Fayme Chandonnet Quadcopter June 11th, 2018 - 19:34:21
UAV stands for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and it covers all remotely controlled machines that are also known as quadcopters as well as aircraft used by the US air force. These machines are mainly used by military and police officers to carry out an operation where a manned aircraft seems impractical or too risky. Unmanned aircraft are not new; they have been in use since the World War I. However at that time the control was mechanical and the aircraft could only go as far as the fuel would allow. Later on devices that could be controlled with the help of radio or infra-red technology were developed. These devices became the predecessors of the modern quadcopter that employs integrated circuit or computer chips and can be programmed to fly for a definite time period in a definite direction fulfilling a definite purpose.
If you have ever wondered what you need to get started in the RC hobby of multirotors this is the place for you. In this article I am going to outline all the basic components that are necessary to get started building your own quadcopter. First you are going to need a transmitter. The transmitter is the radio control that you use to communicate with your unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). There are various types of transmitter that are categorized by brand frequency and number of channels. For a quadcopter you need at least a 4 channel transmitter but I would suggest getting a 6 channel transmitter that works on the 2.4GHz frequency.
There are a lot of quadcopters out there for beginners. The Smya X1 is one of the most popular. I like it because it has a 2.4GHz transmitter is very durable and very easy to fly. You can also make it do flips at the touch of a button to impress your friends. But recently I just got the Blade mQX and I must say I am quite impressed. It is actually similar in size to the Syma X1 but it boasts better performance with 4 brushed 8.5 mm motors 5.5 inch blades and a 4-in-1 receiver/ESCs/mixer/sensor that acts as flight control board. The built in DSM2 receiver is one thing I really like about the Blade mQX a lot of quadcopters come with proprietary transmitters and receivers and it can be difficult without hacking the hardware to make it compatible with your existing transmitter. With the Blade mQX you are able to bind it with any DSM2 compatible radio such as Spektrum radios.
The main function that makes these UAVs different from the ones available off-the-shelf is their ability to fly autonomously. This means that the vehicle is able to make decisions depending on its flight to change direction capture images or return to ground. These machines come equipped with various sensors and in order to make a decision the input from different sensors is merged. They are also able to communicate with other UAVs flying around as well as with ground stations and satellites. They are capable of determining the ideal course for achieving a mission. These powerful capabilities make them extremely sensitive and sophisticated devices and these operations are not available in quadcopters used for the purpose of fun and entertainment.


Pro Certs Software have updated their cable size calculator for improved usability, a smoother user experience and bug fixes. A cable size calculator is a handy electrical app to have at your side for when the need arises to carry out a quick cable size calculation while out on site, during a site survey or in the office for circuit design...
The cable calculator software incorporates an swa cable calculator which also calculates the cable volt drop, expected Zs value and r1+r2.
RCD Max Zs in TT Earthing Systems Supported
As with most TT earthing systems it can be extremely difficult to achieve a low enough Ze reading to satisfy the maximum permitted Zs value of the circuit protective device, hence RCD's are required.
This cable calculation software includes support for TT earthing systems, the TT earthing system options supports using the RCD / RCBO maximum permitted Zs values instead of the MCB values, such as 1667 for a 30mA RCD enabling a more precise cable size calculation.
Cable Size Calculation Formula
SWA Cable Calculator
Cable Size Calculator Excel
This app has a lot of data programmed in to the app. Cable calculations based on Excel such as cable size calculator excel have to have accurate and current data setup by the means of multiple complex formulas, the formulas can easily be accidentally deleted or changed resulting in an incorrect cable size calculation. This app limits the mistakes that would result from using an un-trusted excel formula for cable calculations.
Volt Drop Calculator
A volt drop calculator is included within this cable calc app along with calculated Zs and calculated r1+r2.
Other Electrical Apps


Forensic location data from cell phones, tablets, and even smart watches is becoming more and more common in criminal prosecutions. Authorities use cell phone forensics to try and place defendants at the scene of a crime, track movements of suspected drug dealers, and to download GPS or Wi-Fi data that may be incriminating. At the same time, defense attorneys often use cell phone evidence to prove a client’s alibi, put supposedly incriminating movements into context, or show that another user could have been sending texts or communicating on a phone. Modern criminal defense practice requires a solid understanding of the use and limitations of this type of evidence.
So what kind of evidence can we obtain from cell phones? When I first started practicing, I assumed that cell phones could be tracked, monitored, and analyzed like the movie Enemy of the State. Remember that scene where the government tried to locate Will Smith’s character and a satellite zoomed into him talking on the phone in real time? Yeah, it’s nothing like that in real life. Not in 1998 and not now.
What is Range to Tower Data?
Cell phone location data can be divided into three broad categories: range to tower (RTT), GPS data, and Wi-Fi/data connection. The most commonly used category is range to tower data (RTT). This is what is referred to when someone says that a person’s phone “pinged” to a tower. Many people assume that this is a very accurate method of locating an electronic device, but that impression is incorrect. In reality, RTT data can only tell us which tower and sector of a tower a device connected to. Picture a circle divided into three equal segments, like a pizza with three slices. The circle is the tower, and the slices are the segments. This is how most cell services operate. We can tell which tower (which pizza) a device connects to, and which slice it is connecting with, and sometimes get a rudimentary estimate of how far from the slice of pizza the phone is, but that is the extent of our ability to locate a particular phone.
But there are serious limitations to range to tower data. First, it’s a rough estimate, not a location. Cell phone towers and sectors often service dozens, if not hundreds of square miles. So we can tell whether someone is in the area of La Crosse by RTT data, but not whether someone is at a particular home or even in a particular neighborhood. And it’s impossible to track a phone within a cell phone sector. Additionally, RTT data requires that a cell phone be powered on and communicating with a tower. This means that a phone will not provide location data unless a person is using it to call, text, conduct an internet search, or using an app that requires data.
Another common misconception is that RTT data reveals the closest cell phone tower. That’s also incorrect. Cell phones select the best available signal, which sometimes can come from a tower or sector that is farther than a closer tower. In the Driftless region of Wisconsin where I practice, we have to constantly consider whether a signal is reflecting from the bluffs to connect a user to a tower that is not the closest to the user. In other words, connecting to a tower and sector does not mean that a phone is actually connected to the closest possible point.
What about triangulation?
Many people assume that a cell phone “ping” is the same thing as triangulation, or finding the location of a device by measuring its azimuth and distance from several fixed points. With the exception of specialized military equipment, aeronautical navigation equipment, and the old fashioned LORAN, cell phones are not triangulated.
Okay, well can’t the government access my GPS data instead?
Short answer, yes, but not always. GPS data has to be stored on a phone and, absent any warrant for real time monitoring of a phone’s movement, downloaded by a program like cellebrite. GPS is far more accurate than RTT data, and can provide precise movements of a phone. However, it generally has to be activated, stored, and downloaded after the fact, which doesn’t always happen. GPS is also limited by the ability to seize and analyze a phone, and can’t tell us who was actually in possession of a phone at the time.
How can the government track my phone by Wi-Fi?
It’s simple actually. Every time you log onto a Wi-Fi network or data hotspot, a smart phone will record what network you are connected to. In fact, many phones will keep a record of which Wi-Fi networks are available as the phone passes through areas of coverage. So if you are driving down I-90 and pass by Wi-Fi networks that are available on a specific route, those available networks will be recorded in a phone’s memory. Which means that Wi-Fi networks are more specific geolocations that can track the location and movement of a phone more accurately than the networks themselves.
How does the State use this type of evidence?
Cell phone location data is used in a wide variety of cases. It’s used to establish a defendant’s location in cases like homicide, robbery, burglary, and sexual assault. It is used to establish a phone’s user when the device is used to download contraband or facilitate illegal encounters. Cell phone location data is frequently used in drug trafficking and conspiracy cases, often in combination with cellebrite data downloads to recover text messages and phone contacts.
How does the defense use cell phone location data?
In much the same way, but with more limitations. Cell phone data can be very helpful to establish an alibi, or prove that a phone was moving when an owner would have been elsewhere. However, a defendant does not have the same access to cell phone forensic data as the State. Defendant’s generally have to submit their own phones for independent analysis, usually at significant cost, or obtain location data from their cell phone provider. This can be difficult without a standard billing plan if a phone is a pay as you go (“burner”) phone. Unlike the State, with very limited exceptions, the defendant does not have the ability to issue a search warrant or subpoena for documents on third party phones. If you believe that cell phone location data may be important to your defense, it is important to tell your lawyer right away so that he or she can arrange to preserve the data that will help your case.


