Monday, 18 May 2015.
Electronic commerce plays an important role in the world. However, applications and technologies switch to mobile computers and wireless networks. While this is true, these achievements have also caused you problems, especially those related to wireless e-commerce. Because of changing customer preferences, the development of these applications is a continuous process that will satisfy the market. Mobile e-commerce, which uses portable devices for business transplantation, is becoming a major part of human life. Portable computers include portable computers, mobile phones and interfaces installed on the vehicle (Lamersdorf 243)
The only requirement for mobile e-commerce is access to a mobile wireless network that is Web or WAP-enabled (Lamersdorf 255). It should be noted that phones and other port-size gadgets have limitations, including little memory, small screens, and more than one input device. They do not have traditional computer keyboards and have limited text strings and symbolic records. On the contrary, laptop computers support many devices, have huge storage containers, have traditional keyboards and have large screens
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The main problem for manufacturers is to determine the most efficient way to use applications to access information through gadgets. For this reason, manufacturers should return to the software and operating systems for a number of platforms. Portable devices can support applications including Palm PalmOS, Microsoft Pocket PC OS, WAP, SMS, Web, and I-node. Although some of these applications meet the needs of most users, they have limited functionality. Therefore, manufacturers and application developers have the task of improving the functionality of these devices to enhance their capabilities (McConnell, Merz, and Maesano 370)
Thus, mobile e-commerce refers to businesses that carry out activities in the sphere of consumer behavior, as well as conduct mobile development operations with the help of wireless technology. Today, most people in the world own mobile phones, mostly rely on wireless technology. Other devices allow you to work with voice messages while others focus on non-voice functionality, such as viewing videos, geographic location data, reading letters, and Internet access (McConnell, Merz & Maesano 378). This led to a change in the buyer’s payment market. With these devices, electronic commerce is easier and more convenient throughout the world. With the development of mobile electronic commerce, there is a mass production of phones, improved technologies and available data prices. That's why now you can easily apply to a professional essay service with the request "https://domyessay.com/write-my-research-paper." You will get quick, and quality results since professional writers work in such services. This is a great opportunity for a student to solve any problems that are related to writing. They have contributed to the more use of mobile data than in previous years
Mobile e-commerce has also led to consumer gains and consumer protection. They include mobile payments and banking services, premium services, mobile purchases and mobile marketing, but several. With premium services, users buy digital content and electronic information via text messages, where costs are added to the cost of a mobile phone (Tsalgatidou 252). Examples of free SMS services are horoscopes, SMS voting system, flight status alerts and websites. The development of wireless networks has improved the transmission of data and improved display capabilities on handheld devices. They also have a good calculated capacity that contributes to the development of Internet services (Tsalgatidou 276). Today there are information portals that offer a wide range of free services, such as downloads, videos and ringtones. It is therefore clear that the mobile content has undergone massive changes in order to meet changing market demands. With the help of mobile payments and banking services, financial institutions offer bank deposits for online clients. You can also pay for one of the most popular essay writing services https://essayservice.com/history-essay-writing-service. It's very convenient because you don't need to spend a lot of time to do it. With this platform, the customer can view the balance of account and the latest transactions over the telephone. On the other hand, mobile payment programs allow clients to make text payments, where companies offer traditional trusted services over the Internet, expanding the functionality of the device. Oftentimes improves privacy through encryption and public key management (Nickerson and Warkentin 440)
In addition to the benefits listed above, wireless applications and technologies have a number of advantages in e-commerce worldwide. The lack of standardization of mobile devices worldwide is a serious problem. Mobile devices vary from country to country and even within a given country. Inequity in access to and access to wireless technologies also affects mobile e-commerce in the world. It is clear that in some countries the demand for mobile devices is small. In Japan and Europe, for example, demand for mobile devices is higher than in the US (Tsalgatidou 268). Very few Americans use wireless devices compared to people in Europe and Asia. Americans also have a lower level of use than Asians and Europeans. The experts note that demand for critical levels in 3G will be lower, hindering the development of e-commerce in the affected countries
Finally, technology development has played a major role in the development of mobile e-commerce. Today, millions of people around the world depend on this technology to work with businesses. When moving fast on wireless devices, you must ensure that the devices function correctly. It is also necessary to develop wireless communication with high bandwidth in accordance with the requirements of mobile e-commerce and wireless applications
McConnell, M. Merz, L. & Maesano, M.
Nikerson, R. and Warkentin, M. Wireless/Mobile E-commerce: Technologies, Applications and Issues.
Tsalgatidou, A. Business models and transactions in mobile e-commerce: requirements and properties.


Digital Freeview is the standard transmission throughout the UK and provides you with access to numerous TV and radio channels. To receive this service you will require a digital Freeview aerial. Dawson Aerial Service have been installing aerials since 1957 and have a vast amount of knowledge and experience so you can be sure that all the equipment is installed to the highest standard with optimum reception.
Poor picture quality, our experienced engineers can investigate what's causing the problem and will be able to advise on the best course of action.
FM (Frequency Modulation) DAB (Digital Audio Broadcast)
Aerial installation for your Hi-Fi tuners, will enhance your quality of reception.
Dawson Aerial Service provide IRS, communal aerial system.
IRS (Integrated Reception System) as referred to in our industry, is ideal for developers, managing agents and businesses who wish to provide full viewing service e.g. Freeview, FM and DAB. The benefits of IRS is that you are providing one aerial to feed the premises.
Dawson Aerial Service provide a full maintenance programme on communal commercial buildings.
* Free site survey is subject to location
Website created by Gordon Johnson


As part of our continual efforts in growing our ecosystem of partners, the Labeeb IoT platform is now certified as Libelium Cloud Partner. We are also jointly offering an IoT kit which is the best option for those that want to program a solution on top of the Labeeb IoT platform and test it with real sensors.
This kit includes nodes for Smart Cities and Smart Agriculture applications. The data is sent to the Internet by the GW using Ethernet and 4G radios.
More details on the IoT Marketplace: https://www.the-iot-marketplace.com/LabeebIoT


A wireless ad hoc network (WANET) is a type of wireless network aimed to be deployed in a disaster area in order to collect data of patients and improve medical facilities. The WANETs are composed of several small nodes scattered in the disaster area. The nodes are capable of sending (wirelessly) the collected medical data to the base stations. The limited battery power of nodes and the transmission of huge medical data require an energy efficient approach to preserve the quality of service of WANETs. To address this issue, we propose an optimization-based medical data compression technique, which is robust to transmission errors.
We propose a fuzzy-logic-based route selection technique to deliver the compressed data that maximizes the lifetime of WANETs. The technique is fully distributed and does not use any geographical/location information. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed work with simulation results. The results show that the proposed work effectively maintains connectivity of WANETs and prolongs network lifetime.


Technology has provided a way through the satellite tracking in which information from a given satellite is processed and measured to determine the location of that particular signal is usually referred to as satellite tracking. In the significant inventions made by technology is the satellite tracking that can be useful in multiple ways. Usually satellite tracking is used to give information about mobile things like the cars, people as well as the phones. Through the satellite tracking one can be able to get the information concerning cars as well as phones in the interface using the tracking software. In this modern world people have come to prioritize their security. As a result, there have some ways developed to provide that one is sure of his or her security. It is as a result of the insecurity that has prevailed in this contemporary world. By the help of satellite tracking one can be able to track his or her vehicle, and as a result, he or she will be able to monitor its movement, in the long run, you will be able to enhance the car’s security. Below are some of the gains people can enjoy from the satellite tracking technology.
By the use of the satellite tracking one can be able to monitor the location of the people he or she is concerned with. In most of the cases in this modern it is not normal for people to be tracked but there are instances that do call for tracking. The activities that will require satellite tracking include military operations, sporting events as well as during natural disaster. There are some sporting events that are risky in that people go away from the crowd and no one is looking over them. Therefore the need to incorporate the satellite technology in such events. In the event of a natural emergency, it is advisable to at all-time track those that are going to retrieve others by using the satellite tracking technology. Therefore the lifesavers will be able to do their job securely. One of the most effective ways to take care of the military of their security during any mission is by tracking them using the satellite tracking technology.
Satellite tracking can be used to tell the location of your assets. Owning a phone has been one of first want of most people. Using the satellite one can be able to know the location of his cellphone. In most cases people do leave their phones and forget where they are satellite tracking can help you to locate your phone easily. In other cases your phone might be stolen through the satellite tracking one can be able to know where his or her phone was stolen.


