This is a part of the Server Basics -series where I explain basic server concepts, tools, services and other things that might be of interest to or be needed by people across the galaxy.
This was meant to be published after all the more basic stuff but I realized I can't explain practically anything if the reader doesn't know how TCP/IP works.
TCP/IP is something you see everywhere - it's practically the backbone of internet communications. The acronym stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol and is actually referring to two different protocols which are both used together to make the internet thingie work. In this post I'll mostly talk about the IP part and how that affects the average geek's life - knowing how TCP works isn't very crucial for basic server operations.
- TCP is the protocol that conveys the actual message (any sort of information) and makes sure it gets delivered.
- IP is the protocol that makes sure the message finds its way to the destination.
You can think of TCP as a messenger and IP as the navigator - they both need each other to achieve anything practical.
The internet works by routing requests and responses between different devices using IP addresses. Your usual IP address consists of four numerical values between 0 - 255 separated by dots (e.g. 220.127.116.11) which means there are 256^4 -> ~4,3 billion different addresses. The actual number of unique addresses is lower since a portion of them are considered private addresses - those are not unique to the world but used in local networks and other special cases.
- 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 is the most common private address block containing roughly 65 thousand addresses. It's very common for consumer routers to have 192.168.1.1 as their default address.
- 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 in another private address block containing roughly one million addresses.
- 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 is the third and biggest private address block, containing almost 17 million addresses.
Other reserved addresses contain link-local addresses and loopback addresses.
- 127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 are loopback addresses - hosts (=devices) use these addresses to talk to themselves. Most common you'll be seeing is 127.0.0.1 - the default localhost address in linux systems.
- 169.254.1.0 - 169.254.254.255 are link-local addresses i.e. addresses hosts allocate to themselves if they cannot obtain IP address from the network by DHCP (see below).
Any of the addresses above are not globally unique - they're used in millions of private networks across the world. There are also other less common reserved addresses but they're usually not much of a concern.
Techically the four parts in an IP address are called octets, since they're actually segments of 8-bit binary integers, and 255 is the largest value you can express with 8 bits.
Subnets, masks and CIDR
The infrastructure of internet is not centrally governed to start with - it consists of a vast number of different sized networks which are connected to each other. The administrators of these Wide Area Networks (WAN's) are given control of a portion of the global IP address space which they can route on their own. Please note that WAN is used in broad context here as there are separate names for networks of different sizes (WAN being the largest).
Historically the IPv4 address space was divided into five classes: A, B, C, D & E - although only classes from A to C are actually meaningful. Classes can be easily explained with examples from the 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 private address space:
- A class network is the whole address space, e.g. 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 = 16,7M addresses
- B class network is a 255th of a full A class network, e.g. 10.22.0.0 - 10.22.255.255 = 65k addresses
- C class network is 255th of a B class network, e.g. 10.22.33.0 - 10.22.33.255 = 256 addresses
Quite obviously, these are called classful networks. But since this kind of segmenting isn't very flexible, wise old nerds have also come up with a way to divide the address space into any number of subnets. This is called Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).
In CIDR notation addresses contain a trailing number separated by a slash (e.g. /16). This trailing number (from 1 to 32 - 0 is a special case) expresses the size of the network but does it inversely. This is because protocol-wise the number represents the bits that are already used from the network address space. IPv4 is a 32-bit protocol and therefore CIDR notation number can't be higher than 32. If an IP address has /32 CIDR postfix, it means the network is no larger than the host itself - e.g. address 10.20.30.40/32 means nothing more than device at 10.20.30.40.
But every time the CIDR postfix gets smaller, the size of the network it points to, doubles because that's how binary works. For example:
- 10.22.33.0/31 points to address range 10.22.33.0 - 1 --> 2 addresses
- 10.22.33.0/30 points to address range 10.22.33.0 - 3 --> 4 addresses
- 10.22.33.0/29 points to address range 10.22.33.0 - 7 --> 8 addresses
- 10.22.33.0/28 points to address range 10.22.33.0 - 15 --> 16 addresses
- 10.22.33.0/27 points to address range 10.22.33.0 - 31 --> 32 addresses
- 10.22.33.0/26 points to address range 10.22.33.0 - 63 --> 64 addresses
- 10.22.33.0/25 points to address range 10.22.33.0 - 127 --> 128 addresses
The /24 CIDR postfix is good to remember since it points to 256 addresses - a whole class C subnet which is commonly used in home networking.
There's also a concept called subnet mask, which is practically just another way to represent the network size. Most common subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 which represents a /24 CIDR network but in a different way. The three 255-parts tell that these bits are already used, but the zero in last segment tells that there are 256 (0-255) unused addresses. Numerical subnet masks are often used in consumer devices, whereas in professional grade hardware you can also use CIDR notation.
Routers, address distribution and DHCP
IP addresses are managed by devices called routers which (as expected) route the TCP packets carrying raw data through the web. As routers direct the traffic by using IP addresses, they're not that much different from any other devices connected to a certain network. As with (m)any other case(s) in service networking, routers listen to a certain address (sometimes an address range) and therefore hear the traffic presented to them. Routers also have an address range where they expect the client devices to reside.
But if you as a client want to communicate with a router, you'll either need to know in what address that router resides or the router must advertise its presence. For this purpose there's a protocol named Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) which enables hosts to distribute and clients to obtain IP addresses from routers. Basically the host devices define one or several ranges of IP's they're providing to clients and any client connected to them can request an address for communication.
Global and private networks & NAT
Because of the limited number of IP addresses (four billion is not very much in sense of the internet) wise old nerds have come up with the technique called Network Address Translation (NAT). Address translation is a method to connect private networks to public networks using only a single public (=globally unique) IP address.
As I stated above, there are 18+ million IP addresses reserved for private use. These private IP's are addresses anyone can use to build their own little (or big) network and connect it to internet - provided they have at least one globally unique address to route the traffic through.
A typical home network consists of a modem-router-switch-wireless access point -thingie (i.e. a multipurpose device which does practically everything a typical consumer would need) which is connected to the internet and has one global unique IP address. This consumer router does the address translation mentioned above and has a simple DHCP server to provide private addresses to the devices in the local private network.
Simple network structure
In a typical (home) network scenario the router-thingie receives one globally unique IP address from the internet and uses it to communicate with the ISP's (Internet Service Provider) infrastructure. The router then creates a small private network to allocate IP addresses to client devices connecting to it - very usually the whole last segment xxx.xxx.xxx.0-255 (.0/24 in CIDR notation).
The router reserves three of the addresses for itself:
- the first address (.0) to distinguish the network itself
- the second address (.1) for itself - it's the one that client devices will see
- the last address (.255) as broadcast address
One of the most common default setups is the router using the address 192.168.1.1 for itself and allocating IP's for clients from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254 - meaning you can technically have up to 253 different devices on your home network. When you connect your computer / phone / console / fridge / pet / whatever to your home network, the router will allocate it an own IP address from the private address range it's configured to use - using the same DHCP protocol stated earlier.
Default gateway, routing process & address translation
Whenever a client (or router) tries to communicate with another, it can either look for the target from its own list of known addresses, or it can query the address from network via default gateway. Default gateway is literally the device's gateway to other networks eg. the internet - if the client doesn't know where the target address is, it can pass the request to next device in the network. If the target exists in the network, the route to its location will eventually be returned to the client. If the network is configured by DHCP, the hosting router works as the default gateway for all its clients.
Devices can have only one default gateway since it's the last option where to query the target host - that's why it's called default. Connections to multiple networks are possible (and common) using static routes, but that topic is beyond the scope of this article.
If the communication request originates from within a private network, the router that's connected to public internet (in most home cases the only one) translates the IP address from private to public before it's passed on. This is needed for the reply to actually find its way back - there are countless private networks which all share the ~18 million private address space. If a request originating from a private network would have its private address as "reply-to" -address, the devices in public networks would have no idea where it actually is. This is why routers doing the address translation store the private address where request originally comes from and send the query using with their own (public) IP address. If the request is replied, address is translated back to private and sent to originating device in private network.
The exact mechanism how the router recognizes what incoming packets should be forwarded to internal network is part of TCP protocol, which is a subject for its own article.
Examples in a small home network
Now that we know the fundamentals of networking, let's see how routing process actually works. Let's assume we have network with two client devices and one router which connects them. The client A has address 192.168.1.10, client B has address 192.168.1.20 and the router C has the presumable 192.168.1.1 address. In our example the clients know only their own address and the router address. In this example the router act as the default gateway for both clients (as this is a common setup) and is connected to internet.
Client A (192.168.1.10) wants to communicate with client B (192.168.1.20)
- As A itself doesn't know where B is located, it sends a query to its default gateway (in this case the router C)
- The router knows where B is located (or more specifically it knows the exact route to it) and therefore routes the request towards B
- B replies to the request and a TCP connection is established
Client A (192.168.1.10) wants to communicate with internet server D (e.g. 18.104.22.168)
- Again, A doesn't know any other hosts except for its gateway so it passes the request to C
- As D is located outside the local (192.168.1.*) network, the router has no idea where that specific address is located. Therefore C passes the request to its default gateway, which is (usually) an industrial router operated by the internet service provider.
- The request is passed through internet from router to another until the queried host is found. An error is returned if the host is not found.
What about IPv6?
All the examples in this article have been using IPv4 - Internet Protocol version 4. IPv6 - meaning Internet Protocol version 6 is the next upcoming version of Internet Protocol. IPv6 was invented back in 20th century to combat the fact that 4,3 billion IP addresses are not enough to effectively sustain the internet ecosystem.
IPv6 addresses consist of eight (8) segments which are made of 4-digit hexadecimal numbers (meaning range of 0-65535). This means there are 340 sextillion/undecillion (340 x 10 ^ 36 i.e. 340 followed by 36 zeros) possible addresses. IPv6 is not interoperable with IPv4 which has slowed its progress but IPv6 is already used in conjuntion with IPv4 - for example many mobile networks assign an IPv6 address to clients and prioritize traffic over that.
Due to its (still) special status, IPv6 is also subject for a separate article later on.


