The ability to transmit and receive data is crucial in space exploration. Spacecraft need robust networking capabilities to send data—including large files like photos and videos—captured by onboard instruments to Earth as well as simultaneously receiving commands from control centers. NASA has made significant strides to improve the agency’s space communications capabilities while simultaneously maintaining ongoing operations and service to a large number of missions.
The Space Network Ground Segment Sustainment (SGSS) project implemented critical upgrades to NASA’s space communications infrastructure by modernizing Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) ground terminals and improving many system capabilities. Orbiting 22,300 miles above Earth, multiple TDRS provide communication links between orbiting satellites, such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station, and ground-based control centers. TDRS allow missions to be in nearly constant contact with their control and data centers on Earth.
In April 2021, the SGSS team finished initial upgrades to systems at the Second TDRS System Ground Terminal (STGT) and the White Sands Ground Terminal (WSGT) sites, located at NASA’s White Sands Complex in Las Cruces, New Mexico.
These upgrades included installing new equipment to support TDRS communication antennas at the STGT and WSGT locations. Approximately 40 racks of electronic and computing equipment were installed in each of the two locations, reflecting more than an approximately 80 percent reduction in the number of racks needed to support TDRS operations as compared to the old equipment. Additionally, the team upgraded several ground antennas, including one main mission antenna, four test antennas, and one backup communications antenna that can be used if any of the mission antennas become unavailable.
The improvements allow more data to flow through the system, create additional data transfer modes, and increase antenna reliability. These features are designed to ensure the uninterrupted flow of data, enabling future discoveries.
“Upgrading the existing ground system has modernized the electronics and uses more commercially available products. This should help reduce the cost of maintaining systems like TDRS, and helps make extensibility, flexibility, and scalability more straightforward,” said Tom Gitlin, the deputy project manager, technical for SGSS. “SGSS is still compatible with the old system, but will provide new functions, higher data rates, and support more modern data coding schemes.”
The SGSS project converted a WSGT legacy antenna to support two radio frequency bands for communication to and from a TDRS. This newly modified antenna can transmit using Ku-band—used for communications with the TDRS for normal operations, and at S-band—used when storing a TDRS on orbit or when the Ku-band is unavailable for any reason. Prior to this upgrade, the antenna only supported the Ku-band frequency. With the SGSS system operational, this antenna can easily switch between the two bands when needed, ensuring TDRS communications services are not interrupted and minimizing the need to switch antenna assets.
NASA has never performed an upgrade of this magnitude while simultaneously maintaining operations. Much of the existing ground terminal technology uses analog signaling that suffers degradation as it travels through the ground terminal. The SGSS system converts signal transport paths to digital form, which does not suffer losses or signal degradation. SGSS digitizes signals immediately at the ground station antenna.
“This is the first major upgrade of a full ground station while the legacy equipment was still in use,” said Richard Von Wolff, deployment, transition, and operations manager for SGSS.
Working on-site at White Sands, Von Wolff took charge of getting the equipment ready for deployment and ensured there was a seamless transition of operations. In addition to performing those tasks in tandem with the equipment turnover, he made sure operations training and documentation would be ready so that once the upgrades are complete, the SGSS system can be transferred to NASA’s Advanced Communications Capabilities for Exploration and Science Systems (ACCESS) project. ACCESS has assumed responsibility for the system and is conducting additional tests and modifications as necessary.
These upgrades are the third generation of improvements at the site and take White Sands into the digital era, enabling lower TDRS system maintenance costs, and providing higher data rates with minimal disruptions. The new infrastructure will support the next generation of satellites, allowing NASA to discover more about our planet, the solar system, and beyond.
Upgrades to NASA’s space communications infrastructure pave the way to higher data rates (2021, July 28)
retrieved 29 July 2021
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.


neal young / Garg02Online
Congestion control in the current Internet is accomplished mainly by TCP/IP. To understand the macroscopic network behavior that results from TCP/IP and similar end-to-end protocols, one main analytic technique is to show that the the protocol maximizes some global objective function of the network traffic.
Here we analyze a particular end-to-end, MIMD (multiplicative-increase, multiplicative-decrease) protocol. We show that if all users of the network use the protocol, and all connections last for at least logarithmically many rounds, then the total weighted throughput (value of all packets received) is near the maximum possible. Our analysis includes round-trip-times, and (in contrast to most previous analyses) gives explicit convergence rates, allows connections to start and stop, and allows capacities to change.
An application explained in the paper is multi-path bandwidth measurement.
© Copyrights are reserved by the publishers.
Download for personal and limited academic use only.


One of my interests is the Internet of people and Pocket Switched Networking (PSN). These opportunistic networks are created when personal mobile wireless devices such as smartphones are able to communicate with each other directly over short range wireless connections.
Opportunistic networking for inter-human communication is an ongoing research topic, and outstanding challenges include (but are not limited to) Peer Aware Communications (PAC) for neighbour discovery, security, addressing, and efficient data routing.
My research mostly focuses on opportunistic data routing using clusters. But here's a list of other projects which all have opportunistic data transfer between personal mobile wireless devices in common:
Please note that this is an ongoing effort, if I've missed anything then please let me know. If you're looking for investigations into Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) there is a list on Wikipedia, and N4C made a very nice summary here.
Floating Content deserves a mention for no other reason than I like that particular problem, and see it as one application for the Internet of people and PSNs.


Here are the details to connect to
the CUR Chat server to talk to fellow members, and visitors to the site.
Server Name - irc.enterthegame.com
Channel Name - #curchat
To connect to the Chat Server you
are going to need to download a IRC Client. You can find them very easy
on the internet with the most popular being mIRC.
Another alternative is to use Trillian
the advantage of Trillian is that it allows you to connect to AIM,ICQ,MSN,YIM
and IRC all at the one time.
There will soon be regular meetings
on IRC and there will be a java applet here soon aswell.


必威手机app SD-WAN solutions allow organizations to provide secure, reliable access to business applications—no matter where they’re deployed or which devices and networks are used. This technology is becoming especially critical in the era of hybrid work environments, where employees frequently work away from branch offices.
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You could use different vendors for different functionalities and WAN optimization needs. But that approach often leaves gaps in integrations and makes management more complicated. A better approach is robust SD-WAN technology designed to increase security, improve the user experience and simplify management.
As a core component of 必威手机app Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) solutions, 必威手机app SD-WAN delivers exceptional application performance—for every app, every time. It simplifies your transition to the cloud with reliable and secure connectivity, allowing your users to access their workloads with the best possible experience.
Built-in intelligence and granular Quality of Service (QoS) controls prioritize critical traffic and automatically selects the best path for each app, while a fully integrated security stack classifies more than 4,500 applications to secure traffic. And when issues like packet loss or latency arise, application traffic is redirected with millisecond failover to ensure consistently fast app performance regardless of network state. With cloud-based network management, it’s simple to use—no need to configure multiple solutions from different providers and security services.
必威手机app SD-WAN is an advanced software-defined networking solution that delivers secure, resilient, and automated connectivity to SaaS, cloud and virtual apps. It protects corporate resources stored across branches and cloud platforms with WAN Edge infrastructure and ensures that users always have reliable access to business applications. Organizations rely on it to simplify network management, optimize application performance and automate connectivity to both SaaS and IaaS/PaaS cloud workloads—all while ensuring continual protection across the expanded attack surface at the network edge. Intent-centric traffic steering and visualized reporting make it easy to monitor connections to the cloud, while zero-touch provisioning allows you to roll out new apps quickly and scale faster. In addition to improving network performance, many enterprises also rely on 必威手机app SD-WAN to lower costs by consolidating edge routing and security infrastructure or reduce dependence on carrier-provided MPLS.
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PROFILE – Trevor Ellis
Trevor has spent over 25 years working in electronics and electro-optical systems, and over 20 years working in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
Most recently, Trevor has been a specialist consultant working on Road User Charging (RUC) systems, traffic detection systems, automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) systems, traffic management systems, enforcement systems, traffic data and journey time monitoring systems. This has involved discovery and alpha phase project definitions, technology trials, systems specification and requirements, procurement strategy and bid evaluation, and project management of implementation and testing process, including go-live planning.
Prior to this, Trevor was a Director of a leading manufacturer of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems. This involved a number of projects including journey time monitoring systems, Police and security systems, access control and parking systems, road user charging systems and other enforcement systems. Projects were worldwide.
Before this, Trevor was a Director of a major manufacturer of traffic data systems and equipment. This ranged from inductive loop and pneumatic tube counter / classifiers to automatic incident detection equipment and included weigh-in-motion systems and ANPR systems.
QUALIFICATIONS and PROFESSIONAL
MBA (Distinction) – University of Essex
BSc (Hons) Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia
Prince 2 Project Management – Practitioner
Numerous training courses
FOUNDER and CHAIRMAN, ITS UK ENFORCEMENT INTEREST GROUP
The ITS UK EIG has grown over to be one of the UK’s foremost forums for discussion on the issues and interests around traffic enforcement systems. Trevor founded and chaired the group for 18 years, retiring from the post in 2017. This has lead to Trevor serving on a number of committees and advisory panels. Major areas of activity include vehicle ID and technical standards for equipment used in enforcement of civil regulations.


