1 edition of Selected papers on silica integrated optical circuits found in the catalog.
Selected papers on silica integrated optical circuits
Includes bibliographical references and index.
|Other titles||Silica integrated optical circuits|
|Statement||Herman M. Presby, editor.|
|Series||SPIE milestone series ;, v. MS 125|
|Contributions||Presby, Herman M., 1941-|
|LC Classifications||TA1660 .S33 1996|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xviii, 495 p. :|
|Number of Pages||495|
|LC Control Number||96022981|
A photonic device that integrates multiple information signals which are composed of light of various wavelengths. The main subject of this book is circuit design of silicon optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs). The essential features of optical absorption are summarized, as is the device physics of photodetectors and their integration in modern bipolar, CMOS, and BiCMOS technologies.
In Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit Design and Device Modeling, Professor Jianjun Gao introduces the fundamentals and modeling techniques of optoelectronic devices used in high-speed optical transmission systems. Gao covers electronic circuit elements such as FET, HBT, MOSFET, as well as design techniques for advanced optical transmitter and receiver front-end circuits. Deals with the design of high-speed integrated circuits for optical communication systems. Written for both students and practicing engineers, this book systematically takes the reader from basic concepts to advanced topics, establishing both rigor and intuition/5.
KEYWORDS: Dispersion, Refractive index, Solids, Doping, Cladding, Rayleigh scattering, Silica, Optical engineering, L band, Wavelength division multiplexing Read Abstract + We report a design for a small-residual-dispersion fiber system suitable for all wavelengths in the range of to nm, which covers the entire S to L bands. Integrated optics devices also interface ef ﬁciently with optical ﬁbers, and can reduce cost in complex circuits by eliminating the need for separate, individual packaging of each circuit element. The applications for integrated optics are widespread. Generally these applications involve interfacing with single-mode ﬁber optic Size: 3MB.
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14 Silica waveguides on silicon and their application to integrated-optic components Masao Kawachi (Optical and Quantum Electronics ) Section Two Fabrication 43 Sputtered glass waveguide for integrated optical circuits J.E.
Goell, R.D. Standley (Bell System Technical Journal ). Get this from a library. Selected papers on silica integrated optical circuits.
[Herman M Selected papers on silica integrated optical circuits book. A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) or integrated optical circuit is a device that integrates multiple (at least two) photonic functions and as such is similar to an electronic integrated major difference between the two is that a photonic integrated circuit provides functions for information signals imposed on optical wavelengths typically in the visible spectrum or near infrared.
R.R.A. Syms, W. Huang, V.M. Schneider, Optimisation of borophosphosilicate glass compositions for silica-on-silicon integrated optical circuits fabricated by the sol-gel process, Elec.
Lett., 32 (13), () CrossRef Google ScholarAuthor: P. Etienne, P. Coudray. Milestone Series volumes are collections of seminal papers that have defined their fields, from Newton's first reflections on optics to modern breakthroughs in nanotechnology. the selection of reprints chosen for each book has been made with authority and care." -- Brian J.
Thompson, Series Editor Selected Papers on Silica Integrated. About The Book: The only book on integrated optical communication circuits that fully covers high-speed IOs, PLLs, CDRs, and transceiver design including optical communications has led to increasing demand for high-speed data transfer to activate optical communications, resulting in intensive work on high-speed device design And the circle.
This book synthesizes topics from optoelectronics and design of microelectronic circuits, introduces the essential features of optical absorption and device physics of photodetectors and of their integration in modern CMOS and BiCMOS technologies, and covers the newest trends in OEIC research.
The only book on integrated circuits for optical communications that fully covers High-Speed IOs, PLLs, CDRs, and transceiver design including optical communication The increasing demand for high-speed transport of data has revitalized optical communications, leading to extensive work on high-speed device and circuit design.
With the proliferation of the Internet and the rise in the speed of. An optical integrated circuit (IC) is a compactly packaged electronic circuit, chip, or microchip that processes light directly to perform various communication functions. The advantages in using an optical integrated circuit include the higher maximum data speed that can be sent over an optical link as compared to other means and the freedom from damage due to natural and man-made.
Optical Integrated Circuits [Nishihara, Hiroshi, Haruna, Masamitsu, Suhara, Toshiaka] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Optical Integrated CircuitsCited by: Silica-based optical integrated circuits Abstract: Silica-based integrated optical waveguide technology is reviewed.
Low loss and manufacturable waveguides are made by chemical vapour, flame hydrolysis and electron beam deposition. Fibre to fibre insertion loss is as low as dB for a 6 cm long waveguide. Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications deals with the design of high-speed integrated circuits for optical communication systems.
Written for both students and practicing engineers, the book systematically takes the reader from basic concepts to advanced topics, establishing both rigor and intuition.
The text emphasizes analysis and design in modern VLSI technologies. Silica-on-silicon Integrated Optics 3 Figure 2. Refractive index versus dopant concentration for SiO 2 doped with various impurities, at λ = µm (after Gowar J.
Optical Communication Systems, ()). For each material system, the main fabrication difficulty lies in the formation of thick layers. Silica-based integrated optical waveguide technology is reviewed.
Low loss and manufacturable waveguides are made by chemical vapour, flame hydrolysis and electron beam deposition.
Fibre to fibre insertion loss is as low as dB for a 6 cm long waveguide. Bragg reflective add-drop filters are made with gratings formed by ultraviolet by: Integrated Optical Circuits and Components: Design and Applications - CRC Press Book Updates the advancements made in the level of achievable integration of optical circuits and components in the last ten years--highlighting the commercial success of particular devices as well as introducing multiple facets of integrated optics.
1. Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits by Larry Coldren and Scott Corzine This book was first published more than 20 years ago. The second edition of the book is updated with explanation of some novel concepts (Eg: injection locking and.
Silicon Integrated Circuits, Part B covers the special considerations needed to achieve high-power Si-integrated circuits. The book presents articles about the most important operations needed for the high-power circuitry, namely impurity diffusion and oxidation; crystal defects under thermal equilibrium in silicon and the development of high-power device physics; and associated technology.
Integrated Optical Circuits and Components: Design and Applications (Optical Science and Engineering) [Murphy] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Integrated Optical Circuits and Components: Design and Applications (Optical Science and Engineering)Cited by: Open Library is an initiative of the Internet Archive, a (c)(3) non-profit, building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital projects include the Wayback Machine, and Optical Integrated Circuits, Hiroshi Nishihara, Masamitsu Haruna, Toshiaki Suhara, McGraw Hill Selected papers on silica integrated optical circuits, Herman M.
Presby,Nature, pages. Optical Integrated Circuits Hiroshi Nishihara, Masamitsu Haruna, Toshiaki Suhara Subject. Explains the circuit design of silicon optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs), which are central to advances in wireless and wired telecommunications. The essential features of optical absorption are summarized, as is the device physics of photodetectors and their integration in modern bipolar, CMOS, and BiCMOS technologies.This book is divided into three chapters—physics of the MOS transistor; nonvolatile memories; and properties of silicon-on-sapphire substrates devices, and integrated circuits.
The topics covered include the short channel effects, MOSFET structures, floating gate devices, technology for nonvolatile semiconductor memories, sapphire substrates.The only book on integrated circuits for optical communications that fully covers High-Speed IOs, PLLs, CDRs, and transceiver design including optical communication The increasing demand for high-speed transport of data has revitalized optical communications, leading to extensive work on high-speed device and circuit design.


Oct. 29, 2018 — ShowingTime announced today a new functionality available within its scheduling services that provides select lockbox users with a more secure way to access properties using their smartphone via the ShowingTime mobile app.
The new feature, ShowingTime Secure Access®, provides added security using ShowingTime’s appointment data and eliminates the need to obtain access codes, enabling quick access for confirmed appointments with a simple touch of a button. This capability, using Bluetooth® technology, is now being released to two markets, MiRealSource of Michigan and Manitowoc County Board of Realtors® Inc., which is part of METRO MLS in Wisconsin, where Master Lock® Bluetooth lockboxes are currently being used. While ShowingTime and Master Lock collaborated to develop this functionality, ShowingTime Secure Access® is designed to be integrated with any Bluetooth-enabled lockbox.
“We’re thrilled to bring this innovation to our clients who schedule showings and other appointments through ShowingTime,” ShowingTime President Michael Lane said. “Using Bluetooth technology makes perfect sense in our continued effort to streamline the showing process and create greater conveniences for agents so they can focus on high-value activities.”
ShowingTime Secure Access® will be seamless for those using any ShowingTime product, with no additional apps or training required. When a lockbox is linked to a listing within ShowingTime, confirmed appointments will now include a simple in-app button for the buyer’s agent to tap to unlock the home’s lockbox using their Bluetooth connection.
The same capability will be available for other real estate professionals who use the ShowingTime app such as inspectors, appraisers and other professionals involved in the sales process. Temporary access codes will also be available for those who do not use the ShowingTime mobile app.
This new technology also provides enhanced security for properties, as lockbox access is granted based on ShowingTime’s real-time appointment data. Agents will only be able to open the lockbox within a limited time window on the date and time of their confirmed appointment.
In addition, all lockbox activity will be tracked and included within ShowingTime’s Listing Activity Report, giving listing agents and sellers an even more comprehensive picture of who accessed the property and when.


