Posted by Paul Anderson
The hottest new thing in IT is IoT
It is a known fact: Technology plays a vital role in business. Irrespective of the type and size of the business – entrepreneurs are required to invest in some form of technologies to keep their business up and running. Over the course of time, this dependence has expanded to such an unsurmountable level that if technology is taken away from businesses for even a day – virtually all business operations around the globe will come to a halt. That’s the power!
As a result, every business entrepreneur needs to be vigilant of the changes happening in the technology world, to embrace it on time and flourish in this hyper-competitive age.
In this blog, we bring for you a detailed picture on one of the technologies that has taken over the world by storm. It is popularly referred to as IoT.
- The Internet of Things (IoT) will grow to 26 billion units in 2020 representing an almost 30-fold increase from 0.9 billion in 2009.
- IoT product and service suppliers will generate incremental revenue exceeding $300 billion, mostly in services, in 2020.
- IoT will result in $1.9 trillion in global economic value-add through sales into diverse end markets.
“The growth in IoT will far exceed that of other connected devices. By 2020, the number of smartphones tablets and PCs in use will reach about 7.3 billion units; in contrast, the IoT will have expanded at a much faster rate, resulting in a population of about 26 billion units at that time.”
Peter Middleton, research director at Gartner.
Most likely you have heard about the term IoT and its growing phenomenon. In case you haven’t: it stands for the Internet of Things – A phrase you’re going to hear a lot more in the coming years.
Why? Because it’s about to be the next big thing!
The growth of IoT
Internet of Things (IoT) (which is a proposed network of objects that have connectivity to send and receive data) has experienced an unprecedented growth.
In a report from Business Insider, the IoT will account for an increasingly huge number of connections: around 9 billion by 2018 – roughly equal to the number of smartphones, smart TVs, tablets, wearable computers, and PCs combined.
That’s because while IoT started off as a small blot in the IT sphere, it has radically grown into an extensive network of objects (embedded with sensors and connectivity tools) that intercommunicate with each other. Today IoT goes beyond traditional computing devices like computers-and-smartphones and rather covers billions of everyday devices, namely parking meters and home washing machines and so on.
As a result, IoT market value is bound to be massive, because it has started involving devices, sensors, and computing power that covers consumer space, business-to-business, and government industries. And that’s precisely why; Business Intelligence has predicted the following in relation to IoT device installation:
Most popular IoT Device Categories
While IoT devices range from consumer space and telecommuting support systems to insurance industries, BI Intelligence Report cites four main categories:
- Advertising and Marketing: Internet-connected billboards
- Traffic management: Intelligent Applications for toll-taking, congestion penalties and parking space management
- Waste management: IoT technology to track factories that exceed waste limits
- Electricity Grids: Technology that proactively adjust energy usage.
- Water systems and Meters: Sensor-based pumps and other water infrastructure
- Internet-managed assembly lines, connected factories, and warehouses, etc.
What benefits are fueling the explosion of IoT?
Investing a ton of money to connect things to the Internet is history now. Internet of Things provides a highly cost-effective, flexible and easy-to-use platform that can be used to build a new generation of connected devices.
As a result, at the expense of a few dollars, companies are churning out IoT devices in relation to fields like energy management and home automation. These Internet-enabled devices (embedded with microcontrollers and wireless technology) can interact seamlessly with other objects, thereby delivering a broad-range of benefits to consumers.
For instance, this ‘always connected experience’ is changing the way consumers control their surroundings. From thermostats and lighting to home appliances, consumers are comfortably managing all these with remote access.
2. Big Data and Analytics
The rollout of Internet of Things will have data spewing from all directions. There’ll be ten hundred new avenues that will incessantly stream raw chunks of data.
Imagine the high-level information companies will gain from all these real-time data feeds. As per the requirement, companies can crunch the data to reveal new insights to make smarter decisions.
For instance, governments can program the streetlights to dim slowly on occasions when the electric grid is facing high peak demand. How effective is that?
3. Societal Development
Internet of Things will fundamentally move the society forward. The objects will make substantial innovations to every area. Right from connected transport and parking systems to on-demand factory operations, together all this will carve a positive impact to the society and most importantly to the economy.
4. Industrial Development
Gartner speaks – Emerging areas will witness rapid growth of connected things. This will lead to improved safety, security and loss prevention. IoT will facilitate new business models, such as usage-based insurance calculated on real-time driving data. The banking and securities industry will continue to innovate around mobile and micropayment technology using convenient point-of-sale (POS) terminals and will invest in improved physical security systems.
IoT will also support a large range of health and fitness devices and services, combined with medical advances, leading to significant benefit to the healthcare sector. Emerging connected sensor technology will lead to value creation in utilities, transportation and agriculture. Most industries will also benefit from the generic technologies, in that their facilities will operate more efficiently through the use of smart building technology.
Tech Giants adopting the IoT technology
While IoT has been growing under the surface for the last couple of years, the real buzz about the Internet of things has taken off in 2014, when names like Google, Fitbit and Nike have joined this trend.
Google’s acquisition of smart thermostat and smoke alarm company Nest, or the advent of wearable devices like Fitbit, Nike FuelBand trackers and Google Glass has given IoT a kick start.
It’s a result of this that today you’ve the leading tech giants embracing this trend with open arms.
Folks like Cisco and General Electrics (GE) have ventured full force into the IoT space. Be it the robotic hospital systems of GE or Cisco’s “Internet of Everything” public sector projects – their initiatives are in full swing.
Asia-Pacific region has turned out to be leading spender on Internet of Things. Countries like India and China are pioneering in smartifying the formerly clunky industries.
Mr. Andrew Milroy, Senior Vice President, ICT Practice, Asia Pacific at Frost & Sullivan has stated –
“By 2017, the Internet of Things (IoT) market will be one of the fastest growing segments in the Asia Pacific technology industry. The total Asia Pacific spending on IoT is forecasted to be US$59 billion by 2020. This offers real opportunities, especially in areas of manufacturing and consumer technology, which are expected to be two of the fastest growing segments over the next two years.”
A famous Indian Tabloid has also declared the beginning of a New Indian IT arena with the Internet of Things.
The article states:
‘’After decades of low-margin work like server maintenance, India’s information technology service firms are moving upscale in search of lucrative contracts for driverless cars and other advanced projects as online innovation changes clients’ needs.
Companies from Tata Consultancy Services to Wipro are all joining Infosys in investing in new, high-end technology. Wipro is building computing systems designed to mimic human decision-making abilities, where machines can understand and react to what human beings say to them. HCL Technologies, meanwhile, is using robotics to do away with manual testing of hardware.
Indian companies are also looking to collaborate with startups to jointly develop solutions for clients and in some cases are also eyeing takeover opportunities to get access to skills needed to win these contracts.
CP Gurnani, chief executive of Tech Mahindra has stated. “Internet of Things is a small part of business; we are still not at the inflection point. But we are laying down the roadmap.”
Small & Medium Business – Mastering the IoT
When we talk about the IoT market, it’s not just the giant industrial conglomerates who are leading the race. The well-known startups and fast growing small to midsized companies have come on board, giving a stiff competition to the larger counterparts.
In the opinion of Shawn Drew (technology strategist), small businesses have a considerable advantage in IoT. To stay on the cutting edge, they just need to understand how they can leverage it the right way.
Paraphrasing his words –
‘’IoT (like other tech advances) initially was a prospect just for the large enterprises. That’s because its remote sensors and connected devices were beyond the financial reach for most of the small and midsize businesses. However, reductions in manufacturing and upkeep costs for connected devices changed the whole scenario. It brought on a true explosion in the IoT arena, opening the door for smaller players to shine in the market.’’
Gartner too that has predicted smaller businesses as the main driver of Internet of Things. In its New Research, it clearly states that:
- Startups will drive the use, growth and acceptance of the IoT over the coming years
- By 2017, half of all IoT solutions will be originated from a startup less than three years old.
In its opinion, large enterprises will limit to a small number of revenue-generating IoT solutions because of their lack of agility. On the contrary, smaller businesses will be free to experiment with internet connected devices and services that will result into a large number of niche-market IoT solutions.
Corelynx – Next Generation Internet of Things (IoT) Solution Provider
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Silicon Valley based Enterprise Software Company; Corelynx has been consistently offering custom application development in the technology, retail, telecom, healthcare, hospitality, banking, insurance, media and public sectors.
After delivering superior business value to clients in areas of Customer Lifecycle, Sales and Marketing, Enterprise Resource Planning and IT solutions and services – Corelynx has ventured full force into the IoT realm.
Its team of strategic consultants, engineers and system architects has deep experience in developing complex IoT service solutions. Operating since 2005, it has developed implemented and customized IoT solutions and services across a wide array of industries namely-
1. Agriculture & Farming: Device for Crop Yield Maximization.
It helps farmers increase the field productivity by identifying the most effective fertilizers. The device monitors the fertilizers’ effect on the crops and provides these insights to the farmers to help make smarter decisions.
2. Sales Force & Workforce Management: Device for Employee Performance Evaluation.
It provides real-time analytics on how employees are doing and in turn allows the management to identify the performance patterns and improve employee efficiency. Business develops a closer connection with its workforce by making the best decisions supported with the right information.
3. Customer Experience Management: Device for Customer Journey Mapping.
It enables companies to gain insight into customer experience from all touch points. It exposes critical trends and metrics about customers’ product/service usage, complaints and feedbacks. With this increased visibility, business can make the most informed decisions in relation to product/service improvement and modification.
In short, it enables the business to understand their customers in a whole new way, and with a higher level of detail. As and when required, business can collect and analyze this information to better product design and boost customer satisfaction.
At present, Corelynx is working with a leading chain of clients, developing IoT solutions for both industrial and consumer-focused market. Clients, who have worked with Corelynx earlier, advocate the company’s strategic approach where its engineers work closely with the client, understand the unique business processes, and determine the best IoT solution.
With a combination of technical expertise, business knowledge and creativity – Corelynx is one of the select IoT solution providers that have a proven track record of transforming the clients business by making them realize their IoT vision and maximize their bottom line.


