Table of contents
- 1. 2.1. Full Ethernet Virtualization
- 2. 2.2. Transmit Any Ethernet Packets via VPN
- 3. 2.3. Benefits of Layer-2 VPN for Remote Access Users
- 4. 2.4. Benefits of Layer-2 VPN between Site-to-Site
- 5. 2.5. Virtual Hubs, Cascades and Local Bridges
- 6. 2.6. IEEE802.1Q VLAN Supports
- 7. 2.7. Virtual Layer-3 Switch Function
2.1. Full Ethernet Virtualization
The key concept of the method of realizing VPN by SoftEther VPN is the full virtualization of Ethernet segments, layer-2 Ethernet switches and Ethernet adapters. In order to establish good VPN network, SoftEther VPN virtualizes Ethernet, which is widely used all over the World.
To understand the advantage of SoftEther VPN, please read the basis knowledge about Ethernet and it's limitation at first. And you will understand how SoftEther VPN resolves it in order to establish private communications between remote sites.
SoftEther VPN encapsulates Ethernet over HTTPS to transmit frames over Internet.
Ethernet is the Standard of LAN
As you know, Ethernet is a technology for using on LANs (Local Area Networks). Ethernet is very convenient and reliable standard in order to connect several computers mutual. With Ethernet, you can enjoy many network programs such as file sharing, printer sharing and accessing amounts of data on RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems). Today there are no companies who have no LANs with Ethernet in their office.
Standard formation of Ethernet-using network is hub-and-spoke model. There are hubs (as know as Ethernet switches) central and each computers has a cable to the hub. Then all computers can communicate mutually. The advantage of Ethernet is that you can understand the model very easily. This is a certain reason why Ethernet has been spread the world. Computers and hubs connected in order to enable them free communication consists an Ethernet Segment. It is also called as "Layer-2 Segment" or "Broadcast Domain" .
Ethernet has a Limit on Distance
But you cannot use Ethernet beyond the walls of office or building. In normal condition, you know you can connect computers mutual only in a room or a building. But you cannot make a computer on the site-A to communicate with another computer on the site-B with only Ethernet. The reason why you cannot is that Ethernet must need wired Ethernet network cables to connect between devices. Network cables can be laid only in the building. You cannot lay the cable between the separated two or more buildings, because you cannot place any cables across the road. Of course there are other limitations of Ethernet, for example maximum distance of cable. And these limitations cannot be solved by using other physical media as extensions of Ethernet lately invented, such as Wi-Fi and optical cables.
"Ethernet" is totally different to "Internet". The Internet is the interconnected network of a lot of private networks and ISPs mutually. It is certain that we can pay ISPs inexpensive money to enjoy the connection to the Internet. You can connect both offices of Tokyo and Beijing to the Internet. And computers on each office can now access to the Internet. But still you cannot enjoy any software written for LAN internal use between two sites, even if there are both two Internet connections. What you can do are only as follows; for example, to exchange emails, to use Skype and Messenger software in order to exchange short messages or voices, and to access the same groupware to exchange schedules and so on. You can do these things if you have two sites and both sites have each Internet connection. But you cannot enjoy any other profits which are came from software for LAN, for example file sharing, print sharing, database protocols, CRMs, ERPs, and other applications which are developed for specified purposes. Again, Ethernet is not Internet. Internet cannot become alternative to Ethernet. Even if you connect both sites to the Internet, two sites don't construct the single Ethernet segment at all. If you want to use application for LAN, you must construct a single Ethernet segment to surround every your computers.
Extend Your Ethernet Segment beyond any Distance by SoftEther VPN
SoftEther VPN is a tool to establish an Ethernet segment between two or more remote places, using the tunneling technology via the Internet.
You understood about the advantage of Ethernet and the difference between Ethernet and Internet, and also the limitation which is came from the difference. But you probably wonder if an Ethernet segment can be extended to other sites beyond any distance, for example beyond roadways between two buildings. If it could, it might be possible to use any applications for purpose of LAN use between two or mote sites.
You can find that some telecom companies have provided such a distance-communication service as "Wide Area Ethernet Service" . You can establish the single Ethernet segment between two or more buildings with such services. But such dedicated line services costs much more than the cost of Internet (for example, 100 more times). And you cannot use this solution absolutely if your regions of at least one of your sites are not supported as service area.
Then you need any other solution. Fortunately, the cost to connect a site to the Internet is very cheap today. You can keep connection two or more sites to the Internet easily. Then if you install SoftEther VPN on each site, you can connect each segment of all sites mutually in order to build a single Ethernet segment. Before you establish the VPN tunnel, every site's network has its own Ethernet segment. Every segment is separated completely and mutually. After the VPN tunnel has been established, however, every segment is combined together and then unites to the single segment. After that, you can run any protocols between every remote site, crossing the physical distance. You can use this technique to both purposes of remote accessing and site-to-site connections.
Virtualization of Ethernet Switches, Adapters and Cables
To fulfill the above purpose, SoftEther VPN virtualizes Ethernet switches, cables and adapters.
Ethernet switch, as known as Hub or Layer-2 Switch, is a device to exchange packets between Ethernet hosts. A switch has a FDB (Forwarding Database) inside itself in order to determine the appropriate destination port of outgoing for a packet which came from incoming port. This behavior is called as "Switching" as a major function of switches.
Ethernet network cable, as known as Cat5e or Cat6 Copper Cable, is a device to connect between Ethernet devices, such as Ethernet switches and Ethernet adapters. Ethernet Adapters are also called "NIC (Network Interface Card)" and placed on computer. Nowadays a computer has an Ethernet adapter on its board. It is called "Onboard" . You know that you can insert more adapters on PCI or USB bus of the computer if you need.
SoftEther VPN virtualizes Ethernet switch and emulate it. The virtual Ethernet switch is called "Virtual Hub" in the software. And SoftEther VPN virtualizes Ethernet adapter and emulate it. The virtual Ethernet adapter is called "Virtual Network Adapter" in the software. SoftEther VPN also virtualizes Ethernet network cable and emulates it. The virtual Ethernet network cable is called "VPN Session" or "VPN Tunnel" in the software.
Above three elements are important to understand SoftEther VPN. For example, when you want to build a remote access VPN in order to accept VPN connections from remote site to the company LAN, you will create a Virtual Hub on the VPN Server in the company LAN. That Virtual Hub constructs an Ethernet segment. And you connect both the Virtual Hub and the physical network adapter on the server computer mutually. Then both segments of the Virtual Hub and the existing physical LAN are now combined and united as the single Ethernet segment. And you will install VPN Client software on the remote client PC, for instance, laptop PC. VPN Client software can create a Virtual Network Adapter on the client PC. You will create a connection setting in order to connect the VPN Client to the Virtual Hub on the VPN Server in your company. When you ignite the connection, a new VPN Session will be established between the Virtual Network Adapter and the Virtual Hub. This situation is very similar that you attach the one-side of an Ethernet cable to the physical Hub and the other-side to the physical Ethernet adapter on the computer. Not only similar, but it is also exactly same in the logical aspect of behavior of Ethernet. After you established the VPN connection, you can send and receive any protocols suitable for Ethernet. All packets are transmitted on the virtual cable, as called as VPN Session or VPN Tunnel.
After once you understood the architecture of realizing method of SoftEther VPN, you will be able to understand that the potential possibilities for range of use of SoftEther VPN is almost infinite. The above example show you the way to construct a remote access VPN, but you can apply this way to make any other form of VPN. It is very easy to build a site-to-site VPN. Only difference to remote access VPN is the opposite ends from the VPN Server is not a VPN Client but a VPN Bridge.
A Virtual Hub is a software-implemented Ethernet Switch. It exchanges packets between devices.
You can create a lot of Virtual Hubs on SoftEther VPN Server. Each Virtual Hub is isolated to others.
You can create a lot of Virtual Network Adapter on the client-side PC with SoftEther VPN Client.
Each Virtual Network Adapter is regarded as a "real" Ethernet adapter as if it is attached on the PC.
2.2. Transmit Any Ethernet Packets via VPN
Since SoftEther VPN tunnels the Internet and establish a VPN Session between remote sites with full capabilities to transmit any Ethernet packets, SoftEther VPN has unlimited protocol transparency as exact same as physical Ethernet segments. As you know, there are many of protocols which can be used on Ethernet. For example, IPv4 (TCP, UDP, ICMP, ESP, GRE etc.), IPv6 (the next generation of IP), NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, PPPoE, RIP, STP and so on. All protocols can be transmitted on the tunnel by SoftEther VPN.
Legacy VPNs, such as L2TP, IPsec or PPTP, can transmit virtually only IPv4. Because these VPN protocols can carry only the upper layer of equal or more than layer-3. Contrariwise, SoftEther VPN can carry any packets which are equal or more than layer-2.
You can derive a benefit from this advantage. You can use any legacy and latest protocols within the VPN session of SoftEther VPN, not possible for any other VPNs. If your company uses some specified protocol for controlling a manufacturing machine, you can use it on the SoftEther VPN Session. No modifications on the software are needed to use such a protocol on the layer-2 VPN.
Unlike legacy IPsec or PPTP VPNs, SoftEther VPN Protocol can carry any kinds of packets.
You can enjoy any applications which are "local-network oriented" without no modifications.
2.3. Benefits of Layer-2 VPN for Remote Access Users
Almost all legacy VPN products with IPsec, PPTP or L2TP need to define a virtual IP subnet inside the VPN server, because these protocols are virtually layer-3 VPN protocols. If your company's existing LAN has an IP subnet as 192.168.3.0/24, you cannot connect the remote PC directly to that IP subnet. At first you have to create a virtual IP subnet, for example 192.168.100.0/24 on the VPN server. And then you can connect VPN Client PC to the VPN server. And the VPN server is always processing the routing between two different IP subnets. This method of remote accessing VPN is complicated because sometimes the network administrator has to design and modify the routing policy of the LAN. It might cause a troublesome. For example, many protocols and applications are designed on the assumption that any broadcast IP packets can be passed between nodes. In the legacy VPN's situation, such applications cannot work normally. The good instance is the file sharing protocol of Windows, everyone knows about it. This protocol, as knows as CIFS (Common Internet File System) or SMB (Server Message Block), is virtually depended on the method of resolving the computer name by broadcast packets of IP. No broadcast IP packets can be broadcasted beyond the differences of IP subnets. So such a mechanism for browsing the computer by Windows doesn't work well on the legacy VPNs. You need more costs to patch this problem, such as building WINS or DNS server for Windows name browsing. Moreover than mentioned above, you might have a trouble to use any protocols from remotely since legacy VPN protocols are lack of transparency of any kind of packets. Some legacy VPN devices, such as Cisco's, patched this problem with attempting to adopt Proxy-ARP mechanism. But it is a rare case and lack of compatibilities for any situation.
