AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is an open and standardized automotive software architecture. It is jointly developed by automobile manufacturers, suppliers and tool developers in 2003. This was an important milestone in the development of modern automotive technology. AUTOSAR is the basis for the development of the new modules in the automotive systems and represents the newest worldwide automotive trend. The goal is the development of a reference architecture for ECU (Electronic Control Unit)software that can manage the growing complexity of ECUs in modern vehicles.
AUTOSAR includes software architecture, methodology and templates, conformance testing, and application interfaces.
Why is AUTOSAR introduced?
The ever-increasing E/E (Electric/Electronic) complexity of automotive systems was a major motivation which led to the development of the standard. For example, a modern car may have more than 100 ECUs (Electronic Control Units). Each of them contains thousands of functions which must often be rewritten/updated from scratch when the hardware layer is changed. It will become very complex to change the whole function and implement it in a required way.
During the last decades, a large number of mechanical components have been replaced by mechatronic components which have involved electronics and software to control the mechanical hardware. The increasing amount of software, networks, and dependencies has made the automotive systems increasingly complex.
There were some more major issues as well-
- Managing the growing complexity of automotive E/E systems.
- Flexibility for product modification, upgrade and update.
- Scalability of solutions within and across product lines.
- Quality and reliability of E/E system
Hence, in such situations, automotive giants were expected to cooperate together in order to make application software independent from hardware to avoid these dependencies of S/W and H/W on each other.
In order to solve these rising issues and to accomplish the Automobile industry goal, AUTOSAR was introduced by a group of OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers in 2003 in partnership. It was introduced with some basic functions to make software independent in terms of reusability and scalability. Hence, AUTOSAR has become an industry-wide standard core solution for the whole automobile industry.
Motto of AUTOSAR is a simple one –
“Cooperate on standards, compete on implementation”
Overview of AUTOSAR
AUTOSAR software is more transferable. This means, this software is designed in such a way that it can be easily shared between different vehicle systems, which are independent of the system’s underlying hardware. AUTOSAR improved this domain by standardizing component interaction. Till date, most of the component software is developed according to the underlying hardware. AUTOSAR has reduced this constraint by implementing a standardized interface between application software and its hardware. It has introduced a hardware independent component software.
AUTOSAR has made the software more scalable. This is important if we are creating systems that have the potential to change and grow. AUTOSAR improved scalability by standardizing port interfaces.
We can summarize the AUTOSAR goals as below-
· Standardization of basic software functionality of automotive ECUs
· Scalability to different vehicle and platform variants
· Transferability of embedded software
· Support of different functional domains
· Definition of an open AUTOSAR architecture
· Collaboration between various embedded partners
· Development of highly dependable systems
· Support of applicable automotive international standards and state-of- the-art technologies
AUTOSAR consists of software architecture, methodology and templates, conformance testing, and application interfaces. It builds on both model-based and component-based techniques. The first release of AUTOSAR was launched in 2006 and the latest release, 4.0, in January 2010. AUTOSAR has also introduced a reference architecture for ECU (Electronic Control Unit) software, which can overcome the growing complexity of software in modern vehicles and make it an easier one to implement in terms of its architecture as well as its use.
We can roughly divide AUTOSAR into three major layers
-the basic software
-the runtime environment and
-the application layer
Stay with us for more details of AUTOSAR and its insights in the next blog.


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Hello, so my internet icon tells me I don't have internet, mousing over it shows me two networks (Network 1 and Network 2), and I am apparently connected to neither, while I do have internet (as should be obvious). Resetting my router fixes the issue (but I really don't want to reset it just because of a visual but extremely annoying issue) until I turn the PC off and on again. Any tips?
[Edited by OnlyLagKillsMe, 1/27/2014 8:35:37 PM]
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To assess local demand for fibre broadband the Isle of Wight can not only compete in a unique “race” for super-fast broadband but be in with a chance of winning £5,000 of computer equipment for a local community project.
The five areas with the largest percentage of votes in the UK by December 31st 2010 will win the chance to bring superfast broadband to their area. BT will also donate £5,000 of computer equipment to a local community project.
Households and businesses will be able to demonstrate local demand for super-fast fibre broadband by taking part in a nationwide BT survey, run as a competition called the Race to Infinity. The winning areas will be upgraded by early 2012 at the latest.
The race – which runs until December 31st 2010 at www.bt.com/racetoinfinity – will map demand for fibre broadband across the UK, helping BT identify “hot spots” where demand is high. The data will be used to influence the company’s future deployment plans.
BT will upgrade the five exchanges with the highest demand 1 by early 2012 at the latest. The company is also pledging to engage with any community not winning the competition where at least 75 per cent of homes and businesses have voted for super-fast broadband. All possibilities of bringing fibre broadband to the area will be explored.
BT will have made super-fast broadband available to 4 million premises by the end of 2010, but it will still have more than 12 million further premises to reach as part of its plan to deliver fibre broadband to two thirds of the UK by 2015. By taking part in the survey, communities will have the opportunity to make their voices heard as the company decides where else to deploy the technology.
John Weaver, BT’s South East regional director, said: “This is a golden opportunity for people in the Hampshire to demonstrate the level of demand for fibre broadband in their communities.
“This data will help determine where fibre broadband will be deployed over the next few years so it’s vital for the county that residents take the time to complete this survey and help keep the South East at the forefront of the broadband revolution.”
Participants can vote for fibre broadband on the Race to Infinity website, which will show the number and percentage of votes received for each exchange. The site will display the top five exchanges leading the race as exchanges hit 1,000 votes.
The website also offers downloadable information packs, flyers and posters for people who want to become active super-fast broadband campaigners. The communities having the most success with campaigns could qualify for BT support with stickers, badges, a digital camera or money towards a local radio promotion.
The BT roll-out of super-fast broadband is one of the most ambitious fibre programmes in the world not reliant on public sector support. But support will be needed for exchanges in the “final third” of the UK where deploying fibre is commercially non-viable.
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The Sony Xperia Z5 Dual Sim is an advanced phone that takes the concept of multitasking to the next level. Its design elements include straight lines and a sparkling gold finish. Boasting a 23MP rear camera, this phone is capable of capturing lifelike pictures. The 5x zoom features the all new Clear Image Zoom technology, which brings subjects located far away closer to your line of sight by as much as five times. Use the 5MP front camera for capturing those funky selfies with immense quality. Conveniently focus on the subject you want to capture within just 0.03 seconds with the Hybrid Autofocus function. The WiFi and the latest 4G LTE connectivity options provide you with flawless access to the Internet at massive speeds. Store all your important data conveniently in the phone’s 32GB internal memory that can be increased up to 200GB with the help of an external microSD card. In addition, you can also accommodate two SIM cards at a time on this phone for using two different contact numbers simultaneously.


A LARGE-SCALE 5G TESTBED
The athens.5Glink initiative was launched with the aim to enable, in an integrated large-scale end-to-end testbed, the experimentation on 5G and future network technologies. Athens.5Glink will be openly accessible to the 5G community for real-life demonstration, validation and assessment of cutting-edge technologies.
We have formed a team of five organisations with strong background and interest in 5G research and experimentation. The National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" is the biggest research centre in engineering and applied sciences in Greece. The Municipality of Egaleo (western Athens) is increasingly active in R&D activities around "connected cities" COSMOTE is the biggest telecom operator in Greece (mobile and landline network). ORION Innovations is a highly innovative SME with deep knowledge of cutting-edge software network technologies. UBITECH is also a highly innovative SME with expertise on the design and implementation of intelligent orchestration mechanisms.
Athens.5Glink currently involves two main sites, planning to add more in the near future. The campus of NCSR "Demokritos", in north-east Athens, is a 150-acre area, combining indoor and outdoor environments, covered by five software-driven 5G wireless nodes and supported by an optical backbone. The stadium of Egaleo, in west Athens, is going to be an actual "field" testbed, supporting a wide variety of real-life scenarios, ranging from massive MTC to flash crowd events.
Athens.5Glink is planned to be a neutral infrastructure, able to accommodate a multitude of vendors and technologies. The expertise of the team is mainly in software network innovations, including SDN/NFV, edge computing and software-driven small cells.
The athens.5Glink team already has a strong presence in the EU 5G PPP programme, with its members actively participating in 14 Phase1/Phase2 5G projects: SESAME, SONATA, COHERENT, 5G-Xhaul, CHARISMA, 5GESSENCE, 5GTANGO, IoRL, MATILDA, 5G-PICTURE, 5G-PHOS, 5G-MEDIA, SLICENET and BlueSpace - also maintaining a strong liaison with most key European players and R&D initiatives in the 5G landscape.


