The SSB setup we opted for was:
This is all a pretty basic setup, except the modem; we decided to spend a little extra, to get the pro, which allows the PC to tune the radio (great for weatherfax and email), and the Pactor III upgrade, which makes it 5 times faster -- meaning we can do more email every day. However, it was expensive -- $4000 almost exactly, including the backstay and about $500 of ancilliaries, such as the copper grounding foil, cables, connectors, etc.
The actual installation was a huge project. First, we had a new backstay made up, with insulators near the top and bottom, which makes part of the backstay into an electrically isolated piece of wire -- this becomes our antenna, about 35 feet long. You can use a separate whip antenna, but this is a neater solution, albeit expensive. We couldn't just have our old one modified, as it was a twin, and in any case was getting close to needing replacement -- and with a new backstay, we will have all-new standing rigging barring the lower shrouds, which are in OK condition.
We first measured -- as accurately as possible -- the length of our old backstay, so that we could order the new one in advance -- this involved climbing the mast in the rock-and-roll San Diego cruiser's anchorage, a really hair-raising experience! I spent a lot of the time aloft riding out wakes with my arms and legs firmly wrapped around the mast.
Once the new backstay was ready, we pulled into the police dock to install it, which was much easier in that sheltered location, despite a pretty brisk wind. We simply rigged a temporary backstay using the main halyard, and set the running backstays; then just disconnected the old backstay, went aloft, swapped the new backstay in at the top, then came back down and connected the bottom end. All that was left was to set the tension to the same as the old twin backstays. The whole job took a couple of hours or so.
With that done, we ran the wires from the radio's new location to the back of the boat -- an awkward job, which involves opening up all the electrical panels and conduits, and then jamming more wires through holes in bulkheads which are already well stuffed with cables.
The next thing was to upgrade the brand-new DC panel to handle 40 amps, since the radio itself is rated at 30. Fortunately, the wiring to the panel was -- just -- capable of handling the load, so this amounted to changing some breakers, and adding a new 50-amp ammeter. In the process, I hauled out about 14 feet of redundant wiring, which will eliminate some unwanted voltage drop.
Having done this, we got the radio, antenna tuner and modem, and started thinking about where exactly to put them. One problem is that an SSB radio is huge -- we were planning to fit it next to the VHF, logically, but this would have required us to cut the chart table lid in two in order to get it open without hitting the SSB.
We finally decided to put the SSB where the radar was, move the radar to the left, where the old depth sounder and GPS are, move the GPS down closer to the chart table, and ditch the old depth sounder altogether (we still have the new one in the cockpit, which has the bonus feature that it actually works).
When you're transmitting 150 watts of power, and trying to get a signal out over thousands of miles, a simple telescopic aerial doesn't do the job -- not only do you need a good antenna, but this has to be coupled with a good ground for the signal to "jump off" from. Unfortunately, in a plastic boat, getting a good ground is tricky. So, the next job was to pull the floor up and remove both water tanks (which, with some foresight, we had run to empty). In the floor of the bilge we laid two parallel 2-inch copper ground straps, to act as a counterpoise for the antenna. These were greased with anhydrous lanolin, to keep them from corroding; this was an unbelievably disgusting job. While the floor was up, we emptied both starboard sofa lockers to feed through some extra slack in the radar cable, in order to allow us to move it.
At the forward end, both strips were connected to a small dynaplate which the boat came with for some unknown reason; this is a sintered bronze plate on the outside of the hull, which makes a good connection to the ocean for grounding. Midway back, we ran both of them up under the floor of the wet locker to the instruments shelf, and up through a slot (which we had to cut) to the radio's position. Then, one strip ran back to the back of the engine room -- this made a total of about 60 feet of ground strapping.
Here we installed the antenna tuner -- a device which automatically, under control from the radio, adjusts the antenna for whatever frequency we're using. This was connected to the grounding strip, and to the signal and control cables from the radio; and then to the backstay antenna. One nasty job was installing a line isolator in-line with the signal cable, right in the back of the quarter-berth, which was extremely cramped.
Finally, we screwed the radio and radar in place, and mounted the GPS in its new location. We had to extend the power and GPS data cables to the radar, but the GPS move was no problem. The modem, which is very light, is simply held to the top of the radio by a bungee loop. The most satisfying part of the job was making the last connections -- power, ground, antenna, and the tuner control to the radio, and control and audio cables from the radio to the modem.
With that all set up, we turned on the radio, and success -- we got the time signal on 10 MHz! We fired up the laptop, plugged it into the modem, and got our first weatherfax, with the PC tuning the radio via the modem. We also managed to get email out, after our Sailmail account was set up, so that was it. Note that doing email from within a city, and particularly a marina, is extremely difficult -- the signal is far better away from civilisation; so don't be discouraged if you have no luck from your marina slip.
Even without the email etc., I'd strongly recommend a good weatherfax setup for anyone heading off cruising. For those who want weatherfax without the expense, a receive-only setup should be almost as good, and a lot cheaper. Just don't try the Grundig Yachtboy -- it's not capable of getting weatherfax (from what I've heard, old versions of it were, but no more, sadly). Icom make a PC-controlled "black box" receiver about which I've heard good reports.


CPU: ARM 32-bit Cortex
Charging Supply: 5V 500mA
Current: 15-40mA (Working); 18uA-5mA (Standby)
Battery: Built-in 1000mA Lithium Battery
Working Time: 7 to 10 Days
Distance: 100m(Indoor); 400m(Outdoor)
Storage: 100000 Barcodes
Support to read USPS, FedEx barcode.
Scanning Type: Bi-directional
Light Source: 650nm LD
Decoding Speed: 260scans/sec
Radio Range: 330ft/ 100m Visual Range
Indication: Buzzer & LED
Depth of Field: 2mm-100mm(3.3mil); 2mm-350mm(10mil); 5mm-600mm(15.6mil); 10mm-1000mm(35mil)
Scanning Width: 30cm
Printing Contrast: Reflection Coefficient>=25%
Scanning Angle: rotor angel±30°，inclination± 45°，declination ± 60°
Decoding Capability: UPC/EAN、with complementary UPC/EAN、Code128、 Code39、Code 39Full ASCII、Coda bar、industrial /Interleaved 2 of 5 Code93、MSI、Code11、ISBN、ISSN、China post、etc(optional)GS1 Data barCode32
Button Life: 8000,000 times
Drop test ：2.0m fall to concrete
Compatible operation system: Windows XP/ Vista/ 7/ 8/ 8.1/ 10, MAC OS X/ Google Android, Linux.
Supported languages: English / French / German / Spanish / Italian etc 20 different languages
Application for Supermarkets, pharmacies, bakeries, book stores, fashion stores, tobacco shop and magazine kiosks etc.
1 * Bar code Scanner
1 * USB Charging Cable
1 * USB Wireless Receiver
1 * Set-up Card
1 * User Manual (English)
LONG TRANSMISSION RANGE: 433MHz Wireless Transmission Technology .Delivers up to 400m transmission in open air/100m transmission indoor. Compatible Windows XP/ Vista/ 7/ 8/ 8.1/ 10, MAC OS X/ Google Android, Linux etc operation system.
FAST TRANSFER: 32 bit duplex ARM+DSP digital signal processing technology, high speed CPU and Supported English / French / German / Spanish / Italian etc 25 kinds of language settings.
CONNECTION MODES: 433Mhz wireless connection,With Mini USB Receiver and USB Rechargeable Cable, Plug and Play, no need to install any software or app, easy to use
UNLOAD MODE & PARING MODE: TWO UNLOAD MODE -Instant upload mode / office storage mode(Built-in supports up to 100,000 bar codes); TWO PARING MODE- 1)support one scanner to one receiver; 2)several scanner to one receiver; one receiver can support 99 scanners.
VERY LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION: Integrated 1000mAh Li-Ion battery, standby of more than half a year if fully charged; continuous scanning bar code for 7-10 days; It can be charged by any USB 2.0 port


