Iridium: The possibilities are endless
Powered by a uniquely sophisticated global constellation of 66 cross-linked Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, the Iridium® network provides high-quality voice and data connections over the planet’s entire surface, including across oceans, airways and polar regions. The flexible software-based design of the Iridium network serves as the technological backbone for the development of an impressive array of industry defining products and services. The unparalleled coverage and high dependability of the Iridium network mean that Intellian’s customers can rely on critical communication lifelines when and where needed most.
Intellian C700 Certus® Terminals
Stay connected with the most powerful Iridium Certus terminal available. The Intellian C700 maritime satellite terminals utilize the Iridium Certus network of 66 Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, providing pole-to-pole communication.
With its best-in-class RF performance, the C700 can deliver out-of-the-box uplink speeds of 352Kbps and downlink speeds of 704Kbps, with equally impressive low-elevation-angle RF efficiency thanks to its unique 12-patch phased array antenna design. It will support three high-quality, low-latency phone lines simultaneously; and as a solid-state antenna with no moving parts inside, the C700 is especially robust, requiring no scheduled maintenance over its lifetime.
The C700 winterized version is the first terminal that is certified by Iridium with an operational temperature range -50°C ~ +55°C (-58°F ~ 122°F). As the C700 winterized combines a specially designed heating device with the C700 terminal, protected together in a larger radome, it means it can withstand extreme environments, for those customers that require greater operational range in harsh conditions.
The Intellian C200 Maritime terminal is the latest product developed at Intellian’s new L-Band Center of Excellence in London, UK. Designed for truly global, low-latency Iridium Certus service, the terminal provides customers with a truly agile and adaptable satcom system for all Maritime market segments.
The most technically advanced Iridium Certus maritime terminal
The advanced performance of the C700 provides customers across all markets the flexibility to deploy the C700 as the primary communication antenna or as a companion to a VSAT system for seamless redundancy. The standard Intellian C700 is the first Iridium Certus terminal to be approved for the Japanese maritime market.
The winterized C700 terminal is designed to withstand extremely low-temperature environments while maintaining its high-end performance. It allows the terminal to operate in harsh weather conditions like the polar regions.
True global coverage
- Iridium LEO network of 66 satellites
- Pole to Pole coverage
- Low-Earth Orbit, stronger signals
- Low latency, high speed and always-on
- GMDSS Ready*
Best in class performance
- Using a 12 element patch phased-array antenna for maximum coverage
- High power H2 antenna amplifier for 352 Kbps uplink speed
- Excellent performance during any ship motion and low satellite elevation angles
- VSAT companion for out of band management, supporting multiple users
- Optimal satellite and beam handover ensuring seamless voice and data connectivity
The perfect VSAT companion
- VSAT + C700 Bundled packages available
- Data communication throughput – 352 Kbps Up, 704 Kbps Down
- Out-Of-Band management
- Powerful API enables full integration with Smart Boxes
- 19" Rack mount version available
- Built-in Analog Terminal Adapter (ATA) for connecting analog phones and onboard PABX
- Built-in Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) for powering IP devices, SIP phones, wireless access points
- Built-in private automatic branch exchange (PABX) telephone switching system
- Built-in router supporting multiple users of the terminal
- Built-in firewall for cyber secure connections
- Built-in WAN for least-cost routing of data traffic via 3G/4G or similar services
- Built-in Wi-Fi
- GMDSS Ready*
Enhanced cyber security
- Built-In Firewall
- HTTPS, TLS certificate
- Data Encryption
Advanced voice solution
- Soft PABX & LTE interface capability
- 3 HD Quality voice lines
- Up to 16 SIP Phones
- Up to 2 analog telephones
- 3G/4G/LTE WAN Port
*For non-SOLAS market when paired with Intellian GMDSS console. GMDSS console and SOLAS-compliant terminals are under development and will be available in the future.
Intellian C700 Maritime Users
The C700 Iridium Certus Maritime Terminal has been developed to suit all customer demands in the Maritime industry where vessel sizes and communication needs are varied.Explore our Markets
Intellian's C700 Iridium Certus terminal enables faultless communications for transatlantic rowers
The Monkey Fist Adventures rowed across the Atlantic, from Lanzarote to Antigua in 51 days. The team relied on the C700 terminal to communicate with those ashore and transfer high-quality video footage from anywhere in the Atlantic.
Where to Buy
Find an Authorized Intellian Reseller
Regardless of your vessel size, company size or industry – our partners can help you buy, build, implement, service, support and run the Intellian total solution that best fits your unique needs. Find a trusted professional to work with today.


- Compatible with the Carplay function of the original vehicle, selected vehicles with factory wired CarPlay,like Benz / Volvo / land Rover / LEXUS / Audi full line /Porsche / Subaru / VW / Chevy / Peugeot / Citroen / Hyundai / Nissan / KIA / Suzuki / Toyota / Honda / Buick (overseas is OPEL) / Cadillac / ALPINE / Pioneer / Kenwood .etc
- Support 4G and WiFi.
- Supports wireless or wired connection with iPhone. WiFi and Bluetooth of the phone needs to be on for the iPhone to do wireless connection. Just find the dongle on your phone's Bluetooth and connect with the dongle through Bluetooth.
Install any apps you like from Google Play Store, whatever YouTube, Netflix, Spotify, Google Maps, Waze, Yandex Navi, Google Assistant, etc.
Integrate GPS module for accurate online/offline navigation, GPS/GLONASS/BEIDOU
Built in GPS antenna,compatible with OEM GPS signal meanwhile
Dual Bluetooth module for hands free talking and other external BT dervices
Operating by original touch screen, steering wheel, and central console joystick/buttons
Compatible with factory microphone and speakers
Automatically compatible with multiple screen size and resolutions
·Further software upgrade via micro SD card(Update to 128G)
Support TF card HD resolution MP4 AVI video playback and lossless AUDIO playback(Update to 128G)
- Android 10.0, 2G/4G RAM,32G/64G ROM.
- Qualcomm，QCM2150/6125,4*A73 2.0G+4*A53 1.8G.
- Support 2G/3G/4G network, LTE-FDD B2/B4/B5/B7/B12/B13/B17/B25/B26/B66,LTE-TDD B41, WCDMA B1/B8, GSM/EDGE 900/1800 Mhz( USA, Canada, Mexico)
- Bluetooth 5.0,WIFI 802.11a/b/g/n/AC, 2.4G+5G
- The current is less than 1.5V.
- Controlled by OEM touch function, or OEM controller, buttons, support the high resolution same as original image quality.
* Terms apply. We will not charge for returns initiated within 30 days of delivery unless the item is damaged by the customer or something is missing. We will send you a label for free if there is an issue with the item you purchased from us within one year of delivery and the issue is not caused by human error or intentionally incurred. For more info...
We Also Recommend
Android Radio Specific USB HD DVR dash camera 1080P
WiFi OBDII EML327 Adapter Scanner (Fits vertical screen units)


1 December, 2014
Microsoft invited ISL to join ISV Solution Showcase
On 1 December 2014, Microsoft held the “Microsoft ISV Solution Showcase” at its Cyberport office. The event focused on showcasing new solutions from ISV partners. Mr. Hilton Law, CEO of ISL and Tera Age, presented Mobile Data Interchange Solution - ReportNOW to attendees.
ReportNOW is a mobile data interchange platform for many different types of organizations. As long as you have a mobile device on hand, you can stay connected with your business anytime anywhere. It also can easily link up with company’s existing database system and generate reports with real-time information or capture immediate data from mobile device.
Other partners also presented their solutions at the event, including solution features, functions and benefits, application of the solution in business context.


ThingsManchester wants to create an open and accessible Internet of Things network for Manchester – and you can get involved via regular drop ins at The Shed.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to transform our relationship with the internet, our cities, and the objects we use in everyday life. But who will ultimately have control over our access to any IoT data network is still very much up for grabs.
While one model of development involves large telecommunication companies carving out a market by charging people to access their closed networks – an approach counter to the founding principles of the world wide web – ThingsManchester is committed to creating an open network across Greater Manchester.
“We are building an open and accessible network for people to build stuff upon,” says ThingsManchester initiator Julian Tait, whose company The Garden has established much of the IoT network in Manchester so far.
“ThingsManchester is about encouraging people to help build the network by installing equipment that provides coverage for their communities. In essence, this model means that it is free at the point of use.”
Tait describes this as “a commons-based shared infrastructure that is owned by everyone who contributes,” adding that “the more people involved, the better and more resilient it is”.
The Things Network
ThingsManchester – part of the international Things Network network, founded in Amsterdam (see video above) – is made up of a mix of technologists, designers, civic activists, artists and academics.
“It is not just about technology,” says Tait, “but [also] how we can make useful stuff that solves problems and how we enable anyone who wants to participate.”
Indicative of that approach, ThingsManchester hosts a regular monthly drop-in event at The Shed. The next gathering is on Monday 23 May.
“The drop in is for sharing ideas and expertise among the community,” says Tait. “It is to encourage people to build and experiment using the ThingsManchester IoT network.”
Mirroring the open approach of the project, the subjects discussed at the drop in are decided by the people who attend.
“If people want to talk about the political, conceptual part of IoT that’s OK,” says Tait, “and if people want to code something, that’s OK too.”
The ThingsManchester May drop is on Monday 23 May 2016, 6-8pm, The Shed, Chester Street, Manchester 1. More information here


The National University Health System, one of three worldwide Holomedicine® Centres of Excellence, IMDA, Singtel, apoQlar and Microsoft has been awarded a grant for the deployment of indoor 5G.
The grant was awarded by the Infocomm Media Development Authority, who announced a number of 5G projects last week.
The deployment of indoor 5G focuses on operating theatres and trial wards in National University Hospital in Singapore as part of their Holomedicine programme, showing and developing the data transmission capabilities throughout the hospital.
A huge congratulations goes out to our vice-chairman, Dr. Yujia Gao, who is the programme lead for holomedicine at NUHS.
Read more about the grant here.