How do firewalls work?
There are multiple types of firewalls, each using a different approach to traffic filtering. First generation firewalls worked as packet filters, comparing basic information such as original source and destination of the packet, the port being used, or the protocol against a predefined list of rules.
Second generation comprised the so-called stateful firewalls, which added another parameter to the filter setup, namely connection state. Based on this information, the technology could determine if the packet was starting the connection, was a part of an existing connection or wasn’t involved at all.
What are the benefits of using a firewall?
The biggest benefit for users is enhanced security. By using a firewall you set up a security perimeter that can help to protect your computer or network from harmful incoming traffic.
This technology can also filter harmful outgoing traffic. By doing this it lowers the chance of undetected data exfiltration by a malicious insider as well as reduces the risk that the devices behind the firewall will become a part of a botnet - a large group of internet-connected devices enslaved by the attackers for malevolent purposes.
Firewalls are especially beneficial for companies with networks consisting of several internet-connected endpoints. If the firewall is properly set up at the edge of such network, it creates a single point of entry where some of the incoming threats can be identified and mitigated.
It also separates the company’s internal systems from the public internet, and thus creates a protected environment where data can flow more freely and more securely.


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Have you ever heard about the wireless charging technology? If not, you will come to know about it in this post. Yes, wireless charging also exists in the world and it can be achieved by a small sized chip. Powermat is the company that makes wireless charging systems for mobile phones, Bluetooth stereo head sets, wireless mice, and many other devices. Read the rest of this entry »
The most creative and fashionable electronic products selling company Apple will introduce its iPhone5 with a highly improved design. The latest rumor in the news is that the iPhone5 is going to feature the curved glass screen. The fifth generation iPhone will offer high value and ease of use of the phone for the Apple fans. Read the rest of this entry »


If you want to know how to connect your iPhone to TV, there are several ways you can do it. The most common way is by using a USB cable. This is actually the simplest way to connect your iPhone to your TV and the most popular one in fact. There are however more advanced methods which can be used instead of a USB cable. One of the most popular ways is through using a WiFi adapter. With this method, you can actually connect your iPhone directly to your PC.
These adapters are specifically designed to be used with Windows computers. You can use it so that your iPhone will work fine but it won’t show up on your TV screen. Instead, you’ll be able to see your phone’s IP address through the router in your home or office. A second benefit is that you can browse the Internet using your phone without having to use your phone.
Aside from using an adapter, you can also connect your iPhone to your television. All you need to do is to use some special adapters which can be purchased in different places. Some of these adapters are even already mounted on your television. However, some people prefer to mount their adapters so that they can see their iPhone whenever they want to use it. It’s a way to make it convenient to use your phone on your television while using the same connection as your laptop.


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ARM processors are at the heart of every portable electronic device, like mobiles, switches, and portable devices. Low power consumption is the very critical requriements of all battery powered portable devices. This is the most important characteristic of ARM processor that leads to its wide usage in all portable devices. ARM processors are also widely used in embedded systems applications. The current requirements of embedded systems require ARM processors to do much more than the simple phone processor. The ARM Architecture Training course covers wide range of processors comprising the ARMv7 & ARMv8 architectures.
The ARM Architecture Training course also gives overview of how ARM processors are targeted across various SoC requirements. It also gives quick overview of how ARM architecture is different with Intel standard IA32 architecture


If you have been reading my posts lately, you will notice that I have been working a lot with the ESP8266 wireless module. To make it easier to work with, I made an ESP8266 DIY Programmer Cradle. Here is what it looks like (without and with the ESP8266 plugged in):
You may notice that I made several of them, some with a 100uF capacitor between Volts and Ground and some without. There are two jumpers, one for GPIO00 and one for GPIO02. When programming the ESP8266, GPIO00 is jumpered to Ground (otherwise it is ‘floating’, i.e., not jumpered). An LED is attached to GPIO02 for testing. Take a look at my MicroPython Web server script mentioned in this post to see how to toggle the LED On/Off. The 6 pin header on the side is connected to a USB to Serial adapter for power and/or programming.
The wiring for the ESP826 and the ‘cradle’ are shown in these graphics:
Get the Fritzing diagram source HERE. The ESP8266 DIY Programmer Cradle is powered by a USB to Serial Adapter (jumpered to 3.3V) like the one shown below:
If you add a power pack (for example, one that is used to charge a phone):
you’ll have a portable ESP8266 based wireless module. In any case, with the ESP8266 DIY Programmer Cradle, I have an easy and fast way to plugin, program and test the ESP8266 modules.


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Today there's more and more confidential information located online. As a result security has become a number one concern for businesses and governments worldwide. IT Managers responsible for the security of these confidential documents need to have confidence that their systems are in place and working effectively and reliably. Do you have that confidence?
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Benefits of Technology and CommunicationJuly 26, 2022 12:00 am Leave your thoughts
Technology comes with revolutionized the way we talk to others. By using the internet and mobile phones, cope with have to travelling miles approach someone. Speech, text, and video calls can become used to communicate with others. Technology is making it easier to share options and get in touch with clients, personnel, and customers more effectively. Listed below are some of the features of this modern medium of communication. If you’re considering using technology in your business, consider these tips.
The world is now incredibly connected, thanks to advancements in cellular technologies. These kinds of technologies happen to be small and low-cost enough to choose just about any device into a interaction device. The Internet of Details, or IoT, describes this trend. You can actually connect your bulbs, refrigerator, passing bell, or everything else with wi-fi capability. You may also outfit the car with cellular capabilities and access to all sorts of services. IoT technology is used by businesses to monitor remote accessories and react to changes at the factory flooring.
Information solutions have become imperative for social relations and research. Even though traditional forms of communication require face-to-face get in touch with, researchers feel that information systems have streamlined this process. Also https://technologyform.info/2021/07/12/generated-post-2/ in communities wherever people know each other, various prefer conntacting the other person through social networking. This technology has helped us reach a larger audience, and minimizes conversation delays. So if you want to get the message throughout to a bigger audience, reap the benefits of technology today.
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While the LG Nexus 4 wins on internal performance and user experience, anyone shopping for an unlocked phone should consider a comparable LTE handset first.
The good Competitively priced; delivers a pure and polished experience with Android 4.2 Jelly Bean; is powered by a snappy quad-core processor; packed with new photo-editing and camera features.
The bad Construction is solid but uninspiring; call volume is too low, lacks 4G LTE.
With its recent history of mediocre handsets, LG needs something other than the Optimus G to be its Hail Mary that can carry it to the top. Unfortunately, the Nexus 4 isn’t quite it.
Don’t get me wrong, the device itself performs excellently, and some of the specs are certainly impressive: the quad-core CPU is swift, the Jelly Bean Android OS runs as smooth as butter, and all the subtle new features work well without being too unintuitive or burdensome.
But Google’s flagship phone is missing one huge feature that caught us all off guard. The Nexus, which is supposed to represent Android in its most modern, so-high-tech-that-it’s-on-the-bleeding-edge form, isn’t 4G LTE-enabled.
Instead, it operates on “4G-ish” technology (GSM/HSPA+), and comes unlocked from Google (starting on November 13, the 8GB and 16GB versions will be US$299 and US$349, respectively) or on T-Mobile (after signing a carrier agreement, the 16GB model will be US$199 and will begin selling the day after). If your carrier is T-Mobile you won’t care much, since the network runs on HSPA+ anyway. But for those who had been planning on buying the unlocked model and using it on, say, AT&T’s 4G LTE network, the news is truly a downer.
Truth is, while HSPA+ can be as fast as LTE, for the average consumer LTE is expected on high-end phones. Jelly Bean and the pure Android experience will be important for OS enthusiasts, but this phone should have had both. And yes, I know the Galaxy Nexus didn’t have LTE, either, when the technology was available. I was disappointed then, too, even though the network wasn’t as robust. But now that LTE is so widespread, the Nexus 4 shouldn’t get a pass. A handset this high-caliber should have LTE capability, especially these days, when so much time has passed since LTE’s launch and even midrange devices come with it.


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SEA software engineers are recognized contributors to the open source community (Plankton) and have presented at the prestigious O’Reilly International Open Source and Google I/O Conferences.