Skyway is pleased to announce the sale of Silicon Valley-based Premier Wireless Solutions (“PWS” or the “Company”) to wireless managed services provider OptConnect, a portfolio company of private investment firm Graham Partners. Skyway Capital Markets served as the exclusive investment banker to PWS for this transaction.
The acquisition will allow the two complementary and innovative organizations to add additional strategic capabilities, products lines, and service capabilities, while also providing opportunities to scale with greater end-market diversification and global reach. Together, the two organizations provide a full range of hardware and connectivity options, along with a full continuum of managed services to support customers in their specific business needs.
Founded in 2010, PWS has become a leading Internet of Things (“IoT”) solutions provider serving the M2M/IoT market and executes on all aspects of IoT network deployment including network design, hardware procurement, software configuration, staging, API integration, device certification, implementation, management, and support. With experience serving many different IoT verticals and markets including digital signage, primary internet applications, utilities, asset tracking, EV charging, and medical markets, PWS is well positioned to continue to grow their strong base of blue-chip customers.
Headquartered in Kaysville, UT, OptConnect is a one-stop shop provider of managed wireless connectivity solutions for unattended equipment. The company’s solution combines proprietary device configuration, network monitoring and reliable wireless IoT connectivity to provide a cost-effective, dependable, and secure total managed platform. Since 2009, OptConnect’s Connectivity-as-a-Service (“CaaS”) model has changed the way OEMs, operators, and deployers can connect their equipment to the internet reliably, without the expertise or expense of having to do it on their own.
PWS will continue to operate under the Premier Wireless Solutions name and will be branded as an OptConnect company. Their office in San Jose, California will remain open and Vince Giacomini, Founder of PWS, will serve as President of the PWS business unit.
PWS Founder, Vince Giacomini, commented “We have a unique, cutting-edge technology hardware and software business, with lots of moving parts, so finding an investment bank that understood our business and technology was a priority. With our office in Silicon Valley, we had plenty of options, but none of them came close to Skyway’s value proposition and the remarkable outcome we achieved. Their strong understanding of the IoT marketplace and relationships within the investment community allowed us to consummate an incredibly synergistic transaction with OptConnect that will benefit our customers and team for years to come.”
Jack Murray, Senior Vice President at Skyway Capital Markets, commented “It was great to represent a visionary technology entrepreneur such as Vince who is truly a pioneer in the M2M and IoT sector. We work across a variety of sectors, but it’s incredibly rewarding to see how Skyway’s unique approach can particularly benefit technology and telecom focused clients. The exceptional outcome we achieved for Vince and his team is a great example.”
Skyway Capital Markets CEO, Russ Hunt, added “We are incredibly excited for Vince and his team and for our team at Skyway. Having closed a $100M+ Series A financing just last week for a technology company in Tampa Bay, and now closing one of the more meaningful transactions of the year in the IoT space for a tech client in the San Francisco Bay Area, it is great to see our national technology practice at Skyway enter 2022 with strong momentum.”
Skyway Capital Markets, LLC is a leading M&A advisor to closely held, founder-owned, and family-owned middle-market businesses.
For additional information please contact:
Michael Devine, Managing Director
Jeff Hunt, Senior Managing Director
Jack Murray, Senior Vice President
About Premier Wireless Solutions
Premier Wireless Solutions (“PWS”) is a value-add distributor and solutions provider that offers a full range of services from concept to deployment. PWS delivers innovative wireless products from embedded modules to fully integrated systems and combines hardware with expansive global connectivity plans for all applications accommodating data usage models large and small. With 10+ years of wireless experience PWS works closely with design services and test certification houses building new partnerships every day.
Headquartered in Kaysville, UT, OptConnect (www.OptConnect.com) is a one-stop shop provider of managed service wireless connectivity for unattended equipment including ATMs, smart safes, kiosks, micro markets, digital signage and other custom applications. The company’s solution combines proprietary device configuration, network monitoring, and reliable wireless IoT connectivity to provide a cost effective, dependable, and secure total managed platform supported by a superior customer service infrastructure. OptConnect has spent 10+ years perfecting managed wireless services so that customers can focus on their core business strengths without having to deal with the delays, complexities, and frustrations of typical cellular deployments. OptConnect’s fully managed solution provides Connectivity-as-a-Service for M2M and IoT applications that is simple and easy to implement.


City of Glendale AZ Glendale, AZ 85304
Performs skilled work in the testing, installation and repair of traffic signal and ITS equipment and in the design and maintenance of networking systems and test equipment.
1. Troubleshoots and repairs all malfunctioning microprocessor based traffic signal control and ITS equipment.
2. Programs and tests traffic signal and ITS equipment and verifies that equipment operates within specifications.
3. Operates traffic signal and ITS equipment pertaining to field and shop environments including oscilloscopes, volt-ohm-meters, microprocessor equipment, and OTDR's.
4. Wires, modifies and installs traffic signal control cabinets, adds additional circuitry and updates existing equipment.
5. Sets and checks timing of traffic signal controllers at intersections and at the city's central signal control system KITS; maintains a file of timings for all intersections.
6. Designs, constructs and uses various test equipment and display panels.
7. Maintains computerized equipment inventory and vendor contact list for Transportation Systems Management.
8. Performs maintenance of all equipment at signalized intersections.
9. Evaluates and tests new equipment for possible use and maintains a file of equipment in use by location.
10. Maintains spare parts inventory of traffic signal and ITS equipment; orders parts as needed.
11. Receives and handles all trouble calls relating to traffic signal repair.
12. Performs aerial work up to 60 feet using bucket trucks.
13. Recommends updates to the Transportation Systems Management standards and specifications.
14. Updates computer database of the city's fiber optics network and related components.
15. Generates statistical reports relevant to traffic signal timing and event management.
16. Maintains, repairs, troubleshoots and installs detection systems including radar, video and magnetometer systems.
17. Assists in traffic control during special events at city facilities including setting barricades and programming dynamic message signs.
18. May act as the lead worker on signal enhancement projects. Operates assigned city vehicle(s).
19. Performs other related duties as assigned.
Minimum Qualifications & Special Requirements
Associate's Degree or trade school course certification in electronics or network management and three years experience in electronics or other related field.
The principles and practices and equipment involved in the installation and maintenance of traffic signals, controllers and ITS equipment
Possible defects in traffic signal and ITS equipment and of effective corrective measures
The maintenance of electronic equipment and the use of applicable tools, meters and test equipment
The occupational hazards and necessary precautions relative to electrical and electronic traffic signal repair work
The use of traffic signal and ITS testing equipment and other related tools
Troubleshooting and repairing defects in traffic signal and ITS systems
Design and build computer networks, electrical systems and wireless networks
Establish and maintain effective working relationships with other employees, contractors, vendors and the public
Work from drawings and specifications and to understand and follow oral and written instructions
Provide expertise in areas of traffic signal and ITS design and repair
Communicate effectively both verbally and in writing
*Any equivalent combination of training and experience that provides the required knowledge, skills and abilities is qualifying.*
A valid Arizona driver's license at time of application
Requires Work Zone Safety Certification within one year from the date of hire
Requires IMSA Level I Certification within one year from the date of hire, and Level II Certification within two years from the date of hire
Will require after hours on call traffic signal duty and working scheduled extended hours during large spectator events
Applicants will be required to undergo drug and alcohol testing prior to employment, and will be subject to further drug and alcohol testing throughout their period of employment, in accordance with the City of Glendale Substance Abuse policy.
Often requires lifting heavy equipment of up to 75 pounds, performing signal repairs at the height of traffic lights, sometimes in inclement weather.
Exposure to traffic, weather extremes, exhaust fumes.
*Salary:* $49,446.00 - $74,169.00 Annually
*Location:* Glendale, AZ
*Job Type:* Full Time
*Job Number:* 2020 -01993
*Closing:* 9/30/2020 5:00 PM Arizona
*Agency:* City of Glendale (AZ)
*Address:* 5850 W. Glendale Ave. Glendale, Arizona, 85301


Smart Wearable Controlling System by Hand and Fingers Gesture Recognition
In this project, a smart wearable controlling system by hand and fingers gesture recognition as home appliances controller is developed on movements of hand and fingers. The proposed smart wearable system is built with least sensors possible for gesture recognition. Thus, motion sensors are placed on two fingers, namely the thumb, index finger to detect fingers’ motions and another sensor at the back of the palm to measure the hand movement. Total of twenty-two gestures are used in this study by analyzing the movements of fingers. The motion sensors data are transmitted to the mobile device through Bluetooth. An application is built by Qt cross-platform and deployed into mobile device (various platform) to detect and stimulate the effectiveness of the gestures recognition by the embedded n-dimension dynamic time warping (ND-DTW) classifier. The proposed smart wearable system was able to detect the gestures at mean accuracy of approximately 97.55%.
Essentially, the system is built up with three modules:
- sensor module
- processing module
- mobile application.
The sensor module consisted of three IMU sensors attached on thumb and index finger, and back of the palm are communicated with the processing module. The processing module remove the internal noises and motion artifact of the received sensors data and further transmitted the filtered data to the mobile application via Bluetooth communication. Gestures are classified by the trained ND-DTW model and the respective pre-defined command in the prototype home controller application is triggered as shown in Figure 1 . The proposed smart wearable controller system is depicted in Figure 2.
Our proposed system can be applied to various applications as described in Figure 3. Qt cross-platform software is used for developing the prototype mobile application in this study as it is capable to run on various software and hardware platforms with little or no change in the underlying code base such as Android, iOS, and embedded system.
Smart Home application
In order to stimulate the effectively of the proposed smart wearable controller system, a smart home application as depicted in Figure is developed in Android platform with encoded template of 7 hand gestures and 2 finger gestures. Figure 9 shows the system overview of smart home application. The functions recognized by the gestures included displaying of date and time, temperature, humidity, at home. Other controller functions included turning the lamps on/off, controlling the brightness of the lamps, displaying the weather forecast, alarm setting or playing songs. The summary of the gestures:
- Swipe up - turn on the lamp.
- Swipe down - turn off the lamp.
- Swipe left - display content of previous tab in application.
- Swipe right - display content of next tab in application.
- W shape - display weather forecast.
- M shape - play music.
- S shape - stop music.
- Rotate left (finger gesture) – increase the brightness of lamp.
- Rotate right (finger gesture) – decrease the brightness of lamp.


13 Feb Do I need a 4K monitor to use the IR-2000?
Posted at 22:18h in
In short, no. The IR-2000 camera has adjustable resolutions and can be adjusted to fit your current monitor – although we recommend an HD monitor (1920 x 1080) for best viewing.
A 4K monitor will enable you to access the 4K resolution setting on the camera to provide even greater picture clarity to your image.


