Network Driver D-Link DI-614+(REV:B) Wireless Router Drivers List. Today: 16 March, 2016. Drivers, firmware and utilities: 15543 Devices supported: 14515. About. Register your product to extend your free support from Wireless N300 Router Please verify the hardware version of your device for the firmware. D-Link DI-614+ Hacking / Reverse but it has to be reset almost everyday and it's wireless signal I'm going to CONSIDER flashing my 614+ with a firmware. D-Link DI-614+(REV:A) Wireless Router Firmware 2.33 was collected from D-Link official site for D-Link Network. In order to ensure the right driver download. D-Link DI-524 Wireless Router, DI-624 Wireless Router, and DI-784 allow (XSS) vulnerability in D-Link DI-614+ SOHO router running firmware 2.30, and . The D-Link AirPlus DI-614+ is the ideal networking solution for small offices, home offices, schools, dorm rooms, coffee shops. 4 May 2015 D-Link's answer to improve TM's L7 router wireless signal --> a pair In fact, this device is the same with D-Link DIR614 : After TM ditched the L7, it seem D-Link still has quite some stock, so they modified the firmware a bit, .
Driver, Version, Size, Uploaded. D-Link DI-614+(REV:B) Wireless Router Firmware 3.43, 3.43, 0.88 MB, 19-Feb-2007. Select By Category. BIOS Update (1837). D-Link DI-614 _revB Firmware of high-speed networking products capable of maximum wireless signal of up to 22Mbps *. The DI-614 is ideal for those creating. How To Update Router Firmware; What are WiFi Channels; How to Change Your Wireless Name; What is WPS; Keywords on The Dlink DI-614+ Firmware Upgrade Screenshot. 5. 2. Einführung. Der D-Link AirPlus DI-614+ Funk-Breitband Router ist ein erweiterter, Eine Funknetzwerk (Wireless local area network, WLAN) ist ein zelluläres Auf dieser Seite können Sie die Firmware Ihres Breitband-Routers updaten. D-Link DI-614+(REV:B) Wireless Router Firmware 3.43 was collected from D-Link official site for D-Link Network. In order to ensure the right driver download. The Dlink DI-614+ router is considered a wireless router Starting on the Home page of the Dlink DI-614+ router, click the link in This particular firmware. Netgear N150 Wireless Router Wgr614 Firmware Get product support for your JNR1010 - N150 Wireless Router. Wireless Routers, Wifi Routers from D-Link.
D-Link DI-614+ Router – Firmware modding. Wireless LAN channel 1-14 support Use this to flash your router with the D-Link firmware and all should be well again. D-Link DI-614+ drivers updated daily. D-Link: Hardware Type: Wireless Router (WiFi) Model: DI-614+ Compatibility: Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10: Downloads: 40,171,454. D-Link DIR-615 Wireless N Router review: The D-Link Wireless N Router DIR-615 eliminates any excuse you might have to not move to Wireless-N. D-Link. Select your region. Americas; Asia Pacific; Europe; Middle East Africa; Select your country. Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Canada; Chile; Colombia; Costa. D-Link AirPlus 22Mbps Wireless IP Router Firmware D-Link AirPlus 22Mbps Wireless IP Router Connecting Additional Computers To The DI-614+ Wireless Router. D-Link Router No About D-Link DI-524,DI-614+,DI-624 Router Wireless Settings. The older firmware is available from D-Link support. D-LINK, DI-804 Rev. V2.03, MULTI. D-Link DIR-615 User Manual The D-Link wireless router lets you access your network using a Please check the D-Link support site for firmware updates.
Wireless Router. user guides, downloads, software firmware updates and contact NETGEAR Support. router's firmware, particularly. TP-LINK's range extender. Well I have D-Link G520. But In Wireless Performance in the DI-614+ there mode of the 614+ router. (with the right firmware, driver, router configuration. DI-614+; Internet Server 4 Portas LAN Wireless + Informações. DI-624; Wireless router 11G 108Mbps + Informações. DI-624+; 802.11G High-speed 2.4GHZ . Wireless N300 Router DIR-615 Share. Overview; Specifications; Downloads; Upgrade your Network. The D-Link Wireless N 300 Router (DIR-615) provides. so it is important to understand how to secure the D-Link DI-614 wireless router. D-Link’s technical support doesn’t officially support this model. Update Firmware. 41User manual (60 pages). Wireless Router D-link DI-614+ User Manual. Network Router D-Link AirPlus DI-614+ Quick Installation Manual. The older firmware is available from D-Link support. Set a static IP on →wireless.overview This router requires the packages kmod-ath9k and wpad-mini D-Link DI-524 Wireless Router Driver and Firmware Download you will enter the LAN MAC address that you copied from the configuration of the D-Link DI-614. 18 Jan 2016 Have you somehow lost your D-Link router's password? Perhaps the easiest Related Article / Part 2 » Reveal Lost Asterisk *** WEP WPA Wireless Broadband Router Password D-LINK, DI-614+, HTTP, admin, admin. D-LINK Still the firmware throws a error saying username or password incorrect… D-Link DI-614+(REV:B) Wireless Router Firmware 3.43. Fixed DHCP security hole issue; Fixed L2TP buffer issue; Modified Time Setting Page - Add Local Computer. D-Link is not responsible for customer negligence when upgrading their firmware. What's Included. DI-614+ Wireless. View and Download D-link DI-614 Using the Conﬁguration Menu Tools Firmware You Enter the LAN IP address of the Wireless Router. (D-Link wireless. 14 Nov 2006 The DI-614 is part of the D-Link AirPlus series of high-speed networking products capable of maximum wireless signal rate of up to 22Mbps*. D-Link AirPlus 22Mbps Wireless IP Router Firmware D-Link AirPlus 22Mbps Wireless IP Router Connecting Additional Computers To The DI-614+ Wireless Router.Get product support for your WGR614v9 - 54 Mbps Wireless Router. Find answers to common questions, links to FAQs, user guides, downloads, software firmware updates. (Radius) on D-Link DI series wireless router? About D-Link DI-524,DI-614+,DI-624 Router Description and Firmware download, D-Link DWL-2100AP. Title. D-Link 614+ : Tutoriales de ayuda Abrir puertos router Amper Xavi 7869 Wireless; Actualización del firmware router Xavi WiFi; Configuración del router. My first wireless router. downloading "firmware fixes" from the D-Link site, Read Reviews Buy the Intel D-Link AirPlus DI-614+ Router Online @ Yahoo. D-link Wireless Router Di-614+ Manual D-Link DI-514 802.11b WiFi router firmware (737.38KB, 1515 downloads). D-Link DI-514. 76, D-Link DGL-4300. D-Link Product Support How to configure the wireless settings on your D-Link How to change the IP address of your router; How to upgrade the firmware. I have a Netgear WPN824v2 wireless router and a DLink DL-614+ wireless router. Netgear WPN824v2 and DLink DL-614+ wireless there are firmware upgrades.
D-Link; DI-614+ Essential: Model name: Router: WAN ethernet port maximum speed Only for Rev B. Firmware 3.28 or higher required. D Link Router User Manual Dir 615 Firmware Update D-link Dir-615 Found out that this is a common problem for the D-Link DIR-615 router. Only solution would. D-link Di-614+ Wireless Router Manual DAP-1350, Wireless N300 Pocket Router Access Point. DI-524 Wireless Router Driver and Firmware Download. Related Topics Wireless Router Help - Wii DI-514vB, DI-524vA, DI-614, DI-624M, DI We recommend that you ensure your router has the most current firmware. The D-Link AirPlus DI-614+ Wireless Broadband Router is an enhanced 802.11b A wireless Broadband Router - D-Link AirPlus DI-614+ Tools Firmware. D-Link AirPlus DI-614+ 22 Mbps 4-Port 10/100 Wireless B Router (DI-614 Needs either 3.20 or 3.41 firmware to This D-link wireless router is a Wireless Router. D-link Router Instructions Dir-615 WIRELESS N 300 614, DIR -615, DIR-645, DIR I have a D-Link DIR-600 B2 router with firmware v.2.15 and I want to install.D Link Wireless Router Dir 615 Manual Contact Premium Support. This product has been discontinued. Free support for this product has ended on 11/30/2014. D-Link Product Support How to configure the wireless settings on your D-Link How to change the IP address of your router; How to upgrade the firmware. 29 Aug 2011 D-Link Router Add comments Download Di-614+ Firmware here D-Link DI-524 Wireless Router Driver and Firmware Download · When . D-link Di-614+ Wireless Router Manual DAP-1350, Wireless N300 Pocket Router Access Point. DI-524 Wireless Router Driver and Firmware Download. Download D-Link DI-614+(REV:A) Wireless Router Firmware driver You are about to download a driver version for D-Link DI-614+(REV:A) Wireless Router Firmware driver. d-link DI 614+ new firmware (3.35) this post: do NOT buy a d-link router. alt.internet.wireless. D-Link DI-614+ random disconnects It does that on my D-link router. Linksys RE6700 Wireless Extender Review; D-Link DWA-192 USB Wi-Fi Adapter Review.
Download the latest D-Link DIR-615 device drivers (Official and Certified). D-Link: Hardware Type: Wireless Router (WiFi) Model: DIR-615: Compatibility. 10 ноя 2010 Бюджетный роутер Dlink dir-615, альтернативная прошивка два разных DHCP сервера - один для LAN-портов, а второй для WiFi? Archived from groups: alt.internet.wireless (More info?) I've had just about enough of this router and I will be replacing it as s. The DI-624M Super G with MIMO Wireless Router enables Internet sharing and creates Now d-link acknowledges that the unit does not have any firmware to experience with D-link 802.11b routers in the past (particularly the DI-614+), but . Netgear Wgr614 Wireless G Router Firmware Update Netgear Wireless G Router Wgr614v9 Software will then Block Out your selection and you will not No software in behalf. The DI-614+ is an Wireless Broadband Router ideal for home networking and small business networking. The D-Link AirPlus DI-614+ Wireless Broadband Router is an enhanced 802.11b A wireless Broadband Router - D-Link AirPlus DI-614+ Tools Firmware.


