The basic geometry of a Yagi-Uda antenna is shown below in Figure 1. Geometry of Yagi-Uda antenna. The Yagi antenna consists of a single 'feed' or 'driven' element, typically a dipole or a folded dipole antenna. This is the only member of the above structure that is actually excited a source voltage or current applied.
History of radio Rough plot of Earth's atmospheric transmittance or opacity to various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiationincluding radio waves. Radio waves were first predicted by mathematical work done in by Scottish mathematical physicist James Clerk Maxwell. His mathematical theory, now called Maxwell's equationsdescribed light waves and radio waves as waves of electromagnetism that travel in space, radiated by a charged particle as it undergoes acceleration.
InHeinrich Hertz demonstrated the reality of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves by experimentally generating radio waves in his laboratory,  showing that they exhibited the same wave properties as light: Radio waves, originally called "Hertzian waves",  were first used for communication in the mid s by Guglielmo Marconiwho developed the first practical radio transmitters and receivers.
The modern term "radio wave" replaced the original name "Hertzian wave" around Speed, wavelength, and frequency[ edit ] Animated diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna receiving a radio wave. The antenna consists of two metal rods connected to a receiver R.
Since the length of the antenna is one half the wavelength of the wave, the oscillating field induces standing waves of voltage V, represented by red band and current in the rods.
The oscillating currents black arrows flow down the transmission line and through the receiver represented by the resistance R. Radio waves in vacuum travel at the speed of light. Air is thin enough that in the Earth's atmosphere radio waves travel very close to the speed of light.
A 1 megahertz radio signal has a wavelength of Radio propagation The study of radio propagationhow radio waves move in free space and over the surface of the Earth, is vitally important in the design of practical radio systems. Radio waves passing through different environments experience reflectionrefractionpolarizationdiffractionand absorption.
Different frequencies experience different combinations of these phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere, making certain radio bands more useful for specific purposes than others. Practical radio systems mainly use three different techniques of radio propagation to communicate: This refers to radio waves that travel in a straight line from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna.
It does not necessarily require a cleared sight path; at lower frequencies radio waves can pass through buildings, foliage and other obstructions.
This is the method used by cell phonesFM and television broadcasting and radar. By using dish antennas to transmit beams of microwaves, point-to-point microwave relay links transmit telephone and television signals over long distances up to the visual horizon.
Ground stations can communicate with satellites and spacecraft billions of miles from Earth. Radio waves can reach points beyond the line-of-sight by diffraction and reflection.
|Medium Wave Circle - Antenna advice||The loop is erected horizontal to the earth The feed arrangement for operating the loop as a vertical antenna Full Wave Loop Antenna by WH2T I have personally used a meter band Horizontal Full Wave Loop antenna with very good success. I worked all 50 states and several countries with Watts using the antenna on the meter band.|
|2 Meter Amateur Radio J-Pole Antenna||Included is my experience-driven rationale for what is in this kit and what is not, and why. I have used the types of parts and techniques in this kit for decades and it supports almost any kind of field radio installation from HF through 6 and 2 meters.|
|Portable Field Antenna Kit | N6CC||As with normal axial loop minima, mixer generated nulls may simultaneously be aimed in two different directions, again with symmetry about loop plane, however, if one null is optimally sharpened then the other automatically becomes shallow and poorly defined.|
|Shortwave Radio||Did you know we improved on Marconi with our patented fractal metamaterials?|
|Antenna And Wave Propagation - heartoftexashop.com heartoftexashop.com heartoftexashop.com - Google Books||In this chapter, let us go through different interesting topics such as the properties of radio waves, the propagation of radio waves and their types. Radio Waves Radio waves are easy to generate and are widely used for both indoor and outdoor communications because of their ability to pass through buildings and travel long distances.|
Radio waves also reflect from surfaces such as walls, floors, ceilings, vehicles and the ground. These propagation methods occur in short range radio communication systems such as cell phonescordless phoneswalkie-talkiesand wireless networks.
A drawback of this mode is multipath propagationin which radio waves travel from the transmitting to the receiving antenna via multiple paths. The waves interfereoften causing fading and other reception problems.
This allows mediumwave and longwave broadcasting stations to have coverage areas beyond the horizon, out to hundreds of miles. As the frequency drops, the losses decrease and the achievable range increases.
Military very low frequency VLF and extremely low frequency ELF communication systems can communicate over most of the Earth, and with submarines hundreds of feet underwater.
At medium wave and shortwave wavelengths, radio waves reflect off conductive layers of charged particles ions in a part of the atmosphere called the ionosphere.
So radio waves directed at an angle into the sky can return to Earth beyond the horizon; this is called "skip" or "skywave" propagation.Integrated Publishing, Inc.
Google +. Wave propagation is any of the ways in which waves travel.. With respect to the direction of the oscillation relative to the propagation direction, we can distinguish between longitudinal wave and transverse waves.. For electromagnetic waves, propagation may occur in a vacuum as well as in a material medium.
Other wave types cannot propagate through a vacuum and need a transmission . Fractal Antenna Systems custom designs, manufactures and licenses the world's most compact and powerful antennas for commercial and military applications.
TO SEARCH THE PAGE USE YOUR BROWSER FIND COMMAND OR USE CNTRL F BOOKS FOR SHORT WAVE LISTENERS Buy Your Books Thru The AC6V Book Store. Passport to World Band Radio - World’s #1 Selling Shortwave Guide. RADIOS FOR SHORT WAVE LISTENERS.
The ARRL Antenna Book is a practical introduction to antenna design. For a book this thick, it's strange to call it an introduction, but it is as it covers everything from safety, through antenna performance, to antenna design and modeling.
Your first antenna – the half-wave dipole. Many hams’ first choice of antenna is a half-wave dipole. But don’t be misled – just because they are easy to make doesn’t mean they don’t work well.


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We are Wireless Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks Laboratory (WASN Lab) at National Central University, directed by Professor Min-Te Sun. Our main research directions are the investigations of novel wireless applications. Specifically, our research areas include distributed algorithm design to support efficient data communications and processing under different types of wireless networks. For those interested in joining our lab, please refer to our publications and ongoing projects for more detail and contact Professor Min-Te Sun.
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The Harman Kardon® engineering team, which developed the world’s first stereo receiver, now introduces the first line of Harman Kardon headphones. The in-ear, on-ear and over-ear headphones achieve a harmonic blend of sophistication and simplicity. From high-quality materials to exceptional acoustic performance, the new headphones reflect the Harman Kardon commitment to innovative industrial design and uncompromising sound quality. A triumph of craftsmanship and audio engineering, Harman Kardon headphones are designed for those with an eye for style and an ear for sound. Drawing from a rich heritage of acoustic innovation, Harman Kardon NC headphones feature an exclusive acoustic system that integrates superb mechanical design, materials and electronics. User-exchangeable bows, self-adjusting housings, soft leather cups and slow-retention ear-cup foam ensure a comfortable fit and an optimal acoustic seal on the ear. The NC model employs the proprietary HARMAN closed-loop, active digital noise-cancelling technology developed for acoustic installations in luxury cars. The USB-rechargeable NC headphones have a battery that lasts up to 40 hours. Even when the battery dies, the headphones will still work when connected by the supplied bypass cable to a playback device. No other noise-cancelling headphones offer this passive playback mode.
Harman Kardon NC headphones offer high-tech performance wrapped in an elegant package and interface. With its blend of sandblasted steel and black matte housings, the NCs’ design and function complement Apple products while reinforcing the sophisticated elegance of the Harman Kardon brand.
NC headphones adapt the proprietary closed-loop, active digital noise cancellation technology developed by HARMAN for luxury automobile sound installations. This technology analyzes and optimizes the audio signal before it reaches the listener’s ears. NC headphones incorporate a microphone inside the ear cup to provide the most accurate noise cancellation. The active digital noise cancellation combines with the NCs’ superior passive noise-cancelling features to create the best possible listening experience.
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To facilitate the optimal positioning of the ear cup on the head – and improve acoustic performance – NC headphones come with headband bows in two different sizes: small and large. You can easily swap the bows to determine which size maximizes comfort and fit.
The rugged steel hinges connecting the NC’s housings to its headband enable the housings to swivel in two dimensions. This structure maintains an ideal fit and acoustic seal on the ear, enhancing comfort and maximizing the rejection of outside noise for superior sound.
The pads on the NC headphones feature a soft, protein leather that rests comfortably on the ear for a luxurious feel. If necessary, you can remove the pads to clean or replace them. When attached to the housings, the pads are secured with industrial-strength magnets and PORON® foam.
Another factor contributing to the NC headphones’ excellent passive noise reduction and extended bass response is the slow-retention foam in the ear pads. The premium foam helps maintain an acoustic seal on the ear, which keeps outside noises out, enhances bass response and keeps your music from disturbing others