Samsung galaxy s4 mini sim card slot
SIM Card Sizes - Cellular Abroad
What size SIM card does a Samsung Galaxy S3 use? – Help
Also known as Samsung I9190 Galaxy S IV mini; Samsung I9190 Galaxy S4 mini Duos with dual-SIM card slots.Great replacement Samsung Galaxy S4 replacement SIM card. This Samsung Galaxy S4 SIM Card Tray Replacement for the. sim card tray slot and sd card slot for.Samsung Galaxy S4 Sim Card Tray. Galaxy S4 Mini Disassembly & Assembly GT-I9190. Samsung Galaxy S4 sim & micro SD card reader replacement GH59.
The phone has a proximity sensor that checks whether you are on a call or not, and it is this that determines whether the screen should be on or off.
All about Virgin Mobile SIM cards - Virgin Mobile Canada
Hi, Maybe you broke some of the pins. It's hard for fix. Only the front 3x pins are visible. Another 3x are under the metal bracket. The flex cable with the SIM and.Home > Support > Samsung > Samsung Galaxy S 4 > Insert SIM Card - Samsung Galaxy S 4. Ask Verizon:. Samsung Galaxy S® 4 mini Verizon Wireless AirCard® 595 Gear S2.Before you can use your phone, you need to insert your SIM and the battery.
SIM card sizes explained | iiHelp
SAMSUNG Kies (Mac),PC Sync (KIES Mac) ver 188.8.131.5271, MAC OS.
Lift the battery casing at the back of your phone to find he SIM card slot. Insert your SIM card. lock” their phones so. on the Galaxy S Mobile AP.
Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini - Insert SIM and battery
How to Unlock Samsung Galaxy S4/S5/S6 and Use it - dr.fone
FastGSM SamsungUnlock Samsung Galaxy S4. Unlock Samsung Galaxy S4 by USB is. Unlock Galaxy S4 will remove the SIM Network Unlock PIN, Enter Network Lock.How to unlock Samsung: SIM Network Unlock. Remove the existing SIM Card 3). For models other than the Galaxy 3, Samsung S4 and Note 2 follow the below.Transfer, Download, Record, Organize, Manage, Burn, Discover and Enjoy Your Favorite Music Without iTunes.How to SIM Unlock a Samsung Galaxy S4. remove the Region Lock (Samsung’s way of locking. allow you to use your Samsung Galaxy phone with a new SIM card.
3 Ways to Unlock Samsung: SIM Network Unlock Pin - dr.fone
We have already answered some questions regarding the Galaxy S3 “No SIM” card problem and errors related with it. However, the information we’ve provided wasn.How to Unlock Samsung Galaxy S II. Remove the old SIM card from the slot and insert the SIM card from your new. How to Unlock a Samsung Galaxy S4 I9505. Thanks.Currently, there are 3 SIM card sizes available on the market. Galaxy S3 Mini: mini-sim: Samsung: Galaxy S4 4G+ micro-sim: Samsung: Galaxy S4 4G+ Black Edition.
Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini GT-19195 - My Members Review Phone
SIM card lock When I try to set up SIM card lock under "security"I get the next window " Lock SIM Card" highlited and asking to &qu. sim card lock samsung galaxy s4.
Samsung Galaxy S4 - " Sim card not detected. a square and placed it on top of the sim card slot. i set my samsung galaxy s4 mini, sd card to be a default.
How To Solve Samsung Galaxy S3 “No SIM. the sim/sd card slot and still. problem on my galaxy s3 mini i have tried cleaning the sim card and also.Samsung Galaxy S4 mini support. Inserting your SIM. Samsung Galaxy S4 mini support. Push the SIM card into the slot until it locks in place.
Samsung Galaxy S4 mini support - Inserting your SIM. - Three
Unlock Samsung Galaxy S4 by USB | FastGSM
How To SIM Unlock Samsung Galaxy S4 GT-I9505 For Free
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini Which Sim card?. How to hide red handset on lock screen? Samsung Galaxy S6 Only display contacts stored in Google account.
How to SIM Unlock Galaxy S4 GT-I9505 for Free - DroidViews
Samsung Unlocking Instructions - UnlockRiver
GET TO KNOW THE Samsung Galaxy S 4 SIM Card
Why does my Samsung Galaxy S4 screen turn back on after i have finished a phone call.Samsung; How to SIM Unlock Galaxy S4 GT-I9505 and GT-I9500 for Free. By. try a SIM card that is not from your. Any tips on unlocking Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini I9195?.
Samsung clarifies SIM lock restriction for the UAE
Buy MMOBIEL Sim Tray for Samsung Galaxy S4 mini i9195 i9190 SD Card Reader Holder Memory Tray Slot Flex Cable Replacement Part with adhesive underside incl 2 x.Galaxy S4 mini. Solutions & Tips. SIM Card or SD card on Samsung smartphone device?. Setting Why does my Samsung Galaxy S4 screen turn back on after i have.Checking SIM lock status for my mobile phone. Memory card slot. Yes. SIM type. Micro SIM. Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini.
Home Forums Channels Android Devices Samsung Galaxy S4 Support S4 not detecting SIM card,. right into the slot for the sim card.
S4 not detecting SIM card, AT&T issue - Samsung Galaxy S4
Remove the AT&T SIM card from the slot 3. It is possible for Sprint wireless carrier to lock the Samsung Galaxy device. Unlock Samsung Galaxy S4/S5/S6 with.
Samsung is not implementing the SIM lock for devices in the UAE,. Samsung says if an invalid SIM card is used,. GALAXY S3, GALAXY S4 and the GALAXY S4 Mini,.
Samsung Galaxy S4 mini: Micro SIM:. and has the potential to get jammed in your Nano SIM slot). The UK's Best Value SIM Cards Your Smartphone's SIM Card Size:.BEST SHOPPER - Samsung Galaxy S4 i337 i545 L720 M919 SIM Slot + Memory Card Holder Flex: Amazon.ca: Electronics.Easily transfer data from your old phone to your new Galaxy smartphone.Install SIM Card and Battery on Samsung Galaxy S4. Cut your own Micro SIM card from a common Mini SIM? 1. If objects on your SIM card slot are visible,.The Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini is a Galaxy S4 look-alike with a smaller screen and less hardware. Samsung phones › Samsung Galaxy S4 mini;. (With Dual SIM support).


00 Your smart phone will definitely come with a battery charger. Nonetheless, a lot of the battery chargers consisted of are for keys power (PHCN) you may need a battery charger that will allow you bill your smart phone in your car. If you have a spare battery an universal or desktop battery charger will certainly be alright for you.
This will lower the opportunities of your staying off network for a very long time. If you live in a nation like Nigeria with inefficient power supply yet bountiful sunshine after that you need a charger that makes use of alternative energy supply from the sun. A solar charger will be extremely beneficial though a little bit expensive.
Yet you may need a back up battery. This will enable you to quickly swap battery when you are your battery runs reduced. A SIM backup device is a very helpful gizmo for any kind of mobile phone user. A SIM back-up gadget allows you to back-up the web content of your SIM card.
While acquiring mobile devices guarantee that they work with your cellphone. Register your cellphone online at the manufacturer's site. This will certainly allow you get details on latest changes to the phone or available devices. is. The article was written by. The article was last customized: NaijaTechGuide may get economic settlement for products/services bought through affiliate web links on this website.
Many thanks to contemporary technology, there are a number of cellular phone accessories that deal with your listening device to provide a more personal and also fluid experience. There are several different ways to connect listening devices to cellular phone through making use of Bluetooth innovation. Many mobile phone can be utilized with Bluetooth-enabled gadgets.
Bluetooth modern technology enables your hearing help to be linked to a selection of different electronic devices, like your cellular phone. Through a setting on your listening device, you can be connected to different innovations around you, which allows you to change volume setups personally with your gadgets - gadgets. HAC cellular phone accessories are beneficial to hearing help customers for numerous factors.
Some HAC devices can give you hands-free mobile phone use, which is particularly essential if you intend on utilizing your cell phone while driving. You might likewise be able to make use of the speaker phone feature on some gadgets if you utilize the microphone setting on your listening device. All significant cellular phone suppliers are now needed to make HAC cellular phone readily available to listening to aid users and also numerous likewise have HAC mobile phone accessories readily available as well.
Furthermore, talk with your hearing care company to determine if Bluetooth can be utilized with your specific phone. Trying the phone with the gadget will offer you an excellent suggestion of how well the device will certainly benefit you. Keep in mind that some phones and also devices might work differently once you leave the store, so it is also an excellent concept to locate out regarding any money-back or satisfaction guarantees.
Here at What Mobile, we've curated a list of the 5 most vital points that you need to lug with your cellphone. Whether you're a music fan, photography fanatic or have an extreme desire to utilize the current gadgets, you can certainly find something in the list that will definitely provide your phone a lot more make use of! Right here's the listing: A mobile charger or external battery is just one of one of the most important accessories that a cellphone need to constantly have - phone accessories.