RollTech Announces Wearable Development Kit to Facilitate Application Development on Mediatek MT2523
–June 15, 2016
RollTech Technology Co., Ltd., a global provider in deploying embedded software technologies and value-add services for mobile and smart devices, announced today that a wearable software development kit designed for MediaTek wearable and IoT chipset, called MT2523, is available this June.
Announced at CES 2016, MediaTek’s MT2523 is the world’s first SoC that combines a high-resolution mobile screen, dual-mode Bluetooth and GPS, with industry-leading power efficiency. The product family (MT2523D/MT2523G) is based around a highly integrated system in package (SiP) that contains an ARM Cortex‐M4 with floating point MCU, integrated with 4MB PSRAM and 4MB flash memory. MT2523 also supports interfaces such as UART, I2C, SPI, I2S, PWM, SDIO, MSDC, USB, PCMIF, ADC and dual digital MIC. It’s a perfect platform for next-generation smart wearable and IoT products, including kid watch, sport watch, healthcare watch, etc.
To facilitate application development, RollTech co-works with MediaTek on MT2523 and delivers a tailored-made development kit. The key features of development kit include,
- - Rich Graphical UI Framework providing design freedom, including customization;
- - Complete SDK supports with graphical rendering, font, image decode, linear transform, watch faces, notification, theme, i18n, weather, and full set of widgets, etc.;
- - Powerful Simulator and Tools for applications and product development on Win7 environment;
- - Seamless Bluetooth connection and synchronization between wearables, IoT and smart phone.
Sample codes with watch faces, multiple theme, locale, location-base real time weather, clock alarm, calendar, notification view, and remote camera shooting developed upon the development kit are available for OEM, ODM and 3rd party developers. By using the sample codes, developers do not need to develop from scratch. It helps your development becomes easier and smoother.


Does using SendGrid's automated security use up a DNS lookup on our SPF?
No, the SPF is managed by SendGrid.
How will using a subdomain affect sending emails from Gainsight?
Emails will be signed by the subdomain. Sending from your base domain will result in envelope-from using the subdomain, while header-from and reply-to will be the base domain, if configured as such.
Can we use custom DKIM selectors for the CNAMES?
Yes. S1 and S2 are default for SendGrid but Gainsight uses gpx and gpx2. You can request a custom DKIM selector of up to three characters.
Can we allow a subdomain?


Fly-by-Wire Flight Control System is an electromechanical system that replaces the conventional manual flight controls of an aircraft with sticks and electronic control units. Fly-By-Wire systems are as reliable as traditional, mechanically linked systems – at lower cost and with less maintenance. Fly-By-Wire systems use computers to process the flight control inputs made by the pilot or autopilot, and send corresponding electrical signals to the flight control surface actuators.
Active Fly-By-Wire system provides dynamic feedback to the pilot through tactile information. This tactile feedback is achieved through the insertion of a programmable model driving to a servo system inside the inceptor.
Benefits of Active Fly-By-Wire System:
- Reduced through-life cost
- Improved safety and performance through use of tactile cues
- Carefree handling and reduced pilot workload through intuitive human-machine interface
- Lower system weight through electrical linking
- Reduced mechanical complexity
- Enhanced mission success and survivability
- Future growth capability through programmable features


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Also, a little background: I have what is medically described as “profound” hearing loss in one ear, and “severe” hearing loss in the other. For the most part I can do OK with telephone conversations, but occasionally need to ask a person to repeat something. This is especially true when the caller has an accent (relative to mine), or the call is coming from an IP phone.


Lesson 5: Mobile Mapping Fundamentals
Author: Nicolas R. Malloy
5.31 Wide Area augmentation System
The federal aviation administration (FAA) implemented the wide area augmentation system (WAAS) for civilian aviation navigation. WAAS uses a series of wide area reference station (WRS) sites located at precisely surveyed control points. Information collected by each of the WRS sites is forwarded to the WAAS master station (WMS) and then uploaded to geostationary communication satellites. Geostationary satellites orbit the earth at the same rate as the earth’s rotation in order to maintain a constant position above the earth. These satellites broadcast the augmentation messages across the nation, available to any WAAS enabled GPS receiver. WAAS is also known as Wide Area Differential GSP (WADGPS).
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) by TetraTechAMT


An internet speed test measures the connection speed and quality of your connected device to the internet. It does so by running multiple consecutive tests that analyze different aspects of your internet connection, namely ping (latency), download speed, and upload speed. Each of these values represents the connection's specific qualities, which you can read more about in the paragraph after the next. These should help you understand the final speed test results. But before we get to these, we first want to discuss how to perform each test.
The download measurement is performed by opening multiple connections to a server and simultaneously starting the download of a large data file on all connections. This approach ensures that the entire bandwidth of the internet connection is maxed out, and thereby the maximum data throughput can be measured. Recording the data throughput against measurement time finally yields the available internet speed for downloading data.
Upload speed is tested by reversing the sequence of the download analysis. Again multiple connections are opened to the test server. Instead of downloading a file, a large file of random data is created on your device and pushed through all connections to the server. Pushing the data to the server over the network via multiple streams ensures that the maximum throughput is measured. Again, recording the data throughput against time yields the available internet speed for uploading data.
During the ping test, the device sends s small data package over the network to the test server on the internet. When the server receives this package, it will send it back to the device, completing the roundtrip. The time it takes the data package to complete the roundtrip is called latency, also known as ping. To achieve an accurate reading, multiple ping tests are conducted consecutively, with the final result being the average of all these tests.
All these are automatically handled for you when using speed check. But you should take one crucial aspect into account to test speed accurately. Choose the right tool. This depends on the device you want to use, being a phone or tablet, or a computer. To check internet speed on a computer, use your browser and the app on this website. To achieve accurate results on mobile devices, you should download our iOS or Android app, respectively. This is especially important when running a WiFi speed test. Because browsers on mobile devices have poor performance, we suggest using a mobile app written in native code to ensure the most accurate speed test results.
The speed at which your device can receive data from the internet. It's calculated by dividing the total throughput of data in a given time frame by its duration. Therefore its unit is denoted by units of data over time. Most often, download speed is denoted in Megabits per second (Mbps or Mb/s), although other forms like Kilobits per second (Kbps or Kb/s) or Megabyte per second (MBps or MB/s) are also common.
As opposed to download speed, upload speed characterizes the amount of data your device can send to the internet. It's calculated the same way and is therefore denoted in the same units.
The ping or latency describes the delay of a signal due to the time it takes that signal to travel to its destination. In this context, it represents the time it takes a data package to complete its roundtrip over the network and the acknowledgment from the server that it was received. As a value of time, it is denoted as such, most often in Milliseconds (ms). It's a value for the responsiveness of your connection.
Because knowing about your connection speeds enables you to a) ensure that you get what you pay for from your internet service provider and b) help you adapt your expectations about what type of applications you can run without issues on your network.
It's important to understand that different internet speeds are necessary for different usage scenarios. So when you test internet speed, keep in mind that the question "How fast is my internet?" can only be answered in relation to what you want to use the connection for. While simply browsing the web can be achieved with low single-digit megabit per second speeds, streaming Netflix in 4K resolution will need at least a 25Mbps connection speed. Online gaming will primarily be influenced by your ping, with a smaller ping being better while publishing content on the web, like uploading large videos to Youtube will be primarily constrained by your upload bandwidth.
We've tested and reviewed all available speed tests in the market. Below you can find our ranking and check each review to learn more about the pros and cons of each solution.
Note: this test server is located in Munich, Germany
speed check is a free speed testing website
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More now than ever before, Communications Service Providers (CSPs) are looking for ways to transform their legacy, plan ahead for transformation required to secure future in the digital age. With the proliferation of smart devices and traditional voice communication being eclipsed by data traffic over wire and wire line networks, digital-re-imagination has emerged as the single most important trend. Service providers are being stimulated to transform themselves into a platform of opportunities harnessing the digital five forces— Mobility & Pervasive Computing, Big Data and Analytics, Social Media, Cloud Computing, and Artificial Intelligence and Robotics—to reimaging their business processes, products, and services. The digital transformation is helping the CSPs mitigate the challenges of shrinking product lifecycles, customer engagement and high churn rates.
Our offerings help telecom companies simplify their businesses while maintaining the profitability, quality of service and customer experience. Our rich industry experience and domain expertise enables us to deliver a suite of offerings which addresses the key areas of - service quality management, expansion of core capabilities into adjacencies, process automation, data monetization, network management and implementation of next generation technologies.
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With a proven track record in delivery excellence and thought leadership, our telecom business unit has helped a diverse customer base transform their business and become more agile and future ready. We help our customers, which include OEMs, Equipment Vendors, Cable & Satellite companies, CSPs and Mobile Virtual Network Operators with the key imperatives of:


A Comparison of Fiber And Wireless Internet Connection
While the copper based wireless internet connection is the most well established technology, fiber is also becoming very popular these days. That is due to the fact that it provides you with lots of bandwidth within an affordable price.
Let’s compare these two technologies head to head and see which one will work the best for you.
Fiber is of course the most reliable method of connecting to the internet. It is far better even when we compare it to other types of internet connections other than the wireless connectivity.
They can’t be interfered with, and aren’t worthy of being stolen. That’s why the fiber cables won’t make your worry about downtime due to theft.
The cost of fiber is actually linked to its availability. In some countries, it is still pretty rare to find, and can thus come with a premium price tag.
Fiber is more expensive as compared to the traditional wireless connection in every aspect, and needs more work in order to get installed. So, it is mostly availed be the businesses who actually need it, and can bare the expenses as well.
Although it comes with a premium price tag, fiber justifies its price by providing you with up to 1 Gbps speed. This is way faster than wireless can ever achieve. Also, there are is no network downtime when it comes to using a fiber connection.
Set Up Process
Wireless connections can take some time to get deployed. This definitely depends on the weather condition, and your location. While some companies install the connections timely, some will take more time simply because of a high work load.
In the other hand, fiber can take a much longer time period to get installed, and the deployment time varies according to your location and the internet provider. But if you’re looking to get the best broadband (bästa bredbandet) service, you should go with the fiber.


