Fueled by the rise of the Internet of Things, do it yourself alarm systems have become a multi-billion dollar industry that is increasingly disrupting traditional alarm companies share of the home security market. One area of concern with IoT is the security of these ubiquitous devices. So I thought it would be a fun project to examine the security of these systems. After a bit of searching, one brand in particular stood out, firstly due to its price point, and secondly its accessibility and popularity in North America: iSmartAlarm (ISM) https://www.ismartalarm.com
In the course of research on this system I Identified six important issues that can be used to bypass or disable different aspects of the alarm system. Five of them by attacking the radio network the alarm system uses, and one via the traditional IP based network.
Radio frequency based attacks:
Network based attacks:
In this post I describe ways to attack the ISM radio network. The majority of these attacks aren't specific to ISM and are directly attacking their implementation of the Texas Instruments (TI) SimpliciTI low-power radio network protocol/firmware.
To start things off, I tore down each device that comes with the kit to take a look at the PCB's and see what I could find.
Looking at the main-board for the alarm system I can quickly identify some components and ports including:
Remote device internals:
Looking at the back of the main-board I can see the PCB legend conveniently labels which pins correspond to what for the UART serial port. Using this knowledge, I hook up a Saleae logic analyzer to some soldered headers to determine the baud rate of the port:
Saleae returned a result of 58173 baud for the UART port, which is very close to the common rate of 57600 baud which I will use when hooking up a UART to USB converter.
After starting a screen session and resetting the alarm system I am greeted with this clobbered dmesg from the UART:
There some security concerns using older version of the kernel and busybox:
Linux version 2.6.21:
I will cover some of this in more detail later.
What looks more important currently is these strings that get printed at the very end of the dmesg. Specifically the 0007XXXX sections:
ISSA0C2C020300 [0007AF1D] 222D203D09395FD740395FD7740AAF ISSA0C2C020300 [00075E60] 225203D0D88E0860B395FD7340A8C ISSA0C2C020300  1C26203D032B6082EA2B6081FF0A95
These hex values match the addresses seen in the mobile application when adding devices to the RF network (only devices with these addresses are allowed to communicate with the alarm system):
Curious to see the inner workings of these devices; I hooked up a GoodFET from River Loop security to the JTAG pads and started to dump the CODE region from the 8051 MCU inside of the TI CC1110 chip on each of them.
Once dumped, I searched for one of the addresses that I had seen in both the application and the dmesg output. This resulted one of them being located at the very last page (1024 byte flash memory section) of the CODE region and the XDATA region (7FFF and FFF0):
I then took the `.diffs` on two separate devices firmware dumps. This resulted in the only difference actually being this address value, with no changes to anything else within the flash firmware:
Moving on to IDA’s hex view to take a closer look, the first thing I immediately notice is the ASCII string, "SimpliciTI's Key" within the firmware dump:
After googling the string, it turns out that TI has developed a low-power RF communications network stack built for these chips called SimpliciTI. Source code was available for the protocol on their web page and I downloaded it along with a few application notes I sourced elsewhere that give great detail of the entire protocol and its usages:
Reading through the source code, I find a file called nwk_security.c which is compiled into a network application that controls encryption and decryption of RF packets using a software based encryption scheme utilizing the XTEA block cipher and a modified CTR mode operating on a 4 byte incrementing counter.
This file also contains areas for setting the encryption key, IV, and a 1 byte MAC (message authentication code). Oddly they aren't using the MAC in its traditional sense for message integrity, why, I have no idea and it seems quite useless as we'll see in later parts.
As you can see and might've guessed, ISmartAlarm is using the default key from the SimpliciTI protocol. I then checked the firmware again to confirm my suspicions, indeed they are also using the default IV and MAC (It looks off because of endianness when converted into the long data type four times):
After thoroughly reading code and application notes a few things became clear:
Within the general outline for developers application note, it is described how a device would join a network upon boot up. This means that when a remote or sensor is flashed with an address value known by the alarm system, that device will automatically initiate a link session with it to join the network and initiate an end-to-end encrypted session. Why is SimpliciTI configured to do this by default?
The reason is from what I could gather is the protocol doesn't know the power state of a device on the network at any given time. Unless the vendor specifically creates circuitry and code to keep enough capacitance in the system to send one last packet saying "I'm dying" if it's shutting down, or requires each device to broadcast back every few seconds to adjust for this lack of feature. So by flashing a address to a device, I would be removing its power and status on the network. This device is now told to attempt connecting using this new address of a device known valid to the alarm system. Therefore I should be able to automatically go through this procedure with one of the devices, because it is programmed by default to automatically do the following on boot up as was observed with radio tools created in later sections:
To test out if what I was reading was true, I attempted to use the address value from another remote device with the remote device I had already hooked up to the GoodFET using some simple python code that calculates the Intel hex checksum for an arbitrary device address, then appends it and a end record to a new line within a '.ihex' file that I could tell the GoodFET to flash at the page where the address value is stored at as seen earlier. If you are unfamiliar with the Intel Hex format, I recommend you review the Wikipedia article as it explains the specification well.
Once flashed to the remote device, I pressed the panic button on it after it had booted up and to my surprise it made the alarm system sound its siren.
The ability to completely bypass the authentication checks by knowing a single plain text address severely undermines the security of the protocol.
To put this into more simple terms:
If device A (alarm system) has a certain set of encryption keys, and device B (client) has those encryption keys, which it needs out of box to communicate with device A. All an attacker needs is the address of device C (another client authorized on the network), and they can add themselves to the network without actually going through the process of telling device A to enroll and add device B, because you can pretend to be device C; which is already on the network. Because it is impossible for the SimpliciTI protocol to work in encrypted mode with two different sets of keys, only one can be used, unless the vendor directly changes core SimpliciTI code. Adding to that, keys cannot be exchanged over the RF link unless the vendor writes custom code on top of the protocol firmware to do so, which is risky and the keys would be sent over plain text or a already known encryption scheme.
Now that I can remotely clone and impersonate other authenticated devices on the network using a previously unauthorized device I wrote a new python script and some quick C that would brute-force all device source addresses from the range of '00070000' to '0007FFFF'. As the brute-force was happening a serial byte is sent to an Arduino that was hooked up to a transistor circuit which would pull the panic button pad on the device to ground for every subsequent address that was flashed. This way I didn't have to physically press the button each time.
With a bit of solder and electrical tape, I bundled it together into a portable iSmartAlarm attacking device using the guts of one of the devices:
Button automation schematic:
70000 to 7FFFF seems to be the maximum range of addresses that all the included devices are programmed at, allowing for 65536 possible addresses.
This video shows the brute-force attack in action:
This was fantastic, I was a able to impersonate every authenticated device on the network, but there were still some things I had to overcome.
Firstly, this process of flashing, rebooting the device, and pressing the button, took over 3 seconds per address. Meaning it would take a little over 3 days to exhaust the entire address space with a single remote device. Multiple devices could be purchased separately to accelerate this attack to under 15 minutes using a non-linear search algorithm.
Secondly, there is no way for an attacker to know either than audibly that a command was successfully issued using a correct source address, as in there is no feedback whatsoever in this scenario. One would need to try every possibility regardless to ensure the alarm system was really unlocked.
To overcome these issues I decided I needed to find a way to intercept and decode the packets sent out by these devices which would allow me to discover the source addresses that are included in the frame structure as seen here:
I turned to the Ettus Research USRP B210 which would allow me to intercept the packets sent by the devices on the network, and GNURadio to determine what they held based off the SimpliciTI application notes explaining the packet frame structure for plain text and cipher-text communications.
Looking up the FCC ID on the back of the remotes gives us a test plot that shows the device operates at a frequency of 908 MHz and is potentially 2-FSK modulated, because of the distinct two peaks that resemble MARK and SPACE frequencies.
The datasheet also references modulation types supported by the CC1110 chip, such as 2-FSK, GFSK, MSK, ASK and OOK.
Using the GQRX spectrum analyzer to validate further, I set it to 908 MHz with peak hold envelope set to on. Indeed looks like 908 MHz and does resemble a 2-FSK modulated signal:
In order to get a clearer view of the signal to investigate, samples were recorded using the Ettus uhd_rx_cfile tool and then subsequently opened in baudline. After tweaking the settings for awhile I eventually get very clear view of the 2-FSK keying and can see certain segments of the packet including the preamble and sync word:
I now can build a simple GNURadio flowgraph to demodulate this signal using the USRP as a source, and a FFT Sink. In order to avoid the DC spike in the middle of the signal that is produced by the USRP, I tuned the frequency to 520 KHz below the center target frequency, then shifted it back using the "Frequency Xlating FIR Filter" block. A WX GUI slider is used also used here to control the center frequency offset as it deviates at times between different devices.
I can see from this FFT plot now the signal just like I saw in GQRX with the peak hold evelope set to on:
Now the signal can be filtered of any noise around it. To do this I use a lowpass filter against the signal using a cutoff value of around 11KHz. This is derived from calculating the deviation between the MARK and SPACE frequencies of the 2-FSK signal. A transition width of 6 KHz for the lowpass is used for aggressiveness between the passband and stopband.
Transition width (This is the area between where the waveform "turns the corner" and where it "hits the bottom"):
Now a "Quadrature Demod", "Binary Slicer", "Char to Float" and “WAV file sink” block is added to the flow-graph. The flowgraph now becomes:
This will demodulate, slice the signal into binary and send the data to a WAV file for further analysis with Audacity.
From this newly created binary sequence from GNURadio, I can clearly see the preamble and sync word:
I don't know for sure if this packet was sent without any corruption or interference, causing the bit values to be incorrect. Unless I manually calculate the CRC checksum of the packet and compare it to the last two bytes in it, this is more work than I'd like to do.
What I do instead is use the GoodFET to dump all the radio modem register values of the CC1110 chip and read the configured sync word from the SYNC1 and SYNC0 registers. Additionally I can use this register dump to help gain useful information about the radio configuration by inputting other register values into the SimpliciTI development software which will retrieve information such as the symbol rate, channel spacing, deviation, sync word mode and data whitening mode.
Sync word register values:
SimpliciTI software register calculations:
The dump shows that the sync word is indeed 0xD391 (1101001110010001), and the SimpliciTI development software shows a symbol rate of 38.385 kBaud, a channel spacing of 50 KHz, deviation of approximately 47 KHz, and disabled data whitening mode (thank god because PN9 sequencing math is tough stuff).
The samples per symbol which we need to calculate by hand for our next block is derived by dividing the sample rate by the symbol rate, resulting in 31.2364 kBaud. Using this value I can configure a clock recovery block with the omega set to our new found symbol rate. I can also remove the WAV sink as it isn't needed anymore:
Next is to input the sync words like we saw in Audacity (11010011100100011 101001110010001) into a correlate access code block from a binary slicer and connect it to a custom block I created called the "iSmartAlarm packet decoder". This custom block interprets the binary data from the packets that first matches this sync word and next attempts to calculate the CRC checksum of the packet to validate integrity before being sent out to a queue for further processing.
The final flow-graph looks like so:
Now I can build a new python script that will manage its execution in a thread and pull messages from the queue, dissect the frames from within and print them out in an array of colors depicting different sections of the packet. I recommend you check out the application notes and source code to see what they mean. Here is a brief visual (red is encrypted payload section):
Now that I can decode SimpliciTI packets, I should be able to intercept the source address of a registered remote device on the network because that section is sent over plaintext; then flash a separate blank remote device using that source address by leveraging some of our previous code to unlock the system.
Let's test it:
[14:09:25.357656] Frequency tuned to: 908001.80 KHz [14:09:28.162292] Frequency tuned to: 908001.56 KHz [14:09:28.562866] Frequency tuned to: 908001.32 KHz [14:09:28.663153] Frequency tuned to: 908001.08 KHz [14:09:28.763470] Frequency tuned to: 908000.90 KHz [14:09:28.864392] Frequency tuned to: 908000.66 KHz [14:09:28.964674] Frequency tuned to: 908000.42 KHz [14:09:29.165145] Frequency tuned to: 908000.18 KHz [14:09:29.365579] Frequency tuned to: 907999.70 KHz [14:09:29.465807] Frequency tuned to: 907999.52 KHz [14:09:29.566111] Frequency tuned to: 907999.04 KHz [14:09:29.866679] Frequency tuned to: 907998.80 KHz [14:09:35.577611] 13 88888888 00075E60 60 83 05 34 DE A9 8F B1 8A 8F 4E C1 [+] Chip ID is 0xffff, implying a wiring problem. attempting soft reboot. [+] Source address captured from iSmartAlarm remote, attempting unlock… IHEX: :107FF000FFFFFFFFFFFFFF0000000000075E60FFC4 :00000001FF Flashing <cStringIO.StringI object at 0x7fcd4baf81c8> Flashing buffer to 0x007c00 Flashed final page at 007c00 [+] Writing Serial Done [+] Acknowledgement received from destination. Most likely unlocked :D
It worked! I can unlock alarm systems within seconds now by impersonating these authenticated devices.
A few comments about the packet output, briefly:
13 88888888 00075E60 60 83 05 34 DE A9 8F B1 8A 8F 4E C1
To recap on what an attacker scenario would currently look like:
Alternatively running the code in attack mode one or zero will attempt an unlock 30 seconds after a source address is intercepted, or to plain brute-force 65536 possibilities.
Disclaimer: In this section I will only be explaining how this can be accomplished, code available to do this will be purposely broken or incomplete to prevent war-driving abuse or attacks on systems alike resulting in possible sensitive data exposure. Don't forget, I'm not attacking a iSmartAlarm specific radio network. I'm attacking a established radio network protocol developed by TI that is used in hundreds, if not thousands of other products that could have also made the same fatal implementation mistakes. It would also require an attacker to write a transmit stage as well as much more complicated python code to craft and encode packets while watching out for new ones to increment by.
The first method is to decrypt a link session packet, which is a connectionless network application. Within this encrypted packet contains the legitimate counter value that will be used during an encrypted session. To elaborate on that, here is an excerpt from the TI Security application note (pg.5):
"Network applications and the Unconnected User Datagram Link ID (UUD) are not connection based. It is not possible to maintain a coherent 4 byte counter. Instead the frames sent to a network application and the UUD populate the counter hint with a random value. This value is used by the recipient to decrypt the payload. The hint is used as the lsbyte of a counter whose remaining 3 bytes are 0. The validity of the frame and defense against rogue frames comes from the protection of the values of the IV and the key. In addition there is the protection afforded by the MAC. This is how there can be some security around the exchange of counter starting values when the Link session is engaged. The Link session takes place on the Link Network application port."
This means that the device will read the counter hint from a link session packet and append it to 3 bytes of zero value and use it to decrypt the payload to discover the actual counter value with the key and IV.
Counter hint = A5, therefore the entire 4 byte counter would be 000000A5.
Since I have the ability to remotely clone devices at will and reboot them causing a new link session to be established, I can obtain this random counter value relatively easily, allowing me to decrypt the link session payload and obtain the counter value to be used in the encrypted session thanks to already knowing the key and IV. Once decrypted, I can craft packets to be sent to the network acting as an authorized device.
Counter hint frame section details:
The FCS means frame check sequence, and it is a cumulative sum of all bytes in the packet that is concatenated with the fixed value MAC. But because the plain text contents of each encrypted section are the same for each specific remote command this value is meaningless and will remain the same throughout.
For those interested in a code representation of this decryption oracle:
from xtea import * from binascii import hexlify <deframing code here> def ctr_hint(ctr): return ctr ctr = hexlify(frame[12:13]) payload = hexlify(frame[15:]) xtea_key = “SimpliciTI’s Key” xtea_iv = 0x87654321 i = new(xtea_key, mode=MODE_CTR, IV=xtea_iv, counter=ctr_hint(ctr)) cipher_block = i.encrypt(payload) plain_text = xor_strings(cipher_block, payload)
The second method is to mount a chosen-ciphertext-attack (CCA) on the encrypted section if I know what the plain text of an alarm system command looks like by just decrypting it once by leveraging the link session vulnerability. This will allow me to encrypt the known plain text using 16777216 possible counter values with the key and IV fairly quickly until a cipher-text (payload) match is found. This short counter space is possible thanks to knowing the last byte of a 4 byte counter from the hint.
Say I intercept a 64 bit block of cipher-text with the value of
DE A9 8F B1 8A 8F 4E C1and have a known plain text of a remote command:
00 02 00 FF FF FF 00 85. I can then encrypt the plain text with the XTEA block cipher as defined in the SimpliciTI code with the known key, IV and a incrementing counter used from 0 to 16777216. Once I’m presented with cipher-text result matching the intercepted cipher-text, the used counter value will be known for that cipher-text and I can increment that recovered counter value by how many packets have been sent by the target device since the attack began. This is entirely possible due to the protocol using completely predictable counter values that are only incremented by one.
I'd like to point out a bit of a TI failure was noticed here too. Since they are using a CTR mode and actually placing this so-called “MAC” within the encrypted section, they are allowing the scheme to be entirely malleable with the CTR mode. What should have been done is encrypt-then-MAC. This would encrypt the plain text, MAC the cipher-text + IV then append it to the cipher-text, thwarting any type of malleability.
Here is a quick example to explain this current situation of malleability without proper message authentication:
Say we want to encrypt the message m=01010101. The CTR mode will use the stored counter and the chosen encryption function to generate a keystream, for example, s=10010110, and compute the cipher-text:
c = m ⊕ s=01010101 ⊕ 10010110 = 11000011
I could now, for example, flip the second bit in the plain text message m by changing c to c′:
c′= c ⊕ 01000000 = 10000011
The decryption function would then use the CTR mode to derive the same key stream s as before, but use it to decrypt c′, which would result in:
m′= c′ ⊕ s=10000011 ⊕ 10010110 = 00010101
As you can see, the second bit (which used to be 1) in the original message was changed to 0 by this change, while leaving the remaining parts of the data unchanged. This ability to manipulate and observe the changes in the oracle is an example of malleability. Now with a proper scheme of encrypt-then-MAC all of this extrapolated information would be useless because the message would first need to be authenticated with the MAC. This would protect all users of the protocol that choose to encrypt the same plain text over and over again but of course using a different counter value for each transaction through the cipher.
The link session will always have some known plain text values too. Namely the port number that the remote device should connect to after the link session has been completed and the link token. This port number can be easily seen in plain text within a packet right after a secure link has been established. The link token is set in firmware to a static value of "0xDEADBEEF" which is in the packet, this would also aid in extrapolating encryption oracle information when no other encryption constants are known.
Jamming is a fairly simple way to cause most RF communications to become useless. I say most because there are ways to protect against some types of jamming such as spread spectrum, frequency hopping, and DSSS. But unfortunately iSmartAlarm employs none of these protections that are actually possible with the CC1110 features, here's a quick example:
Device packets undisturbed by noise:
Jammer in operation creating noise:
The alarm system is now completely useless. Operating or importing a frequency jammer is illegal. This test was done inside of a cage at very low power.
This attack is fairly simple and requires a 900 MHz directional jammer and a device to replay packets such as a SDR or a RFCat enabled device. I will use a YardStick with RFCat in this scenario. With the directional jammer pointed at the target house I can receive packets using the YardStick and they will not be able to reach the alarm system. Since the alarm system cannot receive any packets it's local counter will remain the same for the device that is currently being intercepted, the attacker can now disable the directional jammer at will and replay the packet as long as during the jamming process the victim didn't send more than 255 commands to the alarm system in a furious rage to open it. If they did it would cause the counters to become out of sync and the victim would actually have a dud remote unless they took the batteries back out and put them back in. This piece of code shows that an error will occur if the received counter value is off by more than 255:
Though this is impractical due to it only working if you are able to send the command before the target does. That is highly unlikely by this point, and the target will probably just use their smart phone to unlock the alarm system.
BusyBox udhcpc vulnerability (CVE-2011-2716)
This attack is possible due to the massively outdated software present on the alarm system, specifically BusyBox.
I was able to compromise a “mock” DHCP server the alarm system is connected to. From there command injection is be possible if it parses the DHCP option HOST_NAME, DOMAIN_NAME, NIS_DOMAIN or TFTP_SERVER_NAME. In the case of dhcpd, all I had to do is configure it like so and wait until the system parses these variables:
It is unknown why at times the system parses these variables. Maybe to report back as a status check? I’m not sure, but when it does, it improperly sanitizes the shell metacharacters and executes the injection.
Even though some serious pre-conditions need to be satisfied in-order to successfully exploit this vulnerability, it isn’t all too surprising that someone might have their most likely backdoored or poorly secured chinese router open to the internet.
What does this mean for iSmartAlarm? Not much probably. People will continue to purchase "Smart" devices as long as it is popular and trendy. As long as something is popular and trendy, many manufacturers will make devices to sell, all with varying degrees of security. iSmartAlarm took precautions to make things difficult, but not nearly difficult enough in my opinion.
There is, as with most scenarios, a trade off between cost and high-security. Perhaps iSmartAlarm did some research and concluded that "less security" was okay to keep it under a certain price point.
Seekintoo contacted iSmartAlarm several times without any response or comment from the firm. While we strive for ethical and responsible disclosure, we also realize the drive for research advancement, and shared information in the community.
In this case, we can only assume the manufacturer does not believe that thier customers will care or understand the implications. In this case we feel it is necessary to make sure that any customers who may be concerned are able to read about and understand this research.
While the iSmartAlarm might have some "smart" features, it's not exactly smart when it comes to security, which is the entire premise of their market and product.
The GNURadio GRC files, blocks and python scripts can be downloaded from our github.
Comments, concerns, and corrections are welcome and not triaged by any marketing machine we are aware of: dpidhirney (at) seekintoo (dot) com