Special Track 1 : Unlocking a New Era of Human Progress with Smart Technologies and IOT
- Praveen Malik (Professor, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India)
- Sumit Agrawal (Senior Engineer, Multimedia Systems R&D, Santa Clara, CA, USA)
- Arshi Naim (King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia)
Smart technologies and IoT can be used to help address a range of humanitarian issues, including climate change, poverty, health and food insecurity, natural disasters, and access to education. By providing timely access to data and insights, IoT can help humanitarian organizations identify needs and respond more quickly and effectively to crises. For example, smart sensors, drones, and wearables can be used to monitor and collect data on air quality, water levels, and other environmental factors, helping to inform and guide decisions related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. IoT can also be used to improve access to healthcare and social services in developing and remote communities, while smart technology can be used to provide educational resources and opportunities to disadvantaged individuals. Ultimately, the use of smart technologies and IoT can help to improve the quality of life for people living in difficult and challenging conditions
Special Track 2 : Integrated or hybrid system technologies for sustainable power applications to enable smart living
- Dr.Madhuri Bayya, (Faculty, BITS-WILP, Rajasthan, India)
- Dr.Parameswarn Chidamparam (Associate Professor, BITS-Pilani WILP, Rajasthan, India)
The term sustainable in the context of energy or power consumption is defined as meeting energy needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. Addressing this aspect various environmental as well as social solutions are being sought after. In context of sustainable power applications, renewable energy has emerged as one of the most effective solutions. The renewable energy applications have slowly penetrated to power generation, to sustainable transportation solutions to sustainable home appliances etc. But due to their intermittent nature the researchers and industry partners have started looking towards integrated systems which are a combination of sources as effective, sustainable and efficient solutions. Integrated systems or hybrid systems have given rise to a variety of solutions. For example, microgrids in power generation and storage aspects, hybrid electric vehicles for sustainable transportation and so on.
The proposed session invites papers on different aspects integrated or hybrid system technologies for sustainable solutions. The integration has different aspects such as integration of sources for effective output (in stationary applications such as microgrids and hybrid vehicles for vehicles), control strategies, power electronic converters implemented for integration, smart devices, measurement systems, effective energy storage systems, automotive applications etc to name a few. The authors proposing to submit papers can focus on any aspect of integrated or hybrid systems. The aim is to discuss and create awareness of integrated solutions in different applications and create a possible synergy with know-how from different application areas.
Special Track 3 - AI-CPS-DI: Artificial Intelligence-driven Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) for Secure & Reliable Digital Infrastructure
- Dr. Ketan Kotecha (Director, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune)
- Dr. Harsh S. Dhiman (Assistant Professor, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune)
Background: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrated systems that combine physical components with computational and networking elements. These systems are designed to interact with the physical world/assets and enable seamless integration between the cyber and physical infrastructure. When it comes to securing and ensuring the reliability of digital infrastructure, CPS play a vital role. An artificial intelligence (AI)-driven cyber-physical system (CPS) refers to a system that combines the potential capabilities of AI technologies with the integration of physical components/assets and digital infrastructure. It leverages AI algorithms and techniques to enhance the monitoring, decision-making, and control processes.
In an AI-driven CPS, AI technologies, such as machine learning, deep learning, and Big-data analytics, are deployed to analyze large amounts of data collected from different sensors and other sources within the physical environment/space. The AI algorithms can detect meaningful patterns, make predictions, and derive insights from the data, enabling intelligent decision-making and control actions for a better world.
AI-driven Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) for secure and reliable digital infrastructure can also have significant humanitarian benefits. Here are some ways in which AI-CPS can address humanitarian aspects for secure and reliable digital infrastructure - Disaster Management, Smart cities & Urban planning, Healthcare delivery, Humanitarian Assistance & Relief, Infrastructure development, Access to Information & Communication
Objectives and Scope of the special issue
Here are some key aspects of CPS for secure and reliable digital infrastructure:
- Security Measures: CPS for digital infrastructure incorporate various security measures to protect against cyber threats and attacks. This includes robust authentication and access control mechanisms, encryption techniques, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and secure communication protocols. By implementing these security measures at both the cyber and physical layers, CPS can mitigate risks and safeguard critical infrastructure.
- Resilience and Fault Tolerance: CPS are designed to be resilient and fault-tolerant, allowing them to maintain operation despite failures or disruptions. Redundancy, fault detection, and error recovery mechanisms are built into the system architecture to ensure continuity and reliability. These features are particularly important for digital infrastructure, as downtime or disruption can have significant consequences.
- Real-time Monitoring and Control: CPS enable real-time monitoring and control of digital infrastructure, providing operators with timely information and control over various components. Through sensor networks, data can be collected from the physical environment and processed in real-time to detect anomalies or potential security breaches.
- Safety Considerations/Regulations: Besides security, CPS focusses on safety aspects of the digital infrastructure. They incorporate safety measures to ensure the physical well-being of individuals and prevent accidents. For example, in an industrial setting, CPS may include safety sensors, emergency shutdown systems, and automated response mechanisms to mitigate potential hazards.
- System-wide Integration and Coordination: CPS integrate various subsystems and components into a coherent and coordinated system. This integration allows for centralized monitoring, management, and control, enabling a holistic view of the infrastructure. By coordinating different elements of the digital infrastructure, CPS can optimize performance, identify vulnerabilities, and respond to incidents more effectively.
- Continuous Monitoring and Adaptation: CPS for digital infrastructure often employ machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques to monitor the system's behaviour, detect patterns, and adapt to changing conditions. This adaptive capability allows the system to respond to evolving threats and optimize its performance based on real-time data.
Special Track 4 : 6G Wireless Systems Future Vision with Machine Learning (ML) & Artificial Intelligence (AI) Towards Healthcare, Education, Sustainability and Environment
- Dr. Arun Agarwal (Assistant Professor in the Department of ECE, ITER, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Jagamara, Odisha, India.)
6G wireless standards require massive global collaborations between governments, research institutions, telecom giants, semiconductor makers, and hardware and software developers. Work on 6G began in 2019 and billions of dollars have already been pledged worldwide to support 6G research and innovations, according to the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) Alliance, an industry consortium. Artificial intelligence (AI), on the other hand, is playing an increasingly important role in automating systems, increasing efficiency, and ensuring high dependability in complicated activities. One of the potential benefits of 6G is in Health care. 6G could enhance telemedicine capabilities, allowing for real-time high-definition video consultations and remote surgeries with minimal latency. It could facilitate the use of advanced medical devices and wearable‟s for continuous health monitoring, enabling early disease detection and personalized treatment. Additionally, 6G networks could support the rapid transmission of large medical datasets for research and collaboration among healthcare professionals.
5G wireless communications technology is being launched, with many smart applications being integrated. However, 5G specifications meagre the requirements of new emerging technologies forcefully. These include data rate, capacity, latency, reliability, resources sharing, and energy/bit. To meet these challenging demands, research is focusing on 6G wireless communications enabling different technologies and emerging new applications. According to the ITU-T, the three most important driving characteristics linked to the next decade of lifestyle and societal changes, impacting the design and outlook of 6G networks, are: 1) High-Fidelity Holographic Society; 2) Connectivity for All Things; and 3) Time Sensitive/Time Engineered Applications
6G could revolutionize education by enabling immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences in remote learning environments. Students could engage in interactive, real-time collaborations with teachers and peers, accessing high-quality educational resources from anywhere. 6G's high bandwidth and low latency could support advanced online learning platforms, personalized tutoring systems, and adaptive learning technologies.
6G's ultra-reliable and low-latency communication could significantly improve disaster response and management. Emergency services could benefit from real-time data transmission, enabling better coordination and situational awareness during crises. Drones, robots, and autonomous systems could operate seamlessly over 6G networks, assisting in search and rescue missions, damage assessment, and recovery operations.
6G could play a crucial role in monitoring and managing environmental factors. It could enable a vast network of sensors and devices for real-time data collection on air quality, water pollution, and climate conditions. This information could be used to develop more accurate models and simulations for climate change analysis and resource management. Additionally, 6G's energy- efficient technologies could reduce the carbon footprint of wireless networks themselves.


We deliver top-notch infrastructure equipped with multi-function systems so that all of the different aspects of your communication system will run together seamlessly.
Telecommunications Engineering Services
We offer a full range of industry-leading tower engineering services. As one of our core capabilities, we will create the right solutions for your existing and future telecom needs.
Systems Installation, Testing & Commissioning
Our systems are installed in accordance with best industry practices that meet regulatory and operational requirements.
Tower Maintenance & Support Services
We maintain high standards of technical maintenance for the supplied solutions. In this way, we systematically and successively create strategic values of partner relations with our customers.


macOS Monterrey introduced the networkQuality command line utility to test internet connectivity from the Terminal App. To run the utility, open the Terminal App and type in
The tool by default runs upload and download speed tests in parallel rather than sequentially. This may give a more accurate indication of the true quality of the connection.
The tool grades the connection on what is referred to as ‘Responsiveness’.
Responsiveness measures the quality of your network by the number of roundtrips completed per minute (RPM) under working conditions.
Responsiveness is classified into three categories:
- Low: If any device on the same network is, for example, downloading a movie or backing up photos to iCloud, the connection in some apps or services might be unreliable, like during FaceTime video calls or gaming.
- Medium: When multiple devices or apps are sharing the network, you might see momentary pauses or freezes, like during FaceTime audio or video calls.
- High: Regardless of the number of devices and apps sharing the network, apps and services should maintain good connection.