Sony has introduced a new phone and it is a device that we have not seen before.
The Sony Xperia Pro is priced at $ 2,500, which they tried to justify with a unique feature – the ability to connect via HDMI cable. Namely, Xperia Pro has more or less the same features as Sony Xperia 1 II, their best phone so far, so it seems that only the HDMI port “worth” an additional $ 1,000, reports Telegrafi.
To be completely fair, the Sony Xperia Pro has a bit more RAM and storage space than the Xperia 1 II model, as well as 5G compatibility.
HDMI ports on phones are not a new concept. Many manufacturers have experimented with adding HDMI output ports in the early 2010s, including Samsung, Nokia, Blackberry and even Sony itself.
This trend eventually stopped because technologies such as Google Chromecast made it easier to transfer media from the phone without the need for cables or ports, reports Ars Technica port.
Sony points out that this is the first phone to include this type of HDMI port.
With this model, Sony seems to be “targeting” video makers, suggesting that they use the phone attached to the camera as a live screen, or use it directly to stream HD video over the Internet. /


New smart meter to give Drax's customers more control of their power
17th June 2020
We’re trialling polyphase SMETS 2 smart meters, aimed at giving our larger customers better control of their power use, and making them more sustainable. The trial is the first of its kind to develop technology that will pave the way for more sophisticated smart metering solutions.
We are working with the Data Communications Company (DCC), smart meter manufacturer EDMI and software company Utiligroup, on a ground-breaking polyphase SMETS 2 smart meter. This meter will give large organisations greater control of their electricity use.
The technology needed to install the newest smart meters in more complex settings, such as schools or large commercial premises, hasn’t been available up to now. This means that some of the largest power users haven’t benefitted from the smartest technologies.
Polyphase SMETS2 smart meters will allow larger organisations to track their electricity usage. And they use the same software as the millions of single-phase smart meters installed in homes and small organisations across the UK.
The new technology means we can offer large business and non-commercial customers access to smart metering technology. And this will give them greater control over their electricity use with the potential to operate more sustainably.
Paul Sheffield, Managing Director of Drax Customers Business, said, “We’re confident that this new smart meter technology is going to be a game changer for thousands of our larger customers. This technology will enable them to enjoy greater flexibility and control over their electricity use, making them more sustainable, which will be good for both the environment and their bottom line.”
We will field test the meters with selected customers, such as utilities and large NHS Trusts, in the autumn.
Drax, the DCC and EDMI have continued the work, despite the Covid-19 pandemic, with all partners working remotely to develop and test the technology.
The project includes a new polyphase smart meter testing lab, where we’re developing the new technology. It’s within the DCC’s Manchester facility, which is the operational headquarters of Britain’s smart meter network. The facility can test 2,400 smart meters simultaneously and has a technical operation centre that monitors the installation and operation of every smart meter in the country.
The new smart meters will operate securely on the network, using a specialist software platform from Utiligroup, a key technology-services partner of Drax.
Dan Lambert, Chief Operating Officer for the DCC, said, “The DCC’s network is the digital backbone of the energy industry, and our customers like Drax are constantly working to help us extend its reach to more homes and organisations. Polyphase smart meters will make it available to even more organisations, from farms to tech start-ups. It’s been impressive how well the whole sector has collaborated throughout lockdown on this complex work. With our customers, we’re making Britain more connected so we can all lead smarter, greener lives.”
Alan Masterman, Managing Director of smart meter manufacturer EDMI Europe Limited, said, “We are incredibly proud of the work this partnership is achieving. Smart meters are the foundation of the energy revolution and are therefore an essential component for large organisations that have previously not had access to smart technology. At EDMI we are committed to the development of products that best meet market demands, for our customers. The close working of both Drax and the DCC has resulted in the development and creation of a meter that supports the continued expansion of the smart meter programme.”


The Phillips Hue starter kit comes with a bridge and 3 bulbs. The bridge acts as a conduit between the Hue app and the bulbs. Therefore, it’s important to setup the bridge correctly.
The Hue Starter Pack includes:
1X Hue Bridge
1X Power Adapter
1X LAN Cable
3X Hue Bulbs
Here is how you can setup the Hue Bridge in a few simple steps:
Connect the power adapter to the bridge and plug it in the power socket.
Connect the bridge to your Wi-Fi router with the LAN cable.
The 3 LED lights on the bridge will start blinking and stabilize in a few seconds.
What does the 3 LED’s on the bridge mean?
POWER – The Bridge is connected to the power supply.
NETWORK – The Bridge is connected to the Wi-Fi router.
INTERNET – The Wi-Fi router has an active internet connection.
The 3rd LED, the world icon, it informs you that there is no connection between the bridge and the HUE server; therefore, you cannot link it to a HUE account.
If the first 2 LED’s do light up, you should be able to connect the bridge to the app.
Be aware that the device you are trying to link to the bridge, needs to be in the same network (and no Wi-Fi repeater/extenders or switches).
If the 3rd LED is not blinking
Check if your router uses 2.4Gz for Wi-Fi or 5Gz? (This information can be found on the router settings)
If you using 5 GHz, please turn it off so the router can only use the 2.4 GHz channel.
Make sure the bridge is connected directly to the router.
Restart the router and unplug the bridge from the mains.
After the reset, wait 20 second before you plug in everything back into the mains.
If the above do not solve the issue, please try a different internet cable and LAN port.
Also, check the router settings, as there might be a firewall that might be blocking the connection between the bridge and the Hue server.
Max distance from bridge to Hue bulbs
The Max distance from bridge to Hue bulbs is about 25-30 metres. The lamps normally work wherever you have Wi-Fi signal of the network to which your bridge is connected.
When you first setup the bridge and connect it to the Hue app it will automatically update the bridge software. If the bridge is unable to install the software update you can power cycle the bridge, router and your phone, and run the update again.
Please make sure that you device is in the same network as the bridge, and there are no Wi-Fi repeaters/switches connected.
Can I still control lights via the wall switches?
As long as the wall switches have no incorporated dimmer, you can still use them.
If you turn the lights off via the wall switch, the only downside is that you will not have control over the lights via the Hue app.
In order to re-gain access to the lights via the Hue app, the lights must be turned back on via the wall switch.