The City of Memphis is proud to announce a significant transformation in its citizen services with a groundbreaking technological upgrade for the Mayor’s Citizen Service Center, known as 311. This initiative aims to enhance the experience for citizens.
311 is the non-emergency phone number and mobile application that empowers citizens to report various issues, from potholes and abandoned vehicles to high weeds on vacant lots, curbside trash, faulty traffic signals, and abandoned homes. It is a direct line of communication between the city and its residents, ensuring that issues are addressed promptly and efficiently without overburdening emergency lines or navigating through multiple municipal channels.
The old service request management system operated within an Oracle database and is integrated into an ESRI GIS database through Live Link. While functional, it has become increasingly apparent that this system had limitations, including an outdated workflow, multiple points of failure, intermittent sync issues, inaccuracies within the SeeClickFix(SCF) phone App, and communication challenges.
Recognizing the need for an advanced solution, the City of Memphis has chosen to leverage the powerful ESRI ArcGIS platform for mapping and spatial geographic information system analytics. This platform will serve as the backbone for a series of cutting-edge applications designed to revolutionize citizen services including:
“I believe that our 311 website is the digital gateway to superior customer service and enhanced citizen engagement, stated Interim Chief Information Officer Augustine Boateng.“It enables our community to request services and seamlessly report non-emergency issues. We are committed to leveraging technology to create a more connected and efficient city that serves the needs of all our residents.”
This initiative represents the City of Memphis’s commitment to delivering efficient and accessible citizen services, making it easier for residents to engage with the City of Memphis.
As the CIO, I believe that our 311 website is the digital gateway to superior customer service and enhanced citizen engagement. It enables our community to request services and seamlessly report non-emergency issues. We are committed to leveraging technology to create a more connected and efficient city that serves the needs of all our residents.”


Telecom Egypt has signed an agreement with the European Investment Bank (EIB) – the lending arm of the European Union – to secure a medium-term loan of €150 million to expand Telecom’s 4G broadband network Egypt.
The new development facility will be used to help Telecom Egypt improve its mobile network coverage by deploying around 2,000 new mobile sites and installing additional layers of capacity to its existing portfolio of mobile towers. The partnership, currently the largest EIB mobile network loan in Africa, will strengthen the network across Egypt, including less densely populated areas, and improve competition and accessibility of services.
Adel Hamed, Managing Director and CEO, said:
“We are very pleased to have obtained this new line of credit from the EIB after extensive deliberations, including the presentation of our functional plan to improve the scale of our mobile network, an objective which is in line with the priorities of the bank for development projects. Telecom Egypt will capitalize on its multiple financial resources, newly allocated spectrum and rich portfolio of valuable products, among other factors, to continue to serve its growing customer base and strengthen its competitive position in the Egyptian telecommunications market. »
Flavia Palanza, Director, EU Neighborhood Countries, European Investment Bank, said:
“This project will help accelerate large-scale investments in mobile networks and ensure affordable access to digital services in Egypt. The EIB sees digital transformation as a catalyst for innovation, jobs and sustainable economic growth. We are delighted to partner with Telecom Egypt, a dynamic group committed to its ambitious network expansion program, to provide modern and expanded access to connectivity throughout Egypt.”
Tobias Krause, Deputy Head of Delegation of the EU Delegation to Egypt, said:
“Digital transformation is a key pillar of this ambitious new phase of joint cooperation with Egypt. The EU aims to support the efforts of the Egyptian government to ensure resilient and affordable access to universal connectivity for the benefit of Egyptian citizens across the country. This project shows the commitment of our partners at the EIB, the EU lender, to support the planning of crucial inclusive digital infrastructure in Egypt. We will continue to work hand in hand with our Member States and European financial institutions as Team Europe to support Egypt’s human-centric digital transition and to foster a sustainable, connected and inclusive economy and society.”
Telecom Egypt Company SAE published this content on March 27, 2022 and is solely responsible for the information contained therein. Distributed by publicunedited and unmodified, on March 27, 2022 5:10:04 PM UTC.


Cyprus offers one of the most efficient telecommunication systems in the world, with the following services:
- Fully automatic 24-hour direct dial telephone connection with most countries – all other countries can be reached through the operator.
- Telegraph service connection with every part of the world.
- International automatic telex and facsimile service.
- Datel service for the transmission of computer data both nationally and internationally over the public telephone network.
- ISDN and ADSL connections for internet service.
- Radiotelegraph and radiotelephone services with ships at sea on a 24 hour basis.
- Automatic telex for ships through the Marisat Service (maritime service through satellite).
- TV transmission and reception on a 24 hour basis available to news agencies and television and radio networks through the Makarios satellite earth station.
- International courier service including Datapost operated by the Cyprus Department of Postal Services, DHL, Federal Express, Skypak, and Tradewinds Express, all delivering parcels to Europe and the US within 48 hours from time of collection.
Follow the links below to go to the relevant section:
(updated 1st quarter 2006)
Contact one of our officers to initiate the incorporation of a Cyprus registered company and start reaping the full benefits of an onshore, low-tax, EU jurisdiction. Simply fill in the contact box below or contact us by email on email@example.com


global connectivity solutions
Keepgo develops global connectivity solutions for IoT (Internet of Things) and broadband devices.
The Company solutions utilize physical SIM cards as well as several remote SIM card specifications such as GSMA eSIM, EzFi vSIM, Open Source Blockchain-based spec and others.
Keepgo is an official partner of AT&T, Telefonica, T-mobile and Vodafone.
Keepgo has connected hundreds of thousands of devices to 500 cellular networks in 150 countries. The Company products are used in travel, home broadband, smartwatch, GPS tracker, smart bag, smart wearables, automotive and other markets.
Founded in 2009, Keepgo has branches in the USA, the Netherlands and Israel.


Home › Forums › Software & Tools › Low Altitude Aerial Photography › Reply To: Low Altitude Aerial Photography
July 1, 2015 at 5:49 am #913
Thanks to new technology such as “drone” that is effective for any kinds of video and filming. We have been doing great in all our video coverage since this technology started. Also, we have been been in contract for the service of http://www.debbieirwin.com/ that makes the video film narrations and voice overs for our commercial videos. The aerial photography even more useful, effective and very compact and easy to use just by using remote access from the ground for the drone to work.