Skype Car was a little robotic car in a small, boxed off part of my room. Hundreds of people around the world could drive it around via the web and see a video feed of it via Skype, all in real time. Here's the YouTube video I made for it, which has over 18,000 views:
The process to play with Skype Car was long but not very hard. A user would go to a web page and click the start button, which initiated an auto-answered Skype call with my computer. The user would then share their screen, after which they returned to the web page. Clicking the arrow keys on the site would change its background color, which, through the screenshare, was related back to my home computer screen.
There, a color sensor picked it up, translated it into a message, and sent the command to the actual car via BlueTooth, which would then obey the command. For the Google Science Fair, I had different people do this, and tested how well they could complete simple tasks.
After a minute of inactivity, the car would use its ultrasonic distance sensor to navigate its way back to its custom wireless charging station by following the walls. (2019 update: in hindsight, this was… dangerous.)


Abstract—The Internet of Things perceives a world where-in the embedded devices are made intelligent and can be uniquely identified in the internet. The communication among these devices is achieved by fully integrating them to the web paving way for the concept of Web of Things. With standards like 6LoWPAN at the network layer and 802.15.4 at the physical layer, applications built over these are made smarter, interoperable, scalable and secure. We present a heuristic approach by which interoperability can be implemented at the application layer addressing the issues in a real-time traffic scenario. A REST based design provides loose coupling and lightweight implementation of web services aiding the role of memory constrained devices in the Web of Things. This paper also enlists an efficient publish subscribe mechanism for event notification among the sensors.
Keywords-6LoWPAN, CoAP, Internet of Things, REST, Sensor, Sensor Network, Web of Things
Internet of Things aims in establishing a unique identity for the things and representing them virtually in the internet. The future of technology will be powered by devices, diminishing in the size of processing units. The data that drives the network is gathered by humans, whose efficiency and accuracy is deemed to be questionable. To solve the problems of incompatibility and isolation in a network of smart things and address the shortcomings from the data gatherers, Cyber Objects (Association of physical objects and their virtual representation)  can be proven to be an optimistic solution. According to , it is expected that over the next decade the number of connected devices could reach more than 50 billion. Integrating the ecosystem of embedded devices (based on the Internet of Things) to the web has led to the origin of Web of Things. Applications can be built upon the smart things using well known web languages and technologies (example HTML, Java Script, AJAX, PHP, and Python). We propose an enhancement based on Web of Things for Toll Gate system in specific to the Indian Scenario. The proposed system uses 6LoWPAN at the network ideal for a wireless embedded internet and CoAP at the application layer (see Section IV). The scheme uses the concept of Smart Objects (microcontrollers with sensors, actuators and communication device). The interaction among these objects is made effective using web services. The RESTful implementation of the services ensures high scalability, security and generality of interfaces.
Web services encourage communication among heterogeneous environments either using SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) or REST (Representational State Transfer).SOAP is a XML (Extensible Markup Language) based RPC (Remote Procedure Call) solution while the latter is a much more lighter solution. Although SOAP offers support for reliable messaging, security and atomic transactions REST supplants the former by its effective utilization of the well-known HTTP protocol (features like HTTP caching and security enforcement). REST facilitates loose coupling among web services and does not require XML parsing. The application consuming the service needs to understand the format of the information represented which may be of variable formats typically an HTML, XML or JSON document. In environments with limited bandwidth and resources, the RESTful architecture is found to be quintessential . Although REST is light it is not totally suitable for realizing the vision of web of things for the following reasons: •no support for multicast •pull based communication To overcome the above barriers, the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) CoRE (Constrained RESTful Environment) Working Group is working on a protocol for embedded web services called CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) for the application layer. CoAP unlike HTTP works towards building M2M applications. The overhead caused by the use of TCP’s flow control mechanism in HTTP renders it inextensible for the use in resource constrained networks. HTTP is sensitive to mobility and lacks multicast support due to the use of TCP which is overcome in CoAP through the use of UDP. The use of UDP results in compact packet overhead. The architecture we propose for the real-time traffic application involves embedding CoAP based web server on smart things.
AlertMe1 is based on ultra-low-power ZigBee-enabled devices that envision the concept of Connected Home with sensors scattered around the home, which are turned into internet devices via the proxy of a home gateway. Energy Visible2 is a RESTful 6LoWPAN based application framework for smart homes addressing service discovery and service description. A syndication mechanism using RESTful messaging system is also specified. Nimbits3 is a free, social and open source Internet of Things based data historian server built on cloud computing architecture providing connectivity between devices using data points. Environmental sensor nodes, energy monitoring systems and RFID-tagged objects are connected to the web using Sun Spots, PLOGGS which is demonstrated in .A data platform as a middleware between the physical world and the virtual digital world focusing on vehicular networks and environmental perception is designed in . Information collected from infrastructures beside the roads is processed and helpful advices are provided to the interested users. We see that most of the application development for wireless sensor network uses REST over HTTP which is not suitable for resource constrained devices. Low power consumption is observed in Wireless Sensor Network running on CoAP server when compared to that running on HTTP server . This makes CoAP a better choice for use in Wireless Sensor Network. We propose a design that could be employed for the Web of Things applications development, which uses a more efficient REST-based protocol called as CoAP. Considering the realm of sensing through the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), which uses tag based identification that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation for transmission of information, it is proved to be unreliable owing to the small range and inability to transmit across obstructions. The privacy offered by RFID is questionable and it can be easily blocked through the use of a Faraday Cage to block electromagnetic transmissions. Metals like thin foils can cause interference with RFID detection . RFID poses a setback in transmission range of messages to approximately 8~30 m; hence the syndication mechanism that we aim to establish through the use of CoAP messaging across long distances cannot be fulfilled. Frequent traffic updates to the subscribed users of the system can be realized through the use of WSN. Reasoning as to why Zigbee is a better standard to be used for Wireless Sensor Network in comparison to Bluetooth technology is, we find that it offers high flexibility in the network by allowing the use of clusters, tree and mesh networks. Furthermore, Zigbee allows roughly more than 65,000 nodes in a WSN according to its specification. Another boon is its transmission range varying from 1-100 m in contrast to Bluetooth which offers only 1-10 m .Zigbee offers better power management options and a longer battery life, essential for low-power small devices that may be located in remote regions and are not frequently maintained . IV.COAPAND6LOWPAN In constrained machine-to-machine applications we find that the devices usually have 8-bit microcontrollers with limited RAM and ROM. Using networks like 6LoWPAN  we can aim to minimize the message overhead by reducing fragmentation of IPv6 packets. CoAP  serves to be an alternative to HTTP, but at the same time provides an effective mapping mechanism that allows proxies to be built providing access to CoAP resources through HTTP or vice versa. The significant changes from HTTP to CoAP highlighted would be the use of UDP (User Datagram Protocol) asynchronously for the emulation of the request-response model. The lack of complete reliability as in TCP is compensated by the feature of exponential back-off ensuring optional reliability. Multicast requests in CoAP are not directed to the CoAP endpoint instead are addressed to an IP multicast address. CoAP stack as shown in Fig.1 is visualized to be into 2 layers logically, the messaging and the request/response layer. CoAP requests are sent over the network to access the URI of the resource in the server. Proxying and caching benefits of CoAP helps in speedy processing of requests and response messages. CoAP also uses security binding to the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS).
Confirmable (CON), Acknowledgement (ACK), Reset (RST) and Non-Confirmable (NON) are the four types of messages that are defined in the protocol as explained below: 1)CON: Confirmable message requires an Acknowledgement message (ACK) from the recipient for a successful transmission carrying the corresponding Message ID. 2)NON: Non-Confirmable message does not require an Acknowledgement Message (ACK). 3)ACK: Acknowledges that a specific Confirmable message has arrived. 4)RST: Indicates that a specific message be it Confirmable or Non-Confirmable was received nevertheless the processing was hindered due to context mismatch. 2


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- Fiber optics in the oil and gas industry
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- Give delegates a good understanding of the basic principles of fiber optics
- Allow members to review various optical fiber sensing technologies used in industry today
- Introduce participants to applications within both the onshore and offshore environment
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- Newcomers to the oil and gas industry
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- Registration Fee will be £100
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So, we have a couple Cisco ASA 5510 security appliances that we are working on. Here is the catch, when you attempt to connect to them using the ASDM tool downloaded from the device (or the CD from Cisco, or a download from Cisco’s website) you get a connection error “ASDM cannot read the configuration from the ASA”. After ensuring that the networking was indeed correct and I could reach the device I discovered (after several hours) that the ASDM is java based and that the version of java that I was using (Java 6 Update 11) was simply too new for the ASDM. To fix this I had to downgrade my java to Java 5 Update 17 and bingo, the ASDM could now talk to the ASA.
Next I was able to upgrade the via the ASDM the ASA’s Software and ASDM software. Once updated to the newest versions (8.01 and 6.1551 respectivly) I was able to re-download the ASDM client from the device and use the newest java version.