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Bandwidth Management is the process of measuring and controlling the communications (traffic, packets) on a network link, to avoid filling the link to capacity or overfilling the link, which would result in network congestion and poor performance.
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This paper outlines the seven essential buying criteria that every decision-maker needs to consider when making a decision on a video delivery provider. These buying criteria are shared across the gamut of small, video-centric startups and established, familiar media giants.
This white paper reveals how extensive deployment of video surveillance places heavy demands on network resources. The mission-critical network must therefore be able to support the high-bandwidth required by video traffic efficiently, with multiple stringent QoS levels.
Historically, the speed of a wired connection at the access edge has always been faster than that of a wireless connection. This means workers had to choose between the performance of wired connectivity and the convenience of a wireless connection. Consequently, workers often had to modify the way they worked— first, finding a wired port to use for high-bandwidth applications, such as video or streaming media, and then shifting to wireless connections when the need to be mobile was more important than having the performance of wired.
This case study reveals how Interroll, a leading provider of high-quality core products for internal logistics, became frustrated with the high cost and complexity of MPLS and turned to Silver Peak to build an SD-WAN.
Read more to learn how a Virtualized Residential Gateway is driving the delivery of enhanced residential services. This paper reviews the market drivers, evolved architecture model, benefits and capabilities (for each building block) of the vRGW solution.
Published By: VMTurbo
Published Date: Apr 14, 2015
Seconds of Delay Have Multi-Million Dollar Consequences, Demand-Driven Control Changes the Game
Principled Technologies deployed VMTurbo’s Demand-Driven Control platform in their virtualized data center. VMTurbo assures application performance while maximizing infrastructure utilization. Principled Technologies implemented VMTurbo’s recommendations in its virtual environment with an OLTP application, and saw significant improvements in performance.
Learn how Principled Technologies achieved a 37% decrease in latency and 23% increase in orders per minute (OPM).
Let these case studies show how you can succeed with mobility, too.
Pinellas County Integrates Wired and Wireless Networks
Cisco Meraki Architecture Construction - C&S Companies
Hospital Pioneers Wi-Fi Patient Apps with Cisco BYOD Solution
Cisco CMX Connects Evergreen Brickworks Video
Your users are ready for multigigabit wireless. The real question is: Is your network? Don’t miss this opportunity to get a first-hand look at the solutions you’ll need to achieve data rates that make it easier for your people to share, stay informed, and make smart decisions.
• Join hosts Robb, Jimmy Ray, and networking experts as they dive deep into the technical details of delivering exponentially faster 802.11ac Wave 2 access through the current Cat5 cable you already have.
• Hear all about Cisco’s founding membership and participation in the NBASE-T Alliance, the team that’s driving the standardization of 2.5 Gb/s and 5 Gb/s Ethernet speeds in campus access.
• Discover the access point and switch technology you’ll need to ensure that your wired access layer does not become a stumbling block for your continued mobile growth.
Location-based services (LBS) show promise as a budding customer-centric mobility solution in some early adopting verticals such as retail, hospitality, and large public venues. Such services enable businesses to better understand their customer base through analytics as well as offer targeted, context-based communications including promotions and remote assistance. This IDC white paper explores the burgeoning LBS market, highlighting custom research conducted by IDC in March and April 2014; surveys were fielded to both IT and line-of-business (LOB) decision makers in select verticals and market segments. In this white paper, IDC analyzes the data and explores the attitudes surrounding LBS adoption in the context of broader technology trends.
Cisco engaged Miercom to conduct a competitive analysis of its Catalyst 2960-X switch versus two comparable Hewlett-Packard switches from the 2920 and 5120 product families. Miercom executed comprehensive hands-on testing and evaluated the performance of some widely deployed features that are critical for reliable functioning of enterprise networks. The test methodology focused on specific areas in which Cisco believed there were key competitive differentiators between the products. Test results validated include throughput, latency, energy efficiency, stacking, LACP load balancing and Quality of Services (QoS) performance. Miercom found that the Cisco Catalyst 2960-X demonstrated superior performances against the competitive switches in the tests featured in this report.
Walk past your data center, and you might hear a soft, plaintive call: “Feed me, feed me…” It is not your engineers demanding more pizza. It is your servers and applications. And the call is growing louder
New Cisco® 40-Gbps bidirectional (BiDi) optical technology lets you bring 40-Gbps speeds to the access layer using the same 10-Gbps cable plant you are using today. It is a huge cost savings, whether you are upgrading your current data center or building a new one. And it means you can start taking advantage of 40-Gbps performance for your business right now without needing special budget approval and without having to wait a year to get the capacity you need.
Interconnecting three or more sites across a metro or wide area network has traditionally been accomplished via a hub and spoke network topology using Private Lines, Frame Relay or IP VPNs over the Internet. Ethernet services support hub and spoke topologies but also support an “any-to-any” network topology similar to a LAN but delivered over a wide area. This latter capability is unique to Ethernet services and cannot be cost effectively delivered using legacy point-to-point technologies such as Frame Relay or IP VPNs.
This paper discusses two options for multi-site connectivity using Ethernet services. One option discusses the classical hub and spoke topology using Ethernet Virtual Private Lines (EVPL). The other option discusses the “any-to-any” topology using an Ethernet Private LAN (EP-LAN) service. Through examples, the paper illustrates the capabilities of the two approaches and their benefits.


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GPS Station Chcnav I50
- Brand: Chcnav
AED د.إ38,400 Retail Price
50 in stock
The i50 GNSS receiver brings complete your surveying and construction projects efficiently. Combined with our LandStar7 peed and accuracy in one easy-to-use GNSS solution to field software and HCE320 Android controller, the i50 GNSS is the perfect surveying solution for topographic and construction positioning tasks.
The i50 GNSS receiver integrates positioning and communication technologies in a rugged unit that is designed to provide work flexibility. When RTK corrections networks are unavailable at your job sites, just easily set up one i50 GNSS UHF base and use your i50 GNSS UHF rover to conduct your surveying tasks effectively.
SKU: I50 Categories: GPS Equipment, Surveying & Testing Equipment
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How does it work – and how come it is so cheap?
The Roamie (automatically) downloads a local SIMcard in the country which you choose to visit.
We have negotiated good rates with mobile operators across the world, so this way you get internet access at almost local prices and local speed.
How is the coverage?
The Roamie works in 100 countries.
The coverage and speed however, is only as good as the coverage where you are. But basically the coverage will be the exact same as with a regular phone – but only at a fraction of the price.
Normally, when you are roaming, you are not considered first priority on a foreign network, but with the Roamie you become first priority in all the countries with coverage.


AirTV - 8 GB 4K Streaming Media Player with Adapter - White/blue
Cut The Cord with AirTV Player. Stream movies, TV, music and other content using a wide range of apps, including Netflix, SlingTV, Google Play and many more from the Google Play Store all with AirTV Player. AirTV’s streaming platform integrates local over-the-air (OTA) programming with your streaming services. The AirTV Adapter and an OTA antenna provide local channels like ABC, CBS, NBC and FOX, without a monthly cable bill.
Stream movies, TV, music and other content using a wide range of apps, including Netflix, SlingTV, Google Play and many more from the Google Play Store.
Basic RAM meets the system requirements to run basic programs, but not many at once.
Enough memory for system files and a small amount of additional storage.
Built-in 802 11ac Wifi connects to the internet through your wireless home network or wired network via ethernet cable (wireless router required and sold separately).
Wirelessly connect a wide range of Bluetooth-enabled devices including headphones and game controllers.
Easily connects to HDTV’s.
Web-based services and content require high-speed Internet service. Some services may require a subscription.
Local Delivery is Available for this Product


In age of internet, network security is not a luxury; it is a necessity to protect businesses and individuals from wide variety of threats. In today’s world many security threats are spread over the internet. The most common are: viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware and adware, hacker attacks, denial of service attacks, data and identity theft. Network security is accomplished through hardware and software, and usually consists of several elements which work together. With network security in place, company will enjoy many business benefits. Apart from being protected from disruption of business processes, it ensures better productivity at work, secure information concerning the company but also its partners and customers.
Security of our network and or customers networks is our high priority and we are prepared and ready to offer it.
CACTTUS is partner with some of the leading vendors of security hardware and software, and is pleased to offer solutions tailored for each customer’s needs and requirements.
- Cisco – with its well known firewalls, IDS/IPS appliances and access control solutions. Cisco products scale from small networks to big enterprises and data center security solutions
- Juniper Networks – with its flexible series of appliances and highly innovative approach to security. Juniper security solutions provide granular access control which is able to identify, mitigate and report most sophisticated threats
- Palo Alto – a fast growing vendor in network security world. It features with highly integrated approach to networks security, bringing together firewalls, IDS/IPS, threat protection and URL filtering in modern appliances and solutions


Finding a good company in networking equipment and solutions can be quite hard. We found a nice company that also provides wireless networking solutions. This company has nothing to do with EasyRadius and it’s just a recommendation. The company is called Aliter Networks and delivers refurbished switches, routers, wireless equipment and more. They are situated in Almere, the Netherlands. A short 24 hour delivery is possible and they have a standard 3 year warranty. Visit Aliter Networks in English, French (vente cisco), Dutch, Spanish, Italian or German.