So, you want to learn a little more about those nifty “ham radios” you’ve heard about, right?
After all, who wouldn’t want a way to tap into emergency communications?
Oh and one that can be battery-powered, mobile, non-reliant on common infrastructure, and even used to talk to the ISS or bounce a signal around the globe?
I know, I know — it’s super cool! And the best part?
It’s really easy to start.
I would know! I tested for and earned my technician license when I was 11. And, spoiler alert, I’m no electrical engineering whiz kid.
So, if you’re interested in getting your feet wet in the wonderful world of amateur radio…you’re in the right place!
We’re going to walk you through all the basics of becoming a Ham operator, including licensing and regulation, how amateur radio works, and how you can use a ham radio (including in emergencies). Finally, I’ll make a few suggestions for your first rig.
Sound good? Sweet!
Let’s get it!
Table of Contents
What is Ham Radio…Exactly?
So, you might have surmised that Ham radio doesn’t actually involve lunchmeat, nor does it involve animals of the porcine persuasion. (…Or you didn’t, and that’s okay. We’re all learning today!)
Also called “amateur radio,” ham radio uses a class of radio bands set aside specifically for the purpose of allowing license operators to transmit and receive.
If that sounds weird, let’s look at some other radio bands set aside for specific use: FM radio, AM radio, CB radio, aeronautical and marine communications, radar, radio-control toys and models, police and fire radio…your garage clicker.
All of the above use some portion of the radio spectrum, but the whole spectrum is divided into “bands” dictating who can use which frequencies.
Can you imagine the havoc that would happen if your microwave operated on the same frequency as your local law enforcement?
Or if your garage clicker created interference for jumbo jets trying to land?
Fun fact: a long time ago, in the early days of radio, all frequencies could be used by everyone. This meant amateur operators could disrupt an entire area’s communications by using a frequency that was in use for other things, like communicating with ships.
Professional radio operators started calling amateurs “hams” as a not-so-nice nickname…and the amateurs took it and ran with it!
So, knowing that…these days, amateur radio is the practice of using a specific set of frequencies to communicate. And you must be licensed by the FCC to use those frequencies.
Let’s take a look at which bands you’re entitled to use as a licensed Ham radio operator.
The specifics of Ham frequencies vary between countries (and sometimes even locales), but they do tend to stick to the High Frequency (HF), Very-High Frequency (VHF), or Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) areas of the band.
Don’t worry if you don’t know what that means.
For practical purposes, you’re going to operate on a very limited amount of frequencies as a beginner. I pretty much only operate on the 2-meter band, which means you’ll find me exclusively between 144.1-148.0 MHz, which is VHF.
You might start exploring different frequencies and methods of transmission a little later as you figure out what you like to do with Ham radio, but I don’t want to bog you down with a bunch of “if x, then y” just yet.
Interested in learning more about Ham radio frequencies? The Amateur Radio Relay League, or ARRL, is a great resource.
This is the site of the National Association of Amateur Radio Operators in the U.S.
Actually, if you’re going to get licensed, go ahead and also join the ARRL.
I’ve mentioned licensing and frequency restrictions a bit, and you might be wondering…who on earth is responsible for all of this?
Well, that would be the Federal Communications Commission — better known as the FCC.
The FCC handles a lot, including commercial broadcasting, the internet, and pretty much everything radio. So, it shouldn’t surprise you that they also have a finger in the amateur radio pie.
Really, you’ll only ever need to interact with the FCC to get licensed and apply for any special permissions you might want to request. Other than that…they don’t pay too-too much attention to we lowly Hams.
That is unless you get reported for doing one of the no-nos of Ham that I’ll detail in a little bit.
There aren’t too many rules when it comes to Ham radio, but there are a few you need to be mindful of because they can carry some hefty fines, and some even come with criminal charges.
Don’t let that scare you, though. It is pretty dang hard to mess up bad enough that you’ll be reported to the FCC for investigation.
Most amateur operators will give you a warning if you make a mistake.
How Does Ham Radio Work?
Without giving you an entire degree in electrical engineering here, let’s talk in broad terms about how Ham radios work.
You’ll learn all this in much more detail if you choose to get your license so I won’t belabor it too much here.
Like any other radio, Ham radios use radio frequencies to transmit information.
What makes Ham different from something like, say, FM radio, is that pretty much everyone using it has both the power to transmit and receive.
The radio in your car, for instance, is only a receiver. It cannot send a signal — that’s what the radio station does.
Ham is, essentially, a much more powerful walkie-talkie. If you’re using a handheld radio or a car-mounted one, the device is capable of transmitting and receiving, all in one.
If you’re setting up a “ham shack” or a space that you operate from at your home, in an RV, or other non-mobile location…you might use a transmitter and a receiver separately, depending on your setup.
The important part is — you can send messages and receive them.
Ham radio can be used for local communication, but it also can be used to get far. Like, really far.
My personal best is that my dad, brother, and I have DX’d (that’s “identified a signal very far in origin” to you non-Hams) other operators in Russia from my home in California.
The International Space Station often has at least one Ham operator on board, and you can hit them when the conditions are right.
Talk about out of this world!
How you go about doing those things will depend a lot on the amount of power you’re transmitting with (which is regulated by the FCC), what the atmospheric conditions look like, what solar flares are doing, your local topography, using repeaters, and other factors.
You can dig into that more if you’re interested.
Dual-Band and Tri-Band
You might also hear the term “dual-band” or “tri-band” come up when you’re learning about amateur radios. It’s actually a really neat part of how ham radios operate!
As I mentioned above, different segments of the radio spectrum are called “bands.” A dual band radio can access two of these bands — namely VHF and UHF.
On the other hand, a tri-band radio can access an additional band, HF.
Honestly, if you’ve set up an internet router, you have experience with a dual-band system.
While amateur radio operates on different frequencies than Wi-Fi, both devices use two different sections of the radio spectrum to do their thing.
As a noob, a dual-band radio is all you need!
Duplex vs. Simplex
You might also hear the terms “duplex” and “simplex” come up. It is important to know the difference between these terms!
Simplex communication happens when both radios are transmitting and receiving on the same frequency.
It’s simple, you see? Often, this is just radio-to-radio communication.
Duplex is a little more complex. When duplex communication is happening, the radio is tuned to transmit on one frequency and receive on a (usually neighboring) frequency.
This is used very, very often when communicating using repeaters!
When duplex is being used radio-to-radio, it’s worth remembering that one of you will need to reverse which frequency they’re using to broadcast and receive. Otherwise, neither of you will hear anything!
While not every Ham attempts some crazy radio signal bouncing to go around the globe, pretty much every Ham is familiar with their local repeater…or at least, they should be.
If you’re like me, and tend to stick to a battery-powered, handheld radio…you’re not gonna get very far.
Sure, it’s great for talking directly to someone else in your caravan while traveling or keeping tabs on others at a large event, but you probably won’t make it too much further than line-of-sight without a repeater.
Want to know what’s going on in an emergency? Hit up the repeater.
Want to get to know other Hams in your community? Check the repeater.
Need to get a signal out from the affected area in a disaster and call for help? Repeater!
It’s right there in the name — a repeater repeats your signal, but uses its generally high location and significant transmitting power to fling your signal off into the great beyond where others can hear it.
If you live in a mountainous area, a repeater is a must, even to hop the signal short distances.
Like light waves, radio waves tend to like to go in straight lines. An object in the way can block your signal, so instead of going direct, you aim at a repeater and let it help you bend your signal around obstructions.
Every repeater will use dual-band systems to transmit and receive, so you’ll need to know what those frequencies are.
Luckily, there are resources like Repeater Book and CHIRP to help you figure that all out.
Ways to Use Ham Radio
So, you’ve got your basics, and you might still be wondering, “Well, why do I want to go through all the hassle of getting licensed when I can use a cell phone or a walkie-talkie?”
Well, you know that two is one, and one is none, so it’s always a good idea to have layers of redundancy. But also…Ham radio is fun!
Here are a few of the things you can use a Ham radio for!
Okay, duh. You know this, but I have to throw it in because I assume that this is what you’re most likely to use it for if you’re…here. On a gun blog.
As I mentioned above, DXing (from the shorthand code for “distance”) is the hobby of contacting operators over long distances. Many Ham operators collect postcards as proof of contacts.
Because signals can be so fleeting, some DXs may only consist of swapping call signs — unique, registered identification codes — and then looking up the other person later to pop a card in the mail for them.
Every licensed operator is searchable on a site called QRZ.com (pronounced Q-R-Zed).
Amateur Radio Direction Finding (ARDF)
If you want to combine Ham and hiking, ARDF contests are for you.
They’re also called “radio fox hunting” or “radio orienteering,” which should give you a pretty good idea about what you’re doing.
Competitors use a handheld radio, a topographic map, and some serious skill to find the location of three to five constantly broadcasting, low-powered transmitters and make their way to the finish area in the shortest time
Rapid Deployment of Amateur Radio (RaDAR)
This is a great radio sport to practice making contacts while mobile.
Also known as “Shack in a Sack” or SAIS, it more commonly appears by RaDAR, these days.
Operators have a four-hour window in which to set up their station, make five contacts, pack it all back up, move, and repeat the process.
The competitor with the most contacts at the end of the competition wins.
Telegraphy contests involve sending or receiving morse code messages, and as you can imagine — these involve plenty of speed!
Competitors are usually scored on the accuracy of transcriptions and the speed at which they can receive and copy down messages.
Ham Radio’s Role in Emergencies
Ham radio makes for extraordinarily useful comms in emergency situations because there are so many ways you can use it, including radio-to-radio (-to-radio-to-radio…) and as a part of a network, or Ham Net.
Amateur radio has long been used for passing on third-party messages, like emergency communications. It’s a proud tradition of ours.
In fact, the ARRL sprang up in 1914 as a membership group for amateur radio operators who wanted to be part of the chain to pass messages quickly across distances, making them useful for getting information out in the days before mass communication was possible.
In 1935, Amateur Radio Emergency Services (ARES) popped up to provide a more regulated group in which Hams could volunteer their services in emergency-management-related ways.
Later came the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) in 1952 — an alternative to Civil Defense radio networks, should the need arise.
Heck, up until GPS became more common, Ham operators on their commute played a vital role in the news stations’ traffic alerts!
Why does this all matter?
Because emergency management is a tricky, bureaucratic business.
Amateur radio operators are often some of the first people who can be “on the ground” behind first responders, setting up communication for monitoring conditions, contacting search groups, or scanning for distress signals, and more.
Many, many emergency responders are also Ham operators, because it’s just so dang useful. Members of RACES and ARES may also be registered as emergency/disaster workers under the law, allowing them to stay on and help.
Under normal circumstances, Ham operators cannot communicate with emergency management services and federal operations, such as the National Weather Service, the military, or FEMA. When a state of emergency is declared, these are the FCC regulations that allow any licensed Ham to pitch in:
- 47 CFR §97.111(a)(2) – Essential communication needs and to facilitate relief actions;
- 47 CFR §97.111(a)(3) – With another FCC-regulated service;
