GENERAL DYNAMICS Scottsdale, AZ – 2008 TO PRESENT
Consulting Engineer – MUOS Project, WCDMA Defense Communications
· Call for details
MEDIAGUIDE King of Prussia, PA – 2008
Senior Software Engineer – Video and Audio Processing Software
· Software design and development for client and server to process media files to generate
Client software written in C running on Linux platforms.
Server program written in C++ using Microsoft DirectShow filter graph technologies,
running on a Windows platform.
Client and server communicated through socket connections. Server was multi-threaded
to handle multiple remote clients simultaneously.
INTERDIGITAL DATA COMMUNICATIONS CORP King of Prussia, PA – 2006 to 2008
Senior Software Engineer – Embedded Systems & Firmware
· Software design, development and analysis for 3rd generation cellular data communications
· Designed and developed a driver for a SIM card interface.
· Analyzed and enhanced software for High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) for a 3G cellular data communications device.
VANGUARD GROUP Scottsdale, Arizona & Malvern, Pennsylvania – 2003 to 2006
Business Systems Analysis – Web Services Group
· In a business environment, performed systems analysis for enhancement of internal and
external web sites and applications. Worked with team developing problem resolution
management, tracking and reporting capabilities to handle problems with client accounts.
Provided analysis for usability of user interfaces for web-based applications.
Client Relations – High Net Worth Group
· Initial position – provide services as an NASD licensed representative (Series 6 &
Series 63), assisting clients with financial services, account and investment information,
and problem resolution.
MOTOROLA Tempe, AZ – 1984 to 2002
Principal Software Engineer – Manufacturing Automation & Semiconductor Test
· In an engineering R&D environment, performed software design and development at all
levels of the system architectures, from embedded firmware to operator interfaces, for
manufacturing automation systems, semiconductor test systems and web-based applications.
· Authored the department's SEI Level 3 methodology in conjunction with a corporate
software process improvement initiative and applied it to a project I managed.
· Designed and developed embedded firmware for system components containing 68000 MPU.
Firmware consisted of kernel and associated ISR's, calibration and diagnostic routines,
operational routines, and interfaces to other system components. Software was written
in 680x0 assembler and C.
· Designed and developed the operator interface for a number of major test and
manufacturing systems. Authored an operator's manual (approximately 150 pages) that was
used in training and operations for over 10 years.
· Designed and developed electro-mechanical control software to drive various modules
of a semiconductor manufacturing line. The control components of this system included
servo motors, solenoids, optical sensors, mechanical sensors, thermal sensors, lasers,
cameras and electronic test components. Also developed inter-process control/communication
software to coordinate the operations of multiple system modules. All work was done in C,
running under the QNX operating system.
· Designed and developed various Internet and intranet capabilities for our department.
Developed both client-side and server-side code to dynamically generate custom pages as
interfaced with back-end data stores. One system involved a manufacturing components
inventory and tracking database on the back end, and a web interface to manage and update
that database on the front end. Another involved a document storage, retrieval and
management system that was run through an intranet web interface. This work involved the
SQL-Server database and Access database.


Smart pole market to exceed $30.38 billion by 2031, observes
ALBANY, NY, March 28, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — The smart pole market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 15.7% during the forecast period of 2021 to 2031. Smart city project deployment initiatives are driving the development of the underlying digital infrastructure for several functions such as traffic management, parking management, and air and water quality monitoring, thereby creating opportunities in the poles market smart.
Installing smart poles helps make urban sites safer in terms of lower fatality rates and increased emergency response time. Highways, roads, ports and railways are important public places where smart poles are installed to seamlessly perform several essential functions. Smart poles play a vital role in transferring information between connected devices via IoT or other digital technologies.
Smart poles are designed to be compatible with 4G LTE or 5G wireless technology. 5G smart poles can harvest 4G LTE/5G network bandwidth for wireless connectivity from small cell-based stations inside the pole at locations where installing large towers is difficult. Sumitomo Corporation General Trading Group’s alliance with the Tokyo Metropolitan Government to test 5G smart hubs is a good example. The alliance involves testing areas in Tokyo where installing full-size 5G towers isn’t practical.
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Smart Poles Market – Key Findings of the Report
- Initiatives by several governments to invest in building robust and digitally connected transport infrastructure to reduce the number of road accidents are leading to the installation of smart poles on highways and highways. Smart poles are equipped with advanced monitoring and sensing technologies to trigger an alert in the event of an emergency.
- Installing smart poles is transforming the street lighting landscape for several benefits. Smart poles save energy and are an integral part of smart city plans for multifunctional features.
- Innovations in smart poles are expected to create new frontiers in the smart pole market. For example, smart poles integrated with advanced technologies can alert traffic authorities if traffic jams are reported anywhere.
- Manufacturers in the Smart Pole market are undertaking initiatives for consistent product upgrades. For example, manufacturers are integrating smart hubs with 4G LTE networks because internet connectivity is a prerequisite for smart city projects. The smart poles are also equipped with announcement loudspeakers and charging stations for the convenience of visitors.
- The adaptability of 5G smart pole design to utilize 4G LTE/5G bandwidths, and other innovations to integrate a small cell station in the pole are expected to add a new dimension to the growth of the smart pole market. Video cameras, LiDARs, radars, sensors necessary for navigation of weather, temperature and air quality measurement are additional features of the 5G base station integrated in the smart poles.
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Smart Poles Market – Growth Drivers
- An array of smart pole features for smart communities, which include street light monitoring, road signs, traffic lights, public communication system, CCTV, Wi-Fi and vehicle charging station. electric vehicles propel smart pole market
- The technological power of the smart hub to improve the safety and security aspect of smart cities in terms of reduced accident-related deaths and faster response against crime is driving adoption
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Smart Pole Market – Key Players
Some of the key players operating in the smart pole market are;
- Amazon Web Services Inc.
- General electricity company
- Mobile business systems
- Siemens AG
- Telensa Limited
- Zumtobel Group
- HOLDING SE
- Signify Holding B.V.
- Lumca inc.
- Neptune Light Inc.
- Sunna Design Inc.
- Wipro Limited
- ELKO EP
- Shanghai Sansi Electronic Engineering Co.Ltd.
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The smart pole market is segmented as follows;
Smart Pole Market, By Component
- lighting lamp
- Post bracket and post body
- Communication device
Smart Pole Market, By Installation
- New facility
- Renovation facility
Smart Poles Market, By Application
- Highways & Roadways
- Public places
- Railways and ports
Smart Pole Market, By Region
- North America
- Rest of America
- The rest of Europe
- Asia-Pacific (APAC)
- South Korea
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
- Middle East and Africa (MEA)
- GCC countries
- South Africa
- Rest of the Middle East and Africa
- South America
- Rest of South America
Browse the latest Electronics and semiconductor industry TMR Research Reports
About Transparency Market Research
Transparency Market Research is a global market intelligence company, providing global market intelligence reports and services. Our proprietary blend of quantitative forecasting and trend analysis delivers forward-looking insights to thousands of decision makers. Our experienced team of analysts, researchers and consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools and techniques to gather and analyze information.
Our data repository is continually updated and reviewed by a team of research experts, so that it always reflects the latest trends and information. With broad research and analytical capability, Transparency Market Research uses rigorous primary and secondary research techniques to develop distinctive datasets and research material for trade reports.
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Fiber optic cable placement, installation, testing and turn up.
Complete services for design, placement and testing of structured cabling.
Full range of network equipment.
Complete network and system design and deployment.
Computer Sales, Service Repair
New custom built computers, servers, workstations and repair on all makes and models.
New phone systems, troubleshoot and repair existing systems.
CAD workstations, servers, printers plotters.
Services for manufacturing, processing, production in all types of industrial environments.
Financial, health care, real estate, retail, wholesale, educational.
We have been in business in the same location in Brookhaven, Mississippi since 1999. With over 35 years experience in communications and technology Sleek Communications, Inc. professional staff is well equipped to provide quality professional technology services for your business. We take great pride in our work and delivering to the customer solutions that fit any size project and budget. At Sleekcom we make technology work for you; not you work for technology.
Janurary 31, 2020
New Services Offered
Fiber Optic Cable Fusion Splicing and Testing
Sleek Communications is excited to announce we are now fully equipped to perform fiber optic cable fusion splicing. Fusion splicing eliminates the need for mechanical terminations providing percision, reliable low-loss connections. Fusion splicing is more cost effective eliminating the need for costly mechanical connectors. Fusion splicing also allows for repair of fiber optic cable as well as economical extension and relocates compared to replacing an entire cable run.
Our precision equipment allows us to fusion splice nearly every type of fiber optic cable; SM, MM, DS and NZDS with minimal loss for each type. Our equipment also provides for a splice loss report to be delivered for each splice completed.
Once all fiber fusion splicing is complete our N.I.S.T. tracable test equipment can test and certify each fiber connection and provide a detailed report of each run.
March 4, 2016
If you receive a phone call from someone claiming to be with Windows or Microsoft stating they have recorded unusual activity from your computer, hang up. These scammers will request access to your computer by getting you to visit a website and download remote access software. Of course the prices they quote for "cleaning" your computer range anywhere from $90 to $400. Once you give them access to your computer, within seconds they have access to any personal or private information you many have stored on your computer. We had a customer come in recently that had their identity, medical records and personal information stolen in this manner. Unless you know the person or company you are dealing with NEVER, under any circumstances, download software they request you to or give them any information.
Sleek Communications services all brands and types of computers. Give us a call and let us help you get your machine back running smoothly, safely and speedy.