Most containerized applications need some form of communication with other network devices and applications. This is where container networking concepts play an important role. In this blog, we will tell you everything you need to know about container networking and how to get started on it.
We will be covering most of the container networking concepts on Docker, as it is one of the most common platforms for running containers. But these concepts will be similar across many container platforms.
Let’s start by understanding the type of networking options available in Docker and the difference between them.
Types of Container Networking
Docker containers connect to other devices in the network via the host. This is done by creating a layer of software-defined network (SDN) over the host. Other devices do not even need to know that they are connected to a Docker container.
The networked devices can be on any platform and host. There is no special setup needed to network Docker containers across Linux, Mac, or Windows systems.
Below are the types of networks that can be set in a Docker container:
Docker creates a default bridge network named docker0 when it is installed. Every container is part of this bridge network unless otherwise specified. This is a virtual Ethernet bridge that can send packets across all the devices in the network.
Docker also creates two other networks called host and none.
“host” ensures that there is no isolation between the host and the containers within it. So for the outside world, all of them are on the same network.
“none” ensures that the containers attached to the bridge run a container-specific network stack.
All containers on a host are connected to each other on this internal network. All containers are added to the namespace of the host. This assigns a private IP address/subnet to the bridge.
If you wish to communicate with any of the containers on the bridge network from the outside world, you will need to do port mapping with the host.
For example, say a web service container running on port 80 needs to be accessed from the outside world. For this, a free port on the host, say 8080 for example, needs to be mapped to port 80 of the container.
You can also create your own bridge network with a “docker network create” command.
-d flag tells the kind of network driver to use while creating the custom network. In this case, it is a “bridge” network with the name “my_bridge”. You can list all the networks on the host with the “docker network ls” command.
To attach the container to your custom bridge network instead of default “docker0”, run the below command when you start the container:
Our network would now look like this:
“veth” means virtual ethernet.
If you wish to connect a running container to a new bridge network, you can do that by “docker network connect” command.
For example, if you wish to connect the container “web” to the new bridge network “my_bridge”.
With this, our network would now have the container web connected to two bridge networks: docker0 and my_bridge.
If you wish to read more about bridge networking, you can read in the Docker documentation.
As discussed in the previous section, Docker creates a “host” network which helps make the container and host seen as the same device for the outside world. This makes it easy to communicate with all the network devices.
While the host network driver allows no isolation between the host and container from a networking standpoint, it also allows for isolation for storage, process namespace, and user namespace.
For example, say you want to connect your Nginx container to the host machine port to access it directly from the host machine’s IP address. Assuming port 80 (nginx’s default port) is free on host, the following command will remove the container-host isolation:
–rm option makes Docker remove the container once it stops.
-d flag is to run the container in detached format.
–network mentions the kind of network being set up.
my_nginx is the local name given to the nginx container.
This command will enable you to access Nginx on the host with http://localhost:80/
You can read more about host networking in Docker’s documentation.
Docker has a container orchestration service called Docker Swarm. In this setup, multiple containers (called workers) are managed by a central manager container. This allows you to create, manage and destroy containers automatically as per the resource requirements.
With an overlay network, you can connect multiple docker daemons and allow swarm services to communicate with each other. It creates a distributed network that sits on top of host-specific networks.
Similar to bridge networks, you can create your own custom overlay network with “docker network create” command.
The above command would create an overlay network named pets-overlay with an encrypted communication channel. Next, we need to attach docker containers to the network.
The above two commands will help deploy a web application on port 8000 across multiple hosts and using a Redis database. Docker swarm helps load balance the traffic to be able to scale quickly.
You can read more about overlay networks from the Docker documentation.
IPvlan drivers are used when you want complete control over IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. The network driver gives total control of layer 2 VLAN tagging and IPvlan L3 routing for underlay network integration.
IPvlan requires Linux kernel v4.2+. Let’s us see an example of IPvlan L2 mode.
The above “docker network create” command sets a L2 IPvlan and uses the host’s interface network as a –subnet. The default mode for IPvlan is L2. –gateway uses the first usable address in the network as the gateway.
In the above example, since the subnet is 192.168.1.0/24, the gateway is its first usable address i.e., 192.168.1.1.
Architecturally, the network would look something like this:
You can learn more about IPvlan networking from Docker documentation.
Macvlan network driver allows assigning a MAC address to a container. This helps in making the container look like a physical device in a network. Some of the legacy applications require a direct connection to the physical network rather than being routed through the Docker host’s network stack.
With a macvlan network, the Docker host accepts requests for multiple MAC addresses on its IP address and then routes them to appropriate containers. Macvlan networks only work with Linux hosts with kernel v4.0+.
There are two ways to set up a macvlan network: bridged macvlan network or 802.1q trunked macvlan network.
Let us see an example of creating a macvlan bridged network:
The above command will create a bridge macvlan with the name my-macvlan-net. To see if the command ran successfully, you can run a “docker network ls” command to see the list of networks.
You can also run a “docker network inspect my-macvlan-net” command to verify the newly created macvlan network.
If you wish to learn more about the Macvlan network, check out the Docker documentation.
How to Disable networking in a container
There are occasions when you may wish to disable all networking in a container. You can do so with the option “–network none” in the docker command. Here is a sample command to create a container with networking disabled.
–rm option ensures the container is removed when it is stopped.
Using third-party network plugins
Docker also allows you to create your own custom network plugin. Some of the popular ones include Contiv, Kuryr, and Weave network plugins. Make sure you look at the vendor’s documentation before installing any of them.
You can read more about network plugins in Docker here.
Useful Docker networking commands
Let us now see some of the useful commands that you will need to get around with Docker networking. Some of these you have already seen in the previous sections. All commands discussed here are child commands of the “docker network” command.
docker network ls
List all the networks available in the Docker ecosystem. ls command has many options, but a simple command will show a result similar to this:
docker network create
This command helps create a new custom network in the docker ecosystem.
The above command will create a bridge network named my-bridge-network.
docker network connect
This command helps connect a container to any existing network in Docker ecosystem. The below command will connect container1 to a network to a network named multi-host-network.
docker network disconnect
Use this command to disconnect a container from a network. Continuing our previous example, the below command will disconnect container1 from multi-host-network.
docker network inspect
This command helps get detailed information on any network in JSON format.
docker network prune
The prune command helps remove all unused networks. By unused, we mean any network that is not being used by even one container.
docker network rm
If you wish to remove just one network from the Docker ecosystem, rm command is of use. For example, below command will remove the network my-network.
Here is a summary of the basic networking commands we discussed:
Taikun: Automate Container management
Now that you understand the basics of container networking, you will inevitably also need a tool to manage multiple containers deployed across your infrastructure. This is called Container orchestration. Taikun provides a singular intuitive dashboard to manage containers in your network deployed across any private, public, or hybrid cloud.
It supports all major cloud services like Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and RedHat Open Shift.


The Nanning Joint Emergency Response System went into formal operation in May 2002 after a period of experimental operation in 2001. Taking advantage of integrated digital and Internet technology, the system incorporates all of the formerly separate social emergency management services into a comprehensive integrated command and control system by connecting the 110 police emergency service, the 119 fire alarm service, the 120 medical emergency service, the 122 transportation emergency service and 12345 Mayor's hotline service. At present, Nanning city is planning to develop the Joint Emergency Response System into a comprehensive system for emergency response social service. In addition to the emergency response system which is now in operation, the city is currently experimenting with a non-emergency service system. It also plans to develop a joined station in 2004 for dealing with major accidents and disasters.
The Nanning Joint Emergency Response System is the first emergency management system developed in China by integrating the emergency management models from developed countries with practical conditions of our country. Differing from the emergency management systems in other cities in China, Nanning emergency management system combines different separately-operated emergency services of 110, 119, 120 and 122 emergency services, and provides unified emergency reporting, management, and control, and joint emergency response.
The operation of the Nanning Joint Emergency Response System has drawn wide attention from various sectors of society. Many visitors have come to study and examine the system, including national and Party leaders, delegations from relevant central government commissions, ministries, and bureaus, delegations from Hong Kong Special Administration Region, many local government leaders, and foreign delegations from European Union, the United States of America, and Vietnam.


