Enabling Deep-Tissue Networking for Miniature Medical Devices
Yunfei Ma, Zhihong Luo, Christoph Steiger, Giovanni Traverso, and Fadel Adib. ACM SIGCOMM 2018
We present IVN (In-Vivo Networking), a system that enables powering up and communicating with miniature sensors implanted or injected in deep tissues. IVN overcomes fundamental challenges which have prevented past systems from powering up miniature sensors beyond superficial depths. These challenges include the significant attenuation of bodily tissues and the miniature antennas of the implantable sensors.
IVN’s key contribution is a novel beamforming algorithm that can focus its energy toward an implantable device, despite its inability to estimate its channel or its location. We implement a multi-antenna prototype of IVN, and perform extensive evaluations via in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo tests with living mammals.
Our results demonstrate that it can power up and communicate with millimeter-sized sensors at over 10 cm depths in fluids, as well as battery-free tags placed in a central organ of a swine. The implications of our new beamforming technology extend beyond miniature implantables. In particular, our results demonstrate that IVN can power up off-the-shelf passive RFIDs at distances of 38 m, i.e., 7.6× larger than the operation range of the same RFIDs.


HLK Radar Tool
LD2410B is a high-sensitivity 24GHz human presence status sensing moduledeveloped by Hi-link. Its working principle is to use FMCW frequency-modulated continuous waves to detect human targets in the set space. Combined with radar signal processing and precise human body sensing algorithms, it realizes high-sensitivity human presence status sensing, and can identify human bodies in motion and stationary states. And auxiliary information such as the distance of the target can be calculated.
This product is mainly used in indoor scenes to sense whether there is a moving or micro-moving human body in the area, and output the detection results in real time. The farthest sensing distance can reach 5 meters, and the distance resolution is 0.75m. Provides a visual configuration tool, which can easily configure the sensing distance range, sensing sensitivity in different intervals and unmanned delay time, etc., to adapt to different specific application needs.
Support GPIO and UART output, plug and play, and can be flexibly applied to different smart scenarios and terminal products.


What’s the Best Way to Get In Car Wi-Fi? Read This!
Everything is connected to the internet these days – including smartphones, smart fridges, laptops, televisions and cars. If you spend a lot of time behind the wheel, it’s likely that you’re in the kind of career where you need to remain in the loop and connected to the world at all times. A car that acts as a wi-fi hotspot could be an essential for staying in touch.
Forget about pagers, beepers and car phones. Some vehicle models are already equipped with on-board wi-fi – but if yours is not, then there are options including mobile hotspots and dongles for your car or OBD II port connections that can add this feature to your vehicle.
Installing wi-fi in your car is easy. Just find the right mobile hotspot for your car or OBD II hotspot. Combine this with the best data plans for wi-fi connected cars and you’re guaranteed to be connected on the road.
Using your phone’s mobile hotspot option can be unreliable on the road, and might even be unsafe; more than this, a phone used as a wi-fi hotspot can drain the battery life and shorten the eventual life of the device itself. Using a specialized hotspot for your car can extend the lifespan of your phone.
Here’s your complete guide on the best way to get in car wi-fi, including the best data plans for wi-fi connected cars, the best mobile hotspot devices for vehicle wi-fi and the best OBD II port hotspot devices for your car.
Why does your car need wi-fi?
We’d say why not. But of course, we might be a little biased about that! Here are some solid reasons why it could be useful to install a wi-fi hotspot in your car:
- Remain Connected: Business and life on the road can mean that you have a need to stay connected to colleagues, friends and loved ones while you travel – and at the same time, you want to have essential features at your fingertips without having to take your eyes off the road.
- Remain In-Sync: More than remaining connected with people, it’s also just as important to remain connected to devices. This means connecting your smartphone to your vehicle – and any other devices (such as screens) that your car might have. This is vital to sync up information between your devices so that you’re always in touch with essential information no matter where you are.
- Working on the Road: Working on the road can sometimes mean having to type up a report or write a few messages at a rest stop – but too often, nobody knows the wi-fi password (or wi-fi is unavailable or too pricy to be useful). Having a mobile hotspot in your car can solve this problem: As long as you are within close range of your car, you’ll remain connected.
- Essential Access: Searching with Google voice commands (“OK Google”), accessing online maps or making VoIP calls are just some things you might need internet for while you’re close to (or actively driving) your car. Connecting your vehicle with a wi-fi hotspot gives you access to essentials without having to distract from what’s most important.
- Vehicle Tracking: Some vehicle wi-fi hotspot devices also include the additional benefit of vehicle and device tracking. While this might not seem important now, there are many potential emergency situations – including theft, hijacking, medical emergencies or accidents – where this additional vehicle tracking feature could be a very literal lifesaver.
- Superior to Smartphones: Using a smartphone as a hotspot can shorten the lifespan of the phone and drain the battery life; it’s also known for being prone to signal loss – and it’s risky to keep a phone in a vehicle just for this purpose. Using a mobile hotspot specifically designed for your car removes all of the potential issues that comes with having to use your phone.
Convinced that wi-fi is the best possible option for your car yet?
Vehicles with Built-In Options
Some newer vehicles already have wi-fi options; it’s likely that if you own a vehicle made post-2017 that it could be a wi-fi including model. Check the manual or online description from the manufacturer if you think that you might have a vehicle that already has access to a wi-fi hotspot.
Of course, if you’re reading this guide, it’s likely that you don’t. Next, let’s talk about two available options for connecting your car – and then move to the best data plans for wi-fi connected cars.
Vehicle Mobile Hotspots versus OBD II Connections
There are two main ways to connect your vehicle to the internet with a wi-fi connection:
- Mobile Hotspot Devices (for Your Vehicle)
- OBD II Mobile Hotspot Devices
Mobile Hotspot Devices for your vehicle are the preferred option. These devices allow for your vehicle to have a wi-fi broadcasting connection – one that can be accessed as long as you are within range of your car.
This is immensely useful for working when close to your car; especially when stopping over at places where wi-fi is unavailable or slow.
Next, there are OBD II devices: These work, but they have become much less popular than the first choice. This is because they plug into your vehicle’s OBD II port – usually, the diagnostics system for your car.
Critics of OBD II mobile hotspot devices argue that these devices eventually wear faster because of the fact that the power connection from the OBD 2 port is not enough. Is there any truth to this? These days, OBD II devices have been better-designed, and vehicles have more capacity to handle this output.
We’ve selected the best of both worlds. See each section for a look at the best devices. Next, let’s talk about car-specific data plans that means staying connected for less.
The Best Data Plans for Wi-Fi Connected Cars
If you’re new to an in-car wifi connection, then you might still be stuck with your current data plan. The good news is that there are vehicle-specific wi-fi plans from some of the biggest providers like AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon.
Regular data plans meant for home, office or mobile use will normally provide an ample amount of data, although neither the speed nor available data is customized for in-car wifi.
Choosing a car-specific data plan has additional benefits: The amount of data that you pay for is relative to the amounts you are most likely to use through your vehicle hotspot, and some plans even include some of the hotspot devices for in-car wi-fi that are mentioned in this article together with your subscription.
Here are three of the best mobile data plans for car-specific wi-fi use.
- Connected Car from AT&T: Connected Car from AT&T was one of the first specific data plans for your car – and it also happens to be one of the best out there to this day. This is one of the only data plans giving you unlimited data for your vehicle – plus bonuses that you won’t see from other data providers.
- Verizon Connected Car Mobile Hotspot: Verizon’s connected car data plan offers a “powerful 4G mobile hotspot” together with an accompanying data plan for your vehicle. For many people, the addition of the mobile hotspot guaranteeing better on-the-road signal is worth it.
- T-Mobile SyncUp Drive: If the other two options on this list don’t match up with your mobile hotspot needs, check out SyncUp Drive from T-Mobile. This one happens to be more than just a vehicle data plan – it’s also an app that allows you to monitor essentials like data use (or emergency location) with your smartphone. It’s great for helping your hotspot to make your car a more intuitive asset to you.
Sure, it’s still an option for many people to use the tethering hotspot option on their android instead: But should you? Tethering cuts the lifespan of your device, could cause it to overheat – and signal is never as good as you can get out of a car-specific wifi dongle or device. Some mobile carriers also include extra charges for engaging hotspot tethering; this doesn’t happen when using wi-fi plans specifically tailored to catering for your car.
The Best Mobile Hotspots for Vehicle Wi-Fi
Let’s talk devices next.
Modems, routers and mobile hotspots can all be used to connect devices to a broadcasting wi-fi connection – but not all of these make ideal solutions for your car. Mobile hotspots specifically designed for car use are inexpensive and easy to install – in fact, in most cases, the only installation that has to be done is calibrating settings like the username and password.
- AT&T Velocity
The AT&T Velocity is portable and fast. What more do you need when it comes to a hotspot in your car? It can be connected to your car in the same way as you would attach a GPS so that it’s within view and reach at all times without being a distraction. This has even been called by some “the best wi-fi hotspot” if you’re looking to run it in your car. 4G capabilities means that speed is never lacking when you need it.
- The NetGear AirCard
NetGear is one of the world’s largest manufacturer’s of routers and hotspots. This is their answer to a fast, small mobile wi-fi router to keep you connected. While this model is a little more of an expense, many people consider it more than worth it – especially if you have high connectivity needs. Up to ten main devices can be connected to the AirCard and installation is as easy as using it.
The Zubie GPS Tracker & Mobile Hotspot is the preferred option for any driver who enjoys having access to a multi-use device. Simply, the Zubie is a lot like the Swiss Army Knife of hotspot devices – and in addition to connecting devices to the internet, this can also keep you on the right track. GPS location is a useful feature – and if you spend a lot of time driving to new locations, then this matters enough to make the Zubie the right model for you.
- Novatel Wireless
Novatel is a premier internet provider in the US and UK. Their answer to mobile wi-fi is the simple Novatel Wireless hotspot device that connects straight to your car – and has the ability to link up several devices. It’s primarily meant as a vehicle tracking system (and anti-theft device), but the manufacturer saw the additional benefit in allowing this device to do something more: Wi-Fi.
Ordering Tip: Make sure that your order the correct device for your area. Some mobile hotspot devices are UK or US-specific, and this can mean far too much fiddling with settings or drivers when you could have just ordered the correct device from the start.
The Best OBD Port Hotspots for Vehicle Wi-Fi
OBD Port connections also provide broadcasting wi-fi in your car. These are plugged into the OBD connection for your car, drawing power from the instrument panel.
Here are the three best OBD port hotspot connections for vehicle wi-fi:
- Huawei HiLink
The Huawei HiLink can be picked up for a steal, and it offers a powerful and fast 4G LTE connection that works with your existing data plan.
- Verizon Hum
Verizon is one of the world’s largest data providers, and their answer to the OBD port wi-fi connection is the simple Verizon Hum device. One of the added features for this one is a direct link to Google Assistant for better connectivity while you’re focused on the road.
- Vinli OBD Port Hotspot
The Vinli OBD Port Hotspot device is perhaps the most simplistic option on this list. If you’ve found other options too complicated (or you’re not sure about this car wi-fi thing just yet), start with this option and work your way to another.