Structured wiring refers to the systematic design and installation of a building’s low-voltage wiring systems, including those for telecommunications, audio/visual, security, and automation. This type of wiring is called “structured” because it follows a specific set of standards and guidelines to ensure that all the building’s systems are organized and can work together seamlessly. Structured wiring can offer many benefits, including improved efficiency, convenience, and flexibility. It can also enhance the value of a building by making it more attractive to potential buyers or renters. This article will discuss some critical benefits of structured wiring in more detail.
Makes Things Simpler
Structured wiring systems make installing and managing multiple types of wiring easier. Every system has its cables, but they’re all connected through a central hub. This setup allows for greater flexibility and scalability, as new systems can be easily integrated with existing wiring without having to rewire the entire building. This makes it easier to install new devices and add additional features and capabilities, all while keeping things organized and efficient.
Structured wiring is designed to be highly reliable and durable. This means it can handle greater load requirements, like those from multiple devices or systems, while remaining stable and secure. This reduces the chance of downtime or failure due to wiring issues, which can be costly in terms of time and money. Also, since all systems are connected through the same network, any repairs or maintenance can be done much quicker since it’s easier to pinpoint and access the affected cables.
Having a structure in place for your wiring systems can also enhance the overall security of your building. Centralized hubs make installing and monitoring security features such as motion sensors, cameras, and access control systems easier. This can help to deter potential intruders and unauthorized personnel from entering the building. Similarly, structured wiring can also help to protect any sensitive data stored on the network by making it harder for hackers and malware to access.
Adaptable and Flexible
A structured wiring system can be adapted and changed easily to accommodate the changing needs of a building. New systems can be integrated with existing wiring, as mentioned above, which makes adding additional features and capabilities much easier. This flexibility is especially beneficial for rapidly growing or changing businesses, as it allows them to keep up with demand without having to rewire the entire building.
Keeps Your Business Organized
Finally, having a structured wiring setup helps to keep your business organized and running efficiently. Utilizing centralized hubs and standardized systems makes it easier to keep track of all the wiring and ensure that everything is connected and functioning properly. This can help to reduce confusion, overcomplicated repair issues, and costly downtime.
As you can see, there are many benefits to using structured wiring for your business. Not only does it make things simpler and more efficient, but it also offers enhanced security, flexibility, and scalability. Ultimately, structured wiring can save time, money, and headaches in the long run. Get in touch with us at Sims Electrical, Plumbing, & Mechanical today to get an electrician or plumber in Evansville, IN to install your structured wiring system.


CTE continuously Improving Advanced Testing and Inspection Capabilities
CTE Tech Corp. continues to invest in advanced testing and experimental equipment, with the aim of improving our basic capabilities, so that we can flexibly respond to the needs of the international market through advanced deployment.
The CTE's laboratory has passed TAF's ISO 17025 international quality certification, and has complete test equipment for display and wire harness.
Many of the inspection equipments are jointly developed by CTE's experts and equipment manufacturers, thus allowing us to conduct the required product inspections in a more efficient and cost effective manner, serving as the strongest backbone for product design and development.
With the spirit of advancement, CTE will continue to invest in more test equipment preparation in order to provide satisfactory product and service solutions to each of our customers.
Edited by CTE HQ.


IRVING PARK — A ComEd substation in Irving Park is the first in the world to use a liquid-cooled cable that helps protect against outages from severe storms due to climate change, hacks and other threats to the city’s electrical grid.
The upgrade was developed by American Superconductor Co. and was partially funded by the Department of Homeland Security’s Science and Technology directorate.
The core innovation are thin strips of superconductor wire manufactured just outside of Boston, said Mike Ross, managing director of superconductor power systems at American Superconductor.
“The idea is we can move an incredible amount of power through these small wires if they’re at the correct operating temperature,” Ross said.
Traditional power cables made from copper wires are larger and less resilient than the new, much thinner superconductor wires. These thinner wires are insulated and braided into a cable that is injected with a flow of liquid nitrogen cooled to minus 337 degrees Fahrenheit.
For comparison, it takes about 18 conventional copper wire cables to transfer the same amount of electricity one of the new liquid-cooled superconductor cables can handle, Ross said.
The thinner, more advanced cable also allows ComEd more flexibility in upgrading existing infrastructure for increased use, like electric car charging stations, and it gives the company the ability to “quarantine” cables experiencing technical issues in a way that limits problems in the rest of the electrical grid, said ComEd President Terence R. Donnelly.
The technology allows electricity to be rerouted around downed substations to speed recovery from electrical grid outages, and it will create a backup system to keep electricity flowing in the event of a major power grid interruption, ComEd officials said.
“It’s a constant challenge. Extreme weather events have become more and more frequent. We all know it. We live it. We see it,” Donnelly said. “It’s like the 100-year storms are coming annually. And they bring the potential for greater systemic damage.”
The technology was installed at the Irving Park substation across from the ComEd Chicago North Headquarters, 3501 N. California Ave. It was unveiled to the public Thursday, and ComEd will keep testing the semiconductor cables over the next year as it looks at upgrading other substations in the city.
American Superconductor’s version of a superconductor cable began being developed about three decades ago and involved $1 billion in private equity investment to develop its core technology, said company President Daniel P. McGahn.
The upgrades at the Irving Park substation include an additional $100 million investment from American Superconductor in addition to the funding from the federal government, he said.
“This really is the first installation in the world of this resilient electric grid technology,” McGahn said.
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Live Archive keeps employees sending and receiving email even when service outages occur. Live Archive users can access the service by visiting: www.livearchive.us or inside the ExchangeDefender Admin portal under Quick Launch.
Web File Server Gets Major Upgrade
Tue, March 3rd 2020 - 1:25 PM
A new version of ExchangeDefender's Web File Server is set to launch later this month. The popular web file sharing service will boast a brand new UI, and will integrate seamlessly with our current portfolio of services. To learn more, and to see a sneak peak of what is to come, click here!
Keep Data Safe with Encryption
Wed, February 19th 2020 - 10:01 AM
ExchangeDefender Encryption enables organizations to securely send, receive, and manage confidential email. You can access the encryption service inside your admin console via Quick Launch, or via encryption.exchangedefender.com