Computer Network Assignment Help
What Is A Computer Network?
Digital Telecommunications Network is a computer network. It permits to share computer resources like printers, file servers, and others. In this, computer resources exchange data with each other using connections between devices. A computer network is a set of connected devices.
A medium makes the connection between computers. The medium can be wireless or wired. One can make a connection via Coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, Fiber optics cable. We use the Ethernet cable. In a wireless medium, we can use radio waves, Bluetooth, Satellite, etc.
A system is an accumulation of numerous PCs, servers, and system gadgets. These utilized for information sharing. For instance, arrange, where million individuals interface and offer information. The system utilizes organize gadgets, for example, Router, Hub, Switch, modem. The Internet is the greatest system on the planet.
Computer networking is a procedure for linking many computers. A combination of computer software and hardware make a network.
Computer Network Features
- Making files and opening them from other Computers.
- Sharing sources
- The central computer connects different devices to a network. It allows their usage by other systems in the network.
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Computer Network Criteria
It means the accuracy of delivery. After the link failure, the amount of time it takes to recovery is reliability.
- Good Performance:
We measure it by calculating transmitting time and response time. The time taken by a request to travel from one device to other device is the transmission time. The time that a request takes to respond is its response time.
We can protect data through security.
- Network Devices
- Computer Network types
- PAN (Personal Area Network)
- LAN (Local Area Network)
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
- WAN (Wide Area Network)
- PAN (Personal Area Network): PAN is the smallest network. Its range is up to ten meters. Most prominent examples can be a wireless mouse, keyboard, or Bluetooth. It avoids difficulties related to wires.
- LAN (Local Area Network): Its area span is small like a home or a workplace. We can connect all computers in a building using Local Area Network. In LAN, one computer is a server, and the other machines are clients. The data stored on the server can access everybody. It uses Ethernet technology.
LAN is inexpensive to install. It can be wireless or wired. This type of network uses fewer people situated in a limited geographical area. It uses an organization’s offices, colleges, schools, etc.
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): A MAN is a greater version of a LAN. It interconnects the devices in a more significant area as compared to LAN. It establishes a connection in a city. A MAN works between a LAN and WAN. MAN has high-speed.
- WAN (Wide Area Network): A large number of people situated in a larger geographical area use this type of network. It is the combination of LAN and MAN. MAN has high-speed but an expensive installation. A WAN connects systems of the entire country. It has high speed, but an expensive installation. A WAN uses technologies like ATM and SONET. Many administrations can manage it.
- Types of Network connection:
- Bus Topology
- Star topology
- Ring Topology
- Bus topology: It is another type of network design. In a Bus topology, a central cable connects a number of systems. All computers connect through a cable. If a fault occurs in the main cable then all computers fail to operate. The benefit of a bus topology, it uses minimal cable.
- Star topology: In the star topology, a central node connects other computers on the network independently. The central node is the heart of the network. In this case, if a node fails, there is no issue. If the central node fails, the network fails. It requires less cabling than other topologies.
- Ring topology: Ring topology is like a ring. In this topology, computers connected with each other in ring-like structure. In this design, the computer signal circulates through the network. The signal will make some attempts to find its destination.
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Mobile Phones For Business
The Communications Center provides the services many commercial clients need in order to design, implement, and finance communications satellites. We have started up many services and businesses out there. We start clients up by setting up business voip systems by installing that on there server. From their they can keep track with there tools in a good, Fast and efficent way.
In our Maryland office the Communications Center designs and plans implementation for sensitive communications satellites delivered by national and commercial clients. The Communications Center is prepared to travel in support of our clients.
The Communications Center has been in business mobile phones since 1980. In these years, we have established expertise in all three areas necessary to make financial comparisons: the underlying technology, the market requirements and size, and the economics. This makes the Communications Center unique and unusually well qualified to provide appraisals, due diligence and specialized reports regarding satellites and satellite systems.
If appropriate, the Communications Center will employ such tools as the discounted cash-flow, using transponder rates which are adjusted to the particular capacity being offered by the carrier, for the type of technology being deployed and the risks involved.
The Communications Center has established many internal tools and libraries that are applied to particular situations. These include an up-to-date in-house library of all the recent filings at the International Telecommunications Union in Geneva and all of the satellite filings for the FCC over the last 15 years. Our library also contains what is probably the world's largest commercial collection of information on the performance of and planning for commercial satellites. These resources are for the exclusive use of our staff.


Below are some of the local projects we are currently involved with - Please support us.
IN THE LOOP is a new project that we are undertaking with support from Alan James at Scorpion Technology. The idea is to bring communities closer together using radio... We are planning to supply a small group of local people with PMR walkie talkie radios. The benefit of these small radios is they can be carried in a pocket, will have the ability to communicate with other people around
the village as a form of emergency communication and a simple means of having a chat with your neighbours.
Once charged there are no running costs, no topping up and no worry of running up a large bill. These radios can ba a lifeline for elderly residents confined to their homes.
All donations greatly appreciated.


Apple Watch just got even better as it receives a new gesture-sensing band! The newly added feature allows users to access and activate the wearable tech without even touching the device's screen.
According to Engadget' latest report, people with cognitive and physical disabilities, such as ALS, are having a hard time using touch screen devices.
This might just change since Apple Watch receives the new Mudra Band. This new gesture-sensing band will be introduced in the upcoming CES 2021 Innovation Award event.
Giuliano J. de Leon, Tech Times


Vodafone has shown interest in the purchase of Cable & Wireless Worldwide PLC headquartered in Bracknell, United Kingdom for 38 pence per share. Cable & Wireless is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
The deal is expected to increase the presence of Vodafone in the UK, making it the largest telecom supplier there. The purchase is expected to see some £1.044bn being paid for the ailing Cable & Wireless.
Vodafone Europe B.V. and Cable & Wireless Worldwide PLC announced on the CWW website, that they have reached agreement on the terms of a recommended cash offer to which Vodafone will acquire the entire issued and to be issued ordinary share capital of CWW.
Share price information for Cable & Wireless Worldwide (C&WW) at last close on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) saw a yesterday's close of 35.90 pence. What does such an acquisition mean for the Caribbean region and especially Barbados?
From the point of view of Cable & Wireless Communication (C&WC) share standing in Barbados, the company has been trading at £1.63, or BDS$5.34, at close yesterday.
In 2010 Cable & Wireless demerged and became two companies.
The larger entity, Cable & Wireless Worldwide (CWW), focuses on telecoms services to business, mostly in the UK, whereas Cable & Wireless Communications (CWC), runs consumer telecoms services in 38 territories outside the UK.
Cable & Wireless Worldwide and Cable & Wireless Communication are sister companies but is believe to operate under different management. The CWC which operates LIME is not expected to be part of the Vodafone sale.
CWC operates as LIME in many areas of the Caribbean with the exception of the Bahamas where it operates as BTC, and Trinidad and Tobago, where it operates as TSTT, majority government owned.
CWC operates businesses in the Caribbean, Panama, Macau plus Monaco and Islands, all headquartered at our offices in London.
Vodafone Global Enterprise has a presence in over 65 countries, and is a worldwide player, but for us in the region it should have little effect on us.
According to Wikipedia, Vodafone was implicated in the violent suppression of pro-democracy protests in Egypt's 2011 demonstrations. On 27 January, Vodafone, responsible for much of Egypt's telecommunication infrastructure, shut off all voice and data services for Egyptian citizens and businesses at the request of the Egyptian Government under Hosni Mubarak.
Japan is one of the players within the world market which determines the pr ...