Use your smartphone to control your motorhome or caravan by means of a simple app.
The ideal interface for using your smartphone to control your motorhome or caravan by means of a simple app. Teleco Hub operates via Bluetooth when nearby and via SMS from a distance. Operation via Bluetooth is completely free of charge, whereas controlling via SMS requires the installation in the Teleco HUB box of a Micro SIM CARD (either contract or PAYG).
Inputs: 2 digital channels (internal voltage 6 Volts)
Dimensions: 147x97x35 mm
This interface is also compatible with CI-BUS systems
It is used to connect the satellite antenna to the Teleco HUB control centre. Thanks to this solution, all Teleco DVBS2 satellite antennas are compatible with Teleco HUB, even those already installed in vehicles!
75 x 47 x 24 mm
Weight: 40 g
AIR CONDITIONER interface
Used to connect the Telair air conditioner to the Teleco HUB control centre. Thanks to this solution, all Telair Silent and DualCliama air conditioners are compatible with the Teleco HUB, even those already installed in vehicles!
69 x 42 x 22 mm
Weight: 40 g
What will you be able to do?
Turn the Telair air conditioner on or off, both for cooling and heating, so that the vehicle is at a comfortable temperature when you return to it.
Turn the TIG generator on or off so that you always have 230 Volt electricity available, or to recharge the battery.
Close the Flat Sat antenna remotely or activate the antenna to align it with a satellite (Bluetooth only).
Turn lights on or off. Check the temperature inside the vehicle, the battery level and the drinking and waste water levels, or whether the door or the rooflight is open or closed.
Alarm system with receipt of an SMS message in the event that someone starts up your vehicle. Activation on your smartphone of a system to track your vehicle on Google Maps. Note: In order to track your vehicle the SIM card installed in the Teleco HUB control centre must allow internet navigation.


Opportunity at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Quantum-Based SI Traceable Electric-Field Probe
Communications Technology Laboratory, Radio Frequency Technology Division
Please note: This Agency only participates in the February and August reviews.
|Holloway, Christopher L.
This work will investigate the possibility of using RF spectroscopy with Rydberg atoms to develop a highly accurate, precise electric field probe that has traceability to fundamental physical constants and SI units. E-fields have typically been determined from calculations traced to a power reference, which gives an indirect E-field measurement. The new probe is based on the interaction of RF-fields with Rydberg atoms, where alkali atoms are excited optically to Rydberg states and the applied RF-field alters the resonant state of the atoms. For this probe, the Rydberg atoms are placed in a glass vapor cell. This vapor cell acts like an RF-to-optical transducer, converting an RF E-field to an optical frequency response. The probe utilizes the concept of Electromagnetic Induced Transition (EIT), where the RF transition in the four-level atomic system causes a split of the transition spectrum for the pump laser. This splitting is easily measured and is directly proportional to the applied RF field amplitude. Therefore, by measuring this splitting we get a direct measurement of the RF E-field strength. Because of the accuracy, precision and traceability, this method has the potential to open new areas of science in field measurements. Possible applications for this probe are numerous, ranging from spectrum measurement to biomedical.
E field; Electric field; RF spectroscopy; Rydberg; SI;
Open to U.S. citizens
Open to Postdoctoral applicants


You may have recently seen the article about the FBI recommending that all IOT devices be placed onto their own networks for security purposes. The reason being that security in IoT devices has been notoriously bad and in some cases, non-existent.
That got me thinking about the chromecast that was sitting on my LAN and looking for solutions to make it more secure. The unfortunate thing about the chromecast is that it does not support WPA-EAP Security, only WPA-PSK. Lucky for me I also have an “Ultra” version which supports 4K and has an Ethernet port, without this Ethernet port I would be forced to dumb down my wifi to make the chromecast work.
What I found out, through much trial and error, is that chromecast uses mDNS to find the various network components needed to make the necessary connectivity. All of my attempts were failing due to the fact that the mDNS was not propagating across broadcast domains. The missing piece was “Avahi“, available in PfSense, which forwards mDNS requests across broadcast domains.
Once this package was in place, the chromecast was able to configure itself correctly in the wired DMZ portion of my network. Moreover, with the mDNS being forwarded across selected broadcast domains, WiFi clients are able to stream to the IoT device using the much more secure WPA-EAP protocol that is not supported via the wireless NIC on the chromecast, it only supports WPA-PSK.
This solution has the added benefit of allowing clients on the Guest WiFi (WPA-EAP VLAN99) to cast to the IoT device sitting in the DMZ. All of this is accomplished without enabling “Guest Mode” on the chromecast and without having to drop down to a less secure version of wifi security. Moreover, I found that I now have the ability to cast content from my PLEX server, connected over VPN , via LAN, DMZ, or the guest WiFi.
Therefore I’ve essentially setup my IoT device to work securely from 4 different networks while isolating it into a DMZ network with a little trial and error. Of course there are lots of firewall rules to make it all happen, if you want to know more head to the Home Lab section for the configuration specifics and some examples.