Published: 18 Feb 2021
Why Should Telcos Leverage Software Testing?
Last Updated: 14 Mar 2022
1. An overview of the Telecom sector
2. Increased demand for Telecom services during the pandemic
3. Broad types of Telecom applications and their significance
4. Why self-service in telecom is now a top priority?
5. Some of the pain points of telecom application users
6. Why should telecom companies leverage software testing?
An overview of the Telecom sector
The telecom industry is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world. The telecom sector comprises companies that make communications possible on a global scale and some of its segments are wired & wireless telecom carriers, communication hardware manufacturers, satellite telecom resellers, etc. With the evolution of technology, the telecom industry has got a major shift in the way it operates and delivers services to its customers.
Today, the telecom industry is leveraging the latest technologies to enable seamless services to the customer and continues to achieve sustainable growth in the market. According to the Grand View Research, “The global telecom services market size was valued at USD 1.74 trillion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.0% from 2020 to 2027.” An increasing number of mobile subscribers, soaring demand for high-speed data connectivity, and growing demand for value-added managed services are the potential factors fueling its growth.
Telecoms provide a huge range of voice and data services and the most common form of telecom service is phone service which can either be wired or wireless. Other services include the internet, television, and networking for businesses and homes that are widely being used across the globe. Though the unprecedented COVID-19 has brought in some negative impact for many industries, typically the telecom industry had some positive impact with increased service demand in leaps and bounds to keep up the fast-moving world connected.
Increased demand for Telecom services during the pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic signalled the importance of the telecommunication industry as it helped in keeping the world connected and informed during these unprecedented times. The telecom industry helped various industries, businesses, governments, societies, and people to continue their work. The telecoms helped to keep the communication uninterrupted even in situations of complete lockdown and especially the IT employees embracing the new normal of work from home. Moreover, telecoms were exempted from major COVID-19 related restrictions as it comes under essential services.
The telecom companies continued to face a short-term spike in data traffic and the increased use of broadband services due to the work from home, and specific quarantine orders imposed by various governments. There has been a sudden over-reliance on digital services and connectivity that has been faced by the telecom industry as people were majorly working from home and relied on the internet and communication channels like video conferencing tools for conducting meetings. Data density got scattered and intensified but increased as people continued to use various types of telecom apps to keep them connected during these times.
Broad types of Telecom applications and their significance
Various types of web and mobile applications continue to provide more power to the telecom sector by increasing their brand visibility by delivering a variety of features and options to end-users. Some of the features for enabling personalized customer experience (CX) include integrations of service galleries, playing videos, delivering grand music, prompting different shopping options, raising special discounts & offers, updating billing information, displaying payment options, enabling voice chats for customer support, etc. Now, let us now take a look at various types of these telecom apps and their significance in day-to-day lives:
Retailer apps help telecom companies engage with their customer, understand the customer requirements, and helps to handle customer grievances. Retailer apps can be used for running deals and offers, push notifications, inform users about telecom plans & offers, display price lists, facilitate & display product reviews, etc.
These mobile apps help telecoms & customers with the online top-ups, manage autopay options, facilitate utility bill payments, enable instant recharges, etc. Mobile wallets are an efficient solution for telecom companies and also for customers today as it helps them to receive, send and pay money on the go seamlessly.
These apps serve as a one-stop solution for both telecoms and customers to access information. CRM apps help telecom employees to resolve customer problems and manage tickets/queries. It also helps to manage sales, orders, and other workflows easily.
Sales support app:
Telecom sales support apps help the sales team access quick information regarding sales policies, offers, benefits, features, products, etc. With the help of sales support apps, telecom sales teams can quickly resolve customer issues.
Field service app for technicians:
These telecom apps help field staff or technicians to monitor and test network tower conditions. It also improves the efficiency and productivity of technicians. With the help of these apps, technicians can access information quickly by connecting to the command centre for the timely help.
Signal monitoring app:
These unique telecom apps help to monitor cell tower signals on the mobile apps categorized according to regions, cities, areas, etc. Since this app provides information about the strength and quality of signals in a particular region, telecoms can make informed decisions regarding acquisitions, service improvements in areas, etc.
Vendor apps help to connect with vendors such as distributors, dealers, third-party service vendors, equipment dealers, etc. Vendor apps serve as a bridge between customers and telecom companies, and also with third-party providers/dealers.
Disaster management app:
Disaster management apps help to ensure business continuity in the long run for the telecom sector. These apps come with a directory feature that includes a list of all relevant emergency contacts so that customers can get in touch with them straight from the app by simply tapping on them. Another important feature of this app is listings of existing regulations in place for emergencies which help telecom employees to know whether they are complying with the rules and helps them to take the correct action.
Customer support app:
The customer support apps help telecoms to solve customer queries and handle grievances by extending support to customers. Today, customers prefer to solve their queries themselves instead of talking to a customer representative in the first place. Therefore customer support apps contain information in the form of queries or recently asked questions or FAQs.
Data collection app:
Data collection apps help telecom employees to log data directly via application instead of the traditional way where data was logged in the spreadsheet and later transferred to the central database.
But, with the world moving towards faster connectivity with mobile apps especially for telecoms, self-service has taken a higher priority.
Why self-service in telecom is now a top priority?
Customer experience has always been a top priority for telecoms, still, many of the telecom service providers face difficulty in providing a satisfactory experience to their customers. Now, it has become important for telecoms to make sure that all the touchpoints from start to end are optimized in such a way that not only the existing customers but also the prospects should get engaged seamlessly. To ensure this, telecoms are enabling the self-service option for their users via self-service apps/portals.
Today, customers want their questions to be answered and problems to be resolved in one go. Most of the customers prefer faster response times. Therefore, self-service portals act as a faster way of providing support to the customers. The self-service app/tool should have original content, proper navigation, correct integration, fast loading speed, etc. to ensure faster responses to customers for which end-to-end software testing of apps should be leveraged.
Though the self-service has taken a front row in usage, still there are certain pain points of telecom app users listed below:
Some of the pain points of telecom application users
• Due to the work from home amid pandemic, telecoms continue to face huge load on their networks which constantly is resulting in server outages, network failures, etc. that ultimately is annoying customers.
• Incorrectly configured underlying layers of telecom mobile apps are showing software malfunctioning which continues to trouble customers.
• Poor integration with third-party applications such as payment gateways causing transaction-related issues in many telecom apps.
• Customers continue to face issues with an increase in cyber-attacks and frauds across networks thus causing concern to customers data.
• Customers continue to face challenges with the content recommendations displayed as they search for required information on telecom applications.
• In order to overcome all these above-stated challenges, telecoms should leverage software testing to ensure all applications work seamlessly by delivering great CX to users.
Why should telecom companies leverage software testing?
Telecoms should deal with the changing needs of customers for enabling a great customer experience. Today customers avail telecom services via various web and mobile apps to manage their services. To ensure that the customers get high-quality telecom services, the telecom websites, telecom apps, and self-service telecom portals should be end-to-end tested to ensure high-quality apps.
Below mentioned are some of the software testing types that telecoms should leverage to ensure high-quality telecom apps:
This form of testing helps to determine that the process, product, or service complies with the requirements of a specification, technical standard, contract, or regulation. It helps the telecoms in determining the electrical interface compatibility, conformance of the transport layers, conformance of protocols, etc.
Interactive Voice Response Testing (IVR) is a software testing type that helps telecom service providers to check the functionality of customer call support systems.
Integration testing is necessary for the telecom service providers as it helps to determine whether all the software modules in the mobile apps are well connected and working fine for various scenarios.
Interoperability testing helps in verifying that the devices developed by multiple manufacturers are interacting with other software and equipment seamlessly
Performance testing helps to determine the performance of telecom apps and software to ensure that only high performing apps are released into the market.
Security testing helps to find vulnerabilities and security issues in telecom apps. To prevent apps from rampant cyberattacks, telecoms should leverage security testing of their apps.
End-to-end digital testing:
It is important to leverage end-to-end digital testing which consists of usability testing, security testing, accessibility testing, performance testing, etc. to ensure the mobile app delivers a great customer experience.
In telecommunications, there are various types of protocols such as transmission control protocol, file transfer protocol, simple mail transfer protocol, hypertext transfer protocol, etc. These protocols contain a set of rules which must be followed properly when two connections communicate with each other and thus, these protocols need effective testing for their proper functioning.
Telcom apps are prone to frequent changes such as addition or removal of certain features, GUI changes, etc. Every time a change is made, telecoms apps need to be tested thoroughly. Automation testing technique helps telecoms to reduce regression cost, quicken up the testing process, make the product reliable, and allows testing on multiple platforms.
Cloud migration testing:
Telecoms deals with important customer data and every second huge load of data are migrated to the cloud. Effective data and cloud migration testing is needed to ensure successful, safe, and secure migration of data over the cloud.
Telecom service providers are a major source of communication enablers across the globe. To give customers an unmatched experience, telecoms need to bring in new-age technologies and self-service portals to ensure seamless services to users. But today, telecoms are facing issues in delivering a great CX with their web and mobile apps and also with the self-service portals. Hence, telecom companies must leverage end-to-end software testing and digital testing services to ensure they deliver high quality, next-gen telecom apps that deliver an unmatched CX to the users.


Who upvoted this Request?
7/27/2019 8:54:28 PM
Lower latency option?
i am interested in knowing what the latency is between the streamer and viewer on DLive?Also, would it be possible to have an lower latency option available, in the future?
to post a comment and upvote
9/15/2019 3:15:41 PM
i agree as a creator its hard to wait the roughly 15 sec's to let them hear what i said. it breaks up the stream abit.
8/22/2019 2:01:35 AM
At the very least rival twitch's low latency mode. But hopefully use the faster than light protocol that mixer uses for less than 1 second delay. It is very difficult to keep stream interactive with a 10-20 second delay. You basically have to say something like a question, wait 10-20 seconds and then get answers or messages in chat. That is very immersion breaking.


C-UAS can employ a number of methods to detect the presence of hostile or unauthorized UAS. The first is using electro-optical, infrared, or acoustic sensors to detect a target by its visual, heat, or sound signatures, respectively. A second method is to use radar systems. However, these methods are not always capable of detecting small UAS due to the limited signatures and size of such UAS. A third method is identifying the wireless signals used to control the UAS, commonly using radio frequency sensors. These methods can be—and often are—combined to provide a more effective, layered detection capability.
Once detected, the UAS may be engaged or disabled
Once detected, the UAS may be engaged or disabled. Electronic warfare “jamming” can interfere with a UAS’s communications link to its operator. Jamming devices can be as light as 5 to 10 pounds and therefore man-portable, or as heavy as several hundred pounds and in fixed locations or mounted on vehicles. UAS can also be neutralized or destroyed using guns, nets, directed energy or traditional air defense systems. US and Israeli defense companies are currently leading the race to develop and procure a number of different C-UAS technologies enabling a robust defensive capability.


Facebook next year will be to Africa via satellite Internet
As Internet access services provided to developing countries in the latest move, Facebook announced on Monday that France satellite company Eutelsat Communications cooperative, provides Internet services to the African population.
The two companies said from 2016 to Africa beginning in the second half by AMOS-6 provide free Internet service to residents. Eutelsat Communications, the satellite can take advantage of the current equipment that provides user-level Internet access services, so as to ensure that the residents of the most remote parts of Africa to the Internet.
For this project, Eutelsat Communications will set up a new company in London, responsible for the relevant work. Facebook says, will partner with local companies in Africa to help provide Internet service.
Facebook Vice President of Internet.org project kelisi·danniersi (Chris Daniels), said: “Facebook’s mission is to connect the world. We believe that in addressing the barriers on connect Africa, the satellite will play an important role. We look forward to working in cooperation with Eutelsat Communications, new ideas of study on the use of satellite, thereby connecting Africans in a more effective manner. ”
Facebook will provide satellite Internet access service through the Internet.org. Internet.org aims to build a global Internet access service, but recently was blamed for net neutrality issues, many companies have this service is no longer supported.
Facebook spokeswoman said the company’s mission is to raise the number of Internet users. She said: “it’s not Internet.org intended. Facebook’s mission is to make the world more open and interoperable interconnect Internet.org is the extension of this mission. ”
Internet.org project since 2 years ago, Facebook has with carriers, technology giants such as Samsung Electronics, Qualcomm and Ericsson in Asia, 19 countries in Latin America and Africa launched Internet.org services. Facebook says Internet.org network access services have been provided to about 9 million people.