The Importance of Air Gapped Devices in Today's Digital World
In today's digital world, where cyber threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated, air gapped devices have become a crucial tool for protecting sensitive information. An air gapped device is a computer or other electronic device that is physically isolated from unsecured networks and the internet. This means that it cannot be accessed remotely by hackers or malware. Air gapped devices are commonly used for storing classified government information, financial data, and other sensitive materials. In this article, we will explore the importance of air gapped devices and why they are necessary in today's world.
What is Air Gapped?
At its most basic level, air gapping is the process of isolating a computer or other electronic device from untrusted networks and the internet. This is done by using physical barriers such as firewalls, routers, and other security measures. Air gapped devices are also known as “air gaps” because they create an impenetrable physical barrier between the device and any external networks.
Why is Air Gapped Important?
The use of air gapped devices is becoming increasingly important in today's digital world. Cybersecurity threats are constantly evolving, with new methods of attack being developed every day. As a result, it is crucial to have a secure environment that is isolated from external networks.
Types of Air Gapped
There are several different types of air gapped devices, each with its own distinct advantages.
1. Standalone Systems:
Standalone systems are computers that have been air gapped and are not connected to any external networks. This type of device is ideal for storing confidential information as it cannot be infected by malicious software or accessed remotely.
2. Intranet Systems:
Intranet systems are devices that are connected to a local network but are still isolated from the internet. This type of air gap is useful for businesses and organizations that need to securely share information between employees without risking exposure to external threats.
3. Virtual Air Gapped Systems:
Virtual air gapped systems are computers or networks that are connected to the internet but have been configured with strict security measures that prevent remote access. These systems are often used for storing and transferring sensitive data, such as financial information or private customer records.
4. Air Gapped Networks:
Air gapped networks are a type of isolated network that allows for secure communication between computers and other devices. This type of air gap is often used for military, government, or corporate networks to ensure the security of data within the organization.
Pros and Cons of Each Type of Air Gapped System
Each type of air gapped system has its own set of advantages and disadvantages.
- Standalone systems provide the highest level of security as they are completely isolated from external networks.
- Intranet systems allow for secure data sharing between users without exposing the information to outside threats.
- Virtual air gapped systems provide the convenience of internet access while still maintaining a secure environment.
- Air gapped networks can be used to securely communicate between computers and other devices within an organization.
- Standalone systems may lack features that are available on other types of computers, such as the ability to install applications or use cloud storage.
- Intranet systems may be vulnerable to internal threats, such as malicious employees.
- Virtual air gapped systems can be less secure than other types of air gaps as they are still connected to the internet.
- Air gapped networks may be difficult to maintain and configure due to their complexity.
8 Best Ways to Air Gapped Any Device
1. Use a Firewall:
A firewall is an essential security measure that should be used to protect any air gapped device.
2. Secure the Physical Environment:
To ensure the security of an air gapped device, it’s important to secure the physical environment in which it resides. This includes locks on doors and windows, as well as physical barriers, such as walls or cages.
3. Use Access Control Systems:
Access control systems are an effective way to restrict access to an air gapped device and can be used to regulate who is allowed to view or modify the device’s data.
4. Install Anti-Virus Software:
Anti-virus software should be installed on any air gapped device to protect against malicious programs and malware.
5. Encrypt Data:
All data stored on an air gapped device should be encrypted using a strong encryption algorithm, such as AES 256 or RSA 2048.
6. Implement Intrusion Detection Systems:
Intrusion detection systems are a useful security measure that can be used to detect any suspicious activity on an air gapped device.
7. Monitor Networks and Accounts:
The network traffic and accounts associated with an air gapped device should be closely monitored for any unauthorized access or suspicious activity.
8. Implement Multi-Factor Authentication:
Multi-factor authentication is a security measure that requires users to provide two or more pieces of evidence when logging in. This can help prevent unauthorized access to an air gapped device.
Air gapped systems are a secure way to store and transmit sensitive data. There are several different types of air gapped systems, each with its own pros and cons. To ensure the security of an air gapped system, it is important to implement the best security practices. This includes using firewalls, securing the physical environment, using access control systems, and implementing multi-factor authentication. With the right security measures in place, air gapped systems provide an effective way to protect sensitive data.
1. What is an air gapped system?
An air gapped system is a computer or network that has been isolated from all other networks and external devices. This ensures that the data stored on the device or network cannot be accessed by unauthorized users or malicious programs.
2. What are the benefits of using an air gapped system?
The main benefit of using an air gapped system is that it provides a secure environment for storing and transmitting data. Air gapped systems also allow for secure data sharing between users without exposing the information to outside threats.
3. What are the disadvantages of using an air gapped system?
The main disadvantage of using an air gapped system is that it can be difficult to maintain and configure. Additionally, standalone systems may lack features that are available on other types of computers, such as the ability to install applications or use cloud storage.
4. What are the best ways to secure an air gapped system?
The best ways to secure an air gapped system include using a firewall, securing the physical environment, using access control systems, installing anti-virus software, encrypting data, implementing intrusion detection systems, monitoring networks and accounts, and implementing multi-factor authentication.
5. Is an air gapped system vulnerable to cyber-attacks?
Air gapped systems are not immune to cyber-attacks; however, they can be secured using the best security practices. By implementing the right measures, air gapped systems provide an effective way to store and transmit sensitive data without exposing it to outside threats.


XBee RF Modules
xBee modules are radio frequency (RF) transceivers: they're modules capable of sending and receiving data wirelessly between them using an standard communication protocol called ZigBee. The advantage of xBee's is that you don't need to understand the communication protocol to take advantage of there capabilities, you just branch the module to the RX TX pins in the Wiring board and you're ready to go.
They are mainly used to connect "PC like" modules and "microcontroller-like" modules. We are mainly using XBee Pro S2B modules.
To begin you can follow this example: http://wiki.wiring.co/wiki/XBee
Since you are probably using your xbee in the lab you will probably notice that there are some interferences with WIFIs. If you have this kind of problem follow this: http://www.digi.com/wiki/developer/index.php/Channels,_Zigbee
If your XBee project is still not working, here’s some common mistakes that both beginners and experts make:
- Not using the latest firmware (especially if ATD0 or ATIR is giving an error)* - No reference voltage to VREF pin on the 802.15.4 radios (analog and digital reads give wrong values) - Forgetting that AT commands use hexadecimals - Hitting return after +++ (or otherwise not respecting 1 second default guard time) - Conversely, _not_ hitting return after an AT command - Letting the XBee time out of command mode before issuing an AT command (you’ll know because you get no response) - Forgetting to write the configuration to firmware with ATWR (unless your application configures the radio interactively) - Not using ATRE (restore factory defaults) before re-configuring a previously used radio (previous settings lurk unless you manually reset them all) - Looking for analog output on the analog input pins instead of pins 6 and 7 (P0, P1) - Using a voltage regulator without decoupling capacitors (10uF on input, 1uF on output is good) - Mixing up TX and RX pins (fastest way to check this is switch the wires and see if it starts working) - Using ZigBee version (ZB Pro or ZNet 2.5) when 802.15.4 version would do just fine (if you don’t need to make a mesh network) - Trying to read more than 1.2 Volts on the ZB Pro and ZNet 2.5 analog inputs (that’s the limit) - Buying Pro radios when you don’t need them. (Cost more, bigger, use a lot more battery) - Deciding the XBees are flaky. (You may not be using them correctly, but they are very reliable) - Deciding an XBee is burned out when it’s set to a different baud rate (check ON and ASSC lights) - Deciding an XBee is burned out when it is just sleeping (Check ON light to see if it blinks occasionally) - Forgetting to supply power or ground (ON light may go on and ASSC light may blink but both will be significantly dimmer) - Not contacting Digi sooner for support, especially if your radio seems dead or you keep getting an error you don’t understand.
XBee Arduino Mistakes
- Sending continuously without any delay (try 10ms delay) - Not removing RX and TX connections before uploading code (Arduino will give an error) - Not removing RX connection when reseting, if you are continuously receiving data. (Arduino will never reset)
XBee LilyPad Mistakes
- Hooking up more than 4 Volts to the 3.3V pin - Using switches without pull-down resistors (but not if you use the internal pull-ups) - Not using a pull-up or pull-down resistor on pins 5 and 7 (these don’t have internal pull-ups at all) - Using sensors without voltage divider resistors (if your sensor needs that circuit) - Using too-resistive conductive thread for power and ground (try fabric or wires)
- Windows and X-CTU are required for firmware upgrades


Wireless Video Security Systems
Colline Integrated Security Services offers a variety of wireless video closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems that provide our customers with the best surveillance and security available in the market. This technology offers the convenience of wireless video recording, eliminating the need to run wiring through facilities or properties.
Wireless Video Security System Installation & Repair
Wireless video solutions allow for maximum security without the hassle of running or installing wires. These systems come with a transmitter and a receiver, which allow users to view real-time video footage from virtually any device.
Colline Integrated Security Services provides repair services and installs the following wireless video solutions for your business:
- Videocomm Technologies - VideoComm, a market leader in wireless video transmission technologies, creates top shelf security solutions. Its product systems can either serve a single camera over a few feet, all the way up to multi-camera systems covering large areas.
- EnGenius Tech - With its Neutron, Electron, and Personal Cloud series, EnGenius Tech provides customers with top of the line wireless video solutions for home or business.
- AvaLAN Wireless - AvaLAN carries all wireless products for tech-savy consumers. It provides everything from digital signage devices to access control devices. Its wireless video solution products are considered to be top of the line by users.


Hello guys Here is an article relates to our telecom technology. Now in India Reliance Jio grow with a bullet speed in India and gives a revolutionary growth in telecom sector with 4G. Now guys ready for 5G. Soon we will get a very fast speed in our hand and connect world in a fraction of second.
The country’s largest telecom operator, Bharti Airtel, has inked a pact with Ericsson under which the Swedish telecom equipment maker will help the company prepare the road map for 5G services.
Ericsson’s head of market area (South East Asia, Oceania and India) Nunzio Mirtillo said the gear maker has signed MoUs with 36 telecom operators globally, including with Bharti in India, for 5G. Without divulging details of the agreement, Mirtillo said under the pact Ericsson will work with Bharti on developing the road map for network operations and supporting services related to 5G. The domestic market leader already has an agreement with Nokia for working on 5G services.
Bharti works on an outsourcing business model where it signs long-term strategic partnerships in areas such as network equipment, IT and call centres. The operator partners with global vendors and companies for co-creating tailor made solutions. Its strategic partners include Ericsson, Nokia Siemens Networks, Huawei, Cisco, IBM and Avaya.
On opportunities presented by 5G, Ericsson India’s managing director Nitin Bansal said the technology will open up new revenue streams for operators as they go beyond from connectivity and infrastructure providers to become service enablers and service creators. According to the telecom gear maker’s 5G business potential report, 5G will enable a $27-billion revenue opportunity for Indian telecom operators by 2026, with the largest opportunity coming in sectors like manufacturing, energy and utilities, followed by public safety and health sectors. This will be over and above the revenue generated from traditional services, which is expected to grow up to $63 billion by 2026.