FreeDV: Digital Voice for HF
FreeDV is a GUI application for Windows, Linux and MacOS (BSD and Android in development) that allows any SSB radio to be used for low bit rate digital voice.
Speech is compressed down to 1600 bit/s then modulated onto a 1.25 kHz wide 16QPSK signal which is sent to the Mic input of a SSB radio. On receive, the signal is received by the SSB radio, then demodulated and decoded by FreeDV. Communications should be readable down to 2 dB S/N, and long-distance contacts are reported using 1-2 watts power.
FreeDV was built by an international team of Radio Amateurs working together on coding, design, user interface and testing. FreeDV is open source software, released under the GNU Public License version 2.1. The FDMDV modem and Codec 2 Speech codec used in FreeDV are also open source.
How much have you spent on Ham radio gear this year? How did it compare to FreeDV? FreeDV represents an open and free future for digital voice over Ham Radio. Please help by donating via PayPal (which also allows credit card donations):
The FreeDV developers have donated 1000's of hours of highly skilled engineering time. Your donation will reduce the out of pocket costs of the developers for hardware, travel, and FreeDV promotion at Ham events.
Would you like a new FreeDV feature? Please consider a bounty, e.g. $100 for feature x. We'll see if we can find a developer for you.
New Upgrade as of version 0.98.0
July 1 2015: "700" Robust mode added to decode at lower SNR (close to SSB) with lower speech quality. Squelch range now -5.0 to +15dB. Added option to enable/disable Checksum (error free) text encoding.
Amateur Radio is transitioning from analog to digital, much as it transitioned from AM to SSB in the 1950's and 1960's. How would you feel if one or two companies owned the patents for SSB, then forced you to use their technology, made it illegal to experiment with or even understand the technology, and insisted you stay locked to it for the next 100 years? That's exactly what was happening with digital voice. But now, hams are in control of their technology again!
FreeDV is unique as it uses 100% Open Source Software, including the audio codec. No secrets, nothing proprietary! FreeDV represents a path for 21st century Amateur Radio where Hams are free to experiment and innovate, rather than a future locked into a single manufacturers closed technology.
Watch this video of a FreeDV QSO.
Here is what you need:
- A SSB receiver or transceiver
- FreeDV software, download links are below.
- A Windows or Linux PC with one (receive only) or two sound cards.
- Cables to connect your PC to your SSB radio.
Test your Transmitter Frequency Response
When you play this 10 second 1 kHz to 2 kHz sweep .wav file through your transmitter, the power level should remain constant. If not, look for filtering and processing to turn off.
Connecting Your Radio
If you are lucky enough to have a "9600" input and output on your radio, this is the best connection for every digital mode, even 1200 packet, and your audio box should be configured for 9600 or "no pre-emphasis/de-emphasis" if it has that setting. If the radio's configuration menu has a 1200/9600 setting, leave it permanently on 9600.
The "9600" and "1200" settings are misnamed. "9600" should really be called "direct connection", and "1200" should be called "pre-emphasis". The pre-emphasis that comes with the 1200 setting doesn't help any digital mode. The 9600 connection is the most direct and unprocessed path to the modulator and demodulator of your radio.
Those who don't have a special connection for digital modes can use the normal audio inputs and outputs of your radio. The same cables and hardware that you use for other digital modes that are based on PC programs will work with FreeDV, but you will need a second sound interface for the microphone and speaker connections to the FreeDV program. A USB headset of the sort used by gamers is all you need for the second sound interface.
Configuring Your Radio
Turn off as much processing as possible. In general noise blankers, DSP band limit filtering and narrow bandpass filters are more likely to hurt than help, while compression, DSP noise or carrier elimination, and voice processing are definitely wrong for Digital modes. FreeDV's HF modem does its own DSP, and in general this is true for other digital programs as well.
You can see the received effect of different settings in the S/N (signal to noise ratio) display of FreeDV. A higher S/N is better.
Drive your transmitter and amplifier so that it emits 10% to 20% of its rated power continuously. There is a 12 dB peak-to-average power ratio in our HF modem, and peak clipping in your amplifier will reduce the received S/N. Modern transmitters and amplifiers are only as linear, and only have as much headroom, as is necessary for voice SSB, thus we suggest you maintain amplifier headroom by operating well below your full power output. FreeDV is more efficient than SSB voice, and will achieve similar range to an SSB signal driven at higher levels, and better audio quality. We encourage you to ask manufacturers and reviewers to start rating transmitter and amplifier linearity and headroom for digital modes, not just SSB voice.
- Windows 32-bit Installer.
- Macintosh OSX.
- Debian package repository, Wheezy x86 and amd64.
- Repositories for Fedora, RHEL, and derivatives have moved to a Fedora COPR Repository located here.
- Android under development.
You can also build from source code, project files are in the fdmdv2 and codec2 folders. The folders with "-dev" appended are under development and not guaranteed to work. Information on how to set up read-only access to Subversion is here.
Quick Start Guide
Several start-up guides are available
USA, 14.236 MHz
Login to FreeDV QSO Finder for list of frequencies (see Links below)
Please post your questions to the "Digital Voice" Google group: digitalvoice at googlegroups.com
|Subscribe to digitalvoice|
Design & Key Features
- Codec 2 voice codec and FDMDV modem
- 50 baud 16 QPSK voice data
- 1 Center BPSK carrier with 2x power for fast and robust synchronisation.
- 1.25 kHz spectrum bandwidth (half SSB) with 75 Hz carrier spacing
- 1400 bit/s data rate with 1375 bit/s voice coding, 25 bit/s text for call sign ID, 200 bit/s FEC.
- No interleaving in time, resulting in low latency, fast synchronization and quick recovery from fades.
- 44.1 or 48kHz sample rate sound card compatible
- Cross platform, runs on Linux, Windows, MacOS, BSD, and a Java version runs on Android.
- Open source, patent free Codec and Modem that anyone can experiment with and modify
- Waterfall, spectrum, scatter and audio oscilliscope displays.
- Adjustable squelch
- Fast/slow SNR estimation
- Microphone and Speaker signal audio Equaliser
- Control of Transmitter PTT via RS232 levels
- Works with one (receive only) or two (transmit and receive) sound cards, for example a built in sound card and USB headphones.
FreeDV was coded from scratch by David Witten (GUI, architecture) and David Rowe (Codec 2, modem implementation, integration).
The FreeDV design and user interface is based on FDMDV, which was developed by Francesco Lanza, HB9TLK. Francesco received advice on modem design from Peter Martinez G3PLX, who has also advised David on the FDMDV modem used in FreeDV.
Mel Whitten, K0PFX has contributed greatly to the design, testing and promotion of several Digital Voice systems, including FDMDV. This practical experience has led to the current design – a fast sync, no FEC, low latency system that gives a “SSB” type feel for operators. Mel and a team of alpha testers (Gerry, N4DVR; Jim, K3DCC; Rick, WA6NUT; Tony, K2MO) provided feedback on usability and design of FreeDV.
Bruce Perens has been a thought leader on open source, patent free voice codecs for Amateur Radio. He has inspired, promoted and encouraged the development of Codec 2 and FreeDV.
As development continues, a great many people are pitching in whom we have not credited on this web site, but we appreciate all of their work.
There is a free, if somewhat old, wxWidgets book that you can download here.
Google DigitalVoice group
FDMDV Digital Voice Resource Page
Codec 2 Voice Codec
Why Open Source Digital Voice Is Important
Notes for users of Tigertronics rig interfaces
K7VE's FreeDV QSO Finder
David Rowe interviewed about CODEC2
HamRadioNow.tv Episode 81 Bruce Parens and Mel Whitten interview at Dayton Hamvention 2013
Q1: Is there any way to save the screen settings when you drag the tabs to multiple windows on the main screen?
A1: No, as we can't work out how to support saving and restoring this information with wxWidgets.
1. Starting FreeDV first thing this morning resulted in a dialog with an error message:
../src/msw/bitmap.cpp(846):assert "image.IsOk()" failed in
CreateFromImage(): invalid image
Solution: manually remove all FreeDV values in the Registry.
This is obviously not a great solution. But for those who encounter this, the key to remove is:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\CODEC2-Project and everything under it in the heirarchy. It will be recreated when you reopen the program. You will have to reconfigure your sound card and PTT settings.
This is usually done using the 'regedit' command. You need to open a command window (aka a 'DOS' window). To use this command, open Start->Accessorys->Command Prompt. Then enter the command and a graphical display of your system's registry will appear. Click on HKEY_CURRENT_USERS to expand it and you will see 'Software' Expand this in the same way, and you should see CODEC2-Project. Highlight this and delete it. It and ll of its subkeys will be removed. Then close the registry editor and the Command Window. All traces of FreeDV should now be gone.
2. The Tools - Record/Play file feature doesn't work with my wave file!
Currently the "Play File - Mic In" feature only supports 8 kHz sample rate, 16 bit integer samples. Try converting your wave file to that format.
FreeDV Features TODO List
EQ way to export/import filter params as a text string for sharing
EQ Window floating such that user can toggle PTT without closing filter window
Improved click tune acquisition range
FDMDV style Waterfall option with red line indicating expected spectrum
Play File To Radio Feature
Better names for record/play file features
Record/Play files at different sample rates
Determine if new version is availble via HTML
Waterfall ID, optionally send ID signal that renders as image on waterfall display
Limit waterfall/spectrum x axis to 200-2800Hz to block of low end noise from Signal link boxes
(done)Half duplex mode to mute tx audio on Rx, un mute on PTT (v0.91)
(done)Uncheck squelch when in analog mode (v0.91)
(done)When FreeDV is in focus, space bar control of PTT (toggle of TX/RX)
Consider reducing varicode character set to reduce induced errors
(done)Speex noise suppression on mic input option
FreeDV Minor bug list
Crashes when waterfall size reduced to very small values
Blue-green-red waterfall display shows black at maximum signal, as it
does at minimum signal.
Support 96 kHz sample rates, make sure rate selection and max internal max
12kHz, the "Record 2s" button
Review receiver input level bargraph "Too High" setting
Call sign not preserved between re-starts
Setting record time on Windows
Position of loop and record time controls on play/record dialogs
Try smaller FIFO buffers to reduce latency
Try to reduce number of empty buffer events, e.g. with thread priority


Ekahau Sidekick™, the First All-in-One Wi-Fi Site Survey Device released!
RESTON, VIRGINIA – September 7, 2017 -- Wearable Wi-Fi Diagnostics and Measurement Tool Redefines How Enterprise Wireless Networks Are Designed. Ekahau, the global leader in Wi-Fi network design solutions, today announced the launch and general availability of its new Ekahau Sidekick™ site survey device.
November 25, 2016
Ekahau RTLS Business Acquired by AiRISTA Flow
The Ekahau RTLS business has been acquired by AiRISTA Flow. This means that Ekahau nowadays focuces only on Wi-Fi Design Tools such as Ekahau Site Survey and Ekahau Mobile Survey.


(as of Feb 08,2021 06:42:04 UTC – Details)
Dell Inspiron, Latitude, Precision, Vostro, XPS Select Series Mini-PCI Express 802.11 a/b/g/n 300Mbps Laptop Wireless Card The 2.4/5 GHz Wireless-N WiFi Link 4965AGN Mini-Card from Dell adds 802.11n standard Wi-Fi capabilities to your laptops that support PCI Express Mini-Card interface. With data transfer rates of 300 Mbps, the 4965AGN Wireless-N network connection has all the speed you need to keep your friends and family connected wirelessly throughout the home. It is a dual-band card and supports 802.11 a/b/g modes as well as 802.11 draft n.
Part Number: MK933
Alt. Part Number(s): 0MK933, 0UT121
Category: Dell Laptop Wireless Accessories


Giant Neostrack GPS Cycle
- High-sensitivity GPS receiver
- Real-time Di2 gearing, gear ratios and battery charge level
- Auto sync with TrainingPeaks and Turn by turn guidance
- Integrated FTP/LTHR testing protocols
- Large easy-to-read 2.6” LCD Anti-glare display with battery life of up to 33 hours on a single charge
Out of stock
Designed with help from the riders of Team Sunweb, the all new NeosTrack GPS Cycling Computer is engineered to provide riders with the information they need to push the limits of performance. With integrated FTP/LTHR test protocols, Auto-Sync capabilities, and even turn by turn route guidance, the NeosTrack is your pocket sized training partner. What’s more, NeosTrack boasts a battery life of up to 33 hours on a single charge and features Bluetooth technology to seamlessly connect with smartphones. It also features ANT+ technology for compatibility with most ANT+ power meters and training sensors currently available in the market.