David Morris – Originally Published August 22, 2008
As the 2008 Olympic Games are broadcast around the world, one little known Olympic feat wasn’t performed by any athlete, but by China’s Next Generation Internet project (CNGI). CNGI launched a cornucopia of fixed and mobile broadband technologies over the new Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) to demonstrate China’s technological advancement to the world. With government mandates and subsidies supporting IPv6 transition in China, South Korea, and Japan, as well as skyrocketing Internet use in those regions, the question is will China and the rest of Asia leapfrog America and Europe in advanced communication technologies.
As a little history, the use of Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is nearly ubiquitous. However, there are numerous problems with IPv4, as Internet usage grows. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address, which limits the number of routable addresses to about 4.2 billion (2^32). With the world population at nearly seven billion, Internet-ready device proliferation and Internet usage are growing daily; IPv4 is straining to keep up. At current usage rates, the IP pool will likely be depleted by mid-2011. With a combination of network address translation (NAT) and port address translation (PAT) tricks, most ISPs, mobile phone companies, corporations, and home networks use NAT/PAT to setup non-routable “private” addresses to extend and share a single external IPv4 address. NAT has helped extend the life of IPv4; however, NAT/PAT complicates network deployments, architectures, and configurations.
Assuming a blank slate, most architects would choose a more elegant solution. NAT/PAT is a stop-gap measure employed simply due to the limitations of IPv4, and it has several adverse side effects. Since the translation process is complex mathematics calculations, the conversion process is processor and memory intensive, which slows a router’s primary purpose, routing packets. With translation, routing tables and configuration become more complex and challenging to deploy. Since most NAT deployments are stateful instead of stateless, it reduces network resiliency. It also increases the probability of a user’s session interruption. If the NAT gateway fails for any reason, all state information is lost, and the user’s connection must be reset. With more sophisticated routing and translation complications, NAT/PAT has inherent trace and tracking challenges, which complicate security breach identification, tracking, and resolution. Lastly, some applications use the original IP address itself, which causes a mismatch between the original address and the new NAT/PAT address. This often causes the application to fail or get confused. However, with all the IPv4 challenges, it has delivered a revolution in communications. But, IPv6 is poised to make an even more significant impact.
Why is China and the rest of Asia deploying IPv6? The US has a population of approximately three hundred million (about 5% of the world’s population) and has been allocated about 57% of the total IPv4 addresses. Asia has a population of approximately 3.5 billion or 56% of the world population, but it only has 14% of the total IPv4 addresses. China alone has an allocation of only sixty million IP addresses for over 1.4 billion, an oversubscription per person by a factor of twenty-three. This mismatch in people to IP address ratio has raised eyebrows in Asia and has spurred significant motivation for an IPv6 transition. Over the last decade, Japan, China, and South Korea have made it a national mandate move to IPv6, primarily out of necessity and perhaps as an attempt to leapfrog over other nations.
For the 2008 Olympics, China flexes its technological muscle, debuts IPv6, and, perhaps, gains first-mover advantage. To reframe China’s image from the world leader in manufacturing to a center for technological advancement, the 2008 Olympic Games are the most significant usage ever of IPv6 broadband and mobile services in history. With Netcom as the official Olympic service provider, all thirty-seven venues, TV broadcast systems, and security systems are connected to the high-speed optical backbone to provide full and simultaneous event coverage. The cornucopia of IPv6 applications and technologies include GSM/EDGE, WiFi/WiMAX, TD-SCDMA, McWILL, high definition TV, VPN, mobile ticketing, video streaming, mobile blogging, mobile TV advertising, leased lines, security, and surveillance and broadband access. The security system alone is the culmination of eight years of effort, and it supports over one hundred thousand control and sensor units from a central control management system. It is coupled with integrated building control and management system that controls temperature, lighting, etc. of all the Olympic venues. With IPv6 sensors throughout Beijing, even taxi service and traffic congestion will be monitored and eliminated quickly to enhance the Olympic experience and demonstrate China’s dedication to technology advancement. The Olympic experience delivers a dedicated network to provide high-speed connectivity for organizers, hotels, and media with smart card access, so there is no wasted time worrying about those pesky usernames and passwords. China has spent significant time and effort, making its Olympic debut. It is now the largest repository of hands-on IPv6 knowledge and experience on the planet. The judge’s score is a resounding “10.0”.
But why is it a big deal? With IPv4 addresses in short supply and running out, the writing is on the wall; IPv6 is the future. The above IPv4 NAT/PAT challenges are all resolved with IPv6 deployment. With IPv6, the number of IP addresses expands to 2^128, which is enough IP addresses for every person on earth today to have over five billion trillion addresses apiece (technically ~5×10^28 apiece). This means that every internet-ready device from mobile phones to refrigerators will have its unique identifier. IPv6 will eschew in a new era of smart connected devices and deliver all new IPv6 enabled services and applications. With Quality of Service flow label built into the IPv6 header, different classes of service for different devices and applications will be possible. Quality of service will, in the future, delineate your children’s World of Warcraft session will not interrupt your work Video Conference, finally. Security and encryption is an integral part of IPv6, which increases its overall robustness. The most debated question is the new uses and applications that will be based on IPv6. What is the IPv6 “killer app”? We don’t know today. As IPv6 deployment increases, more programmers and engineers will pour over the specifications and develop creative and innovative ways of leveraging the new capabilities contained within the protocol. I believe that we will see a new round of startup companies in the network and application space that are focused on leverage IPv6’s potential to deliver new innovative services and applications.
China is in a unique position because it is starting to build out its infrastructure and does not have a high sunk cost in capital equipment, unlike North America and Europe. So, China can build its network with newer, more advanced technologies more quickly and easily, which offers its engineers and programmers an enormous first-mover advantage and opportunity to gain a hands-on understanding of IPv6’s intricacies. In North America, the only real mandate for IPv6 is the U. S. Government. Although the US mandate called for a migration to IPv6, it provided no budget to accomplish it. Only the Social Security Administration, the White House, and a couple of other Agencies have implemented IPv6; all others are behind. On the whole, the US and Europe haven’t embraced IPv6.
With the whole world watching, one of the greatest Olympic feats of all history is China’s IPv6 deployment. With a spectrum of fixed and mobile technologies and applications, CNGI has delivered the Games crowning jewel and solidified China’s position as an emerging technology leader. The big question is will China and the rest of Asia leverage their head start in advanced communications to take the global leadership position. As always, only time will tell.
David Morris – MorrisBytes


Raven Black’s personal site, plenty of different stuff in there.
Check out the homepage of Russell A. Jones III. Here you’ll find projects, how-to’s and various other useful things.
I recommend starting on the projects page.
Well, big news for the amateur radio community.. The Carl & Jerry series from the 50’s and 60’s is being reprinted in anthology form (5 books)
OpenPCD is a free hardware design for Proximity Coupling Devices (PCD) based on 13,56MHz communication. This device is able to screen informations from Proximity Integrated Circuit Cards (PICC) conforming to vendor-independent standards such as ISO 14443, ISO 15693 as well as proprietary protocols such as Mifare Classic. Contactless cards like these are for example used in the new electronic passports.
OpenBeacon is a free design for an active RFID device which operates in the 2.4GHz ISM band. The device contains a unique serial number, but may have other information. OpenBeacon is designed as a transceiver device and therefore both transmits and receives radio waves. The intention of this project is to offer a wide range of use cases such as visitor or item tracking and wireless remote control with a free self-contained and low-cost RFID design.
Makers of handhelds, mobiles, HF radios, scanners, and power supplies
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Two way SMS and Chatbot application development
Our work with NDI has centered around on tools to improve participation in democracies around the world. Our first deliverable was the SMS Conversation extension - enabling structured communication and surveys via SMS.
We're now hard at work on a new extension to bring the power of chatbots to CiviCRM.
NDI approached us in 2016, after seeing the Chained SMS extension that we had developed for Future First in 2012. They have funded a number of significant improvements to the extension: adding functionality, improving the user interface, bringing it up to date for 4.7, and rewriting the documentation. In fact, we even changed the name to better reflect the functionality - it's now called SMS Conversation.
We've also provided ad-hoc support to NDI on a few occasions: helping them with upgrades, and similar.
In early 2018, we'll embark on a major new project to turn SMS Conversation into a generic chatbot engine based on botman.io capable of powering automated chats with various services like Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, etc.