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That is, when they want to send a message, they give the message to TCP. Because TCP and IP take care of all the networking details, the applications protocols can treat a network connection as if it were a simple byte stream, like a terminal or phone line. So far, we have described only connections that use TCP. Recall that TCP is responsible for breaking up messages into datagrams, and reassembling them properly. However in many applications, we have messages that will always fit in a single datagram.
Domain Name Servers are the Internet’s equivalent of a phone book. They maintain a directory of domain names and translate them to numerical IP addresses. These IP addresses are used to identify and locate the web-servers on the Internet. We are not going to describe the application protocols in detail in this document.
There are a range of different protocols to do different jobs on the network. Header Files – The header contains information that is used by the protocols and layers. – A header has several distinct units of information known as fields. – Each datagram contains a header as well as the actual data. Gateway Address A Gateway Address is the IP address through which a particular network, or host on a network, may be reached. If one network host wishes to communicate with another network host, and that host is not located on the same network, then a gateway must be used.
- The subset of them that is managed by the Department of Defense is referred to as the “DDN” .
- Daemons are special system applications which typically execute continuously in the background and await requests for the functions they provide from other applications.
- This is where the network applications, such as web browsers or email programs, operate.
- This rather conservative strategy is used because of the number of implementations with bugs in the code to reassemble fragments.
- Different implementers take different approaches to deciding when it is safe to use large datagrams.
- This server will take care of contacting the other servers for them.
And supports network packets containing control, error, and informational messages. ICMP is used by such network applications as the ping utility, which can determine the availability of a network host or device. Examples of some error messages returned by ICMP which are useful to both network crossgrid.org hosts and devices such as routers, include Destination Unreachable and Time Exceeded. First, it is necessary to understand the model on which IP is based.IP assumes that a system is attached to some local network. A gateway is a system that connects a network with one or more other networks.
Although it was possible that OSI or another solution could have solved this problem, the Internet’s protocols achieved this objective. This thesis shows how the networks converged around TCP/IP. For example, a printer needs to send messages to a computer telling it that it has run out of paper or that it is ready to print while a computer needs to send the data it wants to print to the printer. Computers need to send data between themselves so that, for example, email can be exchanged and the Internet can function. When two devices want to successfully communicate, they must agree to follow some rules about the way they will do it.
Arbitration and Class Action Waiver
Of course this should be impossible, but well-designed networks are built to cope with “impossible” conditions.At this point, it’s possible that no more headers are needed. If your computer happens to have a direct phone line connecting it to the destination computer, or to a gateway, it may simply send the datagrams out on the line . The Internet is a collection of networks, including the Arpanet, NSFnet, regional networks such as NYsernet, local networks at a number of University and research institutions, and a number of military networks. The term “Internet” applies to this entire set of networks. The subset of them that is managed by the Department of Defense is referred to as the “DDN” .


Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Secure Computing Corporation (SCC) was a public company that developed and sold computer security appliances and hosted services to protect users and data. McAfee acquired the company in 2008. The company also developed filtering systems used by governments such as Iran and Saudi Arabia that blocks their citizens from accessing information on ...
A payment gateway is a merchant service provided by an e-commerce application service provider that authorizes credit card or direct payments processing for e-businesses, online retailers, bricks and clicks, or traditional brick and mortar.
To determine the SMS gateway domain, e.g., txt.att.net, may require research - but most users know who their carrier is.Observe that the telephone number in this example for a US number is expressed as ten (10) digits, without the country code (1) and without dashes or other separator characters when composing the email address.
Internet Gateway Device (IGD) Standardized Device Control Protocol is a protocol for mapping ports in network address translation (NAT) setups, supported by some NAT-enabled routers. It is a common communications protocol for automatically configuring port forwarding , and is part of an ISO / IEC Standard  rather than an Internet Engineering ...
Secure by design, in software engineering, means that software products and capabilities have been designed to be foundationally secure.. Alternate security strategies, tactics and patterns are considered at the beginning of a software design, and the best are selected and enforced by the architecture, and they are used as guiding principles for developers.
The default gateway can be specified by the route command to configure the node's routing table and default route. In a home or small office environment, the default gateway is a device, such as a DSL router or cable router, that connects the local network to the Internet. It serves as the default gateway for all network devices.
Microsoft Forefront Unified Access Gateway (UAG) was a software suite that provides secure remote access to corporate networks for remote employees and business partners. Its services include reverse proxy , virtual private network (VPN), DirectAccess and Remote Desktop Services .
Internet security is a branch of computer security.It encompasses the Internet, browser security, web site security, and network security as it applies to other applications or operating systems as a whole.


The MLLP has obtained competitive results in the IWSLT 2015 evaluation campaign on speech recognition, which were presented on 3–4 December in Da Nang, Vietnam. The MLLP’s ASR results were the only ones based completely on internally developed technology (the TLK toolkit for speech recognition). See here the full results of the IWSLT 2015 EN ASR evaluation campaign.
The MLLP is participating in the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) 2015, which will take place on 3–4 December in Da Nang, Vietnam. The MLLP will present ASR results obtained with internally developed technology (the MLLP’s TLK toolkit for speech recognition).
The MLLP was represented by its members Jorge Civera and Gonçal Garcés at the Translating Europe Forum 2015 conference, which took place in Brussels on 29 and 30 October, organized by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Translation. Read here more about the event, and watch how we participated in the debate.
On 18 September, MLLP director Dr. Alfons Juan delivered a keynote speech on language technologies for education at the UNESCO-sponsored Internet of Education Conference 2015 in Sarajevo. The recording of the speech is now available for watching online.


2018 Computex will be held from June 6 to 9 at Taipei World Trade Center. In addition to Artificial Intelligence, IoT, innovation, e-sport gaming and VR, 5G and block chain are also popular issues included in Computex this year. It is also expected that over 1600 companies with their latest and trendy products will join this fantastic gathering together.
Macronix is honored to be invited to join Digitimes AIoT Ecosystem Forum and give a speech at the mobile session.
Time: June 6th, 11:10am- 11:40am.
Topic: IoT Evolution with 5G: Hyper-scale Connectivity, Ultra-low Energy
Place: The One @ Taipei 101
LTE IoT is paving ways for 5G IoT
With the further development of IoT application and communication technology, the needs of connection and computing are differentiated and the requirements of hyper-scale connectivity and low power consumption are raised. LTE IoT is exactly the best basis for the development of 5G IoT. Its broader signal coverage rate and longer battery life support all the possibilities of various IoT applications.
Macronix has its own R&D and manufacturing capability, providing customers with low power consumption, wide range Vcc, wafer lever chip scale package (WLSCP), and security solutions for IoT applications. Macronix is also having close cooperation with leading networking/ communication manufactures.


Corporate Conference Rooms
Integrated Audio Video knows that technology in your corporate conference rooms can make or break important business deals. Nothing kills confidence faster than audio and video equipment that doesn’t work during those important meetings. And worse yet, are complicated to manage and share.
Don’t leave this mission critical element of your business to chance. Contact Integrated Audio Video right away to ensure your equipment is enabling your business for success.
Integrated Audio Video provides solutions for corporate conference rooms and meeting facilities that help businesses and organizations of all types communicate more effectively whether face to face or through video and audio conferences with clients, vendors or employees.
Some of our services include:
- Indoor/Outdoor Audio Systems
- Commercial Grade Audio Video Systems
- Surveillance Systems
- Data/Telephone Networks
- Voltage Stabilization and Surge Equipment
- Touchscreen Control Systems
- Microphone Mixing and Paging System
- Video Scaling/Distribution
- Audio/Video Mounting Fixtures
- SFX/Club Lighting Systems
- Indoor/Outdoor Electronics
- Sound Masking Systems


By MAIMBOLWA MULIKELELA-
THURAYA Telecommunications, a leading Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) operator has entered into an agreement with Bharti Airtel International to provide its customers with mobile satellite products and services across 17 countries in Africa.
The partnership will provide Airtel Africa customers voice and broadband connectivity via Thuraya’s satellite network across the continent’s most remote areas.
Starting from May onwards, Airtel Africa will sell Thuraya’s products and airtime packages at their retail outlets and through their Enterprise account team.
In a statement issued in Lusaka yesterday, Thuraya chief executive officer Samer Halawi said: “Thuraya’s partnership with Airtel Africa is a very positive development in bridging the digital divide in Africa.
“We recognise the massive impact that access to reliable communications can have on the lives of ordinary people.”
Mr Halawi said the company’s robust satellite network would enable Airtel Africa to provide its consumer and enterprise users with reliable, high quality voice and broadband services.
He said Thuraya was well-positioned to support customer-centric mobile operators like Airtel Africa that are looking to extend their network and services with satellite-based solutions.
Airtel Africa chief executive officer Christian de Faria said:”Providing reliable connectivity in many remote parts of Africa can be challenging. “This partnership enables us to further extend our coverage and services for businesses and general consumers who live or work in very remote areas.
Thuraya’s satellite services will be combined with the reliable, high-quality voice calls and broadband access that our customers are accustomed to experiencing in our urban centers.”