- Supports 9th and 8th Gen Intel® Core™ processors (Socket 1151)
- Supports DDR4 2666
- 2 PCIe 3.0 x16, 2 PCIe 3.0 x1, 1 M.2 Key E for WiFi
- AMD Quad CrossFireX™
- Graphics Output Options: HDMI, DVI-D, D-Sub
- 7.1 CH HD Audio (Realtek ALC892 Audio Codec), ELNA Audio Caps
- 6 SATA3, 2 Ultra M.2 (1 x PCIe Gen3 x4 & SATA3, 1 x PCIe Gen3 x4)
- 8 USB 3.1 Gen1 (2 Front, 5 Rear, 1 Type-C)
- Intel® Gigabit LAN
REVOLUTIONARY B365 MOTHERBOARDS : Your PC Transformed Style . More reliable. Design that delivers.
RULE YOUR OWN LIGHTING WAY – POLYCHROME RGB
This motherboard features onboard RGB headers and an addressable RGB header that allow motherboard to be connected to compatible LED devices such as strip, CPU fans, coolers, chassis and so on. Users may also synchronize RGB LED devices across the Polychrome RGB Sync-certified accessories to create their own unique lighting effects. *The addressable RGB LED header supports WS2812B addressable RGB LED strip (5V/Data/GND), with a maximum power rating of 3A (5V), a max of 80 LEDs and length within 2 meters.
*The RGB LED header supports standard 5050 RGB LED strip (12V/G/R/B), with a maximum power rating of 3A (12V) and length within 2 meters.
XXL Aluminum Alloy Heatsink
Extra large aluminum alloy heat sinks that effectively take away heat from the MOSFET and chipset so that your whole system may perform more stable.
Full Coverage M.2 Heatsink
A massive full coverage M.2 heatsink that is able to dissipate heat efficiently to ensure your high speed M.2 SSD always working at its best.
Intel® LAN provides the best throughput performance, lower CPU utilization, enhanced stability and is able to deliver ultimate network experience to users!
Intel® Optane™ Memory Ready
Supports Intel® Optane™ memory technology and Intel® Optane™ storage technology that redefines a new standard of high performance and responsiveness.
Graphics, graphics and even more graphics! You’ve demanded for more eye candy, so this motherboard supports Triple Monitor. You may choose up to three display interfaces from the rear i/o to connect monitors and use them simultaneously without installing another graphics card.
M.2 (KEY E) For WiFi
Besides the onboard LAN port, users may also choose 802.11ac wireless connections by M.2 (Key E) slot.
*Wi-Fi module is not included.
This motherboard uses a next generation Hybrid Digi Power design to bring precise control and smooth power. With the ensured efficient and clean power delivery to the CPU, the stability and lifespan of motherboard is also greatly enhanced.
ELNA Audio Caps
Who says high quality audio is only available on high-end motherboards? ASRock applied ELNA audio capacitors on mainstream and entry-level motherboards! Compared with traditional solid caps, the leakage current of ELNA audio caps is merely 3uA. This is the key to reduce noise level significantly and satisfy even the pickiest audiophiles.
Full Spike Protection
Some sensitive digital components on the motherboard are vulnerable to power surges, the excessive current may cause your system to malfunction immediately. ASRock Full Spike Protection includes various technologies to prevent your motherboard’s components from being damaged by these unexpected voltage spikes.


From the definition „sound is a mechanical vibration of a medium in the hearing range“, we have already covered a part of a medium, but „what is the hearing range“?
The hearing range is the range between the lowest and the highest audible frequency. For a human, this is between 20 Hz and 20 kHz (20,000 Hz). Different animal species have different hearing ranges. For example, a mouse can hear from 1 kHz to 100 kHz and a chicken from 125 Hz to 2 kHz.
Now we have covered the whole definition of sound: we know what a medium is and how the speed of sound behaves in it, and we know what the hearing range is.
Previously we have said that a sound/signal is defined with two parameters: frequency and amplitude. As there is a definition for the hearing range in frequency, there are also limits in amplitude: what is the quietest sound we can hear and what is the loudest sound we can bear?
The amplitude range for a human hearing is defined between 0 and 120 dB, where 0 dB is the „loudness“ of breathing, and 120 dB is a threshold of pain.
dB is not really a unit, but a logarithmic way to define a ratio between a reference signal and a measured signal.
0 dB means that the ratio between a reference and a measured signal is 1:1, while 120 dB is 1:1,000,000, therefore we can't bear the sound that is a million times louder than our breathing. Another interesting ratio is 6 dB (1:2).
Just to give you a real life example of what dB means as a noise:
0 dB – minimal perceivable sound
30 dB – whisper
60 dB – conversation
98 db – hand drill
115 dB – loud rock concert
120 dB – pain threshold
140 dB – jet engine
180 dB – death of hearing tissue
In music notation, we use two extremes for the loudness definition: ppp (pianississimo, which equals to whispering) and fff (fortississimo, equal to yelling).


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Support For MagicJack
MagicJack is a device that has helped people whose relatives reside in the US and Canada get access to a service which can eliminate the high cost of calling them. But as everything has its pros and cones, even this has issue, which users can face in a number of forms. The lack of knowledge and technical expertise can prove hurdle for any user in carrying out the troubleshooting.
MagicJack is among the most trusted names in VOIP telecommunications. In simple words, it is a device that can be plugged into the USB port of a computer, which must have a standard phone jack RJ-11, into which any standard phone can be plugged. It a plug and play device that can help you in making free calls to any phone numbers in the US and Canada, irrespective of where you are or from where you are calling. magicJack is a computer peripheral that in association with YMAX Corporation delivers VOIP services in the US and Canada. Seeing the increasing demand, the company came up with a new program referred as magicJack Plus, which eliminated the need of a computer and worked using only an internet connection.
General Services Included are :
- Setting up your Hardware..
- Diagnostic and repair support for your MagicJack
- Ensuring You are getting crystal clear audio quality.
- Fixing problems while sending and receiving faxes using MagicJack.
- Setting, configuration of Router & networking adapter on computers/devices and making it working for MagicJack
- Ensuring No conflicts with other devices installed on your computer
Common problems with Magic Jack :
- Not working in the router
- Problems with phone service
- Installation problems
- USB connectivity Issues
- iPhone app error 20
- Magic Jack USB electrical power problem
- Annoyed by popup screen when your Magic Jack gets a call
- Not working with Alarm system
- Telephone not supported
- Receiving or making calls via this service might lead to problems
- Starting magicJack on computer might lead to errors
- Magic Jack Hardware might freeze and stop working
- Sometimes the telephone on incoming call stops ringing
Availing technical support for magicJack from us can help in clearing all your doubts and resolving all your errors. Support here is presented all round the clock and can be availed on any day of the week. The first call resolution rate is much high, which can offer not just our old, but even new customers a sense of confidence.


Why AIM Systems Network Is Different
AIM Systems Network, Inc. takes a new approach to controlling your sensor network by ensuring the Building Automation Network controller is “load balanced” under heavy network loads or demands which is critical when pushing Petabytes of data from various buildings throughout the network. Further, our customizable controller allows network provisioning in minutes rather than days, saving hundreds of cumulative labor hours. This frees up your provisionary workload allowing your staff to focus on other areas of your network. Our network integrates seamlessly with other network protocols such as BACNet, LONWorks, ModBus, and KNX via a gateway.
AIM Systems Network is primarily focused in the energy management market using Title 24 compliant LED lighting products, a cutting edge customizable controller and network switches. All of our wireless sensors, switches and room controllers use the EnOcean protocol which incorporates energy harvesting technology which is “batteryless”. In the near future we are also providing a unique gas and water valve offering critical protection against damage of sensitive high value assets, products, research materials, sensitive test or medical equipment and protecting the overall building and it’s inhabitants. Our devices integrates with our existing management software to give you additional reporting.
Our sensor network works dynamically to ensure data packet drop rate is minimized by using a robust transceiver & gateway. Before the data leaves the building, it is standardized, securitized, then flows to the public switched network for cloud computing. Once processed, the data is turned into manageable, understandable information via our user interface (and via an App for mobility users.) Our customized data analytical modules gives critical and specific reporting in real time.
About AIM Systems Network, Inc. and What We Do
AIM Systems Network, Inc. Wireless Sensor Network allows rapid deployment of new applications and services aimed at decreasing cost or increasing security, stability, or availability in the network. The Network encompasses a robust load balancing controller that has the following key features:
- Enterprise-class platform for the delivery of a broad range of network innovations
- Compliant with many building automation protocols
- Support for numerous switches
- Open API’s for applications
- Extensible, scalable, resilient controller architecture
- Versatile; supporting multiple applications and sensors that are application specific – customizable.
- Flexible; policy changes are easy to enforce throughout the entire network.
- Easy to manage through a network management application.
AIM Systems Network will provide buildings a more energy efficient, flexible and cost effective system. Our software provides a unified control point in the network simplifying management, provisioning, and orchestration. Our sensors collectively gather and process data, enabling analytics that transform the raw data into actionable information for energy usage optimization in buildings.
- Utilizing Building Analytics can manage your entire energy portfolio and resolve building operational issues by use of real time information, trending which points out root causes, diagnostics which gives you the ability to determine individual and overall equipment performances which optimizes energy usage and powerful algorithms to turn it into actionable intelligence. Our network will continually review the performance of one piece of equipment, an entire building, or compare hundreds of facilities around the world. Monitor and report on energy efficiency. Pinpoint equipment that’s wasting energy. Assess the effectiveness of retrofit projects.
Don Stecker and Floyd Masalta created the vision for AIM Systems Network, Inc. and they are responsible for steering the company’s strategic course.
Don’s 25-year track record as an entrepreneurial leader of cutting-edge technology companies and high-growth business includes serving at the helm, consulting, and holding various C level and executive positions with early stage, middle market and publically held companies. He earned a BS in accounting from California State Polytechnic University Pomona, California.
Floyd Masalta is responsible for delivering AIM Systems Network products and solutions to customers, creating a space in the building automation channel that will allow the enterprise market to take advantage of the company’s network offerings. He brings to his role more than 25 years as a sales leader in all aspect of building control where he has proven himself adept at developing and implementing innovative marketing and sales strategies. He has held various managerial positions in privately , and publically held companies.
AIM Systems Network Is Focused In Providing The Following Services
- Energy Management Consultation on New and Retro-Fit projects.
- Energy audits and reporting
- Lighting systems
- Air handling systems
- Heating systems
- Automatic controls
- Chiller or Water cooling systems
- Engineering & Design of Wireless Sensor Systems
- Installation, Turn-Up & Commissioning
- Build Customized API’s And Software To Efficiently Manage Data From The Switches To The Controller.
- Project Financing Through Capital Leases, Operating Leases, PACE Financing And Shared Savings Agreements.
AIM Systems Network Inc. Offers The Following Products
- Energy Management Solutions
- Wireless Lighting Control Systems That Integrate With Lighting Infrastructure
- Wireless Lighting with Surveillance Capabilities
- HVAC Sensing Components
- Natural Gas Sensors
- Water Sensors
- Electrical Sensors and Switches
- Controllers & Gateways
- Software That Communicates With Internet Enabled Smart Devices
- Cloud Based Data Analytics
Aim Systems Wireless Network lighting products are Title 24 compliant and focuses on energy management for building automation. Our engineering & energy consulting services will support your project from conceptualization through installation and commissioning. Further, Aim Systems software and energy sensors including services can help support LEED accreditation.
Our Vertical Markets Include
- New Building
- Retro Fit Buildings
- Military Installations
- Health Care
AIM Systems Network, Inc.