Reliance Jio Created Record in Indian telecom industry – Now has 130 million customers
Reliance Jio Created Record
Reliance Jio made several records not only in India but across the globe and Jio made 130 million customers in one year of its operations, Reliance industries chairman said in his letter to employees that In this past one year we have made several records.
On 5th Sep 2016, Reliance Jio launched its mobile service with the plan of unlimited free 4G data along with Free unlimited voice calling and free access in roaming. That time only Jio was started making customers and now it has 130 million customers.
Let’s talk about overall telecom customers in numbers before launching Jio. So, India’s telecom subscriber base crossed 1.1 billion in October, After launching Jio there there approx 29 million new customers added in just one month.
Now let’s focus on TRAI data, Reliance Jio had 123.36 million customers at the end of June. Before launching Jio in India mobile data consumption was 20 crore GB per month but after launching Jio it’s went to over 150 crore GB per month, which means that Jio customers alone are consuming 125 crore GB per month. Because of Jio service now India has moved from 155 to number 1 in the world in mobile data consumption. Jio has become world’s first biggest telecom network who has 130 million subscribes. Earlier users had to pay Rs. 250 for 1GB mobile data but after Jio it’s become Rs. 10 for 1GB mobile data. In India Jio come with 4G Volte services.


Back-Door Access to Encrypted Communications: Weakening Security to Improve Security?
Last month’s terror attacks in Paris have re-ignited the long-standing debate between national security and privacy advocates over whether technology companies should be required to provide the government special access to encrypted communications that travel on the internet, such as instant messages.
The purpose of encrypting data is to encode or scramble information so that only the intended recipient can read it; if the file is intercepted, unauthorized parties (including law enforcement and counterintelligence agents) will be unable to read the encrypted content. Encryption is used to protect private data that is transmitted and stored online, such as credit card or social security numbers, as well as to protect the confidentiality of communications that take place over the internet.
Law enforcement officials have long argued that they need the ability to monitor communications to aid in criminal investigations and detect potential threats to national security. Under the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) and regulations that have expanded its scope, telecommunications carriers, including telephone companies, internet service providers (ISPs), and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services such as Skype, are all required to structure their network to enable law enforcement to conduct authorized electronic surveillance (i.e., wiretaps), typically pursuant to a warrant or court order.
Partly in response to concerns about government surveillance of online communications, technology companies, including smartphone giants Apple and Google, have introduced efforts to encrypt customer data. These companies have even developed new software that makes devices inaccessible by anyone other than the user – preventing the companies from being able to turn over customer data even when presented with a warrant or court order. This technology, referred to as “end to end encryption,” is set up so that law enforcement cannot obtain a key to access data from the company and must instead go directly to the owner of the device. CALEA’s requirements do not reach such encryption technology, so law enforcement currently lacks the authority to compel access to encrypted communications.
In response, counterintelligence and law enforcement officials have been pushing for legislation that would require the companies to outfit their technologies with a “back door” mechanism that would permit decryption of the data for certain law enforcement purposes. CIA Director John Brennan and FBI Director James B. Comey Jr. have called on Congress to enact legislation to compel companies to provide access to encrypted information.
Opponents’ concerns are not limited to privacy. Technology companies and data security experts argue that providing the government back door access to encrypted communications also makes those communications more vulnerable to attack by others, including hackers and spies. In July 2015, a group of the world’s leading security technologists published a paper opposing “exceptional access” mechanisms and requirements because they would result in technical vulnerabilities and unanticipated security flaws.
Earlier this year, the Obama administration abandoned its efforts to seek legislation that would force technology companies to provide such a back door. The Obama administration’s apparent siding with Silicon Valley seemed to close a chapter in the debate.
However, the Paris attacks and the allegation that the attackers communicated using encrypted technology have reignited the debate and prompted law enforcement to refocus efforts to press Silicon Valley to provide access to encrypted devices and messages.
In response, the Information Technology Industry Council (ITI), “the global voice of the tech sector,” released a statement opposing calls to weaken encryption or create back doors, observing that “Weakening security with the aim of advancing security simply does not make sense.”
Most recently, House Homeland Security Committee Chairman Michael McCaul announced last week that he intends to introduce legislation that would establish a national commission to “bring together the technology sector, privacy and civil liberties groups, academics, and the law enforcement community to find common ground” to address issues related to encryption technology and privacy. Needless to say, the debate over data encryption – and digital privacy versus government surveillance – is far from over. We will continue to report on the issues as they develop.