Narendra Modi launched the 5G services at the sixth edition of the Indian Mobile Congress on October 1. In 2023, Jio and Airtel will be rolling out their 5G services in various cities in India. 5G services will work only in 5G smartphones. Jio is working with OEMs to support all 5G-eligible smartphones. Jio has rolled out services in around 75 cities. Here is the list of cities where Jio is offering 5G services.
Cities With Jio 5G Services
- October 4, 2022: Delhi, Mumbai, Varanasi, Kolkata
- October 22, 2022: Nathdwara, Chennai
- November 10, 2022: Bengaluru, Hyderabad
- November 11, 2022: Gurugram, Noida, Ghaziabad, Faridabad
- November 23, 2022: Pune
- November 25, 2022: 33-districts of Gujarat
- 14 December 2022: Ujjain temples
- December 20, 2022: Kochi, Guruvayur temple
- 26 December 2022: Tirumala, Vijayawada, Vishakhapatnam, Guntur,
- December 28, 2022: Lucknow, Trivandrum, Mysuru, Nashik, Aurangabad, Chandigarh, Mohali, Panchkula, Zirakpur, Kharar, Derabassi
- December 29, 2022: Bhopal, Indore
- January 5, 2023: Bhubaneshwar, Cuttack
- 6 January 2023: Jabalpur, Gwalior, Ludhiana, Siliguri
- January 7, 2023: Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Udaipur
How To Activate 5G On Smartphones?
- Go to the Settings menu
- Then click on the network settings.
- Then switch to 5G.
- If it is available in your city, you can use 5G on your phone.
- The users can use 5G only if they have received Jio 5G invite on the MyJio app.
- Jio will also send the Jio 5G invite on WhatsApp.
Users can access Jio 5G if they have subscribed to the Jio plan worth Rs 239 or above. Are you using Jio 5G? How is the speed? Let us know in the comments below.


Dan York (@danyork) is an advocate for an open Internet who has been online since the 1980s. He leads the Internet Society's Open Standards Everywhere (OSE) project with a goal of making websites faster, more available, and more secure using IPv6, TLS, HTTP/2, and DNSSEC. He has a strong interest in encryption and DNS security/privacy, and spent ten years focused on Voice over IP (VoIP) / telecom security and applications. Dan produces podcasts and, before the pandemic, could be found in the winter throwing rocks in curling clubs.
Hacking Web Servers to Make Them More Secure and Faster Using Open Standards
So how can you be out there promoting open standards like TLS and IPv6 if your own websites don’t support these standards? Shouldn’t there be step-by-step recipes out there (or default configurations) that just make this easy? In this talk, Dan will dive into how the Internet Society fixed its multiple websites, and discovered how it could make these sites faster and more secure with some easy changes to the site configuration. He will share the crowd-sourced documentation that the project team has developed for self-hosted web servers, hosted servers, and sites using content delivery networks (CDNs), and will outline how you can help contribute to this project. He’ll cover how to implement HTTP/2, IPv6, TLS, HSTS, and DNSSEC - and provide the recipes his project team used. If we want an open Internet where we don’t need permission to deploy new services and systems, the Internet needs to be based on interoperable, open Internet standards. Join us in helping build a more secure and available Internet for everyone!


Making sense of Communication Solutions for Small business
In today’s connected business environment communication solutions are more critical than ever, yet deciding on what system, which technology, which provider is very difficult due to the variety and mix of solutions that are available. This article looks at assisting a business in navigating this very complex and difficult decision.
What is the starting point?
This is the easy part start with documenting what it is you require by analysing the business environment that you operate in. Sounds simple enough but it is often overlooked or not completed. This is where you will gain a clear picture of your requirement and your needs.
Some of the factors/questions that need to be looked at are: how does your business interact with customers? Do you have a dedicated team undertaking outbound activities, do you run a support centre? How big is the sales team? Is the sales team office based or mobile? How many calls will be active at any point in time? How many locations are employees located at? Do you have any compliance issues? What is the expected new numbers of employees next 12 months, 24 months? What level of integration is required across your systems and technologies? E.g. CRM System.
The above list is by no means exhaustive but it does start to provide a guideline for what is needed to consider in defining the requirement.
What are the key factors in evaluating a solution?
When evaluating a solution, the key criteria will cover Cost both initial investment and ongoing monthly recurring costs, Quality i.e. sound voice quality, including reliability of connection and speed, Ease of implementation i.e. level of training required, feature functionality, level of support provided and Adaptability being the ability to scale with expansion or contract if required.
Understanding your requirement by documenting it enables one to better identify the key criteria by which every solution can be rated and evaluated. This process enables an effective decision to be made.
Cloud Based Phone System V Traditional Physical Phone systems
Cloud phone systems have been heralded as the future of business communications. A cloud based system is simply a service that delivers calls and PBX -style functionality over an internet connection (Voice over Internet protocol VOIP)
Traditional phone system is based around a copper landline that is serviced by a telephone company such as Telstra. Typical equipment required includes an on-premise PBX hardware that may need to be upgraded as your employee numbers grow past the capacity of the PBX hardware you have purchased.
Feature comparisons between Traditional and Cloud Based systems
Both traditional and Cloud based phone systems have extensive functionality that will meet many business needs. Some people consider that there is greater programming capability with a VOIP system and less capital investment is required with VOIP solutions. My comment is that you need to ensure you have a solution that gives you the features you need now and in the next five years. You do not want to be changing phone solutions every 3 years. That is a very expensive exercise.
Speed of deployment/ Business Interruption
When assessing which system to purchase ensure that you have identified how much time is required to install and deploy the system as it is a key to minimizing the disruption to a business. Every minute a business is not available to conduct business the greater the impact on overall viability of the business.
A VOIP system requires a broadband connection and the more simultaneous users using the system means more bandwidth is required. Check to see if your Internet Service provider has a bandwidth cap in place and check the data usage regularly so you do not exceed the cap. Exceeding the cap is going to impact quality.
As a small to medium business you need to decide for your communication systems that is right for the business. A Computer Troubleshooters Service provider can assist you at all stages of the process of implementing a phone communication system. This is from the initial selection to implementation and ongoing support.
While there are many positives in implementing a VOIP system remember no matter what solution you choose there is always positives and negatives the final decision should always be based around the objective criteria you have defined.
VOIP Phone Systems
Sophisticated, Easily set Up and configured, Cost, Easy to scale, Expansive Features, Comparable call quality to landlines, No investment in hardware PBX, Soft calls receiving calls via your desktop or laptop.
Provider response times, Extent of support, Dependence on provider, Educating staff in the system, System Software upgrade disruptions, Availability of Bandwidth, Reliability of provider network, Power outages.
In conclusion, The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACME) reported in 2014 (Australian SME’s in the Digital Economy 5-6) “that cloud services continue to gain acceptance and popularity with small and midsized businesses.”
The move to VOIP Unified Communications will continue and your local Computer Troubleshooter is there to help you make the right decision.