Bangladesh telecom industry has made a tremendous growth in the past decade and is poised for significant achievements in the next decade. It is the 10th largest market worldwide in terms of unique mobile subscribers. By 2014, the subscribers’ number has become almost 120 million. The strong growth in telecom has been helped enormously by the deregulation of the country’s telecom sector along with the introduction of the 3G technology. The number of mobile phone users in Bangladesh has grown rapidly; in 2003 subscriber penetration was only 1%, and in ten years this grew to 40%. The sector has 6 mobile phone operators and it is rapidly progressing towards growth.


The LA-122 unit is a fully analog monitor controller, featuring a very high level of audio fidelity suitable for recording studios that require maximum audio performance.
The analog circuitry is based on passive and active electronic components of very high performance in order to guarantee the highest audio quality.
All the commutations are carried out on balanced lines and are enslaved to hight quality relays that guarantee commutations free from any imperfection.
All commutations are controlled by logic circuits.
The LA-122 Monitor Controller can select 4 inputs (INPUT, AUX, DAC and MIX) and switch them to 4 different speaker systems (OUTPUT: 1, 2, 3, 4).
The selection of the source and of the monitoring system is done by some illuminated rocker buttons. All commutations are microprocessor controlled.
The inputs connections to the monitor controller are:
- AUX, balanced with connector
- XLR, switching for unbalanced input with level control and RCA socket on the rear panel plus JACK TRS on the front panel. The AUX input also provides a balanced output
on the rear panel. This function (independent of the monitoring function) allows you to connect an unbalanced analog source (CD etc) to a balanced input.
- MIX, Balanced, rear DB 25 connector, to connect analog output (mixer) with standard level +4 dBu.
- ADC, Balanced, rear DB 25 connector, to connect high level analog output (mixer), normally used for digital converter.
- Trimmer for standard level control +4 dBu.
- DAC, Balanced, rear DB 25 connector, to connect the converter output normally at high level. Trimmer for level control. standard +4 dBu.
The control section processes the selected input source using the following controls:
- Volume: Large knob (Level) which can control a high precision potentiometer, or can control a motorized potentiometer.
In this last case the potentiometer can also be rotated remotely using the remote control that we can connect to the monitor controller
In the control section there are also the MONO button and two MUTE buttons for muting the LEFT or RIGHT channels.
These switches, MONO, MUTE LEFT AND MUTE RIGHT are essential in order to be able to pay maximum attention to the sonic details of our stereo tracks.
- The DIM button lowers the volume on the outputs to the level set by the DIM PAD potentiometer. Control range from -12 dB to infinity.
The whole internal audio chain works on a balanced line.
The LA-122 monitor controller is equipped with a talkback system. The Talk uses an electret-type condenser microphone. There are two XLR inputs.
The first seat on the front panel is used with a gooseneck-mounted microphone when the talk system is installed at the workplace.
The second, located on the rear panel, is used, via a standard XLR / XLR cable, to connect a remote microphone.
This solution is used when the LA-502 unit is positioned in an inaccessible way (eg a Rack cabinet).
The talkback button activates the microphone amplifier and DIM control.
The talkback signal is sent to a balanced output located on the rear panel (XLR connector - level + 4 dBu).
An additional jack on the rear panel provides relay switching controlled by the talk button. This switch can be used both to control audio signals and to control lights, relays etc.
The level of the signal coming from the talk microphone can be controlled using the Talk Level knob on the front panel.
The switching of 4 loudspeaker systems is foreseen. All outputs are balanced and use a DB-25 connector on the rear panel.
Switching is carried out with 4 pushbuttons with indicator light.
It is guaranteed that the inputs of the 3 unused loudspeaker systems are always connected to ground in order to avoid any disturbance or crosstalk.
The remote control to be used when the LA-122 is installed in an inaccessible position duplicates all controls on the front panel.
All the switches, controlled by a microprocessor, are accessible either on the front panel or on the remote control.
The remote control connection cable (RJ 45) does not carry audio signals, but only switching signals and therefore without the possibility of disturbances and has a length limit of over 20m.
The system is equipped with a high quality headphone amplifier capable of driving high power headphones with impedance> 30 ohms.
Inserting the headphone jack mutes the speaker output but leaves the selection active.
An indicator light placed under the three buttons that select the outputs warns that the outputs are disabled
CONNECTION OF A METERING UNIT
It is possible to connect an external metering unit using an accessory (cable), supplied on request.
Compared to its market competitors, the LA-122 monitor controller is a unit of very high sound performance and very high quality switching systems.
The choice was to design a completely analog unit in order to obtain the maximum audio performance.
At the same time, this monitor controller is characterized by a series of solutions that make it extremely convenient:
- front analog AUX IN input on the front panel with automatic deselection of the AUX IN input on the rear panel for "on the fly" connection of portable audio sources.
- Talkback system with automatic DIM and with relay for switching an external signal enslaved by the talkback command.
The LA-122 monitor controller is available in a manual volume control version and a remote volume control version
by using a motorized potentiometer without using VCA which would inevitably lead to a deterioration in the quality of the output signal.
It is possible to transform the non-motorized version into the motorized version by means of a low-cost “factory” intervention.
The unit is currently in production


‘Connecting Europe’ earmarks over €1 billion for innovative connectivity
The European Commission has just adopted the first work programme for the digital part of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF Digital), focusing on improvements to Europe's digital connectivity infrastructures for three years (2021-2023).
The Connecting Europe Facility encourages public and private investments and will contribute to connectivity projects of common EU interest and to the creation of safe, secure and sustainable high-performance infrastructures, such as gigabit and 5G networks across the EU. Improving Europe’s connectivity infrastructure will be key to achieving Europe’s digital transformation, as outlined in the ‘Path to the Digital Decade’, and to ensuring that all European households have access to gigabit connectivity and all inhabited areas have 5G coverage by 2030.
The Connecting Europe Facility funding programme will also strengthen connectivity networks by supporting new or upgraded backbone infrastructures in the EU and in connection with third countries. This is essential for the interconnection of digital capabilities such as cloud, data and computing, which are in line with the EU’s goal of maintaining digital sovereignty.
The key measures of ‘Connecting Europe’
CEF Digital is expected to support the following key actions:
- The deployment of 5G infrastructures in Europe, in particular 5G coverage along cross-border corridors and 5G for smart communities.
- The deployment of new or significant upgrade of existing backbone networks, including cloud federations, ultra-secure quantum communication infrastructures and submarine cables, to improve the performance of the electronic communications networks within and between Member States and between the Union and third countries.
- The implementation of digital connectivity infrastructures related to cross-border projects in the areas of transport or energy and/or supporting operational digital platforms directly associated to transport or energy infrastructures.
Europe’s Digital Decade
The first calls for the digital Connecting Europe Facility will be published in early January 2022. With a planned budget of up to €2 billion until 2027, the Connecting Europe Facility will underpin the digital transformation and the objectives of Europe’s Digital Decade in fixed and mobile connectivity.
It is part of the Connecting Europe Facility programme, which supports investment in trans-European digital, transport and energy networks, worth €33.7 billion from 2021 to 2027.
The first generation of the Connecting Europe Facility 2014-2020 improved the infrastructures that connect Member States and brought free Wi-Fi to local communities through the WiFi4EU programme. It also supported the deployment of very-high capacity networks in rural and semi-rural areas across Europe via the Connecting Europe Broadband Fund (CEBF).