Part – A
- Write short notes on Antennas.
- Define Tunneling.
- What is the purpose of multiplexing? Discuss.
- List the key services for mobile internet.
- What is the purpose of WAP?
- Describe the WML document model.
- List various user interfaces.
- Give an example of WML script.
- What is MMS?
- Give an example for push messaging.
Part – B
- Explain various applications of mobile communication.
- Discuss about CDMA.
- Write notes on Bluetooth.
- Explain about the following in mobile IP:
- IP packet delivery
- Agent advertisement and discovery
- Reverse tunneling
- Discuss about indirect TCP, snooping TCP and mobile TCP.
- Describe the WAP architecture in detail with its components.
- Discuss the events, task and binding. controls and application security in WML.
- Discuss in detail about wireless binary extensible markup language with examples.
- Explain about user interface design with design guidelines.
- Explain the wireless telephony applications in detail.
- Discuss about building and deploying End-to-End WAP services.
Attention : This exam questions are converted from
the real exam paper to a digital text format by using an
that may made some mistakes, I reviewed it many times to correct it,
But may still there some errors that I missed or misspelled, So if you
detect an error or mistake PLEASE report by adding a comment or


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Having an automatic satellite dish for a caravan is a great way to enjoy satellite TV while you’re on the road. These dishes can be controlled with a remote control and will automatically lock onto the satellite signal for watching TV while driving. Some of these dishes will also lower themselves when you’re in motion, making them perfect for vans with a large boot space. To operate this dish, you’ll need a 12v power supply and some co-ax cables.
Another good option is a tripod-mounted satellite dish. These devices don’t require a roof space and are very convenient to use. The dish can be mounted outside of the caravan and will search for satellite signals automatically. You won’t have to worry about manually adjusting the dish and you’ll have uninterrupted satellite TV wherever you’re travelling. A good automatic satellite dish for a caravan should be able to find the satellite that works best for you in terms of signal strength.
Depending on where you live, you may need a larger dish to receive signals from other countries. If you’re camping in Europe, you’ll need a larger dish. You’ll need a large enough dish to watch English TV. Once installed, you’ll need to manually adjust the dish. This will require some manual adjustment. If you’re camping in the bush, you may want to consider installing solar panels for your satellite dish.
The best satellite dish for your caravan will be able to detect the signals and locate them. There are two main types of satellite dish: the crank-up dish and the automatic satellite dish. The former is cheaper but requires you to manually adjust the satellite dish when travelling. An automatic satellite dish for a caravan can also work with solar panels to get the signal. However, it’s important to note that the latter is more expensive, but it has the highest chance of receiving satellite signals.
Automatic satellite dishes for caravans can be found for sale in many places online. These devices can be installed on the roof of the caravan. There are also models that mount on the top of the van. The SelfSat Snife Version 2 is a fully automatic satellite dish for caravans that can be installed on a motorhome’s roof. Unlike crank-up dishes, these dishes do not need any adjustments from the user.
An automatic satellite dish for caravans will provide you with the best possible reception. These dishes can automatically find a strong signal and lock on to it. A fully automatic dish will automatically track and find the strongest signal and lock on to it. This makes it easy to watch TV on the road. If you are travelling, an automatic satellite dish will help you keep up with the channel and satellite signals. The more channels you receive, the more options you have for the service.
With Intellisat automatic satellite systems, you are guaranteed high-quality and long lasting automatic satellite dish for caravans from the top manufacturer. Get in touch with us for a free quote.


HAM radios often require reasonably large power supplies to spit out the large wattage signals required. Remember, a cellular phone only has to talk to the nearest cell tower, which are legion in most areas, so your phone won’t spit out more than 1-2 watts (dependent on the SAR in your territory).
Your HAM radio idea means talking to anything other than the relatively small number of operators near you — and you can guarantee that compared to the cell tower population, that number of operators will be frighteningly small — means you’ll have to up the wattage. This can be as much as 1.5kW output for operators with big PSUs and large antennas (oh, don’t forget the antenna, which could have to be a couple of building stories tall to work). And I wouldn’t want a 1.5kW antenna anywhere near my head.


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With our TeleShield product, companies can ‘shield’ themselves from incurring losses from telephony fraud schemes globally. We have global regulator and operator portability data as the foundation of the TeleShield service.
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Consider these pertinent facts:
- Update-Ready GPS devices consistently tell us where we are, and where we need to go
- WIFI Network bandwidth is in massive supply thanks to the recent influx of bands due to the broadcast television turnover to digital
- Cars come with the following technology today:
- onboard computers
- radar (that fun little beep when you back up)
- video cameras
Changes To Cars
The main changes to the car, outside of the computer brain needed to interpret the incoming data and to do the actual driving (which isn't that far fetched if one takes a look at how well airplane auto-pilots perform these days) would include additional radar devices, RFID readers (4 distinct ones) and a wireless network adapter.
The Radar devices are there to tell the car if something is in front of it, or behind it and how close. Quite simple; after all, no matter how many vehicles you get onto the network, a tree falling across the road can still kill someone if their car hits it at 55MPH.
Now, the RFID chips, these would need to be positioned at the four corners of the car, that way the computer can tell the direction the car is traveling in, and basically ensure that it remains within the lane. We want all four corners to have them so that the car will know when it has completed moves such as merging into a new lane, or turning a corner. More about the RFID chips later though.
The final addition to the cars would be a wireless network adapter. Basically, this would be used to allow the car to talk to all the other nearby cars on the road. If the car intends to move over a lane, it sends out the signal across the network, and pings the other vehicles on their precise location so that it knows whether it needs to speed up or slow down, or just to go ahead and merge into the next lane.
Changes to the Road
The primary change to the roadbed is that ever one of those little reflectors would need to be a RFID chip with the exact lat/long coordinates embedded within it. Basically, it would be a little chip that constantly screamed "Here I am!"
Another change, that would not be needed, but would be useful, would be to have network cabling running down the entire branch of the road. Then you could routine put up a wireless repeater, which would allow the vehicles to ping the internet as they drove. This would be useful for such things as real-time weather updates for the next X miles of road, or to allow the driver to send a command to their online stove to start cooking, or even send an email or an SMS message to the driver's spouse or kids or parents when the car gets X miles from the house.
As in anything, there are drawbacks. The little things like people will still do stupid things in their cars, and older vehicles that have not been upgarded would not be a part of the vehicle's network mesh (though every smart-car would be able to locate and broadcast the location of the dumb-car via it's radar systems).
Beyond that, the issues I have with this design are privacy. First and foremost, is that it's a small change in those RFID chips to go from Broadcast to Receive/Broadcast. Imagine, every day, a thousand cars fly past those little devices. Now, if each car is network aware, then that means each car has a MAC address. A MAC address that would probably be tied into the VIN number and license plates of the vehicle. Now, if that chip is reading that MAC address as the cars go by, then someone with a reader can come by and snatch up all of the traffic metrics for a road. While such data can be useful (for example, accurate counts of high-traffic areas, and points of time which drivers experience excessive congestion) it can also be put to nefarious uses (tracking where people go).
The next issue is the fact that each of these cars is a small, mobile network, attached to a greater, wide-area network which is the entire set of cars in a given area. What's stopping the government from monitoring everything you do in your vehicle, from a remote point.
I know, and hope, that this was nothing more than an exercise in intelligent design and capabilities, but I actually do kind of fear this system getting installed and put into use. After all, as I said, we have the technology as is to do everything I listed in this article.