WHY GET STI VOIP FOR YOUR BUSINESS?
You want a reliable, high-quality phone system that simply works. Our system adapts and adjusts to your needs and seamlessly works the way you do so you can focus on your business and not your communications platform.
STI VoIP meets your needs, regardless of the number of employees, offices and geographic location.
- Easy to use and manage
- Full PBX capabilities utilizing easy interface
- Eliminate costs of a traditional phone closet
- Low monthly phone bills (including VoIP services)
- Future-proof your phone systems
- READ ABOUT MORE FEATURES BELOW
With SelecTech, Inc., we give you the tools and features you need to enhance your business for improved growth and success. Utilize countless options to take your business to the next level with a wide variety of services from Hosted PBX and VoIP to Hosted Fax.
Call 717-774-2018 to receive a customized quote detailing the benefits of utilizing our innovative products and services. When you’re ready, we’ll install your new phone system with ZERO downtime, so you can get back to business.
READY TO LEARN MORE?
3-Way Conference Call
After making or receiving a call, a user may “conference in” any third party for a 3-way call.
Multiple on-site and outside callers can simultaneously participate in password-protected conference calls. Callers can be assigned “talk/listen” or “listen only” status.
Place calls on hold and play music or a commercial while a caller is on hold.
Unlike a call placed on hold, a parked call may be picked up at another extension.
Selectively record calls for training or documentation purposes. Note: requires a dedicated server in the cloud.
Call Routing Time Frames
Allows routing decisions based on time and date. Multiple schedules can be configured from departments with different hours of operation (e.g. business hours, after hours and holiday hours).
Call Waiting Indicator
Indicates incoming call (and Caller ID if available) while another call is in process.
Customize the appearance of your outgoing Caller ID by outgoing number or extension.
Incoming Call Identification
Identify incoming calls by modifying the Caller ID to display Call Routing information.
Live Person Answering
Set up a telephone number to ring a specific extension or a Ring Group – sequentially or simultaneously. This option enables your company to use a live person to answer the caller instead of an Auto Attendant.
Dial a Ring Group and make an announcement through the loudspeaker of each phone in the group. Note: phone specific; check per brand or model.
No Answer Call Forwarding
Automatically forwards your calls to an extension, group, or phone number when you do not answer your phone.
Dial another user’s extension and activate their phone speaker to make an announcement. Note: phone specific; check per brand or model.
One Button Redial
A device or softphone feature that redials the last number dialed by the extension user. Note: not all phones support this feature.
1- 6 Digit Extension Dialing
Hosted PBX extensions can consist of 1-6 digits.
Associate a voice mailbox with an extension or use an announce-only voice mailbox to provide customers with a prerecorded message when they choose an option through an Auto Attendant or extension.
Voicemail to Email
After a voicemail is received, the Hosted PBX will send an email to any valid email account or alias that you enter into your company portal. The message will include the date and time of the call, the duration, Caller ID (if provided), the mailbox number, and an attached WAV file that can be played on your PC or mobile device (e.g. smartphone or tablet capable of playing WAV files). You can also set up auto-delete for voicemail messages after a configurable time, or as soon they are emailed.
Voicemail to Text Message
Don’t have a smartphone or tablet capable of playing WAV files? Enter an SMS address in your company portal and the Hosted PBX will send a shorter text message to your device. Note: 3rd party text messaging rates may apply.
Transfer a call to an extension, group, or phone number after announcing the party to be transferred.
Auto Attendant Answering
Setup a telephone number that dials directly to an Auto Attendant. Callers are then presented with predefined options via the Auto Attendant feature.
Allows you to listen in on a selected extension and speak to the internal caller, but not be heard by the external caller.
Busy Call Forwarding
Automatically forwards your calls to an extension, group, or phone number when your phone is busy.
Forwards calls via your device or softphone. Calls may be forwarded to any extension or phone number. Note: device or softphone forwarding functionality may vary by manufacturer.
Caller ID Blocking
Disable Caller ID for all outbound calls made from your Hosted PBX.
Direct Inward Dialing (DID)
Set up a telephone number to dial directly to a device or extension.
Direct Inward System Access (DISA)
Allows remote users to dial into their hosted PBX from an outside line and make outbound calls that will display Caller ID information from a DID within their office.
Directed Call Pickup
Allows users to dial *8 plus an extension number to answer a call ringing at that extension. Note: this feature does not work with a Group or Queue call.
Disable Outbound Dialing
Disable Outbound Dialing for specific extensions.
Do Not Disturb
A device or softphone feature that simulates a phone being off-the-hook and sends incoming calls directly into voicemail. Other routing options are also available.
Find Me (Digital Assistant)
Set up a personal assistant to find you. This feature is configured per extension and offers multiple options to route calls once they have reached the given extension. Callers are prompted to announce themselves and are given the option to try the next location or to leave a message.
Incoming Call Blocking
“Blacklist” phone numbers to block them from calling your Hosted PBX.
Outgoing Call Blocking
Prevent calls to specific numbers or services (e.g. a 1-900 number).
A device or softphone feature that automates the dialing of a predetermined phone number.
Transfer a call to another extension, group, or phone number without announcing the party being transferred.
MUSIC ON HOLD
Music On Hold (Custom or Default)
You have the choice to upload custom music files or use our default music to be played while callers are on hold.
Commercials On Hold (By Phone Number)
You may upload multiple On Hold commercials to your Hosted PBX, and playback can be based on location or queue.
ORIGINATION AND TERMINATION
We offer competitive international rates, which are available via our website or upon request.
Shared Line Appearance
The ability to emulate a “Key System” where each phone can have predefined line keys that represent a specific phone line. Calls are delivered to the line and all phones with that line key. Any phone can pick up the call and all others will see that it is in use. Calls cannot be transferred from that line, but can be put on hold, or announced and picked up on the same phone or any other phone bearing the same line key.
Toll Free Numbers
Utilize one or multiple toll-free numbers which may be routed to a specific outside DID, Auto Attendant, group, or queue.
SelecTech, Inc. provides local phone numbers or DIDs in most areas in the United States. That means that we can port your local phone number to our system, and provide your company with the highest quality voice and flexibility of Voice Over IP (VoIP).
We provide competitive outbound call packages ranging from pay-as-you-go and prepaid minutes to unlimited usage plans. Our per-minute rate is competitive, and our quality and reliability are uncompromising.
Every location and phone number where you utilize a device or softphone must have an associated E911 entry in the Web Portal. The phone number associated with your location is then registered with the national E911 database. You are also responsible for updating this information with SelecTech, Inc. if you move any device to a new location per the SelecTech, Inc.Terms of Service.
Call Traffic by Extension
Track the number of calls by individual extensions.
Call Volume Graphs
Histograms graphically display calling patterns and trends.
Call Center Reports
Detailed reports can be viewed for activity and performance statistics per agent or per queue, such as answered and abandoned calls, and incoming calls per DID.
Accounting and Billing Reports
Detailed information about accounts receivable, invoices, and revenue can be viewed for all customers or per individual customer.
Activity reports provide graphs of call traffic and virtual path usage for all call types that occurred during the past 90 days.
Call Detail Records
Real-time call logging is available within the portal. Information displayed includes call origin, destination, duration, date and time, and call type (International, On-Net, etc.).
VIRTUAL AUTO ATTENDANTS
Top Level Auto Attendants (Always On or Time Based)
Allows callers to select menu options using a standard telephone keypad. Through the portal interface, calls can be routed to extensions, mailboxes, groups, conference rooms, call queues, or multiple levels of additional auto attendants.
Multiple Top-Level Auto Attendants
Allows separate telephone numbers to be routed to unique Top-Level Auto Attendants. Each Auto Attendant is individually configurable.
Sub-Level Auto Attendants
Sub-Level Auto Attendants are often used for different departments within an organization. For example, you may have a main Auto Attendant for your company, plus Sub-Level Auto Attendants for Sales, Support, etc.
With Mobile VoIP, your mobile phone becomes your mobile office. Utilize features like office extension, extension-to-extension dialing, Caller ID, and more to increase productivity while pulling together voice, chat, video, and other services to support your mobile workforce. Features include:
Support for Softphones
Our system works beautifully with most of the popular SIP softphones available today. Softphones let you access your phone wherever you are, allowing you to be called by any telephone number. Any domestic number can be assigned to your softphone line. Softphones offer full-featured phone applications that allow you to make and receive calls, transfer calls, forward calls, teleconference, and check your voicemail.
Mobile Office Extensions
IP desk phone features such as Auto Attendant, Unified Mailbox, and Find Me are seamlessly integrated into mobile workers’ laptops and smartphones.
1309 Bridge Street, New Cumberland PA 17070


Reported by the Telegraph , Sunday ( 05/18/2014 ) , the Company is headquartered in Hatfield claims that the 5G network is capable of transmitting data between 1000 to 5000 is stronger than the 3G and 4G now . So it will create an infinite capacity (infinite capacity) sufficient to provide data availability for any application .
Meanwhile , a number of latest mobile phones in the UK are now using the 4G network . This technology is just beginning to be implemented , because the scope and speed of a reliable data connection .
( Read: burung pentet )
There are approximately three million new people who sign up on the EE network operators , and the company is also currently developing 5G to adopt for the future . The introduction of these new technologies take a decade or 10 years to bring the network technology from research beginning to be realized .
Professor Andy Sulton said , 5G network will consist of a number of cells that support a top speed of between 10 and 100Gbps . The technology is also called ultra - low latency , which means the data will be retrieved dibadingkan 1-10 milliseconds faster with 4G , approximately 40-60 milliseconds .
In easier terms , that means if you used to watch streaming , will immediately begin without a long wait . So , if netters need data at 100Mbps to the needs of the ultra HD video streaming on a smartphone , it will be met by the network .