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For Voice Over IP (VOIP) is a set of software technologies that enable you to establish and manage a communication audio relying not in normal telephone network, but in Internet.
The reason for the growing interest that this technology is leading to is explained by the significant benefits that its adoption can be used to obtain than the traditional telephony:
* Reduction in operating costs;
* Reduction of investment in infrastructure;
* Increased productivity through new features.
The first advantage, reducing operating costs, is significant mainly for calls that do not begin or end, on a normal telephone utilities. If the VOIP call takes place between two computers (PC, PDA or smart phone) connected to the Internet, you avoid any transit through the normal telephone network (PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network). Therefore, nothing is due to telephone operators to realize the communication between the parties and, apart from the costs already incurred by either accessing the Internet, the call is totally free.
Another advantage is the significant reduction in investment in infrastructure with the possibility to replace traditional hardware switchboards (PBX) with simple VOIP application software that can provide an equivalent set of functions, if not higher. Applications that implement VOIP PBX features can be significantly cheaper equivalent of their “physical”, rather, there are even free. For example, the complete system VOIPonCD entirely based on Linux and open source applications, installs in minutes on a normal PC and is packaged in a virtual appliance to run under the free virtualization software VMWare.
The third advantage, not least important of savings, is that formed by the versatility of VOIP systems. Advanced features like call waiting, call to three, call forwarding, audio can be easily provided by the VOIP software. But the most important fact is that it is trivial even enrich them with new features simply by installing additional software modules or performing an upgrade of existing modules.
The operation is rapid, economic, even remotely possible, reversible. But basically this is not the real news, even the call centers had the hardware software upgradeable. The main innovation of VOIP is that it becomes possible, or economically viable, innovative features like the integration of voice mail and e-mail (messages that arrive via email as attachments), the buttons “call” integrated directly into Web pages (part one click and the phone call), the allocation of a virtual number in another country, with redirection via the Internet to the Italy of the incoming calls on that number, and so on: to make this possible is, from an First, the engagement of telephone service in the context information, on the other the particular structure of a typical flat cost of communications via the Internet.
Standard and proprietary technologies
As VOIP technology is important to distinguish between products based on proprietary technologies and products based on standard technologies. All VOIP systems, to support telephone service, must make, in concert with the other, a series of elementary operations that the PSTN network is running normally at each call.
For example: it must be reported to the incoming call, the identity of the caller, must be a way for the called, to accept or reject the call if the call is accepted must be enabled exchange audio flows between the parties in communication with the need to digitize your voice to pass it and then play it on arrival. Finally, both parties must be able to communicate at any time terminate the call.
This set of operations is carried out according to protocols, which prescribe the times, modes, symbols, forms of encoding and compression algorithms to be used at different stages. For example, the transmission of the audio signal of voice compression algorithms require (to allow the operation even when the network connection is not broadband) and cryptographic algorithms (to obstruct the interception and listening to a talk by VOIP unauthorized third). However, it is obvious that the systems of the VOIP calling and called, in order to be compatible, they must use exactly the same compression algorithms and encryption.
It is precisely on the ground of the protocols and algorithms that are different from the standard proprietary. I first choose to use protocols and algorithms specified, published and periodically amended (if necessary) by international bodies, two products of different manufacturers, which do however refer to the same standards should be compatible.
In the case of VOIP, there are two alternative standards for the regulation of the management cycle of calls are the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), defined (Internet Engineering Task Force), and H .323, promulgated by ‘ITU (International Telecommunications Union). Especially in products intended for consumer or small business, the current trend is to an increasing spread of the simplest and most recent SIP. The .323 H remains more common in products for the enterprise market.
The products based on proprietary technologies do not adhere to standards but adopt its own system, usually patented, to handle calls. This means that these systems can communicate (at least directly) only with systems of the same type: the user is in fact “prisoner” of proprietary technology, which also becomes an effective barrier to entry for potential competitors.
The choice to adopt proprietary technologies are more acceptable in software (often referred to as the soft phone), especially if these products are offered for free, even if tied to a proprietary standard, the user retains the ability to “escape” at any time simply by adopting a another free program. Would be very different if the capital impact the systems had to change hardware. For this reason, the physical cost of VOIP is not always negligible, or based on standard SIP, H.323, or what. VOIP hardware also presented as “for Skype” in most cases, is nothing but a USB audio device equipped with telephone keypad, and the integration with Skype is just the management software.


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Author: Herbert Wolverson, Posted: Saturday, 04-18-15. Regular forum contributor eejim has posted an excellent head-to-head comparison of Rocket AC Lite vs. Mimosa brand radios on the Ubiquiti forums.
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Its custom LTU silicon and radio architecture provide up to 600+ Mbps1 of real TCP/IP throughput and modulation rates of up to 4096QAM2.
Data to blow your mind and improve your network UNMS stores up to a year of data for all your devices. The following prerequisites are required: Windows 7 or 8 or 8.1 or 10 operating system; Microsoft .NET Framework 4.7.1 (x86 and x64) LINKPlanner leads the industry as the most trusted and intuitive RF link planning tool, with tens of thousands of links deployed successfully worldwide. Download Now Download Data Sheet LINKPlanner - RF Link Planning Tool to Design Networks with Path Profile Web Service that is a Microsoft compatible wireless manager, Windows and Mac compatible Usually the problem lies in designing and planning an architecture that maximizes the ratio between the number of access points and the surface covered, also given an economical constraint. However, in some situations radio connections can be helpful, for instance when there are just two points to connect, yet quite distant. 60 GHz PtP link using 802.11ad with 5 GHz radio for backup. Ideal for high-throughput connectivity with a range of up to 500 m. 1.7+ Gbps bi-directional Plug and Play 60 GHz Bridge with 5 GHz Radio Redundancy, UniFi Controller Management, and range of up to 500 m UniFi® Building-to-Building Bridge is the ideal solution for short-range, high-throughput connectivity.


HIGH PERFORMANCE IN WALL SPEAKER SYSTEMS
While most in wall speakers are an inferior alternative to the in-room speaker, superb sound quality can be achieved with the correct choice of in wall speakers.
Where sound quality is critical such as the best mastering rooms, the monitors are built into the walls to minimise rear reflections from the speakers compromising quality. Our systems are designed in the same way but with compact in wall speakers that provide the exact same performance as the in-room loudspeakers used by leading Hollywood studios.
When partnered with a subwoofer and correctly calibrated the result is higher performance sound than can be achieved with in room loudspeakers.
Here are two of our suggested music systems both of which will provide true full range sound down to 20Hz and accurate reproduction in the listening room, something not possible with conventional audio systems.
Stereo House System 1
Lyngdorf TDAi2170 – £2,800
MK IW950 speakers x2 – £1,600
MK X10 subwoofer – £2,600
Total Retail inc VAT – £7,000
Stereo House System 2
Lyngdorf TDAi3400 – £4,995
MK IW300 speakers x2 – £4,600
MK X12 subwoofer – £3,200
Total Retail inc VAT – £12,795
The second system will play far louder than similarly priced music systems and incorporates a Media player so you can easily enjoy music from phones etc. at the best with control with an excellent free App.
We challenge you top find any music system that provide this quality of sound at the price. Set up and perfect integration between the sub and speakers is quick and easy with RoomPerfect.


$125.59 Lifetime Savings (Dollars)
The Embertec Emberstrip AV+ is a power saving device suitable for all audio video appliances and setups, including televisions, digital cable boxes, home theater speaker systems, and game consoles. The Emberstrip AV+ saves power used by the AV equipment plugged into any of the 6 green power saving sockets. When there is no activity from the infrared remote that is used on the control device (such as a television remote) for 1, 2, 3, or 8 hours (selectable), it turns off the power to the AV equipment connected to the green power saving socket. In addition, there are 2 black always on sockets, for a cable box, modem, and other items you want to leave on.
The 9 foot cable connected to the Embersensor allows the infrared sensor to be located in clear view of the (IR) remote. It will monitor any activity from the remote, and power down the AV system after up to 8 hours of non-use. Then, the system will power up when a button on the remote is pushed.
Part # N7005.758 Manufacturer Model EPUSAV-ET-01 Current Sensing No Infrared Sensing Yes Motion Sensing No Total Outlets 8 APS Category Tier 2 Surge Protection 39,000 amps Annual Savings (kWh) 346 Annual Savings (Dollars) 41.86 Lifetime Savings (kWh) 1038 Lifetime Savings (Dollars) 125.59


