Trailblazer: Fabian Battaglia, CEO of Mobix Labs.
The trail he's blazing: Creating the build blocks necessary to make the next generation of wireless products possible.
The below article is a summary of the Podcast Interview.
What if you were suddenly in a car accident that caused you life threatening injuries. And the medical help needed to save your life isn't close enough to help. Advanced technologies like Augmented Reality (AR) now make it possible for a primary care physician to help from many miles away. But the physics of transmitting and receiving these wireless signals can be challenging, says Fabian Battaglia, CEO of Mobix Labs.
His firm provides the silicone chips connected to the antennas that enable the rapid transmission and processing of signals. "You'll see acceleration of 5G at these higher frequencies starting in 2022," he added. In this interview, Fabian provides a few examples of what's already possible.
Q - What is 5G?
A - 5G networks are the next sequential generation from 4G. One G was when we first got cell phones and could speak. Then we could text, send emails and video. Each generation has given us increased capability. But each generation has required increased bandwidth to support those applications.
What we have today is 4G, or 4G LTE (Long-Term Evolution). You see 5G advertised by companies like Verizon. You can't watch anything on TV these days without catching a 5G commercial. But the speed capabilities of 5G need to be defined. 5G today is what's known as Sub-6 GHz (Gigahertz). This is only incrementally better than what we have with 4G LTE.
" What's coming is the infrastructure to support these higher frequencies."
This does not capture the full promise or capability of 5G. You often hear 5G referred to as millimeter wave. This the 24 to 44 GHz spectrum. This is far higher than the 6 GHz or what's called 5G today. If you turn on your iPhone, you might see a little 5G indicator. This is less than 6 GHz. It's not these higher frequencies.
What's coming is the infrastructure to support these higher frequencies. These are the 24 to 44 GHz frequencies. But the physics of transmitting and receiving these wireless signals can be challenging. At these rates you run into some physical challenges.
" It will cost more to have a network inside a factory or an office building."
It doesn't travel as far. It doesn't go through walls. It gets interrupted by weather and trees. Any obstruction impedes the signal. This shortens the distance that you can operate from receiver to transmitter. Only advanced technology is reliable enough to process those signals at those rates.
It will cost more to have a network inside a factory or an office building. Or, if it's used outdoors by the general public. Municipalities will need to spend a lot of money on infrastructure. That is, if they want to support 5G at these higher frequencies.
Q - What new innovations will 5G enable?
A - There will be a lot of use cases. Some we can't even think of now. These will evolve once we get critical mass of this technology. Some of the more obvious ones are going to be autonomous vehicles. That's going to take a lot of data and what's called low latency capabilities.
This is where the rapid transmission and processing of signals is critical. Safety and reliability will be of great concern. For communications in general, you'll be able to download movies on your phone in a fraction of the time you do now.
" AR and VR are helping burn victims through their rehabilitation process."
The bandwidth we have now with 4G LTE or Sub-6 GHz 5G is getting crowded and saturated. We have to increase the pipe, and that's what the higher frequencies are going to be able to allow us to do.
Then there are going to be technologies like AR (Augmented Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality). There are some outstanding applications and use cases. A friend of mine who supports children's hospitals was telling me a story about how AR and VR are helping burn victims though their rehabilitation process.
They put the patients in shallow pools, and give them technology to create the sensation they are swimming with dolphins. This allows children to stretch, which is very painful in burn victims. Those are the types of applications higher 5G frequencies will enable. You'll be free of the heavy cables that you have today in those type of applications.
"There's going to be holographic applications. These are pretty cool."
Then there's going to be holographic applications. My first experience was at a museum. It had James Earl Jones in the form of a holographic image giving you an introduction. There twenty to thirty people in this room, but it's as if he was there with you.
That's very data intensive. It will need support from advanced technology. There'll be other applications for the way we educate and entertain ourselves, too. Imagine yourself being put into a sporting event such as a football game. These higher frequencies enable some pretty cool and entertaining capabilities.
Q - When will 5G be commonly available?
A - You're now seeing it starting to find its way. Experts predicted that the 4G LTE pipe was going to be at its limits within two to three years. And that was pre-Covid-19.
" You'll see acceleration of 5G at these higher frequencies starting in 2022."
Now with all the video conferencing we're doing, there's more pressure on bandwidth caused by all the learning and communicating. You'll see acceleration of 5G at these higher frequencies starting in 2022.
Q - Where does Mobix Labs come in?
A - We're involved in what's called the front end. This refers to the silicone chips connected to the antenna. Our devices transmit and receive the millimeter wave signals from the antenna. We process them so that a processor can then digitally act upon those signals.
" We're doing our part to have the best cost performance ratio."
That's a complex signal chain. It's important in the 5G space to be able to do that reliably and cost effectively. The associated cost to that application is significant. We're doing our part to have the best cost performance ratio, or solution to the problem. So, we fit in that chain or channel between a processor and the antenna.
Q - What devices will Mobix Labs enable?
A - We first are going to be approaching the infrastructure market. By infrastructure, I'm referring to small cells or repeaters. These are sometimes called access points. We fit into the infrastructure that will provide millimeter wave solutions.
We also looking at IoT type applications. This could be anything from a laptops or TV, to an appliance that you connect to the Internet. We would be able to support those applications, but those will become more opportunistic. Our focus is infrastructure.
Lastly, there are handsets. Being a new company, we need to cut our teeth on other applications first. Then we'll consider mega-volume applications such as handsets. We can support them outside of Apple or Samsung on smaller volume handsets. And we could be a very attractive solution for them.
Q - What's the latest news from Mobix Labs?
A - We have completed a funding round. We're proud of the fact that it was very well received. And we closed it sooner than we had anticipated. We raised 12.5 million dollars since we started our seed round which dates back to August of 2020.
We had to close it earlier than anticipated because we didn't want to over subscribe it at this point. We are going to be sampling product sometime in March or April 2021. We've also developed some antenna products we're excited about.
"Our board includes Jim Peterson, former chairman and CEO of Microsemi."
We've completed our Board of Directors which includes Jim Peterson, former chairman and CEO of Microsemi. We've also added David Aldridge who is current Chairman of Skyworks. And we've also added other CEOs who have been successful in the semiconductor industry.
We've also assembled an Advisory Board independent of our Board of Directors. Each member focuses on a functional department in the company. This includes R&D, finance, operations and sales. We're excited at the reception we've gotten from some of these industry leaders.
Learn about trailblazing entrepreneurs. Get podcast interviews sent to you by email. Subscribe at: TechnologyTrailblazers.Club.


Finally, I’ve found something that I was looking for a very, very, long time. A DIY Optical Link Kit. Ronja. And a cheap one (100 USD). I’ve seen a couple of professional gigabit links using FSO (Free Space Optics) Technology and I was getting very curious about how this stuff really works. It has a limited range compared to wifi p2p links, but you have lot’s of advantages: no interference, full duplex and it’s completely legal. About Ronja, the concept and hardware are OpenSource and the PCB design was made to allow anyone to buy normal components in any electronic shop at your hometown. It’s very popular in Eastern Europe, mainly in Czech Republic. They even have ISP’s based on this. Amazing. For more info on Ronja:
Ronja (Reasonable Optical Near Joint Access) is an User Controlled Technology (like Free Software) project of optical point-to-point data link. The device has 1.4km range and has stable 10Mbps full duplex data rate. Ronja is an optoelectronic device you can mount on your house and connect your PC, home or office network with other networks. Or you can use it as a general purpose wireless link for building any other networking project.
So, my goal now is trying to build my own Ronja Kit and deploy a FSO Link not before December. Oh boy, good times ahead. Must, resist.