- 47 CFR §97.407(d)(1) – Public safety or national defense or security:
- 47 CFR §97.407(d)(2) – Immediate life safety, protection of property, law and order, human suffering/need, combatting of armed attack or sabotage; and
- 47 CFR §97.407(d)(3) – Public information or instructions in civil defense and relief.
Even if you can pitch in, you shouldn’t jump on the band unless you’re a part of the larger response.
Volunteers who aren’t a part of the formal communications network clutter the airwaves and make it harder for those working to do their jobs.
If you want to help out, I recommend registering ahead of time with RACES or ARES.
That doesn’t mean you’re not free to monitor the frequencies used by disaster management and benefit from the information they’re sharing, though!
Just don’t interfere — it’s a crime and can come with some hefty fines.
Now, onto how to become a Ham! There’s a little more to it than just poppin’ onto the ‘Zon and ordering a radio for Prime delivery.
In order to use Ham radio, you need proper licensing. (Or at least monitored by a licensed Ham, but let’s just talk about getting licensed.)
Getting your license isn’t all that difficult, but you will need to take a test, and for that, you’ll want to study.
First, let’s talk a little more about the classes of license available, and what they let you do.
As with other licenses, the higher the class of license you hold, the more privileges you get.
Currently, there are three license classes available:
- Amateur Extra
The first license you’ll receive is a Technician license, which grants you the most restrictive use of amateur radio bands.
You can further upgrade to your General class, and then your Amateur Extra class licenses for more privileges. But if you’re doing this for prepping reasons — all you need is your Tech license.
Your Tech license grants you access to every amateur radio frequency above 30 MHz, which means you’ll be able to communicate locally, and generally with other operators in North America.
You also have some limited permissions on HF bands, which allow for international transmitting.
In 2000, the FCC restructured the licensing classes from a total of six classes down to the three I just talked about.
Ultimately, this doesn’t really matter to you. But you should know that these classes did, at one point, exist, and you might run into people that still hold these licenses or mention them.
These classes are sometimes called “grandfathered” classes:
- Novice: Fewer privileges than Technician, mostly centered around morse code use.
- Technician Plus: The same as the modern tech class, but with a modifier indicating that the holder had passed a morse code proficiency test.
- Advanced: Basically the same as the General license, but with a few extra frequency privileges.
The Licensing Test
Now, down to the nitty-gritty! The licensing test…
I know it sounds spooky, but like I said — I passed it at age 11. My brother passed it at age 9 (and then went on to earn his General class license at age 12).
Thousands of scouts, young STEM enthusiasts, and other kids have also passed it. So, you’ve got this!
For your Tech license, you’ll need to answer 35 questions ranging from proper operating practices to radio theory, to regulations.
That means you’ll need to memorize the FCC regulations, how to properly use your radio (such as putting out calls or signing off), and a little bit of electrical engineering, how to build a radio station, and how radios work.
Don’t worry — there’s no math involved. In fact, you can even check out the official question pool here!
Most tests are administered by volunteer proctors through the ARRL. Back in the stone ages when I took the test, it was a paper test, but now you can even find them administered online!
To sign up for your test, check out the ARRL’s Test Search tool.
Do I need to know Morse code?
Once upon a time, you needed to know Morse code for a license. The Novice license, which was the lowest class, was exclusively based on Morse code.
As amateur radio moved away from Morse code as the main transmission method, it began disappearing as a requirement from certain classes. Finally, it retired completely in 2007.
So no, you don’t need to know Morse code.
Should you learn it? Heck yes!
It’s a phenomenal, logical system that can be represented visually, auditorily, and as a written language. I never tested for a class that required Morse code, but I still learned it and had lots of fun with it.
Here are some resources to help you learn Morse code, too!
Studying for the Test
You’ll need to prep a little bit for the test — and for using your radio once you’re licensed.
Luckily, it is easy and can even be free to study up!
If you learn best in classes, check out the ARRL’s Class Finder tool to see when classes happen in your area and sign up.
Books more your speed? Check out the ARRL’s recommended guides.
I also recommend checking out Ham Study for online learning — and don’t miss their round-up of resources!
Now that you’re all licensed…it’s time to get started. But what to do first?
Well, in my humble opinion, the first thing you’re going to want to do is shop around for your first radio (or two…or three).
I’ll leave some suggestions down below, but part of the fun is seeing what other people’s rigs look like!
Besides getting your radio, you’re going to want to get on the air and practice. It’s so easy to forget all the intricacies if you don’t regularly operate.
Look around to find your local repeaters and note down their frequencies so you can dial in.
See if there’s a local Ham club in your area, or find an online community to join on social media or forums.
Learn about Field Day and any other radio sport events that might happen around you.
Heck, you might even want to check to see about volunteer-based emergency response groups around you to lend your new skills to.
If you’re planning a space specifically for your Ham pursuits, you should also look into getting that set up and learning more about building your antenna.
Finally, I recommend printing off or memorizing some important information to make your experience better, like emergency radio frequencies and the amateur radio band plan.
What Not to Do
Anything illegal, obviously.
You’ll learn more about that when you study for your test, but some big no-nos include:
- Using Ham for any commercial purpose, including advertising
- Playing music
- Interfering with repeater equipment or communications
- Using explicit language
- Failing to identify yourself by your call sign
- Broadcasting without a license or allowing unlicensed people to use your rig without your supervision
- Use amateur radio to coordinate or commit criminal acts
- Operating outside your band or power permissions
Additionally, there are some etiquette protocols you should follow, especially if you don’t want to be “that guy” on your local repeater. Here are a few tips:
- When you change to a new frequency, listen in for a minute to make sure it isn’t in use.
- Ask if a frequency is open by identifying yourself and asking.
- Identifying yourself often, whenever asked, and when joining in on a new conversation.
- Never, ever, ever keying your mic or hitting your Push-to-Talk button when someone else is speaking or when not speaking yourself, because it will broadcast a noise.
- Not speaking over others.
- Checking in every so often when monitoring a frequency to identify yourself and announce that you are monitoring — Ham know their transmissions are public, but it’s polite to let them know you’re listening.
- Speaking clearly, slowly, and at a reasonable volume.
If you’re new, that can be a lot to remember. It’s easy to get excited and jump into a conversation. Sometimes, you will make mistakes.
Most Hams are pretty nice, though, and like seeing newcomers to the hobby.
We know it’s endangered and we want to show you the ropes. So, it’s worth being humble and asking lots of questions rather than assuming and getting it wrong.
You’ll see that most operators will want to talk your ear off if you do ask a question, so ask!
Best Ham Radios for Beginners
Now, let’s look at some radios I recommend to get started!
1. Baofeng UV-5R
Listen, if you’re going to pick up a radio from a long-dead survivalist who fell prey to zombies — it’s pretty much guaranteed to be a Baofeng UV-5R.
These little radios are freakin’ everywhere because they’re $25 a pop. At that price, you can outfit a whole squad for a couple of bennies.
Which, in my opinion, makes them a phenomenal first radio for a budding Ham.
Up is pretty much the only direction you can go from a Baofeng, but that’s not to say they’re bad radios.
Baofengs may have a name and a price tag that screams “Wish.com” but they’re actually adept, handy little radios with a number of features that make them seem much more expensive than they are — like a built-in flashlight.
It provides you with 4W of transmitting power, which is enough for most short-range applications (and hitting a nearby repeater).
I keep one on hand as a back-up radio in my car.
It’s never my first choice, but it’s always on hand. And it’s cheap enough that I’ll be angrier about my car window than the radio if someone wants to snatch it.
Prices accurate at time of writing
Prices accurate at time of writing
Want to learn more about this iconic Ham radio? Pop on over to How to Use a Baofeng UV-5R, where Aden shows you all the ins and outs of this lil guy!
2. Yaesu FT-65R
If you’re getting into amateur radio, you’re going to notice that you see a lot of Yaesu products.
And that’s because Yaesu is one of the best manufacturers of Ham radios out there. I trust them a lot.
The Yaesu FT-65R is a great, feature-rich handheld radio that won’t overwhelm a beginner. But it will give you what you need in a good radio.
I would rather recommend the FT-60R, but that one can be a little hard to find at times.
The FT-65R is still a great radio, though, offering 5W of transmitting power, which, again, is enough for a handheld.
It has an IP54 rating and the MIL-810-C,D and E standards for dust and water protection. In short, it’s pro-grade rugged.
You shouldn’t have to worry too much about it.
It uses a 1950 mAh Li-Ion battery pack, which gives you about nine hours of battery life per charge.
You can also get an upgraded pack that gives you 11.5 hours of charge, which is a major plus when it comes to “oh no, zombies ate all my neighbors” situations.
I also appreciate that it comes with a 3.5-hour rapid charger.
Another feature I think you’ll appreciate is that it is computer programmable. So, you can use software and a programming cable to handle plugging in all your channels that you want it to remember.
Prices accurate at time of writing
Prices accurate at time of writing
Have you used the Yaesu FT-65R? If so, let us know by rating it below!
3. Retevis RT82
The Retrevis RT82 is a budget-friendly option but with enough features that make it a stand out.
In addition to being water- and dust-proof (IP67 grade weatherproofing), it has GPS capability and a really cool “lone worker” feature that can send out a signal if you haven’t transmitted for a certain amount of time.
It functions in analog mode, which is your traditional Ham radio, but it also works in digital mode. This allows it to use GPS and send text messages to other digital radios.
So, this setup brings more options than just a straight Ham radio.
Not only does it have great squelch for clear audio, it also is computer programmable and comes with the programming cable. Which is not something you can say about every radio!
Prices accurate at time of writing
Prices accurate at time of writing
4. Yaesu VX-6R
Another Yaesu? You should have seen this coming when I told you that Yaesu’s were the Ham brand!
The Yaesu VX-6R has been around since 2005, which tells you a lot — both that it’s a great radio, and that Hams are a little fuddy-duddy when it comes to upgrades.
But really the reason the VX-6R has such staying power? Because it’s simple to use and offers tri-band (as opposed to dual-band) functionality.
Oh, and did I mention it comes in a super rugged and waterproof design? ‘Cuz yeah.
You have 10 channels of memory storage on a one-touch button, so you can pull up your favorite frequencies quickly.
It also can tap into the Emergency Automatic Identification (EAI) system, has a smart-scanning feature that will look for signals for you, and lets you monitor many emergency channels.
Powered by a 1400 mAh Li-Ion battery, it provides a battery-saving auto-off and Wake Up feature, so that your charge lasts longer.
Prices accurate at time of writing
Prices accurate at time of writing
Ham radio is an important tool essential in any modern prepper’s toolbox.
From handling emergencies, to staving off the zombie apocalypse, or just meeting new friends, ham radio offers a great way to stay prepared and enjoy some fun.
So, anyways…hopefully your eyes aren’t glazed over after all that and you have a good idea of your next steps if you want to become a Ham operator!
Whether you want to learn how to use amateur radio for prepping reasons only, or you’re interested in getting into the hobby — welcome! I hope you have a ton of fun with it.
KI6DIF, signing off. Clear on your final!
What aspects of amateur radio did you want to learn more about? Let us know in the comments! To learn about other radio systems, check out our Guide to 2-Way Radios.
1 Leave a Reply
Great round up of information on HAM radio communications possibilities. Thanks Allison.
PS Hope you also keep a couple radios in a Faraday cage or enclosure.