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Computer Network Task Assignment
Part A. The section assesses the importance of the company installing network
The use of the network by Doodle Games will be beneficial to this company in different ways. One of the key benefits that the company will enjoy in its operations is a cost-effective resource sharing of information. With the installation of the computer network in the organization’s offices, it will reduce the amount of money spent on hardware, through the creation of computer network and sharing hardware resources that the company already have. Another key benefit that this company will enjoy is improved storage efficiency and volume. In this case, upon the implementation of computer networks, the nature of data storage will change in the organization. The third benefit that Doodle Games will realize access flexibility to information using any device e.g., tablets, smartphones, laptops etc. Other benefits include the utilization of a centralized database in retrieving and accessing data by employees and rights and privileges administration, the security of valuable information, among other benefits. The suggested network topology for this organization is start topology, because of its great potential in easing the probabilities of network failures by connecting all the systems to a central node. Additionally, the failure of one node does not affect the operational state of the other nodes.
Regarding the type of network that Doodle Games will need, the organization since it has its main office and the new office that it is intending to open, the company will require to be connected locally using LAN in the new office. The new office will occupy one building, hence the implementation of LAN will be paramount. Additionally, to connect between the main office and new office, the company will need Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) for global connection
Part B. The part covers internetworking devices as it is in the case of this company.
Internetworking devices comprises of hardware within computer networks that links different network resources. The internetworking devices that can be used by Doodle Games can use in their new office include (1) routers-This is the most intelligent devices that exist on the network. Understandably, routers have an internetworking operating system (IOS) that is useful in allowing the router to have a set of features for allowing the configurations needed for the network (Srinivasan & Jayaraman, 2014). The second internetworking device is switched, is an internetworking device that is used in managing the bandwidth on a big network. Switches have become one of the commonly used internetworking devices used in controlling networks. The third internetworking device that can be used is the bridge, which operates at layer 2 of OSI reference model, and can be applied by the company to link between the old office and the new office. Additionally, switches are used in creating multiple collision domains as well as broadcast domains. Another key internetworking device is network cabling, which provides connection links between different devices to provide a communication medium. Network cabling creates a communication link between devices.
All the internetworking devices discussed above will be used, that is switches, routers, bridges, and network cabling. To start with the rationale behind using routers is because they are useful in forwarding data packets between computer networks. Additionally, they must be used as they are paramount in performing traffic directing functions over the internet. The justification on the use of switches in internetworking is typically to connect LAN segments as well as filtering out traffic destined for devices within the same LAN segment. Bridges will also be used due to its capacity to connects multiple LANS, for example with Doodle Games opening new offices, the bridge will be helpful in multiplying. Lastly, network cabling is a must to be used because they connect one network device with another or connecting more computers to provide a platform for sharing resources.
Part C. The part provides a comparison of switch, hub, and router
Based on a comparison between switch, hub, and router, a switch is a computer networking device that connects various device, whereas a hub is a networking device that connects multiple computers into a single network. On the other hand, routers are used in forwarding data packets between computer networks. Additionally, a switch is an active device, while the hub is a passive device, in contrast, the router is known in routing packets based on their addresses to other network devices. In terms of the topology type applicable in this case, it is star topology as mentioned earlier. In all devices (computers) are connected to a centrally located device known as the hub. All the devices in the start topology are connected using the hub via a communication link. Comparison of the three devices can further be classified as shown in the table below.
|Plug and Play
|Connect multiple devices in a network
|Connect multiple computers
|Perform traffic directing functions
- The following terms can be clarified and explained to the management as follows: The concepts measure the speed of transferring data over the network.
- Kbps (Kilobits Per Second)-This is a measurement of speed data transfer of the network/ internet. 1 Kbps is equivalent to 1000 bits per second.
- Mbps (Megabits per second.)-This is a measure of internet bandwidth. 1Mbps is equal to 1000Kbs, Gbps (Gigabits per second)-This stands for 1 billion bytes per second. Additionally, Gbps provides a measurement of how many Gigabits of data that can run through a system or network per second.
- How the performance of the network is impacted by different levels of bandwidth.
Bandwidth is one of the critical factors that can impact network performance greatly. The higher the bandwidth the faster the data can be transferred over the network medium (DeCusatis, 2013). Additionally, the transmission medium determines the level of bandwidths used; for example, fibre optic cables have a higher bandwidth than twisted copper wire etc.
- Comparison between bandwidth and throughput.
Bandwidth refers to the capacity that a channel can hold. Additionally, this is the amount of data that can be transferred overs a certain period of time., while throughput is the measurement of data transferred in a specific period of time. Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transferred via the medium, whereas throughput is how much that travel over a channel successfully.
As per bandwidth calculation, the following formula can be applied” Bandwidth=Number of Concurrent Users x Application Throughput.
Using 1Gbs as application throughput, and assuming that the number of concurrent users is 20, then Bandwidth will be given by 1 x20=20Gbs. So, this is the answer (20Gbs)
- Evaluation of WIFI, Bluetooth, and Zigbee
WIFI remains to be an amazingly successful technology, its success can be attributed to the fact that despite tremendous advancement, this network technology has remained backwards compatible. Doodle Games can benefit greatly in future if the company implement WIFI. Some of the benefits include greater network efficiency, enhanced security, increased bandwidth range, and better performance in the remote environment. For Bluetooth technology, this is a wireless technology applicable in exchanging data between fixed mobile devices over a short distance. Bluetooth uses UHF radio waves for information exchange. The company can adopt this technology to facilitate the exchange of information by employees in their respective offices. About Zigbee technology, this is a wireless technology established as a global standard, which is used in addressing the unique needs of wires IoT networks in organizations. This standard mostly operates on IEEE802.15. Doodle Games can use this technology since it is supported by a variety of network topologies (White, 2015). Based on the evaluation of the three wires technology, they have big potential for the company under consideration, especially WIFI and Zigbee technology.
Based on the kind of network cable to be recommended for Doodle Games, is Fiber Optic Cable, which has become important for the companies that have reached their bandwidth limits. Ideally, fibre optic connects network segments. The rationale for choosing this kind of cabling is because it is extremely first, support higher bandwidth, and can run anywhere as it uses light rather than electricity to transmit signals. Additionally, Fiber Optic cabling can run signals over a long distance without any resistance. However, the cost of implementing fibre optic cabling is very high as compared to other types of network cabling. This type of cabling is important as it can support the future needs of the company such as increasing devices, speed within when accessing resources from the cloud and remotely.
As per the construction of the coaxial cable, the cable comprises of the inner and outer conductor which are separated with the insulator. The coaxial cable comprises of inner metallic conductor that is surrounded by an insulation layer. Regarding UTP, it stands for Unshielded Twisted Pair cable. It is made up of 100-ohm copper cable comprising of untwisted pairs that are surrounded by a jacket. The cable has no metallic shield. Construction of UTP require materials which include RJ45, UTP cable network tester, cable cutter and cripping tools. Lastly, STP considers UTP concepts. However, shielding in STP is done using the metallic substance and then 4 pairs are wrapped in a metallic protector. The idea of using metallic protector is based on its capacity to prevent interference through the use of three main techniques, namely shielding, cancellation, and twisting.
Concerning where to use Crossover, Rollover, and Straight through cables, for crossover cable is used to connect computing devices directly together. Therefore, the tool would be used in connecting the devices of the same type e.g., computers or two switches to each other. About rollover able. It would be used in connecting a computer terminal to the router console port. Lastly, the straight-through cable would be used in LAN by connecting a computer to a router.
In order to create a crossover cable, you will need Ethernet cabling using CAT5. Additionally, crimping tool will be used to strip and cutting the shielding off the cable. 2 RJ 45 connectors will also be applicable, and lastly 2 optional plug shields. For the crossover, when preparing the cable, it is a requirement that one side of the cable should follow 568 A standard, while the other side should follow B standard (Korsum. 2017). Implementation of this form of cabling can be described using the diagram below.
Figure 1: Crossover Cable: Source: (Korszum, 2017) for crossover cable as explained
In responding to the junior member of the team on how communication occurs across a local ethernet network, it is important to understand that the communication starts with a message, which must be sent from one individual to another. The communication elements, which include the message, source, and sender. Message sources are the devices or people wanting to other individuals or devices via the network. The second element of communication is the receiver. The receiver receives the message and then interprets the message. The third element is the known channel which comprises of the media that provides the pathway for transmission of the message. The channel can be in form of cable or other forms
Regarding, the internet and how communication occurs, it is important to note that the internet is a vast network connecting computers globally. Internet communication revolves around the sharing of information or ideas over the world wide web. (WWW). Internet communication occurs when data is exchanged over the web and comprises of a string of connected networks that involve the exchange of data via packet switching approach. Internet communication is geared towards achieving several things, which include versatility, growing community, among others. Lastly, internet communication occurs when communication is initiated from the source by the sender to the sender. For internet communication to occur, the application of communication protocols is important to facilitate the whole process efficiently.
- Routers: This device is useful in transmitting packets from the source to their destinations via the interconnected networking devices. Routers are the most intelligent devices, and they store information about network connections. Such a device can be used to divide networks into two or more subnetworks. Routers normally operate at the network layer of the OSI model.
- Switches: A switch is a multi-port device that is critical in improving network efficiency. Ideally, one of the key roles of the switch is to maintain routing information relating to the nodes (Melnick, 2019). A switch can work either at the Data Link layer or Network layer of the OSI reference model. The information maintained by the switch is limited.
- Bridge: The main role of a bridge is to connect two or more network segments or hosts. Ideally, bridges are also used in to store and forward frames between different network segments connected by the bridge. Bridge mostly rely on MAC address to transfer frames between different network segments.
DeCusatis, C. (Ed.). (2013). Handbook of fiber optic data communication: a practical guide to optical networking. Academic Press.
Korsum, J. (2017 October, 12)How to Create Your Ethernet Cross Over Cable. Retrieved from https://www.electronicproducts.com/how-to-create-your-own-ethernet-cross-over-cable/
Srinivasan, S. S., & Jayaraman, R. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,856,292. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
White, C. (2015). Data communications and computer networks: A business user’s approach. Cengage Learning.


I just wanted to give you a quick list of the equipment I use!
I’ll add notes to the products and tell you if they work or if I need to figure out something etc.
- Raspberry Pi Model B
- Transparent case (got that as a present) – fits fine
- WLAN USB Adapter from TP-Link (TL-WN823N) – works
- AmazonBasics USB 2.0 4-Port Ultra Mini Hub – works but NOT recommended! UPDATE HERE
- Bluetooth 4.0 USB Dongle from Inateck (BTA-CSR4B5) – works fine
- HDMI Cable is an AmazonBasics one (with Ethernet, Audio Return and 3D) (same cable at the HDMI Switch) – excellent
- some Ethernet Cable (CAT 5e) that goes into a TP-Link Gigabit Switch (TL-SG1005D) and then again a CAT 5e cable to the FRITZ!Box 7390
- my LCD TV (Acer AT2355) does not support HDMI-CEC as it seems, therefore I use a HDMI Switch (deleyCON HDMI Switch 3 Port – with remote control, 3D and FullHD support) to connect my Pi to it – works
- External USB 3.0 drive (1 TB) from Western Digital (WDBPCK0010BBK-01) – partially due to the Hub problem
- Bluetooth Keyboard Logitech Ultra Thin Keyboard – works
- Mouse (USB cable and wireless) Logitech G700s – works out of the box, wireless too
That’s a current list of hardware I use and tested so far (guess that setup will be the current and default one)
You may ask now “what’s up with the Hub thing?”.
I’ll explain it:
A Hub without external power supply won’t supply enough power for some devices!
That’s it in short. My external HDD isn’t powered enough that’s why raspbmc can’t find the device and even via SSH I’m unable to see it.
The Bluetooth Dongle isn’t getting enough power either. It’s found by hcitool but the status is “DOWN”.
Solution => I now ordered a second USB Hub with external power supply.
You will need a Y USB cable.
I connect the USB Hub to the Y cable. From the Y cable goes one cable to the Raspberry Pi. The other one goes into a USB power supply right into the power outlet.
Works fine so far, but I won’t recommend such a setup, but at least the HDD is now found and working.


Any combination of environmental sensors (including solar radiation, PAR, precipitation, and wind) can be used with the Decagon data logger.
Five minute data logger set-up
Decagon data loggers are designed to start logging your sensors in a matter of minutes. Simply plug in the soil moisture or environmental sensors that you would like to use, set your measurement interval, and you're logging data.
Em50G remote data collection
The Em50G integrates a cell modem so you can get your data delivered any time, anywhere.
Solar Data Loggers
Our Em50 Solar and Em50G Solar loggers use rechargeable nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries and a built in solar panel for extended deployments.