Crossbow on Big F#@!ing Webtone Switch
Back in the days of SUN Microsystem, Scott McNealy asked us to build a big F#@!ing Webtone Switch. At that time, the underlying pieces weren’t there but over last few years the possibilities have opened up. We now have the switch chips from Broadcom and Intel that switch at 1.2Tbps in H/W. From a OS view, 1.2 Tbps of switching at 300ns latency is great but the more amazing thing is PCIe as a control plane which allows 20-40Gbps of control plane B/W where you can change switch registers, L2/L3-tables, TCAMs, etc at nano-second rates.
So after more than three years of work and million lines of C code, the Pluribus Network’s engineering team has the switch chip under Crossbow control. For people who are not sure what I am talking about, in 2005 project Crossbow invented virtual switching inside a server hypervisor and introduced hardware based Virtual NICs and dynamic polling to get 40Gbps of bandwidth through a server OS. The details were published in “Crossbow: From Hardware Virtualized NICs to Virtualized Networks” in ACM Sigcomm VISA 09.
In the goal to benefit from merchent silicon ecosystem and orchestrate the entire infrastructure using Open source OS on switches, the industry has been going on suboptimal paths. The most notable efforts around a centralized controller can barely deal with the scale of single switch and typically requires sending a packet to a controller running on a separate server. The latency of these transactions (typically in milliseconds to seconds) defeats the required reaction time in microseconds in virtualized environments where Network resources are shared. The other approach of just throwing the Intel or Broadcom SDK on a whitebox switch with Linux and Quagga doesn’t really solve the control plane problem. The Broadcom and Intel SDK are crafted for their specific switch chips and meant for configuration ease and not for high speed control plane software.
By bringing the Crossbow Architecture on the switch chip where it is part of the Network OS directly controlling the switch chip via the PCIe allowsus to get following benefit:
- Integrated Switch Hardware with fully programmable Control Plane allowing the performance and scale necessary to deal with 10Gbps switches (the distributed control plane is part of the Network OS running on the switch itself).
- Enable applications like DDoS, IDS, Firewall, Load Balancer, routing, messaging, etc that need to be in network to run on the switch itself and benefit from the H/W offload, high speed snooping, and flow capability that switch chip offers via C, Java, Perl, Python, etc programming interfaces in UNIX/Linux environment. Development, Deployment and Resource provisioning of these applications on Crossbow enabled switches is same as current server mechanisms and uses the existing tool chain (gcc/gdb, kvm, etc).
- Bring the benefit of merchent silicon ecosystem on switches under Openstack control enabling faster pace of innovation and cost advantages.
As we get ready to roll Netvisor (and its open source version – openNetvisor) out, I will discuss more details on this blog in near future.


Brand Name: LEORY
Cabinet Material: Metal
Speaker Type: Portable
Feature: Play Video
Channels: 2 (2.0)
Power Source: AC
Number of Loudspeaker Enclosure: 1
Audio Crossover: Full-Range
Built-in Microphone: No
Display Screen: No
Intelligent Personal Assistant: None
Support Apt-x: No
Remote Control: No
Model Number: Bluetooth Speaker
Playback Function: Other
Support Memory Card: Yes
Support APP: Yes
Display Screen: No
Output Power: 5W
Frequency Range: Other
Voice Control: No
Wi-Fi Music: Other
Color: Black, Khaki, Camouflage, Graffiti
Note: Please kindly leave us a PAYPAL NOTE specifying your favorite color, otherwise we will send it in Random.
Bluetooth distance: 10m
Battery capacity: 1500mAh
Signal to noise ratio: ≥80dB
Audio input: AUX, USB, TF card, Bluetooth
Power: USB Charge
Output power: 5W
Input voltage: 110V~220V / 50HZ
Size: Approx. 37.4x15x15cm/ 14.72x5.91x5.91''
360 ° surround sound, sound quality without noise.
Support wired microphone insertion, connect the microphone at any time to sing.
Play music with LED lights at the same time.
Bluetooth 4.2, distance up to 10m, can be connected to mobile phones, tablet, computer or laptop.
Built-in FM radio function, listen to popular music radio, easy operation.
Battery capacity, 1500mAh, 4 hours of new love for continuous playback, endurance and strong.
How to use:
1. Plug in, turn the volume button clockwise and start.
2. Open cell phone Bluetooth, search''CH-M18''device, Bluetooth has been connected.
3. If you want to switch other functions, such as FM radio, please press the "Mode" button, the function switch is, the display will have a hint.
1.Please allow 1-3cm error due to manual measurement and make sure you do not mind before ordering.
2.Please understand that colors may exist chromatic aberration as the different placement of pictures.
3.For more information,pls contact me,we will reply to you ASAP,thank you
If you are on our products, our services are not satisfied,
please contact us and we will provide you with the perfect solution.
Note: Remote control is not included.
1 x Bluetooth Speaker
1 x USB Cable


In the age of rapid technological advancement, the Internet of Things (IoT) stands as a beacon of innovation, promising to transform the way we interact with the world around us. From smart homes to industrial automation, IoT is reshaping industries and revolutionizing daily life, offering unprecedented levels of connectivity, efficiency, and convenience.
Understanding Internet of Things (IoT)
At its core, IoT refers to the network of interconnected devices embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies that enable them to collect and exchange data. These devices can range from everyday objects like smartphones and wearable devices to specialized equipment used in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture, and transportation.
Key Components of IoT
Sensors and Actuators
These are the building blocks of IoT devices, responsible for gathering data from the physical environment and triggering actions based on predefined conditions. Sensors detect changes in temperature, humidity, motion, and other parameters, while actuators enable devices to perform tasks such as turning on lights, adjusting thermostats, or opening doors.
IoT devices rely on various communication technologies to transmit data over networks. This includes wireless standards like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and cellular networks, as well as emerging technologies like Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) and 5G, which offer greater range, bandwidth, and reliability.
Data Processing and Analytics
Sophisticated algorithms and analytics tools are necessary to extract meaningful insights from the immense data produced by Internet of Things (IoT) devices, with cloud computing platforms and edge computing solutions serving as vital components in processing and analyzing data in real-time, empowering organizations to make informed decisions and enhance operational efficiency.
Security and Privacy
With the proliferation of connected devices, ensuring the security and privacy of IoT ecosystems is paramount. Encryption, authentication mechanisms, and secure protocols help protect data from unauthorized access and cyber threats. Additionally, regulatory frameworks like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the United States impose strict requirements for handling personal data collected by IoT devices.
Applications of IoT
IoT-enabled devices like smart thermostats, security cameras, and voice-controlled assistants have become ubiquitous in modern households, offering homeowners greater convenience, energy efficiency, and security.
Industrial IoT (IIoT)
In manufacturing, IIoT technologies enable predictive maintenance, asset tracking, and process optimization, leading to increased productivity, reduced downtime, and lower operational costs.
Internet of Things impact on Healthcare
IoT devices play a vital role in remote patient monitoring, telemedicine, and medical asset management, empowering healthcare providers to deliver personalized care and improve patient outcomes.
Municipalities are leveraging IoT solutions to enhance urban infrastructure, optimize traffic flow, manage waste, and monitor environmental conditions, making cities more sustainable, resilient, and livable.
IoT sensors, drones, and precision farming techniques enable farmers to monitor soil moisture, crop health, and weather conditions in real-time, maximizing yields, conserving resources, and minimizing environmental impact.
Challenges and Opportunities
While the potential of IoT is immense, it also presents several challenges that must be addressed:
The proliferation of diverse IoT devices and platforms has created interoperability issues, making it difficult for devices from different manufacturers to communicate seamlessly.
As IoT deployments continue to grow in scale and complexity, organizations must ensure that their infrastructure can support the increasing volume of data generated by connected devices.
The collection and analysis of vast amounts of personal data raise concerns about privacy, surveillance, and data ownership, necessitating robust privacy policies and security measures.
Cybersecurity Risks in the Internet of Things Era
IoT devices are vulnerable to cyber attacks, malware, and data breaches, posing significant risks to individuals and organizations. Strengthening cybersecurity defenses and implementing best practices is essential to mitigate these threats.
Despite these challenges, IoT presents unparalleled opportunities for innovation and growth across industries. By harnessing the power of connected devices, organizations can unlock new business models, improve operational efficiency, and enhance the quality of life for people around the world.
In conclusion, the Internet of Things represents a paradigm shift in how we interact with technology, enabling a more interconnected, intelligent, and responsive world. As IoT continues to evolve and mature, its transformative impact will be felt across every aspect of society, driving progress and shaping the future of our interconnected world.
Note to Readers:
Stay tuned to our blog for more insights into the latest developments in IoT and other emerging technologies shaping the world of tomorrow.
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This video shows you how to connect your laptop to your mixer. First you will need two different sound sources from your laptop to your mixer. This is so that you can use all of your mixer functions on two different channels. The way to do this is to run a 1/8" RCA cable channel 7 from your normal earphone jack to the mixer. Also use a behringer uca202 audio interface to connect to the laptop via USB cord. This provides another earphone jack. Then use a master out cable to connect it to an amplifier. Which in turn is connected to the speakers. Then configure the software accordingly. Practice and Enjoy.