to Clear Channel Conferencing!
We pride ourselves in providing every client with crystal
clear audio conferencing and personalized customer service.
Our low cost structure allows us to guarantee you will not
find a lower price anywhere. In fact, we will match or beat
any competitors published rate if the product offering is
of equal value! Our conferencing bridges are located in diverse
geographical locations, and are all purchased from tier 1
carrier grade manufacturers.
Our Audio Conferencing services are all you need for productive,
informative remote conference calls across town or around
the globe. Audio Conference calling helps you to Share ideas,
information, and applications using audio. In the business
world, the benefits of audio conferencing are well known -
better quality of information, speedier decision making, reduced
costs of time and travel, and so on.We provide crystal clear
audio conferencing and personalized customer service.
Similarly, Web Conferencing services enable live meetings
online that are reliable and economical.It is the easiest
and most affordable communications platform for conducting
high-impact collaborative meetings, seminars and presentations
to help you stream line your sales, marketing, training and
Sign up today to hear the difference in quality!


If you want to be protected while browsing the internet, a VPN router is a requirement. You can use this to access the Internet from everywhere and stay confidential. But it is critical to know that there are some routers that happen to be better than others. In this greatest VPN routers review, we’re going look at 3 different models that many of us believe offer the best efficiency. Regardless of your finances, you’re sure to find some thing in this review that suits your needs.
While there are many different types of VPN routers on the market, a great VPN router will have some important features. Firstly, it may have zero-record policy, www.tellyupdatesonline.com/mobile/android/best-android-antivirus-keep-your-phone-secure/ which means that there is no-one to track what you’ve performed online. Second, it should own a good processor chip, as modern day VPN routers have Qualcomm dual-core processors and 1 GB of MEMORY. Some even come with built-in thumb drives and a UNIVERSAL SERIES BUS port.
Lastly, a good VPN router needs to have an excellent choice of speed. Should you be looking to enjoy uninterrupted internet and video gaming sessions, a router with by least 1625 Mbps is a good option. Although the 1. 3GHz processor isn’t suitable for streaming videos, is actually fast enough to handle multiple devices. That even offers dual-band support. Which means that you can use a single router with two or three products at the same time.


Something that frustrates many people in their homes is the strength of their modem Wi-Fi signal, which can keep dropping out or be very slow. If you have spoken to your ISP (internet service provider) and everything is okay with the line, there are things you can try to help improve the signal throughout your home. Below are some tips to try that may help you with your Wi-Fi signal and ensure it is as strong as possible in your home.
The Correct Location For Your Router
The placement of your router is essential to get the best signal in your home, and you will want to avoid having it where there are lots of other electronic devices. Electrical items create a magnetic field which can disrupt your signal, and you will wish to place the router in a central location of your home.
Check For Updates
You will also want to check for updates for your router, which can sometimes help improve the signal. There can be an update for the router or its firmware when you look, and you will need to use your web browser to access the router to check for these. You can click here to find out how to do this, and the advice will work for most makes and models of routers.
Try Switching Channels
Your router will often have multiple channels you can use for your signal and switching channels can sometimes improve the Wi-Fi signal. Most people leave their router to the default setting, which is usually either channel one of six, but swapping to a different channel can sometimes make a big difference.
Try Buying A Router
Many people stick to using the router they get from their ISP, and these are often not the best quality. If your signal is bad no matter what you do, try getting a new high-quality router and see if this makes a noticeable difference. You can click here to see some of the best routers you can get in 2022 to help you decide which one to buy.
Extend Your Signal
There are also products you can buy which can help boost the signal in your home, and you can consider getting a Wi-Fi repeater, also known as a booster or extender. These often use the electricity lines in your home to extend your router’s signal and improve it for when you are far away from it, such as upstairs.
These are a few of the things you can try when your internet signal is not good in your home, and if none of these options works, you may need to call in an expert.