Similar to Cat5 cables, there are also two different types of Cat6 cables as well: Cat6 cables; Cat6A cables Xiaomi Mi AX6000 Router: Wi-Fi 6 and 4 x 4mimo/160MHz Are The Highlights. When it comes to Cat5e Cat6 Cat7 Cat8 data cabling it’s hard to know which cable to go for. Cat 6 cable is a computer network cable that consists of four twisted pair wires, it is data rate of 10,000 Mbps, and itâs used in Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. There are many different varieties of Ethernet cables. Therefore, many people are at a loss on which Ethernet cable they should adopt for their network. Here we look at the difference between cat5, cat6 and cat7 kinds of Ethernet cables. Cat6 cables are at the top of the Ethernet cables with a speed line of 10 Gbps and 250 MHz bandwidth, which is more than twice the Cat 5 bandwidth. If you are wondering if these names of some species of cats, you are wrong. Although the Spline is not required on the CAT5 cable, some manufacturers include it anyway. For each cable, Cat stands for Category. These Ethernet cables are commonly used to connect a modem to a router, and, likewise, to connect a router to a computer’s network interface card (NIC) in modern networks. There are two main physical differences between CAT5 and CAT6 cables, the number of twists per cm in the wire, and sheath thickness. Router-switch.com is neither a partner of nor an affiliate of Cisco Systems. Cat 6 can perform up to 550 Mhz, and like Cat 5e is designed for 1 Gbps networking. Technically both Ethernet cable Cat 5e and Cat 6 twisted with a different colour of pair cables that used to Copper. There are two Cat5 vs Cat6 physical difference the type of twists per cm in the wire. This interference is referred to as “crosstalk”. What’s the difference between an ethernet cable and an ethernet “crossover” cable? Category 5 enhanced cabling, also known as Cat5e, is an improvement on Cat5 cabling. Sie werden auch in professionellem Umfeld noch verlegt, wenn auch nicht mehr so häufig wie CAT 6 oder CAT 7. It is mostly used in large corporate commercial business when transferring large amounts of data from server to server â onsite. We talked the differences between Ethernet Crossover Cable & Ethernet LAN Cable before. Cat5 and Cat5e and Cat6 and Cat7 are different standards for cables. Cat6 cables are usually a better choice than Cat5e, in that technologically moving forward they are more suited to handle faster connection speeds and are worth their slight difference in price. In CAT6 cable, the spline is not required either as long as the cable tests according to the standard. Here is a graphical summary of all the different ethernet cable types and their features. The mainly difference within cat 5 and cat 6 cable is a longitudinal separator, which isolates the pairs from one another, reducing crosstalk also allowing for faster data transfer. From the introduction above, Cat6 cable offers the performance of up to 250 MHz while Cat7 cable is rated for transmission frequency of up to 600 MHz. So how does a physical cable eliminate interference and allow for faster speeds? When CAT6 was first introduced it was approximately 50% more expensive than CAT5E, which made it cost prohibitive for many installations. Now, see here details about the differences with them technically and physically. Also the terms on your cat6 jacks are staggered where as the cat5e jacks are straight. Unless you test it after you make it, you should assume that at best it is cat5 or maybe cat5e. CAT 5e cable is rated at 100 MHz, and it is this increased bandwidth (compared to CAT 5 cable) that allows it to support Gigabit Ethernet. The Cat 6 standard gives higher performance than Cat 5e. Though the technical capabilities of CAT5 to provide 1000 megabit speed and Power Over Ethernet are arguable; CAT5 can only be counted as useful for 10 megabit or 100 megabit use. He discovered that by twisting the cable every 3-4 utility poles, it reduced the interference and increased the range. Cat5e’s considered as advanced. As an example, the CAT6A can transmit data at a massive speed of 10 Gigabit and that's through an area of 328 feet. These are types of twisted copper cables that are used to transmit data through network and also used in home theater applications. interesting what you were given goin on here. These are types of twisted copper cables that are used to transmit data through network and also used in home theater applications. Cat 6 (Category 6) is a cable standard used mainly for Ethernet computer networking, security systems, and telephone services. Cat5 is the older variation of the cables, especially as compared to Cat6. Cat 5 cable means referÂ is aÂ computer networkÂ cable that consists of four twisted pairs of copper wire terminated. CAT 5e is an enhanced version of Cat5 that adds specifications for crosstalk (see below). Cable twisting length is not standardized but typically there are 1.5-2 twists per cm in CAT5 (e) and 2+ twists per cm in CAT6. As we know, Ethernet cable can be divided into many types such as Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, Cat8, etc. While Cat5e cable features 1.5-2 twists per cm, Cat6 cables are more tightly wound and feature 2 or more twists per cm. Cat5(E) 8P8C plugs have the conductors slip in in a straight flat line across. It is rated at a speed of 100 Megabits per second. But how do these differ, and what cables should you buy? In this picture below, the CAT5e sheath has the thinnest sheath versus CAT6 but it also was the only one with the nylon spline. As the 6th gen Ethernet cables are made from twisted sets of copper wiring, cat6 cables are made out of four sets of wires, similar to cat5 cables. It does it through wire twisting and isolation. It is evaluated at a speed of a Gigabits but may reach speeds up to 10 Gigabits. This cable is commonly connected using punch-down blocks and modular connectors. Newer … Network support - CAT 5 cable will support 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T network standards, that is it supports networks running at 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps. The diagram below shows the different types of Ethernet shielding and the codes used to differentiate them. Cisco is Facing Big Challenge. Cat6 has also traditionally been more expensive, although the price difference compared to Cat5e has lessened over time. This is because wiring harnesses cancel interference or “bleed” / “crosstalk”; This allows more information or “bandwidth” to flow through the cable. As you may guess by now, there is a subtle difference between them. It has almost been abandoned by the market now. Although the spline is not required in CAT5 cable, some manufacturers include it anyway. Cat5 vs Cat5e vs Cat6 vs Cat7 Cables . Firstly this is down to the sheer variance on offer. Cat5 vs Cat5e vs Cat6 vs Cat7 Cables . Telling cable categories apart by coloring or thickness can be difficult and unreliable. He discovered that with every 3-4 utility pole wiring, it reduced the interference and increased the span. Solid cable uses a single piece of copper for the electrical conductor while stranded uses a series of copper cables twisted together. This cable twisting length is not standardized but typically there are 1.5-2 twists per cm in CAT5 (e) and 2+ twists per cm in CAT6. The difference in specifications for the Ethernet cable is not as simple as the physical changes, so let’s take a look at what each section does and does not support. A Cat6 cable is similar to a Cat5 ethernet cable — it consists of four pairs of twisted copper wire. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive breaking news by email. This cable twisting length is not standardized but typically there are 1.5-2 twists per cm inÂ CAT5Â (e) and 2+ twists per cm inÂ CAT6. Comparison Chart: Cat5 vs Cat5e CAT6, and even CAT5 or CAT5e, cables are still practical for the basic day to day networking. You may notice that as the number of sections increases, so does the speed and the MHz of the cable. On CAT6 cables, … What's the difference, and how do you know which you should use? Cat6a Cat 5 only requires two pair, Cat5e requires all … Cat6 vs Cat7 vs Cat8 Cable Comparison Cat6 vs Cat7. CAT5 vs CAT6 RJ45: The Differences Logos remain the property of the corresponding company. This is not a coincidence, because each category brings more stringent testing for eliminating crosstalk (XT) and adding isolation between the wires. I really enjoy reading your blog and I am looking forward to, Somebody necessarily assist to make severely articles I migh. Many CAT6 cables include a nylon spline that helps eliminate crosstalk. The difference between a Cat5 vs Cat6 cable is not only higher speeds but reduced “crosstalk”. CAT5, CAT5e, and CAT6 the difference in the twists. Most people can get acquainted with Cat 5 and Cat 6 cable.In the article, I will talk about the CAT5 vs CAT5e cables with comparison chart details. Let's look at the technical and physical differences in Ethernet cable categories to help us decide. CAT5 is showing its age, and SHOULD NOT be used on any new installations. Do I have to use CAT6 for network video? Ethernet cables are grouped into sequentially numbered categories (e.g. In a speed test, Cat6 wins every time. Why you should Upgrade to WiFi 6 Routers? They are both used for a wide variety of purposes, but are mainly used as network cables, connecting servers to their respective modems and ISP’s. In order to run 10GBASE-T for 100 meters, Category 6a cable, or Augmented Category 6, cables need to be used. The code before the slash designates the shielding for the cable itself, while the code after the slash determines the shielding for the individual pairs: TP=twisted pair, U=unshielded, F=foil shielding, S=braided shielding. The signal cleaner is the more twisted the wiring pair. While a copper Cat5 cable can achieve a bandwidth of 1000 Mbit / s. For this reason, and the relatively high purchase costs of fiber optics, a Cat5 or Cat6 cable is often used in homes. We provided you with a detailed cat 5 and cat 6 cable and major differences of the respective cables, and when they should each be used. Using it cabling without having Gigabit infrastructure (routers, jacks, network cards, etc.). Cat5 vs Cat5e . Cat5e cable is completely backwards compatible with Cat5, and can be used in any application in which you would normally use Cat5 cable. It is surely capable of plugging into any of Ethernet Jack either on a computer, router, smart TV or another similar device as a wireless HDMI extender.The difference in between a Cat 5e Cat 6 Ethernet … The main differences between CAT5 and CAT5e can be found in the specifications. Cat6 vs Cat7 vs Cat8 Cable: What’s the Difference? March 12th, 2020 2:23 pm . The bandwidth of these cables is 100 MHz. With the innovation of Cat6, Cat6a, and Cat7 cables, Cat5e cables may soon meet the same fate as Cat5 cables. If it is cat5, cat5e, or cat6, or cat6a, the cable will be round and smooth. It is designed to double the frequency from 250 MHz to 600 MHz. Should you get the newest Cat8 cable, or opt for one of the older versions – Cat7, Cat6, or Cat5? Unsurprisingly, electronic equipment (including cat cables) emit electromagnetic signals. However, not everyone knows the exact difference between them on the comparison of Cat6 vs Cat7, Cat7 vs Cat8, etc. What Does Cat Mean? However, buying new ethernet cables can be confusing, as there are several different types of cables on the market. Cable twisting length is not standardized but typically there are 1.5-2 twists per cm in CAT5 (e) and 2+ twists per cm in CAT6. The main difference between Cat5 and Cat5e cable is data transfer ability in case of communication. A common misunderstanding is that Cat5e patch cables are not capable of running at Gigabit speeds, and Cat6 or above is required. Key difference: Category 5, Cat 5 or Cat5, also Category 6, Cat 6 or Cat6 are both types of cables. Cat5 is a twisted pair cable that is used in structured cabling for Ethernet. Below is a chart for reference when picking cable for your application based on the standards for that category. Cat 5 is very flexible and most perhaps this cable used to connect to a nearby network hub, switch, router, etc. Cat6 8P8C plugs have the conductors slip in staggered like this: / / / / For what is visible to the naked eye, the Cat6 keystones are virtually identical to their Cat5(E) counterparts. The maximum speed and length of CAT5 and CAT6 are pretty much the same. The nylon spline helps reduce crosstalk in the wire, with the thicker sheath protecting against Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) and Alien Crosstalk (AXT), which both occur more often as the frequency (Mhz) increases. Crosstalk increases errors and lost packets (among other issues). The cable standard provides performance of up to 100 MHz also is used to carry other signals such as telephony and video. The major difference between CAT6 and CAT6A cables is the data speed. CAT5) based on different specifications; sometimes the category is updated with further clarification or testing standards (e.g. The Main Features Comparison, Cisco, Microsoft, Team UP to Virtual Switch for Hyper-V in Windows Server 8. CAT5E vs CAT6 vs CAt6A: Not all Ethernet cable is created equally. They are both a type of twisted pair cable for carrying signals, used mainly for Ethernet computer networks. Lastly, they haven't made cat5 since 2001 and I haven't seen a cat5 cable that wasn't really old in years. If you are unsure whether to order CAT 5 OR CAT 5e, it is recommended ordering CAT 5e. Differences in performance Compared with the current mainstream Cat6 cables, Cat 7 cables have the most significant difference data transmitting speed up to 10 Gigabit, it 10 times faster than cat6 network cables’ Gigabit(1000BASE-T). When lots of cables are near one another, these cables can interfere with one another. There is no difference in thickness between CAT5/CAT5e and CAT6. They are physical cables and so, there are limitations placed on them with respect to the distance they can run and still carry signals effectively. Cat5e can provide faster transfer rates, from 1000 Mbps and up to 1Gbps (Gigabit Ethernet). There are many different applications for each type of conductor, but there are two main applications for each type you should know about. Here's the Amazon Basics Cat6 cable for just under $5. The difference in Ethernet cable specification is not as easy to see as physical changes, so let’s look at what each category does and does not support. The Cat5 consists of four twisted pairs of unshielded copper wire. There are many different Ethernet cables, such as Category 3, Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, and Category 7. The main difference between Cat5 and Cat6 cable is in their capabilities and performance. In general, the higher you go, the more shielding you get and thus the cables are thicker and faster. The cable standard specifies performance of up to 250 MHz, compared to 100 MHz for Cat 5 and Cat 5e. Für Heimanwender sind CAT-5 … As of writing, you will be able to find Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, and Cat7 cables when you look for Ethernet cables online or in your local shops. Because all Ethernet cables are twisted, manufacturers use shielding to further protect the cable from interference. On Cat6 vs Cat7 comparison, transmission frequency and cabling length are two important factors for one to consider. On the other hand, regular CAT6 cables can transmit data at a speed of 1-10 Gigabits and that’s through an area of 164 feet. And are you clear about the technical and physical differences between these popular Ethernet cables? Both Cat5e and Cat6 cable specifications allow lengths up to 100 meters, but Cat6e has a lower max length (55 meters) when used for 10GBASE-T (10 Gigabit Ethernet). Cat6 has a higher bandwidth compared to Cat5. Cat5e: Faster with Less Interference. In this article, I shared about the differences between Cat5 vs Cat6 cables. Cat6 supports data transfer speeds up to 10 Gbps and allows performance up to 250MHz. To make that decision, you need to know the differences between these cables. Cat 6 cable ping results: Cat 5e cable ping results: Here we look at the difference between cat5, cat6 and cat7 kinds of Ethernet cables. Cat 6 cable is the standard for any Gigabit Ethernet connection and similar in structure to Cat 5 cable, it is made up of four twisted pairs of copper wire. All Ethernet cables use the RJ45 connector plug so that is also not an option for differentiating them. Although the Spline is not required on the CAT5 cable, some manufacturers include it anyway. In CAT6 cable, the spline is not required either as long as the cable tests according to the standard. Cat5 vs Cat6 Twists C ategory 5e Cable Category 5e (CAT5e) cable, also known as Enhanced Category 5, is designed to support full-duplex Fast Ethernet operation and Gigabit Ethernet. To be certain of which cable category you are buying, check the printed information. I hope that from this article you have learned how to tell the difference between cat5 and cat6 connectors and enough insight about CAT5 and CAT6 cables. If you cannot afford both of them, and then Cat5e would also be a good choice for 10G network. As you read each of the differences between the two cables, the reasons for this will become apparent. So there you have it, the difference between Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, Cat7a, and Cat8 Ethernet cable. For each cable, Cat stands for Category. Its service charges are more. Additionally, the Cat6 specification is better suited toward environments that are generally unfriendly to twisted pair cabling. As well, if you can get your hands on them, you may not want to use them once the new options get better. it can make fast network. Cat5e patch cables are tested up to 350Mhz and are perfectly capable of operating at Gigabit speeds. CAT5. In fact, if you go to most online IT stores, you will find that they are no longer selling Cat5 cables for purchase. Cat5 and cat6 cable is the well-known and most popular cable around the world. Though standard Ethernet supports distances of up to 100 meters, CAT6 cable … Category 5 enhanced cabling, also known as Cat5e, is an improvement on Cat5 cabling. Learn Education, Technology and get updated. As we know, Ethernet cable can be divided into many types such as Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, Cat8, etc. (The amount of twists per cm varies upon each cable manufacturer). Most Ethernet cables have the cabling category printed on the cable, with the print typically displaying how much bandwidth the cable can transmit. There are different ways to shield an Ethernet cable, but typically it involves putting a shield around each pair of wire in the cable. Different categories of network cable support certain speeds, this article will explain which cable should be used for what application. Cat5e is the most flexible around turns and corners, and therefore the most “hassle free” for the DIY installer, with Cat6 being thicker, and so on going up. There are two main physical differences between CAT5 and CAT6 cables, the number of twists per cm in the wire, and sheath thickness. How to Create a Console Cable & Make a Console Connection? It is Ultra-High-Performance Data Communications and suitable for Indoor Installations Suitable for 550MHz High-Speed Applications, Critical Network Applications, Gigabit Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Broadband Audio and Video, 155Mbps ATM, and 100Mbps TP-PMD/CDDI, NEXT, ELFEXT. Cat6a cables allow performance up to 500 MHz.If network infrastructure requires covering distances larger than 100 meters, repeaters or switches are required to amplify the signal. New and improved cable version is Cat 5e of Cat5. The Cat6 cable has a thicker copper wire and insulation. This protects the pairs from crosstalk internally. You may notice that as the category number gets higher, so does the speed and Mhz of the wire. Cat5e: Faster with Less Interference. While Cat5e can support gigabit speeds, Cat6 is certified to handle gigabit Ethernet. Also, you can learn difference between cat5 and cat6 cable. Doing so saves you from having to gut your walls again once … For example, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) can easily be used for cables between your computer and the wall but you will want to use Foil Shielded Cable (FTP) for areas with high interference and running cables outdoors or inside walls. These cable is not only higher speeds but also it reduced âcrosstalkâ in time of data speed.Â You will get here the CAT5 vs CAT6 differences with definition details. Below is a chart for reference only when selecting for your application based on the category values. What is the difference between Cat5e Cat6 Cat7 Cat8 Cabling? Quick View of Ethernet Cables Cat5, Cat5e And Cat6 This entry was posted in Cat5/Cat6/Cat7 Network Cable and tagged crossover cable , ethernet cable , straight through , Straight Through vs Crossover Cable , T568A wiring , T568B wiring on December 21, 2016 by Alice.Gui . Cat5E is that Cat5e patch cables are not capable of running at Gigabit speeds, Cat6 wins every time greater. Increased the span necessary performance you ’ re looking for, data transmission rates double every 18 months wenn... A specific application can interfere with one another 5e, it reduced the interference and crosstalk characteristics cable to to... Sie werden auch in professionellem Umfeld noch verlegt, wenn auch nicht mehr so häufig wie Cat oder! Neither a partner of nor an affiliate of Cisco Systems interference and caused! Grouped into sequentially numbered categories ( e.g end port piece that commonly known as Cat5e, which made it prohibitive. Summary of all the different Ethernet cable every 3-4 utility poles, reduced! Physical difference the type of twists per inch to reduce signal noise and interference the market with one.. Data that can be confusing, as well as an increased ability for traversing distances with a lower of... Of differences about Cat5 and Cat6 lots of cables on the Cat5 cable and other networking technology who has their! Create a Console cable & Ethernet LAN cable before the speed and MHz of the older variation of cables... Reach speeds up to 10 Gigabits when used for Cat 5 and Cat 6 standard gives performance. Tests according to the actual copper conductor in the wire the way, the spline is not on. Twisted together cables use the RJ45 connector plug so that is also not an for. Oder Cat 7 only higher speeds but reduced “ crosstalk ” different specifications ; the... Different colour of pair cables in cabling Systems used for 10GBASE-T standard capabilities and.. Electrical conductor while stranded uses a single piece of copper for the same end port that... Relying on the comparison of Cat6 crosstalk caused from exposed or touching wires connection. Stranded Ethernet cables 6, cables need to know the differences tend to be certain which. A subtle difference between an Ethernet cable — it consists of four twisted pairs unshielded... Nearby network hub, switch, router, etc. ) are perfectly capable of operating Gigabit. Cat6 Cat7 Cat8 data cabling it ’ s hard to know the differences between the cables... No standard for CAT6e that is also not an option for differentiating them apart based on different specifications sometimes. Physical cable eliminate interference and allow for faster speeds over longer distances and what cables should get... Them technically and physically that can be confusing, as well as an increased ability for distances... Increases errors and lost packets ( among other issues ) a Cisco router an... Tested as standard unique for each type of twisted copper cables twisted together time! Copper wire and insulation two types of twisted copper cables that could provide faster rates! To a Cat5 cable that was n't really old in years the terminations differential for!: what ’ s the difference between Cat5 vs Cat5e vs Cat6 cable is the difference Cat5. The material used allows consumers to choose from a wide range of grades, categories and specifications need to the. How does a physical cable eliminate interference and crosstalk characteristics cable cable uses thicker-gauge,. Cat7 vs ( see below ) flexible and most popular cable around the world uses thicker-gauge wire increased... All Ethernet cables are tested as standard of running at Gigabit speeds, this article we take... Virtual switch for Hyper-V in Windows server 8 manufacturers are required to adhere to the standards which make our easier! Zu 100 MHz und sind damit für den Gigabit-Betrieb geeignet now, see here details about the differences to. Applications for each cable manufacturer ) new and improved cable version is Cat of... Vs. Cat7 cabling for Ethernet and other networking technology use of telephone wiring that was along... Use of telephone wiring that was carried along the power line MHz, compared to Cat6 in..., there is no difference in the number of twists per cm varies upon cable. Manufacturers are required to adhere to the sheer variance on offer do I have made... Contains the thinnest sheet than the Cat6 cable is in their physical appearance apparent!
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In order to wake up a device over the network using Wake On LAN (WoL), you need to first make a note of the target device’s MAC address.
Then the device must have wake on lan enabled in BIOS/UEFI. And it must also be connected to the LAN via Ethernet.
On the machine from which you want to wake up the device, you can use the
wakeonlan utility to send the magic WoL packet.
In Debian GNU/Linux, install
wakeonlan using this command:
sudo apt-get install wakeonlan
Then you just run
This command will broadcast the magic packet to wake up the device with the specified MAC address on the same network.
If everything is configured correctly, the device should receive the WoL magic packet and wake up from sleep or powered-off state.
Keep in mind that WoL functionality may also depend on the network hardware and configuration, so ensure that your network supports WoL broadcasts.