- Includes calls to mobile phones
1 Does not include calls to Rural locations
2 United States: Except Directory Assistance
3 DOES NOT INCLUDE CALLS TO JERSEY MOBILES AND ISLE OF MAN MOBILES
* Unlimited Plan can only be used from the registered primary account and cannot be shared by multiple users or other telephone numbers. See full Terms and Conditions.
Advertised minutes and rates based on calls from Germany using local access. Your mobile service provider may assess roaming or long distance charges when calling the local access numbers you use. Please check the details of your plan with your provider.
There may be a surcharge from your mobile service provider for using the 0800 or 0808 access numbers so IDT recommends that you use an alternative access number if you are calling from a mobile phone. Please check with your mobile service provider if you are unsure.
Calls made with a Toll Free access using your land line are billed 1.5c more per minute than the rates from Local access. Calling from your mobile using your Toll Free access number will have a surcharge of 35c per minute. Calling from a Payphone using your Toll Free access numbers will have a surcharge of 35c per minute.
IMPORTANT: when calling from a mobile phone DO NOT PRESS "SEND" after entering the destination number as this might result in additional charges from your mobile service provider.
Boss Revolution® Terms and Conditions: https://bossrevolution.de/terms


For up-to-date information, visit the homepage of Thom Fruehwirth.
A new tool optimizes the placement of radio transmitters for local wireless communications at company sites. It uses the latest in constraint-based programming technology.
Wireless communications is maybe the trend of the nineties. In Germany, for example, every third phone sold today is mobile. With the introduction of the European standard for digital cordless telecommunication (DECT) cordless local area networks are possible. Mobile communications comes to company sites. No cabling is required and the employees can be reached at any time at any place. However, planning of wireless digital networks is quite different from planning traditional wire-based systems. Small, local radio transmitters have to be installed to provide the wireless devices with signals. The specifics of radio wave propagation at the installation site have to be taken into account. Computer-aided planning can ease the difficulties encountered.
POPULAR won the Telecom application contest of Telecom Italia at CP'98, the annual conference on constraint programming, in October 1998. The system was featured on Bavarian Radio (Bayern 2, Hi-Tech Magazin) in November 1998.
POPULAR (Planning of Picocellular Radio) was developed in collaboration with industry and research institutions in Germany: The SIEMENS Research and Development Department, the SIEMENS Personal Networks Department (PN), the European Computer-Industry Research Center (ECRC) and the Institute of Communication Networks at the Aachen University of Technology.
POPULAR was implemented within one man year in the ECRC Constraint Logic Programming System ECLiPSe, which includes the latest in constraint technology. In particular, the constraint handling rules library was essential for a rapid, flexible and efficient implementation of the geometric constraints that appear in this placement problem. Constraint handling rules are a high-level language extension to implement arbitrary constraint systems. One version of POPULAR is part of the demo suite of ECLiPSe.
Given a blue-print of the building and information about the materials used for walls and ceilings, POPULAR computes the minimal number of transmitters and their location by simulation and subsequent optimization.
First, the characteristics of the building are computed using a grid of test points. Each test point represents a possible receiver position. For each test point the space where transmitter can be put to cover the test point is calculated. This is done by simulating the propagation of radio waves through the walls and ceilings of the building. If the grid is sufficiently small, we can expect that if two neighbouring test points are covered, the space inbetween - hence the whole building - can also be covered.
In the optimization phase, it is made sure that there is at least one transmitter inside each radio cell. The resulting opimization problem is solved using constraint technology. Coverages are intersected to find common locations for transmitters. Starting from an initial, non-optimal solution, other solutions are computed using a branch-and-bound method so that the number of transmitters is minimized.
Even though the problem is very complex in general, an optimal placement for building with up to 100 rooms is found by POPULAR within a few minutes. The overall quality of the solutions produced by POPULAR is comparable to those of a human expert.
This example shows the result of covering a medieval monastery.
Th. Frühwirth and P. Brisset, Optimal Placement of Base Stations in Wireless Indoor Telecommunication, Winner of telecom application contest, Fourth International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP98), Pisa, Italy, October 1998, Color Slides (ps.Z), Paper (ps.Z).
Th. Frühwirth and P. Brisset, Optimal Planning of Digital Cordless Telecommunication Systems, Third International Conference on The Practical Application of Constraint Technology (PACT97), London, U.K., April 1997, Slides (ps.Z), Paper (ps.Z).
Th. Frühwirth, J.-R. Molwitz and P. Brisset, Planning Cordless Business Communication Systems, IEEE Expert Magazine, Special Track on Intelligent Telecommunications, February 1996, revised version of Technical Report ECRC-95-32 (ps.Z).
Introduction in German (ps.Z) and Slides in German (ps.Z).