The term RGB port can be a bit ambiguous because it doesn’t refer to one specific type of connector.
RGB: The Backbone of Color Displays
RGB stands for Red, Green, Blue. These are the primary colors of light and the basis for how displays create the wide range of colors we see.
Different Ports that Transmit RGB Signals
Here are the most common types of ports that deal with RGB video signals:
VGA: The traditional 15 pin analog connector commonly found on older computers and monitors. VGA transmits separate red, green and blue signals along with synchronization signals.
Component Video: Found on older DVD players, set top boxes and some TVs component video uses three RCA connectors (colored red, green and blue) to carry separate and higher quality RGB signals.
SCART: A now rare European standard SCART connectors combined RGB signals with audio and composite video in a single connector.
DVI: Some digital DVI (Digital Visual Interface) variants can carry analog RGB signals, though DVI is primarily used for digital connections.
HDMI/DisplayPort: Modern digital standards carry RGB video data digitally along with other signals providing the highest quality and most features.
Key Points to Consider
Context Matters: When someone refers to an RGB port they’re likely talking about one of the above options. Knowing the device in question helps narrow things down.
RGB isn’t Just for Video: RGB values/signals are used for computer graphics, printing and many other areas where color representation is important.


Forum dedicated to discussion on Icom Amateur Radio products
- Posts: 1
- Joined: Mon Apr 05, 2010 9:55 pm
I have added some new channels and when I turn on my radio to go to them they just flash. I cant hear someone else that is transmiting on that channel. The other radio is a GMRS What have I dont wrong. I have other channels that work fine
- Posts: 363
- Joined: Mon Aug 30, 2004 1:37 pm
- Location: Seattle, Washington
What frequency are you putting in? The F50 is a VHF radio and GMRS is on UHF.


JTAPI is an object-oriented interface that represents an uniform abstraction model for telephony applications. JTAPI implementations are available for all major PBX systems, therefore telephone applications can be made portable.
The object and event model can be used to control just a single telephone (known as first party interface) or a complete PBX (third party interface). The API consists of a core package and has various extensions, e. g. for call control and call centers. The mobile extension provides features such as returning the available networks, which is used for applications running on Java enabled mobile phones.
A communication session in JTAPI is modeled using the Call object. A Call can contain many participating parties. Each party gets its own Connection object associated with the call representing one leg. Each Connection has an associated Address, that is the telephone number of the call originator or receiver. Terminals represent communication devices. An association between a Connection and a Terminal is modeled with the TerminalConnection object. An incoming phone call may ring at three Terminals, so three TerminalConnections will be generated to represent this. After one Terminal has answered, only one TerminalConnection will be left - the others will have entered the dropped state and left the call. Call, Connection and TerminalConnection objects are created dynamically.
The Terminal and Address objects represent the static setup. The association between them is a many to many relationship. An address may be assigned to many terminals (group-call) and a terminal may be assigned to many addresses (aliasing).
The Provider object is used to retrieve the terminals, addresses and to register event listeners. It is also possible to retrieve all active Calls.
Each has a finite state machine (FSM) to define its state in the telephony session. The figure above an example of the Connection object FSM. Whenever a new state is entered, an event is generated for the application. Here is an example for initiating a call in JTAPI:
Terminal terminal = provider.getTerminal("jens_desk"); Address addr = provider.getAddress("34"); Call call = provider.createCall(); call.connect(_terminal, _addr, "0049898976890");
We can also use the first associated address to the terminal, instead of setting it directly:
Address addr = terminal.getAddresses();


Network Performance Management
Formerly Known As: Cascade, OPNET
Today’s IT ops teams need an end-user and app-first viewpoint in the way they monitor, troubleshoot and analyze their network performance. Riverbed Network Performance Management solutions provide end-to-end visibility and analytics to deliver actionable information to resolve performance problem rapidly and proactively.
Network Performance Monitoring & Diagnostics
Understand the impact of applications delivery and network performance problems
Network Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics solutions enables you to understand and monitor the performance of the networks and applications that deliver them to end-users, as they work together in your network.
Networks have evolved tremendously, so managing the network has gotten harder
Networks are more than just a collection of routers and switches. Massive adoption of virtualization, webification of applications and the shift to mobile devices has increased the complexity of managing networks. According to Forrester Research, 31% of performance issues take more than a month to resolve, or are never resolved.
In the face of greater application volume, variety, and interdependency, network management approaches tend to break down for several reasons:
- No linkage between network monitoring and troubleshooting
- Lack of an application performance perspective
- The end-user perspective is missing
- Manual correlation is required across datasets.
Getting the big picture with application-aware network performance monitoring (ANPM)
To really understand application performance across the network, you need a holistic operational view that helps you manage performance from the perspective of efficiently delivering applications to the end-user.
With Riverbed SteelCentral network performance monitoring and diagnostics solutions, you can:
- Understand the relationships and interdependence of all components in your physical, virtual and cloud infrastructure – including applications
- Understand the “real-time” performance and behavior of your network infrastructure and application delivery for effective and fast troubleshooting
- Gain historical perspective and context for performance data trends with analytics to uncover the root cause and the impacts of application delivery performance problems on the business
- Get notified whenever application availability, latency and quality metrics fall short or start to degrade – even before end-users would notice
- Automatically discover infrastructure components are involved and their dependencies to see how applications and infrastructure work together to deliver business-critical services across the network
Improve user satisfaction and speed time to resolution
With SteelCentral, you can monitor the current end-to-end health of business-critical applications as an aggregate service, rather than as its constituent components. You can share this info easily across IT, management, and business stakeholders who need visibility into info on how critical applications are performing.
Application performance issues are solved faster with SteelCentral network performance monitoring and diagnostics because you:
- Know about problems before end-users do with proactive alerting
- Keep on top of critical application health with service monitoring
- See what’s happening, as it happens, with real-time analytics
- Understand how it all works together with dependency mapping


Need help? Call us on
Find out what you need to utilize VoIP technology to make business phone calls and start saving As business expenses continue to rise, VoIP services (Voice over Internet) have become a significant means of reducing costs for UK small businesses (SMEs). A recent study by Telappliant revealed that the two primary reasons for implementing VoIP services were the need to reduce overall communication costs and to allow staff more flexibility to work from home or from another location. The implementation of VoIP services has proven to reduce communication expenses in SMEs by as much as 80%.
While the savings can be significant, the uptake of VoIP services in UK SMEs has been rather slow when compared to their continental counterparts. A 2006 industry study revealed that three quarters of managers in UK SMEs did not understand the impact of VOIP in businesses. Fortunately, the majority of SMEs have recognising the benefits of VoIP calls, with a recent study finding that seven out of ten SMEs indicate they will implement VoIP services by 2013.
Voice over IP essentially allows analogue telephone calls to be made through your broadband connection. It does this by converting the analogue voice signal into a digitalized data package and sent it across in internet and converts it back into an analogue signal once it reaches its destination.
To take advantage of VoIP services, SMEs require high speed internet connectivity and in some cases an upgrade of their phone systems. To assist SMEs in the rollout of VoIP services, the government has launched Broadband Delivery UK, a dedicated organisation which helps councils to implement high speed broadband services across the UK, which means more areas will be able to take advantage from web fuelled business.
At Make It Cheaper, we have been working for several years providing cheaper landline and broadband solutions to SMEs across the UK, and have now included VoIP services as part of our on-going commitment to saving SMEs more money on their business costs.
Give our expert team a call today on 0800 980 2092 for your impartial and free VoIP advice and see how much you could save. We are also available for tailored landline and broadband advice, so give out team a call and see how much you could save.


If you’re seeking a new hosted PBX provider, then you’re probably aware that there are several different options. Of course, not all options are available for every type of business, which is why it’s important that you choose the one that works for your particular business. Two main types of PBX providers are SIP and VoIP, and here is an overview of the differences between the two, so you can better decide which one might work best for your business.
What is a PBX Provider?
PBX stands for Private Branch Exchange and is a specialized process that is involved in the dispatching and controlling phone calls that businesses make and receive. In the past, PBX providers experienced challenges with providing proper services while keeping costs as cheap as possible. However, many of the limitations that earlier PBX providers faced no longer exist, as PBX services are now provided via the cloud, which is significantly more reliable, assessable, and efficient.
What is SIP?
SIP, or session initiation protocol, is an advanced phone service that businesses use. SIP enables businesses to communicate with other businesses and clients by using their cell phones and other devices through the internet. This significantly reduces the cost of communicating with others around the world, with no laws or limitations to contend with.
There are both pros and cons of SIP, and here is a list of both:
- The ability to communicate with anyone, regardless of their location in the world, in a simple, fast and efficient manner
- There is an immense amount of flexibility, as SIP incorporates a wide array of different telephone systems
- It’s easy to integrate other software with the SIP, for convenience and ease
- Easy to navigate and manage, from any location
- Depending on the provider chosen, you can take advantage of no-obligation introductory services
- Savings in overall communication costs
- The management of text messages via SIP places a higher burden on gateways. It’s necessary for the router to translate that text into a language that the router is familiar with, and code for this must be in Cisco IOS.
- SIP is still a relatively new protocol, which means that more people are familiar with the original protocols. It’s important that people who use SIP are trained in all aspects of it, so they can maximize their experiences.
- SIP features continue to be improved and tweaked on an ongoing basis, which might make using it confusing for many businesses.
- If your internet service provider is unable to maintain your access to the internet due to any problem, then you will be unable to communicate via SIP during downtimes.
What is VoIP?
VoIP, which stands for virtual over internet protocol, is a process that entails the use of the internet in order to make phone calls to others throughout the world. With VoIP, your IP address is also your internet protocol address, should you decide to utilize VoIP services.
Like SIP, there are pros and cons to VoIP services, and many businesses confuse these two internet phone services, but there are distinct differences. Here is an overview of the pros and cons:
- Drastically lowers phone bills
- Very flexible and can be used with any device
- Allows multiple devices to be connected simultaneously
- Communication is efficient and dependable
- Your phone number and ability to communicate with others is mobile and can take place at any location
- The VoIP service is only as dependable as the system is
- There could be issues with security, since the internet is used to make calls
- Slow internet connections could affect the quality of service
- Since IP addresses are used for VoIP services, there is no way to call 911 from the internet-based phone
- Unlike cellular phones that can be used regardless of power as long as they’re charged, VoIP service will not operate without power
VoIP vs SIP
As you already know, both VoIP and SIP provide your company with the ability to communicate by using the internet in a mobile and efficient manner. However, VoIP only has the ability to provide voice calls and messages, while SIP takes communication to the next level. With SIP, you will be provided with the ability to make voice calls and send voice messages, in addition to multimedia messages.
Another distinct difference between VoIP and SIP is the fact that SIP only requires a modem, and it can enable businesses to utilize the offered services regardless of the device that is used to access it. On the other hand, VoIP only works with a computer.
Which is Superior? SIP or VoIP?
Since SIP and VoIP are two different types of communication services, it’s difficult to say which one is superior. If your business only needs telephone services and won’t be sending multimedia messages, then VoIP will likely meet your needs, and at a lower cost. However, if you need communication services that enable you to communicate in multiple ways and you don’t always have access to a computer, then SIP might better meet your needs. Before choosing one or the other when it comes to these services, be sure that you locate a reputable host who can provide you with the exact services that will help you take servicing your customers to the next level.