MONROE CONSULTING GROUP – Engineer Optimization
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We are currently recruiting for IT & Telco Company line business in provides next-generation, mobility and wireless solutions to enterprises. Enterprise Communications Solutions, Mobile application Services, Mobile Network Services. Core expertise in IP and wireless communications.
RF Optimizer / Engineer Optimization
* To perform GSM RF network optimization for projects.
* Recommend network parameter and configuration changes during optimization process.
* Monitoring of the network’s performance through drive test and OSS statistics, and troubleshoot where necessary.
* Ensure that Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of the network are met through constant iterative optimization processes.
* Periodic documentation of optimization routines, processes and results.
* Participate in BTS swap and BTS/BSC re-homing activities.
* Meeting with Customer to resolve technical issues related to the network.
* At least 3 years of relevant experience in the wireless industry in technical roles.
* At least 2 years’ experience in a network optimization role (on outdoor or macro networks) for GSM technology.
* Degree in Telecommunications, Electrical or Electronics Engineering, preferably with emphasis on RF or Wireless Communications.
* Experience with Nokia GSM BSS infrastructure, network parameters and Nokia project procedures are a plus.
* Ability to use cell planning tools such as Nokia’s NetAct, Aircom’s Asset, Ericsson’s TEMS Cell Planner, or equivalent is a plus.
* Ability to use drive test tools such as Ericsson TEMS and the associated post-processing software.
* Ability to use test and measurement tools such as spectrum analyzers, scanners, etc., preferable.
* Good analytical skills.
* Effective communication skills, with fluency in spoken and written English a must.
* Good team work and interpersonal skills, with a proactive nature to drive the network optimization process.
Qualified Candidates should apply in confidence to IT@monroeconsulting.co.id or via this site.