FleetFalcon is a data acquisition tool using data from the vehicle communication bus or through XCP (Universal Measurement and Calibration Protocol).
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An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numberical label that is assigned to devices participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication between its nodes. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Its role has been characterized as follows: a name indicates what we seek, an address indicates where it is, and a route indicates how to get there.
Every machine on the Internet has a unique identifying number, called an IP Address. To make it easier for people to remember, IP addresses are normally expressed in decimal format as a dotted decimal number.
The four numbers in an IP address are called octets, because they each have eight positions when viewed in binary form. If you add all the positions together, you get 32, which is why IP addresses are considered 32-bit numbers. Since each of the eight positions can have two different states (1 or 0) the total number of possible combinations per octet is 28 or 256. So each octet can contain any value between 0 and 255. Combine the four octets and you get 232 or a possible 4,294,967,296 unique values!
Out of the almost 4.3 billion possible combinations, certain values are restricted from use as typical IP addresses. For example, the IP address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for the default network and the address 255.255.255.255 is used for broadcasts.
The octets serve a purpose other than simply separating the numbers. They are used to create classes of IP addresses that can be assigned to a particular business, government or other entity based on size and need. The octets are split into two sections: Net and Host. The Net section always contains the first octet. It is used to identify the network that a computer belongs to. Host (sometimes referred to as Node) identifies the actual computer on the network. The Host section always contains the last octet.


Who knew there was such a thing as horsehair plaster, or that it was five times more resistant to Wi-Fi than regular drywall?
Chuck Smith didn’t, until he and his wife, Lisa Rapaport, moved into their historic 2,500-square-foot home in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Built in 1752 – the same year as Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with a kite and a key – the house seemed determined to block wireless router signals from reaching more than a room away.
“The router had worked fine in my 1,000-square-foot apartment in Manhattan, but that wasn’t the case here,” says Smith, a mechanical engineer. Before long, Rapaport, a freelance journalist, was doing her work in a chair in the basement, tethered to the cable modem that brought the internet connection from outside. “We got this house in part so she could have a nice office, not be forced underground,” Smith says.
At the suggestion of some engineer friends, Smith decided to try a
By placing them throughout a home to create overlapping coverage areas, mesh networks reduce “dead zones” without Wi-Fi coverage. Extender devices used with traditional Wi-Fi routers, on the other hand, lose strength the farther away they are placed.
Intrigued, Smith ordered a three-piece
For the Privette-Youngs, the problem was the L-shaped layout of their house near San Francisco. With the router in the home office on the short side of the L, movies streamed to the living room at the far end were continually glitching due to constant buffering.
“And heaven forbid you try to get a connection on the patio,” says Jody Privette-Young, a public relations executive. After hiring a local IT expert who failed to figure out a fix, they solved the problem with a Nest Wifi system.
“Now, I can yell ‘Hey Google, play some jazz’ from three rooms away,” she says. “If I’m cooking, I don’t have to leave the kitchen. It’s not a huge deal, but it is kind of amazing.”
Nest Wifi also comes with ways to control how the network is used, including the ability to turn on guest access or limit how much time kids can spend online and which apps they can
Few people want to know the details of how networks work, or why they don’t. But in an increasingly connected world, the
“Thank goodness we got Nest Wifi before the pandemic hit,” says Privette-Young.
While she’d already been working from home, her husband moved his business there as well, their daughter came home to finish college, and her mother-in-law spent more time there, often streaming movies in that once unreachable living room – all of which would strain access through a single router.
“Nest Wifi really helped us,” she says.
Based on use of at least 1 Nest Wifi router and 1 Nest Wifi point. Home size, materials and layout can affect how Wi-Fi signal travels. Larger homes or homes with thicker walls or long, narrow layouts may need extra Wifi points for full coverage. Strength and speed of signal will also depend on your internet provider.
This is based on only using connected devices at a maximum data rate of 1Mbps. Requires sufficient broadband internet connection and connected devices must be located within Wi-Fi coverage area described at
g.co/nestwifi/coverage. Strength and speed of signal will also depend on your internet provider.
Internet connection required.


Covers conventional telephone fundamentals, including both analog and modern digital communication techniques. This book provides basic information on the functions of each telephone system component, how electronic circuits generate dial tones, and how digital transmission techniques work. It is suitable for technicians, engineers and students.
Understanding Telephone Electronics by Joseph Carr
Throughout its history, Understanding Telephone Electronics has been, by far, one of the most popular books on telecommunication electronics in the trade, electronic distribution, and educational markets because of its very simple, direct approach to the technology. In keeping with the distinguished tradition of its predecessors, Understanding Telephone Electronics, Fourth Edition covers conventional telephone fundamentals, including both analog and modern digital communication techniques, and provides basic information on the functions of each telephone system component, how electronic circuits generate dial tones, and how the latest digital transmission techniques work. This new edition of Stephen Bigelow's well-known, widely used text on telephone electronics offers comprehensive coverage of the latest developments in fiber optic technology, the convergence of telecommunications, cable-TV and Internet services, and CTI (computer telephony integration). The authors have made extensive revisions in these and other essential areas, such as business systems, voice mail, phone networking, enhanced services, satellite communications, wireless paging systems, digital communications, and much more to ensure that topics covered are current with the most recent advances in technology. The original Understanding Telephone Electronics has been a "gold standard" reference and training staple for years. Likewise, Understanding Telephone Electronics, Fourth Edition will serve as an essential and invaluable resource for technicians, engineers, students at major universities and corporations, and anyone with an enthusiasm for telecommunication electronics.
Joe Carr devoted his life to furthering a wider understanding of electronics and spreading his passion for radio, becoming one of the USA's best known technical authors with over 25 books and hundreds of magazine articles to his name. Newnes is proud to have published a number of his recent titles, including his last book, RF Components and Circuits. Steve Winder is now a European Field Applications Engineer for Intersil Inc. Steve works alongside design engineers throughout Europe to design circuits using components made by Intersil Inc, a US based manufacturer of CMOS ICs used for power supply controllers and for analogue signal processing.Prior to joining Intersil Inc., Steve worked for US based Supertex Inc. in 2002, where he was instrumental in encouraging Supertex's management to start developing LED drivers. One of Steve's German customers had started using a relay driver for LEDs and once Steve had explained the technical detail of this application to Supertex's management, they decided to start an applications team to develop LED specific products. Supertex then invested heavily to became a leader in this field. Microchip acquired Supertex in 2014.Until 2002, Steve was for many years a team leader at British Telecom Research Laboratories, based at Martlesham Heath, Ipswich in the UK. Here he designed analog circuits for wideband transmission systems, mostly high frequency, and designed many active and passive filters.Steve has studied electronics and related topics since 1973, receiving an Ordinary National Certificate (ONC) in 1975 and Higher National Certificate (HNC) in 1977 with Endorsements in 1978. He studied Mathematics and Physics part time with the Open University for 10 years, receiving a Bachelor of Arts Degree with 1st Class Honours in 1989. He received a Master's Degree in 1991, in Telecommunications and Information Systems after studying at Essex University. Since 1991, he has continued with self-study of electronics, to keep up-to-date with new innovations and developments.
Table of Contents
Ch. 1 The Telephone System--About This Chapter, The Telephone Set, The Local Loop, The Public Switched Telephone Network, Types of Transmissions, Switching Systems, Transmission System Facilities, System Operating Conditions, Telephone Equipment Registration, Ch. 2 The Conventional Telephone Set-About This Chapter, Switchhook, Pulse Dialing, Anti-Tinkle and Speech Muting, Tone Dialing, Transmitter, Receiver, Electromechanical Ringer, The Hybrid Function, The Electronic Telephone, What Have We Learned?, Quiz; Ch. 3 Electronic Speech Circuits-About This Chapter, DC Requirements for the Local Loop, Two-Way Speech Block Diagram, Protection Circuits, Speech Circuit, DC Line Interface, Transmitter Section, Receiver Section, Line Balancing, Telephone Set Volume Compensation, Availability and Characteristics of Integrated Circuit Speech Networks, What Have We Learned?, Quiz; Ch. 4 Electronic Dialing and Ringing Circuits-- About This Chapter, Dial Pulse Generation Using Integrated Circuits, Circuit Power and Voltage Transients, Pulse Dialer, DTMF Dialing Using Integrated Circuits, Combined Dialers, Electronic Ringer, Electronic Ringer Implementation Example, Complete Integrated Telephone, What Have We Learned? Quiz; Ch.5 Integrated Telephone Circuits-- About This Chapter, The MC34010 Single-Chip Telephone, Using A Microprocessor, Applying the Telephone Circuit, Speakerphones, Integrated Speakerphone Circuits, What Have We Learned?, Quiz; Ch.6 Digital Transmission Techniques-- About This Chapter, Digital Signals, Signal Conversions, Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Digital Signals, Waveform Coders, Time Division Multiplexing, What Have We Learned?, Quiz; Ch.7 Electronics in the Central Office--About This Chapter, The Local Loop, Conventional Central Office Interfaces, Lineside Interface, Trunkside Interface, Electronics in Central Office Interfaces, Combined Codec and Filter IC, Electronic Crosspoint Switching, Subscriber Loop Systems, Digital Multiplexing Equipment, What Have We Learned?, Quiz; Ch. 8 Network Transmission-- About This Chapter, Why Digital Transmission?, Line Coding, Pulse and Timing Restoration, More Line Codes, What Have We Learned?, Quiz; Ch. 9 Modems and Fax Machines-Other Telephone Services--- About This Chapter, What Is a Modem, and Why Is It Required?, Asynchronous Modem Operation, Standards for Digital Equipment Interface, Error Detection and Correction, Standards, Protocols, Facsimile, Computer Fax Devices, What Have We Learned?, Quiz; Ch.10 Fiber Optic Technology-- About This Chapter, Fiber Optic Technology, Electromagnetic Interference and System Safety, Fiber Optic Principles, Optical Characteristics of Fiber Systems, Calculating Losses in Fiber Optic Systems, Fiber Optic Communications Systems, What Have We Learned?, Quiz; Ch.11 Wireless Telephones-- About This Chapter, Cordless Telephones, Mobile Telephones, Cellular Mobile Telephone Service, Digital Communications Networks, What Have We Learned?, Quiz; Ch.12 The Convergence of Technologies-- About This Chapter, The Technology Context, Telecommunications, Cable TV, High-Definition Television, Cable Modems, Internet, The Competitive Context, The International Context, Computer Telephony Integration, What Have We Learned?, Quiz
Understanding Telephone Electronics by Joseph Carr
Used - Very Good
Elsevier Science & Technology
Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
This is a used book - there is no escaping the fact it has been read by someone else and it will show signs of wear and previous use. Overall we expect it to be in very good condition, but if you are not entirely satisfied please get in touch with us.