[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
Software-defined networking (SDN) is an approach to computer networking that allows network administrators to programmatically initialize, control, change, and manage network behavior dynamically via open interfaces and abstraction of lower-level functionality. SDN is meant to address the fact that the static architecture of traditional networks doesn’t support the dynamic, scalable computing and storage needs of more modern computing environments such as data centers. This is done by decoupling or disassociating the system that makes decisions about where traffic is sent (the SDN controller, or control plane) from the underlying systems that forward traffic to the selected destination (the data plane).
SDN was commonly associated with the OpenFlow protocol (for remote communication with network plane elements for the purpose of determining the path of network packets across network switches) since the latter’s emergence in 2011. Since 2012, however, many companies have moved away from OpenFlow, and have embraced different techniques. These include Cisco Systems‘ Open Network Environment and Nicira‘s network virtualization platform.
|This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia’s quality standards, as it seems to deviate from the SDN development history as described in this source. (August 2015)|
|This section’s factual accuracy is disputed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
One of the first SDN projects was AT&T‘s GeoPlex. AT&T Labs Geoplex project members Michah Lerner, George Vanecek, Nino Vidovic, and Dado Vrsalovic leveraged the network APIs and dynamic aspects of the Java language as a means to implement middleware networks. “GeoPlex is not an operating system, nor does it attempt to compete with one. It is networking middleware that uses one or more operating systems running on computers, connected to the Internet. GeoPlex is a service platform that manages networks and on-line services. GeoPlex maps all of the IP network activities into one or more services.”
GeoPlex did not concern itself with operating systems running on networking hardware switches, and routers. AT&T wanted a “soft switch” that could reconfigure physical switches in the network and load them with new services from an operations support system (OSS). However, when provisioning services GeoPlex could not reach deeply into the physical devices to perform reconfiguration. The operating systems running on networked devices in the physical network therefore became a barrier to early SDN-like service delivery.
In 1998, Mark Medovich, a senior scientist of Sun Microsystems and Javasoft, left Sun to launch a Silicon Valley soft switch startup WebSprocket. Medovich designed a new network operating system, and an object oriented structured runtime model that could be modified by a networked compiler and class loader in real time. With this approach, applications could be written with Java threads that inherited WebSprocket kernel, network, and device classes and later modified by the networked compiler/class-loader. WebSprocket’s platform was designed such that devices had the ability to instantiate network stack(s), interfaces, and protocols as multiple threads.
In July 2000, WebSprocket released VMFoundry, the Java to bare metal structured runtime compiler, and VMServer, a networked device compiler/classloader application server. Custom networked devices were preloaded with images created by VMFoundry then deployed on the network and connected to VMServer via User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) services plane, which could proactively or reactively load or extend network protocol methods and classes on the target system. WebSprocket’s version of SDN, therefore was not confined to a set of limited actions managed by an SDN controller. Rather, WebSprocket’s “control plane” contained code that could change, override, extend, or enhance Network protocols on operating networked systems. Bill Yount (Stanford University Network) visited WebSprocket’s Sunnyvale lab to see a demonstration and expressed great enthusiasm about the entire concept, especially the VMServer (SDN Controller) and prophetically stated SDN (WebSprocket) as “10 years ahead of its time”. In Summer of 2000, Ericsson’s advanced network research engineers saw an immediate need and visited WebSprocket to design and architect features of a next generation soft switch thus taking first steps to build the world’s first commercial soft switch.
Sometime during 2000, the Gartner Group introduced the “Supranet“, the fusion of the physical and the digital (virtual) worlds as “internet of things,” and by October 2000 the Gartner Group selected WebSprocket as one of the top emerging technologies.
In early 2001, Ericsson and WebSprocket entered into a license contract to create the first commercial soft switch. An international consortium was formed to develop standards for the “Supranet”. In March 2001, Kurt Dewitt, Supranet Consortium Chairman and Business Development Director for Ericsson’s Data Broadband and Optical Networks Division, announced the selection of WebSprocket as the enabling technology of the Supranet Transaction Server (STS), a comprehensive framework to deliver any networked service.
In April and May 2001, Ohio State University and OARnet, collaboratively ran the first SDN test and developed the first practical SDN use case for Internet2. After successful completion of tests, OARnet issued the following statement on May 8, 2001:
“We have witnessed the successful first step to the fulfillment of smart, interoperable networks through the deployment of Supranet Transaction Server. A technology first was accomplished as a new set of instructions was dynamically transmitted across the network, changing the behavior of the requesting computer. There was no need to take down any part of the system and there was no interruption of service. Our testing will continue and we anticipate further advancement of the next generation Internet through our partnership with Websprocket” – Pankaj Shah (Managing Director, OARnet)
The telecom market deflated in 2001 and Ericsson’s soft switch development program came to an end, thus stalling the only known commercial SDN soft switch R&D effort at that time.
Software-defined networking was continued with work done in 2003 by Bob Burke and Zac Carman developing the Content Delivery Control Network patent application that eventually was issued as two US patents: 8,122,128 and 8,799,468. In this seminal inception, SDN, named service preference architecture (SPA) in their patent, was described as a collection of network embedded computing techniques used to control the operation of Network Elements, namely content servers, routers, switches and gateways, with the objective being to safeguard content from theft (P2P) or unwanted interception and to efficiently deliver content for paid services. CableLabs later specified Digital Cable and CableCARD using what we now know as SDN, which debuted in 2007. SDN was again moved ahead in work done at UC Berkeley and Stanford University around 2008.
The Open Networking Foundation was founded in 2011 to promote SDN and OpenFlow.
At the 2014 Interop and Tech Field Day, software-defined networking was demonstrated by Avaya using shortest path bridging and OpenStack as an automated campus, extending automation from the data center to the end device, removing manual provisioning from service delivery.
By 2016, some in the industry thought that SDN had become a meaningless marketing term.
Software-defined networking (SDN) is an architecture purporting to be dynamic, manageable, cost-effective, and adaptable, seeking to be suitable for the high-bandwidth, dynamic nature of today’s applications. SDN architectures decouple network control and forwarding functions, enabling network control to become directly programmable and the underlying infrastructure to be abstracted from applications and network services.
The OpenFlow protocol can be used in SDN technologies. The SDN architecture is:
- Directly programmable: Network control is directly programmable because it is decoupled from forwarding functions.
- Agile: Abstracting control from forwarding lets administrators dynamically adjust network-wide traffic flow to meet changing needs.
- Centrally managed: Network intelligence is (logically) centralized in software-based SDN controllers that maintain a global view of the network, which appears to applications and policy engines as a single, logical switch.
- Programmatically configured: SDN lets network managers configure, manage, secure, and optimize network resources very quickly via dynamic, automated SDN programs, which they can write themselves because the programs do not depend on proprietary software.
- Open standards-based and vendor-neutral: When implemented through open standards, SDN simplifies network design and operation because instructions are provided by SDN controllers instead of multiple, vendor-specific devices and protocols.
The need for a new network architecture
The explosion of mobile devices and content, server virtualization, and advent of cloud services are among the trends driving the networking industry to re-examine traditional network architectures. Many conventional networks are hierarchical, built with tiers of Ethernet switches arranged in a tree structure. This design made sense when client-server computing was dominant, but such a static architecture is ill-suited to the dynamic computing and storage needs of today’s enterprise data centers, campuses, and carrier environments. Some of the key computing trends driving the need for a new network paradigm include:
- Changing traffic patterns
- Within the enterprise data center, traffic patterns have changed significantly. In contrast to client-server applications where the bulk of the communication occurs between one client and one server, today’s applications access different databases and servers, creating a flurry of “east-west” machine-to-machine traffic before returning data to the end user device in the classic “north-south” traffic pattern. At the same time, users are changing network traffic patterns as they push for access to corporate content and applications from any type of device (including their own), connecting from anywhere, at any time. Finally, many enterprise data centers managers are contemplating a utility computing model, which might include a private cloud, public cloud, or some mix of both, resulting in additional traffic across the wide area network.
- The “consumerization of IT”
- Users are increasingly employing mobile personal devices such as smartphones, tablets, and notebooks to access the corporate network. IT is under pressure to accommodate these personal devices in a fine-grained manner while protecting corporate data and intellectual property and meeting compliance mandates.
- The rise of cloud services
- Enterprises have enthusiastically embraced both public and private cloud services, resulting in unprecedented growth of these services. Enterprise business units now want the agility to access applications, infrastructure, and other IT resources on demand and à la carte. To add to the complexity, IT’s planning for cloud services must be done in an environment of increased security, compliance, and auditing requirements, along with business reorganizations, consolidations, and mergers that can change assumptions overnight. Providing self-service provisioning, whether in a private or public cloud, requires elastic scaling of computing, storage, and network resources, ideally from a common viewpoint and with a common suite of tools.
- “Big data” means more bandwidth
- Handling today’s “big data” or mega datasets requires massive parallel processing on thousands of servers, all of which need direct connections to each other. The rise of mega datasets is fueling a constant demand for additional network capacity in the data center. Operators of hyperscale data center networks face the daunting task of scaling the network to previously unimaginable size, maintaining any-to-any connectivity without going broke.
The following list defines and explains the architectural components:
- SDN Application
- SDN Applications are programs that explicitly, directly, and programmatically communicate their network requirements and desired network behavior to the SDN Controller via a northbound interface (NBI). In addition they may consume an abstracted view of the network for their internal decision-making purposes. An SDN Application consists of one SDN Application Logic and one or more NBI Drivers. SDN Applications may themselves expose another layer of abstracted network control, thus offering one or more higher-level NBIs through respective NBI agents.
- SDN Controller
- The SDN Controller is a logically centralized entity in charge of translating the requirements from the SDN Application layer down to the SDN Datapaths and (ii) providing the SDN Applications with an abstract view of the network (which may include statistics and events). An SDN Controller consists of one or more NBI Agents, the SDN Control Logic, and the Control to Data-Plane Interface (CDPI) driver. Definition as a logically centralized entity neither prescribes nor precludes implementation details such as the federation of multiple controllers, the hierarchical connection of controllers, communication interfaces between controllers, nor virtualization or slicing of network resources.
- SDN Datapath
- The SDN Datapath is a logical network device that exposes visibility and uncontested control over its advertised forwarding and data processing capabilities. The logical representation may encompass all or a subset of the physical substrate resources. An SDN Datapath comprises a CDPI agent and a set of one or more traffic forwarding engines and zero or more traffic processing functions. These engines and functions may include simple forwarding between the datapath’s external interfaces or internal traffic processing or termination functions. One or more SDN Datapaths may be contained in a single (physical) network element—an integrated physical combination of communications resources, managed as a unit. An SDN Datapath may also be defined across multiple physical network elements. This logical definition neither prescribes nor precludes implementation details such as the logical to physical mapping, management of shared physical resources, virtualization or slicing of the SDN Datapath, interoperability with non-SDN networking, nor the data processing functionality, which can include OSI layer 4-7 functions.
- SDN Control to Data-Plane Interface (CDPI)
- The SDN CDPI is the interface defined between an SDN Controller and an SDN Datapath, which provides at least programmatic control of all forwarding operations, (ii) capabilities advertisement, (iii) statistics reporting, and (iv) event notification. One value of SDN lies in the expectation that the CDPI is implemented in an open, vendor-neutral and interoperable way.
- SDN Northbound Interfaces (NBI)
- SDN NBIs are interfaces between SDN Applications and SDN Controllers and typically provide abstract network views and enable direct expression of network behavior and requirements. This may occur at any level of abstraction (latitude) and across different sets of functionality (longitude). One value of SDN lies in the expectation that these interfaces are implemented in an open, vendor-neutral and interoperable way.
SDN Control Plane
- Centralized – Hierarchical – Distributed
The implementation of the SDN control plane can follow a centralized, hierarchical, or decentralized design. Initial SDN control plane proposals focused on a centralized solution, where a single control entity has a global view of the network. While this simplifies the implementation of the control logic, it has scalability limitations as the size and dynamics of the network increase. To overcome these limitations, several approaches have been proposed in the literature that fall into two categories, hierarchical and fully distributed approaches. In hierarchical solutions, distributed controllers operate on a partitioned network view, while decisions that require network-wide knowledge are taken by a logically centralized root controller. In distributed approaches, controllers operate on their local view or they may exchange synchronization messages to enhance their knowledge. Distributed solutions are more suitable for supporting adaptive SDN applications.