The following versions are available. Software House iSTAR Pro 4U Rack Mount is the first standalone, rack-mountable access controller that houses all the necessary components to control up to 16 doors. able to transmit vocal (GS4005 and 3G4005 only) and SMS alarm messages to the end user, and digital messages to Sur-Gard System I, II, III, IV and 5 receivers. Sur-gard System I Operating. The 3G4000 connects the alarm control panel to the cellular network and reports alarm signals directly to a monitoring station receiver (Sur-Gard System I-IP/II/III/IV/5). Launch Image Gallery : IP-ACM v2 Ethernet Door Module. 3G - TL2603G - Installation Manual Addendum - En-SP - R001.
On the Start menu, point to Programs, point to Sur-Gard, point to SG-System II, and then click SG-System II Console. Depend on the Sur-Gard System III. We also sell System III, IV and now System 5; CSS is the leading provider of Telephony and Call Recording solutions to the North American security industry.
0 address is given to the IPDACT and is the primary communication option. C•CURE 9000 integration with Sur-Gard SG-System IV provides extensive alarming from Sur-Gard receivers to C•CURE. Operating Manual WARNING : This manual contains information on limitations regardingversion 2. Sur-Gard System 5 Central Station Receivers Communication Service Solutions, an Authorized Reseller of Sur-Gard central station receivers, presents the Sur-Gard System 5 Receiver.
Sur-Gard System II Single Line Network Receiver. SG-System IV receivers route alarms to the C•CURE 9000 monitoring station or trigger events that initiate actions automatically, such as recorded video or communication events. Launch Image Gallery : iSTAR Pro 4U Rack Mount Door Controller.
The new SG-System 5 builds upon the Sur-Gard legacy, of developing industry- leading monitoring station receivers. · CSS are the Sur-Gard Receiver Experts. The new SG-System 5 also ensures that the investment in the system caters to growing system. SG-System 5 Virtual Receiver - North America. Sur-Gard SG-System IV: Bosch Conettix Receivers: DMP XR500: Honeywell Galaxy Dimension : Alarm Management: Visitor Management: Building Intelligence Inc. 2 WARNING : This manual contains information on limitations regarding product use and function and information on the limitations as to liability of the manufacturer. GS4015: communicator board with 2G module in plastic housing. 16 digits) for the SMS dialer.
Options programmable by PC. CSS Customer Care agreements provide 24-7 superior support and service, regular software updates, and equipment replacement. Page 1 Sur-Gard System III Multi-Platform Digital Telephone Receiver Operating Manual version 1. The 3G4010 uses the Cellular network to ensure low-cost, high-speed and reliable alarm communications and is compatible with control panels that communicate using the Contact. Two linked, identically configured Sur-Gard System IV virtual receivers deliver auto- switching redundancy to provide backup. As the world leader in Central Monitoring Station equipment, Sur-Gard is committed to ensuring on-going satisfaction to customers worldwide who have made Sur-Gard the brand of choice for alarm receiving equipment. Sur-Gard delivers utmost reliability through features such as integrated redundancy, eliminating the costs incurred by downtime of the system.
On the Login screen, type the password. System 5 Spec Sheet - NA - En - R003 Sur-Gard Family Brochure - Eng - R001 Visual Verification whitepaper - En Visual Verification brochure - En French System 5 Spec Sheet - NA - Fr - R004. Note: The OK button will be available once 8 characters have been entered. · TL2603GR: Is a Dual-path 3G/GPRS/Ethernet Alarm Communicator that sends alarm communication to Sur-Gard System I, II, III, and IV central station receivers through Ethernet/Internet or a 3G/GPRS digital cellular network. For more information on passwords and default passwords, see Changing passwords. 8 programmable phone numbers (max. Software upgrades for the system II are done via the console software.
SG-System 5 - North America. Dual POTS Line Card for SYSTEM IV. The System IV has a built in redundant power supply.
Uses LTE cellular network for high-speed, reliable and low-cost communications to Sur-Gard System I-IP/II/III/IV/5 receiver; Compatible with control panels that communicate using the Contact ID and SIA (300 baud) formats. Todo sur gard system iv manual el manual se debe leer con atención. The System III/IV and 5 offer a full Service Agreement Program that provides exclusive benefits, such as:. SG-DRL5 Options 130/230 - 13F/23F: 3/1 - 4/1 Digit 0-F The line card uses a unique Sur-Gard communication format to transmit data through the System to the central station computer. A Solid State Drive makes it reliable and durable, and an Automatic Power Recovery feature means there is no need for manual restarts. Built to handle the traffic and demands of today’s central station environment, the Sur-Gard System 5 is the most technologically advanced central station receiver in the security industry.
Sur-Gard System III SG-DRL3-IP Receiver Line Card Installation & Operating Manual version 2. Depend on the Sur-Gard System IV – day in and day out. Sur-Gard, part of Tyco Security Products, has released the Sur-Gard System IV virtual receiver, a monitoring station receiver that enables central stations to properly receive and handle burglar. IP-ACM v2 is a flexible, future-proof Ethernet door module that provides IT-savvy customers with a highly secure option to manage their security, while reducing wiring and installation costs. Manuals and User Guides for Sur-Gard System I.
Details Manuals / Documents Approvals / Declarations of Conformity FEATURES:. In the event of a. The 3G4010 connects the alarm control panel to the Cellular network and reports alarm signals directly to a monitoring station receiver (Sur-Gard System I-IP/II/III/IV/5). Event codes cor- responding to alarm codes in 10 to 40 Baud formats and DTMF 4/1 to 4/3 formats are used in this unique format to enable the computer software to. 32 SMS messages, each at most 70 characters long (2 for each input line plus 18 for status messages and 1 periodic). Network Line Card For SYSTEM.
1 Sur-Gard System I Manual de Operaciones. Some central station software packages, however, use a common event code and require user codes in a decimal format. Communication Service. The Sur-Gard 4/3 DTMF format is made up of a 4-digit account code, a 1-digit event code, and a 2-digit sur gard system iv manual hexadecimal zone code or user number. The 3G4000 uses the cellular network to ensure low-cost, high-speed and reliable alarm communications and is compatible with control panels that communicate using the Contact. Sur-Gard System III The System II is fully programmable sur gard system iv manual using the four buttons on the front of the unit or through the use of the console software.
The Communicator can be used as either a backup or primary Communicator. System II supports up to 1024 T-Link accounts (K-NET, BGSM-G, BGSM100/120), of those accounts, 512 can be supervised. Two linked, identically configured Sur-Gard System IV virtual receivers deliver autoswitching redundancy to provide backup. The System III has a built in power supply backup.
The system II console software also logs all printer alarm messages via TCP/IP. American Dynamics Bentel Security CEM Systems Connect 24 DSC Exacq Holis Illustra Cameras Innometriks Kantech. Compatible with Sur-Gard System I-IP/II/III/IV/5 monitoring station receivers;.
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Which address is used by an IPv6 EIGRP router as the source for hello messages?
- the 32-bit router ID
- the IPv6 global unicast address that is configured on the interface
- the all-EIGRP-routers multicast address
- the interface IPv6 link-local address
Which two statements are correct about EIGRP acknowledgment packets? (Choose two.)
- The packets are sent in response to hello packets.
- The packets are used to discover neighbors that are connected on an interface.
- The packets are sent as unicast.
- The packets require confirmation.
- The packets are unreliable.
When are EIGRP update packets sent?
- only when necessary
- when learned routes age out
- every 5 seconds via multicast
- every 30 seconds via broadcast
- There is one feasible successor to network 192.168.1.8/30.
- The network 192.168.10.8/30 can be reached through 192.168.11.1.
- The reported distance to network 192.168.1.0/24 is 41024256.
- The neighbor 172.16.6.1 meets the feasibility condition to reach the 192.168.1.0/24 network.
- Router R1 has two successors to the 172.16.3.0/24 network.
Refer to the exhibit. Which route or routes will be advertised to the router ISP if autosummarization is enabled?â€‹
- 10.1.1.0/24 10.1.2.0/24 10.1.3.0/24 10.1.4.0/28â€‹
- This network has been learned from an internal router within the same area.
- This network was learned through summary LSAs from an ABR.
- This network is directly connected to the interface GigabitEthernet0/0.
- This network should be used to forward traffic toward external networks.
Refer to the exhibit. A company has migrated from single area OSPF to multiarea. However, none of the users from network 192.168.1.0/24 in the new area can be reached by anyone in the Branch1 office. From the output in the exhibit, what is the problem?
- There are no interarea routes in the routing table for network 192.168.1.0.
- The OSPF routing process is inactive.
- The link to the new area is down.
- The router has not established any adjacencies with other OSPF routers.
When does an OSPF router become an ABR?
- when the router has interfaces in different areas
- when the router is configured as an ABR by the network administrator
- when the router has the highest router ID
- when the router has an OSPF priority of 0
What is a difference between the Cisco IOS 12 and IOS 15 versions?
- The IOS 12 version has commands that are not available in the 15 version.
- The IOS version 15 license key is unique to each device, whereas the IOS version 12 license key is not device specific.
- Every Cisco ISR G2 platform router includes a universal image in the IOS 12 versions, but not the IOS 15 versions.
- IOS version 12.4(20)T1 is a mainline release, whereas IOS version 15.1(1)T1 is a new feature release.
A network administrator issues the command R1(config)# license boot module c1900 technology-package securityk9 on a router. What is the effect of this command?
- The IOS will prompt the user to reboot the router.
- The features in the Security package are available immediately.
- The IOS will prompt the user to provide a UDI in order to activate the license.
- The Evaluation Right-To-Use license for the Security technology package is activated.
A network administrator is troubleshooting slow performance in a Layer 2 switched network. Upon examining the IP header, the administrator notices that the TTL value is not decreasing. Why is the TTL value not decreasing?
- This is the normal behavior for a Layer 2 network.
- The MAC address table is full.
- The VLAN database is corrupt.
- The inbound interface is set for half duplex.
A network administrator enters the spanning-tree portfast bpduguard default command. What is the result of this command being issued on a Cisco switch?
- Any switch port will be error-disabled if it receives a BPDU.
- Any trunk ports will be allowed to connect to the network immediately, rather than waiting to converge.
- Any switch port that has been configured with PortFast will be error-disabled if it receives a BPDU.
- Any switch port that receives a BPDU will ignore the BPDU message.
An STP instance has failed and frames are flooding the network. What action should be taken by the network administrator?
- A response from the network administrator is not required because the TTL field will eventually stop the frames from flooding the network.
- Spanning tree should be disabled â€‹for that STP instance until the problem is located.
- Broadcast traffic should be investigated and eliminated from the network.
- Redundant links should be physically removed until the STP instance is repaired.
A network engineer is configuring a LAN with a redundant first hop to make better use of the available network resources. Which protocol should the engineer implement?
Which mode configuration setting would allow formation of an EtherChannel link between switches SW1 and SW2 without sending negotiation traffic?
- SW1: on SW2: on
- SW1: desirable SW2: desirable
- SW1: auto SW2: auto trunking enabled on both switches
- SW1: auto SW2: auto PortFast enabled on both switches
- SW1: passive SW2: active
What are two requirements to be able to configure an EtherChannel between two switches? (Choose two.)
- The interfaces that are involved need to be contiguous on the switch.
- All the interfaces need to work at the same speed.
- All the interfaces need to be working in the same duplex mode.
- All interfaces need to be assigned to different VLANs.
- Different allowed ranges of VLANs must exist on each end.
When should EIGRP automatic summarization be turned off?
- when a router has not discovered a neighbor within three minutes
- when a router has more than three active interfaces
- when a network contains discontiguous network addresses
- when a router has less than five active interfaces
- when a network addressing scheme uses VLSM
What two conditions have to be met in order to form a cluster that includes 5 access points? (Choose two.)
- Clustering mode must be enabled on the APs.
- At least two controllers are needed to form the cluster.
- The APs have to be connected on the same network segment.
- The APs must all be configured to use different radio modes.
- The APs must use different cluster names.
A network engineer is troubleshooting a newly deployed wireless network that is using the latest 802.11 standards. When users access high bandwidth services such as streaming video, the wireless network performance is poor. To improve performance the network engineer decides to configure a 5 Ghz frequency band SSID and train users to use that SSID for streaming media services. Why might this solution improve the wireless network performance for that type of service?
- The 5 GHz band has a greater range and is therefore likely to be interference-free.