OSS PBX End Point Manager
Under Admin / Module Admin, install OSS PSX End Point Manager to easily add in additional types of phones. This will install a few more options under the Connectivity menu.
Navigate to Connectivity / OSS Endpoint Configuration, and click the
[Check for Updates] button. After it is
complete, install the Cisco package and select your phones. For this project, I installed the 7961G and
the SPA112 packages.
Cisco ATA for Analog Phones
I had owned a Panasonic KX-TG7745S from a previous failed experiment. It just did not link to my cell as reliably as I wanted it. This product would be PERFECT for someone with a 900 sq. ft. apartment when their cell phone is charging in an outlet and the owner is too lazy to get up off the beanbag chair to answer the phone, they can reach over and use this. Otherwise, in order to be within the 30 feet required for bluetooth (less if you have an obstacle in the way), you might as well just pick up the damn cell phone. But I digress...
In order to make this investment actually worth something, Cisco makes an Analog Telephone Adapter (ATA) to allow a traditional cordless analog phone (or hamburger phone) to register as a VoIP phone over an IP network. The Cisco SPA112 was a perfect fit.
The only change to get this working was that I needed to update the Dial Plan to the following:
( xxx | xxxx | 11 | *xxx. | *xx | <:1352>[2-9]xxxxxx | <:1>[2-9]xx[2-9]xxxxxxS0 | 1[2-9]xx[2-9]xxxxxxS0 | 011xxxxxxx. | [#*x][*x][*x]. )


Transportable Deployable Communications Systems
USNORTHCOM: The United States Northern Command
USNORTHCOM has two (2) Transportable Deployable Communications Systems in Alaska, which provide critical emergency communications and life support capabilities during emergencies. The South Zone Transportable unit (TAS) includes five modules and two tents. USNORTHCOM needed a dependable flooring solution that could protect its vital communications equipment, withstand heavy and repeated use, and hold up under harsh weather conditions.
Because of its unique cable and communications management capability, multiple-use applications, resistance to harsh weather conditions, and ability to be easily and quickly expanded and/or re-configured, Bike Track’s 2-inch ICM option was the perfect flooring solution for the US Northern Command’s needs and objectives.
Recently, USNORTHCOM added additional Bike Track flooring to the Marine Corps Training Facility on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER). The flooring at JBER is being used to protect the temporary power and communication lines from the environment as well as heavy traffic as everyone comes in for deployment briefs.
Why Bike Track? Bike Track has more than 20 years experience providing durable, modular, flooring solutions to military, government, and private organizations worldwide. Our specialists will help you design the exact floor plan you need and our global distribution network will get it to you anywhere in the world -- on time and ready to install.


The Haruans developed LENR (Cold Fusion) as a power source in GY 3624. They quickly shared the technology with the other members of the Galactic Union (GU) and within the next 200 galactic years, all existing power plants and Jumpgates were retrofitted with LENR technology (the GU did not restrict access to the technology so it spread to non-member species as well).
Common weapon types are Gauss weapons, electron beam weapons, ion beam weapons, particle weapons, and plasma weapons.
Both body armor and force field technology are available.
Many species have developed cybernetic technology.
Robots are common in galactic society, from externally-controlled, single-task robots all the way to extremely versatile robots controlled by internal expert systems that are virtually autonomous. Many species augment or have completely replaced their military forces with battle-capable robots.
GalaxyNet is an interconnected grid of computers and devices that spans the settled areas of the Galaxy. Although communication lags sometimes delay information, nearly every piece of knowledge is stored in GalaxyNet (often behind heavy security). Every settled planet, colony, space station, and starship has a local network that is connected to GalaxyNet.
For some, GalaxyNet is a sea of riches waiting to be plundered via Cyberhacking. These ‘hackers can steal valuable data, control connected devices (and nearly every device is connected), and even take control of someone’s cyberware.
Equipment is purchased with money, not character points.
UniVice: a ubiquitous personal information and communication device.


WHAT IS NEXT GEN TV?
The next generation of broadcast television technology is right around the corner. With Next Gen TV, you can expect stunning pictures, immersive and customizable audio, improved reception and innovative new features to enhance and expand your broadcast viewing experience. Next Gen TV lets local stations better personalize their broadcasts with information and interactive features so you can get the content and features most relevant to you. Also, Next Gen TV can provide improved emergency alert services targeted to your location.
Next Gen TV also supports enhanced mobile reception, so viewers can access unlimited live local and national news, the most popular sports and entertainment programs and children’s shows on mobile devices – like your smartphone or tablet – over the air without having to rely on cellular data services. That means you won’t run through your data cap, and there’s no monthly fee – broadcast TV is free.
Next Gen TV is also based on Internet Protocol (IP), just like online video services, and uses web languages for interactivity, so you can expect more innovation and new services in the future, and opportunities to bring you the best combination of online and broadcast television.
As the Next Gen standard grows in popularity, new televisions will have Next Gen built in. And remember, broadcast TV is free over-the-air, so there are no monthly fees.


Micromax Canvas XP 4G Launched
Indian Smartphone manufacturer giant MicroMax has launched the cheapest 4G phone in Indian market with fastest RAM option
The smartphone has dual SIM support and 4G connectivity, including support for both TDD-LTE Band 40 (2300MHz) and FDD-LTE Band 3 (1800MHz) for India.
It also has 3GB of RAM, making it the cheapest Micromax smartphone with 3GB of RAM and 4G support.
Micromax Canvas XP 4G specifications
- 5-inch (1280 x 720 pixels) HD IPS display
- 1GHz Quad-core processor
- 3GB RAM, 16GB internal memory, expandable memory with microSD
- Android 5.1 (Lollipop) OS
- Dual SIM
- 8MP rear camera with LED Flash, OmniVision sensor
- 2MP front-facing camera
- 4G LTE / 3G, WiFi 802.11 b/g/n, Bluetooth 4.0, GPS
- 2000mAh battery
The Micromax Canvas XP 4G comes in Black color, is priced at Rs. 7,499 and will be available exclusively from Snap-deal starting from tomorrow, May 10th. Even though it is an option sale, limited stocks will be available.
See this Video by TOI :