Hanergy Completes Acquisition of Alta Devices
Plans to accelerate commercialization of the world’s most efficient(30.8%)thin film solar technology
[Beijing, August 13], 2014 – Hanergy Holding Group Limited (“Hanergy”, the “Company” or the “Group”), a multinational clean-energy power generator and the world’s leading thin-film solar company, today announced that it has completed the acquisition of Alta Devices, whose thin film solar technology has a conversion efficiency of 30.8%, the highest among the solar energy technologies currently available in the world.
Chairman and CEO of Hanergy Li Hejun said, “Alta Devices’ thin film solar technology allows more energy to be produced in lower light conditions than any other type of solar cell, giving it greater potential to power a wide range of mobile devices and equipment from phones to cars. It has the potential to change the way solar energy is used. This acquisition advances Hanergy’s goal to become the world leader in the solar technology of the future.”
Chris Norris, President and CEO of Alta Devices, said, “This successful acquisition is built upon Alta Devices’ and Hanergy’s shared belief that flexible, thin-film solar technology represents the future of the solar industry. The combination of our world-class solar cell R&D capability and Hanergy’s technology, research and capital resources will help us further improve the performance of our technology, increase production capacity and expand applications.”
Both companies’ R&D teams will join forces to further develop Alta Devices’ technology to serve the mobile and wearable tech market with reliable, high-efficiency solar-power solutions and applications. The acquisition will build on Hanergy’s continuous efforts in recent years to enhance thin-film solar innovation, and improve the efficiency and applicability of clean energy through the integration of world-leading thin-film solar technologies.
In particular, Hanergy plans to actively expand the application of Alta Devices’ products in various mobile power application areas, ranging from emergency charging of mobile phones, to the automotive sector and the Internet of Things.
Alta Devices’ use of gallium arsenide (GaAs) allows its dual- and single-junction solar cells to produce record-breaking conversion efficiencies of 30.8% and 28.8% respectively, as certified by the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
On a same surface area basis, its cells produce a power output two to three times higher than standard flexible thin-film cells, 8% higher than mass-produced monocrystalline silicon cells, and 10% higher than multicrystalline silicon cells.
Alta Devices’ single-junction GaAs thin-film solar cells are already in production. Following the acquisition, Alta Devices will continue to operate independently as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hanergy. Hanergy will also work with Alta Devices to develop international markets and enhance its cooperation with key strategic customers.
In recognition of its uniquely innovative combination of high technology and energy, in 2014 Hanergy was the only Chinese energy company named among the “World’s Smartest Companies” by the MIT Technology Review, the world’s longest-running technology industry publication. In 2012 and 2013, the same publication named Alta Devices among the “World’s Most Disruptive Companies”.
Please also read the news at pv-magzine
About Alta Devices
Alta Devices holds world records for both cell and module conversion efficiency. It delivers the world’s most efficient, thin and flexible mobile power technology. Converting light into electricity, Alta's technology extends the energy source of a system, and in many cases, completely cuts the traditional power cord. The solution can be completely integrated into the final system, and is ideal for use in consumer electronics, automotive, remote exploration, or anywhere size, weight, and mobility matter.
Hanergy Holding Group Ltd. is China's largest private clean-energy power generation company, as well as the world's largest thin-film solar company.Established in 1994, the Company is headquartered in Beijing and has more than 8,000 employees. It has branches in several provinces in China as well as in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and other regions. Its businesses cover hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power generation. Since its establishment, Hanergy has been committed to "Clean Energy for a Better World? At present, its total installed capacity of hydropower project exceeds 6GW, and its total installed capacity of wind power projects is 131MW. In the field of solar energy, Hanergy has invested in the construction of thin-film solar industry R&D and manufacturing bases in Sichuan, Guangdong, Hainan, Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places, with a total production capacity of 3GW. Through global technical integration and independent innovation, Hanergy’s thin-film photovoltaic technology has reached international advanced levels, with the conversion efficiency of its copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) modules reaching 15.5%.Hanergy has entered into solar-power plant construction agreements that total a capacity of about 10GW. These projects are located in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Ningxia, Jiangsu, Hainan, Shandong, Hebei and other provinces as well as in European countries. Hanergy engages in the integration of the entire photovoltaic industry chain, covering R&D, high-end equipment manufacturing, PV module production and construction of photovoltaic power plants. For more information, please visit Hanergy


Intelliflo has partnered with cloud-based business communications provider, RingCentral, to bring communications capabilities, including secure automated call recording functionality, to its adviser management software, Intelligent Office (iO).
Advisers using the service will be able to replace their existing phone system and utilise their preferred iO storage system.
RingCentral integrates with other apps including Microsoft Outlook, Google Drive and Dropbox and allows remote access to business telephone numbers via laptop, mobile or tablet.
All calls received via the adviser’s central business telephone number will be automatically recorded. Mobile numbers can be linked through to the central business number so they are also recorded. All calls will be matched to the adviser’s individual client record within iO, stored securely and easily retrieved.
Rob Walton, Intelliflo’s COO, says: "We know MiFID II, due to become effective in January 2018, is likely to recommend that advisers record all phone calls with clients. Many financial services organisations already have this in place as standard. By integrating with RingCentral, we are equipping our clients with the tools to put secure call recording in place sooner rather than later and have peace of mind should MiFID II make this a requirement.
“One of the great advantages of the system is its ability to record mobile calls, so when advisers are out and about visiting clients or contacts, their office number can effectively follow them wherever they go so they never miss a call being recorded.”
David Lee, VP of Platform Products at RingCentral, comments: “Financial advisers need a comprehensive and secure communications solution they can rely on to conduct business. Intelliflo’s integration with RingCentral will provide financial customers with state-of-the-art communications capabilities, like call recording, that comply with industry standards and enhance workflow productivity."
A suite of tools and services, the RingCentral Connect Platform provides a developer portal, new set of APIs, SDKs, sandbox environment, and tutorials so developers can manage the full life cycle of custom applications.


Directed Electronics Avital 4103LX Remote Start System with 2 4-Button Remote
Directed Electronics Avital 4103LX Remote Start System with 2 4-Button Remote. Get the convenience of remote start with the smallest-size Avital remotes ever. Perfect for use with OEM keyless remotes integrated into the factory key. Long range remote start in a tiny package. A dedicated A-to-D converter samples your vehicle’s voltage hundreds of times each second, eliminating the need for a tachometer wire connection.
- This unit requires a BYPASS Module for installation
- Remote Start Vehicle System
- Includes (2) remote transmitters
- Panic mode will sound alarm (optional) and flash your parking lights
- Valet mode will not arm the security system with the remote transmitter / Valet take-over allows the vehicle to remain running after the key has been removed from the vehicle
- This system requires professional installation
- For most 2007 or newer vehicles additional accessories will be required
- The manufacturer only provides technical support to authorized dealers
- Keyless entry
- Remote start with two 4-button remotes
- D2D compatible
- Quickly connects your Avital system to other interface devices via D2D cables
- Extreme capacity remote start relays are built-in to Avital remote start systems.
- New! Virtual TachTM eliminates the need for a tach wire in most installations
- New! D2D serial data port for Xpresskits
- Superhet receiver (HX) for great range
- Two remotes with dedicated AUX outputs
- Lock, Unlock, Trunk Release, and Remote Start
- Outputs for optional Horn and Starter Kill/Anti-Grind relays
- XCR relays onbard
- 100% Brand New with Unopen box !!!
- Free shipping
What's in the Box!
Brand New Directed Electronics 4103LX Avital 4103LX Remote Start System


The Positive Power Mobile Media Personal Media / Public Good
So far we have proved the technology. We have the capability to send text, audio, video, whatever to devices that you can carry in your pocket, palm, pack, or purse. Now it is time for mobile media to prove its value. Can video delivered to your cell make a difference in your life? Can cell phone video make your community stronger? Can this most personal of media be used for public good?
All of the mobile media producers were given a social issue/challenge/problem important to Athens (substance abuse, persistent poverty, ethnic divides, substance abuse, AIDS, and smoking -- view the workshop themes). Each producer was teamed with local authorities with expertise on issue in the local context. The mobile media producers were then handed cell phone video cameras (the Nokia N90). In 10 hours, the Mobile Media Teams planned, shot, edited and published short video presentations addressing these social issues. As a producer, I was asked to examine the Aids problem and we decided to use video messaging to get the word out to be tested. Clicking on the cell phone will allow you to see the message.


32" Flexible Gooseneck microphone with USB connection. Clamps to any surface that is 2.25" thick.
Buddy Gooseneck microphones are in use throughout the US, Canada and Europe by customers with disabilities. When used in conjunction with speech recognition software such as Dragon NaturallySpeaking or Microsoft Speech Recognition, the high level of clarity and accuracy allows people with mobility or dexterity issues to easily control the computer or dictate using only their voice. Many disabled customers and their families appreciate the freedom and mobility that the Buddy Gooseneck can help provide.
- 30" Desktop Gooseneck Flexible microphone
- Now featuring our cutting-edge 7G technology!
- High quailty, noise cancelling microphone yields incredible results when used with popular speech recognition software
- The Buddy GooseneckMic 7G is equipped with an adjustable clamp to allow the microphone to be secured to virtually any flat surface
- Attach the Buddy GooseneckMic 7G to your desk or chair to create your ideal setup for dictation or speech recognition
- Plug & Play design means there is no need for additional drivers or software
The Insync Buddy Gooseneck is a highly accurate dictation in moderately noisy environments (TV or Music playing in the background). The sensitive microphone can be used from 2" to 6" away from the microphone end. As with any handheld microphone, do not turn your head while talking.
Includes a clamp, which can be used to clamp the Gooseneck microphone to a surface with up to 2.25" thickness.
Includes a unidirectional microphone element to provide clear audio signal from 1” to 9” range from the front of the element yet providing a speech signal comparable to headset microphones. This yields extremely high recognition accuracy in the high nineties with Dragon NaturallySpeaking, which is comparable to good quality headsets.
- 30" Gooseneck Microphone
- Microphone Desk Clamp
- USB - extended USB adapter/cable, 6 feet.
Operating System Requirements
Windows XP SP2 or higher, Windows Vista and Windows 7, Mac OS 10.4 and Linux 2.6 or higher


Facebook has recently announced the arrival of the Facebook Portal TV, which can be quite helpful for video chats. Basically, this portal TV is a connection device, which can be connected to the television via HDMI port. The company is introducing more 3 smart video chat devices which would be made available alongside the Portal TV. The sale of Portal TV would start on 5th of November, and one can buy it for $149, which is quite cheap.
For the device to work, one has to first connect it with the television and then sign into the Facebook accounts after which the user is ready to make a video call. The calls can be made in Messenger and WhatsApp. Since Whatsapp has the end-to-end encryption feature, one can be assured that the video calls won’t be used by the company for any kind of advertising or other purposes.
The design of the Portal TV is quite analogous to that of a Microsoft Kinect, except the Portal TV is slimmer than the later model. The TV has the feature of smart camera technology found in Facebook, which allows the user to zoom-in the video call. The device even has a recording feature, which might be used by the company for further improvisation.
To make a call, the user has to say “Hey Portal” and then ask the device to make the call to the required person. To disconnect the camera and microphone, one has to simply tap at the front of the device. Portal TV also allows the user to watch other streaming services like Netflix and various others. The device even has a “picture-in-picture” feature, where the user can make a video call and can watch other shows at the same time. Portal TV would be a hit among the families as it would help in making a video call where every member fits in the frame, which cannot happen in PC and laptops.