Avast SecureLine VPN is a wonderful piece of technology that allows visitors to get connected to the internet no matter where they may be located. The application is created to circumvent geographical obstacles and is extremely effective in this regard. Almost any connection https://digitalzii.net that uses a modem has the ability to be customized and used for VPN which makes it a very attractive solution. The machine does not hinder the normal working of your computer and as such would not interfere with programs or documents on your computer. This gives the user an unparalleled experience and makes sure that he or she can get connected right from any part of the world when.
One of the best features of the scoreline software is their use of this license key. This really is a type of distributed secret code that allows a group of pcs to function as you big network. This network is able to function the same as the Internet, which can be something that most people know all too very well. The license key that actually works with the Avast software includes a number of benefits that let users to have an uninterrupted experience even when they may be on the move.
The instant you download the application, you are going to receive recommendations on how to change the secureline on your computer. You are able to either change the network by connecting to the same IP address that you used when you purchased the technology or you can opt to use a different Internet protocol address if you favor. In either case, the important thing is that you can actually connect to your network if you want and stay linked for so long as you like if you have Access to the internet. This feature makes VPN a truly superb technology for anybody looking for one of the most reliable way to surf the Internet and never having to worry about some other interruptions.


Communication is essential in any business. You need to effectively keep in touch with a range of people. These range from suppliers and employees to clients and other businesses.
For an office-based company or part of an enterprise based in offices, communication systems need to be up to date. You should be able to make the most of them, from phones to email and online conferencing tools.
The good news is that technological improvements have made things a lot easier for us. There are so many things you can do now. You’re no longer limited to a range of basic tasks such as sending an email or making a simple phone call. But with these new technologies come some challenges. That’s why you need the right techniques in order to get the best from your communication systems.
In this article I will be sharing with you a few techniques that will help you improve the communications systems in your office.
Then, let’s roll…
How to Improve Your Office Communication Systems
1. Use An IP-Based Phone System
Many small businesses can benefit from using VoIP and other IP-based telephone systems. With a phone system hooked up to the internet, you can use a range of functions that you wouldn't have had access to in the past. It can help to improve communication with employees and with clients and customers. For example, you could automatically call all your staff members one by one to find someone to cover a shift. They only need to input a number to confirm they can come in, so no one needs to waste their time making phone calls. You can make phone calls much cheaper too, and even free in some cases.
2. Go Beyond Email
Email is still a cornerstone of office communication. We use it to contact people both within and outside of the office, and it's an excellent way of having a record of a conversation. But it's not the only way to communicate with others online. Sometimes you might want something more instant, such as a messaging service. There are collaborative tools that make working together easier and are superior to emailing documents back and forth. Then there are methods to improve customer service, such as using social media. Many people prefer to tweet a company than to send them an email for a quick question.
3. Don't Discount Fax
Although office communication has evolved, fax is still essential to many businesses. Faxing is universal and accepted all over the world. There are many benefits to using fax, ranging from security to creating legally binding documents. People have been using faxing to send documents for years, but you no longer need a fax machine to do it. You can use a service such as eFax to send fax online, without any hardware or software. You can receive faxes in the same way too, having them land in your email inbox.
4. Use Online Conference Tools
Meetings often necessitate communicating with people across the country or even the globe. You don't always want to meet in person, so speaking over the phone or a video link is necessary. You can find lots of useful conferencing tools, both in terms of software and online services and hardware. If you have regular meetings, make sure you have the right equipment to hold them. You don't want to contend with shaky connections and audio or visual problems.
There’s no gain saying that the right communication systems in your office can improve efficiency and relations with both employees and clients. The above simple techniques can greatly impact your office communications. I invite therefore to take a look at your communication systems today to see how you can improve them using these techniques.


Website and Server Hosting Data Centres
A Data Centre is, by definition, a facility used to house computer systems and associated components. As a web hosting business, T3 Webdesign has a number of Data Centres around South Africa and in Germany which house shared and dedicated servers used to host our website(s) as well as the various components which ensure these servers run smoothly.
Currently T3 Webdesign offers:
- Website Hosting
- Firewall Service
- Email Mail Scanner
T3 Webdesign’s Network Connections in SA
T3 Webdesign provides a resilient and redundant network infrastructure which allows for maximum uptime. Our substantial bandwidth capacity allows us to accommodate spikes in traffic, reducing the chance of customers experiencing network degradation.
Our cable routers are connected via fibre optic cables to MTN Business' backbone from where we have uncapped access to MTN Business' local and international network. Our Data Centres are connected to MTN Business via a 1GBit uplink. A second, redundant fibre optic cable follows a different path.
All of T3 Webdesign's network connections to MTN Business are protected from router failure by a pair of routers on both T3 Webdesign and MTN Business' ends of the links running in active/passive failover mode.
Technicians and Support
All critical systems (UPS, air conditioning, temperature ranges, managed servers etc.) are monitored 24/7/365 with notification via email and SMS to more than one support staff member. All servers in our Data Centres are installed and monitored by qualified technicians, minimising the risk of error or failure.
Whether you are a small business with a basic brochure-ware website, or a large organisation requiring a multiple tier website hosting solution with database functionality, we can assist you.
Please have a look at our website hosting packages below:
Feel free to contact us today to discuss your web hosting requirements.


NEM in Leicester offers the complete package to meet all IT requirements, from Cabling Voice, Fibre, Cat5e and Cat6 to active equipment such as Hubs, Switches, Routers and a Full PBX Telephone System. We offer impartial advice on the best IT solutions for individual clients, providing information on the shortcomings, costs and other factors in a field that can be a complex one to understand.
A structured cabling system provides a universal platform for an overall IT design and installation that can support multiple voice, data, video and multimedia systems, regardless of their manufacture.
We have been successfully installing structured network cabling and data cabling solutions for many years now. We have vast experience of Cat5e, Cat6 and Cat7 solutions for a wide range of clients covering all market sectors.


Cisco 350X Series Stackable Managed Switches
The Cisco 350X Series Stackable Managed Switches are a new line of stackable managed Ethernet switches that provide the rich capabilities you need to support a more demanding network environment at a very affordable price. The SG350X models provide 8 to 48 ports of Gigabit and Multigigabit Ethernet connectivity with 10 Gigabit Ethernet uplinks. The SX350X models provide 8, 12, 24, or 48 ports of 10 Gigabit Ethernet, providing a solid foundation and more than enough bandwidth for your business applications today and in the future. These switches are easy to deploy and manage without a large IT staff.


When it comes to commercial electrical systems you need a commercial electrical design engineer that knows the value of sound planning, clear schematics and open communication. We have years of experience in electrical consultancy across a range of commercial projects, from office lighting and fire detection systems, to low voltage power distribution for final circuit equipment. Our design build delivery method means we can act as commercial electrical installation contractors, simplifying the channels of communication for the client .Lighting improvements have been shown to increase worker productivity as well as making workers feel better about their surroundings. Low and uneven lighting distorts the appearance of the work-place giving the space a gloomy appearance. Proper lighting also leads to a safer work area. Dim, shadowy work surfaces are prime candidates for worker accidents. In addition to productivity and safety, adequate lighting offers the added benefit of reduction in lighting power and hours of use, resulting in cost savings.


Cities, towns and communities
The systems blend harmoniously into your city environment with aesthetic details that make the difference. Choose the right communication solution for your urban space.
Be a city of the future.
Whatever the size of your town or your agglomeration, we have digital solutions adapted to your needs and your budget. Modernise, ease communication, inform and alert quickly.
Choose monochrome or colour LED screens which are modern and connected, so that you can broadcast all your local information.
Move on from being a “city” to being a “smart city” using the new digital media.