Powermat plans to release an upgrade to its wireless charging technology in January that will enable 15-watt power transfers through a 1.5-in. thick solid surface and provide support for new Apple iPhones and other Qi-enabled devices.
The wireless charging company also plans to release an under-tabletop product that allows users to simply place enabled mobile devices atop a desk, for example, to begin receiving a charge.
By moving from 5 watts to 15 watts with the upcoming software upgrade, Powermat chargers will transfer power to a mobile device at the same rate as a traditional charging cable, according to Powermat CTO Itay Sherman.
from Computerworld News https://www.computerworld.com/article/3242154/mobile-wireless/powermat-to-upgrade-to-15w-wireless-charging-support-apples-new-iphones.html#tk.rss_news
from Tumblr http://2375823.tumblr.com/post/168515343938


Dubai: FREE ‘High-Speed’ Internet to Shoppers and Visitors
Prepared By: Benoi Nair
Image: Ali Mohamed Alnuaimi
Union Coop provides free Internet service to shoppers and visitors in 15 branches and Commercial Centers in Dubai
Union Coop, the largest consumer cooperative in the UAE, announced that it has officially provided, in 15 of its branches, commercial centers and outlets in Dubai, the Free Internet “Wi-Fi” service to all its clientele, including shoppers, customers and visitors, as part of its smart initiatives to delight its customers.
In detail, Mr. Aiman Othman, IT Director, Union Coop said: Union Coop is keen to provide smart services to all its customers in line with the developments taking place at the domestic and international levels, as it has added a new service to its group of smart services that is free Internet. Initially, the service was released in selective branches and commercial centers and in the Mirdif Parkway investment project as well, upon completion.
He added that the free Wi-Fi service is now available in most of the primary Union Coop’s Commercial centers and branches, as this service will provide a smooth, reliable and secure connection for using and browsing the Internet, checking e-mails, and using social media applications for shoppers and visitors free of charge, at high speeds, in addition to the user’s ability to benefit from the electronic services available online during his shopping, thereby offering him/her a unique and smart shopping experience.
In addition, he indicated that the free internet service is characterized by the ease of registering for the first time, as the shopper or user can self-register through the mobile phone within a few seconds to enjoy the high-speed internet service, which allows the use of a secure network without any restrictions within the framework available from service providers.


We see so many standing desks left in the sitting position. There are millions of sit/stand desks in the world, and almost none of them are being used to their full potential! That's a shame, and it's robbing people of the health benefits these desks were created for in the first place.
That's why we created Tempo, and why it's important to make it as universally compatible as possible.
Many Handset Interfaces
People have been asking how Tempo can be compatible with so many desks. While it is true that there are many desk “brands”, there are fewer actual manufacturers of desks, because manufacturers often sell their desks under multiple brand names. Even so, there are multiple manufacturers of desks, each with a different interface between the control box (power electronics that drive the motors) and the handset (Tempo or other controller with a user interface). The short answer is we provide adapters to do any necessary electrical changes and to indicate to Tempo which communication method to use. Here’s a bit about how that works.
For now, Tempo only supports desks with a two-piece control box/handset configuration, not desks that have both in one piece. On all desks that have the two-piece configuration, the interfaces between the control box and the handset have some things in common:
- Power to the handset
- A serial data signal to tell the handset the current height
- Some way for the handset to tell the control box to change the desk height (typically either a serial data signal or dedicated wires directly from the buttons)
The details of how these are implemented varies between desks, so we determine the following and make the necessary adjustments:
- Power supply voltage and current supplied vs. what Tempo requires
- Signal levels (voltage level for digital “high” vs. “low” signals)
- Connector pin assignments
- Serial protocol and data rate
- Serial vs. dedicated button signals to the desk
The first 3 bullets are handled by the adapter, and the last two are handled by firmware in Tempo. For Tempo’s firmware to know which communication methods to use, we have two signal wires on the cable between the adapter and Tempo to indicate which adapter is connected.
In Tempo’s object-oriented firmware, there are separate pieces of code (child classes) for each type of desk that hide the details of each desk from the rest of the code (i.e., they inherit from a parent ‘desk’ class). Based on which adapter is connected, we just use (instantiate) the corresponding piece of code (child).
Determining exactly what each adapter and desk-specific piece of firmware need to do involves figuring out all the intricacies of each new type of desk. In each case, we connect the handset supplied with the desk, and with our oscilloscope attached, we push buttons on the handset to control the desk. We take measurements to determine the signal levels, pin assignments, and serial standards used. Then we dig into the serial data details to catalog the communication between the handset and the control box in every conceivable situation. We test every feature in the desk’s user manual and anything else we can think of that the user might do, including all known error cases.
Once we understand the desk, we next decide how to map what Tempo needs to do into things the desk knows how to do. For example, consider a user who sets a min or max height in Tempo’s menus. For desks that have this feature built in natively, we forward the user’s request to the desk. For desks that don’t have this feature built in, we enforce min and max heights by monitoring the height ourselves with firmware in the handset.
So, we buy a desk from each manufacturer, and repeat the above process. We often don’t know all the names that desks are sold as, which is where you, as users, can help us build a complete brand and model compatibility list by sending us pictures to confirm that the electronics are types that we support.


Ufone 3G/4G Internet Packages comprehensive app designed for those who want to check & subscribes Ufone 3G Internet Packages without remembering lengthy USSD codes.
Ufone customers are primary users of 3G Packages app while other telecom customers are secondary users, so they can check Ufone offerings and compare with own operator's packages.
The app is designed in accordance to Ufone customers, Prepaid / Postpaid with following Ufone 3G Internet Speed
Up to 256 Kbps
Up to 1 Mbps
Up to 3Mbps
All packages are updated.
Ufone 3G Packages is a free software application from the System Maintenance subcategory, part of the System Utilities category.
The app is currently available in English and it was last updated on 2014-06-28. The program can be installed on Android.
Ufone 3G Packages (version 1.1) is available for download from our website.
Just click the green Download button above to start. Until now the program was downloaded 1 times.
We already checked that the download link to be safe, however for your own protection we recommend that you scan the downloaded software with your antivirus.