844E GigaCenter | ANSI GIGABIT SUBSCRIBER EXPERIENCE: The 844E GigaCenter is an unique gateway solution that delivers advanced software features to unleash the gigabit experience throughout a subscriber’s home. Re: R8000 with Calex GigaCenter 844G Thanks for your reply. Setup instructions, pairing guide, and how to reset. Click the thumbnail image below to start the video. Calix 844E Wi-Fi Router. Connect the white CAT5/CAT6 Ethernet cable from the data jack (for fiber customers) or modem (for copper customers) to the white Ethernet WAN port on the back of the GigaCenter. This Calix 844E GigaCenter Users Guide provides instructions for managing GigaCenters via the on-line Embedded Web Interface (EWI). The minimum GigaCenter release CC+ is dependent on: 844E support IPv6 starting with 11.
T07xg series (66 pages) Summary of Contents for Calix GigaCenter 844F. With gadgets to start your laundry remotely and gigacenter 844ge manual order the detergent with the press of a button, you’re going to need a router that can keep up. The 844GE GigaCenter is the first GigaCenter equipped with auto-detect optics, adding support for AE operation to the Calix carrier-class Wi-Fi applications portfolio You can use Consumer Connect Plus (CC+) exclusively to manage 844GE GigaCenters in AE mode via TR-69, where you create workflows in CC+ for simple configuration and software management. Login to admin gigacenter 844ge manual panel of Calix 844G-1 router to setup port forward.
Review (mpn: DTC36U12V3 -G for sale) DTC36U12V3 -G CALIX GiGacenter Router Modem 844GE-1 Cyber Power Backup DTC36U12V3. Related Manuals for Calix GigaCenter 844F. Calix GigaCenter To Set up your Router for the first time follow these steps: 1. C A DAT PO Box 16 975 Annapolis Rd Sea Ranch, org searanchconnect. The GigaCenter family also includes the option of RF signaling for broadcast video services over existing Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) networks.
The fiber pigtail is either routed out the left-hand side and connected to a LCP or NID or is stored in the splice tray directly behind the GigaCenter. The 844G and 854G GigaCenter is available in any of two different powering options: Attached to any 110 or 220 VAC power outlet using the supplied 12 VDC wall transformer. Date: Decem Author: Kent Schimke - Operations Manager An average of seven active Wi-Fi connected devices per household is the reason there is a need to offer a Wi-Fi router that meets current Wi-Fi standards. To change the SSID or network name of your wireless network: Click Wireless; Under 2. This 844ge video provides a step by step approach for installing a Calix 844G or 854G GigaCenter with Fiber Management Tray in a wall-mounted configuration. The Calix GigaCenter solves this problem because it pairs with your Calix Fiber electronics on the side of your home to provide Directcom tech support reps with an end-to-end, remote view of your entire in-house network and all your connected devices, so we can quickly and easily diagnose and measure Wi-Fi signal strength, channel capacity, and.
To be clear, the only supported use case for TLS on GigaFamily is L2 half bridge service with no RG or VoIP services. 844G by Calix information and hardware knowledge base. Battery backup powers on and router but I do not know if the is Good shows red led. Package Contents GigaCenter - Model 844E Power Adapter (Optional - may ship separately or with UPS*) Wall mount bracket. The (2 x 4) 8-pin (ONT/RSG end) to 7-pin terminal block connector (UPS end) cable provides 12 VDC power and signaling to the GigaCenter.
It&39;s a Calix 844G-1, while decent its router features don&39;t give me the control over QOS and WOL that i want. 11ac 5GHz technology incorporating 4x4 multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) and beamforming, the C844G GigaCenter allows CenturyLink to extend the access network inside the home and establish a strategic location for the delivery and control of broadband services. The image below shows the unit in the the table top mounting stand. Hi guys, i switched from cable to dsl a couple of weeks ago and my new ISP gave me a modem thats also a built in router.
Calix 844G/854G GigaCenter User Manual defines the gateway&39;s Embedded Web Interface (EWI) and provides instructions for managing a GigaCenter via the EWI. Remove the GigaCenter from its packaging and inventory all parts. (NYSE: CALX) has unveiled the GigaCenter line of premises service delivery platforms.
The 844G GigaCenter and its RF-enabled sibling, the 854G, are service delivery platforms that will extend the access network into the home and act as location for control of the so called gigabit. The Calix 844GE GigaCenter is the next generation home platform and allows a whole new strategic gigabit experience. This document also provides guidance for site preparation, installation, and basic troubleshooting. The GigaCenter is also designed to allow PC Telcom to better manage the router remotely—for firmware updates, performance analysis, configuration, etc. 40; 844G began supporting IPv6 with 11. Gateway Calix T072G Operation And Maintenance Manual. Instead of needing to.
Customer Configuration of Calix 844 GigaCenter’s Febru Gregory We have been deploying Calix 844’s for the past few months at SandyNet, and we have had almost no issues, and have received almost no complaint regarding the units. Residential Gateway (GigaCenter 844G) LED States and Status Note: The GigaCenter 844G residential gateway may be wall-mounted in your home. Once the page loads, login to the admin panel of Calix 844G-1 router by copy-pasting the default username and password (given below) in the dialogue box that pops up:. The Gigacenter lets you connect 128 devices (64 per network). The unit supplies voice, data and video services, the Calix 844GE GigaCenter it is an intelligent high performance platform that integrates Ethernet interface with switching and routing functions into one unit.
Document Includes User Manual TempConfidential_2ABLK-844E-1_User Manual. 30; Refer to the Release Description Document for detailed list of specific items that are supported or not supported. The GigaCenter provides expansive Wi-Fi coverage and intelligent adaptability, with complete remote management from Calix Support Cloud. A: The GigaCenter is a powerful, carrier-class Wifi router that will allow you to connect all of your devices and get the highest speeds available. That may have originally come with the item are not included in sale if pictured or described. User manual instruction guide for WiFi Concurrent 4 Port GE LAN VoIP Ethernet Gateway with USB 844E-1 Calix Inc. 4GHz and 5GHz operation and dynamic beamforming at 5GHz. Brand: CALIX, MPN: 844GE-1, model : DTC36U12V3 -G.
In the August release of CC+, users/admins can now provision IPv6 Services on the GigaCenter. Configuration features; Default IP address: 192. I inventoried each IP address on the new router and everything there was a device or computer and none of the 33 items were the R8000 routers. This guide explains how to set up and maintain Ethernet network settings, 800G GigaCenter devices, and any subtended subscriber devices attached to GigaCen ter. gigacenter Our router is designed to keep up with the evolving world of wireless devices. When a GigaCenter has service on a VLAN where TLAN is enabled on the E7, all bridges on the GigaCenter enter TLS mode and this will break any RG Layer-3, RG-Layer-2, and VoIP service.
You read that right, one hundred twenty-eight devices. org DESCRIPTION The Calix 844GE GigaCenter is a next generation residential premises gigacenter 844ge manual service delivery platform that. With the introduction of the 804Mesh satellites, you can now offer a whole home Wi-Fi service that ensures the highest quality connection throughout an entire home or small business. While the GigaCenter has been optimized to provide wireless coverage for most applications, there may be dependencies based on the location where the device is installed. Calix engineered the 844G and 854G GigaCenters for optimal whole-home coverage with simultaneous dual-band 2.
Subscriber services exit the unit out the the left hand side. —for a much improved customer experience. The cost to lease a Gigacenter is only /mo, which is much lower than other carriers charge (typically to per mo) Q: Why choose a GigaCenter for my home or business? The EWI controls and manages network operations when used in conjunction with various Calix GigaCenter devices. The units, which combine the functions of an optical.
1: Default admin username. After switching to the Fiber connection I had to use the modem/router combo that they had installed which was the Calix Gigacenter 844GE-1. I can not find any manuals, or any information really for the 844GE-1 and only for the 844GE. Page 10: Safety Information Safety Information The 844E GigaCenter is a highly sophisticated electronic device. This is an important feature for customers that are connecting video set-top boxes (STBs) directly to a residential gateway (e. GigaCenter in WAP mode: 804Mesh satellites can now be connected (via Wi-Fi or Ethernet) to any GigaCenter, even if the GigaCenter is running in ‘WAP mode’. 844E GigaCenter Quick Start Guide This document provides general installation practices for the GigaCenter model 844E.
11ac wireless; Auto channel selecting and interference detection. Attached to an indoor. Broadband access network equipment provider Calix, Inc. Additional GigaCenter features include: Latest simultaneous dual-band (2. So I&39;m not entirely sure what the -1 is for, or what it means. Learn how to use the Calix C844G modem/router, including setup, checking modem status, wireless settings, utilities and advanced features.
, 716GE or 844G) and using the 844E as a Wi-Fi. WiFi Concurrent 4 Port GE LAN VoIP Ethernet Gateway with USB TempConfidential_2ABLK-844E-1_User Manual details for FCC ID 2ABLK-844E-1 made by Calix Inc. with other Ethernet appliances. 4G Network, click SSID Setup ; Enter your desired network name (or "SSID") next to Rename SSID. Calix gigacenter 844ge manual 844G/854G GigaCenter User Manual defines the gateway&39;s Embedded Web Interface (EWI) and provides instructions for managing a GigaCenter via the EWI. Using the latest 802.
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This is the 4th generation product under the mini-i series name from Matrix Audio continuing the classic design and superb build quality. The new Mini-i 3 and Mini-i Pro 3 use a two-color aluminum shell in silent black and space gray with a 3.3-inch LCD screen and a brand new user interface. The Mini-i 3 and Mini-i Pro 3 provide an improved user experience and stunning good looks.
Matrix Audio introduces streaming functionality into the Mini-i series audio DACs, so you can easily enjoy a huge selection of music sources. You can playback bit-perfect music streams through the Mini-i 3 and Mini-i Pro 3 over a LAN, or push music to Mini-i 3 and Mini-i Pro 3 from an iPhone, iPad, or any MAC computer on the network using AirPlay.
The Mini-i 3 and Mini-i Pro 3 feature a fully balanced headphone amplifier. This allows the left and right channel signals to pass through a nearly perfect symmetrical amplifier circuit, providing ample headphone output power with low distortion and low noise. The output power of single-ended headphone connection is increased by 50%, and the balanced headphone output is increased by 3 times compared to the previous generation. The addition of a 4.4mm balanced headphone jack makes it easier to connect various popular balanced headphones.
When the Mini-i Pro 3 and Mini-i 3 connected to an LDAC enabled Android device over Bluetooth, up to 24Bit/96kHz high-res audio can be transmitted. The aptX HD technology allows compatible devices to transmit 24Bit/48kHz high-res audio wirelessly over bluetooth. The dual-band Wi-Fi and Ethernet connections enable the Mini-i Pro 3 to have high-speed and stable network access. The enclosed antenna system covers the different bands available on the Mini-i 3 and Mini-i Pro 3 for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi*.
*Mini-i 3 does not support Wi-Fi connection
Like the previous generation, Mini-i 3/Mini-i Pro 3 also have various digital audio input ports. They are first models with IIS LVDS input port in entry product line, it means Mini-i 3/Mini-i Pro 3 can get a performance improvement through external audio interface. The USB Type-C connector improves the connection reliability and transmission efficiency of digital audio signal.
The Mini-i 3 and Mini-i Pro 3 have multiple input and output ports witch act as a transportation hub in your audio system. Whether it is a digital audio signal from a TV, set-top box, game console, HTPC, or analog audio equipment such as a vinyl turntable, it can be connected to a digital audio system with the help of Mini-i Pro 3/Mini-i 3.
MA have created an elegant UI for the Mini-i 3 and Mini-i 3 Pro, which are the first models to include a 24-bit color LCD display from Matrix Audio. You can view the input channels, streaming methods, device configurations, and additional information on the display clearly and intuitively. Even filter curves and the IIS interface definitions are displayed graphically.
Matrix Audio re-designed every details of mini-i Pro 3 and mini-i 3, the exterior and the internal structure have been adjusted and verified repeatedly, even a small part on the PCB has been carefully considered. The power supply of mini-i Pro 3/mini-i 3 has been greatly improved, both the maxmium power and the noise level are totally beyond its previous generation.
To improve the functionality and performance of the Mini-i 3 and Mini-i Pro 3, MA will continue to release new firmware updates adding exciting new features and further refinements to the user experience. Only a few simple steps are needed to keep your product up to date.