SoftEther VPN gives you a benefit that you can transmit any packets between the VPN Client PC and the VPN Server's LAN segments. You create a layer-2 VPN Session between the VPN Client and the VPN Server, and you will take no trouble about using any applications which have been designed for LAN inside use. Because the circumstances of such a VPN Session are exactly same in the logical layer as the situation that you connect the Ethernet adapter on the laptop PC to a port of the Ethernet switch in the company. It can be said that SoftEther VPN realizes a virtual and very long network cable over the Internet. Because of this characteristic you can use your laptop PC from anywhere and anytime as exactly same as you are taking a seat just in front of the company's desk.
SoftEther VPN Client behaves as same as the computer is physically connected to the local area network.
For example, unlike layer-3 based VPNs, Windows Client PC in your home will enumerate computers
on the office network.
2.4. Benefits of Layer-2 VPN between Site-to-Site
Not only building a remote accessing VPN, but you can also establish the reliable link between or more sites. It is called "Site-to-Site VPN" . You can use such a link as a dedicated line, even if the physical underlay layer is a cheap Internet connection provided by ISPs. It is no matter of kinds of connection media to the Internet. Once you have established a VPN link between sites, after that, everyone on both sites can transmit any kinds of packets from a side to other sides.
With legacy VPNs such as IPsec or L2TP, you cannot connect two or more sites by layer-2 tunnel. You have to establish layer-3 tunnel due to limitation of such legacy VPN protocols. Then almost same problems always occur as similar to the situation of creating remote accessing VPN with legacies. The IP subnets must be different between each site. For example, Tokyo has to have 192.168.1.0/24, Beijing has to have 192.168.2.0/24, and Shanghai has to have 192.168.3.0/24. You cannot use any protocols which are depended on the broadcast packet, such as name browsing functions of Windows File Sharing implemented on SMB or CIFS. And you cannot use any non-IP protocols, neither. Not only such limitations, but also you have to design to separate IP subnets on each site. An IP subnet of a site cannot be overlapped to other sites. If you are a small company, it might become extra costs because such a designation of IP subnetting needs an adequate faculty to be conducted to prevent any trouble. And if you are a big company and want to connect many sites mutually, it will be a nightmare situation. You have to manage a lot of subnets with an effort to keep preventing to collide against any other subnets. Legacy VPN has requires us special pain to satisfy the demands of legacy VPNs if you want to adopt it for creating site-to-site VPN.
But if you use SoftEther VPN to link up the site-to-site VPN, it is very easy and reduce your effort to coop against several troublesome which might be occur when you use legacy VPNs. As mentioned former, the link between sites are always emulating as the Ethernet network cable of long distance. You have no need to design anything special to fulfill your simple demand that you want to connect remote sites. You can simply think and design your network with VPN, as exactly same as you design traditional Ethernet network topology with hub-and-spoke mode. All your knowledge known by you as common sense can be work in the VPN Session consists of SoftEther VPN. You can imagine the situation that there are three sites; Tokyo, Beijing and Shanghai, and every site have an Ethernet switch. You can connect Ethernet network cables between them. Then every computer of each sites take an access to any computer of other sites. Establishing site-to-site VPN is very simple as that example. You can connect virtual VPN Sessions between sites, instead of physical Ethernet network cables. You will enjoy VPN communication between sites, without any modification of any settings of the server computers and so on. All kinds of server services and inter-client-PC-communication applications will work well, with no difference between inside the same site and beyond the distance.
You can treat a Site-to-Site VPN as "very-long Ethernet cable between remote sites".
2.5. Virtual Hubs, Cascades and Local Bridges
SoftEther VPN Server and SoftEther VPN Bridge has the concepts of Virtual Hubs, Cascades and Local Bridges.
A Virtual Hub is an entity on the VPN Server and VPN Bridge which emulates a behavior of Ethernet switches in the real world. A Virtual Hub has its own FDB (Forwarding Database). Many of VPN Sessions will be connected to a Virtual Hub. Then every endpoint of VPN sessions can send and receive any Ethernet packets.
Any Virtual Hub can accept connections from both of VPN Clients and other Virtual Hubs. VPN Client is a software program which is running on the user's client-endpoint PC.
Virtual Hub has many connected VPN sessions and Forwarding Database (FDB) to learn MAC addresses.
On SoftEther VPN Server, you can create multiple Virtual Hubs as you wish (up to 4096). Every Virtual Hub constructs own Ethernet segment and totally separated to other Hubs even they are located on the same VPN Server computer. It is similar to a situation that there are some Ethernet switches on the same desk. Each Ethernet switch is not connected mutually so each Ethernet segment is independent. But if you connect an Ethernet network cable between any ports of every switch, Ethernet segments will be united as you did. As same as that, you can create a link between virtual Hubs on the same computer if necessary. It is called "Cascade Connection" or simply "Cascade" . Cascade is a popular technical term of Ethernet. If a cascade connection is established, then every Ethernet segment on each Virtual Hub is now united as a single segment.
And you can also create a cascade connection between remote VPN Servers. So if you have VPN Server on both side of Tokyo and Beijing, and each VPN Server has a Virtual Hub, then you can establish a cascade connection between two Hubs. Then each Hub is now united as a single segment. A computer which is belonging to Tokyo's Hub is now able to communicate to another computer which is belonging to Beijing's Hub.
You can also define multiple cascade connections on a Virtual Hub.
Define a cascade connection with GUI. It is very easy.
Only the situation of existences of Virtual Hubs, cascades and VPN Clients is not so convenient, because every computers have to be installed VPN Client each and have to connect to a Virtual Hub in order to make a communication between computers mutually. In that usage, any computers which are outside of the Virtual Hub's segment cannot participate in the communication circle. It is possible but not good for company use of VPN.
The Local Bridge function can be used to extend an Ethernet segment in Virtual Hubs to the outside physical Ethernet segments.
Local Bridge is a technology to unite the virtual Ethernet segment and the physical Ethernet segment. You company has an existing Ethernet segment on the psychical Ethernet switch. To realize a usable remote either accessing VPN or site-to-site VPN, you have to connect between the Ethernet segment on the Virtual Hub and the Ethernet segment on the physical Ethernet switch somehow. The answer is to use Local Bridge. Local Bridge can be created for a purpose to make two segments to exchange Ethernet packets mutually. If you have a Local Bridge between the physical Ethernet segment and the Virtual Hub's segment, then all computers who are connecting on the Virtual Hub can communicate to all computers on the physical existing network. Practically, Local Bridges must be applied between a Virtual Hub and an Ethernet network adapter which is connected to the physical Ethernet switch. So in order to use Local Bridge you need dedicated physical Ethernet adapter. (In fact, the Ethernet adapter can be shared with other purpose, such as transmitting packets physically to the Internet in order to keep the VPN Session, but it is highly recommended to prepare a dedicated one due to performance matter.)
Therefore, Local Bridge is a key function to fulfill the demands of creating both of remote accessing VPN and site-to-site VPN.
Local Bridge is a function to link between Virtual Segments and Physical Segments.
Combination of Local Bridge and Cascade Connection can build widely-spreaded Site-to-Site VPNs.
You can bind a lot of branches around the world.
To define a local bridge, select a Virtual Hub and a Physical Ethernet Adapter, and just click a button.
2.6. IEEE802.1Q VLAN Supports
Some large-scale enterprises adopt IEEE802.1Q VLAN for separating IP subnets on the single physical Ethernet equipment in order to reduce both administration costs and cable-wiring costs. It can also reduce the necessary number of ports on the each Ethernet switch.
SoftEther VPN is a layer-2 VPN technology, and it fully supports IEEE802.1Q Tagged VLAN packet transmitting. It is very useful feature if your company has many Ethernet segments on each site. By IEEE802.1Q VLAN technology, all Ethernet packets from each segment can be multiplexed by attaching VLAN tag on each packet. SoftEther VPN is capable to transmit any tagged VLAN packets in the case of site-to-site VPN. Thus your company can extend the tagged VLAN segments to other sites.
And as an additional function related on the VLAN transmission support, SoftEther VPN has also a function to insert and remove a VLAN tag on the packet automatically. It can be configured on each user object's security policy individually. So you can make a policy such as user-A can access to only VLAN 123, and user-B can access to only VLAN 456. All raw packets from a user will be added a tag of specified VLAN ID transparently, and all tagged toward to a user will filtered and tag will be removed transparently.
Virtual Hub can insert or remove IEEE802.1Q VLAN tag. VLAN settings is per user or group.
Define a "VLAN ID (IEEE802.1Q)" security policy per a user or per a group.
Virtual Hub learns both MAC addresses and VLAN IDs association.
2.7. Virtual Layer-3 Switch Function
You can create not only virtual layer-2 switch (Virtual Hub) on the VPN Server, but also you can create Virtual Layer-3 Switch on the VPN Server. Layer-3 switch is an entity acts with behavior same as IP router. Current version of SoftEther VPN supports only IPv4 protocol on any Layer-3 Switches. Same as Virtual Hubs, you can create multiple Virtual Layer-3 Switches on a VPN Server.
A Virtual Layer-3 Switch has multiple virtual interfaces and each interface can be connected to the Virtual Hubs on the same VPN Server. Then you can organize IPv4 subnet routing for inter-Virtual Hubs. If you want to create separated several Virtual Hubs for any reason, for example security or management convenience, but you want to enable them to be routed by IPv4 traditional routing mechanisms, it is a simple way to create Virtual Layer-3 Switches to fulfill your demand rather than placing the physical IP routers or expensive layer-3 switch products on the physical network.
A Virtual Layer-3 Switch can have a static routing table with unlimited lines. People, who have knowledge to configure IP routing design on any IP router products or layer-3 switching products, can easily configure and exploit it for any purpose.
Virtual Layer-3 Switch is a software-based IP router.
You can create unlimited number of Virtual Layer-3 Switches.
You can define unlimited number of Virtual Interfaces and Routing Table Entries.