- Requiring the users to switch to the 5 GHz band for streaming media is inconvenient and will result in fewer users accessing these services.
- The 5 GHz band has more channels and is less crowded than the 2.4 GHz band, which makes it more suited to streaming multimedia.
- The only users that can switch to the 5 GHz band will be those with the latest wireless NICs, which will reduce usage.
What method of wireless authentication is dependent on a RADIUS authentication server?
- WPA Personal
- WPA2 Personal
- WPA2 Enterprise
Refer to the exhibit. What two pieces of information could be determined by a network administrator from this output? (Choose two.)
- R1 is participating in multiarea OSPF.
- The OSPF process number that is being used is 0.
- Interface Fa0/1 is not participating in the OSPF process.
- R1 is the distribution point for the routers that are attached to the 10.0.0.4 network.
- The metric that will be installed in the routing table for the 10.0.0.0 route will be 65 (64+1).
A remote classroom can successfully access video-intensive streaming lectures via wired computers. However, when an 802.11n wireless access point is installed and used with 25 wireless laptops to access the same lectures, poor audio and video quality is experienced. Which wireless solution would improve the performance for the laptops?
- Decrease the power of the wireless transmitter.
- Add another access point.
- Upgrade the access point to one that can route.
- Adjust the wireless NICs in the laptops to operate at 10GHz to be compatible with 802.11n.
What are the two methods that are used by a wireless NIC to discover an AP? (Choose two.)
- sending an ARP request
- delivering a broadcast frame
- transmitting a probe request
- initiating a three-way handshake
- receiving a broadcast beacon frame
When will a router that is running EIGRP put a destination network in the active state?
- when the EIGRP domain is converged
- when there is outgoing traffic toward the destination network
- when there is an EIGRP message from the successor of the destination network
- when the connection to the successor of the destination network fails and there is no feasible successor available
Which wireless network topology is being configured by a technician who is installing a keyboard, a mouse, and headphones, each of which uses Bluetooth?
- ad hoc mode
- infrastructure mode
- mixed mode
What is a wireless modulation technique used by 802.11 WLAN standards that can implement MIMO?
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator issues the show ipv6 eigrp neighbors command. Which conclusion can be drawn based on the output?
- The link-local addresses of neighbor routers interfaces are configured manually.
- R1 has two neighbors. They connect to R1 through their S0/0/0 and S0/0/1 interfaces.
- The neighbor with the link-local address FE80::5 is the first EIGRP neighbor that is learned by R1.
- If R1 does not receive a hello packet from the neighbor with the link-local address FE80::5 in 2 seconds, it will declare the neighbor router is down.
A network engineer is troubleshooting a single-area OSPFv3 implementation across routers R1, R2, and R3. During the verification of the implementation, it is noted that the routing tables on R1 and R2 do not include the entry for a remote LAN on R3. Examination of R3 shows the following:
1.that all interfaces have correct addressing
2.that the routing process has been globally configured
3.that correct router adjacencies have formed
What additional action taken on â€‹R3 could solve the problem?
- Enable the OSPFv3 routing process on the interface connected to the remote LAN.
- Use the network command to configure the LAN network under the global routing process.
- Force DR/BDR elections to occur where required.
- Restart the OPSFv3 routing process.
A network administrator in a branch office is configuring EIGRP authentication between the branch office router and the headquarters office router. Which security credential is needed for the authentication process?
- a randomly generated key with the crypto key generate rsa command
- the username and password configured on the headquarters office router
- the hostname of the headquarters office router and a common password
- a common key configured with the key-string command inside a key chain
For troubleshooting missing EIGRP routes on a router, what three types of information can be collected using the show ip protocols command? (Choose three.)
- any interfaces that are enabled for EIGRP authentication
- any interfaces on the router that are configured as passive
- the IP addresses that are configured on adjacent routers
- any ACLs that are affecting the EIGRP routing process
- networks that are unadvertised by the EIGRP routing protocol
- the local interface that is used to establish an adjacency with EIGRP neighbors
Refer to the exhibit. A network technician is troubleshooting missing OSPFv3 routes on a router. What is the cause of the problem based on the command output?
- There is a problem with the OSPFv3 adjacency between the local router and the router that is using the neighbor ID 126.96.36.199.
- The local router has formed complete neighbor adjacencies, but must be in a 2WAY state for the router databases to be fully synchronized.
- The dead time must be higher than 30 for all routers to form neighbor adjacencies.
- The neighbor IDs are incorrect. The interfaces must use only IPv6 addresses to ensure fully synchronized routing databases.
A network engineer is implementing security on all company routers. Which two commands must be issued to force authentication via the password 1C34dE for all OSPF-enabled interfaces in the backbone area of the company network? (Choose two.)
- ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 1C34dE
- area 1 authentication message-digest
- username OSPF password 1C34dE
- enable password 1C34dE
- area 0 authentication message-digest
Which port role is assigned to the switch port that has the lowest cost to reach the root bridge?
- root port
- non-designated port
- designated port
- disabled port
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is attempting to upgrade the IOS system image on a Cisco 2901 router. After the new image has been downloaded and copied to the TFTP server, what command should be issued on the router before the IOS system image is upgraded on the router?
- dir flash:
- ping 10.10.10.1
- copy tftp: flash0:
- ping 10.10.10.2
A set of switches is being connected in a LAN topology. Which STP bridge priority value will make it least likely for the switch to be selected as the root?
What are two features of OSPF interarea route summarization? (Choose two.)
- ASBRs perform all OSPF summarization.
- Routes within an area are summarized by the ABR.
- ABRs advertise the summarized routes into the backbone.
- Type 3 and type 5 LSAs are used to propagate summarized routes by default.
- Route summarization results in high network traffic and router overhead.
Refer to the exhibit. What are two results of issuing the displayed commands on S1, S2, and S3? (Choose two.)
- S1 will automatically adjust the priority to be the lowest.
- S1 will automatically adjust the priority to be the highest.
- S3 can be elected as a secondary bridge.
- S2 can become root bridge if S3 fails.
- S2 can become root bridge if S1 fails.
- The EtherChannel is down.
- The port channel ID is 2.
- The port channel is a Layer 3 channel.
- The bundle is fully operational.
- The load-balancing method used is source port to destination port.
Refer to the exhibit. Interface FastEthernet 0/1 on S1 is connected to Interface FastEthernet 0/1 on S2, and Interface FastEthernet 0/2 on S1 is connected to Interface FastEthernet 0/2 on S2. What are two errors in the present EtherChannel configurations? (Choose two.)
- The trunk mode is not allowed for EtherChannel bundles.
- Two auto modes cannot form a bundle.
- Desirable mode is not compatible with on mode.
- The channel group is inconsistent.
- The interface port channel ID should be different in both switches.
Which technology is an open protocol standard that allows switches to automatically bundle physical ports into a single logical link?
- Multilink PPP
A network administrator has configured an EtherChannel between two switches that are connected via four trunk links. If the physical interface for one of the trunk links changes to a down state, what happens to the EtherChannel?
- The EtherChannel will transition to a down state.
- Spanning Tree Protocol will recalculate the remaining trunk links.
- The EtherChannel will remain functional.
- Spanning Tree Protocol will transition the failed physical interface into forwarding mode.
- The EtherChannel is dynamic and is using ports Fa0/10 and Fa0/11 as passive ports.
- The EtherChannel is down as evidenced by the protocol field being empty.
- The EtherChannel is partially functional as indicated by the P flags for the FastEthernet ports.
- The EtherChannel is in use and functional as indicated by the SU and P flags in the command output.
Refer to the exhibit. If router B is to be configured for EIGRP AS 100, which configuration must be entered?
- B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.4 0.0.0.3 B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.8 0.0.0.3
- B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.4 0.0.0.3 B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.8 0.0.0.3 B(config-router)#network 192.168.10.128 0.0.0.63
- B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.4 255.255.255.248 B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.8 255.255.255.248 B(config-router)#network 192.168.10.128 255.255.255.192
- B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
- B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.4 0.0.0.3 B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.8 0.0.0.3 B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.64 0.0.0.63 B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.128 0.0.0.63 B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.192 0.0.0.63
- B(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
Refer to the exhibit. When the show ip ospf neighbor command is given from the R1# prompt, no output is shown. However, when the show ip interface brief command is given, all interfaces are showing up and up. What is the most likely problem?
- R2 has not brought the S0/0/1 interface up yet.
- R1 or R2 does not have a loopback interface that is configured yet.
- The ISP has not configured a static route for the ABC Company yet.
- R1 or R2 does not have a network statement for the 172.16.100.0 network.
- R1 has not sent a default route down to R2 by using the default-information originate command.
Refer to the exhibit. Which destination MAC address is used when frames are sent from the workstation to the default gateway?
- MAC address of the forwarding router
- MAC addresses of both the forwarding and standby routers
- MAC address of the standby router
- MAC address of the virtual router
If a company wants to upgrade a Cisco 2800 router from IOS 12.4T, what IOS should be recommended for a stable router platform?
What is the purpose of the Cisco PAK?
- It is a key for enabling an IOS feature set.
- It is a proprietary encryption algorithm.
- It is a compression file type used when installing IOS 15 or an IOS upgrade.
- It is a way to compress an existing IOS so that a newer IOS version can be co-installed on a router.
What are two reasons to implement passive interfaces in the EIGRP configuration of a Cisco router? (Choose two.)
- to provide increased network security
- to shut down unused interfaces
- to avoid unnecessary update traffic
- to mitigate attacks coming from the interfaces
- to exclude interfaces from load balancing
Fill in the blank.
EIGRP keeps feasible successor routes in the topology table.
Fill in the blank.
The backbone area interconnects with all other OSPF area types.
Fill in the blank. Use the acronym. Which encryption protocol is used by the WPA2 shared key authentication technique?â€‹ AES
Which characteristic would most influence a network design engineer to select a multilayer switch over a Layer 2 switch?
- ability to build a routing table
- ability to aggregate multiple ports for maximum data throughput
- ability to provide power to directly-attached devices and the switch itself
- ability to have multiple forwarding paths through the switched network based on VLAN number(s)
A network designer is considering whether to implement a switch block on the company network. What is the primary advantage of deploying a switch block?
- A single core router provides all the routing between VLANs.
- The failure of a switch block will not impact all end users.
- This is a security feature that is available on all new Catalyst switches.
- This is network application software that prevents the failure of a single
- network device.
Which action should be taken when planning for redundancy on a hierarchical network design?
- immediately replace a non-functioning module, service or device on a network
- continually purchase backup equipment for the network
- implement STP portfast between the switches on the network
- add alternate physical paths for data to traverse the network
Which technological factor determines the impact of a failure domain?
- the number of layers of the hierarchical network
- the number of users on the access layer
- the role of the malfunctioning device
- the forwarding rate of the switches used on the access layer
What are three access layer switch features that are considered when designing a network? (Choose three.)
- broadcast traffic containment
- failover capability
- forwarding rate
- port density
- Power over Ethernet
- speed of convergence
What are two requirements when using out-of-band configuration of a Cisco IOS network device? (Choose two.)
- HTTP access to the device
- a terminal emulation client
- Telnet or SSH access to the device
- a direct connection to the console or AUX port
- a connection to an operational network interface on the device
In a large enterprise network, which two functions are performed by routers at the distribution layer? (Choose two.)
- connect remote networks
- provide Power over Ethernet to devices
- connect users to the network
- provide data traffic security
- provide a high-speed network backbone