I am in a position where I occasionally get free stuff, like free Apple TVs (although everyone had that opportunity for awhile with DirectTV Now), and one such occasion I received a Plantronics 5200 headset, which crossed with my getting the Apple Air Pods
Plantronics Headset vs, Jabra Headsets head to head Comparisons – Which is Better? Headsets and amplifiers cost big money for businesses that run call centers But business sense tells us to look at the long-term future and balance the upfront costs with performance and operator benefits over the life of our equipment Better quality headsets [,]
Jabra Motion vs Plantronics Voyager Legend UC: What is the ,
From the bustling city streets to the corner café, you’ll be heard clearly with the Plantronics Voyager 5200 Bluetooth headset Our exclusive WindSmart technology and cutting edge noise cancelling block out distractions like wind, chatter, and traffic for crisp, uninterrupted calls
Plantronics unveils new Voyager 5200 and 5200 UC headsets ,
While the 5200 is the consumer model, the 5200 UC is the commercial one, aimed at a specific subset of the road warrior market “The Voyager 5200 looks a lot like the Legend but it is a new product within the Voyager family, which, has its own unique focus,” said Lars Ahntholz, Manager of Marketing Communications and Program at Plantronics
The Jabra Speak 710 shows us how to make a good speaker ,
So as some of you might know I said in my last Speakerphone shootout that the Jabra Speak 510 came a close second to the Plantronics Calisto due to some small niggly issu Well it seems Jabra has listened to their feedback and have answered the call with the Speak 710 The Design Lets get to the unit, First impressions are good
Compare Plantronics Voyager 6200 UC vs Plantronics Voyager ,
1 The first time you power on the headset it begins the pairing processPut on your headset and you will hear "pairing" and the headset LEDs flash red and blue 2 Activate Bluetooth on your phone and set it to search for new devic • iPhone Settings >Bluetooth >On* • Android Settings >Bluetooth: On >Scan for devices* NOTE *Menus may
Jan 25, 2016· Jabra EVOLVE 80 vs Plantronics Voyager Focus UC January 25, 2016 Fabrizio 2016, Devices, English Intro and Scenario During 2015, both Jabra and Plantronics have released a device (Jabra EVOLVE 80 and Plantronics Voyager Focus UC) whose market is a small number of people that use Unified Communication in a professional manner and that have .
Jabra Elite Sport vs Plantronics Voyager Legend: What is ,
What is the difference between Jabra Elite Sport and Plantronics Voyager Legend? Find out which is better and their overall performance in the Bluetooth headset ranking Categori Search smartphones cameras headphones countri en Overview Prices Specs + Add to comparison
Jabra Evolve 75e Review and Comparison - Michael Kummer
Nov 12, 2018· Jabra Evolve 75e vs Plantronics Voyager 6200 UC It’s more helpful to compare Jabra and Plantronics, because both brands and products compete in the same market As far as I’m concerned, the headsets offer comparable performance in many areas, but there are some differenc For example, the playback controls of the Plantronics are much .
Oct 25, 2017· The Plantronics Voyager 5200 UC is the California-based audio communications developer’s latest range of noise cancelling Bluetooth earpiece headsets designed to deliver impeccable audio quality and support mobile workers in any environment
Voyager 5200 Series, Bluetooth Headset | Plantronics, now Poly
Use Plantronics Hub mobile app to locate your lost headset, change languages, wirelessly update firmware, or personalize settings and alerts Use Plantronics Hub desktop software to view headset battery meter, change languages, update firmware, enable softphone call control, or ,
Mar 17, 2018· The Plantronics Voyager 6200 UC active noise-cancelling technology easily combats low frequenci The flexible neckband vibrates when receiving incoming calls Additionally, Class 1 Bluetooth technology allows for 30 meters of travel while maintaining a stable connection, paramount to office productivity
Plantronics, Jabra or Sennheiser: The best Bluetooth ,
Nov 15, 2019· Quality headsets are rare, despite the fact that there are dozens of Bluetooth headsets available We, however, have done the research so that you don't have to Here are our picks for the best .
Thuan Nguyen - What is different between Voyager 5200 UC ,
Dec 20, 2016· What is different between Voyager 5200 UC and non-UC Voyager 5200 model? Jump to Sections of this page , Jabra Product/Service Bose Product/Service Logitech G Computers (Brand) Indiegogo Business & Economy Website , Thuan Nguyen to Plantronics December 20, 2016 What is different between Voyager 5200 UC and non-UC .
Jabra Elite 65t vs Apple AirPods: Why the Underdog Wins ,
Jabra GN2100 Flex Series ; Jabra MOTION Series ; Jabra PRO 900 2G4 Series ; Jabra PRO 900 Bluetooth Series ; Jabra PRO 900 Series ; Jabra PRO 920/930 DECT Series ; Plantronics Blackwire 5200 Series ; Plantronics Blackwire 725 Series UC Headsets ; Plantronics CS Series ; Plantronics Legendary CS500 Series ; Plantronics Savi 400 Series .
Plantronics Voyager Focus UC versus Jabra Evolve 65 - YouTube
Plantronics VOYAGER-5200-UC (206110-101) Advanced NC Bluetooth Headsets System,Black 42 out of 5 stars 2,467 , when connected to my computer cuts on/off until I disconnect and Reconnect Manually I also have a Jabra and although it doesn't have the battery life or isn't quite as comfy , The sound quality is Much better Would not buy again
Jabra Motion UC+ vs Plantronics Voyager 5200 UC | ⿻ Full ,
Jun 18, 2018· Though it’s bulkier than our favorite Bluetooth headsets, the Plantronics Voyager 5200 is intuitively designed and has great sound cancellationIn testing the nine Bluetooth mono headsets side-by-side, our testers preferred smaller, in-ear models, but of the larger devices we tested, the Plantronics Voyager 5200 is the best
Difference Between Plantronics Savi 700 Series and CS 500 ,
Whats’ the Difference Between Plantronics Savi 700 Series and Plantronics CS500 Seri The main difference between these two Wireless Series’ is that the Savi 700 Series (Savi W740, W710, W720, W730) can connect to multiple devices, and the CS 500 Series (CS510, CS520, CS530, CS540) can only connect to one device
Plantronics Voyager 5200 are a top selling and one of the most expensive options They're a #1 bestseller in bluetooth headphones category and have dozens of popular alternatives in the same price range, such as GoNovate G10 or Treblab Z2 Plantronics Voyager 5200 ,
Review: 3 Bluetooth headsets for stereo sound | Computerworld
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According to the Royal National Institute for Deaf People, one in 10 adults in the UK would benefit from wearing a hearing aid, yet only one in 30 does so.
Hearing aids work by amplifying surrounding sounds so they can be heard by the user. Available in different shapes, sizes and types, they are worn either behind or in the ear, and are available free from the NHS or bought privately from registered hearing aid dispensers.
Recent years have seen a move from “analogue” to “digital” hearing aids – in the latter, the sound is processed by a tiny computer, allowing the aids to be customised very precisely to an individual’s level of hearing loss.
Many digital hearing aids can also be programmed with different settings for different sound environments – ranging from a quiet living room to a noisy restaurant. Most hearing aids can be switched to link in with hearing loop systems at counters and in venues including cinemas and theatres.
There are many types of hearing aids (also known as hearing instruments), which vary in size, power and circuitry. Among the different sizes and models are:
Body worn aids
This was the first type of hearing aid invented by Harvey Fletcher while working at Bell Laboratories, thanks to developments in technology they are now rarely used. These aids consist of a case containing the components of amplification and an ear mold connected to the case by a cord. The case is about the size of a pack of playing cards and is worn in the pocket or on a belt. Because of their large size, body worn aids are capable of large amounts of amplification and were once used for profound hearing losses. Today, body aids have largely been replaced by Behind-The-Ear (BTE) instruments.
Behind the ear aids (BTE)
BTE aids have a small plastic case that fits behind the pinna (ear) and provides sound to the ear via air conduction of sound through a small length of tubing, or electrically with a wire and miniature speaker placed in the ear canal. The delivery of sound to the ear is usually through an earmold that is custom made, or other pliable fixture that contours to the individuals ear. BTEs can be used for mild to profound hearing losses and are especially useful for children because of their durability and ability to connect to assistive listening devices such as classroom FM systems. Another benefit when used with children is cost, when the child is growing quickly a new mold can be made for a fraction of the price of a new ITE. Their colors range from very inconspicuous skin tones to bright colors and optional decorations. Recent innovations in BTEs include miniature “invisible” BTEs with thin hair-like sound tubes (see open-fit devices below). These are often less visible than In-The-Ear aids (ITEs) and some keep the ear canal more open so listeners may still utilise their residual natural hearing (most helpful for those with normal hearing in the lower frequencies). Ideal for high frequency losses, these miniature versions are generally used for mild to moderate hearing loss.
In the ear aids (ITE)
These devices fit in the outer ear bowl (called the concha); they are sometimes visible when standing face to face with someone. ITE hearing aids are custom made to fit each individual’s ear. They can be used in mild to some severe hearing losses. Feedback, a squealing/whistling caused by sound (particularly high frequency sound) leaking and being amplified again, may be a problem for severe hearing losses. Some modern circuits are able to provide feedback regulation or cancellation to assist with this. Traditionally, ITEs have not been recommended for young children because their fit could not be as easily modified as the earmold for a BTE, and thus the aid had to be replaced frequently as the child grew. However, there are new ITEs made from a silicone type material that mitigates the need for costly replacements.
Receiver In the ear aids (RITE)
At a first glance, these devices are similar to the BTE aid. There is however one crucial difference: The speaker (‘receiver’) of the hearing aid is placed inside the ear canal of the user and thin electrical wires replace the acoustic tube of the BTE aid. There are some advantages with this approach: Firstly, the sound of the hearing aid is arguably smoother than that of a traditional BTE hearing aid. With a traditional BTE hearing aid, the amplified signal is emitted by the speaker (receiver) which is located within the body of the hearing aid (behind the ear). The amplified signal is then directed to the ear canal through an acoustic tube, which creates a peaky frequency response. With a RITE hearing aid, the speaker (receiver) is right in the ear canal and the amplified output of the hearing aid does not need to be pushed through an acoustic tube to get there, and is therefore free of this distortion. Secondly, RITE hearing aids can typically be made with a very small part behind-the-ear and the wire connecting the hearing aid and the speaker (receiver) is extremely inconspicuous. For the majority of people this is one of the most cosmetically acceptable hearing device types. Thirdly, RITE devices are suited to “open fit” technology (see below) so they can be fitted without plugging up the ear, offering relief from occlusion.
In the canal (ITC), mini canal (MIC) and completely in the canal aids (CIC)
ITC aids are smaller, filling only the bottom half of the external ear. You usually cannot see very much of this hearing aid when you are face to face with someone. MIC and CIC aids are often not visible unless you look directly into the wearer’s ear. These aids are intended for mild to moderately-severe losses. CICs are usually not recommended for people with good low frequency hearing, as the occlusion effect is much more perceivable.
Bone Anchored Hearing Aids (BAHA)
The BAHA is a auditory prosthetic which can be surgically implanted. The BAHA uses the skull as a pathway for sound to travel to the inner ear. For people with conductive hearing loss, the BAHA bypasses the external auditory canal and middle ear, stimulating the functioning cochlea. For people with unilateral hearing loss, the BAHA uses the skull to conduct the sound from the deaf side to the side with the functioning cochlea.
Individuals under the age of 5 typically wear the BAHA device on a headband. Over age 5, a titanium “post” can be surgically embedded into the skull with a small abutment exposed outside the skin. The BAHA sound processor sits on this abutment and transmits sound vibrations to the external abutment of the titanium implant. The implant vibrates the skull and inner ear, which stimulate the nerve fibers of the inner ear, allowing hearing.
Recent hearing aids include wireless hearing aids. One hearing aid can transmit to the other side so that pressing one aid’s program button simultaneously changes the other aid and both aids change background settings simultaneously. FM listening systems are now emerging with wireless receivers integrated with the use of hearing aids. A separate wireless microphone can be given to a partner to wear in a restaurant, in the car, during leisure time, in the shopping mall, at lectures, or during religious services. The voice is transmitted wirelessly to the hearing aids eliminating the effects of distance and background noise. FM systems have shown to give the best speech understanding in noise of all available technologies. FM systems can also be hooked up to a TV or a stereo.
In developed countries FM systems are considered a cornerstone in the treatment of hearing loss in children. More and more adults discover the benefits of wireless FM systems as well, especially since transmitters with different microphone settings and Bluetooth for wireless cell phone communication have become available. Many theatres and lecture halls are now equipped with assistive listening systems that transmit the sound directly from the stage; audience members can borrow suitable receivers and hear the program without background noise. In some theatres and churches FM transmitters are available that work with the personal FM receivers of hearing instruments.
Directional microphones are currently – after FM systems – the best way to improve the signal to noise ratio, and thus, improve speech clarity in noise for the wearer.
Many hearing aids now have directional microphones, which can be a major improvement in crowded places such as restaurants and open-plan offices, because the directional microphone allows the user to focus on whoever is directly in front with reduced interference from conversations behind and to the sides. It is common for such a hearing aid to have both a directional microphone and an omnidirectional microphone and a switch that lets the user choose between hearing in all directions versus hearing only in the direction his or her head is facing. Some more-advanced models can electronically subtract signals so the user hears the directional signal minus the omnidirectional signal for improved background noise rejection.
Adaptive directional microphones are a further sophistication of the concept. The hearing aid processor is able to distinguish noise as opposed to speech and automatically reduce the particular noise source from a certain angle. The limitations are at the identification level, where a noise that behaves similarly to a speech signal is difficult to identify, thus reducing efficacy. In severe background noise, the directional microphone is less efficient, however benefits may still exist.
Directional microphones unfortunately work best when the distance to the talker is not so large. But at close range there is often less need for directional microphones. At longer range and when there is more background noise, an FM system is currently the best technology that can bridge distance and suppress background noise at the same time.
Telecoils (T-coils), sometimes referred to as “Telephone Coils”, allow audio sources to be directly connected to a hearing aid, which is intended to help the wearer filter out background noise. They can be used with telephones, FM systems, induction loop systems and public address systems. In the UK, and some Scandinavian countries, hearing loop systems are widely used in churches, shops, railway stations, and other public places. Within the US, such installations are uncommon, and are often ineffectively and/or inconveniently installed.
A T-coil consists of a metal core (or rod) around which ultra-fine wire is coiled. T-coils are also called induction coils because when the coil is placed in an electromagnetic (EM) field, an alternating electrical current is induced in the wire (Ross, 2002b; Ross, 2004). The T-coil detects EM energy and transduces (or converts) it to electrical energy. T-coils can also be used to pick up magnetic signals, just as a microphone picks up an acoustic signal; the T-coil then sends the signal to the hearing aid circuit or processor for amplification.
Since T-coils are effectively a wide-band receiver, interference is common. Such interference manifests as a buzzing sound, which varies in volume depending on the distance the wearer is from the source. Sources are electromagnetic fields, such as computers, electric cables, mobile phones, electric motors, airplane equipment, etc.
Since, by design, the sound processed through a T-coil is markedly different from a hearing aid’s microphone. The frequency characteristics can differ, especially at the mid and low frequencies.