Has working from home given 5G its first ‘killer application’?
With the world in lockdown we are seeing further shifts in how technology and telecommunications play a role in our lives. Text-based messaging for the younger generation and phone calls for those less savvy have been the dominant communication paradigms for the mobile age. At work, many of us are familiar with the “sorry, I was on mute” audio conference call. However, the past few weeks have suggested that these forms of communication may not be up to scratch with our evolving needs.
Locked in social isolation, an increased importance has been placed on replicating physical interactions; be it going to the pub with your friends, having a client meeting, family reunions or a simple heartfelt conversation.
Voice or emojis alone cannot convey the facial expressions and body language conveyed through a crystal-clear HD video connection. At work it’s a lot easier to read the room and tell if someone is on mute on a Teams video call. As a result, we’ve seen an emergence of video-first apps like Zoom and Houseparty, as well as spikes in video calling on Skype, Google Hangouts and Facetime.
This, combined with a growth in the consumption of video streaming, has increased the amount of data and bandwidth we now routinely require.
Lockdown demands accelerated use of mobile broadband
In the US, Verizon are reporting usage increases of 115% for online gaming and AT&T have suggested they’re seeing all-time highs for Netflix traffic on their US network.
Fast, reliable internet is now a core requirement as opposed to being just a luxury. Yet that requirement is most often being powered by humble home broadband connections.
Openreach in the UK, who power most of the country’s broadband infrastructure, reported daytime traffic hitting 51 Petabytes (PB) per day at the end of March up from 28PB three weeks prior (note: 1PB = 1,000,000GB). Awin data for UK Broadband purchases has also mirrored this surge in demand with March seeing some of the highest sale days in 2020.
That being said, a number of telecoms companies are now limiting installations, causing a rethink on the role of mobile internet. Mobile internet was historically just for using on the go as home connections had long been seen as more reliable, with mobile-powered broadband being a smaller niche product.
However, with supply of wired broadband being impacted our data shows that we are starting to see increases in mobile broadband products. Awin UK data has shown an increase of 88% in March compared to the prior month.
Similar rises for mobile broadband products are also being reported by several of Awin’s telecoms advertisers in Europe. With some consumers on slower copper-based connections, unable to move to fibre, mobile home broadband is now seen as a viable, reliable, and desirable alternative.
There are also a number of initiatives being pushed out that are introducing mobile connectivity to new audiences. Major networks across the UK, US and Europe are giving free data to allow people to access content and remain connected in these challenging times.
Telekom in Germany is just one example, providing 10,000 nursing homes with a smartphone featuring 10GB data per month for a symbolic €1, with no monthly fees for 24 months. This is unlocking the full potential of mobile connectivity for people whose current mobile phone experience may be limited to an old Nokia phone.
Is 4G reaching its limit?
As we use more mobile data, we will of course begin to push the limits of what 4G LTE technology can cope with. Whilst 5G has featured relatively prominently in advertising, there’s not been the consumer demand to match it.
Numerous 5G handsets have launched over the past year but it’s still not a mass market feature. Samsung included 5G as standard within its Galaxy S20+ and Galaxy S20 Ultra phones but, with poorer than expected sales figures, 5G still isn’t a volume-driving feature.
In fact, the technology has received more press in recent weeks for the baseless internet conspiracy theories suggesting links between it and the onset of the global pandemic, rather than for its technological promise.
However, based on what’s happened in the past with other major wireless standard changes, perhaps consumer demand is now ripe to fulfil that promise. With the world in lockdown, 5G may have finally found its ‘killer application’.
Evolving consumer appetites suggest 5G’s time may be arriving
Its often forgotten these days, but back in 2007 the original iPhone was criticised for initially only supporting EDGE (2G). Despite being marketed as the gateway to a mobile web, the iPhone’s original 2G speeds meant users were often frustrated with the slow load times on anything too image heavy. This need for speed drove consumers to quickly adopt 3G on their smartphones.
However, 3G’s limits soon began to be tested as services like Instagram emerged and people started watching YouTube on the go.
4G’s subsequent roll-out across the world in the early 2010s enabled more mobile video consumption. We could now watch Tiger King on the train or upload videos to TikTok and Instagram stories in under a minute.
The reason for 5G’s slow adoption has simply been because 4G has been good enough for our current needs.
That is until now. The global lockdown has established new consumer behaviours that are making us ever more reliant upon data-heavy video communication. And this isn’t just a demand that is coming from early-adopting digital natives either, it’s across huge swathes of the general population.
Personally speaking, my parents frequently call me now on Google Duo by default; where I meet my friends is dictated by which service supports multiple video feeds at once; and working from home means ensuring I’m out of my pyjamas for 9am, knowing every meeting will involve being on camera.
When the lockdown is finally all over, I truly believe we won’t be willing to go back to making a phone call by pressing an expensive glass screen against our ears. Instead, video calling will be the new default for communication.
If this does happen, 5G will be key in enabling this change as the low latency and speeds will be key in ensuring the video quality required. Combined with the likely increased adoption of data heavy internet usage around the world following the lockdown and the ever-growing demand for high quality video consumption, regardless of location, 5G may finally be about to have its ‘moment’.
If so, I’ll also be investing in a camera-friendly skincare routine.


SCI is a leading provider of operational and technical expertise focused exclusively on the Payment Systems marketplace. Technology and innovation go hand in hand and drive each other forward. Read below for an article on how 5G could shape the future of banking.
Dominic Venturo gets animated when he talks about the possibilities of 5G, the high-speed network technology Verizon and AT&T have begun rolling out across the country.
“5G will begin to unlock some interesting things that we’ve dreamt about or imagined for some time,” said Venturo, the chief innovation officer at U.S. Bank. “5G is exponentially more powerful than 4G; it has such low latency and such high bandwidth that for a lot of applications, it will make a lot of sense to use 5G instead of Wi-Fi.”
Jeremy K. Balkin, head of innovation, retail banking and wealth management at HSBC USA, has a similarly enthusiastic take.
“Banking today is an experience that our customers want when, where and how they choose,” he said. “The benefits of 5G networks offer next-generation mobile internet connectivity, faster speeds and more reliable connections on smartphones and other devices, which we believe will benefit all consumers.”
What will the future of banking look like?
5G may help Venturo revive projects in his innovation lab he has had to set aside because network technology could not support them.
For instance, several years ago his team piloted an app in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area that used location awareness and augmented reality to display offers from local merchants over the image customers saw on their cameras.
If a customer wanted to see local restaurant deals at lunchtime, she could point her phone down a street and see offers dangling out in front of the businesses.
But wireless networks were not quite ready for this.
“We had to put so much of the smarts of that solution into the mobile app that you ended up with a lot of compute on the phone, which drained the battery,” Venturo said. And the heavy data traffic between phone and network made the visual display choppy.
“5G begins to unlock that kind of capability,” Venturo said.
Click here to read more on how 5G technology will intergrate into existing technology.


Organizations' business is entirely dependent on their IT infrastructure. The maximum uptime of IT Infrastructure leads to uninterrupted business, which in turn results in revenue profits for Organization. Remote Infrastructure Management provides cost effective 24*7 operations to support global time zones for Client's business. Internet Data center estimation puts IT infrastructure components more than 85% of the total business spread over the globe that can be managed remotely with the advancements in internet and communication technologies. Remote Infrastructure Management includes the monitoring and management of client's business critical IT infrastructure through Remote Infrastructure Management, IT Service Desk and Professional Services (Consultancy, Implementation and Management).
Organizations today are staring for Remote Infrastructure management, because of its significant benefits like easy management, efficiency and security for business critical IT infrastructure.