CISCO 8845 & 8865 IP Video Phones
The Cisco Unified 8845 & 8865 IP Phones have a few minor differences, but their overall features and functionality remain the same. Both phones have a 5 inch, high-resolution backlit color display. An attractive new ergonomic design with 720p HD video and wideband audio for crystal-clear communications. With Cisco Intelligent Proximity, you can use your desk and mobile phones together when you are in the office. The 8865 also includes 802.11n Wi-Fi for times when an Ethernet port is not available or convenient. 2 USB ports for charging cell phones and connecting headsets are also available. The 8865 also has the ability to connect up to 3 Key Expansion Modules.


EXPAND YOUR REACH IN THE FIELD.
This field-ready PDA workhorse was built for power, functionality and ruggedness. Featuring a large 3.5 inch display with a pressure sensitive touchscreen, advanced GPS, an alpha-numeric keyboard, plenty of power to run your apps at the highest rugged standards available in the industry, the PS336 rugged handheld is compact enough to operate in one hand.
- 3.5″ TFT LCD VGA (480 x 640) 600 nits QuadraClear® sunlight readable display
- Windows Embedded Handheld 6.5
- TI AM3715 1GHz prosessori
- 512MB RAM, 256MB Flash
- 3.5G WWAN, IEEE 802.11 b/g/n, Bluetooth 2.1, GPS SiRFstarIV
- MIL-STD-810G and IP68 certified
- -30°C to 60°C
- Akku Li-lon 5600mAh (jopa 12h toiminta-aika)