When it comes to discovering the right VPN router for your network, there are a number of factors it is advisable to consider. If you’re attaching just one or multiple products, you’ll want to choose one that support demanding encryption. VPN routers with multiple units support one of the most encryption and really should be more than capable of handling multiple connections at once. Listed below are among the best options for this purpose. You can use one of those devices to defend your entire network from via the internet security risks.
ASUS RT-AC68U VPN Router: This dual band router includes excellent Wi fi selection, four Ethernet sockets, and two Gigahertz wireless networks. It also facilitates AiMesh, which will creates official website a flexible grid based on the household network. Its speed is excellent, and it’s the perfect choice for homes with several units or even more. For a fairly low price, this router is a great choice for the majority of VPN users.
Netgate 1100 VPN Router: This router comes pre-installed with pfSense Plus application. It is a highly secure product with 10Gbps performance and a powerful firewall that allows you to manage the network very easily. Additionally , it has a wide variety and contains 3rd party software options. Netgate 1100 is an excellent choice for the purpose of computer scientific disciplines and network administration learners looking for a reliable VPN router.


Our portfolio of collaboration devices includes everything from voice to collaboration room devices for the small business to the very large enterprise. We offer you the most complete range of solutions in the industry, so you can build the voice and video collaboration network that meets your needs.
The majority of the portfolio has been redesigned to make collaboration more affordable, accessible, and easy to use. Many of them have received the Red Dot award for excellence in design.
For organisations seeking mission-critical reliability with support for full-featured voice and unified communications for workers at a desk or shared workspace, or who are actively mobile within a campus, or collaborate in physical conference rooms, our latest-generation of product portfolios have a range of models to meet your user and budgetary needs.


Interesting facts on the history of electricity
Interesting facts on the history of electricity from one of the leading wire and cable manufacturers
Can you imagine a world where there is no electricity? No lights, no fans, nothing at all. Well, that was the world the humans lived until the early 19th century. Thanks to scientists like Galileo Ferraris, Alexander Graham Bell, Otto Blathy, Thomas Edison and many others, electricity became an essential part of our daily lives. But do you know who built the first thermal power plant? Well, it was Thomas Edison who built the first thermal power plant on Pearl Street Station in Manhattan in 1882.
To learn more interesting facts on the history of electricity, keep on reading:
- The discovery of electricity: Though in elementary schools it is taught that Benjamin Franklin discovered electricity, in reality, his famous kite experiment proved lightning has electricity. Interestingly, while conducting the famous kite experiment Franklin took all the necessary precautions like standing on an insulator and keeping himself dry. Franklin’s experiments led him to invent a lightning rod - a rod attached to the roof of the building and connected to the earth. This invention protected the buildings from lightning.
- The first practical use of electricity: One of the first practical publicly available applications of electricity was the invention of the incandescent light bulb by Thomas Edison. In early 1882, Thomas Edison illuminated JP Morgan’s Madison Avenue house with 385 lightbulbs! In September of 1882, Edison opened the Pearl Street Station. At that time there was no electric grid and people who wanted power for electric lights depended on generators located on-site. With Pearl Street Station coming into the picture, the power generation model shifted to an industrial scale.
- The foundation of electrical communication: Today, it is impossible to imagine life without mobile phones. But the very foundation of electrical communication was laid in the 1840s. The electric telegraph for the first time made it possible for mankind to send point-to-point text messages. This is what got everybody's attention. Before the invention of telegraphs, smoke signals and other visual ways of communication was used. In today’s age, can you even imagine sending your friend a smoke signal to say hi?
- AC vs DC: In the 1880s there was the war of currents between Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla. Edison developed direct current (DC) while Tesla invented alternating current (AC). The two wanted their inventions to be popular. But ultimately it was Tesla’s AC that became more popular as it was a safer option. AC can be converted to different voltages relatively easily using a transformer while DC is not easily converted to higher or lower voltages.
In today’s world, nearly everyone has electricity at home, school and at work. But we should not take this powerful force for granted. As one of the leading wire and cable manufacturers, we urge people to use safe switches, fans, wires and cables.


Sending Messages to Other Users
You can exchange messages with other user to communicate on a one-to-one basis. Any messages exchanged between the sender and recipient are kept private.
This is useful when you want to communicate only with other user (ask your supervisor/senior colleague for advice, have casual talk with your peer, etc.).
Sending Your Message by Searching for the Recipient Name
To send a private message, search for the recipient from the search field on the upper right side of the screen, and click the icon to send private messages .
When the message screen opens, enter your message and click Send.
Sending Your Message from the "People" Screen
You can also send your message from the "People" screen.
Search for the recipient to open the "People" screen, or click the quick access menu icon and then click People.
The Kintone user list is displayed.
By clicking a user, you can open the "People" screen for that user.
If you click the icon to send private messages on the right side of the "People" screen, the message screen opens.


With increasing demand for mobile connectivity, and 5G networks requiring a denser network of masts, it’s inevitable that the quantity of telecom infrastructure in the UK will substantially scale up. But a sea change may be underway in how exactly this is provided.
Historically, in the UK masts have been developed by individual operators for their exclusive use. In the last decade, this arrangement began moving towards some infrastructure sharing between operators in order to reduce costs, but in turn may have created some operational tensions, magnified by 5G rollout. Currently the industry is still largely dependent upon operator-funded infrastructure.
In contrast, the US has seen significant involvement of independent infrastructure companies to build and maintain masts which are then occupied by multiple operators. This approach is more cost effective and convenient for the operators, leaving them to concentrate on their core business.
As UK Plc looks to an increasingly digital future, operators will benefit from the increased involvement of independent infrastructure firms to expedite 5G rollout. With 20 years’ experience in the telecom infrastructure industry, and now with the benefit of the resources of a large group behind us, we're perfectly placed to help all operators roll out their 5G networks.
Are you looking for information on our site portfolio? Call us today and speak to one of our experts on +44 (0)1279 215 555 or visit our contact us page.
For the latest in industry technologies, news and company updates, follow us on LinkedIn.