(Header image under CC-BY by Gregory Varnum)
Hardware-backed voice assistants like Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant have received some criticism for their handling of voice data behind the scenes. The companies had outsourced quality control/machine learning feedback to external contractors who received voice recordings of user commands and were tasked to improve the assistants’ recognition of voice and intent. This came as a surprise to many users, who only expected their voice commands to be processed by automated systems and not listened to by actual humans.
It is worth noting that the user intent for their voice to be recorded and sent to the cloud was generally not called into question: While the devices listen all the time, their recording and sending only starts after they detect a so-called wake word: “Alexa” or “Hey Google”. There are scattered reports of accidental activation with similar sounds (“Alec, say, what’s up?”), but on balance this part of the system appears to be reasonably robust. Accidental activation is always mitigated by the fact that the devices clearly indicate their current mode: Recognition of the wake word triggers a confirmation sound and LEDs to light up.
New reporting shows how a malicious actor can get around this user intent in a limited fashion: Several sets of bugs in the system design allowed the assistant to stay awake and send recordings to the attacker even when a user might reasonably expect them not to be. It is important to note that these bugs are not remote-access vulnerabilities! User intent is still necessary to start the interaction, it’s just that the interaction lasts longer than the user expects. Also, none of the local safeguards against undected listening are impacted: The LEDs still light up and indicate an attentive assistant.
It is in the companies’ best interest to not be found spying on their users, and the easiest way to achieve that is by not doing it. Amazon, specifically, tries very hard to be seen as privacy-preserving because that enables additional services for them. Their in-home delivery service is absolutely dependent on consumers trusting them to open their doors for the delivery driver (who in turn is instructed not to actually enter the home, but just drop the package right on the other side of the door, and is filmed doing so). Amazon demonstrates their willingness to at least appear privacy-respecting on other fronts too: The microphone-off button on the Amazon Echo devices cuts power to the microphone array and lights up a “mute” LED: it’s impossible to turn on the LED under software control. When the LED is on, the microphone is off.
The primary concern still is an issue of trust: Do I trust the device to only record and transmit audio when I intend for it to do so? In theory the device manufacturer could have the device surreptitiously record everything. There’s no easy way to audit either the device or its connections to the outside world. Some progress has been made to extract and analyse device firmware, but ultimately this cannot rule out a silent firmware update with listening capabilities at a later date.
An Auditing System to Confirm User Intent
This essay proposes a system in which users can gain confidence that they are not surreptitiously monitored, without requiring a device manufacturer to give up any of their proprietary secrets. It assumes cooperation on the part of the manufacturer and a certain technical expertise on the part of at least some of the users.
Step 1: The manufacturer augments their back-end systems to log device activity and TLS session keys, and keeps these logs for a certain number of days.
Step 2: The end user passively records all incoming and outgoing traffic from the device. Obviously only a small percentage of end users will be able to do that and only a fraction of those will actually record the traffic. But since the manufacturer cannot be sure which devices are being monitored, they risk detection if they tamper with any of them.
Step 3: The user requests a list of sessions keys from the manufacturer and uses it to decrypt the captured connections.
Step 4: The manufacturer provides a machine-readable list of activities of the device, both user-initiated (such as queries to a voice assistant) and automated (such as firmware updates, or normal device telemetry).
Step 5: Analysis software matches the list of device activities to the recorded connections and flags any suspicious activity. The software should be open source, initially provided by the manufacturer, and be extensible by the community at large.
Step 6: The user can cross-check the now-vetted list of device activities to confirm whether it matches their intent.
The most impractical step is number 2: Only few users would bother to configure their networks in a way that allows the device traffic to be monitored. However, I believe that even the possibility of monitoring should deter malicious behaviour. This step is also most easily supported by third-party tools: An OpenWRT extension for example would greatly simplify the recording for users of OpenWRT, and other CPE manufacturers could follow suit1.
The IoT device manufacturer may want to keep some data — such as firmware update files, or received audio streams — proprietary and secret. They must do so in a manner that allows the analysis tool to confirm that only downstream data is withheld: Either by using a separate, at-rest, encryption layer inside the TLS connection, or by using a separate TLS connection to a special endpoint which carries only the absolutely minimal amount of information (one small HTTP request) in the upstream direction. The analysis tool is then able to ignore the contents of this proprietary data while still being able to flag anomalies in the meta data (“Three 150MB firmware updates in a day? Really?”).
Rationale: A scheme that forcibly opens up firmware files or DRM’ed audio streams would be a non-starter for industry adoption. Decrypting this downstream content isn’t necessary for the goal of confirming user intent. Conversely all information carried on the upstream channel by definition belongs to the user, since they generated it. (If they didn’t generate it, it wouldn’t need to be transferred.)
Potential for abuse: When suggesting to store new kinds of data (step 1) it’s important to analyze the potential for abuse this data has, be it from law-enforcement agencies or from vengeful ex-partners. I believe no new threat is introduced here: The current backends of manufacturers with voice assistants already store voice recordings and generally give the option to look at the device history or download recordings (both to LEAs and to anyone with account access). The data recorded in step 1 should give no additional insight into the user behaviour beyond what is already recorded under the status quo — except that it allows to confirm the completeness of the log.
This opens up the question on whether one trusts their CPE manufacturer to build correct logging and to not collude with the IoT device manufacturer. ↩


In this presentation, we’ll discuss how the OpenStack StarlingX project addresses current challenges, using code that is also contributed to the open source Akraino Edge Stack project launched by the Linux Foundation.
In the telecom market, communications service providers worldwide are increasingly viewing applications hosted at the network edge as compelling business opportunities. Some examples of those applications and functions are Multi-access Edge Computing, universal CPE, virtual CPE and virtual RAN.
In parallel, the industrial market is now undergoing a digital transformation termed “Industry 4.0“. Industrial IOT applications represent new business opportunities, with new kinds of services (asset monitoring, analytics, business processes, etc.) delivered to new categories of customers (manufacturing facilities, car dealers, city governments, hospitals, etc.).
Many of these application and services are required to be hosted at the network edge, either to enable ultra-low latency connectivity (process control), to perform on-premise analytics (patient monitoring), or to minimize backhaul traffic (video surveillance). Edge compute solutions are therefore a key requirement as companies exploit business opportunities either in the telecom market or in Industrial IOT.
In this presentation, we’ll discuss how the OpenStack StarlingX project addresses those challenges, using code that is also contributed to the open source Akraino Edge Stack project launched by the Linux Foundation. We’ll explain how Wind River‘s contributions to these two projects will help telecom and industrial companies to streamline the installation, commissioning, and maintenance of their edge clouds, thereby minimizing their operational costs and reducing their schedule risk.