FibreMDU Optical Output LNB
The NEW FibreMDU Optical Output LNB radically changes how satellite IF signals are dealt with. The innovative new design stacks both the horizontal and vertical polarities then modulates this extented frequency, optically, using a Laser within the LNB.
Available in both 40mm Horn and C120 flange versions.
FibreMDU Virtual Quad Optical Converter
The Virtual Quad converts optical signals from a GI FibreMDU Optical LNB to IF, providing 4 universal satellite feeds from one optical connection.
FibreMDU Virtual Quatro Optical Converter
The Virtual Quatro converts optical signals from a GI FibreMDU Optical LNB to IF, providing 4 fixed satellite feeds from one optical connection.
FibreIRS ODU32 kit
The NEW FibreIRS ODU32 Kit includes all the FibreIRS equipment required, at the antenna location, to receive and transmit the digital IRS signals to 64 points.
FibreIRS Wholeband LNB
Using patented technology the NEW FibreIRS Wholeband LNB stacks horizontal and vertical polarities into a single IF frequency range of 950MHz – 5450MHz, ready to be used be the ODU32.
FibreIRS GTU Quatro
The NEW Quatro FibreIRS gateway termination unit (GTU) is designed to feed a multiswitch system by replicating a quattro LNB. Fed from a fibre passive optical network (PON) this GTU combines a DTT & DAB output with 4 fixed satellite outputs (H&V high and H&V low) all coax.
FibreIRS GTU Quad
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Compact Fibre Splitters
The Global Invacom Fibre Splitters are designed to equally divide the optical signal generated by the FibreMDU and FibreIRS systems.
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The NEW Global Invacom Fibre SplitterPRO is specifically designed for the Satellite and Aerial industry. Manufactured without tails it allows the installer to connect directly rather than via a barrel connector.
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Global Invacom provide a number of fibre connectors and attenuators that assist with the installation of a fibre system. There are Barrel Connectors and Adapters designed to aid a trouble free install and attenuators of varying values used when the optical signals are too strong (type, male to female).
The NEW FibreSCOPE is designed to assist with a trouble free Fibre installation. A high powered lens and white LED, for cable illumination, allows the user to identify scratches and contamination quickly and easily avoiding costly time wasting.
When installing a fibre system it is imperative that the end-face of every fibre cable is spotless. The NEW FibreCLEANING Kit comprises of Wipes, a cleaning fluid pen and a pot of swabs which provide the complete cleaning solution.
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Cable industries Ltd. is one of the best cable and wire manufacturers in
the country. It was established in 2001 and recognized by the Ministry
of Commerce and Industries Department of the Government of Bangladesh.
For two years, it has been one of the leading manufacturers of quality
wires and cables. It manufactures various types of domestic, power,
control, Telecommunication and submersible cables according to standard
Through design and quality control we continually improve our exiting
technology and cable while creating new solution to ever increasing
demands. From design and quality control our job is to provide with
trouble free cable for maximum performance. the factory is well-equipped
with modern machines to manufacture quality cables according to
recognized institutions, i.e., Bangladesh Standard (BDS), British
Standards (BS), German Standard (VDE), IEC and other international
Standards. Cables are also made according to customers special
requirement. The licence has been awarded by Bangladesh Standard
Institution to use the standard mark.
Easin Cable are dedicated to satisfying our customers' needs. We do this
by continuously improving our processes and by providing the highest
quality products, on time, at a fair price. We are structured to meet
your needs not only with an engineering job-shop, for your large quality
quick response shipments.
We are manufacturing H.T cable up to 11 KV with customer satisfaction.


Professional 25A smart battery charger with SUPPLY mode for showrooms
PORTABLE BATTERY CHARGER AND MAINTAINER WITH ADAPTIVE BOOST TECHNOLOGY
Smartpass 120S charges and supplies the service battery and equipment with 120A, separates critical equipment from non-critical equipment ensuring that radio, emergency lights and navigation systems always have power.
20A ON-BOARD BATTERY CHARGER 12V for LEAD-ACID and LITHIUM-ION BATTERY
Professional 60A lead-acid and lithium charger with Supply mode for service center
Best selling 5A smart battery charger for cars and motorcycles
Best selling smart battery charger for motorcycles


libnetfilter_cttimeout is the userspace library that provides a programming interface (API) to the in-kernel cttimeout infrastructure. This infrastructure allows you to define fine-grain connection tracking timeout policies that can be attached to traffic flows via iptables CT target. Before the existence of this infrastructure, you could only set global timeout policies per protocol. This library is currently used by the nfct utility that is part of the conntrack-tools.
libnetfilter_cttimeout homepage is: http://netfilter.org/projects/libnetfilter_cttimeout/
libnetfilter_cttimeout requires libmnl and a kernel that includes the nfnetlink_cttimeout subsystem (i.e. 3.4.0 or later).
The current development version of libnetfilter_cttimeout can be accessed at https://git.netfilter.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=libnetfilter_cttimeout.git
You need the CAP_NET_ADMIN capability in order to allow your application to receive events from and to send commands to kernel-space, excepting the timeout policy table dumping operation.
libnetfilter_conntrack has been written by Pablo Neira Ayuso.


Despite its relative low-tech nature, the telephone remains a useful communications tool. It can be
an effective way to communicate to staff who do not have access to email or when employees are not
at work. Most phone systems allow users to access voicemail remotely, meaning it can be accessed
from any phone. In addition, some phone systems have the feature to broadcast a phone message to
all employees. For example, if the office is closed due to inclement weather, employees can check
for closure on their voicemail prior to coming to work.
Personal voicemail greetings should note when a staff member is on vacation or out of the office
for any length of time. The message should include alternate contact information. Communications
should ensure that an alternate contact for media is also included in a telephone message.


Richard Yu, CEO of Huawei’s Business Group, unveiled the new Huawei operating system, called Harmony OS. Yu said that it intends to continue to use Android moving forward for its smartphones but if not, Huawei is capable of rolling out its new OS within two days.
What is Harmony OS?
Harmony OS is not a mobile phone system to replace Android but rather is designed to work on devices from tablets to phones, smartwatches to cars and much else besides. And one other key thing: it’s open-source. It means that Harmony can be adopted by third-party manufacturers who want to ensure their Internet of Things devices can talk to others.
Harmony OS is microkernel-based and more of a competitor to Google’s upcoming Fuchsia. Yu said that Android isn’t as efficient due to its redundant codes, outdated scheduling mechanism, and general fragmentation issues. With a microkernel design, Harmony OS should be safer from the get-go as there is no root access available; the microkernel is protected by isolation from external kernel services.
In addition to being a lightweight system, Huawei says Harmony OS will offer some performance boosts. For one, it’ll feature a “Deterministic Latency Engine” that can better allocate system resources using real-time analysis and forecasting. Android, on the other hand, is stuck with the Linux kernel’s less-intelligent fair scheduling mechanism. HarmonyOS also allows for very fast “Inter Process Communication” — the link between its microkernel and external kernel services like file systems, networks, drivers, apps and more. Huawei claims that Harmony OS’s IPC performance is five times that of Google’s Fuchsia.
Yu said some features of Harmony have already been used in its premium smartphone models and other devices.
When asked whether Harmony can be used in its smartphones, Yu said, “Of course, it can be used in smartphones. But Android is still Huawei’s preferred choice for handsets, given the status-quo ecosystem. However, when Android is not available, Harmony can be applied to smartphones immediately.”