Searching for details:
The author of this page will appreciate comments, corrections and imagery related to the subject. Please contact Anatoly Zak.
According to one Russian source, the Garpun (Harpoon)(GUKOS index: 14F136) spacecraft would relay information from military reconnaissance satellites in the low Earth orbit to ground control stations. (383) The spacecraft, developed at ISS Reshetnev in Zheleznogorsk, could be a replacement for the previous-generation Geyzer (Potok) satellites for the nation's Command and Relay System, GKKRS.
Garpun would enable the transmission of strategically important information to the military and other security organizations in near-real time, even when the spacecraft gathering data was out of direct contact with ground control. Such new-generation Russian military satellites as Pion, Lotos for electronic intelligence and the ill-fated Legenda opitical reconaissance satellite could take advantage of Garpun's capabilities. Since they were all developed in roughly the same timeframe, these satellites could be equipped with specialised antennas designed to track Garpun in the geostationary orbit, as its host spacecraft was circling the Earth far below.
Theoretically, with a network of three Garpun satellites spread over the Equator, low-orbiting satellites could maintain uniterrputed communications with ground control. According to one scenario, the low-orbital Russian spacecraft could gather intelligence data over North America while being out of range of ground stations on the Russian territory, however still be able to downlink information and receive commands via Garpun satellites.
In January 2008, General Vladimir Popovkin, then the commander of Russian space forces, promised the launch of this satellite at the beginning of 2009. The mission was later delayed from Sept. 15, 2011. In the first half of September 2011, the launch was scheduled for Sept. 18, however by Sept. 15, the mission slipped to Sept. 21.
A month after leaving a communications satellite in a wrong orbit, the Proton rocket lifted off again delivering a military payload. The launch of the Proton-M rocket with the Briz-M upper stage took place as scheduled on Wednesday, Sept. 21, 2011, at 02:47:00 Moscow Summer Time (18:47 EDT on Tuesday) from Pad 24 at Site 81 in Baikonur Cosmodrome.
Only few minutes after the liftoff, the official RIA Novosti news agency released a statement from a Ministry of Defense spokesman confirming the successful launch and saying that at 02:52 Moscow time the Titov military ground control center started tracking the mission.
According to the official statements, the rocket was carrying a military payload, which was believed to be the Garpun new-generation military data-relay satellite, bound to the geostationary orbit 36,000 kilometers above the Equator.
The launch vehicle was expected to follow a standard ascent trajectory to release the upper stage with its payload at 02:57 Moscow Time, followed by firings of the Briz-M and the separation of the satellite at 11:48 Moscow Time, Russian space agency said.
The Western radar did find the spacecraft/upper stage stack in the 404 by 35,586-kilometer orbit with the inclination 48.6 degrees toward the Equator, apparently in-route to its operational position.
Several hours after the launch, the official Russian media confirmed that the satellite, designated Kosmos-2473, had reached its planned orbit. It was the fourth mission of the Proton rocket in 2011.
Within 24 hours after the liftoff of Kosmos-2473, ISS Reshetnev development center in Zheleznogorsk declared the launch a success and confirmed that the company had developed and built the spacecraft.
Page author: Anatoly Zak; Last update: March 20, 2015
All rights reserved
An unconfirmed design of the Garpun satellite. (383) The drawing might not be accurate, as data relay satellites typically feature large communications antennas, as for example, the American Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, TDRS, below:
A Proton-M/Briz-M rocket with the Kosmos-2473 (Garpun) data relay satellite lifts off in the early hours of Sept. 21, 2011. Credit: Roskosmos


Engineered for Hi-Res Audio
Hi-Res Audio contains more information and therefore more of the recording’s atmosphere, allowing you to hear and feel things you miss with other formats. The NS-6170 is built from the ground up to preserve the fidelity of DSD 11.2 MHz and 192/24 Hi-Res Audio formats so you get a complete sonic picture.
Wideband DIDRC Filter
DIDRC (Dynamic Intermodulation Distortion Reduction Circuitry) Filter replaces standard DAC output filters. Hi-Res Audio covers a much wider frequency band than CDs, and conventional filters can’t erase noise that falls outside that spectrum. This interference alters the harmonic character of audible sound. Wideband DIDRC Filter erases ultra-high frequency distortion for unparalleled fidelity.
Connect and Play HDD Audio via USB
Connect mass-storage-class HDDs via front or rear USB inputs and put your entire digital music collection at your fingertips. Use the new Onkyo Controller app to browse, select, and play albums from HDD quickly and easily. Note: HDD must be formatted to FAT32.
Chromecast built-in* for Mobiles and PCs
Chromecast built-in lets you cast audio from your mobile or laptop to the NS-6170. Control playback via familiar apps for iPhone, iPad, and Android™ devices as well as Mac, Windows®, and Chromebook™ computers.
* Enabled with a firmware update.
Stream Audio with AirPlay
Send app-based audio from Apple laptops, PCs, and iOS mobile devices to the Network Audio Player over AirPlay in moments.
Selectable Dual-band Wi-Fi®
Connected homes mean more network traffic. Dual-band 5 GHz/2.4 GHz Wi-Fi lets you select an uncongested channel for smooth and stable wireless streaming.
Any Music You Want, When You Want It
TIDAL, Deezer, and TuneIn streaming and internet radio services are conveniently accessible using the Onkyo Controller app or remote controller. This Network Audio Player also supports direct streaming from the Spotify Connect application.
Separate Power Supply Paths for Stereo Precision
The NS-6170 features a twin monaural layout for L/R channels with separate power supply paths, upgraded transformer, and extra-large audio capacitors for left and right DACs. This dual design enhances power stability and precision for extremely accurate stereo playback, adding authenticity and emotion to the musical experience.
Dual-Differential DAC Configuration
Flagship AK4490 768 kHz/32-bit DACs for L/R channels decode the positive and negative halves of the signal waveform separately. As well as improving voltage stability and dropping the noise floor, dual- differential DAC configuration increases bandwidth and pulls every detail from Hi-Res Audio.
Intuitive Control with Onkyo Controller app
Control playback from anywhere within Wi-Fi range, select and stream music from onboard services, and explore music on connected HDDs with a new, user-focused remote control application for iOS (Requires iOS 8.4 or later) and Android (Requires Android 4.0.3 or later).
FlareConnect™ Wireless Multi-room Audio
FlareConnect* shares audio from network and external audio input sources between compatible components. Enjoy effortless multi-room playback of LP records, CDs, network music services, and more with supported components and speaker systems. Music selection, speaker grouping, and playback management across the home are built into the
For more specifications, see the datasheet in the downloads tab.
- AC Inlet Cable
- Instruction manual
- Remote controller
- AAA (R03) batteries x2
- Indoor DAB/FM antenna
Use Spotify (with Facebook login) with your Onkyo system
To use Spotify with any of these devices you need to login with your Spotify username and password.
If you registered to Spotify using your Facebook login, you will need to retrieve a Spotify device username/password - you cannot use your Facebook login details on your Onkyo receiver.
You can retrieve your Spotify username / create your device password here
Once you have your Spotify username and your new password, please login to Spotify on your audio system with your new details. Note that you need a Premium subscription to use any of these devices with Spotify.
Problems after firmware update
In case you encounter problems after a firmware update of your AV receiver, e.g.
- AV receiver hangs/freezes
- blue screen displayed instead of video signal
- no/limited access to networking features (incl Onkyo Remote App)
- other features that are no longer functional
then please reset your A/V receiver to factory defaults and repeat the firmware update again.
To reset the AV receiver to its factory defaults, turn it on and, while holding down VCR/DVR, press ON/STANDBY. “Clear” will appear on the display and the AV receiver will enter standby mode.
Note that resetting the AV receiver will delete your radio presets and custom settings (incl network configuration).
If the problem persists, please contact the Onkyo Customercare.