- I checked my IP address a few days ago, it appears differently now how come ?
- Does it mean that my computer is not safe if my IP address can be discover ?
- Can IP address be discover for secured (https) websites ?
- The geo-location has got my ISP correct and my country, but the physical address is definitely not where I am ?
- What is a domain name server ?
- What is a firewall and how does it work ?
- Is my software based firewall just as good as the hardware firewall device I see around ?
- What is a sub-domain and do sub-domains have different IP addresses ?
- What is a public IP address ?
- What is a private IP address ?
- What are network protocol ports ?
- What is a ping test and is it different from ARP ?
- With respect to networks, how many ports are there ?
- Which ports should I ideally have closed on my network ?
- What is network address translation and how is it used ?
- What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN) ?
- What port would I need open to setup a VPN?
- I've seen some websites that have the letter 's' at the end of http (i.e. https), what does this mean ?
- What is a proxy server and how does it work ?
- What does secure socket layer (SSL) and transport layer security (TLS) mean ?
- What is DHCP ?
- Can anyone discover my IP if I am web surfing behind a proxy ?
- What is IPv6 and how is it different from IPv4 ?
- How can I increase my anonymity while browsing ?
- What can I do to prevent my computer from being hijacked ?
- What is a FIN port scan ?
- What is an XMAS port scan ?
- What is a WHOIS lookup ?
- What is a SYN port scan ?
I checked my IP address a few days ago, it appears differently now?how come ? (TOP)
It is likely that your IP address is not statically assigned and your internet service provider issues IP addresses to you using a DHCP server. Since DHCP assigned addresses typically have a lease period associated with them, after the expiration of the lease a new IP address is generated and assigned to the client network computer.
Does it mean that my computer is not safe if my IP address can be discover ? (TOP)
Not necessarily. A public IP address must be discoverable in order to allow the internet to function. If your public IP address is invisible to the internet, then web users have no way of reaching your domain.
On the other hand, it is possible to route all of your network traffic through one public IP and out another public address; for example you have been issued a static public IP address by your ISP, and you have created a VPN tunnel to a proxy server in another country which also has its own static public IP address. Since the proxy makes requests on your behalf, the IP address shown will not actually be yours but that of the proxy server. The reason people are weary of advertising their public IP addresses is that it gives potential hackers a place to start.
Can IP address be discover for secured (https) websites ? (TOP)
Yes. Https is not an anonymity tool; it is merely a secure protocol that governs how information is exchanged between a client computer and the implement webserver. However, some network administrators of such webservers may prevent their websites from being discovered at their discretion.
The geo-location has got my internet service provider correct and my country, but the physical address is definitely not where I am ? (TOP)
Some ISPs do not broadcast location data for client IP addresses. In addition, if your IP address is behind a firewall or sentry device, it may only be possible to identify your ISP and its location but not the location of your network device based solely on its IP address.
What is a domain name server ? (TOP)
A domain name server or DNS is what enables you to use names that are far easier to remember in order to go to or find a webpage. It is much easier to remember the name ipfingerprints.com than it is to remember 22.214.171.124. And even if you could remember the numeric representation, there over 1 billion websites each with a unique address!
DNS servers do this task for us by maintaining a massive database of which address belongs to whom. When you enter a domain name such as ipfingerprints.com into your browsers address bar, the DNS resolves the name to a unique public IP address and then establishes a connection between your computer and the webserver. In principle it works in the same way your contact address book on your mobile phone works; where a contact name is associated to a specific number(s).
What is a firewall and how does it work ? (TOP)
A firewall is a device or software based program designed to filter the type of data that can be transmitted between a private network or computer and a public network. The devices operate at the network level (layer 3) of the TCP/IP stack and filter data by scrutinizing packets that pass through them. Advancements in technology allow these devices to performing filtering task all the way up to layer 7 of the TCP/IP stack at the application level (for instance drop traffic related to peer-to-peer software).
firewall can filter packets based on their destination their source, their requested ports, and can also enforce access policies known as access lists. In large corporations where data is typically sensitive or critical, firewalls (particularly independent hardware firewall nodes such as ASAs) are invaluable, as they can perform far better than software based firewalls. Windows comes with a software based firewall that can restrict access to certain ports on your PC; and most routers these days have a firewall feature.
Is my software based firewall just as good as the hardware firewall device I see around ? (TOP)
The measure of a good firewall is really made by the value of the data that you are trying to protect. Windows firewall coupled with a good spyware or malware software and antivirus can provide you with a decent level of security, but they cannot be compared with the level of security provided by a dedicated hardware based firewall.
What is a sub-domain and do sub-domains have different IP addresses ? (TOP)
A subdomain is part of a top level domain; for example video.example.com is a subdomain of the top level domain example.com. Subdomains are typically used to separate and categorize content found at a website into different relevant domains. DNS servers will resolve the top level domain first (example.com) and allow the webserver at that address to route traffic to appropriate sub domain based on the client request. Though it is not necessary to separate the subdomain from its top level domain in this manner using IP addresses, some companies may want to do this to add greater granularity to their website design especially if they have large amounts of web traffic, however it can be prohibitively expensive given that a sub domain would require its own public address.
What is a public IP address ? (TOP)
A public IP address is an assignment number that uniquely identifies public servers or network nodes on the internet; they are the only addresses that that are routable. These assignments are distributed to internet service providers in address ranges by IANA (otherwise known as The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) which controls ownership of these IP ranges. To be considered public, an IPv4 address must fall outside of the range of a private address.
What is a private IP address ? (TOP)
Private IP addresses are separated into 3 categorizes (24-bit, 20-bit, and 16-bit blocks) and are used to uniquely identify computers, servers, and network nodes within a private network. The classful names of these private addresses are Class A, B, and C. You can easily identify a private IP address by examining the bits on the IP address which identify the network; for example Class A addresses are always in the form 10.0.0.0/8; Class B addresses are always in the form 172.16.0.0/12; Class C addresses are always in the form 192.168.0.0/16. Though these addresses are not routable over the internet, they can be translated onto a public address.
What are network protocol ports ? (TOP)
Within the TCP/IP and UDP framework, there are a number of ports which are designed specifically to handle data traffic of a particular type. For example TCP/IP port 23 is known for use of traffic in a telnet session. The file transfer protocol is used on port 21, and Microsoft SQL server is designed to use port 1433 and so on. When you try to retrieve a webpage by typing a web address into your browser, that sort of traffic is routed as HTTP datagrams through port 8080 (or 8181) of the TCP/IP stack. Separating data traffic into specific ports allows for much easier troubleshooting.
What is a ping test and is it different from ARP ? (TOP)
A ping test is used to discover when a host network node is discoverable by other network devices. Pings are sent as ICMP packets which functions on layer 3 of the TCP/IP OSI stack. ARP or address resolution protocol operates on layer 2 of the TCP/IP OSI stack and uses (MAC addresses which are not routable) to discover network nodes on a private network. When a host computer sends out a ping as an ICMP packet to a specific destination address, the remote network node acknowledges receipt of the packet and sends out an echo. The latency between the packet sent and the packet received is used by the host computer to determine network statistics such as dropped packets and time-to-live, between the two computers.
With respect to networks, how many ports are there ? (TOP)
There are over 49,000 ports registered and recognized by the IANA. However, in addition to that, there are approximately 25,000 network ports that are private or dynamic.
Which ports should I ideally have closed on my network ? (TOP)
Ideally you should have all network ports that you do not use closed. A port scanner can help you identify open ports on your network and help you close those that you do not use.
What is network address translation and how is it used ? (TOP)
As it became apparent that IPv4 public network addresses were soon going to run out, internet service providers and internet protocol bodies invented network address translation or NAT.
NAT, though similar in function to a proxy, allows an organization to connect several computers on a private network to the internet using only one public address. Not only does this reduce the cost of paying extra for a public IPv4 network address, it allows security to be tightly controlled, and allows internet service providers to economically leverage a limited number of public address assignments.
NAT it typically implemented on .boundary. network equipment such as firewalls e.g. CISCOs ASA, PIX 506, or on routers.
What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN) ? (TOP)
VPN or virtual private network is a technique used to interconnect disparate private networks using publicly accessible network infrastructure such as the internet. A VPN creates what is known as a secure tunnel between one private network and another private network allowing traffic between the two networks to be exchanged. In order to prevent .eavesdropping. on the data being transmitted between the networks, VPN employ high-level data encryption techniques such as IPSec.
What port would I need open to setup a VPN? (TOP)
Ports that need to be opened for VPN point-to-point tunneling protocol pass-through traffic are TCP port 1723 and TCP port 47. On layer 2 tunneling protocol, UDP port 500 and UDP port 1701 need to be opened.
I've seen some websites that have the letter 's' at the end of http (i.e. https), what does this mean ? (TOP)
The S at the end of https identifies a webpage as secure. What this means is that they is at least 128 bit encryption (Secure socket layer) used to secure all the traffic between a client computer connecting to the website and the webserver. Banks, financial institutions, and other webservers that exchange sensitive, critical, personal, or confidential data between connecting client computers and the server usually implement https protocols.
What is a proxy server and how does it work ? (TOP)
A proxy server acts as a .middle man. between your computer (the client) and a destination source (the web server). They are designed to process retrieval requests of files, webpages, and information from databases etc. on behalf of a client computer so as to maintain a level of anonymity.
web server setup as a proxy will take these requests issued from a client's computer and retrieve data or information from the destination server, whose address and location is provided in the client computers request.
Some proxies can be public while others may be implemented privately for instance in corporate networks so as to make administrative tasks (such as packet filtering, scanning for malware, spyware, Trojans and viruses) easier to perform.
What does secure socket layer (SSL) and transport layer security (TLS) mean ? (TOP)
Both SSL and TLS are encryption protocols used when transmitting data over public network infrastructure. They are both used to prevent transmitted data from being altered while on transit from a client computer to a webserver and back. SSL encryption can go up to 256 bits while and works at the transport layer of the TCP/IP stack. It is the successor to TLS encryption.
What is DHCP ? (TOP)
A dynamic host configuration protocol is a means of assigning IP addresses to connected network nodes automatically. When activated, a connected network will query a DHCP server to request for an IP. If the device is authenticated, the server will issue an automatic IP lease based on the network addressing schema saved on the DHCP server. Most broadband internet providers and cable internet subscriptions for home users, typically use DHCP servers to assign IP addresses to client computers over their networks.
Can anyone discover my IP if I am web surfing behind a proxy ? (TOP)
This depends entirely on how secure the proxy is and the nature of the client computer's request, because a proxy server typically maintains an online connection with its client computer or network node. If the proxy is not securely configured then a connection can be traversed back from a web server to the client computer; circumventing any security policies that may have been put in place.
What is IPv6 and how is it different from IPv4 ? (TOP)
IPv6 or internet protocol version 6 is the latest numbering assignment standard for the internet protocol stack which was designed and released to succeed IPv4. When the internet was designed, it was not envisioned that all the network node assignments in the IPv4 numbering standard could be exhausted (IPv4 allowed for just over 4 billion public addresses). With this limitation soon to be reached, the Internet engineering taskforce developed the IPv6 which allows for a significantly higher number of assignments (more than 7.9 x10^28 times more address assignments than IPv4!). Several websites already support the use of the new standard such as Google and Facebook, however to access these IPv6 websites, you would have to be part of an IPv6 network.
How can I increase my anonymity while browsing ? (TOP)
What can I do to prevent my computer from being hijacked ? (TOP)
Never open ports that you do not need or download and install software from a questionable source. Even visiting websites that are known to advocate questionable (potentially illegal activities) can drop Trojans and other files that compromise your saved passwords, network, or entire computer.
What is a FIN port scan ? (TOP)
A FIN flagged packet is used by connected nodes in a network to signal the end of a transmission. When a port scan is initiated using FIN, packet based filtering may be unable to detect the FIN packet. A port scanner can use the FIN packet to determine which ports on a target network node are closed. As ports that are closed respond to FIN packets with an RST response, a scanner can determine which ports are open by looking at the ports that ignored the FIN transmission which indicates a service protocol is currently running on those ports.
What is an XMAS port scan ? (TOP)
XMAS port scanning refers to the Christmas tree packet. It is similar to the FIN packet sent using a FIN port scan with the only difference being that before an XMAS packet is sent to the target network client, the TCP headers are altered to have the flags SYN, URG, FIN and PSH all set to on. URG refers to urgent, which forces the target machine to respond to the packet immediately (typically reserved for Telnet packets).
What is a WHOIS lookup ? (TOP)
Every domain's registrants details are recorded by a registry operator granted authority by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers). These details are replicated from accredited registrant's (such as godaddy.com) to RIR (or regional internet registries) servers and stored in databases. The databases are accessible for every top level domain name on the internet however some domain registrants allow owners to mask their identity to remain private. Those domains that are not masked are accessible through the WHOIS protocol.
What is a SYN port scan ? (TOP)
The SYN flag is turned on in the TCP header of a packet to indicate that a client wishes to establish a connection with a remote target on a given port. With a SYN packet, a port scanner sends out the packet waiting for an acknowledgement from the target machine. If a response is received the client does not begin transmission as expected and immediately terminates the connection; an ACK response to the scanner is indicative of an open port.