AMC - Model T201
The Model T201 combines a specially configured chemiluminescence analyzer with an external thermal converter to give stable and repeatable NH3 measurements at very low levels. In addition, the T201 provides simultaneous values for NO, NO2, and NOx concentrations.
The T201 is ideal for trace ammonia monitoring applications in ambient air as well as in clean rooms and make-up air units. Optional zero and span valves allow automatic, unattended calibration checks.
The Model T201 achieves its remarkable stability by means of an AutoZero valve which measures and corrects for zero noise. Multiple self-checks are performed continuously to insure maximum up-time while an innovative sample path, plumbed with specially conditioned materials, preserves the NH3 sample and reduces interferents to a minimum.
All T Series instruments offer an advanced color display, capacitive touch screen, intuitive user interface, flexible I/O, and built-in data acquisition capability. All instrument set up, control and access to stored data and diagnostic information is available through the front panel, or via RS232, Ethernet, or USB com ports either locally or by remote connection using the included APIcom™ software.
Upon request, The Model T201 is available with the Numaview™ software. NumaView™ Remote PC software allows for a remote connection with virtual interface and data downloading capability to analyzers operating NumaView™ software.
|•||Ranges: 0-50 ppb to 0-2,000 ppb, user selectable|
|•||Independent ranges for NH3, NO, NO2, NOx|
|•||Large, vivid, and durable color graphics display with touch screen interface|
|•||Ethernet, RS-232, and (optional) USB com ports|
|•||Front panel USB connections for peripheral devices and firmware upgrades|
|•||8 analog inputs (optional)|
|•||Adaptive signal filtering optimizes response time|
|•||Temperature & pressure compensation|
|•||Comprehensive internal data logging with programmable averaging periods|
|•||Ability to log virtually any operating parameter|
|•||Available with Numaview™ software upon request|


Mobile Speed Test
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Welcome Mobile Speed Test by MobileSpeedTest.netThis speed test is uniquely designed to test your current Internet connection speed. Upon completion, you will be notified as reports about your connection. Ping, Download, Upload all in few seconds, the new version is designed to be as light as possible, without too many settings, just start the speedtest and wait for the result.
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ETHOS is designed for real-time information exchange to develop early warning and anomaly detection mechanisms across a wide range of operational technology (OT) and industrial control systems (ICS). It isn’t intended to exchange data on malware signatures.
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A Building Block for Internet of Toys (IoT)
PineappleCake is a set of add-on board and software for Arduino MKR1000 series for attaching analog sensors. Coupled with MKR1000, PineappleCake can read up-to seven physical sensors and send the values via HTTP on WiFi.
You can also attach triple-axis accelerometer on PineappleCake. The acceleration data can be accessible via wireless HTTP connection.
And one more thing, you can control a couple of LEDs also via wireless HTTP connection.
You can change the IP address of multiple PineappleCakes by using attached rotary switch so that you’ll never need to modify the source code for just changing the addresses.
|Item||Name||Spec.||#||Online shops in Japan|
|Micro Controller||Arduino MKR1000||1||Amazon|
|Triple Axis Accelerometer||MMA8452Q||MMA8452Q Breakout||1||Switch Science|
|Encoder SW.||IPADDRESS||HEX. Comprementary||1||Eleshop, Marutsu|
|Con.||J4-5||Pinheader 14p||2||Eleshop, Switch Science|
|Con.||L1-2||JST PH 2p||2||Eleshop|
|LiPo Battery||>700mAh||1||Switch Science|
The latest hardware (schematic and artwork) and software are available on GitHub.
Current: Rev. 1.2.2 Release branch (preparing for official release)
Stable: 1.0.0-RELEASE (This is a proof of concept model. Many functions mentioned above are not implemented.)
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 18K11396.


The Skinny on CCAD's Zero Clients
by Brigitte Rox, CCAD Public Affairs
Corpus Christi Army Depot's Information Technologies (IT) team are replacing thousands of thin client computers with a new zero client system. Chad Hammer (right) is leading the expansive project. Patrick Soliven (left) was one of the main engineers who designed the Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) environment. Photo by Kiana Allen (RELEASED).
Corpus Christi, TX (July 13, 2013) – To maintain the cutting edge of digital communications and technology, CCAD’s S6 – Information Technologies team deployed their new zero client system.
This will replace about 2,200 old thin client computers throughout the hangars and CCAD. Mass deployment began on July 1 and should wrap up sometime in August or September.
“The zero client is better than the thin client,” said Hector Leyva, CCAD IT System Admin. “You don’t have an actual PC at your desk but [the zero client] gives you that experience as though you do.”
While thin clients utilize a Windows Embedded Compact (CE) operating system to connect with other computers, zero clients operate using a cloud based architecture that reside in our local data center. This new technology simplifies and reduces administrative support, a move that allows S6 to become more efficient and cost effective.
Each zero client workstation will offer a full Windows 7 desktop complete with Outlook, CCAD’s e-mail system, and other applications like Microsoft Word and Electronic Shop Production System (ESPS). The clients will also have full audio to play depot videos and news programs – a welcomed change for current thin client users.
“Now you can watch the CCAD News and listen to it,” said Chad Hammer, the lead project manager for the zero client initiative. “This is becoming one of the popular features of the zero client. Thin clients could not play videos and some of the thin clients didn’t have sound at all, so you could see why many users are excited about this.”
Issues with thin clients sparked the need for this change.
“We tend to lose connection with the smartcard,” Leyva said of the old thin clients. “Users have to log off every now and then which is becoming a problem because it takes time to launch everything back up again.” In fact, thin client users had to reboot about ten times a day from Common Access Card (CAC) failure, equaling about 2.5 hours of wasted time just to log in.
But this won’t be a problem with the new zero clients. Once a user logs in, they stay in. The login procedure is also faster. IT found no CAC issues with zero client hardware or applications.
The system is an obvious boon for IT. “It allows S6 to standardize and improve the end user computing experience and back-end infrastructure management,” said Connie Salas, S6 Director. “The standardization will result in increased mission effectiveness through improved accessibility, user device flexibility, tightly controlled security and enhanced computing capability.
For CCAD’s IT technicians, zero clients mean better support and fewer trips to physical workstations since most issues can be resolved via remote troubleshooting. It should only take about 20 minutes to replace each system. Once they’re installed, users can log back in, launch their new profile, and start rolling.