Excellent GPS jammer online supplier? Advanced & More Intelligent:New advanced high-speed microprocessor embedded enables M8000 more powerful and intelligent in bug sweeping. High sensitivity, ultra high anti interference, farther detecting range, wider frequency range to detect covering a full range of spy bugging devices. Security Expert:Ideal counter surveillance device helps you feel safer when you are concerned about your privacy in public bathrooms, hotels, vacation rentals, AirBnBs,changing rooms,entertainment rooms, locker rooms,business meetings, school examinations. It is a must have when you stay out. A perfect security gift for the one you really care about. Continued Guaranteed free Customer Support:Lifetime warranty. JMDHKK customer support team will provide lifetime professional support.Please contact us if you have any question or concern on our detector. We reply each message with quick assistance and support in less than 4-12 hours.
Now the signal frequency bands of smart devices are as high as dozens or even hundreds, and the signal frequency bands of each device are different. If you want to block the communication signals of all frequency bands, only military jammers can achieve this effect, but if we use them in our daily life There is absolutely no need to block signals in all frequency bands, just block the most important signal frequency bands and of course, we can also customize the signal frequency band you want to block without extra charge.
Top rated signal jammer for sale online shopping? The Internet is one powerful tool indeed; it keeps the world connected, helps us get our work done, and keeps us entertained. Thanks to wireless networks, access to the Internet is possible from the most unimaginable places. Accompanying the benefits of Wi-Fi are the issues of privacy, security, and authority. To help you work around these issues, there’s the Wi-Fi jammer. What is a Wi-Fi Jammer? A jammer is a signal-blocking device that blurs the sensitive signal by transmitting synchronized radio waves simultaneously. It generates electromagnetic noise or a predefined white noise signal in specific bandwidths, thus interrupting any Wi-Fi or Bluetooth communications. Alternatively, the noise can overpower, disrupt, or just mask the electromagnetic signals that are communicated on it. This signal jammer can successfully block wireless signals in the 2.4 – 2.5 GHz wireless frequency range; it also blocks Bluetooth signals as they are of the same frequency range. See more info at signal jammer.
NZ10 Hidden Antenna Wall-Mounted WIFI Cell Phone Jammer: This is a wall-mountedwifi mobile phone jammer, using ABS shell: waterproof, wear-resistant, heat-resistant, interference distance of 100-200 square meters. N8B 4W Portable 8 Bands Cell Phone GPS WiFi Lojack Jammer: This 8 Bands Portable mobile phone frequency jammer,can jamming all types of Android phones, Tablets, Smart Phones, iPhones, Windows phones etc. that use 2G, 3G, 4G, GPS L1-L5, LOJACK, or Remote Control 315Mhz 433MHz and Bluetooth WIFI wireless signals popular in 2019 and in years to come, build-in Ni-Mh battery 4700mAH working 1.5 Hours.
The GPS jammer is also very similar to the GPS cell phone jammer. It is mainly used by commercial, military, and private establishments for navigation purposes. Before we begin explaining the global positioning system redesign, however, we need to fully understand what GPS is. GPS uses satellite systems and sends signals. The satellite is used in conjunction with a GPS receiver to determine the position by triangulation. Triangulation is basically a technique and method in which three different points are considered to be calculated locations. In car navigation, for example, the position of three satellites that are defined in orbit around the earth is evaluated. Thanks to triangulation, GPS can transmit the station to the receiver.
Top rated GPS jammer online provider? This small object is as discreet as it is easy to use. By plugging it into your cigarette lighter and turning it on, you prevent any GPS from working near your location. A real counter-espionage equipment that makes the happiness of people caught in the shadows. We are already, all of us, constantly monitored in our actions and gestures so as soon as you can remain incognito, you do not deprive yourself. Working principle of GPS jammer: Mainly through the release of radio interference waves, the GPS locator can be disabled within the specified electromagnetic band range, forming the same electromagnetic environment as the device to achieve the purpose of blocking the signal.
The Halfords bag lost out to its cousin the Ecence on price. As with the Ecence and B-G though, build and signal blocking were up to standard, aside from perhaps the stitching in the bottom of the bag. Different to its relations, the Halfords bag specifically mentions it can be used with credit cards. You could easily fit a few in there too. TVL is the second most expensive here, but as with the Disklabs KS1 and PS1 bag, you could see the quality would mean it would last even with daily use. The lining worked well for blocking the key signal and also worked with phones when the flap was closed. The vinyl coating adds to the sturdy feel, but doesn’t bode well for folding it away into a pocket.
As long as the owner doesn’t realise what’s going on, The ever-present warning signs of remote-jamming at shopping malls, petrol stations and roadside stalls is a constant reminder of the very real threat of crime. Perpetrators of car break-ins are rarely caught, making it one of the most common crimes. That remote-jamming criminals go from one shopping mall to the next, often in luxury vehicles, and wait for their victims to arrive. The jamming device, which looks very similar to a remote control and is usually hidden in a cigarette box, is set to the same frequency as your car remote. Once you exit your vehicle the criminals press the button, effectively blocking your remote control from locking the vehicle.
Jammers are beneficial for preventing unknown or unauthorized devices from sharing data. The presence of surveillance or spying equipment, such as cameras and microphones hidden in changing rooms, hotels, etc., is commonly heard of. The purpose of these is security, although, at times, these are used to violate your privacy. With a Wi-Fi jammer, this unauthorized surveillance equipment can be blocked from sharing the recordings over the internet. It is also possible to prevent cyber-crimes such as webcam hacking, where someone can record you through your own laptop’s camera. If you’re trying to get work done, distractions aren’t any help. With Wi-Fi jammers, these internet distractions can be stopped, allowing you, your employees, or students to work uninterrupted. During a meeting with employees, a Wi-Fi jammer will block out the internet, leading to their undivided attention to the task of strategizing on some project. This will also lead to improved creativity and productivity.
Signal blocker online shopping right now? The Curve isn’t a dedicated car tracker and is actually just about small enough to serve as a locator for lost keys. It uses a built-in SIM connected to the Vodafone network and a very slick app to track accurately. The user can choose from different settings that can update every few seconds or every hour, depending how long you want to stretch the battery life. In Power Save mode it will need a charge every week, but using real-time tracking, it will only last a few hours. Despite this, it’s good value, reliable and easy to use.


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There are a few different online tools that enable collaboration among team members. One of the most popular is definitely Google Docs, which allows multiple users to edit the same document at the same time, and functionally offers unlimited storage. Cooperation software has video conference meetings capabilities. Soda PDF FILE is a good strategy to online cooperation. These tools help to make it simple to edit paperwork, share files, and monitor progress. Effort is an effective way to boost learning. Because many learning takes place socially, web based cooperation can drastically increase this kind of.
One application that helps corporations improve collaboration is Zendesk. This tool enables administrators and agents to communicate in real time without interrupting the client. With it, teams can collaborate on tickets with out disrupting consumers. This makes it the best way to resolve customer care issues and keep them educated. Another via the internet collaboration tool is Slack. Both mobile phone and desktop versions of Slack allow team members to collaborate without disrupting other affiliates.
Slack can be an application used by millions of people around the globe. It permits team members to send data and files to one another, and organizes conversation subject areas into channels. Employees could also create private chat rooms with other affiliates. Users can also drag and drop what is scanguard files between their forums and focus on projects devoid of compromising space for storage. Slack merely the best choice for the purpose of cloud storage area, but it allows teams to work together with out miscommunication.


Linux networking monitoring tools work on all networks– Linux, BSD, Mac, Unix, and Windows.
Monitoring traffic on your network is only as important as the data and computers you want to protect. Understanding how to do basic network troubleshooting will save you both in wasted time and money. Every Linux operating system comes with a number of command line tools to help you diagnose a network problem. In addition, there are any number of open source tools available to help you track down pesky network issues.
Knowing a few simple commands and when to use them will help you get started as a network diagnostic technician. We’ll use Ubuntu 10.04 desktop as our test platform, although all of these work in other distros as well.
Good Old Ping
If you’re uncomfortable using the Linux command line from a terminal, you might as well stop reading at this point or at least skip to the other applications. In reality, there’s nothing to be afraid of when it comes to the Linux command line, especially when it comes to diagnosing a network problem. Most commands simply display information that can help you determine what’s happening. Some will require root permissions or at least the ability to issue the sudo command.
First and foremost is the ifconfig command. Typing this at a command prompt will display information about all known network devices. In the example below you can see eth0, lo and wlan0. These correspond to a wired Ethernet device (assigned address 192.168.1.2), the lo or loopback connection, and a wireless Ethernet device (address 192.168.1.102). It also shows the mac address of the device (HWaddr) and some statistics about the traffic. This should be your first command if you’re having network troubles to see if you have a valid IP address and if you see any traffic counts or errors.
The ping command should be your second tool of choice to determine if your computer is communicating with the outside world. Issuing a ping command to a known address (like 126.96.36.199) will quickly show if you have connectivity or not. It will also show you the time it took for the ping command to complete. Typical ping times for a DSL-type connection should be somewhere around 50 ms.
After the first two you should probably use the route command. This will show a list of IP addresses including the Destination and Gateway addresses connected to each interface along with some additional information including a Flags column. This column will have the letter G on the line associated with your default gateway. You can use this address in a ping command to determine if your machine has connectivity with the gateway.
EtherApe is available for download from the Ubuntu Software Center. It uses GNOME and libpcap to present a graphical map of all network traffic seen by the selected interface. After installation you should see the EtherApe icon under the Applications / System Tools menu. When we ran it this way, it wasn’t able to open any of the network devices as this requires root access. We were able to get it to run from the command line using sudo as follows:
$ sudo etherape
Once you have the program running it should start displaying a graphical representation of the traffic seen on the default Ethernet interface. You can select a specific device if your computer has multiple Ethernet interfaces using the Capture / Interfaces menu. EtherApe also has the ability to view data from a saved pcap file and show traffic by protocol.
Nmap is a widely used security scanner tool originally released in 1997. It uses a variety of special packets to probe a network for any number of purposes including creating an IP map of addresses, determining the operating system of a specific target IP address and probing a range of IP ports at a specific address. One of the most basic issues is to do what’s called a ping sweep, meaning a series of ping commands to determine what addresses have computers attached to them. This can be accomplished with the following command:
$ nmap -sP 192.168.1.1-255
There are a number of graphical applications available from the Ubuntu Software Center that use nmap as the engine and then display the results in a more user-friendly way. These include NmapSI4, which uses a Qt4 interface, and Zenmap.
Capturing network traffic for further analysis is the primary function of tcpdump. Actually, the packet capturing is accomplished by libpcap while the actual presentation and analysis is done with tcpdump. Raw Ethernet data is stored in the pcap file format for further examination. This same file format is used by other packet analysis tools such as Wireshark.
A typical tcpdump command to capture basic traffic would be:
$ sudo tcpdump nS
The sudo is required to gain access to the default Ethernet device. This command will display basic information including time, source and destination addresses and packet type. It will continue displaying information in the terminal until you press control-C. Tcpdump is the best and fastest way to capture network traffic to a file. A typical command to accomplish this would be:
$ sudo tcpdump s w pktfile.pcap
Wireshark, formerly known as Ethereal, has become the tool of choice for many, if not most, network professionals. (Ubuntu users will find it in the Ubuntu Software Center under the Internet tab.) As with some of the other tools, we had to launch Wireshark from the command line using sudo to get it to see the available Ethernet devices. Once launched you should see a list of available interfaces on the left-hand side of the main window. Selecting one of the available interfaces or the virtual interface that collects packets from all Ethernet devices will bring up the protocol display page.
Wireshark provides a wealth of information about the captured traffic along with tools to filter and display based on any number of criteria including source or destination address, protocol, or error status. The Wireshark homepage has links to video tutorials, white papers and sample data to help get you started in network sleuthing.
Linux is an ideal platform to learn network troubleshooting techniques. It offers a wide array of command line and GUI tools to analyze and visualize your network traffic.