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I own and run a small software company. As a result, I routinely come in contact with professionals of all types and levels of competency. Today, I witnessed first hand, a seasoned legal professional who has absolutely, mastered his craft. I witnessed first hand this morning, as a very rare participant on a conference to the US Patent And Trademark Office, (USPTO), a patent attorney known as “The Examiner Whisperer” calm a wild horse while simultaneously serving the winning ACE at the Wimbledon Finals.My company was facing the bottom of the ninth with two outs and the winning run on third. We were challenging the Examiner’s Final Office Action decision to reject our patent application, on what we felt was faulty reasoning and Error of Fact in decision. Craige “The Examiner Whisperer” Thompson, at Thompson Law was called in, and drove in the winning run!He professionally and calmly explained the situation to the Examiner siting fact and reasoning that actually lead the Examiner to point out to Craige, the obvious conclusion was, the decision was wrong and the Notice of Allowance would be sent.As the inventor of the software, having been invited to sit in on this rare conference call, I am only the second person in Craige’s long career, to actually witness this highest degree of diplomacy happening. That being, leading an Examiner to do what we wanted him to do, that being to make the only decision he could actually make, and be actually satisfied, that it was his idea. Truly amazing, was this experience. I highly recommend you read Craig’s new, best selling book, “Patent Offense” and give Craige a call for any patent questions you may have. And if you are lucky, very lucky, you just might witness “The Examiner Whisperer” toss the ball in air with everything on the line and drive that ACE past the Examiner, who didn’t even see it coming – to win it all! Thanks Craige, job well done!
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Check out more of our successful clients on our Client Showcase page