You might know about Message Driven Architecture (MDA) if you've heard about the Domain Events Pattern or Event Sourcing. As its core, MDA means that an application is composed from autonomous components which communicate with each other via messages. MDA is very common in a distributed application, because each component sits on a different server but they still need to work together.
But the amazing thing about MDA is that it can be applied for local (non distributed) applications as well. This means that a local MDA application can easily become a distributed app, only some configuration is required, but the app code should remained untouched. The main benefit though is that it makes it very easy to write high quality, maintainable code i.e lowly coupled, highly cohesive and highly testable code.
The downside is that it requires a bit of experience to become comfortable with it. It's not straightforward and at first, it seems like over engineering, but once you experiment with it, it will feel like the proper way to implement a non trivial application. But for that, you need to understand MDA properly.
How It Works
Let's say you have 3 modules: Sales, Accounting, Inventory. These 3 obviously need to work together but we want these modules not to be coupled one to another. Each module knows that the other exist, but they don't know where and how to talk with them. They are pretty decoupled.
In order to work together, these modules will pass messages to each other via a 3rd party, a 'transporter' which knows where everyone is. That transporter is called a ServiceBus and that's its sole responsibility: to deliver messages to a destination.
In a nuthsell things goes like this:
- Module sends a message to the ServiceBus.
- ServicesBus delivers the message to one or many configured destinations.
- Destination receives and handle the message. Note that the sender and the receiver modules don't know about each other, they know only about the ServiceBus. This means that modules can be added or removed without other modules being affected.
A message is a simple data transfer object (DTO) which contains message name and details. A message should be as simple as possible and serialization friendly.
A message can be a:
- Command - the message tells that its handler must do something. The message name is the Command while its content are the command arguments. Good names are imperative ones: CreateOrder, RegisterPayment etc. A command is sent via the ServiceBus and can have only one handler.
- Event - the message tells that something have happened. A good event name represents an action in the past: OrderCreated, PaymentSubmitted etc. An event is published via the ServiceBus and can have 0 or more subscribers. A message handler is the object which processes the message. There are** Command Handlers** (or Executors) and Event Subscribers. A message handler can send messages as well.
One important detail about MDA is that a message is guaranteed to be sent at least once. This means that a handler can receive the same message twice. The reasons why that happen are mainly technical in nature and a handler must be able to cope with this behavior. That is no matter how many times a message is processed, the outcome must be the same. This is called idempotency.
Some actions are naturally idempotent, for example a=3. Invoking a handler that assigns 3 to a variable will have the same result no matter how many times is done. But if, let's say, the variable is incremented then each invoke will get a different result. For these cases, the message handler must take additional steps to ensure its idempotency.
Ensuring idempotency is an app specific action, but usually is done by having in the database a unique key for the processed message. For example, inserting a new Product will also insert the message id. If the operation is a duplicate the db will refuse it. In this case the datastore is the actual enforcer of idempotency. This example also shows that idempotency is a concept that goes beyond the message handler.
These are the basics of message driven architecture. In the next post I'll talk about the cool stuff.


The VEOM is a generic electro-optical device
that can take the place of any of a number of different optical components, depending on
how it is built and biased in operation. It is based on a simple thin film structure that
can be manufactured with conventional techniques. The device can be implemented as a
mirror, window, beamsplitter, shutter, light modulator, variable wave plate, or optical
logic element. It requires no micro-machining and has higher predicted performance than
any similar types of device.
There are many applications and
derivatives of this technology. One of the interesting aspects of this technology is its
scalability. It can be manifest as a nanoscale device or as large sheets of architectural
glass. In both cases, the technology to apply the coatings already exists. It can be built
to be either polarization sensitive or polarization insensitive. It can be built to
operate at a fixed color as a variable reflectance device with full operating range from
"window" to "beamsplitter" to "mirror". It can be built to
operate as a tunable spectral filter, with or without variable reflectance at each
discrete color (frequency). These different functionality's are achieved by variations in
the manufacturing process. They can all be applied at any scale of construction.
This is a simulation of a typical
VEOM device. It implements a broadband rejection (variable neutral density) function.
Here is a two color notch filter.
It is designed for suppression two laser lines simultaneously.
If you find this interesting and
wish to discuss an application or having some of these devices built, CONTACT US for further information


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We understand the importance of creating a safe and positive learning environment that allows every student to maximize their potential. We help education clients leverage technology to design solutions to meet their unique needs and challenges.
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Protecting personnel and property from harm is of paramount importance. We implement and maintain a range of physical security solutions, including Video Surveillance, Access Control and Intercom Systems.
We understand that a robust communications infrastructure is key to delivering your business solutions. Our certified experts can handle these challenges and will design an intelligent networking solution for your organization.
Our team of certified engineers provides the flexibility and reliability you need to operate efficiently and effectively, giving you the freedom to focus on your mission.
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The CDR-520 is our bigger commercial black box DVR system. Just like the UBB-4.CQ model, it uses up to four cameras to record and provide video surveillance around the vehicle at all times. The memory storage capacity of this system is quadruple the capacity of the UBB-4.CQ model providing up to 128GB of storage space to store all recordings from all four cameras. The SD cards can also be locked into place with a key so that only the vehicle owner can retrieve them.
The CDR-520 is our commercial Black Box type DVR system that supports up to four cameras for simultaneous recording around the vehicle. The CDR-520 will activate when the ignition system is powered up and activates all four cameras to start recording. The DVR system will continue to record as long as the ignition is on. It also has a series of trigger inputs that will allow the system to activate and start recording on designated camera inputs.
The CDR-520 uses up to four 32GB SD cards (128GB max) for recording storage making it the largest DVR system in our inventory in terms of memory capacity. When the ignition cycles on, the DVR system will power up all four cameras, or how ever many are plugged into the system and will begin recording. When one SD card is full, the system will begin storing recordings onto the next one until all SD cards are full. The system has a cyclic recording feature so when all SD cards are full, the system will automatically begin re-writing over the oldest recorded file. The CDR-520 also supports a USB connection to allow recordings to be backed up onto a flash drive instead of leaving all the recordings stored on the SD card. The user can go into the system and select which recordings that want to be saved and back them up onto the USB device.
The CDR-520 gives you full control when it comes to customizing your recording options. Not only does it simply record on all four cameras when the ignition is on, but you can also set the system for timer recording as well. The user the program each individual video input to start recording any time of day on any day of the week. This is perfect for vehicle owners who thing that there vehicle is being vandalized or burglarized. The timer can also be set to record for any length of time the user designates whether it be ten minutes or three hours. The recording quality can also be programmed by the user as well. Each camera input can be programmed to record in a certain file type (AVI, FLM, MSV) and the recording time length can be set to allow the DVR system to record files to a certain time length. This will prevent the system from recording too large of files and make it easier to review when playing back the recordings. The frame rate can be adjusted between 30 FPS for NTSC and 25 FPS for PAL TV systems and the audio recording rate can also be adjusted from low to high quality. Brightness, contrast, hue and saturation san also be adjusted individually between each camera input. This way if you have a camera that is on the inside of the vehicle and the picture needs to be brighter to see inside, you can adjust the picture quality on that specific camera without affecting any of the other channels.
Other useful features of the CDR-520 are the built-in G-Sensor which forces the system to begin recording to an accident. When the G-Sensor is triggered, the recordings are automatically write protected and cannot be deleted over-written until the user manually deletes them from the system or backs them up onto the USB device. The G-Sensor sensitivity can be increased or decreased to allow the unit to start recording based on how high or low the G-forces are. The system also has motion sensing to allow automatic recording is any motion is detected on any of the cameras. A speed sensor input to clock the vehicles speed during the recorded events. With the speed sensor hooked up, the user can set the system to record based on constant speed and distance. The system also has an "Overspeed" setting which allows the system to start recording if the vehicle travels over a certain speed. Last the CDR-520 system has a series of alarm triggers which can trigger the system to activate and begin recording with the door trigger, turn signals and brake pedal.
The CDR-520 comes includes with a full-functional remote control to navigate and change the settings of the system. It also includes a viewer software to download onto you computer.


DEC 30, 2013 06:29 PM ET // BY IAN O'NEILL
On Sunday, at 5:17 p.m. GMT (12:17 p.m. EST), Europe’s Mars Express orbiter successfully completed a daring low-pass of Mars’ largest moon Phobos.
In an effort to precisely measure the gravitational field of the moon, the 10 year-old mission was sent on a trajectory that took it only 45 kilometers (28 miles) from the dusty surface, the closest any spacecraft has ever come to the natural satellite.
At the time of flyby, Mars Express was transmitting a “continuous radio signal across 208 million km of space” to NASA’s radio antennae near Madrid, Spain, wrote Daniel Scuka at ESA’s European Space Operations Centre, Darmstadt, Germany, in a blog update. The 70 meter radio antenna is part of NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN), which precisely tracked the spacecraft’s signal. Post-flyby, NASA’s 70 meter Goldstone DSN antenna in the Mojave Desert, Calif., and ESA’s 35 meter antenna at New Norcia in Australia continued to track the mission.
During the flyby, DSN operators reported “a slight effect in the Doppler residuals,” meaning that, as expected, Phobos’ gravity had accelerated Mars Express’ orbital velocity very slightly. Through careful analysis of the Doppler shifting of the radio signal, Phobos’ gravity can be measured, allowing scientists to discern its mass and density — the most precise measurement to date.
All focus was on the spacecraft’s ability to send a continuous stream of data back to Earth, so close-up snapshots were not a possibility.