IT networking has become essential in the operation of most industries. Whether you need a network for your small business or require a large scale network for your multi-floor and multi-building office, school, college or residential estate Davec IT Solutions can design and implement a custom solution suited to your needs. Services include:
Davec IT Solutions can additionally provide management services for your network or provide infrastructure support to your IT personnel depending on your needs
Davec IT Solutions specialize in the design and implementation of fibre optic networks using both conventional fibre cabling and/or Air-blown fibre implementations depending on your needs.
The need for fibre optic networks:
Office buildings and parks, schools, colleges etc often need a campus wide network that can be centrally managed. Fibre optics are key in providing a high bandwidth and low latency connection between buildings or floors back to the main server room. Fibre optics have enabled us to build large scale networks where the distance to distribution points far exceed the limitations of copper cable without sacrificing speed and/or bandwidth.
Residential estates are rapidly implementing Fibre-to-the-home networks streaming telephone, DSTV, internet, intercom, surveillance images, video-on-demand and other services to homes within the complex from a central server room effectively eliminating the need for each home to have its own telephone or ADSL lines or DSTV satelite dishes.
Air Blown Fibre technology:
In many cases Air Blown fibre technology provides great benefits over conventional cable. If your infrastructure needs to change frequently air-blown fibre is the answer as a cable infrastructure is layed down and the current fibre need installed. When your needs change fibre can be added and new branches can be created without interrupting the current network or causing downtime or pulling and trenching for new cabling.
Some networks simply doesn't work with conventional cable due to the need for vast amounts of splicing cutting into existing cables and related equipment not being able to cope with too much db loss. Air Blown fibre can in most cases eliminated the need for any through splicing or downtime completely
Whether your require only a few cameras with a single monitor and recorder or require a large scale implementation with a full security control room Davec IT solutions can design and implement a custom solution suited to your needs. Services include:
Whether you require a single door intercom and access controlled door for your small business or a multiple door multiple user campus wide access control system Davac Solutions can design and implement a solution for you. Services include:
Davec IT solutions provide small to medium webpage design for your small business or school. Services include:
Davec IT solutions can provide your Data requirements as well as host your domain name, e-mail and associated webpage. Please contact us for a quotation based on your requirements
Davec IT solutions can supply and install your residential or office DSTV system. Services include:
Davec IT solutions can supply and install Home Theatre systems. Services include:
Please contact us for all your IT needs including: Printers, ADSL Routers, Desktop PCs, Laptops, Monitors, Gaming PCs, Network switchgear, Anti-virus software etc
Whether you require a standalone UPS for your PC or a complete mains power backup system for your office Davec IT solutions through a partner network can supply you with a solution suited to your needs.
Products include: Line-interactive standalone UPS systems 600VA - 2000VA, On-line UPS systems 1000VA - 5000VA with extended up time, Full generator assisted Red-power implementations serving your entire building.
We also offer Solar power systems and energy efficient lighting systems to greatly reduce or eliminated your power bill. Call us for a quotation
Davec IT solutions through a partner network can provide all your office air conditioning needs including dedicated server room and climate control systems


Near Field/Short Range UHF RFID Antenna -15dBi 31x31cm
Near Field/Short Range UHF RFID Antenna -15dBi 30x30 cm
New range of proximity / near field RFID UHF antennas, and with its ultra-low profile and unique size / surface design.
Offering the largest working surface in a near field antenna, and at just 8.5 mm thick, it is opening up new possibilities for more RFID UHF applications liked jewelry management, book management and so on where a short range read is required.
The antenna offers outstanding near field performance in an unique and optimised footprint, improving workflow and eliminating stray tag-reads.
Highly durable, with flexible and easy mounting options, it is a rugged performer.
- Frequency : 902-928 MHz
- Gain : -15 dBi
- VSWR : <= 1.8 : 1
- Connector : SMA-K
- Size: 301 x 301 x 8.5 mm
- Weight : 0.5 Kg
- Material : Aluminium plus plastics
- Color : Black
- Indoor use
|With Built-in Battery||No|
|Warranty||1 Year Warranty|
Still have a question? No worries.


In today’s digital age, high-speed internet has become an essential part of our lives. Whether it’s for streaming videos, conducting business, or staying connected with loved ones, a reliable and fast internet connection is crucial. This is where Gigabit Passive Optical Networks (GPON) come into play.
GPON is an advanced telecommunications technology that utilizes optical fibers and passive components like optical splitters to deliver high-speed internet and other services to homes and businesses. It is a shared infrastructure, meaning multiple users or customers share the same optical fiber, making it a cost-effective and efficient solution.
The core components of a GPON network include the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at the central office, optical fibers for data transmission, optical splitters for signal distribution, and Optical Network Units (ONUs) installed at customer premises. The OLT sends optical signals through the optical fibers, and the ONUs convert them into electrical signals for distribution to customer devices.
GPON networks offer numerous advantages, including high-speed internet access, cost-efficiency for service providers, scalability, reliability, security, and privacy. However, there are also limitations such as shared bandwidth and limited upstream bandwidth during peak usage times.
Despite these limitations, GPON technology plays a significant role in bridging the digital divide, enabling smart cities and IoT, and driving innovations in telecommunications. It brings connectivity to remote and underserved areas, enhances public services, and contributes to economic growth and technological progress.
In the following sections, we will delve deeper into understanding GPON technology, how it works, the pros and cons, and the overall significance of GPON in today’s world of high-speed internet.
Understanding GPON Technology
GPON technology is a telecommunications solution that utilizes optical fibers and passive components to deliver high-speed internet, television, and other services. The key feature of GPON is its efficient use of optical splitters to distribute the optical signal from the central office to multiple Optical Network Units (ONUs) installed at customer premises. The GPON network is governed by the Optical Line Terminal (OLT), which acts as the brain of the system, managing data distribution and communication with the ONUs.
Optical fibers serve as the data highway in GPON networks, transmitting data signals in the form of light between the OLT and ONUs. This optical transmission ensures fast and reliable data transfer, enabling users to access high-speed internet and enjoy seamless connectivity.
When the optical signal reaches the ONUs, they convert it into electrical signals that can be used by customer devices, such as computers, phones, or TVs. This conversion process allows for the utilization of the transmitted data and ensures compatibility with a wide range of customer devices.
Key Components of GPON Technology
GPON technology encompasses several key components that work together to provide high-speed telecommunications services:
- Optical Line Terminal (OLT): The OLT acts as the main hub of the GPON network, managing data transmission and communication with the ONUs. It controls the flow of traffic, allocates bandwidth, and ensures efficient utilization of the network resources.
- Optical Fibers: Optical fibers are the backbone of a GPON network, serving as the medium for data transmission. They enable the transfer of optical signals from the OLT to the ONUs over long distances with minimal signal loss.
- Optical Splitters: Optical splitters play a crucial role in a GPON network by efficiently distributing the optical signal from the OLT to multiple ONUs. They divide the incoming signal into multiple paths, enabling simultaneous data transmission to various customer premises.
- Optical Network Units (ONUs): ONUs are devices installed at customer premises that receive the optical signal from the OLT and convert it into electrical signals. These signals are then used to provide high-speed internet, television, and other services to customer devices.
By leveraging GPON technology, telecommunications providers can deliver high-speed internet and advanced services to a large number of users, ensuring reliable connectivity and meeting the growing demands of today’s digital world.
|Benefits of GPON Technology
|Limitations of GPON Technology
|– High-speed internet access
|– Shared bandwidth during peak usage times
|– Cost-efficiency for service providers
|– Limited upstream bandwidth
|– Scalability for future growth
|– High deployment costs
|– Reliability and network redundancy
|– Time-consuming installation challenges
|– Enhanced security and privacy
As GPON technology continues to evolve, advancements in optical fiber technology, increased bandwidth capacities, and improved network management systems promise to further enhance the performance and capabilities of GPON networks.
How Does GPON Work?
GPON networks operate through an interplay of optical fibers, optical splitters, and equipment such as the OLT and ONUs.
Data transmission in GPON occurs when a customer requests data, and the OLT sends the requested data as optical signals down the optical fibers to the ONUs.
Optical splitters divide the incoming optical signal from the OLT into multiple paths, leading to individual ONUs.
ONUs receive and convert the optical signals into electrical signals for distribution to customer devices.
GPON networks incorporate security measures to protect data during transmission and quality of service mechanisms to prioritize certain types of data traffic.
GPON networks are shared infrastructures, with the OLT efficiently managing the allocation of available bandwidth among users.
GPON Network Structure
|Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
|The central office equipment that communicates with ONUs and manages data distribution.
|Serve as the data highway, transmitting data signals in the form of light between the OLT and ONUs.
|Divide the incoming optical signal from the OLT into multiple paths, leading to individual ONUs.
|Optical Network Units (ONUs)
|Installed at customer premises, receive and convert optical signals into electrical signals for distribution to customer devices.
Pros and Cons of GPON Technology
GPON technology offers several advantages that make it an attractive option for high-speed internet access. Some of the key advantages include:
- High-speed internet access: GPON provides gigabit-level broadband speeds, ensuring fast and reliable internet connectivity for users.
- Cost-efficiency: GPON allows service providers to reduce costs per subscriber by utilizing shared infrastructure and efficient bandwidth allocation.
- Scalability: GPON networks can easily accommodate a growing number of subscribers without significant infrastructure upgrades, making scalability a breeze.
- Reliability: With its use of optical fibers and passive components, GPON networks offer robust reliability, minimizing downtime and ensuring consistent service.
- Security and Privacy: GPON technology provides secure and private data transmission, protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.
However, GPON technology also has its limitations that need to be considered:
- Shared bandwidth: During peak usage times, the available bandwidth in GPON networks may be shared among users, leading to potential slowdowns.
- Limited upstream bandwidth: GPON networks typically have a higher downstream bandwidth than upstream, which can impact activities that require significant upload speeds.
- Deployment costs: Setting up a GPON network requires initial investment in fiber optic infrastructure and equipment, which can be expensive.
- Installation challenges: Installing GPON networks may involve complex processes, requiring expertise in fiber optics and network configuration.
Let’s compare the cost-efficiency aspects of GPON technology with traditional copper-based internet connections:
|Traditional Copper-Based Connection
|Requires initial investment in fiber optic infrastructure and equipment
|Requires deployment of copper cables and related equipment
|Lower maintenance and operational costs due to shared infrastructure
|Higher maintenance and operational costs for individual copper connections
|Easy scalability without significant infrastructure upgrades
|Requires additional infrastructure upgrades for scalability
As the table above illustrates, GPON technology offers superior cost-efficiency compared to traditional copper-based connections. The initial investment in fiber optic infrastructure is offset by lower operational costs and the ability to scale the network without extensive upgrades.
Despite the limitations, GPON technology remains a popular choice for high-speed internet access due to its numerous advantages and the increasing demand for reliable and efficient connectivity.
GPON networks are a crucial component of the modern digital landscape, providing high-speed internet access and digital connectivity to homes and businesses. Through the use of optical fibers and passive components, GPON technology has revolutionized the way we connect to the digital world, making it faster, more reliable, and accessible to a wider range of users.
While GPON networks offer numerous advantages, it is important to consider their limitations and evaluate them against your specific connectivity needs. One of the significant advantages of GPON is its role in bridging the digital divide, bringing high-speed internet access to remote and underserved areas. Additionally, GPON technology enables the development of smart cities and the Internet of Things (IoT), driving innovation and progress in the telecommunications industry.
As our reliance on the internet continues to grow, GPON networks will likely remain a cornerstone of modern telecommunications. They provide seamless connectivity to the vast online universe, enhancing both personal and professional digital experiences. As you consider your internet options, the significance of GPON for high-speed internet access and digital connectivity cannot be overstated.
What is GPON technology?
GPON, which stands for Gigabit Passive Optical Networks, is a telecommunications technology that utilizes optical fibers and passive components like optical splitters to deliver high-speed internet, television, and other services to homes and businesses.
What are the core components of a GPON network?
The core components of a GPON network include the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at the central office, optical fibers for data transmission, optical splitters for efficient signal distribution, and Optical Network Units (ONUs) installed at customer premises.
How does data transmission work in a GPON network?
Data transmission in a GPON network involves the OLT sending optical signals through the optical fibers to the ONUs, which convert the signals into electrical signals for distribution to customer devices.
What does it mean for GPON networks to be shared infrastructures?
GPON networks are shared infrastructures, meaning multiple users or customers share the same optical fiber. Bandwidth allocation is managed by the OLT to ensure fair sharing and network efficiency.
What are the advantages of GPON technology?
The advantages of GPON technology include high-speed internet access, cost-efficiency for service providers, scalability, reliability, security, and privacy.
Are there any limitations to GPON technology?
Yes, there are limitations to GPON technology, such as shared bandwidth during peak usage times, limited upstream bandwidth, high deployment costs, and time-consuming installation challenges.
How does GPON technology contribute to bridging the digital divide?
GPON technology plays a significant role in bridging the digital divide by bringing connectivity to remote and underserved areas, enhancing public services, and contributing to economic growth and technological progress.