Determining the best destination hospital for an injured patient in an appropriate time frame (“right patient, right place and right time”) is the primary goal of successful field triage. This is also an area in which vehicle telematics and Advanced Automatic Collision Notification (AACN) can play a significant role.
Vehicle telematics is the integration of wireless communication into a vehicle’s electrical architecture, which allows a vehicle and its occupants to interact and communicate with other vehicles, the road, public safety answering points (PSAPs) or telematics service provider call centers. A component of vehicular telematics, AACN, is the successor to Automatic Crash Notification (ACN) and is found in an increasing number of motor vehicles.
When a vehicle’s AACN system detects a crash (as determined by vehicle sensors, airbag deployment or seatbelt pretensioners), either an urgent message is directly relayed to the local PSAP or the vehicle’s Global Positioning System (GPS) location and crash-related data—change in velocity (delta-V), principal direction of force, airbag deployment, multiple collisions and rollover determination—are automatically sent by emergency wireless call to a telematics service provider.
These methods allow injured occupants to communicate in real-time with PSAPs or the telematic service provider emergency call centers without having to initiate the call.
With a wide range of vehicle manufacturers and telematics service providers transmitting AACN information, collaboration is essential to ensure standardization. Continued cooperation is critical to ensure consistent information is being transmitted to emergency care systems and personnel. Further study, including pilot projects and research, is necessary as AACN continues its integration in our nation’s vehicles.
Bob Bailey, MA, Scott Sasser, MD, FACEP "Automatic Crash Notification’s Role in Triage - How Advanced Automatic Collision Notification can assist in the early response, triage & care of injured patients" Originally Posted: 01/01/2011 Full Article Available Online: http://www.jems.com/article/trauma-patients/automatic-crash-notification-s
- A copy of the Field Triage Decision Scheme accompanies this month’s JEMS. Also, it and the Advanced Automatic Collision Notification protocol are at www.jems.com/crashsensors


Electronic components and systems are key enablers for various applications affecting our daily life areas. Moreover, they are the innovation drivers for the development of technologies, products and systems. This development is enabled and based on the results of improved reliability. Reliability is enhanced by manufacturing excellence, advanced reliability testing methods and robustness validation to verify the quality and reliability requirements needed in different application domains. Hence, to understand physical failures and defect dynamics is of utmost importance for enhancing reliability and has to be considered along the whole value chain from chip, package to board to system. Reliability has a significant impact on the entire ECS industry and all its applications. Consequently, all ECS value chain partners - material suppliers, chip manufacturers, board and system integrators, Tier I and Tier II as well as OEMs are focusing on improving reliability to satisfy the end customer. The project iRel4.0 influences various aspects of the MASP - Transport and Smart Mobility, Digital Industry, education and healthcare systems, communication, energy sector, production as well as sales and marketing.Read More
Information will be added soon.


Something that has always frustrated me is the fact that most internet users simply fail to understand the concept of packet switching. Of course, it does not help that the convoluted definition of packet switching is “a means of directing digitally encoded information in a communication network from its source to its destination, in which messages may be divided into smaller entities called packets, each of which travels independently through the network in paths based on moment to moment routing decisions made by the nodes through which they pass” (Wikipedia).
The misconception most internet users believe is that when they point their web browser to a website such as “The New York Times,” it establishes a dedicated, persistent link between their computer and The Times. That is just not how the internet works.
Recently while watching an old 1940s movie, there was a short scene of a telephone operator sitting at one of those old-time telephone switchboards. The telephone operators connected calls by inserting a plug at the end of a wire into the appropriate jack. That action did create a dedicated, persistent connection between the two callers that continued to stay connected until the operator pulled the plug.
Imagine how it would work if the telephone operator said, “Look, we have a lot of people wanting to make calls so we can’t have people tying up the circuits when they’re not saying anything. You can say eight words, and then you’re disconnected, but you can call back for another eight if you want to keep talking. We’ll reconnect you as many times as you want, but the limit is eight words per call.”
Obviously, that is ridiculous for phone conversations; but this connect-disconnect-connect-disconnect scenario is the way the internet works. Computers are able to handle connecting and disconnecting hundreds of times per minute. Consider what happens when you use your web browser to read “The New York Times.” Your computer connects to The Times to retrieve a news article, and then it disconnects from The Times. The Times sends you the article; then, it disconnects from your computer so that The Times can go on to answer requests from other readers. If you decide to read another Times article, your computer reestablishes the connection. The point is that during the time you were reading the article, your computer was not tying up the server at The Times. That server went about its other business, and so did your computer.
This process is fundamentally different from the way the telephone maintains a dedicated connection between two parties until they end their conversation. When connecting to “The New York Times” or any other website, your computer is connecting and disconnecting hundreds of times per minute. This is the essence of packet switching, without which the internet would crash.
Charles Miller is a freelance computer consultant, a frequent visitor to San Miguel since 1981, and now practically a full-time resident. He may be contacted at 044 415 101 8528 or email FAQ8@SMAguru.com.