Cloud computing is estimated at $300 bln of revenue in the context of IT services in 2020. Know how cloud for telecom operators opens up the new world of B2B and B2C communications.
The global telecom cloud market impresses with figures nine zeros growth. You may define what cloud computing in telecommunications means and how it works below.
Learn more about the values clouds bring to telecom operators providing new opportunities for business and consumers.
Stay keeping posted about pacesetters and unexpected strategy chances that may happen during transformation cloud and telecom.
Read on how Aimprosoft can help with a shift from traditional on-premises model to the progressive cloud deployment.
Telcos have to compete with web scale cloud-based companies like WhatsApp, Skype, Telegram, Viber, iMessenger, and Google hangouts that have become the main pocket communication channels for everyone. They pose a great threat to telecommunications.
The figures prove their undisputed popularity: in 2020, cloud computing brought $300 bln of revenue as a part of IT services. That shows the growing trend of transformation of communication services at all. Meaning, telecom has to accelerate, and to do that is possible by deploying infrastructure in the cloud.
$900 bln spendings worldwide are forecasted from telecom providers in mobile capital expenditures (CapEx) for 2021-2025, approximately 80% of which will be focused on 5G run on cloud infrastructure.
What Is Cloud Computing in Telecommunications?
Generally, telecom software runs on dedicated computer appliances. Service providers who want to advance agility and stay affordable at operational spendings consider using cloud infrastructure instead of traditional network architectures.
Cloud computing in telecom is a software-defined infrastructure that allows telcos to store and process data remotely in the data processing centers, expand services quickly and react to the surge in changes. It is a keystone of telecom digital transformation from CSP to a digital service provider (DSP).
Cloud computing types
There is three cloud computing models widely adopted by telcos to facilitate business growth:
Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) when the telecom provider uses the computing resources of the provider (server, network infrastructure, data storage);
Platform-as-a-service (PaaS) when the PaaS supplier provides the telecom provider with access to the use of the software platform;
Software-as-a-service (SaaS) when a telecom provider can use a vendor’s off-the-shelf application.
Indeed, cloud computing grants unfettered powers to the telecom sector: providers of communication services can store and compute data, build networks, keep databases, and cope with other telecom cloud services being accessed through the Internet autonomously. It can be a universal computing tool with broad comprehension.
To harness cloud computing, telcos can use cloud computing provider services. For example, Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, Alibaba are public clouds intensively used by telecom providers Raketen, Vodafone, Verizon in terms of on-demand infrastructure. The giants thus cut costs on operations and life-cycle management.
If you’re not cloudified yet, you probably do not know the major benefits of cloud computing for the telecom industry yet. Let’s move to a rundown of pros, in that case.
Benefits of Cloud for Telecom Operators
Telecom has gained even more unlimited opportunities to increase consumer demand from 2020 and has never been more for people due to the remote communication caused by the pandemic. Work, personal communication, medical services, food delivery, entertainment, and other basic human needs were forced to happen through telecommunication.
The role of cloud computing there is to increase the reach of telecommunications across the world using leading-edge technologies. And it has not stopped there.
Scale ups and downs
Network infrastructure in the cloud allows businesses to be agile when upsurges in abrupt or seasonal services demand and drop in. You can expand capacity scaling to sustain consumer activity for telecom services and narrow down if necessary in real-time.
Public clouds may become a way out in the case of disruptive events like power outages, cyber attacks, security breaches, to name a few. Backups in the cloud are an opportunity for companies to be on the safe side about critical services failover in time during unplanned accidents. Moreover, systems can be more resilient during peak and seasonal loads.
The cloud environment is a good place for network functions development and running, which accelerates product launch. Telecom can save time for the deployment and faster deliver critical solutions, respond to customers’ calls, be a step ahead standing out from its competitors.
Better customer experience
Cloud computing might turn out to be an advantageous go-the-automation route in sustained customer engagement. Latency cutback, automated, and as a result, quick customer support, analysis and consumer behavior prediction practices, and wider digital communication options are a shortlist of possible scenarios.
Broader service perspective
Due to cloud computing, telecom operators can transform into digital providers. IT and communication services can be delivered over any network, be it fixed connection, mobile, or worldwide one. It makes communication possible in ways never before considered by connecting any user to any device apart from a phone: messaging, audio and video calls, conferences, broadcasting, etc.
The videoconferencing platform Zoom crushed expectations with $328 million in revenue. We told about it here.
Cloud computing from a telco’s perspective attracts first of all by its L4-L7 connections and virtual private network (VPN) offering that is of a high-grade class. By using these functions, telecommunication companies can deliver a greater value to their customers due to monitoring network layers within the OSI, aligning load balancing, using web application firewalls, and discovering services.
One of the major benefits of cloud computing in the form of IaaS is that telecom operators have to pay for the cloud services for telecom they use, cutting their operating costs. Under a pay-as-you-go model, companies pay for consumed compute power only, much like electricity, which reduces the operating expense.
While customer support automation matters, network automation is arguably the most essential direction of investments expected to overcome $22 bln by 2027 comparatively to $4 bln in 2019. Telcos see a great sense in transformation from manual building of new network parts, deploying solutions, orchestrating, and monitoring networks to relying on software.
Harness customer data
Cloud is a natural environment for faster data processing. Since the consumer-generated volume of data is enormous, telecom expresses the need to process it easier and faster. Moreover, leveraging gained insights from data processing becomes possible due to data science algorithms and advanced cloud analytics, which is highly valuable for business at any time.
In short, cloud computing initiatives adopted by telcos promise broader portfolio offerings, cut costs on operation, and deliver immersive customer experiences.
Top 7 Trends of Cloud Computing and Telecommunications
Trend #1 is a race for scalability and resiliency
There is a race for scalability and resilience. To achieve it, the entire infrastructure and application stack must be cloud-based. The public cloud market is mainly divided by three leading players, who brought over $33 bln in Q1 2021 in the total basket of $41.8 bln. Basically, telecom pays cloud vendors for storage applications, servers, and CRM systems.
Trend #2 stands for cloud-native network functions (CNFs)
Software-defined networking (SDN) was replaced by network functions virtualization (NFV), gaining independence from proprietary servers and hardware. The current networking functions of telecom providers are relentlessly demanding to transform into cloud networking functions. Where would that get us? CNFs allow enterprises to be flexible and scalable without a vendor lock, with cluster containers handy for infrastructure management. There is a maximum market coverage of service providers with cable, mobile, video, security, and network infrastructure. Also, cloud-native architectures mean a combo of CNFs and VNFs while adopting 5G.
Trend #3 favors for hybrid cloud hosting
Hybrid cloud is a combo of the private and public clouds where data and apps are interoperable and portable horizontally and allow sharing data and applications between them. Hybrid clouds bring to companies automation as a part of the strategic initiatives, ensuring that applications built today will be valid in the future. A tendency to open hybrid architecture provides consumers with simplicity in adopting DevOps methodologies, application delivery, and uncovering portfolio potential.
Trend #4 is formation of cloud + IoT ecosystems
Major carriers are investing in cloud and IoT ecosystems to bring additional value to their existing networks, making them one of the top trophies for global cloud hyperscalers, service providers, and system integrators. So-called IoT cloud offers get the underlying infrastructure and services for IoT devices and apps off the shelf. While everyone has different strategic goals, carriers are a coveted partner for cloud providers.
Cloud is perfect for the Internet of Things. How to build an IoT application we described in our article.
The Internet of Things, ubiquitous globally, is based on edge computing. For telecom, reducing latency is critical in terms of customer service. New applications and services on the network based on edge computing as a form of cloud computing can improve the performance of existing applications, enable low latency and high bandwidth, master device processing, and data offload, and many more. Telcos long to have a seamless execution environment with no barriers in the churn ‘device – the edge of the network – cloud’.
Trend #6 means collaboration of cloud providers and telecom
Partnership between hyperscalers and telcos is reasonable not only for moving enterprise workloads to the cloud. Сloud operators and telecom operators join forces to expand 5G and edge collaboration as Google Cloud and AT&T did developing a low-latency compute and storage environment for getting enterprise and customer experiences on a new level, a 10-year strategic alliance with TELUS and partnership with Telefónica on delivering security and data protection standards and solutions for 5G.
Verizon 5G Edge is a project of joint collaboration of Verizon and Amazon Web Services to connect users, devices, and applications the fastest possible way. Deutsche Telekom jointly with AWS and Microsoft offers multi-cloud landscapes for customers.
Trend #7 reflects ambitions of being almighty
Telecom is not complacent and begins to harness the capabilities of cloud providers to create their own cloud-native solutions providing access to communication standards of the fifth generation in return. Japanese Rakuten is determined to develop a mobile cloud network to commercialize it for other CSPs further.
How to Deploy Telecom in the Cloud: migration strategy elements
By 2023 nearly two-thirds of the global population will be using the internet and generate a whopping amount of data.
Seeing these figures, leaders might be shivering because the lack of storage may catch them by surprise.
Some telecom providers have already succeeded by employing the cloud as data centers, reducing CapEx and OpEx. How can telcos harness the cloud step by step? Read further to find some elements of cloud computing adoption that might fill up your deployment strategy.
Virtual network functions migration
Small things are faster to deploy. It happens you have no capacity for migration or seem unreasonable to move the entire infrastructure into the cloud at the moment. Under those circumstances it is possible to make in the cloud for dedicated network functions that are most critical for being containerized or in some cases re-architected as cloud-native.
Having tried partial cloudification, you may proceed with deploying applications to the cloud-native infrastructure. If you do not have several months to go live, it is reasonable to do it with microservices. It will allow you to run many different applications from the ecosystem with the same tools. At this step, you gain automation with OpenStack technology through VNF managers.
To succeed with cloud deployment in full, you need a set of practical tools for orchestration and automation. Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is the management of infrastructure similar to the process of programming software. Widely used infrastructure-as-code tools are Terraform, Chef, Puppet, Ansible, Cloud Deployment Manager, CloudFormation, and others.
We are concerned about the right migration. That’s why we decided to make a CBM module that accelerates migration to the cloud and help retail companies improve their operation.
Also, network implementation by deployment can be in the form of:
private cloud — a local infrastructure dedicated solely to your organization;
public cloud — on-demand infrastructure delivered via the Internet;
hybrid cloud — combo of the private and public cloud where data and apps are interoperable and portable horizontally.
According to your transformation strategy, you may choose any type, referring to economic and mindset readiness and capability necessity. A private and public couple is the most common, by the way.
As you saw it, the best way is to transform gradually. Adoption by small pieces is less risky and more productive.
Do you want to learn how Aimprosoft can assist you in deployment? See below.
How Aimprosoft Can Help Implement Cloud Computing in Telecom
We’ve been working with telecoms for almost ten years. We have helped the British telecom provider Virtual1 improve the work of their company, withstand the competition, and offer the best service to their customers.
Our path from acquaintance with the telecom industry to the first mutual victories we have thoroughly explained in our case study.
There are some important points we’ve tried to make throughout this overview around telecommunications and cloud computing, but we want to recap them now to make the point more clear.
Cloud computing pretends to be the primary enabler of stable growth for telecom providers. Leading cloud providers literally fight for telecom providers to make a mutual collaboration offering cloud advantage in exchange for access to 5G possibilities. What exactly about the benefits of cloud that are so desirable for telcos are greater business agility, better customer satisfaction, and cost reduction on maintenance.
Aimprosoft is here to assist you with deployment models suitable for your business case. We can start with an intro talk to outline your challenges and see how we can help you deal with them.
Which cloud provider is the most popular?
The public cloud provider favored by most enterprises in 2020 turned out to be Amazon Web Services with a 76% adoption. The second follows Microsoft Azure grabbing 69% of market share, and Google Cloud closes up the top three being satisfied with a ⅓ share. Figures may seem polysemantic that is because enterprises rely on multiple telecom cloud providers preventing vendor-lock.
Why multicloud is important in the telecom sector?
Telecom companies prefer to use multiple cloud computing services within a single network architecture. Multicloud environment may be mixed of private, public, and hybrid type. Distribution of computer resources protects them from dependency on one contractor and allows having multiple storages for customer and business generated data.
How secure are public clouds from hacker attacks?
There is no 100% confidence in cloud security equally to the safety of private networks. However, cloud providers are concerned about the safety of assets stored and operated in their environments harnessing technological advancements to conquer fears and build secure services. If there is no solution, leading operators won’t adopt cloud services for telecom at all.
We are here to assist with your questions. Write us a message, and we will get back to you shortly.