Developing a phone after another, Xiaomi is now working on Pocophone F1 model. The camera details of the phone are now beginning to emerge. The camera details of the phone were also revealed in the Bluetooth certificate received for the device. The Snapdragon 845 processor will be used on the phone, as revealed in previous details . There will also be a liquid cooling system on the phone.On the camera details, the phone has a dual system. The pixel size of the phone’s sensor will be 1.4 µm. The main camera of the phone will be dual and there will be 12 Megapixel and 5 Megapixel dual camera module. Another information that emerges is that the phone’s camera will have Super Pixel technology. This technology creates a large pixel by mixing the information of the four pixels. This contributes to reduced noise in the photo, to capture more light and to increase the quality of the photo. A similar technology has been used by HTC under the name Ultra Pixel for many years.
On the other hand, the phone will include technologies such as infrared illuminator and infrared camera. Using these technologies together, the future of technology with the help of the spring-based face unlock technology is among the incoming information. The model of Xiaomi Pocophone F1 with 4 GB RAM and 64 GB storage capacity is expected to be sold with a price tag of 420 euro, 6 GB RAM and 128 GB internal storage with a price of 460 euro.The model, which is not officially introduced, is expected to be introduced and put up for sale in the coming months.


Professor Clements is the Joseph M. Pettit Professor Emeritus of Digital Signal Processing within the school of ECE. His also served as the Director of Georgia Tech's Interactive Media Technology Center (IMTC) from 1999-2012. He received the S.B. (Bachelor's), S.M. (Master's), E.E. (Professional Engineer's), and Sc.D. (Doctorate) degrees in 1976, 1978, 1979, and 1982, all in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During his graduate work, he was supported by a National Institutes of Health fellowship for research in hearing prostheses, and corporate sponsorship for the development of real- time automatic speech recognition systems. He is a member of the Acoustical Society of America, and is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He has been a member of the IEEE Speech Technical Committee, has served an Editor for IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, and was elected to the Signal Processing Society's Board of Governors. Professor Clements is also founder and director of Nexidia, an Atlanta-based speech technology company. Professor Clements' current research interests involve digital processing of speech signals. This is concerned with such problems as the application of digital speech technology to sensory aids for the hearing impaired and automatic recognition of speech in adverse conditions. Some of the interesting problems arising from these applications include enhancement of speech in noise, formulation of robust perceptual distance measures, and real-time implementation. Dr. Clements also does work in efficient coding of speech signals, auditory modeling for improved speech analysis, speech production modeling, general digital signal processing, and pattern recognition. He was the 2011 recipient of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Distinguished Faculty Achievement Award. In 2016, he won a Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for his Phonetic Indexing and Timing invention.
Reference a recent Biosketch
|Visitors since 2/22/2008:|


The map attached to this page shows the latest information available regarding the current and future provision of fibre broadband throughout Derbyshire, and provides an indicative picture of coverage for postcodes in the county.
The map can be used to give an estimate of where fibre broadband is available, or maybe coming to an area as part of the Digital Derbyshire programme. It also shows areas where our market research has suggested that fibre broadband is, or will be commercially available. Commercial coverage plans relate to a number of different fibre broadband providers.
It's difficult to confirm whether all premises within a postcode are covered by Digital Derbyshire. There are a number of limitations due to the distance of individual premises from a cabinet, as well as postcodes in which different infrastructure serves the premises within that postcode. In these cases the map does not separate those premises within a postcode served from a fibre-enabled, or non fibre-enabled infrastructure.
The following document is in Portable Document Format (PDF). You can download software to view PDF documents for free from the Adobe website (opens in a new window)
The following cabinets have recently been fibre enabled:
Ashover 2 (Woolley Moor)
Ashover E3 (Milltown)
Ashover E4 (Ashover)
Chapel en le Frith 12
Chapel en le Frith 17
Grindleford 9 (Curbar)