From a message in a bottle to best practice in communications
As Australian states and federal bodies work to improve emergency communications, journalist Kate Lahey speaks with Louisiana's Brant Mitchell about the radio network he helped build after Hurricane Katrina.
Brant Mitchell, Director of Research and Operations of the Stephenson Disaster Management Institute at Louisiana State University.
Of all the communication technologies New Orleans could boast in 2005, few held up under the force of Hurricane Katrina. Mobile phones failed, landlines were knocked out and the few emergency radio systems that did work were jammed. Fire and emergency medical services lost all 911 communications.
To communicate with each other, first responders were forced to thumb out text messages on their phones or find a runner—someone who could physically travel to the person they were trying to reach, on foot or by car.
To warn a team of emergency workers about a dangerous gas leak, a military helicopter dropped a message in a bottle. This was among the evidence given in a report on the communications failures during Katrina, for the United States Federal Communications Commission.18
The report also described how thousands of first responders were forced to communicate in single channel mode—one single radio to another single radio at a time—using just three frequencies. Radio users had to wait their turn before speaking, sometimes up to 20 minutes.
Katrina, of course, was not unique in destroying communications or highlighting the shortcomings of a system ill-prepared. Problems during Victoria’s Black Saturday bushfires included poor coverage, serious delays, channel congestion and difficulties among metropolitan and regional police who were using incompatible systems, according to the 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission.19
Responders to the Queensland floods in 2011 battled black spots, congestion and a lack of interoperability between emergency service agencies, the Queensland Floods Commission of Inquiry found.20
Australian states and federal bodies are in the process of improving radio communications for emergency services and developing systems to eventually allow first responders in all states to communicate with inter-agency and interstate colleagues when they need to.
The National Framework to Improve Government Radiocommunications Interoperability, endorsed by COAG in 2009, aims to enhance government voice and data radio communications and have all domestic radio communications equipment working on interoperable systems by 2020.21
In New Orleans, those who endured the chaos of Katrina are already using such a system. Eight years after Katrina, Louisiana now lays claim to the largest statewide radio system in the USA by number of users – more than 70 000 - and one that is considered best practice in the country.
Brant Mitchell is among those responsible for leading this transformation. He visited Australia recently to explain how Louisiana built the USA first statewide digital 700MHz radio system.
Using recovery grants from the USA Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), as well as state and local funds, authorities began building the new network in south-east Louisiana immediately after Hurricane Katrina, then extended it to the rest of the state.
It took about four years and cost more than $250 million, Mr Mitchell said. Some of that was for infrastructure, and some for radios, which Mr Mitchell said cost between $1 500 to $5 000 each. ‘If you look at the number of users, you’re talking about a lot of financial support to be able to acquire just the radios alone,’ he said.
By January 2012, authorities had completed the system of 118 towers. Most of the towers have nine to 12 repeaters, giving the digital network far greater capacity than the previous statewide analogue system.
Today, the network is used by all levels of government, including border control, US marshals, sheriffs’ offices, firefighters, city police, state police, emergency managers and FEMA, as well as organisations like the Red Cross.
Radios are programmed to allow for specific talk groups. This means when firefighters in one town know that medical help is coming from another town, they can communicate with the medical team directly, en route.
‘While each agency has their own talk groups, there’s a minimum number of talk groups that are required to be programmed in every radio, and that’s by design, to ensure you have the interoperability when you need it,’ Mr Mitchell said.
The repeaters can work on both 700MHz and 800MHz spectrums. Mr Mitchell said the advantage of using two spectrums was that it provided more capacity.
‘If you operate strictly in 700MHz there’s just a limited number of frequencies that you can use. There are not enough 700MHz frequencies to build that state-wide, with the capacity that we have,’ he said.
Most Australian emergency radios operate in the Region 3 (Asia Pacific) frequency in the 400MHz band. This is the equivalent of the USA 700MHz band, for narrowband communications, which is mostly voice communication over radio.
Louisiana authorities had been planning for a 700MHz system before Katrina hit, Mr Mitchell said. As soon as the life-saving recovery efforts were completed in New Orleans, the work to introduce this system began.
The Louisiana Wireless Information Network, known as LWIN, has already proven its worth.
‘We have statistics that show that during Hurricane Gustav (in 2008), which was our first major test, you had a 99.9 per cent chance of getting through on the first time,’ Mr Mitchell said.
It has also proved to be invaluable on a bigger scale. When the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill gushed oil for 87 days into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, LWIN was used to help establish voice communications for the United States Coast Guard – linking different systems across the Gulf Coast. Responders in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida were able to quickly establish a network of seamless communications as the world’s biggest oil spill lapped their shores.
By coincidence, the Gulf states had purchased the same hardware, Motorola P25. Although this was not essential in linking communications systems, Mr Mitchell said it did make it easier.
‘Because the technology was the same we were able to literally just plug in right away. We were able to have a much greater reach because the radios were all on the same vendor. Our radios that we have programmed here (in Louisiana) were programmed on the same master control site in Mississippi, so when we went to talk on Mississippi’s network it recognised our radios. We only limited it to certain radios. In order to be able to utilise that we built our own talk groups specifically for that system,’ he said.
Mr Mitchell led the work to establish GulfWIN and said it made a significant difference to the response to the spill. ‘For command and control it was very important,’ he said.
Responders in the field were able to stay in contact regardless of where they were on the bay. It also extended the reach of those working on the water, beyond the usual ‘line-of-sight’ scope of marine radios, Mr Mitchell said.
Another tool Louisiana contributed to the oil spill response was Virtual Louisiana – a geospatial information system, built on the same platform as Google Earth. Mr Mitchell was responsible for introducing this and the program provided an additional way for first responders to share information. About 4 500 people now use Virtual Louisiana and have to be approved to do so due to the sensitive nature of some of the information that is shared.
‘We used it extensively during the BP oil spill where we were providing hourly updates on oil sightings, bird sightings, animal sightings or issues with different booms (containment barriers) that were laid out.
‘We’ve used it quite a bit for other events. The great thing with it is, once we get information that’s geospatially related, we can take it and put it in Virtual Louisiana and we can share it with our community.
‘It’s a secure network, so we are able to put some sensitive information on there that we wouldn’t necessarily put into the public [arena] but we need our first responders to see,’ he said.
Mr Mitchell, a Lieutenant Colonel with the United States Army Reserves, was not in the USA when Katrina made landfall. He was commanding an infantry company in Bagdad. He spent one year in Iraq. From 2008-2012 he was Chairman of the Louisiana Statewide Interoperability Executive Council which is responsible for providing governance of the LWIN. Today he is Director of Research and Operations of the Stephenson Disaster Management Institute at Louisiana State University.
He also recently served as a member of the Federal Communications Commission’s Public Safety Advisory Committee for the Emergency Response Interoperability Committee, to help develop technical specifications for a nationwide broadband network for the USA, dedicated to first responders.
Dubbed FirstNet, the data network is yet to be built and is not designed to replace land mobile radios. The US Congress has committed more than $7 billion to the project.