- 8 channel automatic mixer
– Dual output matrix with up to 8 open channels each – Balanced mic/line inputs and outputs – Channel grouping, up to 5 groups – Front panel encoders for intuitive manual operation – LED rings and master meters for easy level monitoring – Comprehensive connectivity for networking and remote control – 96kHz/24-bit processing – Dedicated software featuring I/O parametric EQ and output limiter
The LD Systems AM8 is an 8 channel automatic matrix mixer with balanced mic/line inputs, 96kHz/24-bit internal digital signal processing and a 20 Hz – 30 kHz frequency response. Rear panel RS-232, RJ45 and DB-25 connectors ensure networking capability, remote software control and monitoring while AES/EBU and dual master outputs provide analog and digital connectivity.
The AM8 priority feature is individually selectable for all channels with automatic or manual threshold setting. Front panel encoders with LED meter rings and peak indicators allow manual gain adjustment in 1 dB steps, input sensitivity selection and priority switching. A master encoder with dual LED meters provides gain control, output 1, 2 or both and mic/line level selection plus easy signal monitoring.
The AM8 software adds comprehensive configuration, management and control convenience. It includes phantom power switching, a 35 – 150 Hz high pass filter, high and low shelving or 5-band parametric EQ with variable Q for the input channels as well as a 15-band parametric and limiter for each master output.
The mixer’s channel inputs and master outputs are on terminal block connectors, the cable connectors are supplied with the AM8. The rear panel also features mini-DIN connectors to link up to 16 units for master/slave operation.
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About LD Systems
Pro Audio in Motion
Designed in Germany, heard around the world!
Within just a decade LD Systems® has become a major pro audio brand with an extensive range of product lines. The expert LD engineering team and highly motivated personnel are continuously engaged in creating advanced, state-of-the-art audio equipment that provides superior sonic performance and exceptional value. Designed in Germany, LD Systems® professional audio products deliver world-class sound around the globe.
LD Systems® is a registered brand of the Adam Hall Group with headquarters near Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Established more than 35 years ago, the company has built a solid reputation for quality products, outstanding customer service and being a dependable partner in the pro audio, events and MI industries. The Adam Hall® Group's rigorous standards and dedication to innovation are reflected in each and every LD Systems® pro audio product.


The project assessed the potential impact of selected innovations on specific types of network. The networks chosen relate to heat, gas, electricity and hydrogen.
Generic modelled networks have been developed utilising the Infrastructure Cost Calculator to understand the expected costs of certain types of network. The modelled networks provided ‘business as usual data’ and a useful basis for further understanding the impact of identified innovations in terms of overall cost and network performance.
The project allowed for increased capability to assess the costs of key types of network infrastructure developing improved understanding of the level of impact that certain network innovations could have on overall network costs. The project has delivered a set of high level representations of generic networks that can be applied to different situations as required as well as providing data on the expected cost savings.


What is a cochlear implant?
A cochlear implant is an electronic device that takes over the work of the human ear and converts sounds to electrical signals that the brain understands as sounds. It delivers them to the brain via hearing nerve after fine-tuning the sound much like a graphic equaliser on a music system, through an electrode array surgically implanted into the inner ear.
Whom does it benefit?
People who have severe to profound hearing loss wherein, even after wearing hearing aids, the person will have difficulty in understanding normal speech even at loud volumes. While without hearing aids they could not even hear a loud noise.
How does one detect severe to the profound hearing loss in a child or adult?
The subject person could not hear the prime elements of a class discussion, including key context and content without the visual cues. They will have a smaller or limited vocabulary than their same age peers, not hear all the sounds in a word, commonly leaving off ‘s’, ‘ing’ and ‘ed’ in their speech and their writing, will have problems pronouncing some speech sounds, particularly those in the high frequency such as ‘s’ or ‘p’. They would feel tired at the end of sessions that required intense concentration or were conducted in noisy environments.
Very often, they misinterpret what is said although they ‘hear’ the speaker’s voice (they know that someone said something but couldn’t hear clearly enough to understand what was said.)
There is a limited understanding of colloquial languages, such as ‘pull up your socks’, in normal conversations, they have difficulty in understanding complex sentences, have poor vocal quality, have trouble explaining their ideas, and have limited background knowledge and experiences in the range of areas which can affect their learning and social skills.
Who is a candidate for a cochlear implant?
A person who has severe to profound hearing loss in both ears, has a functioning hearing nerve which is detected by medical tests, has lived at least a short while without hearing, has no medical reasons to avoid surgery, has no benefit from the best hearing aids, and has a good support group at home.
What are the components of a cochlear implant?
A cochlear implant consists of an external device that looks like a hearing aid, which has the function of capturing sound, tuning the sound like the graphic equaliser on a music system, using software, and then transmitting the sound like a radio station to the surgically implanted device.
The surgically implanted part consists of an antenna, like a radio antenna, which picks the sound from the external device. A processor which is like a music system output takes the sound and sends it to different parts of the electrode which is implanted In the inner ear, much like a surround sound music system delivers sounds to different speakers in a room.
The electrode array, which is like Diwali lights, depending on the processor, different lights at different points switch off and on. In this case, different electrodes switch off and on causing different parts of the hearing nerve ends to receive stimulation that the brain perceives as a sound of different frequencies.
What has changed in cochlear implants since they were introduced in India since 1987?
External device: It has become smaller and lightweight, added microphones to pick up a sound and better software with faster processors to process more sound and give clearer and focused sound to the patient. Also, it has become smarter, able to send and receive data from the implanted device to diagnose problems and improve the efficiency of sound transmission to the brain.
Implanted device: It has become smaller and lightweight, electronically smarter, wherein the implanted device can send diagnostic information back to the external device. Also, it occupies less space and requires less surgical exposure.
The electrode array has more electrodes and is slimmer and less damaging to the inner ear structures resulting in more information delivered to the hearing nerve while preserving residual hearing, which has resulted in better speech and sound understanding even in noisy environments.
Also, the materials used have advanced to a stage where the body rarely rejects the implant.
Surgery: It has become more precise and less invasive, resulting in quicker healing and shorter hospital stays for the patient.
Sound processing software: It has advanced and is still advancing. Post-surgery, it enables the doctors to fine-tune the patients hearing and create software environments wherein even in noisy environments, speech and sound understanding are getting even better. It has resulted in less speech and sound training required post-surgery and more natural sound hearing.
Cost factor: Both surgery and implantation costs are decreasing as devices are being mass produced, and surgical techniques less invasive which reduce the surgery time and less hospital stay.