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Internet of things (IoT) is a game-changing technology in recent years. With a host of sensors and machine to machine (M2M) connectivity, it is likely that around 20 billion of devices are might be connected and it is expected to drive everything: from asset tracking to enabling smart homes and redefining communication in power, gas, oil and utility industries. The IoT team of Sparsh Communications offers a wide range services in the internet of things and machine to machine (M2M) domains.
Sparsh Communications, Internet of Things development team is a trustable partner for your IoT design requirements and it also offers real-time solutions, helping organizations with the connectivity, analysis, interpretation and the extraction of smart data for making smart business decisions in the IoT world.
- Framework related to Device Enablement
- IoT Middleware Platform
- Service Management Framework
- Data Analytics
Framework related to Device Enablement:
Sparsh Communications comprehensive and multipurpose M2M Enable Framework is scalable, efficient and lightweight for connecting a number and variety of devices from IoT Middleware platforms and industry verticals. For Using Z-Wave, ZigBee, WI-FI, BLE, 6LoWPAN, RS232, the framework supports bidirectional communication. Connectivity related to access and short-range wireless protocols using satellite, cellular networks and broadband. To any gateway box this framework can be ported.
The Framework’s SDK works with a variety of devices- such as actuators, sensors, appliances and meters and from these devices manage all types of data.
The Benefits and Features of this Framework related to Device Enablement include
- Secure & Smart Device Enablement that is simple with secure remote deployment.
- Connectivity supports 3G, 4G-LTE WAN, Satellite and Wi-Fi networks for PAN.
- Device discovery that is automated based on PAN and simplified Portability that includes memory footprint that is minimized for easy portability to any gateway box.
- Security includes an authentication related device for secure data transmission and access control that is role-based.
- Scalability for any business verticals that supports or variety of actuators and sensors and volume.
Added to all above Reliability, Interoperability, Deployment Scenarios and Management of Legacy Devices add more value.
IoT Middleware Platform:
Internet of things (IoT) and Machine to machine (M2M) continue to be growing technology sector that is expected to deploy billions of interconnected devices to serve users. The ecosystem related to IoT is significantly large with user-centric applications on one end and with Actuators and sensors on the other end.
Sparsh Communications is one of the early adopters of ETSI’s M2M Standards in the form of various service capability layers(SCLs), that enables many component-level standards under one umbrella and which helps to address the entire gamut of the ecosystem related to IoT.
The Features & Benefits include
M2M Service & Telcos Providers
For connectivity that includes Unified Middleware platform that acts server related to data acquisition.
Hardware & OEMs Developers
Interfaces that are open, help OEMs to develop solutions that are connected faster.
With actuators and sensors they converge enterprise apps such as ERP, CRM, BCP etc.
Cloud & Mobile Developers
With normalizing data modeling and definition rapid and easy deployment.
Data Analysts and Scientists
Using Big data from devices and users build problem-centric solutions.
Deploy and bring a variety of devices effectively and smoothly.
Service Management Framework
Sparsh Communications addresses the specialized services to support different verticals such as security, home automation, automobile and such many others. Across Control, device interaction and monitoring, managing the user experience. Deployment cost of new services and reduce time to market Service Management Framework is a perfect platform that enables enterprises and telecom operators to manage millions of devices effectively and efficiently.
M2M (Machine 2 Machine) Technology in connecting world will help to bring vendors, people, organizations and process together. The vital importance of big, data is that it helps to hold useful and real insights related to business. Through data analysis, the success in identifying business insights is very much possible. Sparsh Communications Data analytics framework enables the real business insights from huge and large data that are generated from sensors, connected devices, machine logs, network elements, REST messages and from any other sources.
Sparsh Communications Framework can be used by many business verticals in the world of IoT. Expertise of Sparsh Communications big data includes M2M integration, machine learning, batch analytics event processing, real-time batch, graph analysis, real-time processing and predictive analytics. Added to this Substantial Cost Savings, Improved Decision Making, Machine Learning, New Revenue streams and Substantial Cost Savings are the benefits.


Jon Peha is an IEEE Fellow and serves as Assistant Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy; and prior to that, as the Chief Technologist of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, where he advised the FCC Chairman and Commissioners on pressing issues involving technology, including spectrum sharing, broadband Internet, delivering services to rural areas and the impact of peer-to-peer networks. He is a Full Professor at Carnegie Mellon University in the Department of Engineering & Public Policy and the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, and former Associate Director of the University”s Center for Wireless and Broadband Networking.
Dr. Peha was Chief Technical Officer of three high-tech start-ups and a member of technical staff at SRI International, AT&T Bell Laboratories and Microsoft. He also addressed telecom and e-commerce issues on the legislative staff in both the House and Senate of the U.S. Congress and helped launch a US Government interagency program to assist developing countries with information infrastructure.
His research spans technical and policy issues of communications networks, including spectrum management, broadband Internet, wireless networks, video and voice over IP, communications for emergency responders, universal service, secure Internet payment systems, dissemination of copyrighted material, e-commerce and network security.
Dr. Peha holds a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford and a B.Sc. from Brown.


Computing power, storage capacity, and network transmission are the three pillars of Internet technologies. It is widely believed that the integration of blockchain and these three technologies will spark a technological revolution.
DxChain, a Silicon Valley startup dedicated to data storage and computing, and NKN, an emerging project which aims to develop a blockchain powered communication network, shares the same vision: Leveraging the functional characteristics of blockchain to create a shared economic model that encourages everyone to become a network node that shares idle storage, compute power and network transmission capabilities.
The two chains recently announced a strategic partnership to provide a technology solution for the blockchain ecosystem.
The current Internet is highly centralized leaving control in the hands of a few operators. With the repeal of net neutrality earlier this year, these operators can now limit the access and network speed for any user or website for any reason. We need a better solution to guarantee fairness and openness.
Many problems we face in the area of storage and computing are also rooted in centralization — large amounts of data are controlled by a handful of Internet giants, allowing them to profit or even sell user data. These companies have not had the best record of protecting our personal data. Just recently, The Wall Street Journal reported a security breach that compromised the private user data of 500,000 Users. Rather than keeping users’ data in tech companies’ data centers, NKN and DxChain are turning to blockchain to address the data security issue.
Both NKN and DxChain are trying to bring sharing economic models and blockchain technologies to storage, computing, and networking to create a more open and equal network.
NKN introduces a shared incentive mechanism that rewards individuals in the network who contribute their network connectivity and bandwidth to relay traffic. Together, these shared network nodes create the foundation of a new open, decentralized, and shared transmission network that works across service providers. The result of which is more internet access in more locations and ultimately better connectivity for users.
In DxChain’s design, users are also encouraged to share available storage and computing power. The on-chain economic model rewards individuals who share storage and computing power with tokens. Each user is regarded as a storage and computing node on the network. The data and computing power are not centralized but evenly distributed on different computing nodes. The token economy model can encourage individual users to maintain the equality of the network.
DxChain’s model is also changing the data ownership. Data can indeed belong to its producer due to the “invariance” of the blockchain. In the meantime, data producers themselves can exchange data on the DxChain platform due to the privacy protection provided by DxChain. Users can monetize from their data and receive benefits, thereby breaking the previous situation of data monopoly.
The blockchain technology revolution is by no means one single public chain. At this stage, each public chain is focused on its technical field and is committed to one single part.
After DxChain teamed up with NKN, the two networks can complement each other:
• DxChain provides blockchain storage and computing solutions for NKN. In the scenario where NKN needs decentralized storage and computing, DxChain can provide technical support.
• NKN provides blockchain network transmission solutions for DxChain. In the distributed network designed by DxChain, each node is equal. If NKN’s decentralized network transmission scheme is combined, it can indeed bring equality to the network.
More importantly, the combination of the two can completely break through the bottlenecks of the key IT technology mentioned above: Storage, computing and network transmission. The strategic cooperation between DxChain and NKN can indeed spawn an equal and open network, contributing to the entire blockchain ecosystem and bringing the blockchain’s features to a wide range of downstream applications.