As more individuals become owners of smartphones, an increasing number mobile messages are being sent every day. Cell phones with texting and internet capabilities are changing the way people interact with the world.
Stay In Touch With Text Messages
One reason for the popularity of mobile messages is that sending a text from your phone does not disrupt your activities in the same way a phone call does. You can send a text message while you are in line at the bank, or in the waiting room at your dentist’s office. You might not be allowed to make a phone call while in these situations, or you might just not want to disturb other customers in a line. Mobile messages are perfect for situations where making a phone call would be inappropriate.
Mobile Messaging Is Perfect For Busy People
Mobile messages are also great for busy individuals. If a person needs information but does not want to chat, a text message is the ideal solution. Some people worry that text messaging will replace phone calls, and that text messaging makes people less likely to share a meaningful conversation with another human being. These are valid reasons to keep making phone calls to friends and family. As long as text messaging is not used for all communication with other people, mobile messages can be easy ways to get information, confirm plans, or just to say hello. The occasional long afternoon phone call with a parent or close friend will still remain part of most people’s lives. Mobile messages cannot replace the sound of a loved one’s voice.
Give Yourself An Occasional Break
Mobile messaging makes it easier than ever to stay in touch, but many individuals have reported increased stress levels because they feel like they need to immediately respond to every message they receive. Turn off your phone occasionally and give yourself a break if you ever feel stressed. Your smartphone will still be there when you get back.
M-Commerce And Buying On The Go
Texting is not the only way that smartphones are being used by today’s technologically savvy individuals. Now there are many m-commerce apps available for mobile phones. These apps let users purchase products and services directly from their cell phones. This makes impulse purchases easier than ever. Customers can even order pizza using their smartphone and m-commerce applications. Business owners should strongly consider investing in m-commerce applications if they want to take advantage of this new consumer trend. Business owners should also make sure that their website displays properly on a mobile phone. You never know when a customer wants to make a purchase.
Steven Farrell is the administrator of ReversePhoneLookup.org, a site where you can perform a reverse lookup for as little as $1.


Technology has been one of the far-most and most tremendous advancements of modernization. It has completely changed how we communicate with others in every aspect of our daily lives, from personal to professional. This has allowed us to communicate faster, with more effectiveness and convenience. However, it is a fact that businesses must understand the requirements to adapt to the latest technology for better communication since it is the legend for any business to be successful.
In this article, we will explore significant ways technology has revolutionized internal business communication, which makes it more efficient, accessible, and dynamic.
Ways Technology Affects Internal Business Communications
Technology has played a pivotal role in transforming the way businesses communicate internally. From streamlining processes to fostering collaboration among team members, technology has reshaped the workplace dynamics. When leaders proactively communicate with their team members, employees can efficiently accomplish tasks aligned with specific objectives. This clarity of purpose enables them to enhance their performance, swiftly achieving the desired outcomes. Below, we mentioned these ways technology changes to communicate internally in business:
Real-Time Collaboration Tools
Technology’s most profound impact on internal communication has been the widespread adoption of real-time collaboration tools. Platforms like Zoom, Slack, and Microsoft Teams have become essential in how to exchange ideas, teams communicate and cooperate on projects. These tools offer instant messaging, file sharing, video conferencing, and screen sharing capabilities to effectively erase geographical and time zone boundaries. Real-time collaboration tools boost productivity by facilitating swift discussions, brainstorming sessions, and decision-making processes. They provide a digital environment for teams to distribute documents and information that eliminates the need for lengthy email threads and ensuring everyone remains aligned.
Cloud-Based Document Sharing
The cloud has revolutionized the way businesses store and share documents internally. Services like Google Drive, Dropbox, and Microsoft OneDrive have enabled employees to access and collaborate on documents from anywhere with an internet connection. This level of accessibility has drastically reduced the reliance on physical documents and on-premises servers. Cloud-based document sharing offers several advantages, including version control, real-time editing, and access to files on multiple devices. This streamlines internal communication and enhances data security by providing robust backup and access control features.
While email continues to be a fundamental component of business communication, technology has ushered in transformative changes in its utilization and integration within workflows. Implementing automated email sorting, filtering, and categorization has simplified inbox management for employees, effectively reducing the burden of information overload. Furthermore, the seamless integration of email with various tools, like project management software and customer relationship management (CRM) systems, has enhanced the fluidity of information exchange within organizations. The proliferation of mobile email applications and push notifications enables employees to stay connected and promptly respond to critical messages, even when away from their workstations. This advancement has notably accelerated the pace of communication and decision-making processes.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and chatbots are increasingly deployed to enhance internal communication. AI-powered chatbots can handle routine inquiries, automate administrative tasks, and provide employees with instant information access. For example, HR chatbots can assist employees with benefits inquiries, while IT chatbots can help with technical support issues. These chatbots improve efficiency and free up human resources for more complex and strategic tasks. They provide employees with 24/7 support, ensuring that they can get answers to their questions at any time, thus fostering a more responsive and inclusive communication environment.
Video communication has gained immense popularity in recent years, largely due to the widespread adoption of high-speed internet and improved video conferencing technology. Platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Cisco Webex have become essential for virtual meetings, webinars, and remote training sessions. Video communication offers a more personal and engaging way to interact with colleagues, regardless of location. It allows facial expressions, body language, and visual aids to be part of the conversation, which is especially important for building relationships and conveying complex information. Additionally, it reduces the feeling of isolation that remote workers may experience.
Social Intranet and Employee Engagement Platforms
Many organizations embrace social intranet and employee engagement platforms to foster community and streamline internal communication. These platforms, such as Yammer, Workplace by Facebook, and Jive, provide a digital space where employees can share updates, collaborate on projects, and connect with colleagues from different departments. By incorporating social media elements, these platforms encourage employees to interact and share knowledge more informally and transparently. They also serve as a centralized hub for important company announcements, policies, and resources, ensuring employees have easy access to the information they need.
Data Analytics for Insights
Technology has enabled organizations to collect and analyze internal communication patterns and employee engagement data. This data-driven approach helps businesses gain insights into how their teams communicate, what tools are most effective, and where improvements can be made. Advanced analytics tools provide metrics such as message response times, collaboration patterns, and sentiment analysis. This information can be used to optimize communication strategies, identify bottlenecks, and measure the impact of internal communication initiatives. It empowers organizations to continually make data-driven decisions to enhance their internal communication practices.
Mobile Apps for Internal Communication
The widespread use of smartphones has paved the way for mobile apps designed specifically for internal communication. Many organizations have developed their apps or use dedicated platforms like Microsoft Kaizala and Slack to engage with employees on the go. These apps enable employees to receive important notifications, access company resources, and participate in discussions from their mobile devices. They are precious for remote workers and employees who are frequently on the move. Mobile apps also support features like push notifications, ensuring critical information promptly reaches employees.
To Wrap Up
Technology has ushered in a new era of internal communication within businesses. Real-time collaboration tools, cloud-based document sharing, email transformations, AI-powered chatbots, video communication, social intranet platforms, and data analytics are pivotal in reshaping how teams interact and collaborate. As businesses adapt to the changing landscape, staying up-to-date with the latest technological advancements will be essential to maintaining effective internal communication and fostering a productive, connected workforce.