The Fall and Rise of Russian Electronic Warfare
A month into Russia’s invasion, Ukrainian troops stumbled upon a nondescript shipping container at an abandoned Russian command post outside Kyiv. They did not know it then, but the branch-covered box left by retreating Russian soldiers was possibly the biggest intelligence coup of the young war.
Inside were the guts of one of Russia’s most sophisticated electronic warfare (EW) systems, the
Krasukha-4. First fielded in 2014, the Krasukha-4 is a centerpiece of Russia’s strategic EW complement. Designed primarily to jam airborne or satellite-based fire control radars in the X- and Ku-bands, the Krasukha-4 Is often used alongside the Krasukha-2, which targets lower-frequency S-band search radars. Such radars are used on stalwart U.S. reconnaissance platforms, such as the E-8 Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) and Airborne Warning and Control System, or AWACS, aircraft.
And now Ukraine, including by extension its intelligence partners in NATO, had a Krasukha-4 to dissect and analyze.
That Russian troops would ditch the heart of such a valuable EW system was surprising in March, when Moscow was still making gains across the country and threatening Kyiv. Five months into the war, it is now apparent that Russia’s initial advance was already faltering when the Krasukha-4 was left by the roadside. With highways around Kyiv clogged by armored columns,
withdrawing units needed to lighten their load.
The abandoned Krasukha-4 was emblematic of the puzzling failure of Russian EW in the first few months of Russia’s invasion. After nearly a decade of owning the airwaves during a Moscow-backed insurgency in eastern Ukraine, EW was
not decisive when Russia went to war in February. The key questions now are, why was this so, what is next for Russian EW in this oddly anachronistic war, and how might it affect the outcome?
At least three of Russia’s five electronic warfare brigades are engaged in Ukraine. And with more exposure to NATO-supplied radios, experienced Russian EW operators who cut their teeth in Syria are beginning to detect and degrade Ukrainian communications.
Electronic warfare is a pivotal if invisible part of modern warfare. Military forces rely on radios, radars, and infrared detectors to coordinate operations and find the enemy. They use EW to control the spectrum, protecting their own sensing and communications while denying access to the electromagnetic spectrum by enemy troops.
U.S. military doctrine defines EW as comprising electronic attack (EA), electronic protection, and electronic support. The most familiar of these is EA, which includes jamming, where a transmitter overpowers or disrupts the waveform of a hostile radar or radio. For instance, the Russian
R-330Zh Zhitel jammer can reportedly shut down—within a radius of tens of kilometers—GPS, satellite communications, and cellphone networks in the VHF and UHF bands. Deception is also part of EA, in which a system substitutes its own signal for an expected radar or radio transmission. For example, Russian forces sent propaganda and fake orders to troops and civilians during the 2014–2022 insurgency in eastern Ukraine by hijacking the local cellular network with the RB-341V Leer-3 system. Using soldier-portable Orlan-10 drones managed by a truck-mounted control system, the Leer-3 can extend its range and impact VHF and UHF communications over wider areas.
The Zhitel jamming system can shut down, over tens of kilometers, GPS and satellite communications. This image shows the base of one of the four antennas in a typical setup.informnapalm.org
The converse of electronic attack is electronic support (ES), which is used to passively
detect and analyze an opponent’s transmissions. ES is essential for understanding the potential vulnerabilities of an adversary’s radars or radios. Therefore, most Russian EA systems include ES capabilities that allow them to find and quickly characterize potential jamming targets. Using their ES capabilities, most EA systems can also geolocate enemy radio and cellphone transmissions and then pass that information on so that it can be used to direct artillery or rocket fire—with often devastating effects.
A few Russian systems conduct ES exclusively; one example is the
Moskva-1, which is a precision HF/VHF receiver that can use the reflections of TV and radio signals to conduct passive coherent location or passive radar operations. Basically, the system picks up the radio waves of commercial TV and radio transmitters in an area, which will reflect off targets like ships or aircraft. By triangulating among multiple sets of received waves, the target can be pinpointed with sufficient accuracy to track it and, if needed, shoot at it.
Key Russian Electronic Warfare Systems Deployed in Ukraine
Electronic Warfare System
Targets X-band and K
u-band radars, particularly on planes, drones, missiles, and low-orbit satellites
|Consists of two KamAZ-6350 trucks, one a command post and the other outfitted with sensors
|Targets S-band radars, particularly on airborne platforms. Often used paired with the Krasukha-4
|Also based on two KamAZ-6350 trucks
|Disrupts VHF and UHF communications, including cellular communications and military radios, over hundreds of kilometers
|Consists of a truck-based command post that works with Orlan-10 drones to extend its range
|Jammer; can shut down GPS and satellite communications over a radius of tens of kilometers
|Consists of a truck command post and four telescopic-mast phased-array antennas
|Long-range detection and jamming of HF military radios
|Russian sources claim it can jam communications thousands of kilometers away
|VHF/UHF jammer that targets wireless and wired communications
|Consists of either a truck or a tracked vehicle and a towed 16-kilowatt generator
|SPN-2, 3, 4
X- or K
u-band jammers that target airborne radars and air-to-surface guidance-control radars
|Consists of a combat-control vehicle and an antenna vehicle
|Weighs more than 20 tonnes
|Precision HF/VHF receiver for passive coherent location of enemy ships and planes
|Published sources cite a range of up to 400 kilometers
Sources: Wikipedia; Military Factory;
Global Defence Technology; U.S. Army; Air Power Australia; U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command; Russian Electronic Warfare: The Role of Electronic Warfare in the Russian Armed Forces, Jonas Kjellén, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), 2018; Defence24
Russia uses specialized electronic-warfare units to conduct its EA and ES operations. In its
ground forces, dedicated EW brigades of several hundred soldiers are assigned to the five Russian military districts—West, South, North, Central, and East—to support regional EW operations that include disrupting enemy surveillance radars and satellite communication networks over hundreds of kilometers. EW brigades are equipped with the larger Krasukha-2 and -4, Leer-3, Moskva-1, and Murmansk-BN systems (the latter of which detects and jams HF radios). Each Russian army maneuver brigade also includes an EW company of about 100 personnel that is trained to support local actions within about 50 kilometers using smaller systems, like the R-330Zh Zhitel.
Militaries use electronic protection (EP), also known as electronic countermeasures, to defend against EA and ES. Long considered an afterthought by western forces after the Cold War, EP has risen again to be perhaps the most important aspect of EW as Russia and China field increasingly sophisticated jammers and sensors. EP includes tactics and technologies to shield radio transmissions from being detected or jammed. Typical techniques include using narrow beams or low–power transmissions, as well as advanced waveforms that are resistant to jamming.
Experts have long touted Russia as having some of the most experienced and best-equipped EW units in the world. So in the early days of the 24 February invasion, analysts expected Russian forces to quickly gain control of, and then dominate, the electromagnetic spectrum. Since the annexation of Crimea in 2014, EW has been a key part of Russian operations in the “gray zone,” the shadowy realm between peace and war, in the Donbas region. Using Leer-3 EW vehicles and Orlan-10 drones, Moscow-backed separatists and mercenaries would jam Ukrainian communications and send propaganda over local mobile-phone networks. When Russian forces were ready to strike, the ground and airborne systems would detect Ukrainian radios and target them with rocket attacks.
But after nearly a decade of rehearsals in eastern Ukraine, when
the latest escalation and invasion began in February, Russian EW was a no-show. Ukrainian defenders did not experience the jamming they faced in the Donbas and were not being targeted by drones or ground-based electronic surveillance. Although Russian forces did blow up some broadcast radio and television towers, Ukraine’s leaders continued to reach the outside world unimpeded by Russian EW.
Using counter-drone systems provided by the United States before the invasion, Ukrainian troops have downed hundreds of Russian drones by jamming their GPS signals or possibly by damaging their electronics with high-powered microwave beams.
gaining the upper hand now, having consolidated control in Ukraine’s east and south as the invaded country begins running out of soldiers, weapons, and time. With more defined front lines and better logistics support from their homeland, Russian troops are now using their EW systems to guide artillery and rocket strikes. But instead of being the leading edge of Russia’s offensive, EW is coming into play only after Moscow resorted to siege tactics that call to mind the origins of EW in World War I.
The RF spectrum was a lot less busy then. Commanders used their new radios to coordinate troop movements and direct fire and employed early passive direction-finding equipment to locate or listen to enemy radio transmissions. While communications jamming emerged at the same time, it was not widely employed. Radio operators realized that simply keying their systems could send out a blast of white noise to drown the transmissions of other radios operating at the same frequencies. But this tactic had limited operational value, because it also prevented forces doing the jamming from using the same radio frequencies to communicate. Moreover, warfare happened slowly enough that the victim could simply wait out the jammer.
Thus, World War I EW was exemplified by passive detection of radio transmissions and infrequent, rudimentary jamming. The shift to more sophisticated EW systems and tactics occurred with World War II, when technological advances made airborne radars and jammers practical, better tuners allowed jamming and communicating on separate frequencies, and the increased tempo of warfare gave combatants an incentive to not just jam enemy transmissions but to intercept and exploit them as well.
Consider the Battle of Britain, when the main