The simulation world is going to see dramatic increases in fidelity over the next few years. Moores Law basically states a quadrupling of "power" every 4 years. These technology leaps are about to give us a huge amount of power to play with. NVIDIA have stated their GPU's will be 12 times more powerful in 12-18 months. Now IBM have released information which is a game changer. Its powerful plus energy efficient. The latter being an issue with the current set of chips and technology. It consumes power and makes heat.
Take a read from an extract from a recent Press Release from IBM.
Last Thursday at the Optical Fiber Communication Conference in Los Angeles, a team from IBM presented research on their wonderfully-named "Holey Optochip." The prototype chipset is the first parallel optical transceiver that is able to transfer one trillion bits (or one terabit) of information per second. To put that in perspective, IBM states that 500 high-def movies could be downloaded in one second at that speed, while the entire U.S. Library of Congress web archive could be downloaded in an hour. Stated another way, the Optochip is eight times faster than any other parallel optical components currently available, with a speed that's equivalent to the bandwidth consumed by 100,000 users, if they were using regular 10 Mb/s high-speed internet.
One of the unique features of parallel optic chips is the fact that they can simultaneously send and receive data.
All parts of the Optochip are made from commercially-available components, which should keep costs down on a production model. Also, the chip consumes less than five watts when operating - 20 of the devices could run on the power consumed by one 100-watt light bulb.
"We have been actively pursuing higher levels of integration, power efficiency and performance for all the optical components through packaging and circuit innovations," said IBM Researcher Clint Schow. "We aim to improve on the technology for commercialization in the next decade with the collaboration of manufacturing partners."
Source: IBM via Popular Science


Configure Microsoft® Outlook Express 6.0 to access IMAP mailbox
Discuss Internet message access protocol (commonly known as IMAP). What are the techniques to configure Microsoft Outlook Express 6.0 to access IMAP mailbox?
Internet message access protocol is an e-mail service that can be accessed through both e-mail software installed in the desktop and webmail. The e-mail messages of IMAP service remain in the server so that they can be accessed from any system. IMAP is one of the leading Internet standard protocols used for transferring e-mail messages from a server. It supports both online and offline modes of operation. The latest version is IMAP4 preceded by four early versions. The IMAP Internet service protocol has many advantages over its POP which is another prevalent e-mail service protocol. The use of IMAP can improve the performance and utility of Microsoft Outlook Express 6.0. Microsoft Outlook Express is an e-mail and news client software bundled with Windows operating systems from its 98 version to 2003 version later superseded by Windows Mail and Windows Live Mail in Windows Vista and Windows 7 operating systems. The IMAP service provides prolonged access of e-mail as it remains saved that we can view them in webmail anytime.
The following are the methods for configuring Microsoft Outlook Express 6.0 to access IMAP mailbox:
- Ensure whether IMAP is enabled
- Entering e-mail address and display name
- Changing the settings for secure connection
Ensure whether IMAP is enabled
It is recommended to check whether Internet Message Access Protocol is enabled on the server of the e-mail service provider. The settings in the account can be changed by accessing webmail. This is the first step to be followed before proceeding further with configuring Microsoft Outlook Express 6.0 for accessing Internet Message Access Protocol mailbox.
Entering e-mail address and display name
After starting Microsoft Outlook Express 6.0 there will be an option for adding the IMAP e-mail account. The display name has to be entered in the Microsoft Outlook Express 6.0 window and the e-mail address in the very next field. IMAP must be selected from the drop down list as the incoming server. The address of the IMAP server and service provider’s address has to be entered in the incoming and outgoing mail fields respectively.
The settings of Microsoft Outlook Express 6.0 must be changed if the Internet Message Access Protocol e-mail service requires a secure connection. The appropriate check box for providing secure connection for the server must be selected. The check for its selection exists in the ‘Advanced’ tab of the properties of the IMAP e-mail account. Enter the password for authentication to complete the setup process.
iYogi is the fastest growing online and remote tech support provider in the direct-to-consumers and small businesses sector. Our highly skilled and experienced tech experts available, 24x7x365 will provide the best issue resolution and customer satisfaction. Our award winning and low priced Annual Subscription covers the following services:
- Comprehensive support to configure Microsoft Outlook Express 6.0 to access IMAP mailbox.
- Diagnostic & repair for your technologies.
- Troubleshoot software errors.
- Update drivers and security to protect against online threats.
- Connect to Internet, devices and peripherals.
- Optimize your computer’s speed and performance.
Unlimited access to great tech support, all year around! We promise the lowest wait-time and highest resolution rate in the industry.


Updating xperia x10 to android 2 3 Wedcams
While the T-Mobile Sidekick 4G is being retired, it doesn’t mean we are discontinuing the T-Mobile Sidekick line.
T-Mobile continues to update and expand its 4G product portfolio and we’ll keep you posted when we have news to share on T-Mobile’s latest 4G devices.
The Sidekick 4G remains one of the best QWERTY devices I’ve ever used and while it’s a mid-range device, it’s a great value.
There is a lot of nostalgic value for Sidekick owners and we imagine T-Mobile will look to continue improving the Sidekick hardware and Android overlay.
Sometimes the signal is restored by itself, sometimes it isn't.
Phones that are actively receiving the error have no access to the data network and send or receive calls or texts, as you would expect.
There is no doubt that most users are shied away from messing with the guts of their devices.
Not only does this usually void your warranty, but there is also a danger of bricking your device (if things aren’t done correctly).


I have a strange issue on my new computer (Win 7 32 bit).
When using more than one capture input at the same time, the video starts to "flicker", using just one input it's ok. And this is only on my new computer, I run three (3) capture inputs at the same time on my old computer without any
Could it be YUV? When I set .UseYUV=true, I cant connect to the capture device, I get error: "No combination of intermediate filters could be found to make the connection." (on MediaFailed event). I can use .UseYUV=false.
Strangly on my other dev computer (also Win7 32bit) it works in both modes.
Do I miss some DirectShow filter or what?


More About Wireless Internet | VSAT & Satellite Internet TechnologyTelco ZimbabweComments off.
More About Wireless Internet | VSAT & Satellite Internet Technology
Wi-Fi hotspots and wireless LANs are options for wireless Internet connectivity, it is typically delivered to a network hub via a wired connection like satellite, cable, ADSL, fibre optics, Satellite Internet or VSAT and then made available to wireless devices via a wireless access point. Let’s look into Satellite, VSAT Internet for business
What Is VSAT | What’s Are the Specifications
VSAT is a very small aperture terminal a two-way satellite ground station with a dish antenna that is smaller than 3.8 meters. The majority of VSAT antennas range from 75 cm to 1.2 m. Data rates, in most cases, range from 4 kbit/s up to 16 Mbit/s. VSATs access satellites in geosynchronous orbit or geostationary orbit to relay data from small remote Earth stations (terminals) to other terminals (in mesh topology) or master Earth station “hubs” (in star topology).
VSAT Day to Day Uses
VSATs are used to transmit narrowband data (e.g., point-of-sale transactions using credit cards, polling or RFID data, or SCADA), or broadband data (for the provision of satellite Internet access to remote locations, VoIP or video). VSATs are also used for transportable, on-the-move (utilising phased array antennas) or mobile maritime communications, it’s ideal for use in organizations that require uninterrupted internet access at all times i.e. banking institutions, online trading platforms, internet communications companies or even personal home internet can be in the form of a VSAT connection
How Satellite Internet Works | Business Benefits
Generally it relies on three primary components: a satellite, typically in geostationary orbit (sometimes referred to as a geosynchronous Earth orbit, or GEO), a number of ground stations known as gateways that relay Internet data to and from the satellite via radio waves (microwave), and a small antenna at the subscriber’s location, often a VSAT (very-small-aperture terminal) dish antenna with a transceiver.
“The Business Benefits use of a VSAT and Satellite Internet are instant, internet access to business is from any location, ensuring business continuity through stable internet connections”