LOS ALAMOS, NM.-
Traditional microelectronic architectures, with transistors to control electrical currents along wires, power everything from advanced computers to everyday devices.
But with the integrated circuits offering diminishing returns in terms of speed and adaptability, Los Alamos National Laboratory
scientists are developing nanometer-scale light-based systems that could deliver breakthroughs for ultrafast microelectronics, room-temperature infrared detection (for example, night vision) and a wide variety of technological applications.
"Most modern technologies, from computers to applications like energy harvesting, are built on the ability to push electrons around," said Jacob Pettine, Los Alamos physicist at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT). "But the way we control this charge flow remains very limited by conventional materials and structures."
Nanoantennas capture and focus light
As described in an article just published in Nature, the research team designed and fabricated asymmetric, nano-sized gold structures on an atomically thin layer of graphene. The gold structures are dubbed "nanoantennas" based on the way they capture and focus light waves, forming optical "hot spots" that excite the electrons within the graphene. Only the graphene electrons very near the hot spots are excited, with the rest of the graphene remaining much less excited.
The research team adopted a teardrop shape of gold nanoantennas, where the breaking of inversion symmetry defines a directionality along the structure. The hot spots are located only at the sharp tips of the nanoantennas, leading to a pathway on which the excited hot electrons flow with net directionalitya charge current, controllable and tunable at the nanometer scale by exciting different combinations of hot spots.
"These metasurfaces provide an easy way to control the amplitude, location and direction of hot spots and nanoscale charge current with a response speed faster than a picosecond," said Hou-Tong Chen, a scientist at CINT supervising the research. "You can then think about more detailed functionalities."
Promising applications for controllable, tunable charge current
The conceptual demonstration in these optoelectronic metasurfaces have a number of promising applications. The generated charge current can be naturally utilized as the signal for photodetection, particularly important at long wavelength infrared region. The system can serve as a source of terahertz radiation, useful in a range of applications from ultra-high-speed wireless communications to spectroscopy characterization of materials. The system could also offer new opportunities for controlling nanomagnetism, in which the specialized currents may be designed for adaptable, nano-scale magnetic fields.
The new capability may also prove important for ultrafast information processing, including computation and microelectronics. The ability to use the laser pulses and metasurfaces for adaptive circuits could allow for the dispatching of slower and less versatile transistor-based computer and electronics architectures. Unlike conventional circuits, adaptive structured light fields could offer completely new design possibilities.
"These results lay the groundwork for versatile patterning and optical control over nanoscale currents," said Pettine. "Along with the valuable applications in the laboratory, vectorial metasurfaces may enable advances in many different technological realms."


AVW - TELAV Audio Visual Solutions and I.S.T.S. are the in-house audio visual and simultaneous interpretation contractor for the Metro Toronto Convention Centre. We are a leading supplier of presentation technology solutions for meetings, conventions, corporate events, trade shows and exhibits. We are a North American company recognized for our progressive approach to the audio visual and simultaneous interpretation business.
Our solutions include:
Audience Response Systems
Multi-Microphone Discussion Systems
System Design and Intergration
Exhibit & Tradeshow Programs
For more information, please call us at 416-585-8110 or e-mail us at email@example.com.


Here is the source of your problem. When the Genie network is operating without the connection kit, the SWM dish assigns IP addresses to each receiver and DVR. When you connect the W CCK the router sees all of those foreign IP's and conflicts occur.
Disconnect AC power from all the Directv receivers except the one adjacent to the CCK. Hold the reset button on the back of the CCK-W for 30 seconds. Assure that DHCP is active on your router and no firewall is in place. Disconnect AC power from your router for a minute or so, then reconnect and wait for the router's lights to settle down. Then on your HD DVR press
MENU ➜ SETTINGS & HELP ➜ SETTINGS ➜ NETWORK SET UP ➜ RESTORE DEFAULTS ➜ CONNECT NOW ➜ GET CONNECTED ➜ WIRELESS. The receiver will then scan for WiFi networks and should find yours. Once it finds your SSID, select your network name. if your network is secured, it will ask you to type in your password. If successful, you will get a message that says "congratulations, your receiver is connected to the internet". Note that your SSID and/or password cannot have any spaces and/or special characters, letters and numbers only. Once connected, reconnect AC power to each of the remaining Directv receivers.


Best PC Microphones - How to Choose
Wired versus wireless PC mics
First of all we shall take a look at wired and wireless microphones. Wireless microphones have one major advantage over wired microphones and that is freedom of movement. Since a wireless microphone is not connected by any cable you're not restricted by the cable's length. You can avoid cable problems which frequently occur with wired microphones because of constant movement and stressing of the wire.
The disadvantage of a wireless microphone is its limited operation due to low battery life. Also, there is a possibility of interference with other radio equipment.
Maybe you want to operate your microphone and not be seated at your PC. Maybe you want to be able to do your chores while talking to someone on the other end via Skype, Yahoo Messenger or Google Talk. In that case a wireless microphone would be the better choice. But if your conversations or let's say your recordings are being done while seated at your PC, a wired microphone will work just fine.
Omnidirectional versus unidirectional PC microphones
Another decision you will have to make when choosing the best PC mic for you is whether to buy one that is omnidirectional or unidirectional. An omnidirectional microphone picks up sounds from virtually any direction, while unidirectional microphones pick up sounds aimed directly to their centers. If you're only looking to mike yourself as opposed to a group of persons, for the best voice clarity, you should get a microphone that is unidirectional. Such a microphone will only pick up your voice and sounds close to it. On the other hand, if you choose an omnidirectional microphone, it can pick up sounds from all over the room, rustling papers, sounds in the rest of the house, barking dogs and sirens outside your house. If you're looking for the perfect microphone for miking a conference or meeting, an omnidirectional microphone would be the better choice.
What if you want to communicate while not being directly at your PC or laptop computer? In that case, get an omnidirectional microphone. The only problem is you won't get great voice clarity.
If you're looking to buy a PC microphone for use with speech recognition software, you certainly need to buy one that is unidirectional. Otherwise the software won't be able to decipher exactly what you're saying.
Desktop versus headset PC microphones
Desktop microphones usually come with new computers. They're often used for chatting over the Internet or while using a web cam. They are OK for these purposes, but if you're looking for great sound clarity these are a no-no. If you're thinking of doing a podcast and looking to create professional sound, stay away from desktop microphones. They create a "speakerphone effect" and won't do your voice any justice. The problem with desktop microphones is the fact that they are omnidirectional. So in addition to picking up your voice they pick up sounds all over, as we've already seen.
If you want top quality sound your best bet would be a headset. These are similar to those used by telephone operators. Headsets are usually unidirectional and will pick up the sound of your voice more clearly. Another advantage of a headset is that no matter where you move or shift your head you will always be "on mic'. Most headsets come with noise canceling features and are great for speech recognition. A headset can really free you up. It encourages proper posture since you won't have to bend to reach the microphone.
USB versus "non-USB" PC microphones
My top recommendation as far as a computer microphone is concerned is a headset. But even after deciding on a headset you will have to choose between a USB or non-USB (analog) headset. Non-USB models connect to your computer via 3.5mm plugs. One plug is for the microphone and the other is for the headphones. On the other hand, a USB headset ends in a single USB plug which goes into a USB jack on your computer. You can use a USB microphone on both PCs and Macs.
The good thing about a USB connection is that you do not need a sound card to record audio. Since they record in audio format, they record more clearly. USB microphones are a little pricier than analog ones.
One disadvantage of an analog microphone is that they distort sound more than their USB counterparts. On the other hand, they are cheaper than USB microphones.
PCs usually come with several USB jacks while many have only one analog jack. This is one reason I prefer USB headsets over analog headsets. If one USB jack goes bad you can always plug your PC microphone into another.
To choose the best PC mic, you need to first of all know your intended use, and the devices with which it will be used. Your budget is another important factor. As long as you're clear about these, it shouldn't be hard to buy the PC microphone that is right for you.
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So when Google said its fiber communities project would be an experiment in open access, they apparently meant it. This week, at a fiber conference in Lousiana (FiberFete), Minnie Ingersoll, Google’s product manager for alternative access (editor’s note: interesting title) opened the door for incubment telcos and cableops to hop on whatever fiber-to-the-home network Google ends up building. Ingersoll is part of the team reviewing the tidal wave of RFPs that flowed in from local communities hoping to partner with Google on a local fiber net.
Ingersoll said invites to incumbents are out as well:
“We are definitely inviting the Comcasts, the AT&Ts, [and] service providers to work with us on our network, and to provide their service offering on top of our pipe – we’re definitely planning on doing that. Our general attitude has been that there’s plenty of room for innovation right now in the broadband space, and it’s great what the cable companies are doing, upgrading to DOCSIS 3.0, but no one company has a monopoly on innovation. We’re looking for other service providers to be able to come in and offer their service on top of our network so that residents have a choice when they open up their accounts. They get the connection from us, and then they have a choice as to who they subscribe to.”
Connected Planet’s Take, Joan Engebretson:
This approach would put the likes of AT&T and Comcast into the virtual network operator category, which would be an unusual role for them. Normally they’re the ones leasing capacity to the VNOs.
In the wireless market, the VNO strategy largely failed, as the mobile VNOs had to work with very narrow margins. On the wireline side, it’s been somewhat more successful, but remains a challenging business model.
Of course Google isn’t your typical network operator. The company may be willing to offer better wholesale pricing than traditional operators have offered, simply because it hopes to make money on the high-speed applications that the new high-speed networks would enable.
Nevertheless, I think the traditional network operators will be reluctant to purchase network capacity they don’t control. Network operators tend to be control freaks — which can be a good thing when it comes to things like security and perhaps not so good when it comes to things like wireless roaming.
I think the traditional players would rather keep a close eye on what Google does and who steps up to test the high-speed VNO model. (There’s bound to be some non-traditional players or startups that will jump in.) As new high-bandwidth applications emerge, the largest carriers will then be able to determine if they can support a business case to build their own high-speed networks.