Best practices for updating server certificates and maintaining the client-server connection
You may need to update the security certificate in the following situations:
- You restore a previous security certificate that the clients already use.
- You want to use a different security certificate than the default certificate (.JKS).
When clients use secure communication with the server, the server certificate is exchanged between the server and the clients. This exchange establishes a trust relationship between the server and clients. When the certificate changes on the server, the trust relationship is broken and clients no longer can communicate. This problem is called orphaning clients.
Use this process to update either one management server or multiple management servers at the same time.
The following table lists the steps to update the certificate without orphaning the clients that the server manages.
Step 1: Break the replication relationship*
If the management server you want to update replicates with other management servers, break the replication relationship. See:
Step 2: Disable server certificate verification
Disable secure communications between the server and the clients. When you disable the verification, the clients stay connected while the server updates the server certificate. See:
Step 3: Wait for all clients to receive the updated policy
The process of deploying the updated policy may take a week or longer, depending on the following factors:
For more information, see:
Step 4: Update the server certificate
Update the server certificate. If you also plan to upgrade the management server, upgrade the certificate first. See:
You must restart the following services to use the new certificate:
Step 5: Enable server certificate verification again
Enable secure communications between the server and the clients again. See:
Step 6: Wait for all clients to receive the updated policy
The client computers must receive the policy changes from the previous step.
Step 7: Restore the replication relationship*
If the management server you updated replicates with other management servers, restore the replication relationship. See:
* You only need to perform these steps if you use replication in your
Symantec Endpoint Protection Managerenvironment.


Crouch, Indiana Broadband Office Designate Union County a Broadband Ready Community
Today, Lt. Gov. Suzanne Crouch and the Indiana Broadband Office announced that Union County is now designated as an official Broadband Ready Community. The Broadband Ready Communities Program was created as a tool to encourage broadband development throughout Indiana.
The Broadband Ready Community certification sends a signal to the telecommunication industry that a community has taken steps to reduce barriers to broadband infrastructure investment.
“Our administration continues to advocate on behalf of communities to have reliable, highspeed and affordable connectivity for underserved and unserved Hoosiers,” Crouch said. “Leaders in Union County have already taken steps to expand internet opportunities to residents by installing hotspots at the courthouse around downtown Liberty. We are energized by the many cities, counties and towns throughout the state collaborating on behalf of their citizens. Congratulations to Union County as it joins the list of certified Broadband Ready Communities! We applaud your continued efforts to encourage broadband investments to the area.”
The certification was approved by the Indiana Broadband Office following the Union County Commissioners adoption of a Broadband Ready Community ordinance.
“The Union County Commissioners are pleased to announce that we are a Certified Broadband Ready Community. A 21st century economy demands that this aspect of infrastructure be firmly in place in order to promote development and to aid quality of place. In short, it says that Union County is open for business, and prepares us to compete on a level playing field. Once Charter Communications completes their work, Union County will have 90% broadband coverage. That in conjunction with our low crime rate, highly rank school system and low county taxes makes Union County a very attractive community to call home,” stated Tim Williams, President of the Union County Board of Commissioners.
Earnie Holtrey, Project Manager at the Indiana Broadband Office, explained how 2022 has been an exciting year for Broadband Ready Communities.
“It’s always an exciting day for our offices and the entire state when communities take the steps forward to become Broadband Ready,” Holtrey said. “Today is one of those days as we congratulate Union County’s designation. Your work is recognized.”
Via 2020 legislation, the Broadband Ready Community Program was transitioned from the Indiana Economic Development Corporation (IEDC) to the Office of Community and Rural Affairs (OCRA). IBO began the day-to-day management of the Broadband Ready Community Program on July 1, 2020. For more information, visit in.gov/indianabroadband.
Under the leadership of Lieutenant Governor Suzanne Crouch, who also serves as the Secretary of Rural Development, the Indiana Broadband Office (IBO) mission is to assist residents in need of affordable and reliable broadband connectivity. This mission of reaching Hoosiers where they live, work and play is accomplished by communicating with stakeholders, providing resources to a diverse audience, and leveraging established relationships with elected officials, associations, and providers.
For more information, visit in.gov/broadband.


What is going on? We have been receiving daily two to three phone calls a day from out of state numbers with no message. Even if you pick up the phone no one answers. The topper is when you go to return the call, the message reads back is the phone number is disconnected. How can you get a phone call from a phone disconnected? Very annoying. Any idea's out there. I did put our number on the no call list which seems not to work to well. Thank you.


Thermal Analysis of Integrated Circuit Cable Assembly
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a new compact data processing cable for a world leader in the design and manufacture of complete, turnkey integrated circuit cable assemblies for OEMs of ultrasound, surgical, and high speed data operations.
Conjugate convective-conductive thermal-fluids analysis was performed on a high-power integrated circuit board enclosed within a plastic case. Various cooling scenarios were investigated (forced cooling via a small embedded fan and natural convection). Our goal was to collaboratively work with the clients' designers to obtain a thermal solution that would provide chip junction temperatures within an acceptable range. Leveraging our CFD consulting expertise, several different approaches were advocated but due to design constraints the final solution involved the regulating the power flow to avoid peak temperatures.
Modeling notes: Based on these CFD analyses, the circuit board chip density and power density (watt loading per chip) was optimized for long term thermal reliability. One of the challenges of this work was to assure convergence of the CFD model due to localized high power density in small chips and the simulation of natural convection within a large volume.
Summary: The cable assembly has gone into production and is meeting its thermal objectives.
The outer housing is plastic with strategically located slots to induce convective cooling on the internal printed circuit boards. This simulation looks at the structure’s ability to shed head via forced convection by an internal fan (not shown). A fan flow rate of 5 CFM was given as an initial starting point. The challenge on this project was the high-powered chips located in isolated regions of the PCB.
Initial results showed high temperatures on the housing which exceeded the client’s specification for human handling. Furthermore, chip junction temperatures far exceeded the ASIC manufacture’s chart specifications. The CFD results are used to calculate chip body temperatures and then a separate spreadsheet based program is used to calculate the chip junction temperatures.
After several rounds of thermal optimization, the electrical engineers were convinced that we had to move a few of the high-power chips and then with some artful sculpting of the plastic housing, the thermal specification could be met. The device was fabricated for prototyping and found to be in close agreement with the CFD results. A follow-up call was made to the client after a year and the cable assembly has performed well and the chip junction temperatures were found to be a bit lower than our CFD / spreadsheet numbers.


The IBM Storwize V7000 SFF Control Enclosure Model 624, announced 23 August 2016, features two node canisters and up to 256 GB cache (system total) in a 2U, 19-inch rack mount enclosure. 1 Gb iSCSI connectivity is standard, with options for 16 Gb FC and 10 Gb iSCSI/FCoE connectivity. It holds up to twenty-four 2.5-inch SAS drives and supports the attachment of up to 20 Storwize V7000 expansion enclosures.
IBM Storwize V7000 Gen 2+ is an updated Storwize V7000 Gen 2 with a newer CPU, doubled cache memory and faster FC options, integrated compression acceleration, and additional scalability with the following features:
- Two node canisters, each with an ten-core Broadwell (microarchitecture)processor and integrated hardware-assisted compression acceleration
- 128 GB cache (per I/O group) standard, with optional 256 GB cache per I/O group (node pair) for Real-time Compression workloads
- 16 Gb Fibre Channel (FC), 10 Gb iSCSI / Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), and 1 Gb iSCSI connectivity options
- First supported on the Storwize V7000 7.7.1 software.