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- is a combination of analog and digital surveillance receiver, SD-card recorder and remote controller realized in a weatherproof rugged housing.
Our universal surveillance receiver not only picks up the transmissions of listening devices and wireless audio transmitters but also this combo receiver has a built-in digital audio recorder which can record all reception of listening devices to popular microSD-card. In addition the receiver has a availability to control some kinds of audio mini transmitters by built-in remote controller. The surveillance receiver with built-in recorder remembers user presets in 100 nonvolatile memory channels, so the frequency settings will not be lost when the battery become exhausted.
This receiver with recorder is compatible for operation with our mini transmitters of the Series STR-100, STR-200, STR-300, STRC-100, STRC-200, STRC-300, STRC-405, STRC-600 (partially), STRC-700 and also compatible for operation with another NFM and WFM mini transmitters which are working in the same frequency range as STV-05.


- Published: Tuesday, 05 October 2021 13:16
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Amateur Radio Transmitting Society
P.O. Box 7391 Louisville, KY. 40257
QSL via K4TXJ only!
The Amateur Radio Transmitting Society is Louisville’s oldest ham radio club, founded in Nov 1927.
We welcome all radio amateurs from the newest technician to the most seasoned extra class, and those interested in becoming a licensed Amateur Radio Operator. We encourage membership in ARRL and acknowledge the amateur radio operator’s responsibility to the public by providing emergency communications, encouraging members to improve their communication and technical skills, and by fostering international good will. We invite amateurs with strong interests in specific areas of Ham Radio to join ARTS and promote their special interests.
Some of our activities include/have included providing communications for local events such as the Derby Breakfast at Farmington held on Derby day, the American Diabetes Association Tour de Cure bike ride, other charity bike rides and events, the US Islands QSO Party, our Dayton Hamvention Bus Trip, and Special Event Stations. We hold regular 2 Meter analog FM, digital C4FM, and SSB Nets and participate in the ARRL’s annual Field Day on the 4th full weekend in June, the WFDA’s Winter Field Day on the last full weekend in January, and we have a booth at the Greater Louisville Hamfest held every September. Several members participate in a weekly breakfast get-together, and we have one or more Club Dinners throughout the year. At our December club meeting, we also have a HAM Radio Items Gift Exchange.
All this in addition to our regular monthly meetings which include an informative program about various topics of ham radio.
The Amateur Radio Transmitting Society ARTS has been affiliated with the American Radio Relay League since Feb 1st 1935 and is an ARRL Special Service Club.
ARTS is a non-profit organization.


Reverse Parking Systems - Trailer Cable - Dual Input
Camera Trailer Cables
Designed to be robust and durable in all conditions and ideal for connecting cameras to monitors in a range of applications for cars, buses, trucks, farm machinery, mining and much more. The industrial-grade aviation-style 4 pin connectors have a locking screw designed to protect from dust and water while providing a very strong and secure connection. This cable combines video, audio and power within the same cable and is designed to simplify the rear view camera hitch and un-hitch process.
Dual Input Trailer Cable – 91CMDTC2
The Dual Input Trailer Cable offers extra versatility by allowing customers to connect two cameras on
or inside the towing vehicle to suit a wider range of applications. The kit consists of curly cable with two waterproof super heavy duty 7 pin plastic sockets, upgraded aluminium cap/retainer, and dual large 4 pin type connectors for an easy plug and play installation.


The usage of the internet to broadcast live or delayed audio and/or video transmission, much like traditional television and radio broadcasts.
Webcasting is ideal for symposiums, conferences, corporate meetings, on-line courses (lecture delivery) and product marketing. You can also integrate your conference calls with video via Webcasting services.
Our experienced staff provides everything you need to produce an effective webcast; Streaming Services, Web Production, and Video Production Team.
Audio Webcast - Reach your audience with rich audio Video Webcast - Reach your audience with an enhanced video experience
Combined Audio and Video Webcast - Optimize your communication to an audience abroad via this multimedia experience. The only thing that is missing in this equation is the travel expense for your participants.


Integrated Equipment Monitoring
Automate equipment monitoring with seamless integration of SmartSense's wireless sensors and Bluetooth probe with the digital checklist.
The Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) movement is revolutionizing the way enterprises operate, as connected equipment drives enhanced visibility into product quality, asset performance, and operational efficiency. Enterprises are transitioning away from analog and manually operated equipment as the lifeblood of their business, often replacing entire fleets of refrigeration, HVAC, and industrial equipment to meet a variety of new-age initiatives. End-to-end connected equipment and systems streamline processes, improve operational efficiency, and help maintain compliance with modern regulatory guidelines. The enterprise of today uses more automation tools, remote monitoring systems, sensor technologies, and integrated systems than ever before.
Investing in IIoT is a core strategic initiative for world-class enterprises, where remote monitoring and connected technologies highlight unprecedented improvement opportunities across the entire organization. SmartSense enables embedded chipset integration with remote monitoring and other connected capabilities to collect equipment analytics and other insightful data points that lead to groundbreaking, data-driven product development.


Have you heard the terms “sound” and “audio”?
Many people heard about these terms, and probably know they are somewhat similar. The main difference between sound and audio is how they are formed. Here is the definitions for sound, it can be defined both physically and perceptually. Physically, sound is the form of acoustic waves that propagates in the medium such as gas liquid, and solid. Perceptually, sound is the perceived waves by the brain. The frequencies that can be perceived by brain is from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. What about audio? Audio is one kind of sound but it usually uses either electrical voltage for analog audio or binaries(0s and 1s) for digital audio.
We also can see that sound travels via medium and audio typically travels via wires. Now, we have some ideas for sound and audio and thank you for reading my first post. Happy easter too!


AzureWave is a Taiwanese corporation that focuses on the development and production of wireless connectivity and image processing solutions. The organization provides products and services that incorporate Wi-Fi into PCs, portable devices, and the Internet. They also manufacture little modules that include electronic preparing and can be used to connect to a Wi-Fi network or remote accessibility. Its product portfolio includes a variety of networking and security modules and gateways for home and business use.
The company provides multiple modules for AzureWave devices. These include WLAN, WPAN, and LPWA network modules. The devices can be purchased with different capabilities and can connect to different Wi-Fi networks. The company also offers M.2 socket-type and solder-own modules. Its system-in-package products include Bluetooth and GPS devices, as well as other networking modules. Its products are widely used in various industries, and they are available at affordable prices.
The company offers a variety of wireless technologies. These include WiFi, Bluetooth, and WiFi-plus-LTE. The Azurewave technology can be used in various applications, including personal and business PCs and laptops. Other products from this company include automotive parts, consumer electronics, and mobile gadgets. Its manufacturing unit also provides a wide range of wireless modules and controllers. Whether you’re looking to connect your car to the Internet or have your car connected to the internet, the company has an Azurewave solution.
Devices produced by the company
Despite the many benefits of AzureWave, some of the devices produced by the company are not secure. There’s a high possibility that your devices have been compromised, but there’s nothing you can do to prevent it. As a smart home technology, AzureWave is an excellent choice. You can purchase it at the most affordable price and enjoy a smarter home. The company sells a wide range of products, from Bluetooth to GPS.
The first product to use the technology is a PC. The AzureWave technology is commonly used to connect devices to a Wi-Fi network. These devices are typically smart plugs, sprinkler controllers, and PS4s. All of these devices are identified by the brand name of the device, which is another benefit of AzureWave. The products are marketed to both consumers and manufacturers as “smart home” systems, and manufacturers are promoting them as a solution to the market.
Evice can be used to link multiple hotspots
The AzureWave technology is not limited to the home. The device can be used to link multiple hotspots across a city. Its wireless technology can connect multiple devices to the same network. It also offers advanced capabilities to connect multiple devices to a home or business. The equipment is used in six countries. They can easily be integrated into a network. They can be customized to meet the customer’s specific needs.
The technology used in the devices made by Azurewave is based on a Bluetooth 5.1 arrangement that is compatible with any other Bluetooth device. The AW-CU429 uses a M.2 socket type module for the connectivity. The AW-CE123H module features a 24GHz Bluetooth framework and has remote security. The device is a popular component of several gadgets. The AW-CU429 is one of the most advanced Bluetooth modules available on the market. The AW-CU429 can be integrated into a laptop or a computer.
likely to be a PC or other
If you’re looking for an AzureWave device, it’s likely to be a PC or other computing device. Its modules include Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, and it can be integrated into a home network. The company also sells a variety of other hardware components, including systems-in-package products. Most importantly, it is compatible with a wide range of software. There are more than 30 different products available, so you’re sure to find something suitable for your needs.
There are a variety of different AzureWave products available. Some of these devices may be malicious, while others might be legitimate. The best way to identify an AzureWave device is to check the manufacturer’s website. In addition to smartphones, it also provides security solutions. For example, it can monitor traffic and detect unauthorized access to a network. Azurewave devices can detect a password and make it easier for businesses to monitor their online activities.
A typical AzureWave device may be a PC. It has the credibility needed to connect to a Wi-Fi network. Other AzureWave products may include wireless IOT modules and systems-in-package products. Some of the company’s most popular products include M.2 socket type wifi modules and GPS-enabled mobile devices. The company has a wide variety of other options for a computer, but these are only a few.