Almost every Linux installation runs some kind of firewall to create and manage complicated traffic rules. However, these work by manipulating the underlying system called “iptables”. It’s a comprehensive tool that comes installed with Linux distributions by default. However, it can be a bit difficult to get a handle on. The commands to add rules, the terminology used etc can get pretty complicated.
In this article, I’ll show you how to do the following things with iptables:
- Block an IP Address;
- Log it;
- Delete Rules from IPTables.
Setting up the Test IP Address
In this example, I use two devices to test IPTables. I have my laptop running a VPN, and my phone. Here is my current home address:
I’m going to use IP tables to block this address. But since I still need to access the server via SSH, I’ll be connecting over a VPN so that I can still run commands. But my phone will still be using the above address. First, you can see that I’m able to access the Apache server on both my laptop and phone using the IP address of my test Linux server:
So now our test environment is set up.
Setting up Logging Traffic from an IP Address
The first step I want to do is log all traffic coming from 126.96.36.199 . To do this, I type the following command into my Linux terminal, running as root:
iptables -A INPUT -s 188.8.131.52 -j LOG --log-prefix "Testing "
Here’s an explanation of what’s happening.
- The “-A” option indicates that we want to append a new rule to iptables. Specifically, it applies to incoming packets. Hence the keyword INPUT..
- Next, the “-s” option tells the system that this rule only applies to packets originating from that specific IP address.
- “-j” stands for “Jump”. It basically specifies the action we want to run for the packets that match this particular rule. In this case, we want to log the traffic, so we use the keyword “LOG”.
- Finally, the “–log-prefix” parameter is used to append a string to the log entry. This allows us to easily find the line in large files. I just use the string “Testing ” here. Note how I place a space before the closing quotation mark for the string. It just makes the subsequent log entries easier to read.
The log file locations for Linux can depend on the distribution. For RHEL/CentOS, the file is located at:
If you’re on Ubuntu, the file is placed here:
Now when I access my Linux server from my phone which has the IP address first noted above, I can open the relevant log file, and search for the specific tag (In this case “Testing “), to see the log entry. Here’s the entry on my CentOS system.
You can see that the “SRC” contains the IP address of my phone and the entry has the keyword “Testing ” inside it. Now that we know how to log these visits, it’s time to learn how to block them.
Blocking IP Address After Logging
The “LOG” instruction is non-terminating. It means that we can apply another rule to the traffic to determine what happens to it. To block all traffic from the same address, I use the following command:
iptables -A INPUT -s 184.108.40.206 -j DROP
This is almost the same as the previous one. The only difference is that the “jump” action here is DROP instead of LOG. After typing in this command, all traffic from 220.127.116.11 is dropped without warning. Here’s what my browser shows this time:
As you can see, there’s no error message. No “404”, or “503” or whatever. Everything is just blocked. It also uses up the least server resources.
Removing the Rules from IPTables
Removing rules we placed into IPTables can be a bit tricky. But here’s the best way I’ve found. First, get the line numbers of the rules we want to delete using the following command:
iptables -L --line-numbers
This will show you all the IPTables rules with a line number appended to them. Like this:
We want to remove line numbers “1” and “2”. To delete line number 1, we use the following:
iptables -D INPUT 1
HOWEVER, after it’s been deleted, the line numbers for the remaining rules after it have changed! So to delete line number 2, we need to issue the same command once again, because “2” became “1”. You can check and see for yourself.
So we run the same command again to remove both the rules we just generated.
Saving the IPTable Rules
The IPTables rules you create from the command line will be wiped out the next time you reboot your system. To save them, type the following command on RHEL/CentOS:
service iptables save
Ubuntu and other distributions typically require additional software to save and restore changes easily. Otherwise it can be quite a pain!
So that’s how we block, log, and delete rules for specific IP addresses in Linux. Most of the time you’ll be doing all this using a dedicated firewall program. But sometimes you need to make the rules directly in IPTables, and this article will help you do just that.