Hybrid Off-grid Solar Inverter | 7200VA/7200W | 48VDC | 80A MPPT Charger | PV INPUT: 90VDC ~ 450VDC | WIFI Module
GRANKIA GMS MAX 7200 RGB LCD 48V Wi-Fi off grid solar inverter 7200w can simultaneously manage inputs from both solar panels and a battery bank, charging batteries with either solar panels or the electricity grid.
GRANKIA GMS MAX is a new generation inverter technology that comes with an inbuilt Wi-Fi monitoring device and company fitted battery wire, AC DC Distribution Box. This off grid solar inverter comes with elegant RGB lights on the front, different color to present output source from PV, Grid or battery and battery charge/discharge status.
GMS MAX off grid solar inverter 7200w can accept a high PV voltage range (90~450vdc) and it will facilitate PV system installation easily.
This inverter is intelligent and programmable for maximising overall system efficiency and savings, also all-in-one inverter solution for grid-connected solar-plus-storage systems.
Depending on different power situations, this hybrid solar power inverter is designed to generate continuous power from PV solar modules, battery, and the utility. When MPPT input voltage of pv modules is within acceptable range, this inverter is able to generate power to feed the grid(utility) and charge the battery. Galvanic isolation designed between PV/DC and AC output, so that the users could connect any type of PV array to this hybrid inverter.
1. LCD display 12. Current sharing port
2. Status indicator 13. Parallel communication port
3. Charging indicator 14. Dry contact
4. Fault indicator 15. USB port as USB communication port and USB function port
5. Function buttons 16. BMS communication port: CAN, RS-485 or RS-232
6. Power on/off switch 17. Output source indicators
7. AC input connectors 18. RS-232 communication port
8. AC output connectors 19. RGB LED bar
9. PV connectors 20. 12V DC output connectors (option)
10. Battery connectors 21. Power switch for DC output (option)
11. Remote LCD module communication Port
The LCD display module can be removable and installed in a remote location with an optional communication cable.
Step #1: Remove the screw on the bottom of LCD module and pull down the module from the case. Detach the cable from the original communication interface. Be sure to replace the retention plate back to the inverter.
Step #2: Prepare your mounting holes in the marked locations as shown in the illustration below. The LCD module can be securely mounted to your desired location.
Step #3: After LCD module is installed, connect LCD module to the inverter with an optional RJ45 communication cable.
#1. Single Phase in Parallel
#2. Three Phase in Parallel
An inverter is one of the most important pieces of equipment in a solar energy system. It’s a device that converts direct current (DC) electricity, which is what a solar panel generates, to alternating current (AC) electricity, which the electrical grid uses.
As a general rule of thumb, you’ll want to match your solar panel wattage. So if you have a 5000 watt solar panel system, you’ll need at least a 5000 watt inverter.
Off-grid systems require an extra charge controller component to send the solar power to a battery bank before the inverter converts the DC to AC. Standalone solar inverters always need a battery bank to function.
|Model||GMS MAX 7200|
|PHASE||1-phase in/1-phase out|
|Dimension DxWxH (mm)||147.4×432.5×553.6|
|Net Weight (kgs)||18.4|
|Selectable Voltage Range||170-280 VAC (For Personal Computers)|
|90-280 VAC (For Home Appliances)|
|Frequency Range||50 Hz/60 Hz (Auto sensing)|
|AC Voltage Regulation
|220VAC / 230VAC ± 5%|
|Transfer Time||15 ms (For Personal Computers); 20 ms (For Home Appliances)|
|Waveform||Pure sine wave|
|Battery Voltage||48 VDC|
|Floating Charge Voltage||54 VDC|
|Overcharge Protection||66 VDC|
|SOLAR CHARGER & AC CHARGER|
|Maximum PV Array Power||8000W(2*4000W)|
|MPPT Range @ Operating Voltage||90VDC ~ 450VDC|
|Maximum PV Array Open Circuit Voltage||500VDC|
|Maximum Solar Charge Current||80A|
|Maximum AC Charge Current||80A|
|Maximum Charge Current||80A|
|Communication Interface||USB/RS232/RS485/WiFi/Dry contact|
|Humidity||5% to 95% Relative Humidity(Non-condensing)|
|Operating Temperature||-10°C to 50°C|
|Storage Temperature||-15°C to 60°C|
* Product specifications are subject to change without further notice.


With the help of telemedicine we are able to bring our services to you, overcoming the barriers of time, distance, and even illness so that you have access to your provider when you need it most.
Telemedicine allows us to deliver a unique consultation experience to you remotely using HIPAA compliant video conferencing tools. This service allows you to connect to your provider with ease in a timely manner, and is designed with the patient in mind to be very user-friendly. Virtual consultations can be done using devices that most patients have easy access to such as a smartphone or a computer with a built-in video camera, so you won’t need to worry about having any specialized equipment.
Using our telemedicine service is simple, and our friendly staff would be happy to answer any questions you may have about utilizing this service prior to your appointment.request an appointment


WestNIC 2U professional rack-mounted servers are colocated in 4 data centers: Washington D.C., Dallas, TX, Munich and Nuremberg, Germany. Shared servers are connected via 100 Mbps uplinks, but reseller and semi-dedicated servers connected via dual 1000 Mbps uplinks by default (except RS-1). Here is the list of locations and data center information:
Washington D.C. data center is located seven miles from Dulles International Airport in a facility designed to full Tier IV standards. The facility features multiple redundant power connections in addition to the three 2-megawatt generators and eight, fully redundant, 750 kVA UPS systems.
Traceroute or ping IP: 184.108.40.206
Speedtest (download speed) and Washington D.C. data center information: east.speedtest.westnic.net
Most of our 1000 Mbps servers are being hosted in Dallas, perfect central location to all customers.
Traceroute or ping IP: 220.127.116.11
Speedtest (download speed) and Dallas data center information: speedtest.westnic.net
Munich and Nuremberg Certified 100% Green Data Centers have many redundant internet connections to the largest German internet exchange, DE-CIX, as well as a direct connection to German Telekom (Deutsche Telekom), ensure the smooth operation of your internet presence. Perfect location for entire Europe and even East Coast US.
Traceroute or ping IP: 18.104.22.168
Speedtest (download speed) and Nuremberg data center information: speedtest.westnic.de
This data center location is coming by 10/2017
This data center location is coming in mid-2017
This data center location is coming in 03/2018


Wireless Charger & Speaker
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- Unison wireless charging pad and speaker!
- Users can charge Qi-enabled devices wirelessly by placing a compatible device on top of charging pad.
- It features an LED indicator light and micro USB input (cord included).
- The wireless speaker is equipped with high definition Bluetooth 4.2 technology and a non-slip bottom.
- Users simply pair their device with the speaker to enjoy dynamic stereo sound.
- It pairs from up to 30 feet away, making it perfect for homes, offices or outdoor activities.
- It has a 4000 mAh lithium battery included and plays up to 20 hours on a full charge.
- Please note that some computer and laptop USB ports may not supply enough power to charge a device using this charging pad.
- Imprint: Price includes one color imprint
- Set Up Charge $40.00
- Artwork: email to firstname.lastname@example.org
- CALL OR EMAIL TO ORDER


XR1000 Nighthawk Pro Gaming Dual-Band Wireless Gaming Router
XR1000 Nighthawk 6-Stream Wi-Fi 6 5.4Gbps Gaming Router – Leading The New Era of Wi-Fi 6
First Nighthawk® Pro Gaming router with Wi-Fi 6 and DumaOS 3.0, perfectly designed to give you the ultimate gaming experience.
Nighthawk® Pro Gaming XR1000 Wi-Fi 6 Gaming Router improves your internet connection by stabilizing ping, reducing lag spikes, and keeping you in the game with reliable wired and wireless connectivity for fast-paced gaming. Wi-Fi 6 allows more devices to connect and stream simultaneously by efficiently packing and scheduling data. Optimize your gaming experience with reduced ping rates up to 93%*, geo fencing, ping heatmap, and more.


Guide Port Interface with Pass-thru
This device plugs into the parallel port of a PC or laptop computer and converts the D4, D5, D6, and D7 data lines into signals that can be used by the guide port (sometimes referred to as a CCD port) of many types of telescopes. This guide port interface offers many advantages over using a relay box: it is small, requires no power source, and you don't have to worry about getting it wired up. An RJ-12 cable is all that is needed to go from the interface adapter to your guide port.
This adapter uses optocouplers to provide electrical isolation between your computer and your telescope electronics. This helps avoid possible ground loop and noise pickup problems that can be difficult to debug.
This adapter passes the parallel port signals through to another DB-25 female connector, so that the D0, D1, D2, and D3 data lines can be used to control webcams or video devices.
More information can be found by clicking here to view the User Manual. (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader)


Ankaref, founded in 2007 in order to provide solutions in Internet of Things (IoT) sector, became one of the leading IoT companies in the market, and designated as “IoT Service Provider” via successfully accomplished many IoT projects in many industries.
Ankaref has been providing R&D solutions in manufacturing, service, logistics, retail, automotive, defense and healthcare.
Ankaref has been developing its solutions in compliance with International standards in any RFID project. Ankaref has been providing hybrid solutions using both active and passive RFID in different sectors. Having experince to offer turn-key projects, Ankaref is providing service model for customers.