MacLens HVAC Service Tech Tool Giving Customers Real-Time Visibility
MacDonald-Miller is the first mechanical contractor in the PNW to offer the only integrated field service solution, which captures real-time photos & videos to our customer’s call summary reports – so they see exactly what they need in order to make informed decisions. MacDonald-Miller service technicians are equipped with MacLens, a wearable camera and collaboration tool that provides real-time visibility of the condition and performance of our customer’s equipment. Information is delivered and accessed through an integrated cloud-hosted software platform in our customer portal. This cutting-edge technology is especially helpful for large accounts with multiple locations. We deliver the right information, to the right people, at the right time. Thanks to MacLens, the ability to see the exceptional work MacMiller is performing is right in front of you.
We Make it Work
Our wearable technology systems are proven and ready for the industrial workspace.
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5G will drive rapid growth in demand for electromagnetic shielding and thermal materials
At the dawn of the 5G era, domestic leading manufacturers of electromagnetic shielding and thermal materials will pay more attention to technological upgrading and innovation in application fields, and provide more customized products for high-end customers. At the same time, overseas giants are unable to continue to focus on China's domestic layout. Therefore, the electromagnetic shielding and thermal conductivity industry will show a significant localization trend in the future.
5G smart phone transmission rate, frequency, signal strength, etc. have significantly improved, from core chips to RF devices, from the fuselage material to the internal structure, parts will usher in new changes, put forward higher requirements for electromagnetic shielding and thermal conductivity. In the future, electromagnetic shielding and thermal conduction products are expected to further diversify, process upgrades, and increase the consumption of single machines, and have a broader room for growth. According to third-party forecasts, the global EMI/RFI shielding materials market will reach 7.8 billion US dollars in 2021, and the interface thermal conductive materials will reach 1.1 billion US dollars in 2020, while the graphite heat dissipation materials belonging to emerging industries are in the consumer electronics market. The scale has reached nearly 10 billion yuan. With the rapid development of the downstream market in the 5G era, the increase in the demand for single machines and the increase in the number of terminal devices will bring about huge incremental demands for electromagnetic shielding and thermal conductive materials and devices. Therefore, electromagnetic shielding and thermal conductive materials are expected after 2021. The market is expected to achieve faster growth.
At the same time, with the cooling copper tube and heat sink solution gradually being applied to smart phones, the cooling solution for smart phones in the 5G era is expected to develop toward ultra-thin and high-efficiency, which will inevitably present multiple heat-dissipating products. A new situation in which material technology continues to innovate. Currently widely used electromagnetic shielding devices mainly include conductive plastic devices, conductive silicones, metal shielding devices, conductive cloth pads, and absorbing devices. The technical level of electromagnetic shielding devices is mainly dominated by the development of materials, and the conductivity and magnetic properties of materials. The conductivity and material thickness are the basic factors that determine the effectiveness of the shielding. The electromagnetic shielding material will develop in the direction of higher shielding efficiency, wider shielding frequency and better comprehensive performance. The innovative application of various new materials in electromagnetic shielding will be more developed, so it is foreseen that the electromagnetic shielding device technology materials in the 5G era can be foreseen. The ongoing upgrade will be a deterministic trend.
The 5G era is approaching, the introduction of high frequency, the upgrading of hardware components, and the number of connected devices and antennas are multiplied. Electromagnetic interference between devices and devices and within the device itself is ubiquitous. Electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic radiation are used for electronic devices. The harm is also getting worse. At the same time, with the update and upgrade of electronic products, the power consumption of the device continues to increase, and the heat generation also rises rapidly. In the future, the bottleneck of high-frequency and high-power electronic products is electromagnetic radiation and heat generated. In order to solve this problem, electronic products will be added with more and more electromagnetic shielding and heat-conducting devices during design. Therefore, the role of electromagnetic shielding and heat dissipating materials and devices will become increasingly important, and future demand will continue to grow.


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Magnalogix is your hosted predictive dialer.
Magnalogix offers complete VOIP hosted dialing solutions for the single user or large call center. Our product delivers all the benefits of the expensive systems, but without the associated hidden costs. Our satisfied customers rely on our hosted call center software to reduce operational overhead, increase return on investment and improve customer satisfaction. The Magnalogix Hosted Predictive Dialer is a complete package which includes live transfers, Do Not Call registry scrub, CRM features, predictive dialing capabilities and comes with complete, live technical support.
Complete hosted VoIP Call Center Solution for the single user or call center.
Our VoIP Hosted Service takes the headache of manually dialing away. We have been providing quality predictive dialers to clients since 2001, our new system released in 2009 has proven to increase dial speeds by 50% as well as increase our voice recognition software for better quality transfers. Our system works on all PCs and Macs with no other equipment required. Our robust VoIP servers handle all the processing power so all you need is a fast internet connection. Our hosted predictive dialer solution is international friendly and will work in any country in the world! Whether you are a single user or a large call center our dialing system will provide your company with service second to none in the industry.
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Name: Digital display mobile power
mAh: 20000 mA [foot 8000 mA]
Color: Gold / White / Black / Pink / Silver
Outdoor camping excursions
1) Plastic appearance, fashion, exquisite, elegant and generous.
2) New imported A product polymer battery, which can charge all mobile phones.
3) Durable, the number of charge and discharge cycles is ≥500 times.
4) Intelligent control over charge, over discharge, and short circuit protection circuit.
5) Automatic sleep, automatic sleep in non-working state to prevent power loss.
6) One machine multi-function, suitable for all devices with USB charging, such as various mobile phones, IPOD, MP3, MP4, IPHONE, GPS, Bluetooth, digital cameras, etc.
7) Plug and play, use USB port to supply power, plug in the data cable to achieve portable, charging at any time.


Bridging your iPhone hotspot is useful for an array of reasons. Just move and not have internet from the local ISP yet? Want some redundancy in case the ISP fails? Maybe your phone’s 4G is actually faster or more reliable? Whatever the reason, bridging your phone plan’s internet connection is not too hard with open source router software Pfsense.
I use Pfsense as my LANs router. Pfsense is running on a proxmox server VM and is on the same subnet as a home router in “access point mode” to supply Wifi. I assume in this guide you already have pfsense set up as your network’s router/gateway.
I am running Pfsense
2.4.5-RELEASE, which already shipped with the freeBSD iPhone drivers
ipheth. If you don’t have that driver you’ll need to follow the steps in the forum post above.
First, load in the drivers by executing:
Success if you load that in without an error message. You may now also be prompted to “trust this device” on your iPhone…do that.
dmesg to see if your iPhone is being detected. Take note of the value after
ugen. In my case, the value is
Above you also see the MAC address of my phone’s hotspot getting picked up. Originally this DIDN’T happen for me, and first had to run:
usbconfig -d 1.2 set_config 3
1.2 is the value you observed above.
You will now hopefully see a new interface in the pfsense menu. In this example i’m assigning my hotspot as my WAN interface, but of course you could configure something in parallel to your regular WAN connection for redundancy.
Two quirks i’ve noticed. First, I have to manually toggle the hotspot on/off on my iPhone to make the blue hotspot logo appear on the phone. Next, I need to toggle the WAN interface on/off in:
Interfaces > WAN > Enable Interface.
Checking pfsense, I now have an IP.
If all goes well you should now be able to reach the internet!
Add the following
<pfsense><version>17.0</version> <lastchange></lastchange> <system><optimization>normal</optimization> <hostname>pfSense</hostname> <domain>localdomain</domain> <dnsallowoverride></dnsallowoverride> <earlyshellcmd>usbconfig -d 1.2 set_config 3</earlyshellcmd></system></pfsense>
Of course, changing
1.2 to whatever value you have.
Afterwards, remove the cache with
Sometimes i’ve noticed pfsense having trouble acquiring an IP even though the interface appears to be up. For this I do the following.
- Restart Pfsense (
Diagnostics > Reboot) with iPhone plugged in
- As soon as you are prompted to “trust” on your iPhone, do that and then quickly toggle hotspot off/on
- You may be prompted to “trust” twice. Repeat step (2) if so
- If “Setting up WAN” starts to hang during the boot up, start from step (1) and try again
Most of the time this works first try. You need to be quick with step 2, though!