It’s hard to imagine a world without smartphones. Today, technology is developing faster than ever before, and the pressure to become entrenched in the digital world is stronger than ever.
Therefore, if you choose to incorporate these new mobile technology trends into your life, you should analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Governments around the world are investigating and regulating how technology companies collect our data and how it affects our online privacy rights.
We, as consumers, must also play a role in taking the necessary precautions to protect what remains of privacy we are clinging to. In this article, we will discuss his 5 emerging technologies of 2023, especially related to mobile devices.
5G cellular network It is made possible by the latest network technology in mobile connectivity. Similar to its predecessors 4G and 3G, 5G is meant to speed up download and upload speeds. It currently works in parallel with 4G, but will soon completely replace it.
5G brings a new generation of connectivity to people, machines, objects, and devices around the world. Unlike 4G, 5G can support a huge number of devices connected simultaneously with ultra-low latency.
This increased performance and increased efficiency of the network enables the potential to change the way we see, live and connect with the world around us.
How will 5G change the world?
5G significantly improves your internet experience with improved connectivity and faster downloads. Not only that, data transmission delays are reduced, enabling smooth operations in various industries such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and smart cities.
Perhaps the most important change we will see when 5G takes over is that the Internet of Things (IoT) will become more widely integrated, as 5G’s lightning-fast speeds will enable the connection of multiple devices without delay. It is to be done.
For example, industries such as the medical field can use 5G to perform remote surgeries, and cities can use 5G to deploy large numbers of IoT devices for traffic management, environmental monitoring, and public safety.
What are the privacy concerns with 5G?
Significant privacy concerns regarding 5G revolve around data collection practices, monitoring, and the number of connected devices. IoT devices are particularly vulnerable to attacks because they lack the computing power to encrypt data and software, making them easy targets for cybercriminals.
To prevent data theft from connected devices and 5G networks, first make sure your IoT devices and networks are secured. strong password generator. Attackers can easily discover the default passwords of IoT devices. Therefore, changing your device password can reduce this threat.
Next, ensure all devices connected to 5G are updated with the latest software to reduce attacks due to vulnerabilities in outdated code. Finally, understand how 5G-connected products use or collect your data and opt out of unpleasant options.
Mobile multi-factor authentication (MFA)
Biometric authentication is becoming increasingly popular as it increases security and reduces the risk of data breaches. Because of this, many businesses and users are moving towards a password-free future and are moving towards a reliance on passwords. multi-factor authentication Methods for mobile and other devices.
Multi-factor authentication is an important tool for mobile and device security. MFA is an additional security feature that blocks unauthorized access to your account if your password is compromised through a dictionary or brute force attack. Standard authentication methods to prove a user’s identity include:
- Knowledge Base: Something you know – your password, PIN, or secret question
- Possession-based: Something you have, i.e. a security key, device, or authenticator app on your phone.
- Biometrics: Something that is part of you, such as facial ID or fingerprints.
Authentication methods are being developed to accommodate this transition away from passwords, and in the future, you will be able to protect your accounts with technologies such as:
- Typing patterns: Each person has a different typing pattern (speed, rhythm, pressure, keystroke spacing) on mobile, which the device learns and uses to authenticate access to your account. Masu.
- Voice and speech patterns: Although currently less common on mobile phones, this authentication analyzes speech patterns and other unique qualities of a user’s voice.
- How the device works: The way you hold the device is also unique. Your phone’s sensors continuously learn and create a behavioral profile based on your actions to verify your identity.
Retiring passwords takes time. Until then, use MFA to supplement your password management, including unique passwords for all your accounts stored in a trusted password manager.
User privacy in wearable technology
Wearable technology, especially smartwatches and fitness trackers, can benefit our health, fitness, and general well-being. Smartwatches and similar wearable technologies, on the other hand, need to collect data and provide feedback on health and performance in order to function optimally.
Users also often connect to third-party apps for sleep analysis, running statistics, or medical reasons. Sharing this data increases the risk of data breaches and raises concerns about how companies process and use the data.
To enable companies to process your data securely and effectively, they must obtain your explicit consent so that you understand how they will use your data. Therefore, when dealing with new wearable technology or third-party apps, please review this consent before deciding to use the app or technology. If you’re not sure how these companies use your data, we recommend finding an alternative.
Social media privacy: The growth of video content and the metaverse
With the growth of social media platforms, especially TikTok, anger regarding privacy and social media continues to be a controversial issue for many. In August 2023, the European Union’s data privacy regulator fines TikTok £12.7 million ($16.2 million) for failing to comply with EU regulations for children under 13 using its platform. The plan was announced.
Another industry that is (slowly) gaining momentum in the tech world is the metaverse. The metaverse is increasingly blurring the line between our real and virtual lives due to our reliance on augmented reality and virtual reality. In addition to being able to collect personally identifiable information, the Metaverse can also collect data by reading your body movements, eye movements, the way you walk, speak, and breathe.
The problem with privacy when it comes to social media, the Metaverse, AR, and VR is that the technology is advancing so fast that it’s difficult for privacy laws to keep up. One thing to remember, especially when it comes to social media, is that if it’s free, you’re the product. So, if you’re an avid social media user but don’t want to compromise your privacy, be aware of what you’re sharing and how it might affect you. be careful.
Protect your mobile data for a safer future
We live in a fast-paced world that is constantly changing, and adapting to new technology trends is a great way to connect, learn, and share experiences with others. Nevertheless, there is also a need to increase cyber awareness of these technologies and simultaneously adapt security and mobile privacy controls before sensitive information falls into the wrong hands.


Last updated on April 15, 2024 by RGB Web Tech
Simply, the "G" stands for "GENERATION". While connected to the internet, the speed of the connection depends upon the signal strength that is shown in abbreviations like 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, etc. on any mobile device. Each generation of wireless broadband is defined as a set of telephone network standards that describe the technological implementation of the system.
The aim of wireless communication is to provide high quality, reliable communication just like wired communication and each new generation represents a big leap in that direction. Mobile communication has become more popular in the last few years due to fast reform in mobile technology. For the comparison of 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G we first need to understand the key features of all these technologies.
Comparison of 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G
|Introduced in Year
|MIMO, mm Waves
|Circuit Switching for Voice and Packet Switching for Data
|Packet Switching Except for Air Interference
|Wireless World Wide Web
|30 GHz to 300 GHz
|Multimedia Features (SMS, MMS), Internet Access and SIM Introduced
|Speed, High Speed Handoffs, Global Mobility
|Extremely High Speeds, Low Latency
|Voice Calls, Short Messages
|Video Conferencing, Mobile TV, GPS
|High Speed Applications, Mobile TV, Wearable Devices
|High Resolution Video Streaming, Remote Control of Vehicles, Robots, and Medical Procedures
What is 5G (FIFTH GENERATION)?
5G networks operate on rarely used radio millimeter bands in the 30 GHz to 300 GHz range. Testing of 5G range in mmWave has produced results approximately 500 meters from the tower. Using small cells, the deployment of 5G with millimetre wave based carriers can improve overall coverage area. Combined with beamforming, small cells can deliver extremely fast coverage with low latency.
Low latency is one of 5G’s most important features. 5G uses a scalable orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) framework. 5G benefits greatly from this and can have latency as low as one millisecond with realistic estimates to be around 1 – 10 seconds. 5G is estimated to be 60 to 120 times faster than the average 4G latency.
Active antenna 5G encapsulated with 5G massive MIMO is used for providing better connections and enhanced user experience. Big 5G array antennas are deployed to gain additional beamforming information and knock out propagation challenges that are experienced at mmWave frequency ranges.
Further, 5G networks clubbed with network slicing architecture enables telecom operators to offer on-demand tailored connectivity to their users that is adhered to Service Level Agreement (SLA). Such customised network capabilities comprise latency, data speed, latency, reliability, quality, services, and security.
With speeds of up to 10 Gbps, 5G is set to be as much as 10 times faster than 4G. Following is a brief comparison of 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G.
What is 4G (FOURTH GENERATION)?
The main difference between 3G and 4G is the data rate. There is also a huge difference between 3G and 4G technology. The key technologies that have made 4G possible are MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The most important 4G standards are WiMAX and LTE. While 4G LTE is a major improvement over 3G speeds, it is technically not 4G. What is the difference between 4G and LTE?
Even after it was widely available, many networks were not up to the required speed of 4G. 4G LTE is a “fourth generation long term evolution”, capable of delivering a very fast and secure internet connection. Basically, 4G is the predetermined standard for mobile network connections. 4G LTE is the term given to the path which has to be followed to achieve those predefined standards. Some of the features of 4G LTE are:
- Support interactive multimedia, voice, video.
- High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit (Speeds of up to 20 Mbps or more.)
- Global and scalable mobile networks.
- Ad hoc and multi-hop networks.
How is 5G different from 4G?
|5G uses utilises much higher radio frequencies of 28 GHz.
|4G uses lower reading frequencies of 700 MHz to 2500 MHz.
|5G transfers more data over the air at faster speeds.
|4G speed is lesser with less data transfer.
|5G has lower latency i.e the delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction. Latency for 5G is predicted to be below 10 milliseconds, and in best cases around 1 millisecond.
|4G has higher latency as compared to 5G. Latency for 4G is around 20-30 milliseconds.
|5G uses millimetre wave spectrum which enables more devices to be used within the same geographic area supporting around one million per square kilometre.
|4G supports a lesser number of devices of about 4,000 devices per square kilometre.
|5G uses a new digital technology that improves coverage, speed and capacity.
|4G has led to more congestion and lesser coverage as compared to 5G.
How is 5G technology important for India?
1. High speed and digital India: 5G will revolutionise the mobile experience with speedy wireless network, which can support up to 10 to 20 GBPS of data download speed. Compared to conventional mobile transmission technologies, voice and high-speed data can be simultaneously transferred efficiently in 5G. This will enhance and support the government's effort to promote digital India.
2. Better Governance: Better speed and connectivity would reduce red tapism. It will enhance speedy completion of projects and better implementation of policies. It will enable accountability in the system through a better monitoring system and will reduce corruption.
3. Low latency: It is one of the most important features of 5G technology which is significant for autonomous driving and mission critical applications. 5G networks are capable of latency less than a millisecond. This help in logistics improvement and would reduce overall cost of goods and services.
4. Employment generation: 5G wireless technology will open greater opportunities for new device manufactures and application developers. New VoIP devices and smart devices will be introduced in the market and thus more job opportunities as well. This will help in inclusive growth reaping demographic dividends.
5. Enhanced network coverage: Device-to-device communication techniques will further enhance network performance and support during limited access or absence of mobile networks. Small cell concepts used in 5G will have multiple advantages of better cell coverage, maximum data transfer, low power consumption and cloud access network etc. This will help in reducing the digital gap in India.
6. Entertainment and multimedia industry: Analysts found that 55% of mobile Internet traffic has been used for video downloads globally in 2015. This trend will increase in future and high definition video streaming will be common in future. This will help in growth of entertainment industry and thus more jobs will be there. It will also increase government revenue.
7. Enhanced Security: 5G wireless technology is one the best solution for security surveillance due to higher bandwidth and unlicensed spectrum. It will enhance better coordination among various agencies. Smart appliances which can be configured and accessed from remote locations, closed circuit cameras will provide high quality real-time video for security purposes.
8. Logistics and shipping: The logistics and shipping industry can make use of smart 5G technology for goods tracking, fleet management, centralised database management, staff scheduling and real-time delivery tracking and reporting.
9. Smart cities: It will fuel the government's smart city project. Smart city applications like traffic management, instant weather update, local area broadcasting, energy management, smart power grid, smart lighting of street, water resource management, crowd management, emergency response etc. can use reliable 5G wireless network for its functioning.
10. Industrial Growth: Future industries will depend on smart wireless technologies like 5G and LTE advanced for efficient automation of equipment, maintenance, safety, tracking, smart packing, shipping, logistics and energy management.
11. Agricultural applications: 5g technology can be used for agriculture and smart farming in future. Using smart RFID sensors and GPS technology, farmers can track the location of livestock and manage them easily. Smart sensors can be used for irrigation control, access control and energy management.
12. Healthcare and mission critical applications: 5G technology will support medical practitioners to perform advanced medical procedures with reliable wireless networks connected to another side of the globe. Doctors can connect with patients from anywhere anytime and advise them when necessary. Scientists are working on smart medical devices which can perform remote surgery. Smart medical devices like wearable devices will continuously monitor a patient's condition and activate alerts during an emergency.
India should not miss the opportunity and should proactively work to deploy 5g technology. We should focus on strengthening our cyber infrastructure. Funds should be allocated and local technology and telecom firms should be incentivised to develop their internal capacities which would in turn help 5G technology succeed in the country. 5g start-ups that enable this design and manufacturing capabilities should be promoted.
What is 3G (THIRD GENERATION)?
The 3G standard utilises Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) as its core network architecture. 3G network combines aspects of the 2G network with new technologies and protocols to deliver a significantly faster data rate. By using packet switching, the original technology was improved to allow speeds up to 14 Mbps. It used Wide Band Wireless Network that increased clarity. It operates at a range of 2100 MHz and has a bandwidth of 15-20 MHz. Some of the main features of 3G are:
- Speed of up to 2 Mbps
- Increased bandwidth and data transfer rates
- Send/receive large email messages
- Large capacities and broadband capabilities
What is 2G (SECOND GENERATION)?
2G refers to the second generation of mobile networks based on GSM. The radio signals used by the 1G network were analog, while 2G networks were digital. 2G capabilities were achieved by allowing multiple users on a single channel via multiplexing. During 2G, cellular phones were used for data along with voice. Some of the key features of 2G were:
- Data speeds of up to 64 kbps
- Use of digital signals instead of analog
- Enabled services such as SMS and MMS (Multimedia Message)
- Provided better quality voice calls
- It used a bandwidth of 30 to 200 KHz
2G vs 3G vs 4G vs 5G
Each generation in some way has improved over its predecessor. There is a lot of ground to compare the cell networks over. Following is the comparison between 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G.
The comparison of 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G clearly shows the differences in the technologies. The comparison of 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G also makes it evident that 5G is going to be one of the most ambitious leaps in the history of cell network technologies.