Like Australia, the USA is working to improve emergency communications systems in two major ways. The first is by upgrading narrowband communication—mainly voice calls over radio. This is what Louisiana has done and what Australian states are working towards.
In both countries, radio voice communication continues to play a critical role in keeping public safety officers in touch, particularly in times when demand for availability is high and urgent. To add to that, both countries are aiming to give first responders access to mobile broadband data while they are working.
This technology would allow emergency services to, for example:
- Check live maps, building plans, fingerprint scans, biometric data and facial recognition.
- Access databases and records, including medical records.
- Access surveillance video and tactical video.
- Monitor vehicles.
- Monitor a patient’s vital signs.
In 2011, the Australian Government established a Public Sector Mobile Broadband Steering Committee to guide decisions about the broadband needs of emergency services.
In 2013, Federal Parliament’s Joint Committee on Law Enforcement released a report on its inquiry into Spectrum for public safety mobile broadband.22 It recommended the Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy issue a Ministerial Direction to the Australian Media and Communication Authority (ACMA) to allocate 20MHz of contiguous spectrum in the 700MHz band for a public safety mobile broadband network, and that the Government should secure priority access to an additional 10MHz of spectrum in the 700MHz band for public safety purposes.
This differed to the ACMA’s decision to allocate 10MHz of the 800MHz band, as well as 50MHz of spectrum in the 4.9GHz band. At the time of writing, the committee’s recommendations were still being considered.
The Attorney-General’s Department, in its submission to the inquiry, supported the call for public safety agencies to have mobile broadband capabilities.
Part of the debate around allocating spectrum to Australian emergency services has centred on how much of it first responders need to operate day-to-day and during a disaster, and whether enough spectrum should be allocated to cover a ‘rare contingency’, such as a terrorist attack on a major city.
The ACMA has argued this ‘rare contingency’ capability is unnecessary and that there are other ways to access spectrum when it is needed. Others have argued it should form part of the new allocation.
The spectrum is valuable. As Australia’s television networks switched from analogue to digital technology, some of the nation’s 700MHz band opened up. When it did, three companies, Optus Mobile, Telstra and TPG Internet, paid close to $2 billion for a piece of it, and of the 2.5GHz spectrum (which became available for different reasons).
Meanwhile, Australian states are working towards better narrowband systems that will allow emergency personnel to communicate directly among agencies and jurisdictions. Alongside this work, the ACMA has been re-planning the 400MHz band to relieve congestion and to provide a dedicated, harmonised government radio segment. In heavily congested areas, the ACMA intends to finalise transition to the new arrangements by the end of 2015, and by the end of 2018 elsewhere.
In September 2013, the Queensland Government announced an enhanced digital radio voice and narrowband data communications network for the state, worth $457 million.23 The Queensland Government plans to begin the project in Brisbane, the Gold Coast and Cairns and roll the network out across the rest of the state over time. It is to provide improved communications security and interoperability between public safety agencies and the G20 Leaders’ Summit in 2014 will be among its first tests.
Around the same time, the Victorian Government announced it would begin a trial of its Emergency Services Integrated Communications project.24 The project aims to allow Victorian emergency services organisations to communicate with each other on a common channel, from any device to any device.
The NSW Telco Authority recently reviewed the state’s mobile radio network infrastructure with a view to rationalising it and improving services. At the time of the review, there were 77 agencies operating either fixed or mobile radio infrastructure, 16 of which also used the shared Government Radio Network, according to the Telco Authority website.
Mr Mitchell said although the Louisiana Wireless Information Network was ‘finished’ in January 2012, it would never be completed. ‘We’re always continuing to work on improving it. If we can add coverage somewhere - changing one tower to a higher tower – we always try to improve the coverage,’ Mr Mitchell said.
The biggest challenge in establishing the network among its users was their agreement to become a part of it, he said. ‘Essentially, every fire department, every police department, every sheriff’s agency, they have their own radio system.
‘So, when you ask them to come to a statewide radio system, you’re basically asking them to give you trust that it’s going to be operational, that you’re going to meet their needs and you’re going to design it for what their particular issues are,’ he said.
Mr Mitchell said several factors helped in this regard. One was being able to guarantee in-building penetration for 95 per cent of users, another was the state’s decision to foot the operational bill and scrap user fees that agencies had previously been asked to pay to join the old analogue network. The old network had just 10 000 users – only 10 per cent were from local agencies such as city police or fire departments.
Developing relationships was critical to forming the network, he said. ‘We went from region to region to talk about what the benefits were. We have a very responsive staff. If anyone called – and even today when they have coverage issues – we always try to send technicians to those areas,’ Mr Mitchell said.
‘We’re not at 100 per cent of all of our first responders. We don’t have every agency on there. There are still some agencies that have their own capabilities and their own networks – although we do have ability to talk to those other networks. We just have to use different technology for that,’ he said.
In March 2013, Mr Mitchell spoke at The Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials Conference in Adelaide. He also visited Melbourne, where he spent some time with Victorian firefighters and with the Australian Institute of Emergency Management.
Image: Stephenson Disaster Management Institute
Euan Ferguson, CFA Chief Officer, Craig Lapsley, Fire Services Commissioner Victoria, James Esposito, New York City Fire Department, Brant Mitchell, Shane Wright Chief Officer, Metropolitan Fire & Emergency Services Board.
‘I can’t say enough about how well organised and equipped and knowledgeable that whole group is,’ he said.
‘The way they do their training is very similar to ours. Their issues are very similar to ours as well, it’s just different aspects of how we do things. Overall there are a lot of similarities.
‘Their hazard library was really interesting and the website that they have, with all the different hazards where you can go see frequency and type that has struck Australia, was a very nice tool.’
He said the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Australia and the USA on emergency management co-operation was very helpful. At the time of writing, Mr Mitchell was involved in competing for a maritime security grant. He said, if successful, this project was something he would like to involve Australia in. Having the MoU in place meant that the relationship to work together had already been established, he said.
Articles by Kate Lahey reflect the emergency management agreement of co-operation recently renewed between Australia (through Attorney-General’s Department, Emergency Management Australia division) and the United States of America (through the Federal Emergency Management Agency).
18Independent Panel Reviewing the Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Communications Networks Report and Recommendations to the Federal Communications Commission. At: http://transition.fcc.gov/pshs/docs/advisory/hkip/karrp.pdf, p 26.
19Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission Final Report. At: www.royalcommission.vic.gov.au/commission-reports/final-report.
20Queensland Floods Commission of Inquiry. At: www.floodcommission.qld.gov.au/publications/final%2Dreport.
21National Framework to Improve Government Radiocommunications Interoperability. At: www.em.gov.au/Documents/Nationa%20Framework%20to%20Improve%20Government%20Radiocommunications.pdf.
22Spectrum for public safety mobile broadband. At: www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Law_Enforcement/Completed_inquiries/2010-13/spectrummobilebroadband/index.
23Queensland Government media release. At: http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2013/9/2/wireless-network-gets-everybody-talking/.
24Victorian Government media release. At: www.premier.vic.gov.au/media-centre/media-releases/7831-australian-first-for-victorian-emergency-services.html.