Eligible individuals can obtain fixed broadband Internet at a lower price than usual through the newly announced Pakej Perpaduan. As revealed by Communications and Digital Minister Fahmi Fadzil yesterday, the package will be made available this coming March for those that are under B40 income group as well as veterans, disabled persons (OKU) and senior citizens.
Priced at RM69 per month, the new Pakej Perpaduan provides 30Mbps with unlimited data. The package does come with a 24-month contract which is a standard practice in the industry.
Fahmi noted that the package will be available from major Internet Service Providers (ISPs) out there including Astro, CelcomDigi, Maxis, Time Internet, TM, U Mobile, and YTL Communications (Yes). As a comparison, here is the current price of the base fixed wired and wireless broadband Internet packages that are being offered by each of these telcos:
Astro Fibre 50Mbps: RM99
Celcom Home Fibre 30Mbps: RM80
Celcom Home Wireless 4G: RM100 with 100GB quota
Digi Home Fibre 50Mbps: RM90
Maxis Home Fibre 30Mbps: RM89
Maxis Home 4G WiFi: RM138 with unlimited data
Time Fibre Home 100Mbps: RM99
TM Unifi Home 30Mbps: RM89
TM Unifi Air: RM79 with unlimited data
U Mobile Home Fibre 100Mbps: RM129
YTL Yes 5G Wireless Fibre 120Mbps: RM148 with unlimited 5G & 150GB 4G data
*Digi and U Mobile wireless broadband plan focused on mobile Wi-Fi instead of home installation. Their pricing starts at RM45 and RM48, respectively.
In general, the new Pakaj Perpaduan provides between 13% to 22% savings per month as opposed to the existing 30Mbps fibre plans. When compared to wireless broadband plans, the savings can be as high as 53%.
While Fahmi’s announcement did not mention fixed wireless plans but then again, YTL who is a wireless-only ISP made its way into the list. Not only that, there are still many areas out there that have not yet been covered by fibre which is why we also include home wireless broadband packages in the above price reference list.
The post Pakej Perpaduan For Fixed Broadband To Provide 30Mbps At RM69 Per Month appeared first on Lowyat.NET.


Ultra-Wideband Radio Frequency Identification Systems (Information Technology: Transmission, Processing and Storage) by Faranak Nekoogar, Farid Dowla
- 1824 downloads at 21 mb/s
Ultra-wideband Radio Frequency Identification Systems describes the essentials of radio frequency identification (RFID)systems as well as their target markets. The book covers a study of commercially available RFID systems and characterizes their performance in terms of read range and reliability in the presence of conductive and dielectric materials. The capabilities and limitations of commercial RFID systems are reported followed by comprehensive discussions of the advantages and challenges of using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for tag/reader communications. The book presents practical aspects of RFID system such as: EPC global and ISO standards, implementation, and target markets in a simple and easy to understand language.


MVTec, a leading manufacturer of standard machine vision software, will launch HALCON 12 at the Vision Show, Stuttgart next month. The new version of its flagship product HALCON offers many improvements where hardware support is concerned, as well as an optimised programming environment. These new features will benefit developers of machine vision solutions as well as the applications themselves by boosting performance. The release also sets new standards of performance and usability in machine vision technology due to more robust 3D vision processes, improved optical character recognition (OCR), optimized sample-based identification (SBI), and an easier to use camera calibration.
Multipix Imaging, the UK distributor for HALCON Imaging Software will introduce the latest version to their existing users on 4th December at the Old Thorns Conference Centre.
Here’s one area that HALCON 12 will improve upon:
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) applications with a new technology for automatic text reading.
Characters of any size are found robustly, in most cases, without the need to adjust parameters. The new technology has an impressive capability to distinguish characters from background texture even under challenging conditions, such as distorted characters. Together with HALCON’s classification techniques, the new text segmentation technology is the key to reliable OCR.


EmNet's Real Time Intelligence and Optimization technology helps utilities maximize existing and planned resources to minimize overflows and save money. EmNet connects the dots between your IT systems and physical infrastructure to visualize, understand and improve collection system operation.
EmNet's objective-driven design uses the best technologies available to acquire and collect critical information. EmNet's expertise in designing and building custom real time monitoring systems for long-term and permanent deployments is based on a multi-disciplinary effort. In order to achieve this, EmNet utilizes the latest technologies in wireless systems, battery power management, material sciences, and systems integration.
EmNet's Real Time Analysis integrates real time monitoring data with hydraulic and hydrological models to deliver not just numbers, but insight. EmNet's data analysis engines are capable of concentrating and processing hundreds of data streams from real time monitoring systems and providing the means to simultaneously analyze the information in an intuitive and effective manner.
Real Time Control Optimization makes the collection system able to intelligently and dynamically adapt to changing storm conditions. Real Time Control Optimization takes advantage of the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall to dynamically adapt the collection system in order to maximize storage and conveyance.


Distributed Multi-Agent Area Exploration
- Start Date: 01/01/15
- End Date: -
- Guide: Kamalakar Karlapalem
- Students Involved: Ayush Datta, Rahul Tallamraju
- Goal:To explore a distributed, cooperative path planning technique for multiple drones (∼200) to explore an unknown region (∼10,000 connected units) in the presence of obstacles.
We propose a distributed, cooperative path planning technique for multiple drones (∼200) to explore an unknown region (∼10,000 connected units) in the presence of obstacles. The map of an unknown region is dynami- cally created based on the information obtained from sen- sors and other drones. The unknown region is considered as connected region split up into hexagonal unit regions. We use two types of communication, one long range and another more frequently used short range communication. The short range communication within drones in smaller proximity helps avoiding obstacles and re-exploration of cells already explored by companion drones located in same sub- area. The long range communication helps in deciding opti- mal next sub area to be targeted by individual drones based weighted RNN (Reverse nearest neighbour). Simulation results show that two types of communication in a weighted hexagonal representation of subareas makes exploration more efficient, scalable and more resilient to communication failure and drone failure/malfunctioning.IROS paper


Corona discharge also called corona effect or partial discharge is a key unwanted side effect to be considered by powergrid companies. Indeed this phenomena of unwanted electrical discharges can have several impacts : short term impacts as some waste of energy along the network as well as more harmful long term consequences like network breakdowns occasioning strong economical impacts. Energy conservation is now a key stake for governments. To support it powergrid companies are investing in their operations and maintenance activities in order to keep a modern and efficient network.
Corona dicharge detection is a predictive inspection method used by grid maintenance teams, electrical test engineers maintaining and inspecting high voltage equipment. The network is inspected by helicopter, drone or through manual inspection using some handheld devices. These detection methods are enabling maintenance teams to localize the partial discharges through the whole grid including transmission lines as well as l substations from 5000 Volts.
Different methodologies for detections are available : acoustic detection, thermal detection (IR) and Ultraviolet (UV) detection. UV detection or UV imaging technology is the only technique able to provide to techniciens a direct image of the discharge by using the UV spectrum (100nm ~ 400nm) to detect the discharges.Within UV detection, solar blind UV detection remains the most promissing technique. The solar blind UV detection is using high sensitive and compact UV cameras to detect very specific parts of the wavelength from (200nm~280nm) not reacheable by using any other detection methods.
Photonis offers a range of UV cameras to OEMs and integrators (drone companies, detection devices manufacturers) that can help to reach these levels of sensitivity while keeping a compact product with a low weight.
Photonis UV cameras are using the combination of an ultra sensitive image intensifier tube coupled with one of the best performance low light cameras in the market. Thanks to its expertise in electro optics and in the coupling of components, Photonis is able to propose to OEMs a cost effective plug and play solution; coupling is done and all the related production challenges are gone for integrators.


Top Stories: Waverly Conserved, $19.6 Contract for Warrenton Interchange
Rappahannock News (02/20/18)
“In the complex world of internet service in Rappahannock County, many residents not served by cable or satellite receive broadband transmissions through providers such as Amissville-based Piedmont Broadband. These providers use line of sight radio transmissions that require equipment to be installed and operated from hilltops around the county. From these access points, radio transmissions bounce into hollows and other lower areas, allowing internet connections.”
The post Top Stories: Waverly Conserved, $19.6 Contract for Warrenton Interchange appeared first on Piedmont Environmental Council.