Editor’s note: The following is a press release from the City of Bloomington. Bloom has republished it here with minor edits for style and clarity.
Mayor John Hamilton has announced that the City of Bloomington and public infrastructure developer Meridiam have signed a letter of intent (LOI) for the firm to build and operate a fiber network to bring high-speed internet to Bloomington residences. By the end of the year, the City plans to enter into an agreement with Meridiam to construct an open-access fiber-optic network delivering gigabit-class and greater broadband service throughout Bloomington, including the city’s low-income neighborhoods. Meridiam intends to begin construction in 2022.
Establishing a high-speed, citywide fiber network has been a priority of the Hamilton administration since 2016, with the goal of providing broad and equitable access to an essential 21st-century technology. Since 2016, the City has sought a partner that shares the City’s commitment to digital equity to develop, build and operate a citywide, financially feasible system featuring open architecture to encourage its use by multiple providers. After several explorations of prospective partnerships with fiber network providers, this LOI is the culmination of nearly a year of discussion with and site visits from Meridiam.
“We’re very pleased to be working with such a capable and promising partner in Meridiam, aiming to invest over $40 million to advance our digital infrastructure,” says Mayor Hamilton. “Our 2020 Digital Equity Survey confirmed the persistence of significant broadband needs and gaps that make this news particularly welcome. And we all know how important digital connections are to daily quality of life and prosperity. Establishing the opportunity for households across the community to access high-speed internet represents significant progress toward our digital equity goals. With this LOI, we are outlining a major step to equip Bloomingtonians with the tools they need to learn, work, and fully participate in contemporary life, and at the same time advancing our city’s economic development.”
The City and Meridiam plan to execute a full agreement by December 31. Meridiam will then complete its detailed engineering analysis to plan and design the build-out of the open-access fiber network. Meridiam plans to contract with at least one internet service provider to use the new network to deliver high-speed services within Bloomington. Meridiam expects to build the network without a financial commitment from the City. The City and Meridiam are exploring a financial partnership to fund a substantial digital equity program to improve access for residences in low-income areas.
The LOI stipulates that Meridiam intends to build a broadband network covering virtually all and at least 85% of Bloomington residences, including the areas currently approved for annexation if they go forward. The LOI indicates the network will be an open-access model, meaning that any internet provider may lease the infrastructure after an initial restricted period. The LOI commits Meridiam and the City to achieve digital equity goals and the principle of net neutrality—that all internet communications are to be treated equally.
In connection with discussions that began with Bloomington, Meridiam identified additional communities where an investment in an open-access network appeared feasible. Thus, after commencing in Bloomington, Meridiam is also planning similar investments in other municipalities in central Indiana. “We are proud to lead and anchor what has become a regional broadband initiative reaching well beyond Bloomington,” says Mayor Hamilton.
Installing a broadband network across Bloomington is part of the City’s larger plan to improve digital equity in the community, which is mapped in the Digital Equity Strategic Plan (2020).


Currently, millions of people are so glued to their mobile phones that they really do not remember how life was before smartphones became a reality. According to World Mobile Applications Market, there are about seven billion applications that were globally made in the year 2009. These mainly came from natural and third-party application stores that generated big revenue in the same year. It is expected that in the year 2015 this mobile application market would be worth $24.4 billion. This is at least a 64% increased rate from the year 2009. The mobile application market is growing due to advancement in network technologies, growing adaptation on smartphones, and lower mobile data usage cost. From this article, you will know how the mobile phone serves as a lodging place for cloud application development. While not all mobile devices can do the job, this would be in reference to most new-generation mobile phone devices.
The Rise of Mobile Cloud Computing
With the progression of mobile cloud computing, greater efforts have been exerted just to develop platforms for cloud-based mobile applications. Mobile computing and cloud computing are the same technologies that move applications from the user to the server. Building applications for mobile cloud is relatively diverse from developing applications for a traditional smartphone such as iPhone or Android. However, in the long run, mobile cloud computing models will generate more revenue for application developers, and will open its doors to more developers.
From Cellular Devices to App Development
Mobile phone companies can create their own parallel cloud for them to develop mobile applications. This simply means that mobile phone users need not go online to find stores for installation of applications. In other words, the procurement of mobile applications will become obsolete since the user should only rent a space to utilize network cache.
It is true that not all cellular devices can easily access an integral cellular cloud unless all developers will make a trademark that will support the application. This is not a difficult process since they can even run from their current mobile operating system, which by the way, is doing pretty well. Thus with this concept cloud computing would achieve a new dimension from the ones we are used to seeing now.
If what analysts say are to be believed, then in future there would be no need to install applications as they would run on a cloud environment and you only need to have an interface to operate it. Some technologies that facilitate these kinds of improvements are now available. In line with this, applications that are being installed and run can be more accessible and easy to use.
Setting up Mobile Applications
Other than smartphone developers and manufacturers, there are now experts who have cellular computing software. This paves the way for new mobile services and applications. They have their own packages that include excellent operating systems, which borrow from a computer-based cloud. It means that their main role is to prepare the cellular cloud to run similar to the latest technology needed for certain software. For this, more companies should also be in line with this kind of technological change.
Though mobile sectors are known to be the fastest growing platforms for applications, it has also some issues and one of these is the interruption in network connection. Sometimes, you may experience that the download frequency is less and your broadband device is blinking. Some people may also experience inactivity of voice calls during the web-based procedure. Other mobile application marketplaces are not structured in terms of ad- revenue generation. Ads in free applications might be annoying to users, consumes more battery resources and turn off users.
Despite these issues, the development and setup of mobile applications are still rich in application achievements because it has opened a new source of revenue for mobile phone manufacturers. You will see that in the near future, iOS and android will no longer lodge on up-to-date devices. Not only will mobile application development remain an inspirational element for all users, it can also serve as people’s helping hand to create and improve mobile applications to produce great success.
Be Part of Our Cloud Conversation
About the Guest Author:
Mandira Srivastava is a fulltime freelance writer who specializes in technology, health and fitness, politics, and financial writing. Equipped with degree of mass communication and having worked for both private and corporate clients, I have experience meeting a wide range of writing requirements and styles.


The team is engaged with the vendor and seeing indications that the impact is subsiding.
Posted May 06, 2021 - 15:52 CDT
We are investigating an issue with our third-party DNS provider, who is currently experiencing performance issues. Customers will experience intermittent issues while navigating help.lightspeedsystems.com.
Posted May 06, 2021 - 15:38 CDT
This incident affected: Lightspeed Customer Portal / Web Site.


HDMI type D connector is designed for cell phones, pocket cameras, and other portable devices where space is at a premium. Roughly the size of a Micro USB connector, it packs all the power and functionality of an HDMI link into a tiny form factor. Featuring a full 19-pin array, the HDMI Micro Connector can handle video signals up to 1080p.
Standard HDMI (Type A) to Micro HDMI (Type D) cable provides connections between the micro connector on your portable device to the standard HDMI connector found on most video displays allowing you to play back your high definition mobile content on your big screen HDTV. A great way to share your media experience with friends and family.


Your business, employees, and clients depend on your phone system to be reliable and functional for your day-to-day operations. If the reliability or functionality is questionable, something needs to be done!
Perhaps, your system is getting you by, day-to-day but are you up to date on current telecom communications technologies? What’s out there to help improve productivity and enhance client relations? MITS SFL is an authorized Cytracom business partner specializing in all type of VoIP telephone systems.
We’ve been helping companies conduct their business for over 5 years!
Solutions start as low at $29.99 per phone.


Current Electronic Systems are high density heat dissipating zones which require efficient cooling. It is very important that all components of the Electronic System receive adequate cooling so that the component temperature remains below the critical limits. The Electronic System design becomes more complex due to variable heat loads on different components. It is very important to predict the temperature at P-N junction of IC’s as overheating of electronic components may cause loss of data, malfunctioning of equipment which leads to catastrophic results. Also it is very important to predict hot spots within Electronic system and eliminate them. The performance of the Electronic System depends on the efficient cooling and this can be achieved by CFD.
Flow and thermal analysis of electronic system was carried out at board level and system level. The main challenge in analyzing the Electronic System was to mesh the geometry and account for heat load of various electronic components present in the system. Board level CFD analysis was carried out to determine the temperature at P-N junctions of IC’s. The temperature observed at the junction was within the range of acceptable limits. Then system level analysis was carried out for observing the performance of Electronic System under various failure scenarios like 1/2/3/4 fans fail. Also the transient simulation of Electronic System was carried out for determining the time period for which system can work without any issues.