ViBE technology is a powerful ADSL bonding solution that offers a host of features not available from any other single bonding technology. ViBE (Voice & Internet Bandwith Enhancer) is able to stack almost all the bandwidth available on multiple ADSL lines, which means you can utilise all your available bandwidth and cut your infrastructure overheads.
Bonded connectivity typically means joining two or more ADSL lines into a larger single connection. Conventional bonded solutions provide increased download and upload speeds along with improved resiliency making them a good alternative for businesses that have premises in locations where private circuits or fibre channels are not available.
The Problem with Bonding
Depending on the provider and technology used, bonded solutions can provide mixed results, leading to a large percentage of the available bandwidth being lost in the bonding process. Typically a Cisco 2800 series router is employed with WAN Interface cards installed to handle each ADSL line. While this Cisco based solution is robust, it is costly to setup and this high entry level price can put bonding out of the budgets of many businesses.
Bonding with ViBE
ViBE is a peer-to-peer technology that has been developed to create voice enabled network connections using ADSL. ViBE can carry multiple VoIP calls over standard ADSL without loss of quality, typically 56 simultaneous VoIP calls over an ADSL line supporting 512Kbps upload.
Despite being developed to carry VoIP calls ViBE also has the benefit of being able to create VPN tunnels with multiple ADSL lines, which in effect stacks the available bandwidth into a larger single connection. Unlike Cisco based solutions, using ViBE to bond ADSL has a relatively low setup cost. Bonding with ViBE requires a router for each ADSL line and a single piece of ViBE enabled hardware to handle the bonding process.
Multiple Connection Types
ViBE is able to bond most types of connection be it ADSL, SDSL, Ethernet, Leased Line or even 3G. Bonding also allows you to increase your bandwidth as you need it, simply add another ADSL line to your already bonded lines. If your business is moving to cloud based services then extra bandwidth will be vital.
Bonding with ViBE Deployment
In a typical deployment, Powernet would install all the necessary hardware in the customers premises along with a ViBE enabled hardware box. Multiple lines would then be bonded into a larger single connection that would run into Powernet.s MPLS Core Network and ViBE enabled data centre.
Bandwidth Stacking & RAiN Mode
Stacking bandwidth effectively means all the bandwidth available on all lines is combined into one single connection. For example an 8Mbps line stacked with a 12Mbps line gives us a single 20Mbps connection.
RAiN mode is unique to ViBE and is ideal for packet sensitive / real-time applications (VoIP & Citrix) RAiN mode utilises the two available links and sends duplicate data packets across each link, if one link goes down the end user is not affected.
When four lines are available a combination of bandwidth stacking and RAiN mode can be employed to give a high bandwidth connection that is also resilient.


1. Ergonomic recess
for the convenient unlocking of the RJ45 patch connection
2. Up to 10 GBit/s Ethernet
for a performance of up to Class EA /500 MHz
3. 4P Power over Ethernet (4PPoE)
for power supply up to 90 W (PSE)
4. Lightning current 4 kA (10/350 µs)
for universal use as a combined arrester
5. Fully-shielded enclosure design
for all Ethernet applications
6. Screw connection
for additional equipotential bonding
7. Optional adapter and DRC IRCM remote signalling unit
for remote monitoring
8. Earthing contact
for 35 mm DIN rails
9. Status indication
for visual status recognition
Convenient status check.
A red status indicates that the product needs to be replaced, green means it is working fine.
DEHNpatch can be monitored from a distance in combination with optional accessories.
DEHNpatch protects Ethernet infrastructures up to 10 GBit/s and 4PPoE and thus provides effective surge protection for LAN.
Type 1 classification reduces complexity for planning and installation at the lightning protection zones 0A - 2 and higher.
Used for Ethernet infrastructure.
DEHNpatch effectively protects hardware and data and is therefore indispensable in many fields.
The usage possibilities demonstrate the broad range of application of this surge protection for networks and data lines.
Safety and security systems must always be operational. DEHNpatch protects the communication interfaces of fire alarm systems, IP cameras, PoE camera systems and access control systems.
The availability of charging infrastructure is essential for unrestricted electric mobility. DEHNpatch protects the Ethernet interface so that the charging electronics work reliably.
Repair and maintenance work on wind turbines is very complex and expensive. DEHNpatch protects the communication structure in the wind turbine. Practical remote diagnostics save on work and costs.
DEHNpatch protects interlocking, signalling, control and telecommunication systems. The combined arrester with an RJ45 connection system is used to maximise signal availability and minimise downtimes due to damaged or disrupted electrical systems.
DEHNpatch protects applications such as structured cabling, patch rack systems, Ethernet switches and access points against downtimes and damage, thus enabling a seamless flow of data and communication.
In order to secure production processes in industrial plants, you must plan for protection against surges. An important component of the protection solution is DEHNpatch. The surge arrester protects the Ethernet infrastructure and enables quick function checks thanks to the status indication.
Got any questions about the new DEHNpatch?
We are looking forward to hearing from you.
[email protected] +90 541 874 85 04


If you’ve been debating whether or not to get a PC microphone, you likely have concerns regarding its value. When choosing your choice, there are a few things to take into account. Consider your intended use of the microphone first. A less expensive alternative would be adequate if you only plan to use it occasionally to record podcasts or make Skype calls. However, if you intend to use it professionally, such as for music recording or voice-over work, you should spend more money on a better microphone.
Second, think about the additional equipment you already own. You can get a good recording with a less expensive microphone if you have a competent sound card and a quiet space to record in. To get a better recording, you might want to spend a little extra on a microphone for PC if you don’t already have these things. Finally, consider your spending plan. Numerous microphones are offered at different price points.
What Type of Computer Microphone Is Best to Use?
You can choose from a variety of computer-compatible microphones, but which one you pick should depend on your unique requirements. If you want to make or record Skype calls or podcasts, a USB microphone is an easy option. The ideal choice if you need anything for streaming or gaming is a headset with a microphone. There are a few considerations to make when choosing a microphone for your computer.
The type of microphone you purchase depends depend on what you intend to use it for. A microphone made for Skype calls or music recording will look and sound different than one made for gaming. Here are some things to think about before making your purchase of a computer microphone since it is a necessary piece of hardware.
How Does a Computer Microphone Work?
To use a microphone with a computer, you need a sound card and speakers. The microphone picks up sound waves, which are then converted into electronic impulses. The received signals are then digitalized by the sound card. The sound card sends the signals to the speakers, which convert them into audible sound waves.
Acoustic energy can be converted into electrical current via microphones. The computer microphone records sound in a format that is compatible with computers, much like other microphones do. The two types of computer microphones are analog microphones and digital microphones. The analog microphone’s electrical signal is converted into a digital signal by the computer. The digital microphone instantly converts the sound into a digital signal.
What are the Advantages of Using a Computer Microphone?
It can be useful to have a microphone on hand in a number of circumstances. You may benefit in the first place by having a voice of a greater caliber. Your voice will be clearer and unaffected by a microphone. A microphone also helps to reduce background noise, which helps your audience concentrate on what you have to say. Using a microphone when speaking to a large crowd can enhance voice projection and make it simpler for everyone to hear you.


Monokot Server is a cross-platform OPC UA server designed for distributed industrial automation systems (Industry 4.0) and Internet of Things. The server is compatible with Windows and Linux operating systems, as well as x86/x64 and ARM/ARM64 hardware platforms.
Supported drivers for interaction with external devices and services:
- Modbus TCP and Modbus RTU
- S7 protocol for Siemens devices via Ethernet
- SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c
- InfluxDB Connector (representation of time series fields as OPC UA items)
- IEC 60870-5-104 (TCP/IP client)
The server offers the possibility to store industrial data as time series for the following databases:
- MongoDB (and compatible document-oriented databases: Microsoft Azure CosmosDB, Mongo Atlas, Amazon DynamoDB)
- OPC UA
The server supports remote administration, which makes it possible to deploy it on operating systems without a graphical shell.


The installation process
The kiosk is supplied with the customer’s URL configured and the RFID card type (if known). The customer installs the kiosk hardware at the desired location and connects to power and a wired network connection.
Your Condeco representative connects to the kiosk remotely to finalize the configuration (it might be necessary to connect a keyboard and mouse to the kiosk for this step). Condeco configures the following:
- Country, Location, and Floor.
- RFID card reader
If a remote connection is not possible for any reason, Condeco can advise your administrator of the steps required to configure the kiosk software.


What is Electrical Earthing?
In electrical engineering, ground or earth may be the reference point in an electrical circuit from which other voltages are measured, or a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.
The use of the term ground (or earth) is so common in electrical and electronics applications that circuits in portable electronic devices such as cell phones and media players as well as circuits in vehicles such as ships, aircraft, and spacecraft may be spoken of as having a "ground" connection without any actual connection to the Earth. This is usually a large conductor attached to one side of the power supply (such as the "ground plane" on a printed circuit board) which serves as the common return path for current from many different components in the circuit.
A Point Regarding Earthing
We install Electrical Earthing for a variety of environments and needs.
Electrical circuits may be connected to ground (earth) for several reasons. In mains powered equipment, exposed metal parts are connected to ground to prevent contact with a dangerous voltage if electrical insulation fails.