I.T ConneXions have extensive experience in Video Communications and have developed relationships with the leading innovators, providing products and technologies for video conferencing, unified communications over IP, 3G and emerging next-generation networks.
Benefits of Video Conferencing
Reduced Travel Costs. Regular business trips and their associated expense can be avoided with Video Conferencing between internal and external sites.
Increased Productivity. Dispersed workforces and teams can collaborate easier, as teams can be seen and heard, aiding the communication process.
Support for Environmental Initiatives. Video conferencing is an obvious “green” technology, allowing organizations to mitigate energy use by dramatically reducing the need to travel.
Types of Video Conferencing
Desktop Video Conferencing.The rise in remote working means that personal solutions such as desktop video conferencing has never been in so much demand. Our solutions range from web based conferencing applications for use with laptops with webcams to executive video desktop systems.
Room Based Video Conferencing.The most traditional deployment of video systems, where video conferencing occurs two or motre meeting rooms with video codecs installed. A typical room video conferecning system includes the codec, the camera, microphones and a remote control. Alongside the video communications, room systems also allow the users to collaborate and share data as a common included feature.
Telepresence Conferencing.Telepresence has grown from traditional room systems, to satisfy the need to have an immersive experience allowing each participent to be viewed in life size dimentions , giving the impressions of being in the same room.


Tips To Improve The Wi-fi Signal
There are more elements involved, and to get around them, nothing like making a map of the strength of the Wi-Fi signal in our home. Surely, if we measure the signal just a few meters from the router antenna, we will see that the width decreases considerably compared to when we do it a few centimeters away.
To map the house we can do the test with a mobile to which we have installed an application such as Speedtest , available for both Android and iOS . If we open the application from the mobile and click on ‘Start the test’ next to the antenna we will obtain a result, let’s put 60 mbps of the theoretical 600 mbps. Then we move away a few meters and even go into another room, and we do the test again: the result can be 30 mbps.
If we go to the kitchen, next to the refrigerator or the smoke extractor, we will verify that the intensity drops to about 15 mbps. If there is a metal sink involved and we put the mobile inside to do the test, we will be surprised that the result will plummet to about seven “megabytes”. What’s more, if we turn on the microwave at the same time, it may not reach a single mbps even though the kitchen is a few meters from the router.
To have a reference point of what would be optimal, we will do the test from a computer that has the network cable connected . In the case of fiber, we will see that we have all the contracted power. In the case of ADSL there may be a 10% loss, but no more.
Table of Contents
Why Is This Happening?
The Wi-Fi signal is affected in a house by an environment full of electromagnetic obstacles of all kinds and also in competition with other electromagnetic waves that live in the area. Two examples: microwave ovens and old cordless phones, which work at 2.45 Ghz, surely interfering with our Wi-Fi signal. Hence the intensity drops in our signal map.
Also certain remote controls, devices that work with Bluetooth and are permanently connected, and even massive data transmission systems such as ChromeCast or AirPlay, can interfere with Wi-Fi. If to make matters worse we find ourselves in the urban center of a city , where we can coincide with hundreds of signs from the street, neighbors or nearby offices, we must accept that in our house the wifis are not comfortable. Consequently, we will resign ourselves to optimizing the intensity as much as possible.
Solutions To Adopt
The Place In The House Where We Place The Router Is Important
If the router is at one end of a house with an elongated distribution and a central corridor, as Bruno surely does, it should not surprise us that at the opposite end there is hardly any signal. If, in addition, between the router and the point where we want to receive the average signal the kitchen , with all the metallic surface appliances, the wifi will suffer a very important drop because it will bounce.
Therefore, whenever possible, we must place the router in a central point of the house, away from the kitchen and appliances that emit waves. In Bruno’s case, perhaps a good idea would be to buy a very long Ethernet cable and take the router with him to the office during the day, and connect it to a shorter one in the living room at night.
Run Away From Windows, Load-Bearing Walls Or Boundary Partitions
We may be giving away 50% of our Wi-Fi signal to the neighbor simply because we have the router next to a window or an outside wall. The simplest solution is to move the device further into the house. A home remedy, if we cannot move the device, is to place an aluminum foil film behind the antenna, which will protect us from external waves and redirect all the flow that we initially lost.
The Higher The Better
Due to the spherical configuration of the waves, if the router is in a low part of our home, it will run into numerous obstacles and will yield much of the signal to the floor of the neighbor below. It is therefore necessary to place it in a high area, so that it avoids obstacles and reaches us better to all corners.
Also Read : All You Need To Know About NFC Technology
Change The Serial Router For A Dual One
A dual router is one that works in the 802.11n standard, and therefore is capable of broadcasting in the 2.4 Ghz or 5 Ghz frequency, which is the one used by professional routers, which is much less saturated and is not interfered with by emissions from household appliances. Most of the new clients of the access providers have them, but the old ones can still be installed at 2.5 Ghz . Dual routers are available on Amazon for less than $ 200 and are fairly easy to set up.
Use PLC Sockets
The best alternative when there is no way to move the router from the site where it was installed is to buy a PLC plug system.
This system is based on the transmission of the internet through the domestic electrical wiring, so that there is a main plug that is connected by Ethernet to the router and another or others that we can plug in different parts of the house. When activated, the network flow will go to where they are, which will then emit it in the form of a new Wi-Fi signal.
Again, they can be bought on Amazon for less than 100$ and they are really effective, as well as easy to install.
Also Read : What Is And How Does An Autonomous Car Work?


MiFi Offers a Convenient Way to Connect to the Web
If you need to connect your computer, netbook or other devices to the Internet when you are traveling, in a remote location, or at a conference, MiFi may be your best option.
MiFi is a brand name that is used to describe pocket-size wireless routers that can create a personal WiFi hotspot using a signal from 3G (and 4G) cellphone networks. The router creates a 30-foot "cloud" of high speed WiFi service that can handle up to five devices.
Since introduced last year, many companies such as Verizon, Sprint and Virgin offer competing products and data service plans. MiFi products offer some advantages, most notably, ease of use and sharing, and they don't tie up your phone. Recently, Virgin offered an unlimited MiFi data plan without the typical two-year contract for only $40 per month, making it an even more attractive choice, but beware of concerns with Virgin's service. A recent New York Times article covered the latest offering from Virgin.


Japan Radio Corporation (JRC) is a Japanese company that specializes in the design and manufacture of a wide range of electronics products. The company was founded in 1915, and its headquarters are located in Tokyo, Japan.
JRC is known for its high-quality marine electronics, including radars, GPS systems, and communication equipment for ships and boats. In addition to marine electronics, JRC also produces products for aviation, land mobile radio, and amateur radio markets.
JRC has a global presence, with offices and production facilities in countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, China, and Singapore. The company has a strong commitment to research and development, and invests heavily in cutting-edge technology to ensure that its products are of the highest quality and performance.
JRC has earned a reputation for excellence in the electronics industry, and its products are used by a wide range of customers, including commercial shipping companies, government agencies, and amateur radio enthusiasts.


While parts of the update, like Type N Go, were designed specifically for the physical portrait QWERTY keyboard on the BlackBerry Q10, other features will work perfectly with the BlackBerry Z10. For example, BlackBerry 10.1 will now allow a Z10 user to click on a phone number in an email or BBM message and have it dialed, or have the number copied and pasted to the dialer. After the update, BlackBerry 10.1 users will be able to view emails attached to another email, get suggestions from the contacts list when addressing a message and send direct communications between fellow BlackBerry smartphone users using PIN to PIN messaging.The update also takes one of BlackBerry's most popular capabilities, messaging, and allows users to personalize it so that they can tell from the color of the blinking LED light, or from the ringtone or the vibrations set off, exactly who is trying to reach them. Besides customizing the notification features to determine who is calling or trying to send a message, these features can be set up to help users determine which platform a message is being sent from whether it is via email, Twitter or Facebook.
The update also gives users more control over the cursor, making it easier to correct text or highlight a word. A blue circle can be moved to the exact point where a word or letter needs to be inserted. In addition, with all of the talk about how well the Nokia Lumia handsets take pictures in low-light conditions, the update brings HDR (High Dynamic Range) mode to the BlackBerry Z10 camera. By layering multiple pictures at different exposure levels, a picture now combines the best of the dark areas and light areas in bringing BlackBerry 10.1 owners improved performance with pictures snapped in low-light conditions. The camera will also now reduce both red and golden eye images.
While the update starts rolling out today to Z10 owners, don't panic if you don't get it by the stroke of midnight. These updates usually are sent out in waves and if your phone doesn't receive it today, tomorrow or even the next day, just be calmed by the knowledge that it will eventually arrive.
source: BlackBerry via BGR
This post was made using the Auto Blogging Software from WebMagnates.org This line will not appear when posts are made after activating the software to full version.