policy and advocacy
Issue Brief: Federal Communication Commission
Protecting Performing Arts Audio Technology (PDF)
We ask Congress to:
- Urge the FCC to expand Part 74 eligibility for licensing of wireless microphones to include performing arts organizations and venues, educational facilities, religious institutions, and museums. This expanded licensing eligibility would also ensure these entities access to all interference protection measures.
For the past 35 years, wireless microphone users including nonprofit performing arts organizations as well as commercial theaters, museums, schools, and musicians have utilized equipment operating within the “white space” radio frequencies between broadcast channels of the television band. The FCC has already authorized new white space devices, such as PDAs, cordless phones, and wireless laptops, to operate in the TV band. While the FCC has not previously made provision to license the use of wireless microphones by performing arts organizations and venues, educational institutions and museums, the agency has recognized the importance of these incumbent users in its proceedings. In order to avoid radio interference to professional wireless microphone and audio systems, as well as new white space devices, the FCC has proposed development of a geo-location database, which would provide an interference protection mechanism.
Wireless microphone technology is commonly used in the performing arts. For more than three decades, this technology has allowed unrestricted onstage movement and sophisticated sound. Wireless systems are also heavily utilized backstage for the two-way radios used by stagehands to communicate and execute complex technical activity. Interference to these backstage communications could compromise safety for performers and audiences.
In order to assure access to this geo-location database as well as any other interference protection measures, performing arts organizations and venues, educational facilities, and museums must be eligible to apply for a license to operate their wireless microphones. As the FCC works to develop the technical and operational rules to regulate new wireless devices, it must also strive to safeguard existing services, including wireless microphones, while committing to opening the spectrum to new uses. H.R. 4353, introduced by Rep. Bobby Rush (D-IL), would require the FCC to authorize access by operators of wireless microphones to the geo-location database. Performing arts organizations and venues, educational facilities, and museums would benefit from interference protections provided by the FCC with a goal of preserving interference-free entertainment, sports, news, religious, and other productions as well as protections for new electronic devices.
- The FCC recently adopted an order which mandates that wireless microphones cease operating in the 700 MHz band by June 12, 2010. Most microphone systems would have to be replaced in order to comply with the FCC Order. The Association of Performing Arts Presenters reports that its members have spent between $25,000 and $900,000 on wireless microphone equipment that will need to be replaced. A number of regional theaters have reported that the cost of transition has averaged $25,000 so far. According to the Educational Theatre Association, high school theater programs, on average, will incur between $8,000–$10,000 in equipment replacement costs. These costs must be incurred on a quick timeline and endured by institutions least able to afford this transition, in an economic climate in which public and private funding from all sources is diminished.
- As the FCC receives comments on its Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, it is important to remind the agency that interference would adversely affect the ability to provide the high-quality performances that audiences have come to expect at performing arts organizations and venues, educational institutions, and museums. There are more than 21,000 school theater programs in the United States; restrictions on wireless microphone use would impact approximately 500,000 students enrolled in those programs. Performances by opera and dance companies, symphony orchestras, and regional theaters reach a combined audience of 104 million Americans annually and collectively represent an annual $6.8 billion dollar industry. Professional wireless capability is essential to the professional nonprofit performing arts sector.
- The impact on touring Broadway productions in 240 cities across North America—seen by more than 17 million theater-goers each year—would be devastating. Broadway theaters in New York attract 12 million theater-goers per year, support 45,000 full-time equivalent jobs, and generate an economic impact of $4.8 billion—an industry that would be crippled without wireless capability. This is indicative of the impact on performing arts venues in general.
- Some systems for hearing impaired theatre patrons rely on wireless microphone technology and frequencies. Without the proper operation of these technologies, our hearing impaired patrons will suffer inferior quality performances.


Up to 500 km of wires are laid in modern aircraft. ARTS, with its highly qualified and aviation-licensed teams, provides you with support in the production, maintenance and re-equipping of aircraft in the field of electrical installations and avionics. Many of our employees are EASA certified and are authorised to certify aeronautical equipment with their CAT A and/or CAT B licences.
ARTS is able to check the functionality of components using various diagnostic systems and test software in order to replace defective components in the event of a malfunction. In addition, our aircraft electronics technicians install and configure new electrical assemblies. These include various sensor systems, hydraulic and pneumatic control elements, but also radar and autopilot systems. We lay power, data and signal wires or replace and wire complete wire harnesses. Additionally, we manufacture and repair wiring harnesses in accordance with customer requirements in our own wire shop. With our mobile teams and flexible working methods, we can offer all these avionics services at your site or at one of our service locations in the form of industrial outsourcing.
We offer all our services as customised work packages that can be fully adapted to your requirements and needs. Whether you need aerostructure support in one of your production facilities or would like to use one of our sites, ARTS will support you regardless of location.
We have our own wire shop where we manufacture your wires according to your specifications.
Due to various different customer projects, we are able to seamlessly integrate our work into your processes.
ARTS has special tools for the production and repair of wire harenesses test equipment and wire boards.
You have access to all project data at all times. You are automatically informed about all KPIs, milestones, necessary updates, etc.
Our aircraft electronics technicians have all the necessary qualifications, e.g. CAT-A, CAT-B2.
You will have a single point of contact for the complete project duration.
years of aerospace experience
project hours worked in aerospace
highly qualified employees
satisfied aerospace customers
Do you have a specific question or a special requirement? Contact us for an initial consultation without any obligations.
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My name is Katie, and I love technology. For years, I worked in a child care centre, and now, I volunteer in an adult literacy classroom. In both of thee situations, I have been impressed by the use of technology. I have seen it integrated in a lot of useful and surprising ways. If you want to use technology in any classroom, my blog will help you generate ideas and learn how to use them effectively. I have three kids, but they are all grown, leaving me with ample time to write. Please, get comfortable and explore these posts. Thanks for finding my blog!
Backbone cabling is probably the most important part of the communication system in your organisation. It provides the required interconnection between the components of the system, which enables you to stay connected. The automation of machines and the ability to perform numerous activities from one machine without having to move from one office to another is made possible by backbone cabling. Therefore, you need a reliable and secure cabling mechanism for you to enjoy top notch performance from your system. Here are few reasons you should consider using fibre optic cables for backbone cabling within your organisation:
Unlike the regular cables, fibre optics offer more bandwidth that enables them to carry heavy loads in terms of data. Therefore, they extend your ability to download, upload, and send large megabytes of data at once, which helps you to save time. You do not have to send data in bits anymore. Particularly, the single-mode fibre optics cables offer the largest bandwidths, and they have no secondary requirements such as a limited amount of data you are allowed to send over a certain period, say one month.
Better speed and data carrying distance
The fibre optic signals are made of light. The fibre optic cables use light pulses to transmit data from one point to another. Therefore, the data moves at a high speed and great distance like a beam of light. However, certain attributes such as the wavelength, network, and the style of the cable can limit the distances over which the fibre optic cable can transmit data. Regardless of these limitations, they still carry data over longer distances than the regular twisted cables, which often necessitate the installation of a booster.
The private and confidential nature of the information of your business is paramount in today's unpredictable business world. Your data should be safe from unauthorised access by competitors and hackers who can use it to defraud or manipulate your organisation. Thankfully, the fibre optic cables are reliably secure. They do not radiate signals when data is being transmitted, which makes it difficult for the unintended audience to tap that information.
Furthermore, the transmission of data uses several wavelengths, which makes it hard for hackers to read and understand your information because they cannot tap into all the wavelengths at the same time. Lastly, fibre optics transmission for your backbone cabling enables you to have all the necessary hardware in a central location rather than having wiring units and equipment all over the building.


By Caetano Notari
A reality in several countries around the world, 5G technology promises a faster and more economical mobile internet connection, guaranteeing important benefits in areas such as transport and telemedicine, for example. According to Anatel (National Telecommunications Agency), the fifth generation of mobile telephony should soon arrive in Brazil, initially operating in all capitals and in the Federal District, by July 2022. the technology will be present in all cities with more than 30,000 inhabitants by July 2029.
Just as the arrival of 5G is already a reality, cloud adoption has become one of the biggest competitive advantages for organizations. Currently, 81% of companies worldwide have at least one application or part of their computer infrastructure based on the cloud. In this sense, how can the arrival of 5G technology impact the adoption of the cloud in Brazilian companies?
The impact of 5G technology on cloud computing
The additional speed of 5G over 4G will be a major driver for cloud , as all the factors once considered barriers to entry now diminish, making the popularization of cloud services even greater.
Compared to the previous technology, 5G has significant improvements, as each generation advances in communication between devices and networks. In this way, the communication becomes more efficient, since the speed is increased and with that, the latency time is reduced. Therefore, the time taken for the information to go back and forth is much smaller.
Low latency is critical for the cloud to operate as it should and deliver the benefits it is intended to. Reduced latency time ensures that companies don't have to wait long to access data stored in the cloud or even to perform operations in cloud-based software With low latency and more access availability, 5G will make it possible to exchange information almost instantly between systems. In this sense, two internet factors become relevant: speed (for low latency) and availability (for connectivity).
With this, important technological trends, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality and augmented reality, will be leveraged, since 5G will promote more quality and efficiency in the exchange of information between different types of devices.
The effects of 5G technology for companies
The use of cloud services was already irreversible and the pandemic only boosted the acceleration of digital transformation in companies of all sizes and segments. In this atypical period, many institutions rethought their work regime and started to adopt a hybrid model, which will benefit from 5G. Environments that use platforms such as Google Workspace or Office 365, for example, will have improved collaborative work, as access to the cloud will be even faster, optimizing the productivity of teams in all sectors of the company.
Important segments of the Brazilian economy will be directly affected by the arrival of this innovation. The agrarian market in Brazil, for example, has an extremely evolved production, as it has state-of-the-art technologies that help define, from the reduction of pesticides, efficiency in the use of fertilizers and the improvement of production. With several applications and systems that need a fast connection, the introduction of 5G can enhance the entire crop production process.
The manufacturing sector, especially with regard to complex goods, demands access to a connection with reduced latency, so 5G will also have a significant impact on optimizing production. The new technology will play an important role even in the daily lives of retail professionals, as card machines will be able to carry out transactions even faster and more efficiently when shopping.
How 5G can become a mass technology
However, it is necessary to massify to reduce the costs involved. The greater the offer of a network, the better and more qualified people will be to carry out their functions. By making technology cheaper, it is possible to deliver more and more quantity and quality of data.
Brazil is ready for the arrival of 5G. In November 2021, an auction was held with connectivity service operators, which raised more than R$ 47 billion, according to Anatel. This auction demanded coverage and deadlines for operators, which will allow the network to be available, in a short time, for those who have this option on their cell phones. It is an important action because, when the technology starts to scale, device prices will drop considerably, which will allow 5G to have an even more relevant impact on companies that are, and those that are yet to enter digital transformation journey .
Caetano Notari is Product Manager at Sky.One , a company specialized in the development of platforms that automate and facilitate the use of cloud computing.