The running system will consist in a measurement system embedded on running shoes, able to gather and transmit the main biomechanical parameters during running.
The information will be wireless transmitted to the mobile phone of the runner while running, where a mobile phone application will inform in real time the runner about the planned activity and performance achieved, suggesting modifications on the activity to change the running pattern in order to avoid running injuries.
The mobile phone applications will have the possibility to integrate additional worthy information as heart rate or GPS positioning provided by other commercial devices.
After the running activity, the runner will be able to download all the generated running information in a web portal, where services to manage such training info will be available. This web portal will allow:
Generation of training plans.
Recommendations and the follow up of the training improvements.
Web 2.0. functionalities, allowing the user to be in contact with other runners worldwide.
Built and share contents as running routes, footwear info, etc.
The general functionalities of the instrumented running shoe to be developed will be biomechanically optimum, high autonomy, low weight, long life and resistance against the normal use of the shoe.
Founded by the European Commission FP7-SME-2011-1 Project: 285800 Research for SMEs Total budget: 1,425,084.60 € EU contribution: 1,060,600.00 €


PERSONAL VOLTAGE ALERT DEVICE
World First. Australian Made. Global Patents Pending Technology.
Disrupting the Safety Industry.
What is Connect 10’s safety technology PVAD?
PVAD stands for Personal Voltage Alert Device. PVAD can detect the impossible, the invisible.
PVAD has an ability that humans are missing, PVAD can detect the invisible RF signal that an A/C electrical circuit sends out. The bigger the voltage the bigger the invisible field.
The breakthrough PVAD Technology can detect extremely low signals, ranging from 440 volts, down to as little as 110 volts.
No current active draw (amperage) is needed for PVAD to detect the signal only active voltage is required.
The PVAD Glove is designed as a safety solution for environments where unknown sources of electrical current may still be live.
PVAD enables the user to be alerted to the risk of live electricity.
PVAD acts as an early warning system to help prevent people coming in contact with unknown and often lethal electrical circuits.
PVAD’s World First Electrical Safety Technology is designed for workers and safety managers in the broad range of industries that are exposed to potential electrical hazards.


Network EngineerFull time Abu Dhabi Jobs posted 3 weeks ago
Hiring: Network Engineer – Abu Dhabi
One of our clients, a cyber-security company is looking for a Network Engineer:
Location- Abu Dhabi; On-site
Certification – CCNP – Voice OR CCNP – Routing & Switching OR CCNP – Security OR CCNP-Enterprise OR
ACMP – Aruba Certified Mobility Professional OR ACSP – Aruba Certified Switching Professional OR
CCIE – Switching & Routing
1) Design and Installation of datacenter switching infrastructure – Worked on Cisco Nexus and HP Aruba switches
2)Independently handled projects from end to
3) Experience in additional technologies like Wireless ( Cisco /HPE Aruba /..) , Load balancers
4) Experienced in installation of Network Connectivity infrastructure – MPLS /VPN / SDWAN
5) Have experience in facing clients and requirement understanding and supporting
6) Experienced in other technology domains like NAC , Web Gateway , Firewalls – ( Preferred)
7)Experienced in other technology domains like Voice over IP Network VOIP – ( Preferred)
8)Experienced in network monitoring and Syslog solutions – Solar Wind , Syslog Server , Cisco Prime ..
9)Experienced in disaster recovery network switching scenarios ( Preferred)
Interested candidates can share their profiles to firstname.lastname@example.org
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More than 60 members of the Kentucky School Plant Management Association attended a breakout session on Oct. 29 at its annual conference.
Alpha Energy Solutions, along with its building automation supplier Cochrane Supply, offered the audience an update of new industry developments.
Along with Dave Hellman, Alpha’s Director of Energy and Performance, Hoffman explained applications for new products on the market under the Niagara software platform. It integrates diverse systems and devices regardless of manufacturer or communication protocol into a unified platform that can be easily managed and controlled in real-time over the Internet using a standard web browser.
Many of the attendees were managers of their school systems’ building automation systems and asked several questions about the new technology available.
Alpha is a Platinum Sponsor of the KSPMA event, which was held Oct. 29-31.
Alpha Energy Solutions
Fax: (866) 296-8035
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Smart Wiring & Structured Cabling
With structured cabling, structured wiring, or “smart wiring” you can be assured that your home is ready for technology now and into the future. Centralised wiring hubs like the one pictured in the gallery, house all your distribution equipment and allows one point of access for all cabling. Home Tech Automation in Sydney, design etc and install smart wiring systems for home and commercial projects. A smart wiring or structured cabling installation provides the necessary backbone for features such as:
The beauty of structured wiring, or smart wiring is that it is relatively inexpensive to install and gives your home the infrastructure it needs for these services whether you are installing them now or for future use at a later stage.
Smart wiring also paves the way for control, automation and integration within your home.
Contact Home Tech Automation in Sydney for a quotation or more information on installing smart wiring in your home.


What Is Streaming Media?
Streaming media refers to audio and video that is transferred via the internet. It does not necessarily mean that they are able to be downloaded or stored locally. Instead, data is transmitted continually to the computers of users and is played right away. It allows the user to pause, rewind, and fast-forward. Streaming media can be used to view live streaming without having to download the files.
The streaming media companies use file formats that ensure top quality in comparison to typical Internet bandwidth. In order to do so they compression audio and video documents using codecs. Lossless formats can be more accurate however they tend to come with larger files. Although lossy formats can erase some information, they try to save the highest quality.
Services for streaming media are available across both desktop and mobile platforms. movie hd of the services require users create an account to sign in. The users can log in using their mobile devices or laptop computers. An internet connection of at least 720p speed is required for users who are using computers. It’s recommended for mobile devices to have Wi-Fi connection.
The streaming of audio and video is one of the most popular ways to consume media. A huge number of people can watch movies and live TV through streaming platforms like Netflix as well as Hulu. Major media corporations like Disney and Apple are also part of the fray. Streaming audio allows you to listen to music, news and sports across the world. Utilizing apps such as Pandora and Spotify, you can turn your laptop into an audio radio station. It is possible to listen to audiobooks with these apps.
The streaming of media is somewhat slow if your Internet connection isn’t speedy enough. The slow connection can lead to the buffer to become sluggish and cause streaming videos to be not watchable. This can affect the quality of the audio and video contents. Some streaming providers utilize media delivery networks to improve the quality of streaming videos. These networks use a series of servers in the world for speedy streaming.
The background of streaming media services has been long. Since its inception streaming media has witnessed numerous technological developments. Radio and television broadcasters made recorded audio files archived and available online. A number of broadcasters are now offering live stream (called webcasting). A lot of people are now able to use the internet to access TV and radio programming by using these online services.
Content creators prefer streaming media over downloading because it’s more likely not to be copied without authorization. It is also referred to as media theft. The downloading of media requires much more area than streaming. However, it is more straightforward to access the media you want via streaming. It occupies less space, and doesn’t have buffering delays.
The kind of server used is another difference between streaming and downloading. While streaming works through FTP as well as HTTP Downloads use a streaming protocol. ดูหนังฟรี is contingent on the bandwidth and latency of the network. A lot of data being transferred to the network can affect the quality of streaming. There is a possibility of switching to Ethernet.