In this thread we will post information about antenna theory, and it's relationship to coils. I will share what I have learned about this topic, and would appreciate the input from other members, as some have advanced knowledge in this area.
So, let’s talk about antennas and coils. Teslacoils will be used as example, because they are excellent E-field antennas.
Most of all antennas used in broadcasting, and Rf transmission are E-field antennas in contrast to the B-field antenna or magnetic loop antenna. The principal layout difference is that E-field antennas have usually at least one open ended conductor or rod (but not always...) The B-field antennas always are built as a closed loop, because current flow is needed for transmitting or receiving the magnetic field of a signal. In most applications these antenna loops are tuned with a capacitor, using an LC(R) circuit. But also a coil without external capacitor can be a loop antenna using it's own interwinding capacitance. In some cases, a high permeability ferrite rod is placed inside the magnetic loop, in order to concentrate the weak magnetic field of the RF signal. This is the case for example in the long wave or mid wave range radio receivers. We will come back to this later in more detail, and focus first at the E-field antennas and their properties.
In the image below you can see a drawing of a Marconi antenna, which is a typical quarter wave E-field antenna:
The graphs showing approximate distribution of current and voltage. At the top section of the rod the voltage is at maximum when in resonance. The current is at maximum at the feeding point on the bottom and at the ground connection of the feeding wire. If we would replace the strait rod with ʎ/4 length by a solenoid with the same length, which sometimes is done(partially) because the extended rod could be very large in lower frequency ranges, then we still would have a functional antenna with the same resonant frequency. Although the performance would decrease some compared with the extended version. Despite that this kind of antennas can have a significant current flow on the feeding point, the produced magnetic field is negligible, due to the small inductance, and the cube of distance law applying for magnetic fields. They are transmitting and receiving by resonant coupling thru the E-field.
In the next image you can see a schematic of a typical grounded λ/4 Teslacoil, which is much the same, except that the feeding is done by transformer coupling and a primary coil. By the way some radio transmitters use similar technique:
The red graph shows the distribution of the E-field, the B-field would be inverted with the maximum at the bottom.
Now imagine what would happen if we remove the ground connection from this teslacoil. The pattern of the E-field would change completely, and provided that the same L2 wirelength remains, the resonant frequency will double. Or we can use an L2 of twice the length, maintaining the same resonant frequency. But now we have a λ/2 TC.
And an antenna corresponding to this wave pattern would look like this:
Note that the graphs of the E-fields in all cases only represents the energy level of the fields, disregarding the polarity, which obviously is changing at the rate of it's operating frequency.
So, a half-wave TC can not be grounded? It can, of course. We could add to this very same layout a centre-tap to L2 and connect it to ground without changing the field pattern.
Or we can connect the two open ends to ground, which would invert the pattern of the E-field, like illustrated in the next image:
This is by the way an example of a closed loop E-field antenna. If needed an aerial could be connected to a centre-tap, where the maximum of the E-field appears.


Closed Circuit Television or CCTV
CCTV stands for closed-circuit TV. It is an electronic system composed of a video camera which transmits signals to specific receiver monitors. The term CCTV can be applied to most video cameras, however it is most often used in surveillance areas that are in critical need of monitoring. These may include banks, military installations, airports, casinos, Hotel, supermarkets and or various commercial establishments.
A CCTV system may use a DVR, or digital video recorder, which can let its user record data. Users of this kind of recording may opt to vary the performance and quality of the video along with other features including mail alerts and motion detection.
Some newer recent installations of CCTV cameras have been IP-based systems. IP cameras provide better quality, enabling its owners to monitor and view higher quality images form the cameras wherever they are. Some have been equipped with direct recording on storage devices attached to networks, internal flash which enables complete stand-alone operations, and megapixel sensors.
Please fill in the form below or call our CCTV expert team on 01 8080808 now


Rudra Bhanu Satpathy 1 , J.Sunil Gavaskar 2
Abstract : Electroencephalographic(EEG) is a vital signal to analysis the neurological diseases in human being. This EEG signal captured even in highly hospitalic and standard environment may currpted by some non-physiological signals which are termed as artifact in medical term. These artifacts may disturb the quality of signal. Thus, mitigation of these artifacts from EEG signal is an important step. In this work an improved filtering mechanism is proposed forsingle channel EEG signal motion artifacts eradication. The input single channel EEG signal isdecomposed into multi-channel signal. Moreover, this multichannel signal is applied to an cascaded approach of Blind Source Separation (BSS) and wavelet transform in order to eleiminate the artifacts as well as randomness available in the signal due to this artifats. The results are tested with the existing work in the EEG artifact removal which shows outperformance of the proposed method.
Keyword : EEG, EEMD-ICA, CCA, DWT, EEMD-DWICA.


Logic Level Converter Module
Geek Ammo's Australian Made Logic Level converter makes it possible to connect 3.3V (or even lower voltage sensors) to 5V micro controllers like the Raspberry Pi. With this module you can easily connect different logic voltage levels together for bi-directional communication on up to 4 channels, allowing you to use low-voltage sensors with a 5V micro-controller.
- 4 bidirectional channels
- Easily connect 3.3V sensors and devices to 5V microcontrollers
- Pass-through GND connection
- Dimensions: 18(W) x 16(H) x 4(D)mm
What shipping methods do we have?
At Pi Australia, we ship via Australia Post. We provide the following shipping methods:
|Shipping Method||Orders under $15||Orders over $15||Orders over $150|
|Sydney Warehouse Pickup||$5||$FREE||$FREE|
|All Orders||All Orders|
|Australia Post International||$18.00 AUD|


Local and toll-free telephone call access is provided through the residence at no charge. Long distance calls may be charged to a credit card through long distance carriers like AT&T at (800) CALL-ATT.
Wireless high-speed DSL Internet access is provided in the residence. Hardwire connection is available through the wireless transmission router. Guests should be able to plug the supplied cable into their computer’s Ethernet/Network port and connect directly to the Internet with no further action required.
Cell phone coverage on San Juan Island is generally poor and coverage is only available from select carriers in the Bellevue Farm area. Verizon Wireless seems to have the best coverage in the area. Improved cell phone reception is sometime accessible by walking outside of the residence.


12- 3.5mm stereo jack male. Selecting the output tube. Tavish Design is a small manufacturer of unique and affordable, high-end audio equipment. Electronic design detail including PCBs for constructing power amplifiers is available on sound.whsites.net 7- 0.01 capacitor.
Audio power amplifier circuit diagrams / circuit schematics.
6- 100 ohm variable resistor. It takes advantage of modern components and circuit design techniques to combine the best features of vacuum tube and transistor audio power amplifiers.
10- 9V Battery clip. High Power LA4440 Double IC Stereo Audio Amplifier with Bass and Treble Control . If you want to build a tube amplifier and you don't want to just copy someone else's circuit it might be a good idea to learn how to design it. Week #1: Audio amplifier Week #2: Microphone circuit The audio amplifier project is more difficult and time-consuming than the microphone pre-amp, so part of week #2 may be used to finish the audio amp.
Output transistors can be arranged in three different ways. 8- 0.047 capacitor. TDA2005 is a class B dual audio power amplifier specifically designed for car radio applications. The Minotaur Integrated Amplifier was our first product to be sold on the web.
Some circuits would be illegal to operate in most countries and others are dangerous to construct and should not be attempted by the inexperienced. Soldering and hardwiring can and should be done outside lab.
The D Series Multi-Channel amplifiers are designed to be the best amps on the market for the everyday mobile audio enthusiast looking to power their mids and highs or their entire system. Its high current [...] TDA2003 Audio Amplifier Circuits. Note that all these links are external and we cannot provide support on the circuits or offer any guarantees to their accuracy. These multi-channel amps feature compact chassis, superb sound quality, reliable circuits, and powerful output sections.
Designing an Amplifier. Audio Amplifiers. If you are using a transformer (I recommend toroidal because of their size), and not a SMPS, you will need a bridge rectifier and some beefy filtering caps (I personally used 2x10 000uF per branch - positive/negative). For low power amplifier, I think a different design would be better.
All breadboarding and testing can and should be done in lab. "An audio power amplifier (or power amp) is an electronic amplifier that strengthens low-power, inaudible electronic audio signals such as the signal from radio receiver or electric guitar pickup to a level that is strong enough for driving loudspeakers or headphones.". The LA4440 is a very popular dual-channel audio amplifier commonly used to build high power audio amplifiers. So, don't be afraid. TDA2003 is a cheap amplifier that is designed to run on single rail power supplies (unipolar). The bias string can now be placed in the Class A driver circuit. The unexpected result of these investigations is to show that power amplifiers of extraordinarily low distortion can be designed as a matter of routine, without any unwelcome side-effects, as long as a relatively simple design methodology is followed. P. Marian - 06/22/2012.
This includes both amplifiers used in home audio systems and musical instrument amplifiers like guitar amplifiers. This description is a basic overview. His rigorous and pragmatic approach has proven just as a leading force in the design of amplifiers, especially through the pages of the electronics world where he contributes regularly.
Douglas Self is dedicated to demystifying speaker design and creating experimental design techniques based on electronic design principles and experimental data. Audio amplifiers aspire to a zero output impedance across the audio band. Amplifiers that use power MOS-FETs do not require driver transistors.
There is a computer program that comes with this page to help you. It provides [...] 1W Audio Amplifier With Voltage Regulators. 13- 3.5mm stereo jack female. • Class D Amplifier Introduction • The latest Digital Audio MOSFET, DirectFET® MOSFET • Designing Dead-time and Overload Protection with Digital Audio Gate Driver IC • Design Example Theory of class D operation, Points of design Designing with built-in dead-time generation How to design …