Never before have human beings enjoyed the level of communication that we have now thanks to a boom in fast, easy-to-access information. Internet has enabled us to be permanently connected in practically real time. Humanity evolves, but we are slaves to technology. It isolates us, making us believe that that we are better communicated while we forget about the real person we have standing right next to us. These two people had just come out of a work meeting and the first thing they did was to consult their phones. Could they actually be talking to each other? It’s possible.
4 September, 2013


Lee County Government (LCG) is experiencing a system-wide phone outage that will not allow county phones to make or receive calls. The outage is not impacting 9-1-1 phone service that remains fully operational.
The problem appears to be originating with the vendor system outside the control of local county staff. Staff is working diligently with our vendor to correct the problem and restore service as soon as possible. At this time, there is no estimate time available for when service will be restored.
All emergency services remain operational and available to the public during this time - to report a public health or public safety emergency please dial 9-1-1.
# # #
Press Release Contact:
Community & Governmental Relations Manager


An innovative system for rapid and mass detection and neutralization of cyber attacks on Internet users”.
Our R&D unit developed an innovative product, brand named TREATNET, consisting of modules that can detect security breaches of internet users without violating the confidentiality and privacy of user transmissions. This service has a network-centric model, meaning it may also be provided by the network provider (telecommunications operator).
TREATNET consists of a set of modular tools creating a uniform system for monitoring, detecting and removing the effects of malware infecting internet users by analyzing user system events and network nodes, then removing the effects.
The TREATNET system belongs to a new category of anti-ransomware systems.
More about the project: http://treatnet.com/
The TRETMNET project was created with the support of European Funds.
Questions concerning our offer? Interested in doing business with us? Please make contact: firstname.lastname@example.org
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Sending Messages What are messages? A user or an app can send a message either to another user or to a group. One can send both plain text messages and messages with rich content. Plain message messages display the sender name, the user avatar, the measage of the message, and the time at which it was sent.
For more information on nonqueued messages, see Nonqueued Messages. The SendMessage function calls the window procedure for the specified message and. If the specified window was sent by the calling thread, the window procedure is called immediately as a subroutine.
Examples For an example, see Displaying Keyboard Input. Messages sent between thre are processed only when the receiving thread executes message retrieval code.
Send and receive text messages globally with Twilio's API-based SMS services. Install the app into your own Flock.
This message will appear in your Bot's chat tab for that user. Learn the basics of sending an SMS, message delivery statuses, adding media to your messages, and outbound.
Send notifications to a user or a group e. One can send both plain text messages and messages with rich content.
For eg the Todo app sends a notification to the entire group when a Task created within that group was completed. Sending Messages What are messages?
The sending thread is blocked until the receiving thread processes the message. However, the sending thread will process incoming nonqueued messages while waiting for its message to be processed.
A user or an app can send a message either to another user or to a group. Sends the specified message meswage a window or windows.
Plain text messages display the sender name, the user avatar, the text of the message, and the time at which it was sent. Prior to that, however, you will need to create an app.
Search swinger dating
Send SMS messages with Twilio's API. You may wish to do this for messages that are meant only for a given user e.
send If the specified window was created by a different thread, the system switches to that thread and calls the appropriate window procedure. Deliver notifications, alters, 2FA and customer care conversations. This functionality is not guaranteed to message for other types of applications.
For eg the Reminder app bot sends a message to a user based on the user's configuration What are the types of Messages? You may messafe to do this for messages that are meant to be seen by the entire group or both parties in a one-on-one message. What can I use Messages for?


Genesee Course Listing
Official Course Information
Please select a Course Section from the List below or use Search for a class by Title.
Computer Sys & Network Technology Courses:
|CSN206 - LAN Switching and Wireless Networking|
Catalog Description: Introduces technologies and protocols needed to design and implement converged switched and wireless networks. Topics include Ethernet switching, VLAN, switch trunking, interVLAN routing, VTP, RSTP, wireless networking and wireless security. Students complete procedural labs on configuration, implementation, and troubleshooting of enterprise level network switches and wireless LANs. Fall only. Two class hours, two lab hours. Prerequisite: CSN120
Lecture: 2 hrs.
Lab: 2 hrs.
Course Student Learning Outcomes (CSLOs):
Upon successful completion of the course, as documented by exams, projects, discussions, and skill demonstrations, students will be able to:
1. Identify and correct common network problems at layers 1, 2, 3, and 7 using a layered model approach
2. Select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors to connect switches to other network devices and hosts
3. Explain the technology and media access control method for Ethernet networks
4. Explain basic switching concepts and the operation of network switches
5. Perform and verify initial switch configuration tasks including remote access management
6. Describe enhanced switching technologies such as VLANs, VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP), Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), Per VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol (PVSTP), and 802.1q
7. Describe how VLANs create logically separate networks and how routing occurs between them
8. Configure, verify, and troubleshoot VLANs, trunking on enterprise level switches, interVLAN routing, VTP, and RSTP
9. Interpret the output of various show and debug commands to verify the operational status of a enterprise level switched network
10. Verify network status and switch operation using basic utilities such as ping, traceroute, Telnet, Secure Shell (SSH), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), and ipconfig, as well as the associated show and debug commands.
11. Identify, prescribe, and resolve common switched network media issues, configuration issues, auto-negotiation, and switch hardware failures
12. Manage enterprise level switch software
13. Manage enterprise level switch configuration files (save, edit, upgrade, and restore)
14. Describe standards associated with wireless media, such as IEEE WI-FI Alliance and ITU/FCC
15. Identify and describe the purpose of the components in a small wireless network, such as Service Set Identification (SSID), Basic Service Set (BSS), and Extended Service Set (ESS)
16. Identify basic configuration parameters on a wireless network to ensure that devices connect to the correct access points
17. Compare and contrast Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) security features and capabilities of open, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), and WPA-1/2 networks
18. Describe common wireless-network implementation issues such as interference and misconfigurations
19. Pass a comprehensive final exam that requires the same level of proficiency as the corresponding industry standard certification exam. *
* This course objective has been identified as a student learning outcome that must be formally assessed as part of the Comprehensive Assessment Plan of the college. All faculty teaching this course must collect the required data and submit the required analysis and documentation at the conclusion of the semester to the Office of Institutional Research and Assessment.
1. LAN Design
2. Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration
3. VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks)
6. Inter-VLAN Routing
7. Basic Wireless Concepts and Configuration
Effective Term: Spring 2011


Unlike all other wireless charging devices in the market that you have to make contact with the charging pad in order to charge your device. Our advance wireless charging technology makes true wireless charging happens. Our charging of the moon light can be done while the moon light is levitating. The charging function is controlled by a touchable button that built in the docking. A full charge of the moon light will take around 2 hours and the moon light could be use up to 10 hours with a full charge.