Welcome to WAN-sim.net ! This is THE online spot to learn more about Wide Area Network and WAN simulators. This type of simulators render the real experience of a Wide Area Network, but over a Local Area Network environment. This is useful during an application development and testing stage, because applications can be tested and then develop in an emulated environment that is just as the one where they will be operating.
As you might know Local Area Network and Wide Area Network were the original area networks. Later on, others such as WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), PAN (Personal Area Network) and DAN (Desk area Network), began to appear. LAN connects devices in a network over relatively short distances, it operates in a confine or limited environment, and typically are own by a person or organization. WAN on the other hand, operates over large distances and are not own by a single organization. The largest WAN in the world is the Internet. What we know as Internet is no more that a complex and geographically dispersed series of LANs and WANs. So, as we can see, WAN is a computer network type of technology that is use to transmit different kinds of data over long physical distances.
Developers create and develop their applications on a LAN but most of the time this applications are intended to be access by client over a WAN. This is where a simulator comes into the game. Imitating issues like packet loss, packet corruption, disconnections, jitter and network delay, a WAN simulator provides development teams with the necessary toolkit to test and improve their network applications in a LAN environment. This one of the reasons why WAN Simulators are so useful, because you can conduct LAN-to-WAN transition experiments with real-like results, without have to take the real risk.
At WAN-sim.net we will let you know what to look for in a WAN simulator, as well as detail information regarding this type of network area. Just remember than when developing or testing a application you want to look for an simulator that faces your application with as much "real life" problems as it would in the simulated environment, the future and success depends on it.
© 2004-2011 wan-sim.net All Rights Reserved.


I know you have just bought a brand new “Samsung Galaxy Note 7” and are too infatuated with your smartphone to think of anything else – at least for now. After all, your romance with the most gorgeous phablet has just begun. Sorry for the interruption, would you mind buying an ultra-modern micro USB cable for your Galaxy Note 7?
Capable of not just helping your Note 7 charge with unmatched speed but also transfer data quickly, these charging cables are simply the best in the business. And, you would really like giving them a try as they deserve every bit of applause for being super handy. Let’s explore em’all!
Best Samsung Galaxy Note 7 Charging Cables
Hunting for a micro USB cable that can offer fast charging? IMKEY charging cable can be an ideal option for you.
Made of premium zinc-alloy materials, this charging cable is highly durable. It features spring design which allows easier storage. The 5 feet charging cable provides up to 30% faster charging than ordinary cables. It is compatible with most Android devices including the Galaxy Note 7.
Price: $29.95 [$8.95 on Amazon at the time of writing this] Buy it from Amazon
What about buying a reliable charging cable from Samsung at a low price? Samsung charging cable (2 Pack) for Galaxy Note 7 has been designed to charge or sync data rapidly.
It is of 5 feet. With this very long-lasting charging cable, you can juice up your phone with any adapter.
Buy it from Amazon
What makes Rampow charging cable (2 Pack, 3.3 feet) standout is the universal compatibility. It comes with stainless steel connector heads which slot in comfortably and don’t get loose with repeated use.
The nylon fabric braided jacket is pretty smooth, flexible and tangle-free. This durable charging cable offers maximum charging speed up to 2.4A. Moreover, it is equipped to transfer data up to 480 Mbps speed through wide diameter 28/21 AWG data and power wires.
Buy it from Amazon
Boasting of fast charging speed, MobiTronics micro USB cable has the top-notch quality. It offers 480 Mbps data transfer speed.
The charging cable features LED light which indicates the battery status by glowing red when charging and blue when the battery gets completely charged. It is compatible with any smartphone, tablet and other devices with Micro-USB connection.
Price: $8.99 [$6.99 on Amazon at the time of writing this] Buy it from Amazon
What sets iasg charging cable apart from the rest is the maximum charging speed at 2.4A. The high data transfer rate at up to 480 Mbps is superb.
The Micro USB cable illuminates when connected to any device for charging or syncing. The flat design avoids tangle. It is exceptionally hard-wearing.
Price: $29.99 [$14.99 on Amazon at the time of writing this] Buy it from Amazon
Claimed to offer 8% faster charging speed, Lumsing charging cable can be a reasonable deal for you. With the excellent data transfer speed, it delivers the job with aplomb.
This micro USB cable features reinforced stress points which make it extremely long-lasting. It is heat-resistant and comes with stainless steel connector heads which fit easily into your smartphone.
Price: $15.9 [$3.99 on Amazon at the time of writing this] Buy it from Amazon
Whether it’s transferring data, connecting to various USB devices or powering up your smartphone, IFaxnn charging cable does the job with absolute perfection. Being heat-resistant and having compact design, it doesn’t get worn out easily.
The aluminum connector has been designed to slide in with ease. This set comes with 3pcs 10 feet gold mixed gray micro USB cables.
Price: $28.99 [$10.99 on Amazon at the time of writing this] Buy it from Amazon
#8. Anker PowerLine
Willing to buy a charging cable with unmatched durability coupled with the fast charging ability? Readied with bulletproof kevlar fiber and reinforced stress points with over10000 bends lifespan, PowerLine (5 Pack) is incredibly robust.
Thanks to the thick gauge wiring and reduced cable resistance, this Micro USB cable provides the fastest possible charge as well as data transfer. It’s very convenient to use.
Price: $39.99 [$12.99 on Amazon at the time of writing this] Buy it from Amazon
Tronsmart (6 Pack) charging cable features stainless steel connector heads that slot in with optimum ease. It has been designed to deliver 480-Mbps transmission speed.
Tronsmart supports higher charging current up to 2.5A. Being extremely strong and heat-resistant, it is able to retain its quality for long.
Price: $21.99 [$11.99 on Amazon at the time of writing this] Buy it from Amazon
There are two main qualities like durability and solid design that make Xcords charging cable (3 Pack) a fantastic option.
The tangle-free braided USB cable with special connector has been developed to bear more than 4000 bending tests.
The 10feet extra length makes it a lot easy for using on sofa, in bed, in car or other places. The micro USB cable has been covered with braided-nylon fiber jacket and anodized aluminum shell, which not only makes it flexible but also tangle-free. The braided finish gives it a nice look. It is compatible with not just smartphones including Galaxy Note 7 but also tablets, MP3 players, cameras, hard drives, e-readers, external batteries and more.
Buy it from Amazon
Which one of these charging cables has been able to impress you with their qualities? Are they really worthy enough to be the companion of your Galaxy Note 7? It would be great to have your spot-on feedback.


Cisco announced its desire to acquire Jabber, provider of Messaging solution. The acquisition will help Cisco compete with Microsoft in communication market. Jabber’s open source messaging solution enables enterprise communication system across different communication servers like Microsoft Office and IBM Lotus Sametime. Jabber also integrates with online mail and IM services from AOL, Google, and Yahoo.
The acquisition will enable Cisco to offer presence and messaging services “in the network” and provide capabilities to users through both on-premise and on-demand solutions, across multiple platforms including Cisco WebEx Connect and Cisco Unified Communications. The Jabber technology also enables collaboration across different presence systems, such as Office Communications Server, IBM Sametime, AIM, Google and Yahoo.
“Enterprise organizations want an extensible presence and messaging platform that can integrate with business process applications and easily adapt to their changing needs,” said Doug Dennerline, Cisco senior vice president, Collaboration Software Group. “With the acquisition of Jabber, we will be able to extend the reach of our current instant messaging service and expand the capabilities of our collaboration platform. Our intention is to be the interoperability benchmark in the collaboration space.”
The acquisition is expected to be completed in Cisco’s first half of fiscal year 2009. The transaction is going to be carried out as per general accounting practices. Details of financial transactions has not been disclosed. Upon completion of the acquisition, Jabber employees will become part of the Cisco Collaboration Software Group (CSG).
Source: Network WorldFiled under Enterprise Software, Messaging Solution, Open Source Platform | Tags: AOL, Collaboration Tool, Communication Server, Google, Messaging Software, Open Source, Yahoo | Comment Below


Review: The TomTom VIA LIVE 120
TomTom VIA Live 120 UK is a higher-end sat nav model designed for people who travel a lot. If you’re looking for something simple and low priced, then this isn’t for you. Retailing at
around £180, it’s not exactly cheap. It does, however, pack a punch.
The device not only gives you directions, as you would expect of a sat nav, but it also allows for hands-free Bluetooth calling. You can use the system to connect to your
phone and speak to people on the move, without picking up your phone.
Its voice control options are great, too. Instead of dangerously operating the device whilst driving, you will be able to tell the device what you want it to do or where you want to go, and it will do the rest of the work for you.
Finally, the sat nav also comes with a year of FREE LIVE services, giving you access to HD Traffic, and speed camera notifications


The Future is Photonic
Nonlinear Materials Corporation (NLM) is a pioneering platform company delivering technology, materials, and full-lifecycle services for organic electro-optic (OEO) materials. We allow chip and computer manufacturers to integrate energy-efficient, high-speed optical computing and telecommunication components into production.
Always raising the bar, HLD is a high-performing OEO material with superior thermal stability suitable for commercial applications. It has up to 10X the performance of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and is all-organic, meaning no rare earth materials are used. It’s on the market and ready to integrate with your technology and devices.
Truly a workhorse, JRD1 is an OEO material with record-high electro-optic activity, over 10x that of LiNbO3. JRD1 has been extensively studied, with citations in over 50 papers, and has been used in many different device designs. Its excellent solubility affords facile processing and ensures fast results in prototyping new devices and applications.