Small businesses nowadays rely greatly on the use of computers, regardless of the nature of the business. Computers play a vital role in running a business; not only are they used to store data but also as means to communicate with others. With that, computer servers are as important as basic computers. Well, actually for a small business, computer servers are a necessity.
So what exactly is a computer server? A computer server is basically a computer hardware designed to act as a server. Servers operate in a way to serve requests from clients, or the computers. Requests may be to share a data or information or to run certain applications installed only in the server then accessed through a client computer. Usually there is only one computer server and multiple clients or computers. This type of network connection is called “client-server” network. This network set-up is typical among small to large scale businesses.
A computer server usually looks like a typical computer, the one you see everyday. However, a desktop computer only works on it’s own. Meaning the applications stored in the desktop computer are only accessible through this particular desktop computer. Unlike computer servers where applications installed in the computer can be accessed using various desktop computers connected to the server. Desktop computers may be configured to act as a server, however, the hardware specifications should be upgraded to accommodate bigger data storage and processing capacity.
Computer servers are classified according to their specific task, also called dedicated server or a Virtual Private Server. For instance, a server may function solely to serve requests from printers is called print servers, or a server that serves data requests is called data server. Generally, servers can be classified into four categories: proxy servers, FTP servers, web servers and application servers. These four are the most commonly used types of servers. Servers may be built according to their purpose, but the basic components are usually the same.
Probably the oldest type of server in use. FTP servers, or file transfer protocol servers allows transfer of data between computers in a more secure way. To transfer files from one computer to another, they must connect to the FTP server, which then connects the two computers virtually, regardless of their physical location.
Web servers acts as the content storage of web browser files and are loaded to the web browser with every request. The communication between a web browser and a server is through HTTP. For instance, you are downloading a file in the internet, your request is sent to the web server via HTTP. The web server, which stores the file you need, loads the file to the web browser to make it available to you.
Probably the biggest server in terms of computing capacity. Application servers, as the name implies, stores applications used by number of clients or computers. Hundreds of computers may me accessing a certain application at the same time, thus a large computing capacity is required.
As the name implies, proxy servers are computer servers that allows clients to connect to another network service. A client uses the proxy server to request or access a file that is stored in a different server.


You need support with a video surveillance setup and a security setup! Having a security guard on site is a traditional way of protecting property. With the advent of affordable video surveillance systems, the number of security guards on the property has decreased.
In today's security world, CCTV provides new property protection and effectively eliminates the need for on-site security personnel. That is why hiring an electrician for CCTV or security camera installation in Mitcham is a must.
Motion detection circuits have been installed in CCTV cameras for years. Multiplexers and digital video recorders have installed motion detection circuits. This motion detector circuit area can be adjusted for each camera view.
In the past, this field was used to display the camera view on the main monitor for on-site security personnel. The alarm on the motion detector also signals the video recorder or DVR to start recording in real-time.
In today's world of security, motion detection alarm status opens an internet connection to a central station monitoring multiple objects or facilities. With this function, one central station operator can monitor multiple objects.
This feature eliminates the need to hire security personnel at each location to monitor on-site cameras (so it's important to install CCTV installations when installing security). After receiving an alarm, the central station operator can notify the local law enforcement agency or, if the alarm goes wrong, cancel the alarm and reset the system.


The first major development in computer technology was in 1946, with a vacuum tube-based computer model that was produced to aid in military efforts. Since the invention of computers and the internet, technology including operating systems, platforms, hardware and software has rapidly advanced. Mobile computing technology has redefined how nations communicate as well as how information is sent and received. From laptops to netbooks to smartphones, e-readers and tablets, the options as of 2014 are endless and mounting.
People use mobile computing in every aspect of life, whether it is to send a quick email, upload and share photos or read entire books. Computers no longer exclusively belong to a few select businesses; rather, computer technology is easily accessible to every person, young or old. Even those who have disabilities can utilize computer technology, thanks to developments in assistive technologies.


Amazon Prime Air
Prime Air is a project from Amazon’s next-generation Research & Development lab. The goal of this future Amazon delivery system is to get packages into customers’ hands in 30 minutes or less using unmanned aerial vehicles.
At Wing we’re building the next generation of delivery drones, and working toward the day when these aircraft can deliver everything from consumer goods to emergency medicine. We’re also developing an unmanned airspace traffic management platform that will enable our fleet of drones to safely share the sky with other operators. Together we’re building a new commerce system that opens up universal access to the sky.
Verizon is one of the largest communication technology companies in the world. Every day, we connect millions of people, companies and communities with our powerful technology. We’re using our award-winning network to make breakthroughs in interactive entertainment, digital media, the Internet of Things and broadband services for customers.


Battery technology has not been able to keep pace with developments in the smartphone sector over the last decade. The two biggest issues with batteries available in the market today are that they are underpowered for power guzzling smartphones and the recharge time is very high. Here are three environmentally friendly batteries in the making that could disrupt the way the smartphone is powered:
1. StoreDot’s Molecular Technology
StoreDot, an Israeli company, specializing in nanotechnology, has announced a revolutionary supercapacitor that can charge a dying phone battery in close to 30 seconds. StoreDot discovered this solution by accident while working on a project on Alzheimer’s disease. They found the peptide molecule that was naturally able to hold the charge giving it the ability to ‘buffer’ electric current. This phenomenon solves the problem of a lithium battery not being able to absorb and hold charge for a long time. See the low battery signal go from red to green in 30 seconds:
2. Sugar-Powered Biobattery
CFD Research Corporation has developed a prototype of a new biobattery that converts sugar to electrical energy mimicking the process of metabolism. The biobattery has high energy density, almost 10 times greater than the lithium-ion batteries available in the market and uses renewable biocatalysts as opposed to the toxic materials used in a conventional battery. Additionally, the battery can be recharged instantly (by adding sugar solution) as compared to the long recharge time of current batteries.
Bio-batteries might prove to be useful in powering implanted devices, such as pacemakers or subcutaneous sensors by feeding on the glucose in the bloodstream, providing an endless supply of safe electricity for the implants.
Watch how Coke and Gatorade give a testament to the power of sugar:
3. A Supercapacitor That Can Fit In A Smartphone
Supercapacitors have the ability to charge quickly and maintain it over a long time, facilitating a higher energy transfer rate and storage. Soon the technology could be available for smartphones. Eesha Khare, an 18-year old student at Saratoga, California has made a breakthrough by creating a small supercapacitor that can fit inside a typical phone battery.
This capacitor will allow the battery to be fully charged in 20-30 seconds and sustain for 10,000 charge-recharge cycles, compared to only 1,000 cycles of a conventional battery. Eesha talks about her invention after winning the Intel Foundation Young Scientist Award:


GPS USB Dongle Receiver
The GPS USB Dongle Receiver is a total solution of GPS receiver with SiRF-IV; 48 channels all-in-view tracking technology. This GPS USB Dongle Receiver can communicate with other electronic devices by USB interface. The GPS USB Dongle Receiver is designed as an ultra-low power consumption device and high position accuracy. It will update the satellite position every second. This GPS USB Dongle Receiver auto-locating feature is capable of automatically determining a navigation solution without intervention.
- SiRF-IV serial simultaneous time-frequency search bins. Signal detection better than -163dBm
- Cold start < 30 seconds at –147dBm
- Hot start < 1sec. under open sky
- 2.5m CEP accuracy
- Signal reacquisition 1 sec
- Acquire and track 48 satellites simultaneously
- USB Version 1.1/2.0
- High capacity Li-Polymer rechargeable battery
- Data tag (start, stop point) can be set by user
- 1x GPS USB Dongle receiver/Data Logger Device
- 1x CD manual, driver within Photo tracker product key
- 1x Holder Lanyard
Before you start using, please check out if your package includes the following items. If any item is damaged or missed, please contact your reseller at once.


Faults and defects
- What can I do if the phone keeps registering?
- What can I do if I hear crackling background noises during a call?
- How do I get a new telephone receiver, handset cable or a whole new telephone ?
What can I do if the phone keeps registering?
If the phone constantly
re-registers there can be the following causes:
A) The network connection is compromised somewhere and data packets get lost. Possible Solution: Try to connect the phone to another network socket that is also prepared for voip use.
If necessary, replace the network cable between the data socket and the telephone. If this does not help, please send us a message to email@example.com
B) The telephone has a software issue. Suggested solution: Unplug the cable from the "Network" port of the telephone, wait a few seconds and plug it in again. The phone will restart then.
If this does not help, please send us a message to firstname.lastname@example.org.
What can I do if I hear crackling background noises during a call?
Please test whether
the noises also appear when using the speaker or calling another
It can occur to have a broken telephone receiver or receiver connection cable. You can get spare parts by sending an e-mail request to email@example.com