Mobile data demand will increase one hundred fold between now and 2020. Is this a boon to mobile telecom providers?
Disclosure: I have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours.
At first sight, the spectacular growth of mobile communication seems like a bonanza for mobile telecom providers. Mobile traffic is expected to increase 100-fold between now and 2020, from the current 1 exabyte to more than 127 exabytes [The Delta Perspective].
While we’re not yet there, but we’re nearing a future in which mobile connection will be ubiquitous, not only for smartphones and other devices we use, but for many other devices as well that simply ‘talk’ (that is, exchange information) with other devices (M2M, or machine to machine traffic).
We’re rapidly moving from an old world in which
telecom was based on one service per device (e.g. cellphone, laptop data card, TV) and services were based on what access network was required to deliver the service (e.g. DSL, 3G, PSTN voice). Additionally, services were classified as either business or consumer contracts and the rates varied. The future of telecom must look different. With the potential to connect over 50 billion devices by 2020, services will be multi-device and multi-network. [Forbes]
The rise of ever-faster mobile broadband will give rise to whole new services like mobile payments, smart (connected) meters and sensors, tele-healthcare, education, cloud services and much more which few of us can imagine, let alone predict, right now. One might keep in mind that with Moore’s Law continuing unabated, high-performance computing will be almost free by 2020.
According to Intel microprocessors will shift from 22nm to 5nm by the end of 2020. To grasp the consequences:
In very simple terms, if you shrink a computer chip from today’s 22nm tech down to 5nm, adding nor removing any transistors, you end up with something roughly six per cent the size of the original.
You should also realize that energy needs and cost will improve roughly along the same lines:
Thus, the individual chip cost is directly proportional to how many you can cram into a wafer. And if you’re cramming in 15 times more chips, well…


The Ultimate Surveillance Tool – Mobile Trailers Unveiled
Mobile trailers equipped with advanced surveillance technology have emerged as the ultimate surveillance tool, revolutionizing the way we monitor and secure our surroundings. These high-tech mobile units are designed to provide unparalleled flexibility and efficiency in surveillance operations, making them indispensable in various sectors, from law enforcement and homeland security to private businesses and event management. One of the key features that make mobile trailers the ultimate surveillance tool is their mobility. These units are often equipped with wheels or the ability to be towed, allowing them to be deployed swiftly to various locations. Whether it is monitoring a high-profile event, securing a construction site, or addressing sudden security threats, mobile trailers can be transported to the scene in a matter of minutes. This adaptability ensures that no area is left unmonitored or vulnerable, giving authorities and organizations the upper hand in maintaining safety and security.
The technology integrated into these mobile surveillance units is nothing short of cutting-edge. They typically come with a range of high-definition cameras, sensors, and communication systems. These cameras can be positioned to cover wide areas or zoom in for detailed shots, ensuring that every angle is captured in crystal-clear resolution. The sensors can detect movement, sound, or even environmental changes, providing real-time data to operators. With the ability to pan, tilt, and zoom, operators can remotely control these cameras to focus on specific events or activities as they unfold. Moreover, the advanced communication systems enable live streaming, allowing operators to monitor events in real time, coordinate with response teams, and make crucial decisions promptly. Furthermore, mobile surveillance trailers are equipped with power sources, often relying on solar panels or generators, ensuring continuous operation even in remote or off-grid locations you can learn more in the websites. This energy independence eliminates the need for frequent refueling or recharging, reducing operational costs and environmental impact.
In addition, many units feature weatherproof and rugged construction, making them suitable for deployment in harsh environments and extreme weather conditions. The ultimate surveillance tool offers more than just observation. It includes sophisticated analytical software that can identify and track objects, recognize faces, and even alert operators to suspicious behavior. This AI-driven technology provides invaluable support to human operators, helping them focus on the most critical tasks and events. The applications of mobile surveillance trailers are vast and continue to expand. In law enforcement, they assist in monitoring high-crime areas, managing large-scale events, and conducting covert operations. For businesses, they serve as a cost-effective solution for safeguarding valuable assets and preventing theft. Event organizers can ensure the safety of attendees and swiftly respond to emergencies. These units are also instrumental in disaster response and recovery efforts, helping authorities assess damage and allocate resources effectively.


Network Based Functions/Software
The Powerlite comes with a CD with software plus additional software is available from Epson's web site for several network enabled functions including:
- EasyMP Network Projection software sets up your computer for network projection
- EasyMP Monitor software (Windows only) lets you monitor and control your projector through the network
- EasyMP Multi PC Projection software allows you to hold interactive meetings by projecting the computer screens of users over a network
- EasyMP Network Updater software (Windows only) allows you to update firmware for a projector over a wired LAN.
The Powerlite 97H is also compatible with Crestron RoomView(TM) network monitoring and control systems.
The PowerLite 97H supports a “Moderator Function” that Epson describes as:
“Multi-PC projection and Moderator function allows up to 50 devices to connect over a network and then select up to 4 to project simultaneously.”
As illustrated below, this allows the teacher/moderator to select the content to be displayed from up to 4 devices (i.e., PCs, MACs or mobile devices), from a maximum of 50 connected devices.
Presentations without a Computer
A flash drive can be plugged into the projector’s USB connector to display photos and videos (using specific file formats) without having an attached computer. The projector’s remote includes the buttons needed to navigate through the photo slide show or video. This can be useful when the projector is being used as a portable unit for doing a quick setup for hassle-free presentations.
MHL is essentially mobile HDMI. The Powerlite 97H supports MHL devices on its HDMI #2 port. MHL is relatively recent, so it may see a lot more capabilities down the road. To be effective, since MHL supports video, audio, and command and control, a projector really should have its own sound system, which the 97H does (with a mono speaker).
Some phones and tablets, as well as all kinds of other smart devices are being designed with MHL.
Support for Android and IOS devices
Projection of content from iOS or Android devices is supported when the the optional wireless network module is installed on the projector and when the mobile device has installed the free Epson iProjection app.
Instant Off and Direct Power On
This is an not a common feature for a lamp-based projector. When this feature is used the projector will quickly turn on when power is applied and instantly turn off when the power is removed. This feature allows the projector to be connected to a electrical circuit that can be switched to turn the projector on or off.