Designing digital technology for service work: systematic and participatory approach
Editor: Wartzack, Sandro; Schleich, Benjamin; Gon
Author: Watanabe, Kentaro; Fukuda, Ken
Institution: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Section: Design methods and tools
DOI number: https://doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.151
Digital technology is dramatically changing our life, industry, and society. Recent evolution of digital technology is expected to significantly impact service work, such as healthcare and social welfare. Meanwhile, an insufficient understanding of service work and workers' needs leads to the failure of technology development and integration. To make digital technology better fit to values and work practices of service workers, various studies have been conducted, especially in the field of participatory design, interaction design, and service design. However, the contribution of engineering design to this topic is still limited. This paper proposes an engineering design approach to design digital technology for better integration in service work. This study combines a modelling method to represent specifications of digital technology and the participatory approach in alignment with the changing service work and workers' values. A case study of the mobile application system for elderly-care professionals is introduced to exemplify the effectiveness of the proposed method. This study intends to foster innovation of service work through digitalization.


The MixSwitch by APB-DynaSonics is a versatile, multi-channel audio switching and combining system that occupies only 1U of rack space. Typical applications include, selecting between primary and backup consoles or between headliner and opening act consoles. When in SUM mode, MixSwitch allows for the simultaneous use of both consoles. In club applications, selection between FOH and a DJ mixer is easily performed. Each MixSwitch unit can control up to 4 sets of line-level audio signals. Slave units can be added to jointly control additional sets of signals.
MixSwitch units feature an Announce microphone input and a stereo program input for music playback, each with EQ, limiting and assignment to any of the 4 outputs. An additional stereo XLR line input allows connection and switching of a third console or facility input. These inputs are independent of the primary or secondary console selection. One bonus provided by these additional inputs is the ability to do an early teardown of the FOH console at the end of a performance; the announce mic and exit music can be routed through the MixSwitch instead of the console, reducing load-out time.
Full monitoring is provided for all input and output signals by the extensive use of metering and a headphone listening system. Auto-bypass of primary inputs to outputs in case of power failure is standard, as well as connectors for remote switching and tally functions. Special care has been taken to reduce RF interference and eliminate any Pin-1 related problems.
|Input Connections||4 x XLR (L, R, 3, 4) - Input A 4 x XLR (L, R, 3, 4) - Input B 2 x RCA phono (L, R) - Stereo Program In 2 x 1/4' TRS (L, R) - Stereo Program In 2 x XLR - Announcement Mic 2 x XLR (L, R) - Line In 1 x 1/8' (3.5 mm) TRS stereo - Alternate Str Pgm In|
|Input Gain||0 dB ±0.2 dB|
|Input Impedances||Differential: > 20kΩ Common Mode: > 200kΩ|
|Maximum Input Level||+24 dBu|
|THD + N||< 0.001% @ 15dBu (Input to Output, 20 Hz to 20 kHz BW)|
|Frequency Response||10 Hz to 100 kHz ±0.5 dB @ +15 dBu (ref 1 kHz)|
|Phase Response||< +/-5 degrees, 10Hz to 50kHz (ref 1kHz)|
|Outputs||4 x XLR (L, R, 3, 4)|
|Maximum Output Level||+26 dBu (into 600Ω or greater)|
|Output Impedance||50Ω balanced|
|Residual Output Noise||< -95 dBu with all inputs unassigned (20 Hz to 20 kHz BW)|
|Headphone Output||1 x 1/4' TRS stereo|
|Ports||1 x 9-pin connector - Link to Expanders 1 x 15-pin connector - Remote Interface|
|Dimensions (W x H)||19 x 1.75' (483 x 45 mm) Depth not specified by manufacturer|
|Weight||Not specified by manufacturer|


The rules of engagement define the service-level agreement and scope of a penetration test.
The rules of engagement include the insurance and risk management associated with third-party testing.
Question 117 1 / 1 point
The __________ service is responsible for sending a response packet that contains connection details to clients who send a specially formed request.
Question 118 1 / 1 point
The RFID __________ policy establishes the framework for many other security controls. It provides a vehicle for management to communicate its expectations regarding the RFID system and its security.
Question 119 1 / 1 point
A __________ is a set of related programs
usually located at a network gateway server


ForaCare Suisse has launched a new cellular multi-functional diabetes monitoring device FORA 6 GTel based on its Lab in the Pocket technology.
The Lab in the Pocket technology, which has also been newly launched, is available on the GTel model and FOR A 6 Series products, said the Swiss healthcare technology company.
According to ForaCare Suisse, the 6-in-1 monitoring technology of FORA 6 GTel offers seamless transmission of 3G/4G data of six important health parameters through a single device. The health parameters included blood glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, β-ketone, uric acid, and total cholesterol levels.
Ty-Minh Tan – CEO of ForaCare Suisse said: “ForaCare is pleased to provide such simple, yet eloquent innovation to the healthcare marketplace. Given the importance of key health parameters to healthcare providers, we sought a solution to deliver them in a simple and timely manner. We developed this technology with patients and providers and their needs in mind.”
The new FOR A 6 GTel diabetes monitoring device is said to offer automatic upload of tests using a SIM card, while delivering the data directly to a Telehealth System and healthcare providers. As a result, the new device for monitoring diabetes is said to remove the use of a smartphone, while enabling fast and simple data transfer for improved patient monitoring by physicians.
The diabetes monitoring device also features real-time messaging between patients and physicians in a two-way communication mode courtesy of an easy-to-use UI design color touch screen.
The other features of FOR A 6 GTel are said to encourage patient compliance with audible voice guidance and 10 various reminders from physician to patient along with a service button for patients to ask for assistance from the health care professional.
The FOR A 6 GTel diabetes monitoring device is claimed to offer the highest precision and accuracy through its patented Gold Test strips.


Calls made or received on Burner count against your cellular phone plan voice allowance -- though unlimited phone plans are common these days, so this may not be an issue.Calls made through Burner show up on your phone bill as calls between your Burner number and your personal number.I am simple loving and caring girl seeking for true love. i'm a kind of guy who live a simple life...i am faithful in every commitment that i have. If you have added your phone number to your profile but you're having trouble confirming it or getting your PIN via SMS, simply text YES to the appropriate number below for your country from the phone number you added. If you provided your mobile phone number when you created your account, we sent you a SMS message you needed to reply YES to in order to confirm your phone number. The numbers we reveal for members to text each other are OUR phone numbers.The control channel also provides the pathway for SMS messages.When a friend sends you an SMS message, the message flows through the SMSC, then to the tower, and the tower sends the message to your phone as a little packet of data on the control channel.If you do answer, you'll hear “press 1 to accept this call." Pressing 1 puts the call through to you.This functionality acts like a barrier that prevents callers from hitting your personal number's voicemail.
Even if you are not talking on your cell phone, your phone is constantly sending and receiving information.You create text messages from within the Burner app.The texts appear to the receiver just like they would a normal text message. Texts sent or received count against your data only (and don’t use much data at all).It is talking to its cell phone tower over a pathway called a control channel.The reason for this chatter is so that the cell phone system knows which cell your phone is in, and so that your phone can change cells as you move around.In the same way, when you send a message, your phone sends it to the tower on the control channel and it goes from the tower to the SMSC and from there to its destination.The actual data format for the message includes things like the length of the message, a time stamp, the destination phone number, the format, etc.In this article, we'll find out how text messaging works, explore its uses and learn why it sometimes takes a while for your text message to get to its recipient. Simply put, it is a method of communication that sends text between cell phones, or from a PC or handheld to a cell phone.The "short" part refers to the maximum size of the text messages: 160 characters (letters, numbers or symbols in the Latin alphabet).The end numbers you are calling through Burner are not shown.Incoming calls show up as calls from your Burner number. Prepaid Burners need to be extended manually before their expiration date.