SoundDesk is the easiest way to turn your Mac into a professional mixing desk!
It can be used to just about anything that involves audio mixing or routing, and is available in two flavours:
Maximum channels per desk: 24x2 ; Maximum Auxiliary paths: 4x2 (pre/pos fader options); AudioUnits inserts available on all channels and Master section (fully compatible with "Waves Version 9"); The delay generated by the AudioUnits is displayed, and a delay compensation system is included; The `Analogue Warmth` option, adds a vintage quality inspired by the finest consoles;
Maximum channels per desk: 8x2 ; Maximum Auxiliary paths: 4x2 (pre/pos fader options); No AudioUnits inserts;
Each channel is equipped with a DC blocker filter, noise generators and a delay unit; Channels can be either mono, stereo or aux receivers and can be changed at any time; All channels can send their audio to any real output; The user can assign names and colours to individual channels; The Master section includes a FFT analysis tool and the output can be recorded in real time;


Light Bulb Cameras 2.4GHz/5GHz WiFi 360 Surveillance 3MP1080P Light Socket Cameras Wireless Outdoor Indoor Home Smart Motion Detection Alerts Night Vision 2-Way Talk Light Bulb Security Cameras
$29.99 - $21.99
(as of Jan 26,2023 21:29:55 UTC – Details)
5Ghz & 2.4Ghz Light Bulb Camera
【Two-way Audio and Remote Access】Built in high quality microphone and speaker, the bulb monitor supports using two-way audio function, you can talk with your family and friends through the camera remotely, and also support multiple people to communicate and share the synchronized surveillance video. It also supports you to view live video remotely through the app from your phone and tablet anytime, anywhere.
【3MP Ultra HD Day and Night Vision】The wireless WiFi light bulb security camera provides more than than 1080p cameras ultra high definition videos. You can view the real-time monitoring motion through your smart-phones/Ipad.
【Motion Detection and Real-time Alarm】The light bulb camera supports detecting any motion, when motion is detected, it will record the moving picture and notify you immediately real-time notifications through the app, and you can view the footage detected by the camera through the app at any time, which makes your home safer and more secure.
【Multi-user sharing】: The lightbulb camara supports up to 10 users to watch the video at the same time, so you can share the home security cameras with your family and friends. Also can watch four cameras at the same time.
【Easy Setup and Wireless Connection】It is easy to set up, just to connect the bulb camera system to 2.4GHz/5GHz wireless WiFi, which is convenient and practical. It can be installed using a normal E27 bulb base with no more extra installation steps, very easy and convenient. Bulb camera supports SD card and cloud storage (Note: SD card is not included). If you have any questions, please contact us via email.