After the publication of a manual that explained to farmers how they could. The ringer, or beeper, light or other device, alerts the user to incoming calls. When When the Telephone was the telephone invented and by whom? Cell phones work in a similar When the Telephone way but more technology is involved. There is an etiquette for how we should answer the phone, how to speak properly on the phone, and, yes, how to decide when we should ignore the phone when it rings.
Of course, all business telephone conversations do not follow this rigid scheme. The telephone was first invented in 1876 and the first switchboard was created in. Bell believed that multiple messages could be sent over a wire if the sounds had a different pitch, which is how the ear responds to the frequency of the sound waves. Watson, come here, I want to see you”, and they were clearly heard on the other side. By 1877, construction of the first regular telephone line from Boston to Somerville, Massachusetts, had been completed. American Bell Telephone Company was created in 1880 and the American Telegraph and Telephone Company (AT&T) was created in 1885. Alexander Graham Bell received the first patent for a telephone in 1876. The most expensive phone number ever sold was, which sold for 10 million Qatari riyals in a charity auction.
British physicist Robert Hooke was credited as the first person to invent one of these devices. The other test to perform if the router drops out on the test socket is to unplug the phone from the filter, leaving just the router on the line, still plugged into the test socket. In, we launched an APIwith OAuth support, which serves as a platform to let other developers and businesses facilitate transactional phone numbers at scale, as well as provide innovators with accessible telephony functionality the major carrier infrastructure cannot currently provide—at least, not in an affordable way conducive to further innovation. Also an excellent piano player, Bell began to teach music and elocution, or formal speech, at the age of 16. Born: Ma in Edinburgh, ScotlandDied: Aug in Nova Scotia, CanadaEducation: University of Edinburgh; University College LondonInventor: Developed the first rudimentary metal detector; issued a United States patent for the telephone in 1876; invented the photophone in 1880, which transmitted sound on a beam of light and is the precursor to fiber optics. Allegedly, the transmitter was difficult to operate, since the relative position of the needle and the contact were critical to the device&39;s operation. After completing high school, Bell went to live with his grandfather in London. Finally, on 10th March, 1876, Bell spoke the first words through a telephone, “Mr.
In 1865, Bell combined his interest in speech and music by experimenting with vowel sounds and tuning forks, in. See full list on brighthubeducation. Early telephones were technically diverse. The rare, longtime New York area code of 212, Los Angeles’ 310, Miami’s 305, Austin’s 512, and San Francisco’s 415 can all sell for thousands, or even tens of thousands, of dollars. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, a Scottish inventor, scientist and engineer. Which of the following is the best response by the medical assistant? 1877 - The very first permanent outdoor telephone wire was completed.
The telephone came a long way since it was first developed in the late 1800s. Area codes have become a symbol of local status, which comes with respect in some areas. The telephone was invented on the 10th March 1876. We believe your phone number shouldn’t be static -- it should integrate seamlessly with all the other apps and products you use to communicate and be productive, from Slack to Evernote to Google Drive. The invention of the telephone is credited to both Alexander Graham Bell and Antonio Meucci. One phone number per device is. 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone, beating Elisha Gray by a matter of hours. Library of Congress; Library of Congress; Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress 1862 – 1939; AT&T: Milestones in AT&T History; The Princess Phone Prior to the introduction of the Princess phone in 1959, most households had only one telephone set, usually located in the living room or other central location.
But this is the basic outline for most business telephone conversations, especially those made to request information or ask for clarification. ” Other popular endings include -HOME, -ROOF, and -CASH. · March 07 Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone On Ma, 29-year-old Alexander Graham Bell receives a patent for his revolutionary new invention–the telephone. Bell patented his device on Ma, and the device quickly began to spread. From satellite phone to cell phones to smart phones, it seems like mobile communication has just started to take off. Telephone definition, an apparatus, system, or process for transmission of sound or speech to a distant point, especially by an electric device.
Modern communication truly began with the invention of the telephone. . Eliza Bell, a talented pianist, was deaf. · The following is an overview of how a basic telephone conversation happens between two people each on a land-line phone, not cell phones. Born on Ma, Alexander Graham Bell was an inventor, scientist, and innovator. ” 1876: Alexander Graham Bell made the first phone call to his assistant in another room of his Boston Volta laboratory. Huth proposed an alternative to the optical telegraph of Claude Chappe in which the operators in the signalling towers would shout to each other by means of what he called "speaking tubes", but would n.
At Burner, we want to make it easier to control your phone number, and bring it into the 21st century When the Telephone by making it act more like software. Though often with cabling faults you can hear crackles and noise on the phone. Bell, Hubbard and Thomas.
Bell was born in Edinburg, Scotland to Eliza Grace and Professor Alexander Melville Bell. . · The telephone—ubiquitous now, but in a different way than before—is a pretty good proxy for how people react to the introduction of any major new technology. Not only is a telephone a simple device, but the connection between you and the phone company is even simpler. The device was used for many year’s at his friend’s family grain mill. Would he have even had an interest in the science of sound if his mother had not been hearing impaired?
The candlestick telephones were connected to a bell box that was mounted on a nearby wall. There have been many changes to this form of communication and as of now, it seems like nothing is impossible. Home phones, office phones, and cell phones are our virtual ties to each other as we rush from place to place. Bell died on Aug at his estate in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, after battling diabetes.
Alexander Graham Bell, who patented the telephone in 1876, inaugurating the 1,520-km (944-mile) telephone link between New York City and Chicago on Octo. Bell was naturally curious of his surroundings from a very young age. What would the world be like if Alexander Graham Bell had not invented the first ever telephone? · Directed by Rip Torn. 1 An instrument used as part of a telephone system, typically a single unit including a handset with a transmitting microphone and a set of numbered buttons by which a connection can be made to another such instrument.
Bell’s extensive research work was also strongly influenced by the fact that his mother and wife were deaf. The telephone emerged from the making and successive improvements of the electrical telegraph. The independent telephone industry began to develop throughout rural America early in the 1890s, as both manufacturing and service organizations turned to the rural market.
The medical assistant receives a telephone call in the morning from a patient who states that she has had a respiratory infection for several days, and that today she feels worse and is running a fever. Perhaps the earliest use of the word for a communications system was the telephon created by Gottfried Huth in 1796. That is about the same time that Meucci later claimed to have created his first attempt at the telephone in Italy. The First Telephone Call Ma What were the first words ever spoken on the telephone? The princess phone&39;s small size and lighted dial were designed to make attractive as a bedside extension and the Bell System marketed it as such. Bell received early schooling from his father, and then proceeded to study at the Royal High School Edinburg Scotland until the age of 15. The Telephone - Important Dates 1874 - Principal of the telephone was uncovered.
While at school, Bell did not take much interest in any other subjects apart from the sciences. The alphanumeric code used won’t look familiar to anyone today. · Alternatively referred to as a phone, a telephone is a device that converts analog audio into electrical signals that can When the Telephone be transferred to other telephone users. What was the original telephone? The machine, which simulated human voice, impressed the young Bell, who later became a professor in elocution at Bos. The term is derived from Greek: τῆλε and φωνή, together meaning distant voice. The telephone had a large impact, it made business more efficient and it saved money from having to travel back and forth from far places, and it made transactions able to occur more quickly.
The Bell Memorial stands in Brantford, Ontario to commemorate the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell. · Sometimes, personal phone conversations are prolonged because the other person feels that they need to fill you in on everything that has been going on since you last talked. Addressing the technical shortcomings, Almon Brown Strowger invented a telephone dial in 1891.
In 1863, Bell’s father arranged a trip for Bell to see an automaton. He came up with the idea at his summer home in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, but built the first device in Boston,. More When The Telephone images. With Whoopi Goldberg, Severn Darden, Elliott Gould, John Heard. The place a telephone call, the calling party picks up the telephone&39;s handset, thereby operating a lever which closes the hook switch. When was the first telephone made and what country? Bell’s father and grandfather engaged in a speech development program known as elocution, and as a result, Bell was inspired to study communication and speech.
There are two famous examples you might be familiar with:. Known as the 2L-5N, or “two letter and 5 number” system, phone numbers were assigned to residents based on location. They were spoken by Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, when he made the first call on Ma, to his assistant, Thomas Watson: "Mr. A crazy out of work actress, Vashti Blue, spends all her time in her small apartment with her pet owl and her telephone, which she uses to try and solve all her problems with life./4359807bc2eda /23322181 /471566 /848/bacb122c71f
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Google voice is a free Google service. This service gives you the freedom to combine all your phone services and forward calls to all your cellular devices simultaneously.
It is a useful tool for keeping communication simple and effective. If you have different cellular devices, you can have one phone number for all your devices. And it’s all thanks to Google voice from the tech giant, Google.
So, back to the popular question many have been asking!
Can I use Google voice without a phone?
Yes, you can. You can use Google voice on a computer for calls, although you must have a US-based phone number. The Google voice is useful and effective in connecting all your mobile communication easily.
It is highly beneficial to those who always change phone numbers, those who often travel, and individuals who need to record calls without paying a dime.
Keep reading for more on this topic!
What Are The Uses Of Google Voices?
Asides from giving you a phone number for voicemail, calls, and texts, Google voices has other uses. You can use Google voice for:
- Screening voice calls before you pick up.
- Your personalized voice messages.
- Making International calls at reduced rates
- Blocking unwanted numbers from calling you
- Getting protection from spam messages and calls
- Saving your call and messages information.
What Browsers Or Operating Systems Do You Need To Use Google Voice?
To experience the full functionality of Google voice, use any of the following:
- Mozilla firefox
- Google chrome
- Chrome OS
- Microsoft edge
- Microsoft windows
- Mac OS
How To Setup Google Voice On Your Computer
Here is a step to step guide to setting up google voice on your computer:
- Go to the website: voice.google.com
- If you’re yet to sign in to your Google account, please do so right away.
- Type in your city or area code to search for available numbers. You can use a city or area code close to you if numbers are not available in your city.
- When you find a number you want, click select.
- You’ll be required to confirm your phone number. Input your existing phone number or the number you want to receive your codes.
- Once you receive the code, input it in the box provided. Then verify.
- Confirm the number you want your calls to be sent to, and then click claim
- You would need to click finish two times before the setup is complete.
How Much Does It Cost To Use Google Voice?
Almost all Google voice Calls within the United States and Canada are free. “Almost all” because some calls placed to specific numbers within the United States and Canada cost one cent for a minute.
For calls outside the United States, the rates are listed.
How To Set Up Google Voice On Your Phone
To set up Google voice on your android or apple device, here is what to do:
- Download the Google voice app.
- Select the Google account you want connecting to your google voice number.
- Tap continue
- After tapping continue, you would get transferred to the next page. On this page, tap search.
- Type your zip code or city to find the numbers available in your region.
- When you have chosen the number you want, tap the select button next to the number.
- To begin your verification process, tap next on your screen after Google confirms your chosen number.
- To verify, enter the existing number you want to link to your google voice number.
- Next, enter the code sent to your existing number, then verify.
- Then tap claim and finish to complete the process.
How Do You Link More Than One Number To Your Google Voice Account?
You can link more than one number to your google voice account. Here is how to do it on your computer:
- Go to your Google voice dashboard
- Look for the “new linked number” icon at the bottom of the menu.
- Type the number you wish to link and then click the send code icon.
- The verification process is the same as the first verification process.
- You can add more numbers through the same process.
Can I Use Google Voice With Wi-Fi Only?
Yes, you can. Google Voice allows you to make calls with Wi-Fi. You need to download the Android Google voice app for calls to go over Wi-Fi. Once you have the app, you are automatically able to receive calls over Wi-Fi.
You can also configure the setting to suit your needs.
Is Google’s Voice App Secure?
Texts sent and received on Google voice get stored in Google’s data center. The Google voice app takes security up a notch by saving your audio data. For example, when you leave voicemails for people, they automatically get saved.
Your Google account also comes with world-class security that detects spam, malware, etc., and keeps them out.
What Are The Advantages Of Google Voice?
There are several reasons why Google voice is a good choice. Here are some of those reasons:
Google voice uses a UI that resembles that of other Google services, like Gmail. Almost all the actions carried out sending and receiving messages, making or receiving calls, having access to voicemail- happens on a page that looks like your Gmail inbox.
You can use your computer or mobile phone to access Google voice. With your Google voice phone number, you can text when your phone battery is flat.
Google voice can also make a transcript of your voicemails if you hate listening to voicemails. Google voice can play specific voicemail messages for specific callers. All these work together to ensure that you don’t miss a thing.
Hardly miss a call:
This is one of the unique things about Google voice. You can link your entire device to a single phone number.
You can connect the phone number to your mobile phone, office phone, landline, or any other mobile device you might have. Whenever you get a phone call, every device you have connected to the number gets notified.
It is also possible to make calls from any of the connected devices, including your computer. The person you’re calling would see your Google voice number no matter the device you use to place the call.
Google voice has many tools that work to give the user a top-notch experience. One of those tools is the caller ID feature. Google Voice uses your phone’s address book to help ID your callers.
When a caller’s number isn’t in your address book, Google Voice would ask the caller to record their name. The caller would do the recording before you pick up the call.
You can also switch your device for another during a call seamlessly. You can only do switching devices with devices linked to Google voice phone numbers.
Porting your number:
To reprint business cards or contact information to include your new number could be tasking. But Google voice can make it simpler for you to port over your existing number.
What Are The Disadvantages Of Google Voice?
No customer service support:
Unlike normal network providers who provide customer service support to their customers, Google voice doesn’t.
They have a help page with frequently asked questions and answers. A help forum for questions that the FAQ doesn’t cover exists.
Complex multimedia messaging:
one of the advantages of Google Voice is its easy digital integration. However, it might not be seamless for avant-garde messaging like sending group messages or sending videos. To send and receive MMS, you would need additional tools like Google hangout and other Google tools.
No emergency calls:
This is one of the biggest disadvantages of linking all your phone lines to one Google voice phone number. You can’t directly call 9-1-1 with your google voice phone number.
So, if you insist on using Google voice, you need to create an alternative for emergency calls.
Is using Google voice worth it?
Beyond other alternatives and standard phone lines, Google Voice offers an enticing collection of unique characteristics that empower users to take full control of their phone service.
With the ability to ring all phones from a single number and comprehensive digital integration, you will never miss a call. Unless you experience a rare Google outage or other unexpected issues, Google may not resolve quickly due to a lack of direct customer support.
So, with a bunch of other apps, you can get the best from Google voice if you’re willing to deal with not having a customer service experience and not making emergency phone calls.
You can use Google voice on your phones and computer without hassle. The technological forward-thinkers of Google built this app to make it easy for you to use and adapt to.
This article answers the question “can you use Google voice without a phone.” and gives you more insight into how Google voice works.