Download and install the Cisco VPN client (32 or 64 bit) from Firewall.cx’s Cisco Tools & Applications section. Optional: Uninstall the SonicWALL Global VPN Client. Note: If you receive the Windows message “This app can’t run on this PC”, go to the folder where the Cisco VPN client was extracted and run the “vpnclient_setup.msi” file.
Pour pouvoir accéder à Internet, je dois utiliser un client VPN Cisco System version 5.0.04.0300 (dernière version disponible sur le site de mon université) Quand je vais dans "Connexion", je me connecte au réseau de ma fac mais soit je suis connectée mais seulement au réseau local soit quelquefois au réseau local ET Internet (à chaque fois la force du signal est au minimum "très Among all computers I have installed Cisco VPN Client, my Windows 7 is the only one that had the problem connecting to the remote VPN server. I kept getting this Reason 442 message telling the connection terminated locally by the client pretty much every time when I wanted to use it. Secure VPN Connection terminated locally by the client. Download and install the Cisco VPN client (32 or 64 bit) from Firewall.cx’s Cisco Tools & Applications section. Optional: Uninstall the SonicWALL Global VPN Client. Note: If you receive the Windows message “This app can’t run on this PC”, go to the folder where the Cisco VPN client was extracted and run the “vpnclient_setup.msi” file. This article shows how make Cisco VPN Client work with Windows 8 32bit & 64bit. VPN Client (including 5.0.07.0440, 5.0.07.0410) fails to connect to VPN networks due to an incorrect Windows 8 registry entry for the Cisco VPN client. Learn what you need to change to get the Cisco VPN client to work on all Windows 8 Platforms. 31/07/2015 · If you search for "Cisco VPN Windows 10" in Google you can find unofficial fixes but I would recommend taking caution in using them (they may pose security risks). Personally, I would suggest trying to use ShrewSoft VPN client in place of Cisco VPN client until Cisco comes up with an official fix. Hope this helps!
est ce que la case echo dans les exeptions du FW windows est accepté ? fais un "tracert" pour voir ou vont tes paquets et surtout ou ils se perdent ! Enabling IPSec passthrough on the local network router fixed the problem. Feb 23, 2015 Error 9: Unable to update Disconnect VPN connection when logging off setting. The VPN Client was unable to save the Disconnect VPN connection when logging off setting of the Windows Logon Properties Reason 412:.
The Cisco VPN adapter should be disabled if the client is not connected, it turns itself on upon connection. This issue can happen from time to time, easiest to just uninstall the client, reboot, and reinstall. Moving to AnyConnect would be the best solution.
18/03/2015 15/01/2014 When VPN went down: Secure VPN connection terminated locally by the client. Reason 412: The remote peer is no longer responding. When ATT was disconnected Dual …


Gov. Ernie Fletcher has approved a bill that would outlaw
the use of devices in Kentucky that can change some traffic signals from red to
green from as far away as 1,500 feet.
Traffic-light changers are designed to allow police, fire
and other emergency officials to clear intersections before they approach. But
some drivers have managed to purchase them on the Internet for less than a
couple of hundred dollars.
The new law, previously HB17, is intended to deter anyone
other than public safety and transit agencies from using so-called mobile
infrared transmitters, or MIRTs.
A person caught using such a device could be fined up to
$500. A person involved in an accident resulting in injuries while using the
device could face up to one year in prison in addition to a fine.
The devices, which sit on a vehicle’s dash, are not
regulated by current federal standards because they rely on a beam of light
instead of a radio wave to trigger the light-changing mechanisms that have been
attached to some intersections.
When a signal changer on a traffic light detects an
approaching emergency vehicle equipped with the device, the light responds
accordingly. If the light is red, the signal changer will immediately give
vehicles in other directions a yellow light, followed by a red light. The
emergency vehicle will get a green light until it passes through the
The light-changing mechanisms have been in use at intersections
since the early 1970s.


Since its innovation by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, the telephone has come a lengthy means. From the very early days of rotating phones and also switchboard drivers to the modern age of Voice over Internet Procedure (VoIP), telephone systems have constantly advanced to meet the ever-changing communication requirements of people as well as organizations alike.
In the early years, telephone systems were easy. Calls were made with hand-operated switchboards, where operators manually connected customers by connecting cables into the proper jacks. This process was lengthy and also restricted the number of synchronised phone calls that might be made.
However, with developments in technology, the telephone system underwent considerable improvements. The intro of dial phones in the 1890s permitted individuals to directly call phone numbers by revolving a dial instead of experiencing an operator. This advancement not only made dialing faster yet also decreased the reliance on human operators.
In the mid-20th century, rotary phones paved the way to touch-tone phones, which included buttons for dialing. This technical improvement not just offered greater comfort but likewise led the way for the growth of automated phone services such as interactive voice response (IVR) systems.
However, the largest jump in telephone system modern technology included the dawn of the web age as well as the emergence of Voice over Internet Method (VoIP). VoIP changed the means we interact by leveraging the power of the web to transmit voice calls as information packets.
Unlike standard telephone systems that count on specialized copper lines, VoIP systems operate over IP networks, enabling individuals to make telephone calls utilizing their computers, mobile phones, or specialized VoIP phones. This flexibility, paired with reduced expenses as well as advanced features such as video calling and seminar calling, has made VoIP a preferred choice for companies and also people worldwide.
With the recurring advancements in telecommunications modern technology, the future of telephone systems looks encouraging. From the combination of artificial intelligence and online aides to the growth of improved protection methods, telephone systems are readied to end up being a lot more efficient, safe and secure, and also straightforward.
In conclusion, the telephone system has actually seen tremendous development since its inception. From hand-operated switchboards to touch-tone phones and also ultimately to VoIP, each iteration has actually brought enhanced performance as well as convenience. As modern technology remains to development, we can anticipate even more interesting advancements worldwide of telecommunications.


Who we are
Loccalls.com is a service that allows any traveler to pick up an optimal tariff plan from a mobile operator in destination country with the necessary amount of mobile Internet and the necessary number of minutes for communication abroad, buy the local SIM-card online and pick it up at the airport upon arrival.
Loccalls.com was founded in 2016 by active tourists. Our goal is to provide our services all over the world and cover the largest tourist cities and countries.
Our mission is to satisfy the need of tourists in the regular communication in their trips. Internet, calls, social networks, mail and messengers - these are things we can no longer live without. We are striving to make traveling of people abroad as comfortable as possible without additional costs for communication and the Internet.
What we offer a traveler
- Selection of optimal tariff according to personal needs
- The most beneficial offers for the Internet and voice communication
- Multi-language and multi-currency
- Online payment
- Ready-to-use SIM card, activated and replenished
- Getting a SIM card at the airport
We cooperate with local mobile operators and offer only the best tariffs for our customers, given the coverage, quality of service and cost of services.