Everyone wants to try VoIP calling since it has lately gained a lot of popularity. However, if you want to profit from it and earn money, you must select the best online dialer tool or predictive dialer that can deliver such results. You should be aware that there are several options available, but not all of them are perfect or can help you reach your objectives. These simple steps will guide you through the process of narrowing down the market’s hundreds of applications to just one best predictive dialer, saving you time, money, and effort.
VoIP calls are Voice over IP calls, which means they are transmitted as data packets over the internet. Your voice is conveyed across a copper wire or fiber optic cable using an analog signal during a regular phone call. During a VoIP connection, this analog signal is transformed to digital form, and the data packets are then transmitted over the internet. The receiving device converts these data packets back into analog signals so that you can hear the person on the other end of the connection. VoIP calls are less expensive than normal phone calls since they do not require phone lines, yet they are still too expensive to be used fully. Predictive dialers, also known as auto dialers, are computer software programs that automatically call phone numbers in sequence. They’re a cost-effective way of making many calls quickly. The key difference between predictive dialing and other methods of telemarketing is that predictive dialers are completely automated so the worker can focus on other tasks while the program does the work for them. It’s one of the most effective ways to make more calls without spending more time on them.
Today’s market is flooded with numerous varieties of VoIP phone apps. Some give specific features, while others do not. Examining the capabilities on offer is one of the best ways to decide which VoIP call and predictive dialer program is appropriate for your company. Do you prefer something simple or something more complicated? What is the price? When trying to select a VoIP call and predictive dialer app provider, these are the important things you should be asking yourself.
There are many advantages to using a predictive calling app. The time savings are the most evident advantage because using this kind of app enables you to make more calls in a shorter amount of time. Furthermore, these applications may be set to automatically contact every number on your list, saving you time from having to do it manually. There are many options when looking for a VoIP call and predictive dialer app, but Call Cowboy is one of the best options currently on the market today. With a multitude of features such as access to unlimited calling plans and easy payment options, you can use Call Cowboy Predictive Dialer to help grow your business while saving time by avoiding making tedious manual phone calls. Nothing prevents you from starting working with Online Voip Dialers like Call Cowboy today because there are no long-term contracts or unexpected costs.


Qatar National Library (QNL) is a non-profit organization
Qatar National Library (QNL) is a non-profit organization. The plans for the new national library were announced by Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, Chairperson of Qatar Foundation, on 19 November 2012, during a ceremony celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Dar Al Kutub Library, in Doha, Qatar, one of the first public libraries in the Persian Gulf region. QNL aims to serve a three-fold function: as a national library, a research-level university library, and a central metropolitan public library equipped for the digital age. In its capacity as a national library as defined by UNESCO, it collects and provides access to global knowledge, including heritage content and materials relevant to Qatar and the region; as a university and research library, it supports education and research at all levels; and as a modern central public library, it provides library services and resources to meet the reading interests and foster the information literacy of the general public. In addition, with the opening of the new building, it also serves as a community meeting place.
An innovative audio tour system
Astad approached Recursive to design and develop an innovative audio tour system that would allow people visiting the Qatar National Library to listen to the audio of each exhibit, video wall and interactive installation through headphones so as not to disturb other users. An important feature of the brief was the need to deliver this audio in real time and using the existing Wi-Fi network in place within the building. This was particularly relevant due to the need to support live presentations within the auditorium and Special events space, alongside multiple language support, interfacing directly with the real time interpretation system. An additional requirement for the system was that this should be delivered in a hands free way with no user intervention required. This last requirement meant there was a need to carry out indoor tracking of the individual users location to automatically determine their exact location and then use this to decide the exact moment to switch audio channels to ensure they always receive the correct audio for the exhibit or space in which they are in. A final requirement was the creation of a roaming “guest speaker” feature which would allow a tour to be conducted around the library with the tour guide simply using a roaming radio microphone with the audio from this being delivered to the users in real time via the application wherever they are in the library.
Recursive developed bespoke directional beacon devices
Several major challenges became apparent during the design of this system. The main two were tracking people’s positions within a building and transmitting audio from an exhibit to the users audio device in real time. To transmit audio from exhibit to audio device, Recursive proposed the use of an audio over Wi-Fi device that would allow audio to be streamed over a wireless network directly to each mobile device. We worked extensively with Williams Sound and their Hearing Hotspot product. In its existing form however, the server was not capable of providing the channel capacity required, this being limited to a maximum of 16 stereo channels, far short of what we required. Recursive worked with Williams Sound to further develop the products capability expanding this to 100+ channels through the development of new firmware which allowed multiple servers to act as one. In order to track the position of people throughout the building, Recursive developed bespoke software to ensure the bluetooth Beacons provided usable directionality data especially for the project. Standard beacons are omnidirectional meaning that the RF signal is propagated in all directions equally. This approach does not work well when multiple beacons are required in close proximity, as was the case in the library with multiple exhibits often less than 2m apart. In addition the large number of RF reflections which occur from the surrounding surfaces, especially in an modern architectural environment, skew the readings of the RF signals received, leading to false positioning and triggering. To match the bespoke beacon design, Recursive also developed bespoke code to detect the proximity of the mobile device from each Beacon within the building. This is built on the iOS platform and is run from a custom cloud based Content Management System (CMS) which runs and manages all devices and beacon settings, allowing real time diagnostics and changes across the site.
This CMS is capable of supporting multiple buildings and sites
Recursive designed and specified a bespoke system for delivering the audio as well as tracking of the user, including a powerful cloud based CMS. The CMS allows real time administration over the services including the audio channels served, the creation of audio zones within the library, control of the beacons and their settings, the uploading of background audio tracks and the maintenance reporting for diagnostics purposes. This CMS is capable of supporting multiple buildings and sites to allow for future expansion. It also allows for new audio channels and beacons to be deployed to support ad hoc events as and when required and to activate or deactivate an audio zone at any time, something which can be automated via an API to allow control via third party control systems such as Crestron.


A broadband eccentric annular slot antenna
Broadband Circularly Polarized Annular-Ring Microstrip
A simple structure concentric annular-ring slot dual-band circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna operating at ISM band (2.45 GHz) and 5G band (3.5 GHz) is proposed in this paper. The antenna achieves dual-band operation by digging two concentric annular-ring slots on the ground. And on the angular positions with 45 degrees inclined of each annular slot, two bent structures are loaded to ... Eccentric Annular Slot Antenna for Breast Cancer Detection ... the wideband eccentric annular slot antenna to analyze and investigate the characteristics of malignant breast tumors. A FDTD based model is implemented to include the normal breast tissue, breast skin, malignant tumor and the transmitting/receiving antenna [1, 3-8]. The geometry of the antenna is shown in Fig. 1. This investigation will help in Broadband Annular Ring Microstrip Antennas | Products ...
The microstrip antenna designs covered in this book are divided into two groups: compact microstrip antennas and broadband microstrip antennas. The book is organized into nine chapters. Chapter 1 presents an introduction and overview of recent advances in the design of both compact and broadband microstrip antennas.
Jan 1, 2009 ... broadband, dual-band and multiband operation for slot antennas. ... complexity. In this paper, the annular-slot and concentric annular-split-. Eccentric annular slot patch antenna with frequency agility for UHF ... Oct 13, 2016 ... The design of a simple ultrahigh frequency RFID (radio frequency identification) reader antenna that can operate within the North America RFID ... Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Cavity-Backed Annular Slot Antenna ...
2019-5-17 · In this paper, an antenna comprising a compact annular-slot combined with a small concentric annular split-ring slot is presented. The antenna is fed by a T-shaped microstrip line. By using the T-shaped microstrip feedline to tune the level of electromagnetic coupling between annular-slot and feedline, good matching can be achieved.
M. Park, "A broadband eccentric annular ring microstrip slot antenna :' Joumol of the Korea Elecfmmagnetic EngineeringSo&*, vol. Asia-pacific abstracts 66) A Broadband Eccentric Annular Ring Microstrip Slot Antenna , by Young Hoon Suh, Ikmo Park (School of Elec- tronics Engineering, Ajou University): JKEES, vol. Patch Loading Circular Aperture Slot Antennas for Broadband ...
2016-2-3 · Circularly Polarized Slotted Aperture Antenna with Coplanar Waveguide . . . . 271 Journal of Engineering Science and Technology February 2016, Vol. 11(2) Fig. 5. Return loss variations in length of slot L1=16 mm, 18 mm, 19 mm, 20 mm.
antenna | 论文 Lei Ge, Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim, Chuan-Wei Lin and Ting-An Chen, "Eccentric Annular Slot Patch Antenna with Frequency Agility for UHF RFID Reader Applications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 27, no.2, pp. 1-9, Oct. 2016. US20110273351A1 - Wideband cavity-backed slot antenna ... A wideband cavity-backed slot antenna includes an enclosure having a slot, a balun located proximate the slot, a feed extending through the enclosure to the balun, and a plurality of coupled lines proximate the balun and distal to a location at which the balun is coupled to the feed. Microstrip‐line‐fed printed shorted ring‐slot antennas for ...
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