How many SIM slots does your phone have? Dual SIM models are very popular in some regions, but in recent years eSIM (embedded SIM) has started to replace the secondary slot for an external card.
Many carriers offer low-cost roaming or no roaming at all (for example within the EU), so having the option to open extra cards from a local carrier has become less important. But now, ten years ago, some manufacturers weren’t sure how many phone lines you might need in your pocket.
A? Two? four? Let’s start with the loneliest number. As we explained in a previous installment, the first GSM phones had SIM cards – the kind of full-size ones you might have used in payphones. They did double duty. First, they told the operator network who will be billed for the call. Second, they served as storage, as the earliest phones had no memory for phone numbers or text messages.
So the need for at least one SIM is pretty obvious (although if you grew up in a CDMA region you might disagree). How about two SIMs? In 2000, the world’s first dual SIM phone, the Benefon Twin, was introduced. Actually “twin” actually referred to the phone with dual band connectivity, actually the Benefon Twin Dual SIM we are interested in.
The Benefon Twin Dual SIM is the first of its kind (picture credit)
Finnish operator VLP boasted about its usefulness: “Using two SIM cards in a single phone will provide our customers with a smart and convenient way to combine the economies of our Citikka subscription and the global coverage of GSM services. Citikka Q is especially for users who frequently move outside the service area of our Citikka network.” Mr Erik Sjoberg, managing director of VLP, said. “As far as we know, the Benefon Twin Dual SIM is the first GSM phone on the market with an operating system and two SIM card slots, which greatly simplifies the phone management of two-line users.
“It provides an equally significant added value, not just for customers of regional Cityphone services, but for all users who use two separate mobile subscriptions for any reason,” Mr. Jorma Nieminen added.
We can say that the Gigabyte Gsmart G1317 Rola is the first Android with dual SIM. Announced in late 2010, it was released in April 2011. Note also that ViewSonic was “first” when it launched the ViewSonic V350 in February 2011, but that model has been redesigned and its launch delayed to June.
Gigabyte Gsmart G1317 Rola is the world’s first Android phone with two SIM slots
The first triple SIM phone we could find came in 2010, the Intex IN 5030 E Tri.do. This is a remarkable name for a notable phone – it supports GSM+GSM+CDMA connectivity and can simultaneously use SIM cards from Airtel, Idea for GSM and Tata Indicom (three major operators in India at the time).
LG introduced its first triple SIM handset, a feature phone, in 2012. This was the LG A290. A year later, LG and MediaTek announced a collaboration to create the world’s first 3G Android smartphone.
One poster, HateU, said, “Triple SIM? Are you kidding me! I want quad SIM! Otherwise, I have to buy 2 different phones for my 4 SIM cards. Shame on you LG!”
Wish granted – from late 2010 the Flying F160 claimed to be the world’s first Quad SIM phone. It even had a dedicated slot for a microSD card. But that’s not the whole story.
Also another phone surfaced – OTECH F1. He also claimed first place, but there is no reason why neither should be first. In fact, looking at its hardware, it’s pretty obvious that this is a white box device labeled as the Flying or OTECH phone.
Shortly after quad-SIM phone callers were struggling to choose – a company called T&T was founded. four models, priced at just $30 each. These were of course essential feature phones, and they didn’t hide their design inspiration from BlackBerry, Motorola, and Nokia.
LG also launched several Quad SIM phones in 2013, namely the LG C299 and LG A395. But there aren’t many phones in our database that can fit four physical SIM cards. As we mentioned earlier, there isn’t much need these days, not even three. Considering the convenience of eSIM, maybe not even for two physical SIMs.
Have you ever had a triple or quad SIM phone? Do you think there is still a need for such devices, especially a use case that cannot be handled by eSIM?


IPv6 Address 2600:9000:200e:f200:0:b0d2:7200:93a1
2600:9000:200e:f200:0:b0d2:7200:93a1 is the short representation of the public IPv6 address 2600:9000:200e:f200:0000:b0d2:7200:93a1.
The address is delegated to Amazon.com, and its location can be traced back to United States. You can find more detailed location information and WHOIS data below.
|ASN||16509 (Amazon.com, Inc.)|
|ISP / Organization||Amazon.com|
|Location||United States (US)|
|Latitude||37.7510 / 37°45′3″ N|
|Longitude||-97.8220 / 97°49′19″ W|
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You’ve probably heard of the phrase ‘internet of Things’ (IoT). It describes the internet-enabled products that can act intelligently to create faster, simpler, more streamlined experiences.
The typical applications might by the IoT enabled smart meter that sends meter readings to your electricity supplier automatically, or the IoT enabled printer that orders its own ink.
Yet whilst these are the domestic, everyday applications, industry is enjoying its own IoT revolution with a new generation of smart assembly components that tell the robots what to do with them. As compressed air is behind around 10% of global manufacturing, it’s natural that the IoT is set to impact the world of the air compressor too.
Perhaps the greatest challenge in any air compressor system is keeping track of the parameters that matter most, and which can be the first sign of trouble: pressure, flow, motor speed, filter efficiency etc.
There are already systems which can monitor these but at present they’ve tended to be data gatherers they haven’t acted on that data. So, when you air compressor pressure drops below a certain level, for example, the system may alert you and you’ll call your compressed air maintenance people (people like us).
The next step is for the system is to alert your air compressor specialist itself, removing the need for your involvement – something that would be relatively simple to engineer for any client with an ongoing service plan. There’s real potential here to address issues before they become problems.
Such a system could, for example, detect a clogged filter before you might notice it. Or it may spot a cold weather risk of condensate freezing and order a service call to fix the problem.
Finally, there’s the ultimate stage of air compressor artificial intelligence: the sort that not only self-diagnoses but self-repairs, adjusting pressures and air flows to optimise performance.
Thankfully for every compressed air maintenance specialist, we’re not quite there yet!


Your North Alabama Conference Disaster Response & Recovery Team is launching our new communication tool, NAC-NAV.
NAC-NAV is short for North Alabama Conference Navigators. This is a "text service" for Emergency Communications. You can report any damages through this service, as well as, receive notifications of emergency needs and requests for teams to assist in the relief operations. This is an EMERGENCY ONLY Service.
To sign up and be able to send and receive Disaster Response NAC-NAV messages: Use your mobile phone and text the word NACNAV to 256-414-8358.
All other disaster response communications will be shared through email notices. Therefore, we encourage you also to sign up for those email notices at http://na-email.brtapp.com/subscribe.
We are in hurricane season and sometimes our Conference area is impacted as hurricanes move inland. Sign up today for NAC-NAV and Disaster Response emails.
In His Grace,
Disaster Response Coordinator for the North Alabama Annual Conference