For those who would like to train and improve their network analysis skills, Encripto has released Pcapteller v1.0. This is a tool designed for traffic manipulation and replay. Version 1.0 implements new packet manipulation features, which extend the possibilities when re-creating network traffic scenarios. Feel free to read these blog posts if you want more information about the tool.
Despite Pcapteller aims for Blue Teams, it could also become a powerful resource for Red Teams. In such context, Pcapteller could assist with the creation of a network decoy during an engagement.
Let’s consider advanced security assessments that result in access to the target’s internal network. Such access could be obtained in multiple ways, for example by using social engineering against employees, compromising weak internet-facing systems, or just as starting point if the engagement assumes compromise.
In environments with tight network countermeasures and a (proactive) Blue Team in place, the Red Team must measure their movements across the target network, in order to fly under the radar. But, what if this is not possible? What if the Red Team needs to perform actions that could potentially draw the Blue Team’s attention?.
Creating a network decoy
Using Pcapteller in combination with VPN pivoting, a Red Team could create a network decoy. In other words, this could make a Blue Team see ghosts, like Haley Joel Osment in The Sixth Sense. Here you have an example on how this works in practice:
Let’s assume that the Red Team has already deployed a VPN tunnel towards the target network. The Red Team has also some basic target network visibility. In other words, they know about MAC addresses / IP address schema of the target network.
For the sake of this blog post, I will assume that the target network is 192.168.1.0/24, with a Palo Alto appliance (MAC address 00:1b:17:00:00:02) as gateway. The target network is also running Snort as Intrusion Detection System.
The Red Team has also downloaded a pcap file from malware-traffic-analysis.net, or some other awesome source. The pcap file should contain the chain of events and the network indicators related to an exploit kit attack with a successful ransomware infection.
Alternatively, network traffic with custom indicators could be generated and captured with other tools, such as Maligno and Wireshark. You may learn more about this topic by watching the Maligno Video Series.
2. Preparing your ghosts
Based on information gathered during the engagement, the Red Team should pick a set of MAC addresses that fits the target environment. The same applies to internal IP addresses that may be used as decoys, in an attempt to draw the Blue Team’s attention.
In this specific example, the pcap file downloaded from malware-traffic-analysis.net shows host 10.3.23.102 as victim. The MAC address of the gateway used by such host is 20:e5:2a:b6:93:f1.
Fragment of the original contents of the pcap file
3. Sending traffic
In order to deploy a realistic decoy that can drive network countermeasures crazy, and hopefully confuse the Blue Team, the Red Team will manipulate and replay traffic with Pcapteller over the existing VPN tunnel. In this case, the original host under attack will be replaced with 192.168.1.111 (a random host in the target network), and the original gateway’s MAC address will be replaced with the Palo Alto appliance’s 00:1b:17:00:00:02.
With such decisions made, Pcapteller can be run like this:
python pcapteller.py -f example.pcap -i phear2 -a 20:e5:2a:b6:93:f1 -b 00:1b:17:00:00:02 -c 10.3.23.102 -d 192.168.1.111
This will manipulate and replay the contents of «example.pcap» over the VPN tunnel interface «phear2». Pcapteller should replay the traffic quickly, resulting in something like this:
Creating a network decoy with Pcapteller v1.0
4. The results
Once the network traffic is replayed over the VPN tunnel, the countermeasures placed on the target network should register the «fake activity».
Snort alerts triggered by the network decoy
Even if the Blue Team goes into a packet level, Wireshark will display the replayed traffic as if the infection really happened. The traffic should reflect the manipulation of both MAC and IP addresses:
Fragment of the replayed traffic (network decoy)
Destination MAC address after replay
How can you tell?
The network decoy created by Pcapteller is not perfect. This means that a network analyst could eventually detect the network decoy and realize it was just a diversion. Depending on the analyst’s view of the network and his/her experience, that conclusion could be found sooner or later.
In The Sixth Sense, a very young Haley Joel Osment told Bruce Willis a secret. He realized that dead people was walking among the living. As a network security analyst, How can you tell whether you are seeing real traffic, or a «ghost»?
Feel free to send us your answer!


Low Voltage Switchgear Market Trends:
Digitalization and IoT Integration: The LV switchgear industry is witnessing a shift towards digitalization and integration with the Internet of Things (IoT). Smart LV switchgear systems are being developed with built-in sensors and communication capabilities, allowing real-time monitoring, remote control, and predictive maintenance. This trend enhances operational efficiency and reduces downtime.
Renewable Energy Integration: With the growing adoption of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, LV switchgear is being used to efficiently manage the integration of these intermittent energy sources into the grid. This requires advanced protection and control mechanisms to ensure grid stability.
Energy Efficiency and Sustainability: There is an increasing emphasis on energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. LV switchgear manufacturers are focusing on designing products that consume less energy and have a reduced environmental impact throughout their lifecycle. This trend aligns with global efforts to combat climate change.
Safety and Compliance: Safety remains a critical concern in the switchgear industry. Stricter regulations and standards are driving the development of LV switchgear that ensures the safety of both operators and equipment. Arc-resistant designs, improved insulation, and advanced protection systems are being incorporated to meet these requirements.
Compact and Modular Designs: Space constraints in industrial and commercial settings are pushing the demand for compact and modular LV switchgear solutions. These designs allow for easier installation, expansion, and maintenance while optimizing the use of available space.
Low-voltage switchgear is an essential component of electrical power distribution systems that helps regulate, control, and protect electrical circuits. It is a critical component that ensures safe and reliable operation of low voltage electrical equipment. In this blog, we will discuss the fundamentals of low voltage switchgear, its types, applications, specification, manufacturers, function, and components.
LV Switchgear: LV switchgear, also known as low-voltage power distribution switchgear, is an electrical component that is used to distribute, control, and protect electrical power in low-voltage applications. It is an assembly of switching devices that are mounted on a metal enclosure. LV switchgear can be found in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, where they regulate the power supply and prevent any electrical hazards.
Low Voltage Switchgear Market will be exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.00% during the forecast period (2022 - 2030).
Types of Low Voltage Switchgear: Low voltage switchgear can be classified into two types: indoor and outdoor switchgear. Indoor switchgear is used in a controlled environment where there is no exposure to the environment. Outdoor switchgear, on the other hand, is used in harsh weather conditions and is designed to withstand extreme temperatures, humidity, and dust.
Low Voltage Switchgear Applications: Low voltage switchgear has a wide range of applications in various industries such as power generation, oil and gas, mining, food and beverage, and many more. It is used to control and protect electrical circuits in motors, transformers, lighting systems, and other low voltage electrical equipment. LV switchgear also plays a vital role in power distribution systems, ensuring safe and reliable power supply.
Low Voltage Switchgear Specification: LV switchgear specification is crucial to ensure that the switchgear meets the requirements of the application. The specification typically includes voltage rating, current rating, short-circuit rating, frequency, and environmental conditions. It is essential to select the appropriate switchgear based on the specific application to ensure safe and reliable operation.
Low Voltage Switchgear Manufacturers: There are several manufacturers of low voltage switchgear, including ABB, Siemens, Schneider Electric, Eaton, and GE. These manufacturers produce high-quality switchgear that meets international standards and provides reliable performance.
Low Voltage Switchgear Function: The function of LV switchgear is to control, regulate, and protect electrical circuits. The switchgear consists of a combination of devices such as circuit breakers, fuses, relays, and contactors that work together to ensure safe and reliable power supply. The circuit breaker is the primary device that interrupts the flow of current in the event of an overload or short circuit.
Low Voltage Switchgear Components: The primary components of low voltage switchgear include circuit breakers, fuses, relays, and contactors. The circuit breaker is a mechanical device that interrupts the flow of current when the current exceeds a certain level. Fuses are electrical devices that protect circuits from overcurrent and short circuits. Relays are electromechanical devices that detect abnormal conditions and initiate protective actions. Contactors are electrical switches that are used to control the flow of power in electrical circuits.
In conclusion, low voltage switchgear is an essential component of electrical power distribution systems that ensures safe and reliable operation of low voltage electrical equipment. It is critical to select the appropriate switchgear based on the specific application to ensure optimal performance. With the right specification and quality components, low voltage switchgear can provide long-lasting and reliable performance.