challenge for German pilots was reaching the right spot to drop their bombs. Germany used a radio-beacon system it called Knickebein (“crooked leg” in English) to guide its bombers to British aircraft factories, which the British countered with fake beacons that they code-named Aspirin. To support British warplanes attacking Germany in 1942, the Royal Air Force (RAF) fielded the GEE hyperbolic radio navigation system that allowed its bomber crews to use transmissions from British ground stations to determine their in-flight positions. Germany countered with jammers that drowned out the GEE transmissions.
The World War II EW competition
extended to sensing and communication networks. RAF and U.S. bombers dispensed clouds of metallic chaff called Window that confused German air-defense radars by creating thousands of false radar targets. And they used VHF communication jammers, which the British called Jostle, to interfere with German ground controllers attempting to vector fighters toward allied bombers.
The move-countermove cycle accelerated in response to Soviet military aggressions and advances in the 1950s. Active countermeasures such as jammers or decoys proliferated, thanks to technological advances that enabled EW systems with greater power, wider frequency ranges, and more complex waveforms, and which were small enough to fit aircraft as well as ships.
Later, as Soviet military sensors, surface-to-air missiles, and antiship cruise missiles grew in their sophistication and numbers, the U.S. Department of Defense sought to break out of the radar-versus-electronic-attack competition by leveraging emerging materials, computer simulation, and other technologies. In the years since, the U.S. military has developed multiple generations of stealth aircraft and ships with severely reduced radio-frequency, infrared, acoustic, and visual signatures. Russia followed with its own stealth platforms, albeit more slowly after the Soviet Union’s collapse.
But today, years of underfunded aviation training and maintenance and the rapid introduction by NATO of Stinger shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles have largely grounded Russian jets and helicopters during the Ukraine invasion. So when Russian troops crossed the border, they faced a situation not unlike the armies of World War I.
Without airpower, the Russian assault crawled at the speed of their trucks and tanks. And although they proved effective in the Donbas during the last decade, Russian drones are controlled by line-of-sight radios operating in the
Ka– and Ku-bands, which prevented them from straying too far from their operators on the ground. With Russian columns moving along multiple axes into Ukraine and unable to send EW drones well over the horizon, any jamming of Ukrainian forces, some of which were interspersed between Russian formations, would have also taken out Russian radios.
Russian EW units did use Leer-3 units to find Ukrainian fighters via their radio and cellphone transmissions, as they had in the Donbas. But unlike Ukraine’s rural east, the areas around Kyiv are relatively densely populated. With civilian cellphone transmissions mixed in with military communications, Russian ES systems were unable to pinpoint military transmitters and use that information to target Ukrainian troops. Making matters worse for the Russians, Ukrainian forces also began using the NATO Single-Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System, or
Ukrainian troops had trained for a decade with SINCGARS, but the portable VHF combat radios were scarce until the lead-up to the Russian invasion, when the flood of NATO support sent SINCGARS radios to nearly every Ukrainian ground unit. Unlike Ukraine’s previous radios, which were Russian-built and included
backdoors for the convenience of Russian intelligence, SINCGARS have built-in encryption. To protect against jamming and interception, SINCGARS automatically hops among frequencies up to 100 times a second across its overall coverage of 30 to 88 megahertz. Because SINCGARS can control signals within 25-kilohertz bands, the user can select among more than 2,000 channels.
As in World War I, the lack of airpower also affected the speed of conflict. The widely circulated videos of Russian armored convoys stuck along the roads around Kyiv were a stark reminder that ground operations can only move as fast as their fuel supply. In World War II and the Cold War, bombing missions and other air operations happened so quickly that even if jamming impacted friendly forces, the effect would be temporary, as the positions of jammers, jamming targets, and bystanders would quickly change. But when Russian forces were trundling toward the urban areas of northern Ukraine, they were going so slowly that they were unable to exploit changing geometries to get their jammers into positions from which they could have substantial effects. At the same time, Russian troops were not sitting still, which prevented them from setting up a large system like the Krasukha-4 to blind NATO radars in the air and in space.
Russian EW is gaining an advantage only now because Moscow’s strategy of quickly taking Kyiv failed, and it shifted to a grinding war of attrition in Ukraine’s south.
So what’s next? The Kremlin’s fortunes have improved now that its soldiers are fighting from Russian-held territory in Ukraine’s east. No longer spread out along multiple lines in suburban areas, invading troops are now able to use EW to support a strategy of incrementally gaining territory by finding Ukrainian positions and overwhelming them with Russia’s roughly 10-to-1 advantage in artillery.
As of this writing, at least three of Russia’s five EW brigades are engaged in Ukraine. And with more exposure to NATO-supplied radios, experienced Russian EW operators who cut their teeth in the last decade of war in Syria are beginning to
detect and degrade Ukrainian communications. EW brigades are using the Leer-3’s Orlan-10 drones to detect Ukrainian artillery positions based on their radio emissions, although the encryption and frequency hopping of SINCGARS radios makes them hard to intercept and exploit. Because the front lines are now better defined compared to the early war around Kyiv, Russian forces can assume the detections are from Ukrainian military units and direct artillery and rocket fire against those locations.
Russian troops are using Orlan-10 drones [foreground] in conjunction with the Leer-3 electronic-warfare system (which includes the truck in the background) to identify and attack Ukrainian units. iStockphoto
The Krasukha-4, which was too powerful and unwieldy to be useful during the assault on Kyiv, is also making a reappearance. Exploiting Russia’s territorial control in the Donbas, EW brigades are using the Krasukha-4 to
jam the radars on such Ukrainian drones as the Bayraktar TB2, and to interfere with their communication links, preventing Ukrainian forces from locating Russian artillery emplacements.
To gain flexibility and mobility leading up to the invasion, the Russian army broke its 2,000-soldier maneuver brigades into smaller battalion tactical groups (BTGs) of 300 to 800 personnel in such a way that each included a portion of the original maneuver brigade’s EW company. Today, BTGs operating in southern and eastern Ukraine are employing shorter-range VHF-UHF electronic attack systems like the R-330Zh Zhitel to disable Ukrainian drones ranging from Bayraktar TB2s to small DJI Mavics by jamming their GPS signals. BTGs are also attacking Ukrainian communications using R-934B VHF and SPR-2 VHF/UHF jammers, with some success. Although Ukrainian soldiers have SINCGARS radios, they still rely on vulnerable cellphones and radios without encryption or frequency hopping when SINCGARS is down or unavailable.
But Ukraine is fighting back against Russia’s spectrum assault. Using counter-drone systems
provided by the United States before the invasion, Ukrainian troops have downed hundreds of Russian drones by jamming their GPS signals or possibly by damaging their electronics with high-powered microwave beams, a specific type of EA where electromagnetic energy is used to generate high voltages in sensitive microelectronics that damage transistors and integrated circuits.
Ukrainian forces are also leveraging U.S.-supplied EW systems and
training to jam Russian communications. Unlike their Ukrainian counterparts, Russian troops do not have a system like SINCGARS and often rely on cellphones or unencrypted radios to coordinate operations, making them susceptible to Ukrainian geolocation and jamming. In this way, stabilization of the front lines also helps Ukraine’s EW efforts because it allows quick correlation of transmissions to locations. Ukraine’s defenders also exploited a weakness of the large and powerful Russian EW systems—they are easy to find. Using U.S.-supplied ES gear, Ukrainian troops have been able to detect transmissions from systems like the Leer-3 or Krasukha-4 and direct rocket, artillery, and drone counterattacks against the truck-borne Russian systems.
The Ukraine invasion shows EW can change the course of a war, but it’s also showing that the fundamentals still matter. Without airpower or satellite-guided drones, Russia’s army could not get jammers over the horizon to degrade Ukrainian communications and radars in advance of troops moving on Kyiv. Forced to use short-range unmanned aircraft and ground systems, Russian EW brigades operating with BTGs had to worry about interfering with friendly operations and could not distinguish Ukrainian troops from civilians. They also had to stay on the move, reducing the utility of their large multivehicle EW systems. Russian EW is gaining an advantage only now because Moscow’s strategy of quickly taking Kyiv failed, and it shifted to a grinding war of attrition in Ukraine’s south.
So for now, unable to reach over the horizon, Russian EW ground units can jam Ukrainian troops only when they are separated by clearly defined battle lines. They are relying on systems like the Leer-3 to find Ukrainian emissions so Russian artillery can then overwhelm the defenders with volleys of shells and rockets. Russian EW systems like the Krasukha-4 and R-330Zh Zhitel can disable GPS or radars on Ukrainian drones, but it’s not substantially different from shooting down aircraft with guns. And although ES systems like the Moskva-4 could hear signals over the horizon, Russia is
running out of the long-range missiles that could exploit such detections.
Perhaps the biggest lesson from Ukraine for EW is that winning the airwaves does not equal winning the war. Russia is on top of the EW war now only because its lighting assault became a pulverizing slog. The situation could quickly flip if Kyiv’s troops, with western support, regain control of Ukraine’s skies, where they could electronically and physically disrupt the management and logistics that keep Russia’s rickety war machine trundling along.