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High capacity 15,000mAh Li-Polymer Power Bank featuring Qualcomm Quick Charge 3.0 (18W) technology with 2x USB outputs and either Micro USB or USB-C input charging.
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- Circuit Protection: Protection from overcharging, over discharging and short circuit.
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2 edition of Certain radio paging and alerting receiving devices from Japan found in the catalog.
Certain radio paging and alerting receiving devices from Japan
United States International Trade Commission
|Series||USITC publication -- 1410|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||iv, 35, 105 p. :|
|Number of Pages||105|
DS Software Manual Part No. SWG02 Issue , October / This system uses fixed slot software. During installation, you can plug DSTU PCBs only into slots. Mobile Computing By al [6pldk9mxrvqn].
manage paging file size. For Windows bit, the recommended paging file size is three specific to certain databases. Geographic Role Dimension Field (Standalone or Online Help PDF The following is an example of the default Logical view, displaying the Title of each field. Read chapter A Commercial Communication Services: Communication Mediums for Signal, ITS, and Freeway Surveillance Systems: Final Report.
Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get them in front of Issuu’s. The FCC postponed the MHz rebanding financial reconciliation “true-up” date from Dec. 31, , until July 1, The true-up process was established to ascertain the total creditable rebanding costs incurred by Sprint Nextel for MHz rebanding and the relocation of Broadcast Auxiliary Service (BAS) licensees in the GHz band and to compare theses costs to the value of the
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Get this from a library. Certain radio paging and alerting receiving devices from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no. TA (preliminary) under the Tariff Act oftogether with the information obtained in the investigation. [United States International Trade Commission.].
Get this from a library. Certain radio paging and alerting receiving devices from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no. TA (final) under the Tariff Act oftogether with the information obtained in the investigation. [United States International Trade Commission.].
Enjoy millions of the latest Android apps, games, music, movies, TV, books, magazines & more. Anytime, anywhere, across your devices. Certain radio paging and alerting receiving devices from Japan: determination of the Commission in investigation no.
TA (preliminary) under the Tariff act oftogether with the information obtained in the investigation. A paging accessory (10) for portable computing devices (12) such as calculators, electronic notebooks, calendars or the like. The paging accessory (10) includes a board (14) on which are mounted a receiver (32) for receiving page signals and a microprocessor (34) for identifying and decoding a page signal intended for the accessory (10).Cited by: Emergency communication vs.
notification. An emergency notification system refers to a collection of methods that facilitate the one-way dissemination or broadcast of messages to one or many groups of people with the details of an occurring or pending emergency situation.
Mass automated dialing services such as Cell Broadcast, Reverseas well as common siren systems that are used to alert. This disclosure relates to a system and method for providing a mechanism control page requests sent in a wireless communication network.
The paging control mechanism can be implemented in a gateway through a combination of hardware and software to determine whether packets received at a gateway trigger a page. The packets received at the gateway are intended for user equipment that is Cited by: Mobile Computing (Part-1) 1.
23 1. General Packet Radio Service, GPRS –uses one or more of the eight TDMA time slots in a GSM phone system to transmit data rather than digitized voice.
- data rate is from 20 kbps up to kbps - typical rate is about 40 kbps, which is more than enough for e-mail and short message service but poor for.
audio All audio latest This Just In Grateful Dead Netlabels Old Time Radio 78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings. Live Music Archive. Top Audio Books & Poetry Community Audio Computers, Technology and Science Music, Arts & Culture News & Public Affairs Non-English Audio Spirituality & Religion.
Full text of "The Bug Book". Page 1 Avaya E IP Deskphone with SIP Software User Guide SIP Software Release Release NN Issue Standard November ; Page 2 Product provided by Avaya including the selection, arrangement and Warranty design of the content is owned either by Avaya or its licensors and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws including the Avaya provides a.
LETTERS "You suggested we be creative when sending for a QSL.I have sent reports all over the world and have been very happy receiving them.
I decided in a request to Radio Japan to include my phone number. On J around EST, I re- ceived a phone call from Sarah Moore, host of the 'Hello from Tokyo' time differ. Page 1 SIP Software Release Avaya E IP Deskphone with SIP Software User Guide Release NN Issue August ; Page 2 Product provided by Avaya including the selection, arrangement this documentation, to the extent made by End User.
and design of the content is owned either by Avaya or its licensors Link disclaimer and is protected by copyright and other. ta!i my $ NITORING TIMES Volume 4- Number 7 BRASSTOWN, NORTH CAROLINA 2s July, "TOWER --WE HAVE AN EMERGENCY" by The Interceptor SOUTHWEST AIRLINES flight from Albuquerque to Amarillo is a short hop from one southwestern city to another.
Regular commut- ers can tell you that, at most, the flight is unevent- ful. But flight on the. certain of the number of devices that may be connected to a line, as Japan This is a Class A product based on the standard of the Voluntary for Avaya Communication Manager.
To view the book, you must have a copy of Adobe Acrobat® or Acrobat Reader software Size: 10MB. audio All audio latest This Just In Grateful Dead Netlabels Old Time Radio 78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings.
Live Music Archive. Top Audio Books & Poetry Community Audio Computers, Technology and Science Music, Full text of "Assistive technology for the hearing-impaired, deaf and deafblind". Bluetooth is a universal radio interface in the GHz frequency band that enables portable electronic devices to connect and communicate wirelessly via short-range, ad hoc : Jaap Haartsen.
formation such as the frequencies for transmitting and receiving, in addition to geo-graphical coordinates, is provided for maritime coast radio stations, including those as- This Handbook is not intended as a source book on radio astronomy, but rather deals diction, detection, alerting and disaster relief.
In certain cases, when the. A wireless information communication system and method, such as a paging network, that provides caller identification information transmitted from the public switched telephone network to a pager, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a portable computing device, or personal communication device carried by a page-receiving communicant.
The current base station requests all the neighboring base stations to report the strength they are receiving. The current base station then transfers ownership to the cell (new BS) getting the strongest signal and the MSC switches the call to a new frequency channel in a new cell site without either interrupting the call or alerting the user.
If this is used near a radio or television receiver in a domestic environment, it may cause radio interference. Install and use the equipment according to the instruction manual.
Using Avaya /G/G IP Deskphones SIP January 3. The Emergency Alert System (EAS) is a national multi-channel warning system in the U.S. operating since and delivering warning messages at nation or area specific levels over: TV and Radio Broadcasts, cable TV, satellite broadcast systems (such as Sirius Satellite Radio, World space, XM Satellite Radio, DAB) and wire line video service Author: Cristina Párraga Niebla.
A location reporting paging communication system comprising space satellites, ground stations and a remote receiving unit adapted to resolve a global position from signals transmitted from a communication transmitter.
The subscriber in possession of the remote receiving unit updates the paging network with global positioning information.Problem-Based Learning Using Mobile Devices The general packet radio service (GPRS) is a new bearer service for GSM that greatly improves and simplifies wireless access to packet data networks.


Small Business Phone system can make the working of the business organisations easy. They need not put much effort when the small business phone system supports you in your business. Handling of the customers becomes really tough but it becomes easier with the help of the business phone system. All the work can be done effectively when you communicate with the customers and respond to them on time. It is very important that the customers are attended well then only the customers feel special and the bond between the business organisations and the customers get strong.
When you set the personal greetings for your customers, it lays a very good impact on your customers. The customers can be made special by setting the customer greetings or the personal greetings. This is the best way by which you can start with your clients. Depending on the caller, the greetings can be set for the different customers as this will make them delighted. If you want your business to be on top, then this can be really effective. The experience of the customers is also organised and authentic which will help your business to grow more. The best impression which you can make on your customers is how you treat them and greet them which are only possible with the small business phone system. The business organisations can make their working effective with the usage of the business phone number. Make your customers feel special by attending all the calls.
Why Small Business Phone System?
There are a lot of advantages of using the small business phone system. The most important thing is the handling of the calls from the customers. Everything gets connected seamlessly with the business phone number. The need of the small business phone system is due to the following reasons:-
Thus, Small business phone system has so many advantages and the business organisations get a lot of benefits from them. The work in the business organisation can be handled easily with business phone number.