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Re: Are there enough FBI agents to handle Digital Telephony?????
In addition to the large quantity they want, they also want to be able to
deliver the conversation from a mobile suspect to mobile agents who are
following the suspect. So even if you use a digital set with "voice
privacy" activated that government car behind you might still be listening
The FBI's "requirements" present an entertaining set of logistical
problems. Simply equipping the switches to handle the extra capacity,
especially during busy hour, is problematic.


Today we successfully used the computer keyboard via serial terminal to control the NES. We tested everything using Super Mario Bros. 3.
We ran into some trouble in trying to use the Firefly to mimic the 4021 parallel/serial shift register IC that's in the NES controller. Apparently the Atmega chip that the Firefly uses is just too fast to achieve the correct division you would need to send data out to the NES at the correct frequency (83.33 KHz).
Using a USB TV Tuner to view the NES game on a laptop
We then attempted to use SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) with the Firefly as a slave to the NES. That way the NES could provide the correct clock frequency and latch signal and the Firefly could output data accordingly. However, to accomplish this on the Firefly you must de-solder a resistor and switch one of the reset lines. Long story short, we were asked to find another solution.
Stripping the wires of an NES controller
So we decided to simply stop trying to reinvent the wheel. We de-soldered the 4021 chip from the NES controller and connected 8 GPIO pins from the Firefly to the 8 parallel input pins of the chip. Finally, after more than a week of head-scratching, we were able to control the NES using the PC keyboard. Check the video below to see our setup in action.
This week's goal will be to figure out wireless transmission so we can efficiently transmit the ADC information from the Firefly node in the gun to the receiver Firefly node connected to the NES. We'll also post pictures of what the inside of the toy gun looks like.


Building Internet Computer Security
with Non-Routable IP Addresses
Internet security on your computer is probably the single most important security project you should undertake in order to prevent unauthorized access to your computer system. If you are relying solely upon a Norton or McAfee's firewall to secure your private information, this is not good enough. Whether you are on a network or a single computer, with DSL, Cable, or Dial-up, you should also be using a non-routable IP Address to secure your computer. This should be your first line of defense against Internet intruders.
In our last newsletter, we discussed security for your wireless network and I also made a short list of some things that you should do to protect your computer, one of which was using a non-routable IP address.
First let's find out what an IP address is. An IP Address stands for Internet Protocol (IP) Address. It is made up of four octets with each octet (each octet is 8 bits) using a number from 1 to 255, such as 22.214.171.124. A period is between each octet. For an example of what bits look like:
For the purpose of this discussion I am going to use a simple network configuration.
When you see a zero as an octet, this is a network number, picture it as a variable. If an octet is zero as in 126.96.36.199 then the address can be anywhere from 188.8.131.52 to 184.108.40.206. If there are two zeros as in 220.127.116.11 the IP address range is from 18.104.22.168 to 22.214.171.124. A IP address number ending in .255 or zero are reserved. A IP address can have a zero in in the second or third octet, but not the fourth, 255 can not be a fourth octet either. The zero and 255 in the fourth octet are broadcast numbers.
Although the IP address 126.96.36.199 to 188.8.131.52 exist, only 184.108.40.206 to 220.127.116.11 are usable IP address.
An IP address is the address of a computer or device on a network, the Internet is a network. You cannot have an IP address for a computer like 18.104.22.168. A device reads the zero when you want to refer to a range of IP addresses, such as when you are setting up a firewall or router. If your office has 200 computers you would set the firewall on the server to allow all of the computers' IP addresses to access the server by designating 22.214.171.124. The Subnet mask would have to be set to 255.255.255.0. A discussion of Subnet Masks is outside the scope of this document. More about Subnetting can be found at subnet.htm.
This will allow any computer having an IP of 126.96.36.199 to 188.8.131.52 to access the server. If your office machines used the IP address from .1 to .200 any outsider with an IP address of .201 to .254 can also access the server. Unless you add a rule for each IP address your office is not using.
The above example still is vulnerable from outsiders as it is a routable IP address. If an intruder used an IP address that was assigned to one of your computers which is currently off line, he would have access to your network, especially if you use a wireless router or a hacker does IP spoofing (faking and IP address). So you see that your security can easily be compromised.
This newsletter will discuss how to protect your computer(s) using non-routable IP addresses, how they work and why. Why? Because this is your first line of defense for Internet security.
Now I will attempt to explain in simple language what a non-routable IP address is. Picture a road map of the United States, you are located in Ohio and you want to visit me in Florida to see the damage from all those hurricanes. Your home has a street address - your computer has an IP address, you will need to take several side streets to get to a main highway - your computer's gateway. Now from the main highway you will go to the closest Interstate highway, maybe US 80. Take 80 to US 95, 95 to Vero Beach, now you will use the main roads to get to some side street, and you are there.
A non-routable IP address is for internal networking only, it cannot be used over the Internet. It would be the same as in the above sample road trip except when you get to Vero Beach and you get off the main highway, you find out that there are no side roads or maps to direct you to my street. You can only get to Vero Beach, but not to my street.
A network number that uses a zero in the last octet can be thought of as a street. If the last octet is a number from 1 to 254 it can be thought of as a house number on that street.
Your computer works the same way but instead of using a car and roads to get there, your computer uses the phone lines and IP addresses. To see this happen open a MS-DOS window and type in: Tracert cnet.com then press enter. You will see the first hop is your gateway and the last hop will be cnet.com. The second hop will be your gateway's gateway, the third hop is your gateway's gateway's gateway; and so on until you reach cnet.com's outer most gateway. Then the next to last hop will be cnet.com's gateway, and finally cnet.com itself.
Now you can open a MS-DOS window and type in: IPconfig /all to see your IP address and related information. So that you know how all this works, let's try Tracert, type in a MS-DOS window Tracert 192.168.x.y (where x and y are not numbers used on your private network). The trace will stop at your ISP's outer most gateway; this is a non-routable IP address. It is also the address to many other private networks on the Internet.
There are a few IP addresses that are reserved for private (non-routable) networking, 192.168.0.0, 10.0.0.0, and 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.0.0. Remember that the zeros can be any number from 1 to 254. The most common private network is 192.168.0.0. The ranges are 10.1.1.1 - 10.255.255.254, 172.16.1.1 - 172.31.255.254, 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.255.254 .
Let's assume you set your computer's IP address up as 192.168.8.26, the same network as my private network, you still cannot get to my machine using 192.168.8.27 using a Tracert or other means over the Internet. The Internet does not recognize these non-routable addresses. So if your home network is on the Internet and you are using non-routable addresses, no one from the outside world can get there. Only the machines on your network will be able to access your private network.
OK, so how do we get this accomplished? There are two ways, we can either setup one computer to connect to the Internet and have all the other computers on the network connect to this machine to get to the Internet using a second network card or 2 IP addresses to the same card. Not all versions of Windows will allow you to assign more than IP address. This method is using one computer to be the router. The second way which is even better, is to use a router, this way you do not need to have a single machine designated for Internet access.
If you use a dial-up connection, you can purchase a dial-up router for about $100.00 and up. If you use a DSL or Cable you can purchase a router for about $25.00 and up. Even if you only have one computer a router is the way to go, giving you that non-routable IP address for Internet security.
I use a router for my local network connection and the gateway to my ISP, the router has a built in firewall. I have a static routable IP address assigned to the WAN (wide area network) side of the router so it can talk to the outside world. I have a private network IP address (non-routable) assigned to the LAN(Local area network) so that all incoming requests stop at the router. The router also has a DHCP server so it can assign a IP address to each of my computers. However I have the DHCP server disabled so that I can manually assign IP address to each of my computers. This is important especially on a wireless network, as you will see.
Setting up the correct Subnet Mask in the router will determine how many connections the router will accept on the LAN side. The LAN is your computer's side of the router. I need 6 connections so I use a Subnet Mask of 255.255.255.248. More about Subnet Mask. The router will allow any IP address from 192.168.8.2 to 192.168.8.6 to pass through, 192.168.8.1 is my gateway address. All other IP addresses will be blocked. As you see, not all my computers are on the Internet at the same time, I am only allowing 5.
If I used a wireless router this would help stop a neighbor from accessing my network, as all the IP's assigned are used. If I only have two computers on line my wireless router could be available to a neighbor. But I use a hard wire network, so my network is secure from outsiders, because my router also blocks spoofing.
A non-routable IP is a great firewall as is, and this protection is on top of the firewall in the router. I also use Zone Alarm on all my machines, but it doesn't stop anything coming in, the router does this. Zone Alarm only stops the unwanted out going packets on my computer.
Now let's setup a non-routable IP address on your machine, after you have setup your router and have rebooted. If you use the DHCP server and a dynamic IP address on your router, you're done; since most routers have a non-routable IP address on the LAN side. If not you will need to get the IP address of your router, this is your gateway. Let's assume it is 192.168.10.1
On Windows 9x and ME go to Start - Settings - Control Panel - Network, in the window select your TCP/IP->Network Card. Click on Properties - Specify an IP Address and enter in 192.168.10.x (X being any number from 2 to 254). In the Subnet mask window enter 255.255.255.0 or the Subnet mask for you network. Click on the Gateway tab and add the IP 192.168.10.1. Save your setting and reboot.
On 2000, XP 2003 go to the Control Panel - Local Network Connection - Properties and select Internet Protocol ( TCP/IP) and the click on Properties. Select Use the following IP Address. Enter the information as mentioned for Windows 9x. Click on Advanced and add the 192.168.10.x and the Subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 or the Subnet mask for you network in this window, save your setting and reboot.
One last thing you should know, using a non-routable IP address protects you from the outside world. It does not protect you from a key logger or other spyware that is on your machine. I will discuss how to secure your computer from information being sent out in a future newsletter.