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Newton NH Office Staff
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The last two decades have brought growth in the demand for communications access that has greatly impacted the communications industry. The demand for high-speed information and entertainment is at an unprecedented high with residents and businesses alike expecting nearly constant phone and cable access. These numbers are only increasing with time, and industry providers must adjust. As the demand for a broader infrastructure increases, so does the need for qualified contractors who are capable of responding to these urgent cabling and construction needs in a quick, efficient and thorough capacity.
As the communication industry has grown, ADV has expanded its capability and breadth of services to accommodate new demands. We have made crucial decisions to ensure that we are capable of serving the growing needs of our clients.
Today, we are the established loyal and trusted industry leader, supporting major communication companies with all of their aerial construction needs. Our customers count on us to complete critical projects that allow them to keep pace in their industry. Because of our consistency and our ever-expanding reputation our client list grows daily. Advantage Utilities. is the most reputable, high-quality solution provider in the aerial construction industry.
Underground utilities are any public service infrastructures installed beneath the ground surface. Underground utilities include electric cables, telecommunication and data cables, water and sewer pipelines, and gas and oil pipelines. These utility lines are often a lifeline of human society and help a community to function properly. They are usually installed beneath the ground for convenience, safety, and aesthetic reasons.
Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared light through an optical fiber. The light is a form of carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. Fiber is preferred over electrical cabling when high bandwidth, long distance, or immunity to electromagnetic interference is required. This type of communication can transmit voice, video, and telemetry through local area networks or across long distances. Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals. Researchers at Bell Labs have reached a record bandwidth–distance product of over 100 petabit × kilometers per second using fiber-optic communication.
Conduits are a protective tubing encasing electrical wiring or low voltage cable. Installing conduits will protect against the elements, animals, etc., and will increase the life span of the wires and cables as opposed to direct underground burial. This also makes for easier future removal
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Network Cabling is used to connect and transfer data from computers, routers, switches, and storage area networks. Advantage Utilities can install phone, data, or fiber optic connections
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Providing Services To Companies That Support The Nation
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This charging cable comes with full compatibility with Usb-C, Micro-Usb and Lightning devices, and features an easy plug and play quick swap design while maintaining charging and data transfer capabilities. The cable has a 360 degree rotation and 180 degree bending, and has a built in LED for easy reading if the cable is properly connected to your device.
Available in 0.5m, 1m and 2m lengths.
Included in the box:
1x Charging cable (0.5m, 1m or 2m)
1x Usb-A adapter
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With an Optus nbn speed pack you can customise your plan and pick what’s right for your usage and budget. Factors That Can Affect Your Speed Test. There are several factors that can affect the nbn speed you receive. If the speed test doesn’t show the results you expect, first make sure everything is running smoothly on your end. Common. How to do an NBN Speed Test. If you’re starting to question the quality of your internet service, running a speed test can be a good way to get an indicator about how good – or bad – your internet is. However, there are a few caveats. Test your internet speed with our Broadband Internet Speed Tester! Measure your network's performance on your ADSL, DSL or NBN plan. Verifica la larghezza di banda della tua connessione a Internet a livello mondiale con questo test di velocità interattivo.
What do my internet speed test results mean? When you run a speed test you will see a result which is a number followed by Mbps for example 31.4Mbps. This is your download speed. If you click on the show more button info button you will see your Upload Speed. 27/07/2017 · A basic speed test of any internet connection is a measure of the time it takes to transfer a fixed file from a server. the ACCC is currently running a $7 million trial of NBN speed monitoring and it wants consumers to be part of it. I had the 'other' sex talk with my daughter — and you should have it with your kids too. At Ookla, we are committed to ensuring that individuals with disabilities can access all of the content at. We also strive to make all content in Speedtest apps accessible. If you are having trouble accessingor Speedtest apps, please email legal@ for. 07/07/2017 · Find out if you're getting the speeds you're paying for with the finder Broadband Speed Test for NBN, cable, ADSL, satellite and mobile connections. Find out if you're getting the speeds you're paying for with the finder Broadband Speed Test for NBN, cable, ADSL, satellite and.
nbn co is rolling out the nbn network to Australian homes and businesses. At Telstra, we offer various speed tiers on our nbn plans. Your actual speed may differ to the maximum line speeds due to a range of factors that we outline below. Explained: How to speed test your NBN internet connection. First step: check what NBN speed tier you are paying for. There are four speeds Basic NBN 12, Standard NBN 25, Standard Plus NBN 50and Premium NBN 100 and the speed you are paying for will inform the quality of your results. We provide our clients a true and accurate speed test for NBN services. Once you have completed your speed test you are only one click away from getting professional and help to get you slow internet speeds back to the NBN speeds you are paying for. Testing you NBN internet speed.
Dodo NBN Speed Test. Test My Download Speed Test My Upload Speed. Other speed tests, especially tests offered by your Internet provider try to eliminate routing factors. This can make your connection appear faster than it really is. 23/01/2018 · My republic NBN HFC connection 100/40 Capalaba Qld. Skip navigation Sign in. Search. Loading. My republic NBN speed test Keith heron. Loading. Unsubscribe from Keith heron?. Myrepublic / My republic Australia NBN HFC speed test using wifi
We are still testing your speed but will only provide a speed result at the end of the test. Please be patient while we do the test. My Speed Slower than I expected. What you experience at home is essentially a speed test application or content application, such as Netflix or Stan, run on top of the nbn™ access network and your RSP’s network, as well as other provider’s networks and infrastructure that provide your end internet connection. NBN Co LTD connection speed test, average speed, maximum speed & bandwidth speed test results. Test My Download Speed Test My Upload Speed. Other speed tests, especially tests offered by your Internet provider try to eliminate routing factors. Oz Broadband Speed Test. TPG Speed Test Sydney, NSW, Australia. Network Sites. NZ Broadband Speed Test; UK Broadband Speed Test; USA Broadband Speed Test; Broadband Tools. Speed Test; Compare Broadband Plans; Find my IP Address; Broadband News; Other Sites. Taxi Fare Calculator; Browser Watch;.au; Mumbo Jumbo. Check your telstra internet performance. Find out how to improve your telstra internet speed and download free internet tools e.g. internet download accelerator and many more.
Quickly test the speed of your nbn™ satellite or Fixed Wireless service and confirm how your device is connected to your router or modem. Check Address My Account Call Now 1300 759 637. Your answer is stored alongside your speed test result and may be helpful if troubleshooting is required. The nbn™ network is being rolled out across Australia delivering internet and home phone access using a mix of technologies, this is why your speed will vary based on the nbn™ technology available at your location. When you enter your address, we will tell you the maximum access line speed based on information from nbn™. Upload speed is measured in megabits per second Mbps. Latency: When your data is sent over a network, it’s broken down into little ‘packets’. Latency is the total amount of time it takes for a packet of data to travel from your computer to the test server and back to. 25/05/2017 · Here's a speed test on our brand new MyRepublic Australia NBN connection on their SuperFast Plan: not even close to the 100mbps down as advertised, but I'll.
Measure your connection speed for your Telstra nbn™, ADSL, Cable or mobile data service. Self Service. Test your connection speed. NBN Speeds Explained. There are four NBN speed tiers available, with maximum download and upload speeds measured in Megabits per second Mbps. Be aware that some internet providers refer to different speed tiers by different names, with some opting to reflect maximum ‘evening speeds’ in line with new standards recommended by the ACCC. Exetel Speed Test. Check your tpg internet internet performance. Find out how to improve your tpg internet internet speed and download free internet tools e.g. internet download accelerator and many more. 28Mbps is the max that is showing on the modem and 23.5Mbps achieved late at night for speed test but speaking to neighbors they are getting 50Mbps without speed boost and up to. NBN Speed Check In response to Jupiter. I was with Telstra before NBN. My speed was around 30Mbs. Poor NBN speed. So my problems with telstra.
Did the speed test and get 20mbps download. My problem is, I have an NBN box on my front lawn and a hole full of Telstra cables so it's literally 7-8 metres from the hub to my computer. Newbie to NBN how to check download speed In response to Shellock. How do I test my internet speed? There’s a fairly comprehensive range of speed-testing services online – your own ISP may even have one of their own – but the goal when doing a speed test is to connect to the closest server to your location as possible.
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Optimal Power Flow Based Global Voltage Stability Analysis Using Network Equivalencing Technique: A Case Study of Widespread Sub-Grid
Department of Electrical Engg.,
(* Corresponding author)
The objective this paper is to develop a methodology to assess the voltage stability considering optimal operating criteria using the concept of equivalencing the multi-bus power system to a two-bus network model and by studying the necessary parameters of the equivalent system. There by, a generalized global voltage stability indicator being developed, it has been applied to a typical longitudinal power supply (LPS) system and a robust practical 203-bus Indian Eastern Grid system. Simulation results have proved that this new network equivalent method is promising to assess voltage stability of any power system at any operating point in global scenario. In the equivalent network the generators are modelled more accurately considering economic criteria.
Equivalent Two-Bus Network; Global Voltage Stability; Optimal Power Flow; Weak Bus.
With the ever-increasing electrical energy demand of power system without sufficient transmission and /or generation enhancement, the voltage stability problem has become a major concern in planning and operation. Many recent large-scale power system breakdowns have been the consequence of instabilities characterized by sudden voltage collapse phenomena [1, 2]. Voltage instability is a local phenomenon and it occurs at a bus within an area with high loads and low voltage profile. The remote buses usually have very little influence to improve the voltage stability of the affected bus. However, the voltage problem of the affected bus may cause a series of line outages and the ultimate result is system blackout. Therefore, voltage stability analysis is important in order to identify the critical buses in a power system i.e., buses which are closed to their voltage stability limits and thus enable certain measures to be taken by the operators in order to avoid any incidence of voltage collapse. Literature survey [3-6] reveals the common techniques for voltage stability assessment are based on the load flow solution feasibility, optimal power flow, bifurcation technique, singularity of Jacobian etc. Different voltage stability indicators have also been established covering both static and dynamic aspects of the problem .