Netgear Nighthawk X8 R8500 AC5300 Router Brings Link Aggregation Mainstreamby Ganesh T S on December 31, 2015 8:00 AM EST
- Posted in
The average consumer equipment's wired ports have been stuck at 1 Gbps for quite some time. On the other hand, 802.11ac enables router manufacturers to market multi-gigabit Wi-Fi. Power users have tried to use prosumer and business switches to take advantage of multiple ports on devices and obtain multi-gigabit throughput. Netgear recently introduced its AC5300-class router, the Nighthawk X8 R8500. One of the interesting features was the availability of 802.3ad LACP in the official firmware. In the marketing material, they also pointed out that it was simple enough for the average user to utilize when combined with a Netgear ReadyNAS unit.
The Netgear Nighthawk X8 R8500 was launched in October 2015. It is an AC5300-class tri-band router. This implies the presence of two 5 GHz SSIDs (4x4 for 1733 Mbps with Broadcom's 1024 QAM extensions to get 2165 Mbps on each SSID) and one 2.4 GHz SSID (4x4 for 800 Mbps, with Broadcom's 1024-QAM again bringing it to 1000 Mbps). We covered the full details in our launch piece, and will not delve much into the details here. Link aggregation is made necessary in these flagship products because of the presence of multiple SSIDs capable of gigabit throughput. Since each wired port is limited to 1 Gbps, it becomes impossible for any one client to actually make full use of the wireless capabilities.
There are different ways to aggregate two network ports together. These include round-robin, active backup, balance-xor, fault tolerance, adaptive load balancing etc. Multiple modes tend to create confusion for the average user. Hence, Netgear has chosen to keep things simple by making 802.3ad Dynamic Link Aggregation (LACP) as the only available teaming mode.
Netgear assumes that most of the consumers would be connecting a NAS unit to the LACP ports. They have separate guides for ReadyNAS, QNAP and Synology units on their website.
Ideally, the configuration should be a couple of clicks at the most in the web UI. While that is true on the router side, the NAS side has a few issues. The fact that the setup will utilize 802.3ad LACP is drilled down quite a bit, but the changing of the hash type to Layer 2 + 3 needs to be done explicitly (it is Layer 2 by default). Note that choosing Layer 2 will still keep the UI status on both the NAS and the router side happy. The NAS is also accessible via the LACP ports irrespective of the hash type chosen.
This review will start off with a description of a realistic test setup to bring out the benefits of link aggregation. In the initial configuration, we will take a look at a pure wired setup. In the second experiment, we will check if the benefits of link aggregation translate to practical gigabit Wi-Fi.
It is important to remember that a single PC or a single transfer stream will not benefit from 802.3ad LACP. For example, a client with bonded ports can't get multi-link throughput from a server with bonded ports for any given transfer (unless one is using SMB multi-channel, for example). In any case, this is a moot point since the R8500 supports only two ports for link aggregation.
Our test setup consists of the Netgear ReadyNAS RN214 connected to the link aggregation ports of a R8500 and configured with a bonded link as described in the previous subsection. The NAS is configured with a RAID-5 volume using 4x 4TB Seagate NAS HDDs. On the clients side, we have three PCs running Windows 8.1 Pro connected to ports 3, 4 and 5 of the same R8500. Two of the PCs had an integrated RealTek Semiconductor RTL8168/8111 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet NIC while one had a Intel Ethernet Connection I218-V Gigabit Ethernet NIC. The performance difference between the Realtek and Intel NICs is not a big factor in the benchmarks today.
In the second experiment, we configured another R8500 in bridge mode to connect to the first 5 GHz SSID on the main R8500. The three wired clients used in the first experiment were connected to the bridged R8500's LAN ports numbered 1,2 and 3. Link aggregation was disabled on the bridged R8500, but the ReadyNAS RN214 continued to remain connected via LACP on the primary R8500.
The gallery above shows some of the configuration pages on the R8500 units and the RN214 relevant to the above discussion.
The actual benchmark consisted of transferring a 10.7 GB Blu-ray folder structure from the NAS to the PC and vice-versa in a synchronized manner. A Blu-ray folder allows us to mimic a good mix of files of different sizes. Synchronizing the operations allows us to identify how the setup behaves when multiple clients are trying to simultaneously access the link-aggregated target (ReadyNAS RN214, in this case). This is the typical scenario when multiple machines are attempting to backup or restore from a backup.
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Ertaz - Thursday, December 31, 2015 - linkHey, thank you for taking the time to do this review. This is good info and it's given me things to think about when I upgrade my network in the middle of the year.
creed3020 - Thursday, December 31, 2015 - linkThanks for confirming my suspicions, at least with this hardware, that wireless AC at the highest end is still not ready to replace my Cat5e cables snaked through the house.
I love my fast connection to my NAS, router, and other clients without high latency and jittery speeds.
IndianaKrom - Thursday, December 31, 2015 - linkThe other thing to keep in mind is that all 802.11 based standards are half-duplex and all these routers claims of bandwidth is the sum of the total system bandwidth in both directions. But in reality the bandwidth is split 50/50 between the transmit and receive sides of the time division multiplexing. So in any one direction transfer the maximum theoretical throughput of a pair of wireless devices is 50% of the negotiated link speed.
Basically if wired lan was advertised the same as wifi routers, then your 1 gigabit cat5e would be marketed as "2 gigabits".
zodiacfml - Thursday, December 31, 2015 - linkWow, I was about the mention the same thing. I did a lot of reading last year on Wi-Fi and standards that I came to know of this half-duplex operation as I am perplexed why multi-gigabit Wi-Fi don't come close LAN cabling. Even uglier are the spatial streams which has diminishing returns. A second spatial stream, if I'm correct, is around 50% improvement and the third stream is around 20 to 30%.
easp - Friday, January 1, 2016 - linkYou make a valid point about the difference between full and half-duplex operation.
You miss though that ethernet was originally shared and half-duplex, and so a 10baseT or 10base2 network segment shared 10mbps among all connected devices. This bandwidth was measured at the PHY (physical) layer, and didn't take into account the overhead imposed the collision detection and avoidance MAC (media access control). During the the rise in full-duplex NICs and switches starting in the mid-1990s, bi-directional communication was still a selling point.
When WiFi arrived, it was specced similarly to early ethernet. The quoted speeds were based on the maximum available PHY rate, and ignored the overhead imposed by other layers of the wireless stack. This pattern held until 802.11ac, when the quoted datarates were at the MAC layer, and arrived with efficiency improvements in the MAC. However, they still are half-duplex.
While I agree that the distinction between the full-duplex norms of most wired networking and the half-duplex norms of WiFi are important to consider. I think you've manage to both under and overstate the implications when it comes to WiFi.
Also, your comment on shared bandwidth between two wireless stations connecting through the same WiFi router/access point should probably acknowledge that things change straightforward once multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) becomes better supported and adopted, particularly since the article you are commenting on is about MU-MIMO capable hardware.
easp - Friday, January 1, 2016 - linkDerp. I meant to cut my second-to-last paragraph.
Notmyusualid - Sunday, January 3, 2016 - linkAdd to your half-duplex wireless hates, air listening times, back-off times, re-tranmissions, noisy environments (I had 57 viewable networks from the apartment in Copenhagen), and more all lead to increased latency. So I gave up on 802.11g long ago... 2.4GHz was saturated.
My two C3750G switches are hard-wiring my house just fine, without LACP or PAGP, my etherchannels are hard coded as ON.
But I actually still like this product - I've seen more than enough small business run on non-enterprise gear (NOT my decision), and so having etherchannels available to a NAS makes sense - for a storage solution that might be under quite some load with a dozen or so users.
And wait until DD-WRT gets their hands on it, you might get some port security etc too!
michaelag - Thursday, December 31, 2015 - link"On the other hand, 802.11c enables router manufacturers to market multi-gigabit Wi-Fi."
ganeshts - Thursday, December 31, 2015 - linkThanks for pointing out. Fixed the typo.
The_Assimilator - Thursday, December 31, 2015 - linkI'm honestly surprised there hasn't been a lawsuit in the US regarding the lies about wireless speeds that router companies peddle. "5.3Gbps WiFi Speeds"... I doubt Netgear has ever even seen that in their own testing, and I doubt anyone ever will.
Maybe one day wireless speeds won't be "up to" with the average maximum throughput being 20% of what the manufacturer claims... and maybe I'll fart butterflies. Until then, I'm sticking with wired Ethernet - it may be an old standard, and a pain, but at least it delivers.


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Whatsapp (web.whatsapp.com) is a popular instant messaging application that is used by a billion people across 180 countries and thus a top choice for communication. Whatsapp since its initiation has always given a quality communication experience to its users and helped them keep in touch with their family and friends. To make it more convenient for its users to communicate. It has launched a web version where you can get access to your Whatsapp account on the web and message your friends right from your computer. The web version is synced with your mobile application so that you can text seamlessly with your contacts from your PC. The web version runs only on Google Chrome browser and features almost all the functionalities of Whatsapp messenger including texting and media sharing. Log in to your account from the web interface and start texting your friends directly from your PC.
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Cons of Using Whatsapp at web.whatsapp.com:
All Whatsapp features not available on the Web Interface. It has some restrictions to it. These are a few cons of the Whatsapp Web extension:
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Whatsapp web download for pc at web.whatsapp.com now available in the web domain provides a convenient mode of communication to the users as they can access their account from any of their preferable device. The features of this web application are same as the mobile application and it continuously synchronizes new text messages and contacts so that users can continue with their conversation without any kind of interruption. The texts are also secured via end to end encryption guarantying you complete security. The web extension is not a single device restricted and can be accessed from multiple desktop devices. The availability of this application on the web domain including mobile app makes for a barrier free communication tool. Whatsapp web web.whatsapp with this inclusion has successfully provided its users with convenient and quality communication and in the present day has become the leading instant messaging application in the mass market.


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