Hawk Farm Camera Systems
FSL supply and install Hawk Farm Camera Systems.
We have both wired and wireless options available, which can be accessed via internet or mobile phone. We have been supplying and installing farm camera systems for over twenty years.Our systems are suitable for cattle, horses and sheep. We also supply Farm Camera kits suitable for DIY installation. These can be installed to view an entrance or to view your front door.We link these cameras to a television system so that it can be viewed on any standard television set. All cameras have audio as standard.


We have an exciting opportunity to join a high performing and established team of IT professionals, responsible for the design, support, development and operation of the network infrastructure services that underpin all Cranfield University's IT services.
Supporting in excess of 1,600 staff and 4000 students. You will have the opportunity to implement network projects and assist researchers with the application of new innovative technologies.
You will ensure that the network infrastructure is highly available and secure, providing a quality platform for information systems and members of the University. You will use industry best practice methods and approaches to design, develop, test and implement changes to the network infrastructure that enhance and improve IT services as well as providing support to the service teams.
You will have worked in a similar role, designing, implementing and supporting network infrastructure services. Specialist knowledge of some specific networking technologies is required. Specific technologies include: IP networking protocols, switching, routing, 802.11 wireless systems, firewalls, network monitoring tools.
You will also have a degree in Computer Science (or related subject) or demonstrable equivalent experience, strong problem solving ability and good communications skills.
Excellent benefits including pension and generous leave entitlement.
Education / Qualifications
- Degree in Computer Science (or relevant subject) or equivalent demonstrable experience
- Relevant technical qualifications (e.g. CCNP, JNCP, CWNA)
- Specialist knowledge of specific network technologies
- Design, implementation and support of infrastructure systems
- Operating services within a large network infrastructure
- Network protocols
- 802.11 wireless systems
- Network monitoring tools
- Windows OS
- Intrusion Detection Systems
- System security tools
- Programming languages/scripting
- Extreme XOS
- HP Networking
- Data cabling
Skills / Aptitudes
- Ability to leverage appropriate technical tools to perform day-to-day administration tasks, root-cause analysis and service restoration (such as backup, restore, failover, log interpretation, and performance monitoring) for network systems
- Analytical skills to consider requirements in order to ensure complete and reliable solutions
- Ability to apply industry standard best practice in designing infrastructure solutions
- Good interpersonal skills ensuring users ranging from administrative staff to senior level executives articulate their requirements, explaining complex issues,
- Ability to convert business requirements into technical specifications and appropriate application
- providing training for systems and functionality.
- Ability to work at a high level of accuracy at the detail level to rigid and sometimes tight deadlines is critical to this role.
- Proactive team player with an enthusiasm for problem solving, planning and prioritising a complex and varied workload
- Excellent time-management


Meicheng Multimedia Recorder (MMR) DSS-R-CL1100 or you can call it VGA Recorder; can help instructors to accumulate their course knowledge rapidly in a short time without any technological skills. We have received inquiries from many domestic and oversea education institutes. With the ability to broadcast high resolution, high quality video at up to 30 frames per second, along with support for a stereo audio, MMR makes the ideal presentation solution.
No software is required; no hardware needs to be setup.
Meicheng Multimedia Recorder (MMR) is a special hardware device used for recording high-definition DVI/VGA, video, and audio source simultaneously. VGA Recorder supports encoding of 720p/ 1080i/ 1080p high-definition video signal and 1400 X 1050 VGA signal. MMR features stability, reliability, high definition, low bit rate and low delay.
VGA Recorder can be extensively used in applications where the collection and IP network-based transmission of high-definition video signals and VGA signals are required. Meicheng VGA Multimedia Recorder satisfies the application for recording presentations, conferences, classroom, enterprise webcasting, training, monitoring and surveillance.


PCB and LED
With the innovation of science and technology, we get to see more simplified and easy to use inventions every day. One of the inventions is the Printed Circuit Board, it using conductive tracks to connect various components of the board, and mechanically supporting these components. Because of the advantage of making more complex and large scale circuits with less apace and material, printed circuit boards are widely used in industrial control, communication equipment, medical equipment, and automobile electronics.
An LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a two-lead semiconductor device that emits light when the current passes through it in a certain direction. Because this device’s configuration is limited to one direction, in some cases LEDs can be used to make patterns or provide indication signals. With the development of technology, modern LEDs not only can provide high intensity and very bright light, but also provide many types, such as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light.
After understood the concept behind PCBs and LEDs, the next step is come to LED PCBs. Basically an LED PCB can be defined as an LED soldered into a PCB as a chip that lights up whenever the circuit is connected in a certain way. These type of PCBs normally also hold a thermal sink and a ceramic base to hold the circuit in place and allow smooth running of the circuit. The thermal sink is a necessity because an LED tends to produce high amounts of heat, which could potentially damage the PCB and the device in which the circuit is connected.
Because of the high levels of heat produced by LEDs, these devices are preferred to be attached to printed circuit boards that have a metal base. The metal based boards have the ability to quickly dissipate heat and to be a better option for designer. Normally, an aluminum based printed circuit board is preferred, it normally also contains a thin layer of dielectric that allows quicker heat dissipation.
LED PCBs are becoming the go to solution for lighting purposes for a number of reasons. Firstly, as discussed earlier, the LED designs today are available not only for high quality and high intensity purposes but are also available in visible, infrared and ultraviolet light. Secondly, more flexible for design of PCBs. Thirdly, they are easy to use and cost effective as compared to other options that provide similar functioning. Last but not least, LEDs offer greater energy efficiency as well. Some applications of LED printed circuit boards include: street lights, lighting used in field of runways or military, flashlights and lanterns, hospital operating room lighting, vehicle headlights, etc.
Understanding the immeasurable importance of LED printed circuit boards in the electronics and circuit board industry, the next question is where to get the best LED printed circuit boards. At MSK PCB, the leading LED printed circuit board and PCBA manufacturer, you are guaranteed to get the best price and quality. To know more about LED printed circuit boards, welcome to contact us via firstname.lastname@example.org.


With the rapid development of the network, users are often faced with the choice of manual IP replacement or IP proxy replacement when solving network problems. Both are common approaches, but each has different advantages and disadvantages. The following will analyze the manual IP exchange and IP proxy IP exchange from many aspects, so that users can make an informed choice.
Manual IP replacement
Manual IP change is a method of manually changing network Settings or restarting a device to switch IP addresses. This approach has some advantages, such as direct control and free of charge, but it also has some disadvantages.
On the one hand, manual IP change allows users to directly control the timing and manner of IP change. Users can immediately change IP addresses based on their needs and preferences, without relying on third-party tools or services. This direct control enables users to make timely adjustments according to the specific situation and respond more flexibly to different network requirements.
Manual IP changes, on the other hand, are usually free. The user can complete the IP change through simple operation steps without paying additional fees. This is an affordable option for those who want to save costs or only need to change IP occasionally.
However, manual IP replacement also has some disadvantages to consider. First of all, manual IP replacement can be tedious. Users need to manually modify network Settings, restart devices, or perform other actions to complete the IP change, which takes a certain amount of time and effort. Especially for users who are less familiar with network Settings, it may take more time and effort to complete the operation.
Second, the available IP resources for manual IP replacement are limited. The network environment in which the user resides may only provide limited IP address resources, which may prevent the user from obtaining multiple available IP addresses for replacement. If IP addresses need to be changed frequently or a large number of IP addresses are required, manual IP address change may not meet the requirements.
Finally, manual IP replacement can be a security issue. During the process of manually changing the IP address, the user's real IP address may be exposed, especially during network interaction. This can put users at risk of being tracked, monitored or attacked. For those users with high security requirements, manual IP replacement may not provide sufficient anonymity and security.
Manual IP replacement has the advantages of direct control and free of charge, but it also has disadvantages such as cumbersome, limited IP resources, and security problems. When choosing an IP replacement method, users should consider these factors according to their own needs and circumstances to find the most suitable solution for them. For users who need to change IP frequently and pursue a high degree of anonymity and security, using a professional IP proxy service may be a better choice.
IP proxy Changes IP addresses
IP proxy IP address change is implemented by using a proxy server. The proxy server sends the request to the target server using a different IP address to implement IP change. The advantages of IP proxy IP switching include:
High anonymity: IP proxy IP exchange can hide the real IP address of the user, providing high anonymity and protecting the privacy and security of the user.
Multiple IP addresses: IP agents usually provide a large number of proxy IP addresses for users to choose from, and users can switch to different IP addresses according to their needs.
Stability and reliability: High-quality IP proxy providers typically have stable connectivity and availability, and users can rely on them for stable network access and data crawling.
However, IP proxy IP switching also has some disadvantages:
Paying: There is usually a fee to use a high-quality IP proxy, especially for stable and highly cryptic proxy IP services.
May be restricted: Certain websites or services may restrict or block proxy IP addresses, preventing users from accessing or using specific resources.
Uneven quality: There are various IP proxy service providers with different quality on the market, and improper selection may lead to the use of low-quality proxy IP, which affects the effect of network access and data crawling.
To sum up, users need to weigh their advantages and disadvantages when choosing between manual IP replacement or IP proxy IP replacement. For users who need to change IP frequently and pursue a high degree of anonymity and stability, IP proxy IP change may be a better choice. For some simple network needs or cases where users are cost-sensitive, manual IP replacement may be a more practical and economical option. When selecting IP proxy services, users should pay attention to selecting high-quality service providers to ensure stable, secure, and demand-compliant proxy IP services.