The power system equivalents, on the other hand, are of importance [8-10] for the study of static characteristics of a large system when either the computer facilities for direct solution or the available solution time is restricted. Also, the use of equivalent representation of the complex system is required frequently to simplify the lengthy calculations and analysis system stability easily on the equivalence. Subsequently, they became useful in loosely defined planning scenarios and energy management systems network analysis. This paper describes a unique method of equivalencing a multi-bus power network to an equivalent two-bus system developed from optimal power flow method and thereby voltage stable states of the entire system in terms of equivalent domain [11-13], following the load changes in ‘weak’ load buses investigated for a typical power system networks.
Optimal Power Flow
The main purpose of an OPF program is to determine the optimal operation
state of the power system by optimizing a particular objective while satisfying
certain specified physical and operational constraints. In this paper,
The cost function () of a N-bus power system having NG number of fossil fuel units is given by :
unit of cost/hr (1)
where αi, βi, γi are the cost coefficients of ith generator; , the real power generation at ith generator bus; NG, the total number of generators; , the cost of generation at ith generator; and , the total cost of generation in the system.
The aim of optimal power flow is to optimize the cost function subjected to active power, reactive power and security related constraints. The Lagrangian function for optimal power system is given by
where Pi and Qi are the active and reactive power injections at ith bus respectively; is the reactive power generation at ith bus; and are Lagrangian multipliers for active power and reactive power balance at the ith bus respectively. From (2) the changes in control variables are available as
or [H] [Change in control variables] = [J] where [H] and [J] are Hessian and Jacobian matrices, respectively.
Starting from initial data of an interconnected power system optimal power flow solution may be achieved by solving (3) using iterative process and thereby both power generations and voltages are calculated simultaneously considering the economics of operation with all system constraints taken into account. As the Hessian matrix, [H] becomes singular, there will be a large change in control parameters of the system and therefore the critical point of optimal power flow solution, beyond which there will be no possible generation, can be identified. This state represents the voltage stability limit of the system.
The total complex power loss of the entire multi-bus power network being the algebraic sum of the all line flows in the system, the power balance equation for multi-bus power system is given by
Equivalent Two-Bus Network and Formulation of GVSI
Development of Equivalent Two-Bus Network
Let us assume a two-bus equivalent network where sending end bus is assumed as a generator bus and receiving end as a load bus connected by a line impedance, representing the equivalent of the entire multi-bus network as shown in Fig.1.
Figure 1. Equivalent two-bus power network
The behaviour of the proposed two-bus equivalent network will be same as that of multi-bus network [15-16]. Therefore, the power balance equation for the two-bus equivalent network can be written as:
The complex power loss for this equivalent system is given by
where Pg, Qg are real and reactive power generations respectively; Sg, Sload are the total complex source and load powers respectively; SL is total complex power loss; and Zeq is equivalent impedance of the two-bus network.
The sending end voltage, Vs being assumed to be at nominal value of 1.0 p.u., the Zeq can be obtained. Then, the receiving end voltage Vr can easily be calculated as follows:
Thus the two-bus system developed above becomes the equivalent model of a multi-bus network at any particular network and load configuration.
Global Voltage Stability Analysis
Once the global two-bus power network equivalent to multi-bus power system is obtained then the global voltage stability indicator could be formulated in a straight forward manner from the parameters of global network as follows:
The voltage-current relation in terms of ABCD parameters for the series equivalent circuit of the transmission line, is given by
Assuming ; and the sending end voltage, Vs being constant (1Ð00 p.u.), the active and reactive power at receiving end are given by
The Jacobian matrix [15-17] of above power flow equation is given by
then, the determinant of jacobian matrix
At the critical point of voltage stability , ∆[J] = 0
where Vcr, dcr is the critical values of receiving end voltage and power angle respectively at voltage stability limit.
Also, the critical power angle, ;
Again taking Vr as reference phasor, the fundamental power equation may be represented as,
Taking the first derivative of (10) with respect to S (complex load bus power), simplification yields (at voltage stability limit),
Taking into account the profile of voltage against S (Figure 2) voltage stability limit is attained obviously when dVr/dS = 0; voltage stability is maintained till the slope of dVr/dS is negative, (i.e. when Vr<Vs/2). Therefore, to secure global voltage stability, global voltage stability indicator can be defined as GVSI = dVr/dS. It indicates how far the present operating condition is from global system voltage collapse i.e., the global voltage security status of the present operating condition. Therefore, with Vs=1 p.u, voltage stability of the two-bus network is maintained when
The necessary algorithm of the proposed methodology for equivalencing the multi-bus system to a two-bus system and computing voltage stable states is presented below:
1. Run the optimal power flow for base case and identify the weakest bus of the given multi-bus system and define power factor of load at weakest bus.
2. Increase the active load of the weakest bus in small step and modify reactive load keeping power factor constant.
3. Run the optimal power flow algorithm of the given multi-bus system. Go to step-8 if the OPF algorithm does not converge.
4. Calculate the total generation, load and transmission line loss of the system.
5. Find equivalent impedance (Zeq) for the equivalent two-bus model.
6. Calculate Vcr (i.e., voltage corresponds to voltage collapse point), Vglobal (i.e., receiving end voltage of the equivalent system) and global voltage stability indicator (dVr/dS).
7. Goto step-2.
Results and Discussion
The developed concept has been applied to a longitudinal 6-bus test system and a robust practical West Bengal State Electricity Board (WBSEB) 203-bus (Indian Eastern grid) system, the single line diagrams of which are given in appendix. The LPS system has 3 generators, 2 transformers and 6 load buses which are interconnected by 8 transmission lines. The WBSEB 203-bus power system has 24 generators, 35 three-winding line transformers, 37 two-winding load transformers, 35 tertiary-winding transformers and 108 load buses which are connected by 267 transmission lines. A computer software programme has been developed in the MATLAB environment to perform the simulations on the systems considered. The reactive power sensitivity analysis reveals that bus numbers 4, 5 and 6 in LPS system and 172, 173, 171 in the practical WBSEB grid system are the critical buses consecutively.
For both the systems, the complex loading at the weakest bus is increased in steps up to a point at which OPF method is diverged indicating total voltage collapse of the system keeping the power factor constant at 0.85 lag. Two-bus equivalents being first developed, the profiles of global parameters have been obtained for dynamic changes in system load demands at any particular load bus separately for bus numbers 4, 5, 6 in 6-bus system and 172, 173, 171 in case of the practical system. The results are encouraging to assess the global voltage stability of the system and are provided with the graphs given below.
The voltage profiles of the individual load buses have been plotted for 6-bus and practical 203-bus systems in Figs. 3 and 4 respectively for system operating load variations at respective load buses. Observation of individual load bus voltage decline profile in Fig. 3 reveals that the bus voltage approaches instability much earlier for increase in system loading in bus 4 than the bus voltage in bus 5 or 6 for 6-bus system. Degree of stability is thus the lowest for bus 4 followed by those of bus numbers 5 and 6. Similarly Fig. 4 reveals that the bus voltage approaches instability much earlier for increase in system loading in bus 172 than the bus voltage in bus 173 or 171 for WBSEB grid system.
Figure 3. Profiles of voltage of the load bus under simulation for LPS system
Figure 4. Profiles of voltage of the load bus under simulation for WBSEB grid system
Figure 5. Profile of VSI criterion applied for equivalent system for change in complex power demand in load buses for LPS system
Figure 6. Profile of VSI criterion applied for equivalent system for change in complex power demand in load buses for WBSEB grid system
Figures 5 and 6 exhibit the profiles of the computed |dVr/dS| (global voltage stability indicator) for the equivalent system for complex power demand variation at the load buses of the original multi-bus network indicating loss of voltage stability much earlier in case of weakest buses than that of consecutive weak buses of the LPS and WBSEB grid system respectively. These profiles help to assess the vulnerability of the respective power system towards global voltage collapse and at the point of global voltage collapse, the slope of the |dVr/dS| is negative.
Figure 7 and 8 exhibit the variation in global receiving end voltage (Vg) for the equivalent two-bus system of the multi-bus network for system load variation at respective weak load buses of the original six bus and 203-bus power networks respectively. The global receiving end voltage is gradually decreasing with the enhancement of load indicating the system is approaching towards local voltage collapse at equivalent receiving end. The voltage stable and unstable portions of the graph in Fig. 7 being the upper and lower portion of the profiles respectively, the nose point represents the point of critical voltage stability for each of the individual simulation cases. It may again be observed that the bus number 4 is the most vulnerable to voltage collapse followed by bus numbers 5 and 6 in the simulated six bus network. Similar observations have been revealed for simulations in practical system. The unstable portion is not shown for WBSEB grid system to make the stable portion clearly visible.
Figure 7. Profile of global voltage for change in complex power demand in load buses for LPS system
Figure 8. Profile of global voltage for change in complex power demand in load buses for WBSEB grid system
Figure 9 and 10 exhibit the variation in determinant of Hessian matrix for variation of load at respective weakest load buses for the two test systems respectively. With increase in system load, the determinant of Hessian matrix approaches zero indicating the system’s susceptibility towards voltage collapse which perfectly matches with profiles of global VSI (Figure 5 and 6) and thus relate the original system and the proposed equivalent two-bus model in a better way.
Figure 9. Profile of Determinant of Hessian matrix of the LPS system with increase in load at weakest bus
Figure 10. Profile of Determinant of Hessian matrix of the WBSEB grid system with increase in load at weakest bus
A unique network equivalencing technique to diagnose the weakest bus and assess the voltage stability in a multi-bus power system network utilizing the operational parameters obtained from optimal power flow considering economical criteria has been developed. The operating variables for the developed two-bus equivalent network being termed as global voltage, global critical voltage etc., the OPF simulation for determination of these parameters helps to diagnose the weakest part of the multi-bus power system and is thus extremely helpful in assessment of voltage stability. The investigation on a LPS system and on the robust WBSEB 203-bus (Indian Eastern grid) system reveals that the proposed technique is promising to detect the weakest load bus as well as the global voltage stable states of the entire network following any disturbance in the load structure of the network.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the authorities of the
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Single line diagrams for 6-bus and practical WBSEB grid systems are shown in figures below
Figure A1. Six bus test system
Figure A2. Typical Indian eastern grid (WBSEB 203-bus) system