- Controller Placement
A key issue when designing a distributed SDN control plane is to decide on the number and placement of control entities. An important parameter to consider while doing so is the propagation delay between the controllers and the network devices, especially in the context of large networks. Other objectives that have been considered involve control path reliability, fault tolerance, and application requirements.
SDN flow forwarding(sdn)
- Proactive vs Reactive vs Hybrid
- OpenFlow uses TCAM tables to route packet sequences (flows). If flows arrive at a switch, a flow table lookup is performed. Depending on the flow table implementation this is done in a software flow table if a vSwitch is used or in an ASIC if it’s implemented in hardware. In the case when no matching flow is found a request to the controller for further instructions is sent. This is handled in one of three different modes. In reactive mode the controller acts after these requests and creates and installs a rule in the flow table for the corresponding packet if necessary. In proactive mode the controller populates flow table entries for all possible traffic matches possible for this switch in advance. This mode can be compared with typical routing table entries today, where all static entries are installed ahead of time. Following this no request is sent to the controller since all incoming flows will find a matching entry. A major advantage in proactive mode is that all packets are forwarded in line rate (considering all flow table entries in TCAM) and no delay is added. The third mode, hybrid mode, follows the flexibility of a reactive mode for a set of traffic and the low-latency forwarding (proactive mode) for the rest of the traffic.
Software-defined mobile networking (SDMN) is an approach to the design of mobile networks where all protocol-specific features are implemented in software, maximizing the use of generic and commodity hardware and software in both the core network and radio access network. It is proposed as an extension of SDN paradigm to incorporate mobile network specific functionalities.
An SD-WAN is a Wide Area Network (WAN) managed using the principles of software-defined networking. The main driver of SD-WAN is to lower WAN costs using less expensive leased lines, as an alternative or partial replacement of more expensive MPLS lines. Control and management is separated from the hardware, with central controllers allowing easier configuration and administration.
A SD-LAN is a Local area network (LAN) built around the principles of software-defined networking, though there are key differences in topology, network security, application visibility and control, management and quality of service. SD-LAN decouples control management, and data planes to enable a policy driven architecture for wired and wireless LANs. SD-LANs are characterized by their use of a cloud management system and wireless connectivity without the presence of a physical controller.
Security using the SDN paradigm
SDN architecture may enable, facilitate or enhance network-related security applications due to the controller’s central view of the network, and its capacity to reprogram the data plane at any time. While security of SDN architecture itself remains an open question that has already been studied a couple of times in the research community, the following paragraphs only focus on the security applications made possible or revisited using SDN.
Several research works on SDN have already investigated security applications built upon the SDN controller, with different aims in mind. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) detection and mitigation, as well as botnet and worm propagation, are some concrete use-cases of such applications: basically, the idea consists in periodically collecting network statistics from the forwarding plane of the network in a standardized manner (e.g. using Openflow), and then apply classification algorithms on those statistics in order to detect any network anomalies. If an anomaly is detected, the application instructs the controller how to reprogram the data plane in order to mitigate it.
Another kind of security application leverages the SDN controller by implementing some moving target defense (MTD) algorithms. MTD algorithms are typically used to make any attack on a given system or network more difficult than usual by periodically hiding or changing key properties of that system or network. In traditional networks, implementing MTD algorithms is not a trivial task since it is difficult to build a central authority able of determining – for each part of the system to be protected – which key properties are hid or changed. In an SDN network, such tasks become more straightforward thanks to the centrality of the controller. One application can for example periodically assign virtual IPs to hosts within the network, and the mapping virtual IP/real IP is then performed by the controller. Another application can simulate some fake opened/closed/filtered ports on random hosts in the network in order to add significant noise during reconnaissance phase (e.g. scanning) performed by an attacker.
Additional value regarding security in SDN enabled networks can also be gained using FlowVisor and FlowChecker respectively. The former tries to use a single hardware forwarding plane sharing multiple separated logical networks. Following this approach the same hardware resources can be used for production and development purposes as well as separating monitoring, configuration and internet traffic, where each scenario can have its own logical topology which is called slice. In conjunction with this approach FlowChecker realizes the validation of new OpenFlow rules that are deployed by users using their own slice.
SDN controller applications are mostly deployed in large-scale scenarios, which requires comprehensive checks of possible programming errors. A system to do this called NICE was described in 2012. Introducing an overarching security architecture requires a comprehensive and protracted approach to SDN. Since it was introduced, designers are looking at possible ways to secure SDN that do not compromise scalability. One architecture called SN-SECA (SDN+NFV) Security Architecture.
- Evangelos Haleplidis, Kostas Pentikousis, Spyros Denazis, Jamal Hadi Salim, David Meyer, Odysseas Koufopavlou, Software-Defined Networking (SDN): Layers and Architecture Terminology, RFC 7426, IETF, ISSN 2070-1721, January 2015.
- “Predicting SD-WAN Adoption”. gartner.com. 2015-12-15. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
- “The History of Java Technology”. Retrieved October 6, 2012.
- Sun Pegs Telecom with JTONE
- Sun facilitates Java use for public network operators
- “CERIAS : GeoPlex: Universal Service Platform for IP Network-based Services – 10/17/1997”. Cerias.purdue.edu. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- “Middleware Networks”. Dl.acm.org. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- “Design Automation of Supranet Systems: Benefits for Hardware Design and Bringup” (PDF). S3us-west-2.amazonaws.com. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- “Websprocket Announces VMServer – World’s First Proxy Java Virtual Machine; Enables 1,000’s of Connected Clients To Use Single Java Virtual Machine.”. Thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- “Installation Guide”. Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on February 4, 2002. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- “Top Emerging Technologies Announced During Gartner Symposium/ITxpo 2000; New Emerging Technologies Research Highlights Trends in Wearable Computing, Profiling and Privacy.”. Thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- “Websprocket Selected By Supranet Consortium to Enable the Internet With Smart Packet Technology; Platform Unifies Supranet Management Through Java and Oracle.”. Thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- “Software Defined Network SDN”. Scribd.com. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- “United States Patent: 8122128”. Patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- “United States Patent: 8799468”. Patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- “Prof. Scott Shenker – Gentle Introduction to Software-Defined Networking – Technion lecture”. YouTube. 2012-06-26. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
- “Interop 2014: Avaya to showcase Automated Campus part of SDN initiative”. Info Tech Lead. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
- “Avaya Software Defined Data Center”. Tech Field Day. Feb 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
- Elizabeth Miller Coyne (23 September 2016). “Huawei Exec: SDN’s Become a ‘Completely Meaningless Term'”. Light Reading. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
- “Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Definition”. Opennetworking.org. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- “White Papers”. Opennetworking.org. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- “SDN Architecture Overview” (PDF). Opennetworking.org. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- S.H. Yeganeh, Y. Ganjali, “Kandoo: A Framework for Efficient and Scalable Offloading of Control Applications,” proceedings of HotSDN, Helsinki, Finland, 2012.
- R. Ahmed, R. Boutaba, “Design considerations for managing wide area software defined networks,” Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 116–123, July 2014.
- T. Koponen et al, “Onix: A Distributed Control Platform for Large scale Production Networks,” proceedings USENIX, ser. OSDI’10, Vancouver, Canada, 2010.
- D. Tuncer, M. Charalambides, S. Clayman, G. Pavlou, “Adaptive Resource Management and Control in Software Defined Networks,” Network and Service Management, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 18–33, March 2015.
- B. Heller, R. Sherwood, and N. McKeown, “The Controller Placement Problem,” proceedings of HotSDN’12, 2012.
- Y.N. Hu, W.D. Wang, X.Y. Gong, X.R. Que, S.D. Cheng, “On the placement of controllers in software-defined networks,” Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, vol. 19, Supplement 2, no. 0, pp. 92 – 171, 2012.
- F.J. Ros, P.M. Ruiz, “Five nines of southbound reliability in software defined networks,” proceedings of HotSDN’14, 2014.
- D. Tuncer, M. Charalambides, S. Clayman, G. Pavlou, “On the Placement of Management and Control Functionality in Software Defined Networks,” proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Management of SDN and NFV Systems (ManSDN/NFV), Barcelona, Spain, November 2015.
- “OpenFlow: Proactive vs Reactive”. NetworkStatic.net. Retrieved 2014-07-01.
- “Reactive, Proactive, Predictive: SDN Models | F5 DevCentral”. Devcentral.f5.com. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
- Kostas Pentikousis, Yan Wang, Weihua Hu, MobileFlow: Toward Software-Defined Mobile Networks, Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 44–53, July 2013.
- Liyanage, Madhusanka (2015). Software Defined Mobile Networks (SDMN): Beyond LTE Network Architecture. UK: John Wiley. pp. 1–438. ISBN 978-1-118-90028-4.
- Jose Costa-Requena, Jesús Llorente Santos, Vicent Ferrer Guasch, Kimmo Ahokas, Gopika Premsankar, Sakari Luukkainen, Ijaz Ahmed, Madhusanka Liyanage, Mika Ylianttila, Oscar López Pérez, Mikel Uriarte Itzazelaia, Edgardo Montes de Oca, SDN and NFV Integration in Generalized Mobile Network Architecture , in Proc. of European Conference on Networks and Communications (EUCNC), Paris, France. June 2015.
- Madhusanka Liyanage, Mika Ylianttila, Andrei Gurtov, Securing the Control Channel of Software-Defined Mobile Networks , in Proc. of IEEE 15th International Symposium on World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), Sydney, Australia. June 2014.
- Haranas, Mark (8 October 2016). “16 Hot Networking Products Putting The Sizzle In SD-WAN”. CRN. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
- “SD-WAN: What it is and why you’ll use it one day”. networkworld.com. 2016-02-10. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
- Serries, William (12 September 2016). “SD-LAN et SD-WAN : Deux Approches Différentes pour le Software Defined Networking”. ZDNet. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
- Kerravala, Zeus (13 September 2016). “Aerohive Introduces the Software-defined LAN”. Network World. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
- Kreutz, Diego; Ramos, Fernando; Verissimo, Paulo (2013). “Towards secure and dependable software-defined networks”. Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Hot topics in software defined networking. pp. 50–60.
- Scott-Hayward, Sandra; O’Callaghan, Gemma; Sezer, Sakir (2013). “SDN security: A survey”. Future Networks and Services (SDN4FNS), 2013 IEEE SDN for. pp. 1–7.
- Benton, Kevin; Camp, L Jean; Small, Chris (2013). “Openflow vulnerability assessment”. Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Hot topics in software defined networking. pp. 151–152.
- Giotis, K; Argyropoulos, Christos; Androulidakis, Georgios; Kalogeras, Dimitrios; Maglaris, Vasilis (2014). “Combining OpenFlow and sFlow for an effective and scalable anomaly detection and mitigation mechanism on SDN environments”. Computer Networks. 62: 122–136.
- Braga, Rodrigo; Mota, Edjard; Passito, Alexandre (2010). “Lightweight DDoS flooding attack detection using NOX/OpenFlow”. Local Computer Networks (LCN), 2010 IEEE 35th Conference on. pp. 408–415.
- Feamster, Nick (2010). “Outsourcing home network security”. Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Home networks. pp. 37–42.
- Jin, Ruofan & Wang, Bing (2013). “Malware detection for mobile devices using software-defined networking”. Research and Educational Experiment Workshop (GREE), 2013 Second GENI. 81-88.
- Jafarian, Jafar Haadi; Al-Shaer, Ehab; Duan, Qi (2012). “Openflow random host mutation: transparent moving target defense using software defined networking”. Proceedings of the first workshop on Hot topics in software defined networks. pp. 127–132.
- Kampanakis, Panos; Perros, Harry; Beyene, Tsegereda. SDN-based solutions for Moving Target Defense network protection (PDF). Retrieved 23 July 2014.
- Sherwood, Rob; Gibb, Glen; Yap, Kok-Kiong; Appenzeller, Guido; Casado, Martin; McKeown, Nick; Parulkar, Guru (2009). “Flowvisor: A network virtualization layer”. OpenFlow Switch Consortium, Tech. Rep.
- Al-Shaer, Ehab & Al-Haj, Saeed (2010). “FlowChecker: Configuration analysis and verification of federated OpenFlow infrastructures”. Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Assurable and usable security configuration. pp. 37–44.
- Canini, Marco; Venzano, Daniele; Peresini, Peter; Kostic, Dejan; Rexford, Jennifer; et al. (2012). A NICE Way to Test OpenFlow Applications. NSDI. pp. 127–140.
- Bernardo and Chua (2015). Introduction and Analysis of SDN and NFV Security Architecture (SA-SECA). 29th IEEE AINA 2015. pp. 796–801.
- Open Networking Foundation’s definition of SDN
- Coursera Course on SDN, by Nick Feamster
- OpenFlow-enabled SDN and Network Functions Virtualization
- SDN Security Considerations in the Data Center
- Floodlight, an open source Java based OpenFlow controller
- Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
- Decoding SDN
- Software-defined networking (SDN) for the non-technical
- Operational Opportunities and Challenges of SDN/NFV Programmable Infrastructure – a report from the ATIS Technology and Operations Council
- What is Software Defined Networking – an introduction
- Cherry, an open source OpenFlow controller written in Go
- Faucet, an open source OpenFlow controller written in Python based on Ryu for Production networks