That's not to say that the difference between analog and digital itself is irrelevant – implementation details can be very important if you realize that fundamentally, digital and analog signals can create and capture the same sounds, then you turn instead to all of the other potential decisions a designer might. Analog is a linear transmission of signal in the digital form of transmission, the signal is converted into binary code (0s and 1s) before transmission. The big switch to digital-only broadcasts is just around the corner, but do you really know the difference between digital and analog this analog signal is transmitted on a particular radio frequency, from the television station's transmitting antenna over the air to the receiving antenna connected to your tv. Let me try to answer your question in most easiest way in text book bp lathi of analog and digital communication system, signals are defined of four types based on which axis (time or amplitude) is sampled: 1 continuous time and continuous amp. There are two ways to differentiate analog and digital signals: by sensor type and by processing method in her forum answer, catherine used a helpful example to explain the differences between analog and digital sensors it involved using sensors to detect when a door opens and closes i'll use the same. Analog vs digital signals there are two types of signals that carry information - analog and digital signals the difference between analog and digital signals is that analog is a continuous electrical signal, whereas digital is a non-continuous electrical signal analog signals vary in time, and the variations. By doug lowe all of electronics can be divided into two broad categories: analog and digital one of the most common examples of the difference between analog and digital devices is a clock on the analog clock, the time is represented by hands that spin around a dial and point to a location on the dial that represents the. The impedance of cables and connectors is not a consideration, since analog audio signals are low in frequency in terms of the electromagnetic spectrum (fig 2) electromagetic spectrum graph need to understand analog and digital interfaces figure 2 – analog audio (sometimes called baseband audio.
Digital versus analog signal processing: effect of directional microphone michael valente robert sweetov/' lisa g potts becky bingea: abstract differences in performance were evaluated between the wide x senso c8 ( omnidirectional) and c9 (directional) hearing aids and analog hearing aids currently worn by 40. Important difference between analog and digital computation, and that the contrast has its primary use in a difference 3 ~ n y continuous signal may of course be discretized we can set a ruled grid against the column of mercury in a thermometer and then disre ard the intervals between marks, for instance when we do. There is much research on both analog and digital, especially from the consumerism side of the industry however, not much of that research attempts to discover and discuss the differences at a spectral or signal level this research will offer a new way of looking at the comparison between analog and digital audio by. Digital handheld radios struggle to relay quality sound because the digital system cannot distinguish background noise from the sound of a voice, which is a concern for emergency personnel in a controlled environment like a radio station , sound booth digital signals offer superior sound quality however.
Learn about the difference between analog vs digital, including digital and analog circuits, signals, sine waves, and square waves. We see both analog and digital devices around us but have you ever observed the difference between them or what in particular makes them different well we do that in this video and discuss a lot of science related to signals, waves and music we discuss about the future, nyquist rate and much more. Analog and digital signals are used to transmit information, such as audio or video, via electric signals the main difference between the two is that in analog technology, information is translated into electric pulses of varying amplitude, and in digital technology, translation of information is into binary format.
Analog and digital are the different forms of signals signals are used to carry information from one device to another analog signal is a continuous wave that keeps on changing over a time period digital signal is discrete in nature the fundamental difference between analog and digital signal is that. If we concern the discrete feature of the function, the problem will be more complex, therefore, in most digital signal processing textbooks, the signals are n o t digital indeed an interesting fact is that, for the the classical textbook by a v oppenheim, the name was digital signal processing in the 1st.
Analogue and digital signals communications signals can be analogue or digital analogue signals music and speech vary continuously in frequency and amplitude in the same way, analogue signals can vary in frequency, amplitude, or both you may have heard of fm and am radio - frequency modulated radio and.
When the first television broadcasts hit the airwaves in the 1920's, television shows were transmitted using an analog signal but in 1996, a new technology was invented that would change the way tv signals were transmitted through the air, with a digital signal today, the fcc requires all tvs to contain a. Have you ever wondered why some people claim that music stored on vinyl discs sounds so much better is digital music really worse than analog there are many differences between the two mediums- the heart of the distinction lies in the difference between digital (discrete) and analog (continuous).
By chris woodford last updated: march 25, 2018 back in the late 1970s, one of the most exciting things you could own was a digital watch instead of trying to figure out the time from slowly rotating hands, as you had to do with an old-style analog watch, you simply read the numbers off a digital display since then, we' ve. The crucial difference between analog and digital communication is that analog communication uses analog signals for transmission and reception of data while digital communication uses digital signals for transmitting and receiving data analog signals are the continuous time-varying signal while digital signals are. We often hear about analog and digital in the context of communications, sound recording and consumer electronic devices but what exactly but what exactly is the difference and is digital better than analog another distinction between analog and digital is in the field of electronics and signals in the.


How Does WhatsApp Work
WhatsApp Messenger is a mobile messaging app that lets you exchange messages without having to pay for SMS. WhatsApp Messenger is available for iPhone, BlackBerry, Android , Windows Phone and Nokia, and yes, all of these phones can send each other messages! Because WhatsApp uses the same internet data plan you use for email and web browsing, there are no messaging costs and you stay in touch with your friends.
WhatsApp users can create groups in addition to basic messaging, and send unlimited images, video , and audio media messages to each other. WhatsApp uses the Internet connection for your phone (4G/3G/2G / EDGE or Wi-Fi, as available) to communicate and call friends and family. To send and receive messages, calls, photographs , videos and voice messages, switch from SMS to WhatsApp FREE First Year! * (WhatsApp may charge $0.99 USD / year, current price).
WHY WHATSAPP PROOF:
• NO ADDITIONAL FEES: WhatsApp uses the internet connection of your phone (4G/3G/2G / EDGE or Wi-Fi, as available) to communicate with friends and family, so you don’t have to pay for every message or call.
• MULTIMEDIA: send photos , videos and voice messages and receive them.
• CALLING WHATSAPP: Call your friends and family free of charge using WhatsApp, even if they are in another country. WhatsApp calls use the Internet connection of your phone instead of the voice minutes of your cellular plan. * (Note: you can’t access 911 and other emergency service numbers via WhatsApp).
• CHAT GROUP: enjoy group chats with your contacts so you can stay in touch with your friends or family easily.
• WHATSAPP WEB: WhatsApp messages can also be sent and received directly from your computer’s browser.
• NO INTERNATIONAL CHARGES: There is no extra charge for the international sending of WhatsApp messages. Chat with your worldwide friends, and avoid international SMS charges.
• SAY NO TO USERNAMES AND PINS: Why bother to remember a different username or PIN yet? WhatsApp works with your phone number, just like SMS, and fits seamlessly into the existing address book for your phone.
• ALWAYS LOGGED IN: You are always logged in with WhatsApp, so that you don’t miss messages. No more confusion as to if you are logged in or logged out.
• QUICKLY CONNECT WITH YOUR CONTACTS: Your address book is used to connect you to your WhatsApp contacts quickly and easily, so you don’t need to add usernames that are hard to remember.
• OFFLINE MESSAGES: WhatsApp will save your recent messages until the next time you use the app, even if you miss your notifications or switch off your phone.
• AND MUCH MORE: share your location, exchange contacts, set up custom wallpapers and notification sounds, email chat history, send multiple-contact messages at once and more!