Modern wars have extended the scale of hostilities to the digital space, which has become an important field of confrontation in the battle for consciousness and perception. In this perspective, maintaining regular communication to provide reliable and up-to-date information and protecting the public from disinformation are becoming of the utmost importance.
In this overview, Sayenko Kharenko suggests a brief overview of the current situation in the field of communications:
- Since Russia has begun an invasion of Ukraine, perhaps the largest number of fakes has been about communications. One of the most common fakes is about disabling or blocking mobile communications and the Internet. On the morning of 24 February 2022, the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine (“State Special Communications Service”) reported disinformation in this regard. Similar messages often appear; however, such information is refuted each time. Mobile operators have assured the public that network flexibility, cybersecurity, and other elements should make it possible to maintain communications even during hostilities.
- Possible jamming of communications by the Russian occupation forces in the frontline zone has been reported. However, this information was also
- Restrictions on communication may be imposed by the Ukrainian Government. However, this option is unlikely as it will likely give rise to panic among the population. According to the Security Service of Ukraine, small-scale disconnection is possible for operations to combat sabotage and reconnaissance groups.
- Representatives of telecom operators say that one of the main problems may be the power supply and network damage. Due to the large volume of decentralised commercial telecom infrastructure, the extent of such damage should be significant to cause severe disruptions. On 2 March 2022, one of the largest mobile operators, Kyivstar, reported nearly 500 base stations as disabled. Nevertheless, restoration of network facilities, including in combat areas, is underway. Although objects of critical information infrastructure have not suffered significant damage to date, communication problems are observed in active combat areas.
- The largest mobile operators Kyivstar, lifecell and Vodafone support their subscribers. They facilitate access to their services and provide the opportunity to communicate without replenishing the account or deferring payments. It was also announced that some mobile operators offer free roaming in Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Poland, and Slovakia.
- At the same time, mobile operators blocked access to mobile communications for subscribers of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. On 3 March 2022, the State Special Communications Service also reported that outgoing calls to Russian and Belarusian operators had been blocked. The activation of newly purchased SIM cards was limited.
- On 7 March 2022, the State Special Communications Service announced the launch of testing for national roaming in Ukraine. This will allow users to switch between operators: if the operator’s network has disappeared, one can use the network of another. Currently, national roaming is being offered in the combat zone (Kharkiv, Kherson, Sumy, Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhia, Donetsk, Luhansk, Kirovohrad, Mykolaiv regions). Then it will be rolled out in Chernihiv, Zhytomyr, Cherkasy and Vinnytsia regions, and later on – throughout Ukraine. The test phase of national roaming is launched by Vodafone, Kyivstar and lifecell operators together with the State Special Communications Service, the Ministry of Digital Transformation, and other government agencies.
- Satellite communication was considered as an alternative in case of internet disconnection. In particular, Elon Musk provided Starlink satellite internet stations that do not require traditional network infrastructure to connect. As planned, this should improve Internet access in offline locations. However, it is unclear whether this will have a real impact on the situation in the country in the near future. It is unclear how many stations were delivered and where and how they will be deployed. Moreover, there are issues regarding the power supply of the provided stations and the price of this service. At present, assistance from Musk can serve as a longer-term perspective for the development of the telecom infrastructure in Ukraine.


RPM is the one-stop-shop for telecommunication service providers. We work closely with telecom service providers to offer turn-key design and construction.
Specializing in Fibre Optic Network Design we collaborate with our clients to offer the most efficient and reliable deployments. We don’t stop at design either, offering full, in-house solutions that include permitting, construction, quality testing and maintenance.
Our end-to-end service suits the needs of our clients. We work closely to determine your company’s unique needs and provide the freedom to select the services.
Services provide include:


What is AI Text To Speech Tools?
AI Text to Speech tools are software programs that use artificial intelligence (AI) to convert written text into spoken words. These tools are designed to produce human-like speech that can be used in a variety of applications, such as audiobooks, virtual assistants, chatbots, navigation systems, and more. AI Text to Speech tools are available on almost any device and can be used to turn any type of text into audio files with human-sounding speech.
Why do You Need AI Text To Speech Tools?
✓ AI Text to Speech tools can greatly enhance accessibility for individuals with reading disabilities or visual impairments. These tools allow text-based content to be converted into audio, making it easier for people with disabilities to access and consume information
✓ AI Text to Speech tools enable multitasking by allowing you to listen to written content while performing other tasks. For example, you can listen to articles, emails, or documents while driving, exercising, or doing household chores.
✓ AI Text to Speech tools can be used to create voiceovers for videos, podcasts, or presentations. They offer a wide range of voices and accents, allowing you to customize the audio to suit your needs.
✓ AI Text to Speech tools often provide options to customize the voice, tone, and speed of the generated speech.
Best Free AI Text To Speech Tools 2023
TTSMaker.com is a free online text-to-speech tool that allows users to convert written text into natural-sounding speech. It supports over 100 languages and 100+ voice styles, and utilizes powerful neural network technology to make speech sound more natural. TTSMaker offers a range of features, including the ability to adjust the speaking rate and volume, listen to the converted speech online or download the audio file, and create and listen to audiobook content.
TTS.Monster is an AI-powered text-to-speech (TTS) tool designed specifically for Twitch streamers. It offers a range of features and customization options to enhance the viewer experience, including the ability to use custom voices, adjust the speed and volume of the speech, and add sound effects. TTS.Monster provides access to many iconic voices, including those of popular characters from anime and video games. The tool is completely free to use and can be accessed through its website.
3. TTSLabs AI
TTSLabs.ai is an AI-driven text-to-speech (TTS) service designed specifically for Twitch streamers. It provides a dedicated desktop app that manages and plays back text-to-speech in real-time. TTSLabs offers a range of features that allow content creators to customize their TTS experiences, including the ability to enable custom voices, adjust the speed and volume of the speech, and add sound effects.
Uberduck AI is a web application that allows users to generate high-quality voices by synthesizing their text with Uberduck’s realistic voices or their own custom voices. It offers a range of features, including text-to-speech, voice-to-voice, AI-generated raps, custom voice clones, and API documentation. Uberduck.ai is an open-source AI voice community that utilizes advanced text-to-speech technology to transform written texts into lifelike voices.
MyQueue.so is a web application that allows users to listen to news articles from various sources such as The New York Times, Medium, BBC, and The Guardian. The application is accessible on smartphones and laptops and provides an easy way to stay up to date on the go.
6. MyVocal AI
MyVocal.ai is an AI-powered tool that allows users to clone their voice for singing or speaking purposes. MyVocal.ai also offers text-to-speech functionality, allowing users to convert written text into spoken words using their own cloned voice. Users can record their voice within the platform or upload pre-existing recordings to clone their voice. MyVocal.ai promises to create a unique pitch for every voice clone, allowing users to stand out in content creation or singing projects.
CharacterLingo is a Chrome extension that allows users to transform their writing into the voice of their favorite movie or book character. The extension uses AI technology to analyze the user’s writing and generate a response in the voice of a selected character.
BabylonVoice is a platform that offers AI-based voice services for communication, media, metaverse, games, wallets, and productivity. BabylonVoice offers AI-based voice services, including voice printing, web3 storage, media wallet, voice cloning, and 3D avatars. These services aim to enhance communication, media experiences, and interactions within the metaverse.
Speechify is an AI-powered text-to-speech (TTS) tool that allows users to convert written text into natural-sounding speech. It offers a range of features, including the ability to adjust the speaking rate and volume, listen to the converted speech online or download the audio file, and create and listen to audiobook content. Speechify.com is available as a mobile app on both iOS and Android platforms and as a Chrome extension.