Many individuals consider a Bluetooth gadget just a sans hands headset for your wireless. Bluetooth is a universally useful innovation that permits a wide range of gadgets to discuss remotely with one another.
What is Bluetooth?
Bluetooth is a short-range remote correspondences innovation used to interface PCs, cell phones, consoles, sound systems, and other electronic gear. At the point when two Bluetooth empowered gadgets interface with one another, it is called blending. For security reasons, you are generally needed to enter or confirm an entrance code during the matching cycle. The gadgets can normally be associated in a reach up to around 32 feet (10 meters).
Commonplace Bluetooth Devices
On the off chance that you have an iPhone or iPad, there are some broad kinds of Bluetooth gadgets that work with your equipment.
Many kinds of sound and visual hardware, for example, dock stations, sound systems, and a few TVs
Telephone headsets/ear pieces
Vehicle packs that can give two sans hands calling and communicate music to vehicle sound systems
Setting up a Bluetooth association on the iPhone or iPad
Despite what sort of adornment you need to match to the iPhone, the essential interaction is depicted beneath. These directions additionally apply to the iPad Blackpods and expect you are utilizing iOS 6.
Transform on your Bluetooth adornment and put it into disclosure mode. This permits the iPhone to see the gadget and interface with it. Making a gadget discoverable requires various strides on various gadgets. For certain things, you simply need to turn them on, while different embellishments might require physically captivating the disclosure mode. Check the gadget manual for matching directions.
Open the Settings application on your iPhone and select Bluetooth.
Tap the Bluetooth slider to “ON”. A rundown of accessible gadgets will then, at that point show up.
Select the gadget to interface. Contingent upon the adornment, a screen might seem requesting an entrance code. Enter the entrance code recorded in the gadget’s manual. Subsequent to entering the entrance code, select Pair and the gadget will be matched to your iPhone and prepared for use.
On the off chance that you at any point choose to unpair the gadget, essentially select the extra from the rundown and tap “Fail to remember This Device”.
Since Bluetooth is a short-range organization, the association will be lost on the off chance that you move the iPhone excessively far from the gadget, which for most embellishments is around 32 feet (10 meters). When the association is lost, most gadgets will consequently reconnect when they are in scope of the iPhone. In the event that you unpair the gadget, it should be combined again before it will associate with your iPhone.


The hardest part of setting up my Wahoo KICKR with Zwift was pairing it with my computer. The KICKR can pair with the computer using both Bluetooth and ANT+. Initially, I chose to use ANT+ because my Garmin cadence sensor and heart rate monitor were ANT+. Since most laptops aren’t ANT+ capable, I had to use a USB ANT+ dongle. Luckly, I already had a Garmin USB ANT+ dongle that I could use.
Even if your computer isn’t ANT+ or Bluetooth capable, generic USB ANT+ and Bluetooth dongles are cheap and relatively easy to find, so your computer can still be used for Zwift. In my case when I later switched to Bluetooth my computer’s Bluetooth was not compatible with my KICKR, so I had to use a Bluetooth dongle. Regardless of which protocol you use, the setup is basically the same.
Nevertheless, if you still find pairing difficult, another alternative is to use the Zwift Companion app on a mobile device as a bridge that can convert the trainer’s Bluetooth signal into a format that your computer can recognize.
Over the past few years, I have paired my devices with ANT+, Bluetooth and the Zwift Companion app. All three methods have worked for me. Once everything is paired you are ready to go.