The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing 2 kg. In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1990 to 2010, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 4.6 billion. More information at Wikipedia.
Mobile phones are no longer a luxury but a necessity in people’s lives. Chris Yates from Huddle Productions did video interviews with a variety of people at a Social Media Club of Dallas event. The event was sponsored by Verizon.


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OK - Have you tried to unplug TV and cable box power cords from wall outlet for 10 minutes to reset, replug back in and check?If not yet, can you try it now and reply back with the result?


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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Scopus||Web of Science®||Altmetric|
|Title:||Analysis on extended ant routing algorithms for network routing and management|
|Citation:||Journal of Supercomputing, 2003; 24(3):327-340|
|Publisher:||Kluwer Academic Publ|
|John Sum, Hong Shen, G. Young, Jie Wu and Chi-Sing Leung|
|Abstract:||Advances in mobile agent research have brought in a new method for network routing, ant routing. Recently, we have derived some preliminary results regarding the agent population growth property and the jumping behavior for an ant routing algorithm. The focus was on the expected number of agents in a node. In practice, the number of agents propagating on each network channel is also critical as the network channel bandwidth is limited. In this paper, we first propose two extended ant routing algorithms, and then provide an in-depth analysis on the population growth behavior of the propagating agents for these algorithms, both at nodes (hosts) and on edges (channels) of the network.|
|Keywords:||Internet; mobile agents; routing algorithms|
|Rights:||© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers|
|Appears in Collections:||Computer Science publications|
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Speech to text tools / Text to speech tools?
Speech to text is a speech recognition program that uses computational linguistics to recognize and translate spoken language into text. It’s also known as computer speech recognition or speech recognition software.
Audio streams can be transcribed in real-time by specific apps, tools, and devices to display text and act on it.
Let’s take a look at some frequently asked questions about Speech to Text.
What is the process of converting speech to text?
Speech to text software listens to audio and converts it into an editable, verbatim transcript that can be read on any device. Voice recognition is used by the program to accomplish this.
A computer application uses linguistic algorithms to separate audio signals from spoken words and convert them to text using Unicode characters.
Converting speech to text is accomplished by a multi-step machine learning process. Let’s look at how this works in more detail:
Lets Delve deeper.
When sounds are produced by someone’s mouth to form words, a series of vibrations are produced. An analog to digital converter picks up these vibrations and converts them into a digital language.
This is how speech to text technology works.
The analog-to-digital converter extracts sounds from an audio file, analyzes the waves in high detail, and filters them to isolate the pertinent sounds.
After then, the sounds are split into hundredths or thousandths of seconds and phonemes are matched.
Yes, I am an English teacher, bear with me. LOL.
The phonemes are then fed into a network and compared to well-known sentences, words, and phrases using a mathematical model.
The text is then given as text or as a computer-generated demand depending on the most likely version of the audio.
So what is Text to speech?
Pretty much the opposite, check it out here, it is an awesome tool that will save you a heap of time.
Here is an example.
What are some examples of speech-to-text applications?
Speech to text has quickly progressed from its humble beginnings on phones in homes to uses in marketing, finance, and medicine.
Speech recognition applications show how speech to text technology may improve the productivity of simple operations while also extending to duties that have traditionally been done by humans. Such as..
Media Content Search
Marketing is one of the first industries to use media content search to convert speech to text. Marketers may now get information about data trends and consumer behavior thanks to the development of voice-search.
Speech recognition, for example, can detect people’s accents and vocabularies, as well as age, location, and other essential data. Speaking is also a far more conversational search option, allowing marketers to incorporate more conversational elements into their campaigns.
What are the benefits of using speech to text?
Speech to text, like all kinds of technology, has a number of advantages that can help us better our everyday routines. The following are some of the most significant benefits of using speech to text:
Make the most of your time: By generating correct transcripts in real time, automatic speech recognition technology saves time.
Cost-effective: Most speech-to-text software requires a monthly subscription charge, with a few exceptions. The subscription fee, on the other hand, is significantly less expensive than using human transcription services.
Improve audio and video content: With speech to text capabilities, audio and video data may be converted in real time for subtitling and quick video transcription.
Streamline the customer experience: Natural language processing transforms the customer experience by making it easier, more accessible, and more seamless.
What are the drawbacks of using speech to text?
New technologies, such as speech to text, are not without flaws, and these are some of the speech to text’s key drawbacks.
It isn’t flawless: While dictation technology is a strong tool, it is still in its early stages, which means it has significant shortcomings. Because it only generates literal text, you may wind up with an erroneous or awkward transcript or quotations that are missing.
Human input is required: Because speech to text isn’t perfect, some human editing of the speech data is essential for maximum performance.
Clean recordings are required: To acquire a good transcript from speech recognition software, make sure the audio is clear and understandable.
This necessitates the absence of background noise, proper pronunciation, the absence of accents, and only one person speaking at a time.
For punctuation, you’ll also need to use voice instructions. For example, you will need to say full stop, or comma etc.
What to consider before selecting speech to text software?
Choosing the finest speech to text software can be difficult with so many alternatives. To evaluate the many speech to text software options and make the best decision for you, use the checklist below:
There should be no need for additional software because the most accessible speech to text software only requires an internet connection.
The level of accuracy should be assured – all speech to text systems provide a level of assurance. Some providers place a higher priority on transcription, ensuring more accuracy.
Multi-language support – If you require multi-language support, you must select a speech to text program that meets your language requirements
App compatibility – Some speech-to-text services can be integrated into apps, which is useful if you want to use the software on different platforms.
Using these technologies, whether we like it or not, will help us connect with both our customers and coworkers. Use them to build meaningful relationships and establish trust.
We need to stay on top of technological developments, as this allows us to better personalize our business. Yes, you may register for free.
Here is a speech to text tool.
And here is a text to speech tool.
Are you using any speech to text or text to speech software. What do you think of it, leave a comment below.
If you like this, check out my other Tech time saving tools ==>Here <==
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|Origin:||Made In China|
|Category:||Industrial Supplies / Tools / Electric Power Tools|
|Label:||Cable Roller , Manhole Cable Roller , cable laying roller|
|Min. Order:||20 unit|
Manhole Cable Roller For Pulling Cable Into Ducts
1.Manhole Cable Roller Introduction
Manhole Cable roller used for laying cables, wire rope etc. reducing friction, protecting cable, saving time and effort. Bearing roller materials can be steel, aluminum, or nylon. It can be designed with many kinds of appearance and structures according to usage.
The wheels can custom nylon and Aluminum wheel as your demands.
More types Can be customized according to customer requirements
2. Features of Manhole Cable Roller
3. Manhole Cable Roller Specification
|Length(mm)||Width(mm)||Height(mm)||Wheel width(mm)||Wheel diameter(mm)|
4. Application of ManhoCable Roller
Cable rollers should always be used when pulling cables. Straight cable runs are pulled in using straight cable rollers suitably placed in the cable trench to prevent the cable being dragged on the trench bottom or in mud.
Cable roller spacing is dependent on cable type being laid and the cable pulling tension along the route. Leading cable rollers are used to support the cable over the entire drum width immediately before being pulled into the trench.Cable laying applications with bends in the route require skid plates of a radius greater than the cables minimum dynamic bending radius.
If you have cable roller order demand, welcome to contact us!
Please contact: Daisy , You will get what you want!
|Payment Terms:||T/T, West Union. Paypal|
|Hebei Jinbang Trading Co., Ltd.|
|Country/Region:||He Bei - China|
|Contact:||Daisy (Sales Manager)|
|Last Online:||27 May, 2022|


An innovative water booster pump offering intelligent connectivity
Grundfos has launched the SCALA1, an all-in-one booster unit in Malaysia, an innovative water booster pump offering intelligent connectivity that allows control over your home water systems, right from your smartphone as homeowners increasingly look to digitalisation to make their living space easier, more comfortable and more efficient.
With 77.2% of Malaysians currently living in urban areas, and digitalisation becoming a prevalent part of everyday life, urban homeowners are increasingly attracted to smart homes, which are integrated with digital solutions capable of anticipating and meeting their needs. These solutions will also enable them to control their smart home ecosystems remotely from anywhere with an internet connection.
The new SCALA1 offers such easy, seamless connectivity. The latest addition to Grundfos’ SCALA range of fully integrated water booster pumps, SCALA1 is a compact all-in-one, easy-to-install solution that is designed for pressure boosting in domestic and light commercial applications, such as garden irrigation or pressure boosting in one- or two-family houses and apartments.
With busy homeowners in mind, SCALA1 comes with a built-in two-way communication system, allowing users to track their water system anytime when in range. The Bluetooth-enabled solution allows users to monitor, control, and schedule water use from their smartphone with intuitive Grundfos GO REMOTE app, which is available for both iOS and Android operating systems.
The Grundfos GO REMOTE app alerts the user via a series of alarms that indicate issues such as leakages, dry-run, or when a pump has exceeded its maximum runtime. Users can easily access pump diagnostics, create and email reports on-site from the app. The app also includes a calendar function designed for boosting in homes and gardens.