THE Independent Television Authority was brought into being by the Television Act of 1954 and was given the function to provide television broadcasting services, additional to those of the British Broadcasting Corporation and of a high quality, both as to the transmission and as to the matter transmitted, for so much of the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as may from time to time be reasonably practicable.
The service to be provided was that of monochrome pictures transmitted on 405 lines on a band of frequencies which had not previously been used for broadcast purposes, and this commenced with the opening of the London transmitting station at Croydon on the 22nd September, 1955.
Other stations were opened to serve major population areas of the mainland, but it was to be almost seven years before Independent Television was extended to the Channel Islands.
One of the main reasons for this delay was the problem facing the Authority of establishing a link between the mainland and the Islands by means of which mainland originated programmes could be sent to the Islands for rebroadcast locally to supplement those produced in the Islands by Channel Television, the contractor appointed by the Authority.
This problem was finally resolved in the setting up of a receiving station by the British Post Office on Alderney, the nearest point to the mainland, to receive ‘off-air’ transmissions from existing Authority transmitting stations in Cornwall, Devon and on the Isle of Wight.
These signals were then sent across to Jersey on a micro-wave link to be received at Fremont Point, the transmitting station set up by the Authority to serve the Islands, before passing them on a cable to Channel Television Studios in St Helier.
The output from the studio which could be either their locally produced programmes and advertisements, or the ‘network’ programmes brought over from the mainland, were then sent on a second cable to Fremont Point for transmission to local audience.
The service continued in this form until, following the introduction in 1969 of the Authority’s colour transmissions to the new standard of 625 lines, the decision was taken to extend this service to the Islands.
It was accepted then that it would be necessary to reengineer the link between the mainland and the Islands to handle the more critical wide-band colour signals and to improve on the reliability and quality of the picture signals which had been transmitted on the original monochrome service.
The British Post Office were no longer responsible for the receiving station on Alderney and it was therefore necessary for the Authority to carry out this work themselves.
This work included the complete re-equipping of the receiving station for operation on Band IV, Channel 23, to receive off-air colour signals from the Authority’s Stockland Hill transmitting station in Devon, replacement of the micro-wave link between Alderney and Fremont Point, installation of a new aerial system, buildings and transmitters at Fremont Point, and the building and installation of a new station at Les Touillets, Guernsey.
The employment of high quality solid state equipment designed for long life and unattended operation was a basic pre-requisite in the design philosophy applied to these projects.
One such area on which considerable development work was undertaken was in the design of a unique computer controlled aerial receiving system installed on Alderney to pick up the mainland originated network programmes, which has the ability to alter its electrical characteristics to reject interference from unwanted stations.
A second aerial system is employed on Alderney, spaced some distance away from the other aerial to give a measure of diversity in reception to meet fading conditions as they arise.
There is a large element of duplication of equipment to reduce the possibility of complete breakdowns of the service to an absolute minimum.
In parallel with the development work and installation on Alderney there was work to do in providing the accommodation and equipment for transmitting stations on Jersey and on Guernsey, and work in this direction commenced with the necessary extensions to Fremont Point in January, 1975.
It was necessary also to provide accommodation for the BBC who, under a nationally agreed plan would move into Authority sites on the Islands to share our facilities.
Most important of those facilities is the transmitting aerial system at the top of our masts from which all of the television services, IBA or BBC, are radiated.
The advantages of this is that viewers need only one receiving aerial to feed their receiver, pointing in the general direction of the transmitting station, to receive ITV, BBC 1, BBC 2, or Channel Four programmes.
All of this installation work was carried out over a six month period to be completed in April, 1976. This was followed by a period of colour transmissions for the benefit of trade and public alike, the colour service being opened officially by Lady Plowden, then Chairman of the IBA, on Monday, 26th July, 1976.
This however was not the end of the story as coverage from transmitting stations in Band IV and V is not as great as that of Band III and it has been necessary to identify areas of poor reception and to build low power relay stations in those areas to improve the level of received signals.
A number of those areas have already been dealt with with relay stations built and operational at La Collette, St Anne and St Peter Port, with others at varying stages of planning and construction at Torteval, Guernsey, and Mont Orgueil Castle, Jersey.
Whilst we were seven years behind the mainland in the provision of the original 405 line monochrome and the 625 line colour service, the Islands were more fortunate in the approval by the Authority for a major installation programme to be carried out on Fremont Point and on Alderney in 1982 for the provision of the new Channel Four programme service to be opened in November of that year.
This major work was carried out successfully and the Islands had Channel Four programmes available to them from the start of this service in the U.K. Some work remains to be carried out to provide the Channel Four service from the remaining transmitters in the Islands group and it is expected that this work will be completed by the end of 1984.
This story began with the opening of the Authority’s 405 line monochrome service to the Islands in 1962, and it is perhaps fitting that as we celebrate the 21st Anniversary of Channel Television, and ITV, in the Islands, the story should close with the news that this 405 line service is to close in January, 1984.
I think all will agree that it served us well in its time, but, with advancing technology and the added dimension of colour, it could serve us no more.


FHSS or Fix Frequency transmission; 5. RF output power up to 30dbm(adjustable); 6. 8dbi antenna with effect distance up to 6m8m; 7. Support auto-running, interactive and tri. RU5106 is a high performance UHF RFID integrated reader.
Support ISO18000-6B, ISO18000-6C(EPC C1G2) protocol tag. 865868MHz, 902928MHz frequency band(frequency customization optional).
FHSS or Fix Frequency transmission. RF output power up to 30dbm(adjustable). 8dbi antenna with effect distance up to 6m8m.Support auto-running, interactive and trigger-activating work mode. Low power dissipation with single +9V DC power supply. Support RS232, RS485, Wiegand interface.
Effective distance depends on antenna, tag and environment. Product name: UHF middle range integrated reader. This item is in the category "Business & Industrial\Facility Maintenance & Safety\Access Control Equipment\Safes". The seller is "2020augustshop" and is located in this country: US.
This item can be shipped to United States.


The Heartbleed bug allows anyone on the Internet to read the user names and passwords, instant messages, emails and business critical documents and communication protected by the vulnerable versions of the OpenSSL software. It compromises the secret keys used to identify the service providers and to encrypt the traffic. This allows attackers to eavesdrop on communications, steal data directly from the services and users and to impersonate services and users.
I have been compiling code for over 15 years. If you have servers or applications that use the SSLEAY libraries, your app is vulnerable. Call me at (831) 531-4107. I CAN HELP YOU FIX THIS.


VP-Unico, founded mid-2008 by Peter Van Passel, is a young and flexible organisation, specialised in Cisco Unified Communications Consultancy.
VP-Unico delivers Unified Communications Consultancy services to end customers and/or network integrators that need assistance within the different phases of the Cisco Lifecycle Services Approach of Unified Communications projects: Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate and Optimize.
Peter Van Passel, our Cisco Unified Communications expert and one of the few engineers in Belgium that hold the CCIE Voice certification, has more than 10 years experience with the Cisco Unified Communications product portfolio and is holding different Cisco certifications like:
· Cisco Certified Internetworking Expert Voice (CCIE Voice#20019)
· Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)
· Cisco IP Contact Center Express Specialist (IPCCX)
· Cisco Lifecycle Services Advanced Unified Communications
Before he founded VP-Unico, Peter Van Passel has worked for a network integrator on worldwide Cisco Unified Communication projects, mainly for the TOP-100 Belgium based companies in different market segments: Finance, Government, Healthcare, Industry and Education.


The unsung enablers of this digital symphony in the world of contemporary communication and information exchange, where data flows at the speed of light and connections span continents, are fiber optic patch cord suppliers. These vendors are the masterminds behind seamless connectivity, creating the vital channels that connect the entire world through lightning-fast data transfer. To know more about click https://www.bonelinks.com/fiber-optic-patch-cord-supplier/
We examine the vital function that suppliers of fiber optic patch cords play in the intricate web of global interaction networks. The foundation of high-speed data transmission systems is made up of these understated but essential components, which allow us to browse the internet, stream films, make phone calls, and conduct trade internationally.
A fiber optic patch cable supplier’s job is to create, produce, and market high-caliber patch cords that enable dependable and quick data transmission in a variety of applications. They make sure that their products meet industry standards and are tailored to the individual requirements of their clients.
In today’s communication networks, a fiber optic patch cord supplier plays a key and diverse function in ensuring smooth and effective data transmission. The design, production, distribution, and support of fiber optic patch cords—essential parts for establishing high-speed connections over optical fibers—are crucially dependent on these vendors.
Fiber optic patch cords, which are crucial parts for establishing high-speed connections using optical fibers, are designed, produced, distributed, and supported in large part by fiber optic patch cable suppliers. Their job descriptions are as follows:
Providers of fiber optic patch rope develop and produce patch cords in accordance with client specifications and industry standards. To ensure the highest level of performance, the least amount of signal loss, and longevity, they carefully choose the materials, connections, and cable types. Manufacturers might also hire cutting-edge methods to improve signal quality and lower congestion.
Keeping their items reliable and of great quality is a provider’s top priority. To ensure that patch cords fulfill tight performance standards, they do thorough testing. Measurements of insertion loss, go-back loss, and other factors that affect record transmission quality are part of these assessments.
There are many different fiber optic patch cord lengths, connector types, and cable specifications. To meet specific customer needs, suppliers offer customization options. Clients can choose the precise specifications needed for their network setups, assuring interoperability and the safest information transfer.
The need for transmitting statistics changes along with technological advancement. Leading providers are at the forefront of innovation, implementing cutting-edge fiber optic developments into their products. This might entail developing cords that are more capable in terms of bandwidth, have less signal loss, and are more resistant to outside influences.
Reputable suppliers provide their clients with technical support. They provide advice on selecting the appropriate patch cords for certain applications, resolving connectivity problems, and assisting clients in streamlining their community configurations. Technical support is essential, especially for companies managing intricate voice systems.
The standards and regulations for data transfer elements vary by industry. Suppliers of fiber optic patch wire make sure that their products adhere to these industry-specific standards. The patch cables will smoothly blend into a variety of community situations thanks to this adherence to standards.
A patch cord supplier’s job involves developing and keeping excellent relationships with customers. They make an effort to comprehend the special requirements and difficulties of each of their clients, providing customized remedies and creating long-lasting relationships. Strong client relationships are crucial for both long-term success and mutual progress.
For fiber optic patch cords to be reliable, effective, and safe, quality control and certification are crucial components. To guarantee constant product quality, trustworthy suppliers frequently implement quality control procedures and certifications. To show their dedication to delivering trustworthy products, they may follow ISO standards or other sector-specific certifications.
Suppliers of fiber optic patch cords are essential to the planning, production, and delivery of the parts that support a wide range of industries, including telecommunications, data centers, healthcare, finance, education, and others. The patch cables exceed strict standards thanks to their dedication to quality control and credentials, which guarantees maximum performance and fewer signal losses.