COGEU has organized the Central European Radiocommunication Days - Special, that took place in Bratislava, Slovakia, hosted by COGEU Partner TOWERCOM. [+details]
COGEU has been showcased in first edition of the Net-Tech Future Magazine, issued by the European Commission. [+details]
- COGEU was represented by IT at the RAS Cluster of the 10th Future Networks Concertation Meeting.
COGEU was represented in the Cambridge TV White Spaces Trial Summit, that took place in Cambridge, UK.
For more information check the Summit website.
- COGEU was presented at an FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) workshop - Ciência 2012 - by Paulo Marques. Among the attendees were the Portuguese Prime Minister and the Minister for Education and Science.
- COGEU attended the Cambridge White Spaces Trial Policymaker Event organized by Adaptrum, Arqiva, BBC, BSkyB, BT, Cambridge Consultants, CRFS, Microsoft, Neul, Nokia, Samsung, Spectrum Bridge, TTP and Virgin Media. Paulo Marques provided an overview of COGEU work on Bavarian white spaces, with database demonstration.
- COGEU organized a Workshop on the Efficient Use of TV White Spaces in Europe on November 10th in Munich. [+ details]
- Participation in the SE43 Group Meeting - Rogério Dionísio (project COGEU) attended the 11th SE43 group meeting, in Lisbon, on September 19th, 2011. [+details]
- The following three deliverables are now available in the Deliverables section:
D2.2 - Policies to enable efficient spectrum sharing over TVWS at European level
D4.2 - Sensing algorithms for TVWS operation
D7.1 - Definition of test scenarios for the demonstrator
A paper entitled "TV White Spaces Maps Computation through Interference Analysis" was presented by IT at the Future Networks and Mobile Summit, in Warsaw, Poland.
A presentation entitled "COGEU project: Cognitive radio for an efficient sharing of TV white spaces in Europe" was given by Paulo Marques, at the 2011 Wireless Innovation Forum Conference on Communications Technology and Software Defined Radio, in Brussels, Belgium.
COGEU project presented its progress with a demonstration stand at the Future Network and Mobile Summit 2011
, in Warsaw, Poland. [+ details]
COGEU Project's presentation at COST TERRA Meeting
in Brussels, Belgium. [+ details]
- A paper entitled "Exploiting TV White Spaces in Europe: The COGEU Approach" was presented by IT at the IEEE Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN 2011), in Aachen, Germany.
- COGEU was represented by IT at the Future Networks 7th FP7 Concertation Meeting.
- COGEU Project was invited to present its regulatory implications at the COST TERRA meeting. [+details]
- COGEU submitted an opinion on cognitive radio to RSPG (Radio Spectrum Policy Group). [+details]
- IT, as Coordinator of COGEU, participated in a meeting with the Portuguese Regulator, Anacom, to discuss the national standing in relation to the Digital Dividend and cognitive radio. [+details]
IT, as Coordinator of COGEU, participated in the Workshop on Cognitive Radio Standards and Markets
COGEU has attended the ETSI RRS meeting in November 23-24 in Munich. COGEU project was presented by IRT and cooperation with ETSI has started.
Participation in SEAMCAT technical group (STG)
meeting and workshop, in Copenhagen, Denmark - Rogério Dionísio attended the 23rd STG plenary meeting, on October 4. The meeting was hosted by ECO - EuropeanCommunicationsOffice, Copenhagen, Denmark. [+details]
COGEU was presented by IT at the RAS Cluster of the 6th FP7 Concertation Meeting. The presentation, by Paulo Marques, was entitled "COGEU: Reference Model, System Requirements and Initial Measurements in TV White Spaces".
A paper entitled "Distributed Spectrum Allocation with the Cournot Competition" was presented at the 2010 European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO-2010), in Aalborg, Denmark, by PUT.
A joint overview paper on COGEU was presented in the Future Network and Mobile Summit 2010, in Florence, Italy, by IT.
The 3rd plenary meeting was organized by SIGINT SOLUTIONS and held in Limassol, Cyprus.
A paper entitled "QoS Support in Radio Resource Sharing with Cournot Competition" was presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing (CIP-2010), in Elba Island, Italy, by PUT.
- COGEU Project was presented at the 24th meeting of the WWRF in Penang, Malaysia.
The 2nd plenary meeting was held at THALES premises, in Colombes, France.
The COGEU project was presented by PTIN in an internal workshop on wireless communications in by the operator in Aveiro, Portugal.
COGEU participated (through IT) in the IEEE P1900.6 plenary meeting in San Diego, California, providing a contribution to the IEEE P1900.6 standard: “defines the information exchange and data structures between spectrum sensors and the cognitive engine”
COGEU participated (through IT) in the
Cognitive Radio Work Group [Radio Environment Map Project (Geolocation Database)] of the Wireless Innovation Forum in San Diego, California.
COGEU was represented in the 4th meeting of CEPT SE43 by IRT, contributing to the document “Protection ratio measurements for cognitive radio systems using LTE technology against DVB-T reception".
A presentation on COGEU was done by TCD in a face to face meeting with Xilinx.
A demo on the COGEU concepts and framework was shown in the Re:Publics workshop in Dublin by TCD.
The COGEU project was presented by TCD in a face to face meeting with the Comission for Communications Regulation (Comreg) - the Irish regulator body.
COGEU Project has officially started.
The Kick-Off Meeting was held at IT - INSTITUTO DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES premises, in Aveiro, Portugal.
was presented at the Future Networks 5th FP7 Concertation Meeting in Brussels, Belgium.
COGEU Project was presented at the Cognitive Radio – Technology & Regulation Workshop in Brussels, Belgium.
COGEU was represented in the 3rd meeting of CEPT SE43, which focused on the following topics: HNM, geolocation database, Protection Ratios, PMSE, by IRT.


Every sink in a session is designed to playback in sync regardless of the output type.
That being said there currently are some scenarios where playback can be perceptibility out of sync.
- The output device is connected by something that has a high latency and that latency is not negotiated (ie HDMI, Bluetooth, etc).
- The network paths to each output device have high differences in round trip time.
We currently have the ability to manually adjust the sync between output devices but is only used for internal testing and the setting is not saved. Eventually we plan on making this feature a public part of the configuration client. Feel free to add it to the feature request list to increase its priority.
If you do not fall into one of those categories then submit a bug report.


Mixed and augmented reality (MAR) is on the brink of large-scale consumer level commercialization. Standards will be required for MAR to succeed and proliferate as an information media and new contents platform. Standards will enable the development of MAR system components able to interoperate through defined interfaces and hence will enable the development of end-to-end solutions built on system components easily plugged in together to achieve contents sharing and interoperability. The workshop will be a place to present existing standards and demonstrate how they could ease the adoption of MAR in many domains, a place to present recent initiatives in order to coordinate efforts and share requirements coming from the industry. The discussion will lay a foundation to many issues of standardization for MAR: proper subareas for standards and abstract levels, physical and environment object representation, content file format, calibration process, tracking and recognition, augmentation and display style standards, sensors and processing units dedicated to MAR, standards for non-visual and multimodal augmentation, object feature presentation, benchmarking, Industry requirements, etc.
Link to IEEE ISMAR 2017 conference website : http://www.ismar17.org/


We can print complex waveguide assemblies utilizing a state of the art SLM 280 3D metal printer with a build volume of 11x11x14 inches.
Metal 3D printing can significantly reduce the weight and number of parts required.
Drawing on over 50 years of electroplating experience, we are able to plate on many of the popular 3D printed plastics.
This combination of technologies enables quick, cost-effective prototyping of complex components.
CMi successfully designed, built, and tested an ultra-compact, fully integrated, patented Triband GPS L1, L2, and L5 band feed in less than 6 months.
The design includes a radiating aperture, polarizer, and triplexer. Special considerations were given to include high power handling capability and very low PIM design features.
The result is a very compact low mass radiating element that can meet high power handling and stringent PIM requirements and has low axial ratio, broad bandwidth (31% minimum), high aperture efficiency (greater than 90%), low insertion loss, and excellent return loss.


Охладител CORSAIR Premium Individually Sleeved DC Cable Pro Kit Type 4 White CP-8920224
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Complete your custom PC buildIncludes the full range of CORSAIR Premium Individually Sleeved Cables and cable combs to equip the most demanding systems.Superior flexible sleeved cablesTriple-layer mesh paracord sleeved cables provide easy cable routing and stylish aesthetics.Modular interlocking cable combsPre-installed 24-pin and 8-pin cable combs give your system a professional look in seconds.Consistent, steady powerIn-line capacitors on the cables ensure clean voltage delivery and stable power.
Type: Power cable kit
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2 x power cable – power 8 pin EPS12V with detachable 4 pin ATX12V section – 75 cm
2 x power cable – 8 pin PCI Express power with detachable 2 pin section – 65 cm
2 x power cable – 8 pin PCI Express power with detachable 2 pin section x 2 – 65 cm
2 x power cable – 15 pin Serial ATA power x 4 – 75 cm
2 x power cable – 4 pin internal power (female) x 4 – 75 cm
Включени аксесоари: 8 x 8 pin cable combs, 24 pin cable combs
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As we continue to evolve our enterprise solutions and mobile connectivity, we are happy to announce that ecigforlife now has Skype Connect .
This will now allow our sales and management team to connect directly with you our clients, in real-time; shortening the communications cycle and improving the RFP process. Please add the following connections on Skype for instant chat and real-time communication available Mon-Fri 8am-11pm AEST.
OR Skype: peter.mikel2
Please make sure to mention "Skype Connect" and you will be instantly approved as a priority contact in our database.
Founder / CEO
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All prices are in AUD.


An IP address is what identifies you on the internet. As IPV4 this identifier 4 digits (0 to 255) separated by a dot an defined to each devices connected to the Internet. This little number DYNAMIC TCP or be permanant but it is always unique, two devices can not have the same IP address unless they are connected in the same LAN or private. This is what happens when the connection is made from a box or ADSL router. In this case the router public ip address but apareils connected to gateways that are part of the same network that is local or private. Each device will have a different local address determined by the NAT (Network Address Translation).


NSA Radio Frequency Technology In Computers – Business Insider
http://www.businessinsider.com/nsa-radio-softwa…Μετάφραση αυτής της σελίδας
14 Ιαν 2014 – They use radio frequency technology to get into computers throughout the world.
Why the NSA’s Spying on Offline Computers Is Less Scary Than …
spectrum.ieee.org/tech…/wireless/why-the-…Μετάφραση αυτής της σελίδας
20 Ιαν 2014 – Tiny radio frequency devices that allow NSA agents to spy on offline … including some radio frequency technologies capable of helping agents …
NSA uses secret radio tech to spy on offline computers
http://www.computerweekly.com/…/NSA-uses-se…Μετάφραση αυτής της σελίδας
15 Ιαν 2014 – NSA uses secret radio tech to spy on offline computers … to do that using radio frequencies has given the US a window it’s never had before.”.
N.S.A. Devises Radio Pathway Into Computers – NYTimes.com
http://www.nytimes.com/…/nsa-effort-pries-open…Μετάφραση αυτής της σελίδας
14 Ιαν 2014 – The headquarters of the National Security Agency at Fort Meade, Md. … The radio frequency technology has helped solve one of the biggest …
NSA able to target offline computers using radio-waves for … – RT.com
rt.com/usa/nsa-radio-wave-cyberattack-607/Μετάφραση αυτής της σελίδας
15 Ιαν 2014 – The National Security Agency has implanted software in about 100000 … The radio frequency technology – which often needs to be physically …
the majority of air plane crashes are caused by nasa, haarp and nsa ….. they can hack, control and manipulate the computer of an air plane , so that the pilot can`t do anything!
a mobile phone can NOT cause an air plane crash. It doesn have the capacity.