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Dolby Atmos, DTS:X This device supports the newest Dolby Atmos and (after a free update) DTS:X surround-sound formats. And that’s just it: When combined with good speakers set up well in even a modest-sized room, the Pioneer Elite SC-79 can either sound really good, or it can sound awesome. It can either wow people out, or blow them away. Pioneer’s Virtu- al Height mode (Fig. 4) creates a height sound image without front height speakers, letting you enjoy enveloping virtual 7.1-channel sound from 5.1-channel speaker settings. 59 123 Lets you enjoy full surround sound without placing extra speakers. Auto Phase Control Plus 528 4231223 82857 202377 22. The Advanced MCACC uses a 3D calibration method with even more precise measurements by including the time axis. Finally, the SC-79 will also play back DSD streams delivered over HDMI, provided it is connected to a compatible player.


SSH is a tool for secure system administration, file transfers and other communication across the internet or other untrusted networks. SSH encrypts identities, passwords and transmitted data so that they cannot be eavesdropped and stolen - SSH.com.
SSH supports various authentication mechanisms for a secure connection between the client and server. There are two popular ways to authenticate: password based authentication and passwordless authentication.
After setting up and enabling SSH, you're prompted to enter the remote server's password. Access to the remote server is granted after entering the password. This can be disabled in favour or key based or passwordless authentication using the public keys.
Setup passwordless ssh login
Copy the existing public key to your server using ssh-copy-id. On the commandline, run → ssh-copy-id remote_username@server_ip_address. You will be prompted to enter the remote server's password. Once you're authenticated, the public key will be appended to the remote server's authorized_keys file.
You can close the connection and ssh into the remote server by typing → ssh remote_username@server_ip_address. You should be able to login immediately without being prompted for the password.


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Ca-Botics Fiber Systems deploys robot
DUBLIN, OH (September 25 2001) - Dublin City Manager Timothy C. Hansley and Că-Botics Fiber Systems CEO Jack J. Conie III, today announced that Că-Botics' STAR™, (Sewer Telecommunications Access by Robot), will be deployed for the first time in the United States in the City of Dublin's sewer system. Că-Botics will help build Dublin's high-speed Internet infrastructure for local businesses, residents and institutions.
"The City of Dublin greatly appreciates the opportunity to partner with Că-Botics and Lucent Technologies Optical Fiber Solutions to conduct this first installation of fiber in existing sewers using the STAR™ system in the United States," said City Manager Timothy Hansley. "This provides a unique opportunity to test this technology, a local example of the technology for others to see, and a critical link to our institutional network."
Că-Botics' current plans in Dublin will see the STAR™ robot install fiber from Dublin Scioto High School down Hard Road and Riverside Drive to Emerald Bridge where it will connect to the existing DubLink (a total of 1.5 miles). When completed, Dublin Scioto High School, a fire station and a police station adjacent to the fiber build will be the first in the United States to have access to some of the fastest data and Internet services available.
"The City of Dublin is taking the first and crucial step to provide the best last-mile solution by using our underground robots to help develop the United States' information superhighway," said Mr. Conie. "Că-Botics is the company of choice when it comes to metropolitan optical network builds. This technology will enable carriers and municipalities to quickly and effectively deploy fiber without large capital investments throughout congested city streets and with no destruction. This is simply the most advanced technology for underground deployment available. We call this just-in-time fiber."
During this low-impact network build, traffic disruptions from lane closures, construction waste, noise pollution and disruptions are non -existent. STAR™ runs cable through the existing underground sewers, permitting the placement of fiber cable up to eight to ten times faster and one third to two thirds cheaper than traditional excavation methods. The cable-laying robot, which is about 6 feet long and is equipped with five television cameras to monitor operations, is fed into the sewer system through manholes. It can operate in pipes ranging from 8 inches to 48 inches in diameter. STAR™ is capable of completing projects in days as opposed to traditional, open-trenching that would take weeks or even months.
"Dublin City Council's goals regarding fiber optics include: to rapidly deploy fiber optics, promote the availability of a wide range of telecommunication services, to enhance economic development, and to minimize disruption of the public rights of way for the public safety, health and welfare," said City Manager Timothy Hansley. "The STAR™ technology, used by Că-Botics will enable the City to achieve these goals aggressively and in an efficient manner by enhancing the City's investment in existing infrastructure."
This innovative and proactive initiative by the City of Dublin, Că-Botics and Lucent OFS will help in realizing a new way of planning and implementing advanced telecommunications networks.
About Că-Botics Fiber Systems
For more information on Că-Botics:


Merseyside councils have joined together in a superfast broadband project in a bid to give locals quicker internet connection speeds.
A multimillion pound partnership between Mersey local authorities and BT will lead to 98% of the county having access superfast fibre broadband in the next three years.
A body of five councils led by Liverpool have called the project ‘Merseyside Connected’. It will add to BT’s ongoing commercial development across the region, which aims to provide a high speed network to an additional 43,000 premises in the area.
Jenny Stewart, chief operating officer of Liverpool Chamber of Commerce, said: “Our ambition is to see households and businesses right across Merseyside having access to high-speed connectivity. More and more people and enterprises want fibre broadband to help them go about their online activities even faster and better.”
The announcement will take the total number of sites in the North West with access to superfast broadband to more than 2.4 million.
The ‘Merseyside Connected’ project also plans to focus on getting small businesses connected, and in turn helping to boost the local authority.
A spokesman for BT said: “The benefits are also considerable for businesses, which can do much more in far less time. Firms can speed up file and data transfers, and it means staff can work as effectively from home as they would in the office.”
The three-year project will start with a planning period and by July 2016 it is thought that 634,000 homes and businesses will have access.This is part of a bigger scheme by BT to work with the public sector more and reach other areas, such as Cheshire, Cumbria and Lancashire.


SchoolMessenger is a rapid notification system used to contact families in Gwinnett County Public Schools (GCPS) via email messages. The district uses the system to communicate information related to districtwide events, including safety alerts, key school dates, and school closings due to inclement weather. Schools also may use the system to communicate information related to school events.
How do I access SchoolMessenger?
Access is free and easy! GCPS parents and guardians can access SchoolMessenger through their Parent Portal account. The link is found in the list of “Additional Resources.” A parent also can use the app or visit the SchoolMessenger website at go.schoolmessenger.com. Create an account by clicking Sign Up at the top right.
IMPORTANT: You must use the email address you provided to your child’s school.
What can I do in the SchoolMessenger App?
The SchoolMessenger app allows you to review recent messages sent by the district or your student’s school, manage your contact preferences, and set your mobile devices to display when new communications arrive. Use any Internet-enabled device to download the SchoolMessenger app, available in the Apple App Store or Google Play Store.