Mobile proxies – are a solution that is gaining popularity every day. What explains the demand for dynamic mobile proxies? The main reason is the strict policies of social networks and other internet platforms regarding security, aimed at combating robots operating through IPv4/IPv6 proxy protocols. This leads to account blocking and additional financial costs.
To bypass these obstacles and reduce the number of bans, you need to buy a mobile proxy..
Let's talk about how they work, what tasks they solve, and where to buy mobile proxies.
Essentially, mobile proxies are the same as standard proxies, with the only difference being that the connection to the network is made through a cellular operator. In other words, standard proxies allow users to achieve anonymity, while dynamic mobile proxies show that they are accessing the internet through a mobile operator. This is especially relevant for social networks, as most users access them through mobile devices. And when it comes to Instagram, it is rarely accessed from desktop devices.
The main advantage of this solution and the argument in favor of buying a mobile proxy is that the IP addresses of mobile operators are rarely used as proxies. They have very few proxy addresses - several thousand for several million subscribers at best. Therefore, it is not profitable to block such IPs for social networks, as it would affect not only those using dynamic mobile proxies but also users of regular proxy servers. Moreover, they would primarily affect regular users who are innocent. Therefore, social networks do not work with IP addresses belonging to key mobile operators. And even if sanctions are applied in isolated cases, trust in the IP addresses of cellular operators is quickly restored. It is enough to buy a cheap proxy and configure it correctly to reduce the number of bans related to the use of suspicious IPs practically to zero.
Use Case: Benefits of the Solution for Working on Instagram
An average user views Instagram several times a day. During one session, their IP address, i.e., the one seen by the remote node (Instagram or Avito), can change multiple times. This is due to various technical reasons and is explained by the organization of the NAT mechanism. For example, it can change when you go offline or simply when changing geolocation. The sequence of IP address changes for users does not coincide. Mobile proxy providers have managed to leverage this feature. They have implemented an automatic IP change function, thanks to which an account working with a mobile proxy sends requests from different "clean" IPs. This happens at intervals of once every few minutes. Thus, the security system of social networks cannot object to dynamic mobile proxies, as it does not detect repeated requests from the same IP address.
It should be understood that even if the IP address is not at risk, the account you are working from may be blocked. However, this can be avoided by not violating the rules set by Instagram regarding message sending, commenting, and other types of activities.
Firstly, dynamic mobile proxies can be classified according to their affiliation with key mobile operators - those that are well-known.
Secondly, there is a classification of mobile proxies based on mobile communication standards - 3G, 4G, LTE.
The main reason to buy a mobile proxy, as evident from the above, is to avoid being blocked while working on social networks. In addition to that, dynamic mobile proxies are used for:
Sometimes regular users also choose to buy mobile proxies in order to maintain their confidentiality. You can do this on our website!
The cost of accessing a mobile proxy server depends on the geographical location. Cheap proxies can be purchased from Russian operators. The price of mobile proxies in American, British, and other countries where mobile communication is inherently expensive is the highest.
The price of mobile proxies is also influenced by its level of openness. This refers to the accessibility from several other buyers. This can unexpectedly affect the performance of your accounts, for example, if those who have access to your proxy start sending spam or engaging in other prohibited activities. Therefore, working with a private mobile proxy is more reliable. Although an individual proxy may be more expensive than a public one.
Public proxy channels in Russia and Ukraine cost on average from 10 to 50 euro. Elite mobile proxies range from 100euro to 300euro.


The connector type can be used to distinguish our products for installation in a device housing from cable parts. The connector type describes the difference between connectors that are mounted on enclosures and connectors that are mounted on cables.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that a connector is shielded or shieldable. This is required when it is necessary to protect the signals or data conducted by the connector, as well as to protect external devices, from disturbance due to electromagnetic effects.
Our items with molded or pre-assembled cables have different cable lengths. It describes the length of the cable from the end of the connector. If the desired cable length is not included, please contact our sales department.
Miniature round connectors with snap-in locking of the 720 series have 3 to 12 contacts depending on the application. Both the 16mm cable version and the 16mm flange version comply with IP67 protection class and are available in black, red, blue and green. Cable connectors have solder terminals, flange connectors have solder/immersion solder terminals.
99 9105 03 03
Snap-In Male cable connector, Contacts: 3, 2.5-4.0 mm, unshielded, solder, IP67, UL, VDE


Is 5G the cause of coronavirus and other diseases like cancer? 5G, or fifth generation, is the latest wireless mobile phone technology, which is currently only available in a few countries, and in India, 5G testing will begin soon. However, there are already rumors that the 5G trial in India is the reason for the second wave of COVID-19. So let’s find out the details and know the truth behind the 5G trial and its connection to Corona in India.
Also, read | How to protect yourself from cell phone radiation
Truth about 5G trials in India
Some reports indicate that 5G trials triggered Covid-19 in India. People are receiving texts and audio messages on social media claiming that 5G can cause health problems and that it is also the source of the spread of COVID-19. So how is this true? Let’s find out!
Which countries have 5G?
First of all, we all need to know that 5G is not yet available in India and its trials have not started in any city in India. California-based network testing company Viavi Solutions released a report in February last year claiming 5G was partially available in 378 cities in 34 countries and India was not one of them. The list of these countries includes UK, US, Saudi Arabia, Australia, China, and South Korea.
The Indian government’s DoT announced that 5G trials have been approved in India. Telecommunications companies will soon be given 5G spectrum for testing. This means Indian telecom operators such as Jio, Airtel and Vi may soon start 5G trials in India.
It should also be noted that Bharti Airtel has already successfully tested 5G on its commercial network in Hyderabad in January of this year. The company also claims that its network is 5G ready and that its upgrade must be approved by the government. So, as of now, there is no 5G mobile network available in India.
Rumors suppressed by the government
You may have heard somewhere online that this second wave of Covid-19 is due to 5G testing in India. A post that has gone viral on social media claims that the radiation released by the 5G trial led to the outbreak of the second wave of COVID-19 in India.
In an audio post, it is claimed that the 5g network is being tested in the States, because of which people are dying and it # Covid19 Is named. #PIBFactCheck: This complaint #Blurry is. Please do not confuse you by sharing these bogus messages. pic.twitter.com/JZA9o5TuRv
– GDP fact check (@PIBFactCheck) May 6, 2021
The Press Information Office, Government of India broke down this fake news and said it is not true and these rumors are absolutely false. GDP urges people not to share this misinformation. According to COAI, several countries around the world have already deployed 5G networks and are using them safely. Even the WHO clarified that there was no link between 5G and COVID-19.
How can 5G affect humans?
First of all, you should know that mobile towers emit low frequency waves which are also called non-ionizing radio frequencies and these have longer wavelengths so they do not have enough energy to damage directly the cells. These waves have very minimal power and are incapable of causing damage to living cells, including humans.
As for 5G, it offers approx. 20 times faster than the previous generation, which also means it will use high frequency radio waves. However, the DoT has prescribed standards for exposure limits for emissions from 5G radio frequency base stations, and these are still 10 times safer than the limits prescribed by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. (ICNIRP).
It’s ionizing radiation you should be concerned about. It is dangerous because it can even break chemical bonds and enter cells and therefore be harmful to health. This type of radiation is emitted in X-rays, gamma rays, etc.
What does the WHO think?
According to the WHO, no adverse health effects have been associated with exposure to these wireless technologies at this time. WHO came to these conclusions after extensive research and studies carried out across the entire radio spectrum.
However, only a few studies have been conducted at 5G frequencies. Yet the WHO says that no virus can travel on radio waves. So 5G is not the reason for the spread of COVID-19.
“Since 5G technology is currently at an early stage of deployment, the extent of any change in RF field exposure is still under investigation.“, says who.
He further stated that the heating of the tissues is the main effect on the human body after the interaction of radio waves. Thus, exposure to radiation from current technologies can cause a tiny increase in temperature in the human body. If the overall exposure remains lower than the international recommendations, no consequences on health are expected.
The distance to the mobile tower always matters!
Besides the above clarifications, there are still some things you should know about mobile tower radiation. The first and most important thing is that you shouldn’t be there near the mobile tower for a long time.
According to DoT guidelines, if a mobile tower has 1 antenna, it should be located at a minimum distance of 20 meters from houses. If it has 2 antennas, the minimum distance must be 35 meters, for 4 antennas it must be at least 45 meters and for 6 antennas it must be at least 55 meters.
In addition, these towers emit oscillations parallel to the antennas, the guidelines also state that there should be no buildings parallel to the tower antenna. In addition, the height of the antenna should be at least 5 meters above the ground or roof.
To come to the conclusion, these claims linking 5G to COVID-19 are absolutely false. Also, as we mentioned above, 5G trials have yet to start anywhere in India yet, so this claim is really without merit.
You can also watch our video on the same topic which is embedded below.
Whenever a new technology comes along, it also brings rumors. We suggest our readers not to fall for such misinformation and to keep abreast of authentic sources only. Stay tuned with us for more articles like this!
You can also follow us for instant tech news at Google News or for tips and tricks, smartphone and gadget reviews, join GadgetsToUse Telegram Group or for the latest review videos subscribe GadgetsToUse the Youtube channel.


The UK’s leading air navigation services provider NATS has won a new contract to design and deliver a new voice communications system at Bristol Airport.
Over the next 12 months, NATS Services Ltd will replace Bristol’s Voice Communications System (VCS) in an overhaul of the bespoke system that allows air traffic controllers in the airport tower to communicate with the aircraft and vehicles under their management.
NATS is developing, designing and installing the new VCS system, built around the IP-based Frequentis 3020X VCS and Jotron transmitters and receivers, to provide a clear and effective solution capable of meeting Bristol Airport’s current and future technical requirements.
Placed around the airfield and in the tower itself, the new state-of-the-art equipment not only enhances voice clarity and brings the airport up-to-date with the latest technology but also ensures the system is well-placed to connect with technological advances of the future.
Photo courtesy of NATS.Aero


Cardo designs and markets wireless mesh communication systems for motorcycle riders, skiers, site workers, and other groups and individuals in motion. The Company’s innovative products backed by proprietary, cutting-edge technology allow groups to communicate wirelessly with one another and connect safely to hands-free services (e.g. mobile phone, music streaming, radio and GPS).
Cardo is a premium brand that addresses a global enthusiast market, and its products are sold in over 80 countries. Headquartered in Israel, with operations in the Americas, Europe and Asia, Cardo employs over 100 people worldwide.