The message helper
Flash is capable of handling multiple flash messages (of one kind).
Additionally, they now could be sorted by desired priority (instead of appearing at random).
You can customize the order with the
order config of the helper.
Auto-sorted exampleThe above output has the following code in the controller:
$this->Flash->warning('This is a warning...'); $this->Flash->error('An error occurred somewhere'); $this->Flash->warning('This is a second very interesting warning'); $this->Flash->success('Good Job :) You did it'); $this->Flash->info('I am some info message for you');


Communication is one of the major aspect to run any business. The unified communication and collaboration solutions provided by Techland IT Solutions Limited will resolve your problems and expand your accessibility not only Intra-organizational but Inter-organizational as well.
Unified Communication and Collaboration Solutions
- Unified Communications – We consolidate your voice, video, data, and mobile devices for collaboration.
- Contact Center – We deliver customer centric results which strengthen your business relations with customers.
- Conferencing – We provide state-of-the-art video and audio conferencing solutions coupled with maximum security with omnipresence.
- Endpoints – We provide vast and expanded endpoints solutions, from IP phones and video units to web, mobile and desktop clients.
We offer round-the-clock support for all your business needs and service levels to meet your expectations.


The fifth-generation network, also known as 5G, is a digital cellular frequency network operating with new technology and is set to start operating around the world soon.
.The articles she reviews indicate that she can provide information to more consumers at one time, the faster data transfer rate, and shorten the delay in data transfer. Alongside this, some writers also warn of its potential health implications. Is the new network in danger?
What is a cellular network?
A cellular radio network allows the use of the telephone to receive and transmit radio waves. Cell phones do not communicate with each other directly, but with an extensive network of antennas.
The name “cellular” derives from the fact that each antenna is capable of receiving and transmitting or otherwise communicating, with the cellular devices located in a small area around it. This area is called a cell
Briefly, the phone transmits information to the antenna in its transmission area, and the antenna transmits the information to the network’s central router.
The router in turn transmits the information through the wired telephone network to the appropriate destination, or in case the recipient is also a mobile device, to an antenna that provides it with reception.
If we move while we use the cellular network, and move from one cell to our neighbor, then the cellular network can transfer the communication to the new cell we entered.
It does this by switching to the appropriate communication frequency, as adjacent cells use other frequencies to prevent communication interruptions.
The addition of necessary antennas and the shift to higher frequencies raise concerns about potential health hazards to users of the new communications network.
however, the evidence suggests that the concerns are unfounded.
First, it must be understood that radiation is an emission of energy from any source. Your body heat is also a type of radiation, as is the light that comes into our eyes.
It is customary to divide radiation into two types according to its frequency: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation.
Only ionizing radiation has enough energy to dissociate electrons from atoms, so it is in danger: it can cause changes in our DNA that will cause diseases like cancer.
What about cellphones?
Cell phones – including those of the fifth generation – use the second type of radiation, non-ionizing radiation.
This radiation does not have enough energy to dissociate electrons from atoms, so its only effect on our bodies is heating, much like what a home microwave oven does – but much weaker than that.
Still, concerns over the negative health effects of the new fifth-generation network technology are emerging. These allegations are partly wrong and overstated or not based on the other.
When taking most research into account
there seems to be no conclusive evidence of real health hazards due to the use of non-ionizing radiation. Since the fifth-generation cellular technology is still new, further research is needed to examine its long-term impact on public health.
If you’re still worried, embrace the precautionary principle and reduce your exposure to cellular radiation – and go to sleep when the phone is on the nightstand near your head. Such a step will also give you more correct sleeping habits and may contribute to quality sleep.
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New Delhi. Satellite broadband service may soon become the next area of competition among service providers. The new entrant in this space is expected to be the Tata Group in partnership with the Canadian company Telesat. According to media reports, Tata Group’s Nelco company (Nelco ltd) is in talks with Telesat to bring lightspeed satellite broadband services to India by 2024. The partnership talks between the two companies are reportedly in the final stages, it is being speculated that the trials for this service may start soon.
Telesat has satellite broadband plans
Telesat has a large satellite broadband plan, where it aims to invest around Rs 37,200 crore to set up 298 low earth orbit satellites. This satellite is expected to be more effective as compared to the traditional satellite, giving better network and faster speed. Satellite broadband services can act as a lifeline in difficult areas where wired internet services are hard to reach. Given the diversity of localities in India, services such as Lightspeed by Telesat and Starlink by Elon Musk are expected to be major connectivity resources.
Musk’s Starlink clash
Musk’s Starlink has already started pre-bookings for its service, which is expected to launch by 2022 with an average connection bandwidth of around 150 Mbps. Bharti Airtel is also pushing for OneWeb satellite internet service to start from 2022, while Jeff Bezos’s company Amazon may also enter this segment with its satellite broadband services. India is one of the largest internet users in the world, which is expected to increase the demand for such services in marginal areas.
Jio’s important contribution in the world of internet
India is one of the biggest areas of growth for Internet services, with a significant segment of the population still in need of stable and high-speed connectivity. The country saw a huge increase in the number of internet users due to Reliance Jio, which significantly reduced the cost of mobile internet and also expanded the areas of connectivity. Jio forced other telecom operators to think in this segment as well, making India one of the most affordable countries in the world in terms of internet connectivity.


Following this week’s WWDC, we are seeing now more than ever that voice interfaces are pioneering their own method of marketing and — with that — Voice Interface Optimization is the wave of the future.
Though still in its infancy — Voice Interface Optimization is reaching greater heights and becoming a more meaningful and intricate part of consumer’s lives.
Lineup of Amazon Echo Family Products
Voice interfaces are showing up everywhere, most notably in intelligent speakers like Apple HomePod, Google Home, and the Amazon Echo. That said, the standards for this kind of interaction are still being ironed out, and the tools for brand differentiation are still fairly rough.
ComScore predicting that half of all searches will be voice searches by 2020.
Darin Reffitt, VP of Splice Software has made suggestions about things marketers can do now. His Canada based company creates interactive voice messaging for brands across all kinds of devices.


An uninterrupted power supply (UPS) system is one of the most important aspects of maintaining stability in your business operations, especially leading into the winter months where there may be an increased risk of disruptions to your power supply.
UPS systems are designed to provide clean, uninterrupted power to sensitive electronic equipment by filtering out disruptive line noise and voltage fluctuations.
To ensure that your UPS system can provide enough backup power for your equipment, some factors should be considered when sizing a UPS system, including:
- The total amount of wattage required by the equipment to be powered by the UPS.
- The length of time that backup power will be required.
- The number of outlets needed.
- The type of batteries used.
Advantages of a UPS System
There are many advantages of using a UPS system, including:
- Continuous Power – UPS systems provide a continuous supply of power in the event of a mains failure. It also maintains power between mains failure and generator start up. So as the battery kicks in, all your business devices that are attached will remain up and running. You will avoid any kind of data loss while working midway.
- Surge protection – UPS systems monitor the incoming voltage and identifies spikes and surges with outages. When it detects a problem, the UPS system switches to AC power to prevent the spike from reaching the devices connected to it. When the spike is gone, the UPS reconnects the output to the mains power.
- Unforeseen costs – Power outages can affect business activities across a variety of channels including sales, damage to critical equipment, data corruption and more. Investing in a UPS system can minimise these impacts and is also a predictable expense.
- Prevent loss to essential data – A UPS system can allow employees time to backup essential data and power down their workstations and servers, avoiding data loss.
Shanahan Power specialises in UPS Systems for businesses of all sizes across a range of industries – contact us to find out more about the range of UPS Systems available and advice on how to prepare your business for power outages.


First recipient of ‘Charles P. Pray Award’
RCA Fellow Don Pfohl, W7LPA, received an award from the Oregon State Police on Feb. 5, 2008. Don has worked for OSP for more than five years and has worked on radio systems for OSP, ODOT, Department of Forestry, and Department of Corrections. Additionally, he has provided public safety communications leadership and technical expertise for the cities of San Francisco, California and Mesa, Arizona. He also serves on a national committee that is developing communication system standards.
Oregon State Police Superintendent Timothy McLain presented the first “Charles P. Pray Award” to Don, who is the technical project manager for the Oregon Wireless Interoperability Network (OWIN). The OWIN project is the Oregon’s initiative to consolidate four state agency public safety radio systems and enable interoperable voice communication with other public safety agencies across the state. The new OSP award recognizes department employees whose body of work or career accomplishments have a significant effect on the department and establishes positive state, national or international recognition.