Asynchronous Communication: Definition and Examples
Asynchronous communication is certainly a current buzzword, and you probably hear about asynchronous communication all the time, but what is it and how can it help your team?
Asynchronous communication is communication in which all participants aren't expected to be attentive as the communication process unfolds. This is opposed to synchronous communication, where there is generally an expectation that all participants are attentive as the communication is happening.
As the definition implies, despite it often being presented in connection with technology asynchronous communication does not require computers or software. The first form of asynchronous communication was probably someone asking someone else to relay a message for them.
Examples of Synchronous Communication
It can be helpful to first look at what forms of communication are considered synchronous.
- Face-to-face meetings and conversations: It's generally considered rude to carry on multiple in-person conversations at once, and humans aren't able to effectively listen to multiple conversations at once. These can be more formal, like a scheduled meeting in a conference room, or more informal, like a chat with a peer who just tapped you on the shoulder.
- Phone calls: Phone calls are synchronous. Each person listens in real time and takes turns communicating.
- Video Calls: Video calls with tools like Zoom, Google Meet, or Microsoft Teams are certainly synchronous. Just like phone calls they have real-time back-and-forth communication.
- Webinars and Live Streams: While typically only one presenter is speaking, everyone is expected to be attentive to receive the information they're sharing.
- Instant Messaging and Chat: Most instant messaging and chat tools can operate both synchronously and asynchronously, but most communication occurs synchronously, and it's often the case that these tools provide presence information to give cues about availability for discussion.
Examples of Asynchronous CommunicationNow that we know what isn't asynchronous, let's look at what is. Here are a few examples of synchronous communication:
- Written Messages: More traditionally, asynchronous communication occurred with written messages like letters and notes. The receiver was not required to be present or attentive for the sender to compose the message, and the receiver could reply to the message on their own schedule.
- Books: Whether physically printed or digital, books are a very common form of asynchronous communication. The author writes the information that they would like to share and then it is available to any readers that wish to read it whenever they want.
- Email: Emailing is asynchronous. Emails are composed at the convenience of the sender, and then the receiver can read and reply at their convenience.
- Digital documents: Digital documents, like web pages, PDFs, and Word or Excel documents, are asynchronous. The creator of the documents authors and shares them, and then the consumer can view them at any time in the future. Paired with search, consumers can discover digital documents as needed.
- Forums and Discussion Boards: Online forums and discussion boards allow users to post questions or comments and receive replies from other users at a later time.
Benefits of Asynchronous CommunicationAsynchronous communication can be very advantageous for teams, making them more open and inclusive while also helping team members stay more focused:
- Flexibility: One of the primary advantages of asynchronous communication is its flexibility. Participants can engage in conversations without having to align their schedules, making it suitable for individuals in different time zones or with conflicting commitments.
- Thoughtful Responses: Asynchronous communication allows people to take their time before responding. This enables more thoughtful and well-considered replies, particularly for complex or sensitive matters.
- Documentation and Reference: Messages and communications in an asynchronous format are often documented, providing a record of discussions that can be referred back to later. This documentation can be valuable for future reference or clarification.
- Reduced Interruptions: Unlike synchronous communication, which can be disruptive to productivity, asynchronous methods enable individuals to manage their time better by responding to messages during designated periods.
- Inclusivity: Asynchronous communication ensures that everyone can contribute and participate, regardless of their geographical location. Even in an office, it's inclusive to people who aren't at work at a given time due to other responsibilities, both personal or job-related.
Challenges of Asynchronous CommunicationWhile asynchronous communication offers numerous advantages, it also comes with some challenges, including:
- Delayed Responses: The lack of real time interaction can lead to delays in receiving responses, which might hinder urgent decision-making.
- Misinterpretation of Tone: Without the cues of tone and body language, written messages can sometimes be misinterpreted, leading to potential misunderstandings.
- Less Spontaneous Collaboration: Asynchronous communication may not be suitable for brainstorming sessions or situations that require immediate input and feedback.
Balancing Asynchronous and Synchronous Communication
Finding the right balance between asynchronous and synchronous communication is crucial for maintaining efficient and effective communication within a team or community. While asynchronous methods work well for certain situations, synchronous communication is still valuable for quick decision-making, brainstorming, and building stronger personal connections.


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The three options for mobile device platforms are Secure Services BYOD, Comprehensive BYOD and Mobile Deployment. Each option is detailed below:
- Secure Services or “Basic” BYOD is the way BYOD is typically implemented in companies today, with an incomplete patchwork of capabilities and policies.
"Comprehensive BYOD” refers to a more strategic approach to BYOD, and features eight core capabilities companies need to harness BYOD effectively.
- Hardware: Employees purchase devices
- Support: Device support from cell phone or hardware provider (e.g., Apple, AT&T)
- Infrastructure: Limited to internet connection in the workplace
Conventional device deployment is the physical deployment of mobile devices (smart phones, tablets, etc.) that will be managed and paid for by the organization
- Hardware: Employees purchase devices and may or may not receive an employer stipend
- Support: Implement community support such as wikis or online forums
- Service Cost: The organization may provide a stipend for the cost of the device and service plan
- Infrastructure: Includes community support and device management plan provided by the employer
- Hardware: Employer purchases employee devices
- Support: The Organization needs a support or help desk for employees
- Service Cost: The employer will pay for the cost of the service plan
- Infrastructure: Includes the deployment and maintenance of mobile devices for each employee