· It does not alter your home network settings in anyway so whatever worked (or didn’t work) before you set up the DDNS system will keep working (or not working) with the new DDNS address. You can do this for all connections except for a dial-up connection, and it&39;s as simple as connecting the modem to the router with a CAT5 cable. Home Wi-Fi service providers.
On my work&39;s wifi network, I get the "VZW Wifi" indication but at my home network, I don&39;t get it unless I&39;m on airplane mode. Make sure the network is a standard home network and does not require logging in from a web page, such as a guest network or business network. 11 standards today, basically the term "Wi-Fi" distinguishes wireless equipment from other network gear. On the pop-up, tap on the Forget Network Option. I recently bought a TP-Link Archer AX10 AX1500 wifi router. Apply to Customer Service Representative, Technical Support Representative, Senior Customer Service Representative and more!
It is also easier for new devices to join the network as they don’t need to locate a physical access point. Click the Advanced options entry below the last wireless network in the list. Wi-Fi Range Extender/Repeater. In order to this, you can: Right-click on the Windows icon in the lower left of the screen.
How can I get free WiFi at home? I cannot pick up any other wifi networks around my home either. Right click the wireless icon on your system tray, click "Open Network and Sharing Center".
All of these connections are hard-wired and will not produce a Wi-Fi signal unless you use a wireless router. Both my iPad and laptop work fine on the wifi here. · Go to Settings > Network and Internet. After deleting those items, search for wireless connection again. 9Gbps Two-in-one Cable Modem + WiFi Router AC1900 WiFi Cable Modem Router (C7000).
11: the name of the IEEE engineering trade group’s working group for wireless local area networks (WLANs). How to Setup A Secure Wireless Network 2. I need help troubleshooting my router it won&39;t work on Wifi but it will work wired and only wired. Creates or extends a wireless network and Connects Ethernet devices to the network. · If you can run an Ethernet cable from the router up to an attic, for example, then you can attach a second router or a wireless access point to the other end, creating a second Wi-Fi network just. · If you’re running Windows home wifi wireless not working on home network 10, search for “wifi troubleshooting,” and open the result, which should be Identify and Repair Network Issues. Extending a Home network. Mesh WiFi or Whole Home WiFi systems consists of a main router that connects directly to your modem, and a series of satellite modules, or nodes, placed around your house for full WiFi coverage.
I have tried resetting it and have tried many other solutions to no success. · You’ll need to get to the Network and Sharing Center. 11b in. Use the following steps to find your modem or router&39;s WiFi information. · 802. Looks Similar to the WAP (above) but has a DSL connection to connect to the Internet in addition to the Ethernet ports and Wireless Access point. You can update the driver manually or automatically (online). After forgetting WiFi Network, rejoin your WiFi Network by following the steps below.
See Understanding Internet speeds and speed testing. While many WiFi products seem similar on the surface, not all WiFi networks and products are the same. Now some of the causes of this problem are minor and some major but perhaps only one, the red “X” home wifi wireless not working on home network in your Windows network icon can be found on the laptop. You will see two options now. A typical wireless access point using 802. 11ac) and Wi-Fi 4 (802.
Streaming through this WiFi network (CISCO DPC3825) from the Internet to the TV works great (YouTube/Netflix etc. 11a came home wifi wireless not working on home network out at the same time, but. At both home and work, I&39;m getting about 2 bars on the Verizon network. You can get free Wi-Fi at home just by searching for a friend’s wireless connection or a free public Wi-Fi and connecting to it. Broadcast SSIDprevention 2. Enter the SSID in the Network Name box. If you can’t get online using your other devices, there might be a service outage.
· Move your wireless router If the bandwidth test you did shows dead spots in your home, try moving your wireless router. XXX:5900 (your home IP address, home wifi wireless not working on home network port 5900) you can now. Here is a very good article that explains ad-hoc and wi-fi directin more detail This Samsung support articles show how to connect wifi direct devices. The wireless network&39;s Properties will be. ) does that also need multicasting?
5: If its still not working replace it: If network adapter is damaged a lot or if its still not working properly then you should replace it as early as possible to continue your work. The Wireless router usually incorporates a Wireless access point,Ethernet switch, DSL modem and Router in a single box. With an Ad Hoc network nodes can communicate with each otherwithout an access point. WLANs began in earnest with 802.
Irrespective of whatever brand you have got, it should be suffixed by ‘Wireless Network Adapter’. This is achieved by securing the network. Make sure you note down the WiFi Network Password and follow the steps below to forget WiFi Network and rejoin the Network. How to setup your Home Router 3. · Work from home warriors or elite gamers demand speed from their WiFi routers, and the Asus ROG Rapture delivers just that. Right click your wireless network adapter, and click "Properties".
Verify the Internet connection is working by making sure a different device, like another computer, smartphone, or tablet, can connect to the Internet. 5GHz carrier frequency while the newer 802. Go to Settings > Network & Internet > select WiFi in the left-pane. From here, scroll down and click on Network and Sharing Center.
Tell your Internet company you would like a cable, DSL, broadband, or dial-up connection, depending on what it provides. On the WiFi screen, Tap and Hold on the WiFi Network that you are currently connected to (See image below). Most have several Ethernet ports. 4 and 5Ghz)are known as dual band,and are useful when transitioning from old wireless networks to the newer networks. If that doesn&39;t work, consider purchasing a second router and a set of powerline network adapters to extend your network.
11family of standards. · Without getting too technical, Wi-Fi 6 (also referred to as 802. How to find Wi-Fi settings in Windows 10? That will go through a series of diagnostics that may. Try connecting to a Wi-Fi network in a different location. Conventionalinfrastructure moderelies on a access point through which all nodes on the wireless network communicate.
re: home wifi wireless not working on home network wifi not working! It is connected to my modem. Right-click on the Network icon like you did in 3. If you can’t plug in. Plug your modem into your router, home wifi wireless not working on home network if you choose to use one. · Expand Network adapters and find your Wireless Network Adapter.
The best way to get there is to run some speed tests to get a good sense of any weak links. Turn on “Airplane Mode” and then turn on Wi-Fi home wifi wireless not working on home network and connect to the same Wi-Fi network the thermostat will be connected to. · If your wireless connection suddenly stops working, before trying anything else, restart your router. Sure, it might look like a techno-tarantula from a science-fiction fever dream, but gamers will appreciate Game Boost, a feature where the network prioritizes signal strength to Sony, Nintendo and Xbox gaming devices while. How can I access the Internet without WiFi?
Though you won’t come across standalone Wi-Fi to buy, all major internet providers offer Wi-Fi service. 11g networks use the 2. It is for these reasons that Wi-Fi is the main access mechanism, used in home and small office networks. 11nis now known as Wi-Fi 4. Click on the option to “Turn Wi-Fi On. They are all part of a single wireless network and share the same SSID and password, unlike traditional WiFi routers.
Wi-Fi standards are backwards compatible so that if you buy a device that uses the latest Wi-Fi standard it will work on networks that only support an older standard. Call your cable company or internet provider for help. · If you&39;re connected to a Wi-Fi network but you can’t get online, try to use your Wi-Fi network on other devices. Mac Address Restrictions 3. To connect devices to a secure in-home WiFi network, you need the WiFi name and password. Essentially it works the same ways as Bluetooth but is much faster and is designed to be used for the same type of applications.
Devices that support both frequencies (2. See more results. Ad Hoc Wi-Fi networks will become very important as mesh networkingevolves. 11g with a stock antenna might have a range of 32 m (120 ft) indoors and 95 m (300 ft) outdoors. Very rarely used as most small networks use Wireless Router provided by their ISP (Internet service Provider). However Wi-Fi is much slower than most wired Ethernet systems, but when the main use is Internet access then this makes no real difference as the Internet connection becomes the limiting factor. · How To Fix WiFi not working on Windows?
You can connect your laptop to the Internet without using Wi-Fi. Place in range of the existing Wireless network, and it will take the signal from the network and rebroadcast it, thus increasing the range of the network. With more and more people working from home because of the coronavirus pandemic, your WiFi network has probably been put to the test, forced suddenly to deal with more devices and internet traffic. Wi-Fi direct allows you to connect two Wi_Fi equipped devices together without requiring an access point.
· If you can connect to your Wi-Fi device, but your Internet is not working, the issue may be your Internet service and not your computer. If you used to connect to your home music server while you were at work by visiting XXX. Both the modem and the router act as dhcp servers but on different subnets, so the modem (192.
More people working from home, however, means an increased demand on reliable home WiFi, on top of the already rising number of connected devices from the kitchen to the garage. For your issue with connecting your laptop via home Wi-Fi, we would suggest you to delete all the wireless networks detected by your laptop. In Ip config, it says "Media Disconnected" when it went down I was playing rainbow six siege and I randomly disconnected and. In the next dialog box, select “obtain an IP address automatically” and “obtain DNS server address automatically” This should resolve the WiFi connected but no Internet error. Find "Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)", click it, and then click "Properties. AC1900 WiFi Cable Modem Router for XFINITY ® Internet & Voice (C7100V) Nighthawk ® DOCSIS ® 3.
How to get the Internet on my laptop without Wi-Fi? On the top right of the screen, click "Change adapter settings". 265 Wifi Wireless Home jobs available on Indeed. On a Mac, look for the Wi-Fi (AirPort) card in home wifi wireless not working on home network the top right corner of your screen (next to the sound and battery icons in your menu). If you have a Panoramic Wifi Gateway, then use the Panoramic Wifi app or web portal at wifi. In the Wi-Fi alliance introduced a simpler naming scheme and 802. Click home wifi wireless not working on home network on Network Go to Network Connections.
Wireless networks are generally cheaper,quicker and easier to set up than wired networks as there are no cables to run. Wi-Fi is not a home wifi wireless not working on home network separate service from your internet provider, but rather a wireless means to connect your devices. By the way, other posts elsewhere criticize the wireless performance of this modem. Wireless Access Point-. Choose Wi-Fi from the left menu. There are three common techniques available, which can be used either independently of each other, or together. But because all mainstream wireless home network gear uses the 802.
· Technically speaking, Wi-Fi signifies conformance to the 802. · On a Windows computer, check your network adapter by selecting it on the Network Connections Control Panel. In addition newer devices will also display this number along with the sign. 11 family of wireless communication standards. See full list on stevessmarthomeguide.
A letter is added to the end to indicate the version so we have -802. The problem was manageable, and my wifi would only sometimes drop out on my phone until today when it finally decided to drop out all of the way. 4 people found this reply helpful. · Wi-Fi signals radiate out from the router, so placing the router in the center of your home is your best bet, provided you can relocate the router and cable modem together. It’s not at all unusual for a Wi-Fi router to be stuck in the corner of a. Users can home wifi wireless not working on home network find these details in two steps: Click Start, Settings, Network & Internet, and then select the Wi-Fi entry on the left list.
I will give you 6 Solutions to enable WiFi. Here is a videofrom the Wi-Fi Alliance that explains how it works. Cause: Another cause for slowdowns is a lack of bandwidth. I have an iPhone 6S that would do Wifi calling from home when I was on AT&T. Select “Open Network & Internet. com to see your WiFi network name (SSID) and password. All in all, the best route to accessing free Wi-Fi at home is to permissively use a friend’s wireless connection.
254) only allocates 192. In this article, I will show you various ways to solve the problem of WiFi not working in Windows 10. I can only get wifi within 10 ft of the router in my own home.
11ax) can transmit wireless signals more efficiently than past generations, such as Wi-Fi 5 (802. SeePowerline Networks Related Tutorials and Useful Resources: 1. It is common for many home networks and business networks to only allow their own authorized devices to use their wireless network. · Choose your network, right-click on it, and select “properties” Select Internet protocol 4 (IPv4) and click on the “properties” button below it. Then select Manage Known Networks > Add a New Network. · For example modem and wire attached to it ( if you have wired connection ), check router too ( if you are using wireless network ). Modern ones plug directly into a mains socket and require no other connections. Make sure the Wireless connection option is enabled.
In the right-pane, scroll down and click on Manage Known Networks. Use a second CAT5 cable to connect your computer to the router. If you&39;re going to make changes to your home network, then you&39;ll want to do so from an informed position. 1 to the wan port of the router. 11n, however, can exceed that range by more than two times (Wikipedea on wi-fi). Right-click on the network adapter and click on the ‘Update drivers’ option. On the next screen, select Your WiFi Network and click on Forget. In addition a node can only be connected to one access point at a time.
· For most home networks the Wireless Router or Hub which connects the network to the Internet will be the main component of the home or small office network, and in many cases the only component. We are waiting for your feedback. 11n networks use the5GHzfrequency. Wi-Fi uses theIEEE 802.
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