Back in the late ’70s as a teenager I watched my father “tinker” with electronics and audio equipment. From this point onwards technology has always been an interest and a passion. This translated to owning and operating a distribution business over a period of 14 years, that offered the latest technical solutions to industry in the field of a machine to machine communications and networking.
There is nothing more rewarding than to see your solution being applied as it solves a technical problem.
The market had changed considerably from the first 5 port Ethernet switch we sold to what is achievable today such as Cloud Computing Artificial Intelligence, Data Analytics, Machine learning, Cyber Security and Connected I/O. And there is more to come…
Built on close to 30 years of expertise in delivering network solutions to the Industrial Communication sector, I recognize that such rapid advancements in technology require knowledge gained over these years in how best to apply, support, implement by cultivating trust and loyalty with our customers.
My vision for slaData is to offer, Tomorrow’s technology delivered today!


When I see people talk about the best paying jobs in telecommunications equipment. I am not surprised because telecommunications equipment manufacturing is one of the most in-demand and best-paying jobs in the industry.
This post will outline very well all you need to know about the best paying jobs in telecommunications equipment.
Table of Contents.
- What you need to know about telecommunications equipment
- Wireless technicians and installers
- Fiber optics engineers
- Data scientists
- Network Antenna Engineer
- Site reliability engineers
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The median annual wage for telecommunications equipment manufacturing workers is $76,580. The top earners in the field can make over $130,000 per year.
Read more from my blog
There are several reasons why telecommunications equipment manufacturing is one of the best paying jobs in the industry.
First, telecommunications equipment is used in a wide variety of industries, both large and small. This means that there is always demand for new products and upgrades.
Second, telecommunications equipment manufacturing is a technology-based industry. This means that workers are constantly needed.
What you need to know about telecommunication equipment
Firstly what is telecommunications equipment? Telecommunications equipment falls into two general categories: voice and data. Voice transmission is the process of carrying voice signals over a telecommunications network. Data transmission is the process of conveying information using electrical and/or optical signals.
The telecommunications industry is constantly evolving and changing. Which means that the equipment used to transmit and receive signals must be constantly updated as well.
This is why telecommunications equipment is always evolving. And new and improved technologies are constantly being developed.
One of the most important factors in the success of a telecommunications network is. The quality of the signals that are being transmitted. Quality assurance is a key part of ensuring the quality of the signals that are being transferred. Though I know many of you guys must have already known all these. But it is an important topic when discussing the best paying jobs in telecommunication equipment. So let’s get straight to the best jobs in telecommunication equipment.
5 Best Paying Jobs in telecommunications equipment
Now let’s go fully to these best paying jobs in the telecommunications equipment industry.
1. Wireless Technician and installers
A Wireless Technician is a professional who helps maintain and operate wireless networks. They typically work in settings such as offices, schools, and hospitals.
Wireless technicians are responsible for troubleshooting. And resolving network issues, as well as installing, maintaining, and troubleshooting wireless networks.
Wireless technicians are essential in today’s world. They are responsible for ensuring that companies and individuals have access to the internet and other wireless networks. Wireless technicians are also responsible for ensuring that networks are secure. And that users can connect to the networks they are supposed to.
Many people think of wireless technicians as people who install and maintain wireless routers and other networking devices. But is far more than that, is a very huge industry.
That’s why I made it my first job among these best paying jobs in the telecommunications equipment industry.
2. Fiber optics engineers
Fiber optics technicians are responsible for installing and maintaining fiber optic networks. They must know about optical fiber technology. As well as fiber optic installation and maintenance. They must also be able to troubleshoot fiber optic systems.
3. Data scientists
Data scientists are the third-best paying job in telecommunications equipment. They are responsible for understanding and extracting insights from data. To make informed decisions. They use a variety of techniques to assess data and come up with solutions.
Some common tasks for data scientists include:
Analyzing data to understand its meaning and how it can be used to improve business decisions.
Creating models to make predictions and understand how different factors interact.
Developing dashboards and other tools to help managers and analysts understand data.
Creating reports and analyses to share insights with others.
Data scientists typically have a graduate degree in statistics, mathematics, computer science, or a related field.
4. Network Antenna Engineer
The next work in best paying job in telecommunications equipment is antenna Engineer. An antenna engineer is a professional who designs and installs antennas for telecommunications and other applications. They may work for a telecommunications company, a research institution, or a private company. It’s for their benefit to know about electrical engineering, radio engineering, and antenna theory. Also be knowledgeable in antenna construction and installation, testing, and troubleshooting.
5. Site reliability engineers
Site reliability engineers (SREs) are responsible for ensuring the reliability of a website. This includes ensuring that the website can handle large amounts of traffic. Staying online during blackouts and other outages, and maintaining the website’s overall stability.
SREs work with web developers, system administrators. And other staff to ensure that the website is built to withstand unexpected disruptions. They also work with website operators to identify and fix problems quickly.
SREs are vital to the success of online businesses. By ensuring that websites are reliable and accessible. They help businesses attract more customers and keep them loyal.
Benefits of working in the telecommunications equipment industry
Before we summarize this article I will also like to highlight. Some Importance or benefits of working in the telecommunications equipment industry.
1. Increased ability to communicate
Working in the telecommunications industry can increase the ability to communicate. In addition to greater communication, the industry also offers several other benefits. Which can help protect customers’ privacy and security.
2. Telecommunications industry also boosts flexibility in your workplace.
3. Telecommunications industry also reduces or saves time and cost. Which should be spent on normal transportation to convey messages manually.
Summary of best-paying jobs in the telecommunications equipment industry
So I have listed these jobs above. There are numerous jobs in the telecommunications industry but I highlighted only these five best-paying jobs. If you need more best jobs in the telecommunications equipment industry drop a comment below to bring it to my knowledge. We will quickly make more posts about it because that’s what we do on our site. All about employment and job opportunities.
Thanks for visiting our blog make sure to like our post and share it with your friends it can be of help to someone.


Now you can make your Desktop Computer / Laptop a WiFi Hotspot. Which 'll allow your other devices containing WiFi technology to connect with Internet with WiFi without Router.
For Example: If you use internet connection n having no wireless connectivity device or facility like Router to use internet with Wifi on ur cell phones, laptops n other devices then you can use this simple method to make ur own system as router (which 'll throw internet signals in air n the devices containing Wifi capability 'll be able to use those internet singals)
Just Follow these below simple steps to Turn your Laptop into a Wireless Access point.
1. Open Command Prompt as Administrator
You can open it by pressing Win+X and select Command Prompt (Admin) from the given list.
2. Type the following command in green colour to check if you have a supported wireless device or not.
netsh wlan show drivers
3. If yes, then type the following command one by one (press enter after every command) to set wireless parameters such as SSID, and passcode, and start the service
netsh wlan set hostednetwork mode=allow ssid=myssid key=password
- Replace myssid and password with your own choice (password must be atleast consist of 8 characters).
- Then Type the Following Command
netsh wlan start hostednetwork
4. Turn on Internet Connection Sharing on the network adaptor that has the access to the Internet.
By Going to Control Panel >>>> Network & Internet >>>> Network Connections.
Right click the connection by which you are now connected to Internet and go to properties.
Turn on the option "Allow other network users to connect through this computer’s Internet connection" under Sharing tab. Make sure to pick the enabled Wireless virtual adaptor as the Home networking connection.
5. Now press Ok...
- You are Done...!!! Enjoy Wireless connectivity on other devices also :)
- If you find any problem then do not hesitate to comment below. I 'll surely help you as soon as possible.


We have joined forces with Businesscoms, a leading provider of unified communications in the East Anglia region, to provide a range of high quality business class managed telecommunications services in the city of Norwich.
With their head office in Peterborough Businesscoms Consultancy Ltd is a well established brand with a strong local presence, delivering best-value services to businesses.
Businesscoms launched in 2009 during the recession offering businesses savings and improvements on their telecommunications needs and established their 24x7x365 engineering team in 2011. Their Vision is now to be "The Best Telecoms Company".
With accreditations from Splicecom and the Green Accreditation, Businesscoms offers true consultancy across all communications requirements and are proud of their ability to deliver significant ROI for their customers through the improvements they deploy.
Businesscoms provides a range of communication solutions to businesses, including cloud computing, fixed line and mobile services and IP hybrid phone systems.
"This is a new approach for MLL Telecom. The partnership is part of our ongoing mission to deliver secure, cost-effective and high quality connectivity for the UK's fast growing digital economy and fortifies our commitment to the region of East Anglia," states Gary Marven, CEO, MLL Telecom.
For more information on Businesscoms and their products and services please visit their website.