The U.S. Navy’s Secret Counter-Stealth Weapon Could Be Hiding in Plain Sight
The Northrop Grumman E-2D Advanced Hawkeye maybe the U.S. Navy’s secret weapon against the emerging threat of enemy fifth-generation stealth fighters and cruise missiles.
The key to that capability is the aircraft’s powerful UHF-band hybrid mechanical/electronically-scanned AN/APY-9 radar built by Lockheed Martin. Both friend and foe alike have touted UHF radars as an effective countermeasure to stealth technology.
One example of that is a paper prepared by Arend Westra that appeared in the National Defense University’s Joint Forces Quarterly academic journal in the 4th quarter issue of 2009.
“It is the physics of longer wavelength and resonance that enables VHF and UHF radar to detect stealth aircraft,” Westra wrote in his article titled Radar vs. Stealth.
UHF-band radars operate at frequencies between 300MHz and 1GHz, which results in wavelengths that are between 10 centimeters and one meter long.
Typically, due to the physical characteristics of fighter-sized stealth aircraft, they must be optimized to defeat higher frequencies in the Ka, Ku, X, C and parts of the S-bands.
There is a resonance effect that occurs when a feature on an aircraft—such as a tail-fin tip— is less than eight times the size of a particular frequency wavelength. That omni-directional resonance effect produces a “step change” in an aircraft’s radar cross-section.
Effectively what that means is that small stealth aircraft that do not have the size or weight allowances for two feet or more of radar absorbent material coatings on every surface are forced to make trades as to which frequency bands they are optimized for.
That would include aircraft like the Chengdu J-20, Shenyang J-31, Sukhoi PAK-FA and indeed the United States’ own Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor and tri-service F-35 Joint Strike Fighter.
Only very large stealth aircraft without protruding empennage surfaces — like the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit or the forthcoming Long Range Strike-Bomber — can meet the requirement for geometrical optics regime scattering.
“You can’t be everywhere at once on a fighter-sized aircraft,” one source told USNI News earlier in the year.
However, as Westra and many other sources point out, UHF and VHF-band radars have historically had some major drawbacks. “Poor resolution in angle and range, however, has historically prevented these radars from providing accurate targeting and fire control,” Westra wrote.
Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin appear to have overcome the traditional limitations of UHF-band radars in the APY-9 by applying a combination of advanced electronic scanning capability together with enormous digital computing power in the form of space/time adaptive processing. The Navy would not directly address the issue, but service officials did say the APY-9 provides a massive increase in performance over the E-2C Hawkeye 2000’s radar.
“The E-2D APY-9 radar provides a significantly enhanced airborne early warning and situational awareness capability against all air targets including threat aircraft and cruise missiles,” said Naval Air Systems Command spokesman Rob Koon in an emailed statement to USNI News.
“The modern technology of the APY-9 radar provides a substantial improvement in performance over the E-2C’s APS-145 radar whose heritage dates back to the 1970s.”
But the Navy openly talks about the E-2D’s role as the central node of its Naval Integrated Fire Control-Counter Air (NIFC-CA) (pronounced: nifk-kah) construct to defeat enemy air and missile threats—Rear Adm. Mike Manazir, the Navy’s director of air warfare, described the concept in detail to USNI News last December.
Under the NIFC-CA ‘From the Air’ (FTA) construct, the APY-9 radar can act as a sensor to cue Raytheon AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air missiles for Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornets fighters via the Link-16 datalink.
Additionally, the APY-9 also acts as a sensor to guide Standard SM-6 missiles launched from Aegis cruisers and destroyers against targets located beyond the ships’ SPY-1 radars’ horizon via the Cooperative Engagement Capability datalink under the NIFC-CA ‘From the Sea’ (FTS) construct. And thus far, all live-fire NIFC-CA missile shots have been successful.
The first increment of NIFC-CA is set to be fielded later this year when the first E-2D squadron, VAW-125, is set to declare initial operating capability in October 2014. NIFC-CA will be declared operational concurrently with that squadron.
The APY-9 is a unique design in many respects, NAVAIR and Northrop brag that the radar is a “two-generation leap” over the APS-145 in an information booklet the service has been distributing. While externally the radar appears to be no different than the purely mechanically-scanned AN/APS-145—also built by Lockheed Martin–internally it is an another matter entirely.
While the APY-9 does rotate inside the E-2D’s dish-shaped radome to achieve 360-degree coverage, the crew of the aircraft can control the antenna rotation speed to focus on an area of interest according to NAVAIR. Further, the 18-channel passive phased-array ADS-18 antenna has the ability to steer its radar beam electronically. It also incorporates an electronically-scanned identification friend or foe system.
The transmitter and receiver hardware are located inside the aircraft’s fuselage and connect to the antenna via high power radiofrequency transmission lines and a high power radiofrequency rotary coupler. Thus, it is not an active electronically scanned array radar.
The APY-9 has three distinct radar modes, Advanced Airborne Early Warning Surveillance, Enhanced Sector Scan, and Enhanced Tracking Sector.
Advanced Airborne Early Warning Surveillance is the normal operating mode for the radar to provide uniform 360-degree, simultaneous air and surface coverage with long-range detection of low radar cross-section targets. The antenna rotates 360 degrees every ten seconds or so when it is operating in this primarily mechanically scanned mode.
The Enhanced Sector Scan mode merges traditional mechanical scanning with steerable electronic scanning to leverage the benefits of both technologies while simultaneously mitigating the shortcomings of either methodology. The antenna rotates mechanically, but the operator can select a specific sector where the rotation of the antenna is slowed to focus on an area.
Enhanced Tracking Sector is a pure electronically scanned mode, where the antenna is geographically stabilized or following a particular target. This mode provides enhanced detection and tracking in a selected sector by stopping the antenna and scanning purely electronically. This mode is particularly useful against low-observable targets due to its rapid track updates.
The APY-9 has a range of at least 300 nautical miles and seems to be limited only by the performance of the E-2D airframe–which normally operates at 25,000ft.
The Navy ultimately hopes to buy a total of 75 E-2D with the last examples entering the fleet in the 2020s.
Back to Top


Wialan is a next generation telecommunication provider with a fast-track growth model. Their proprietary and patented internet platform boasts features that are superior for their market segment. Wialan has already established a track record of successful installations that include airports, municipalities, apartment buildings, parks, marinas and other. Among the Wialan unique features available are; real time live color videos streaming, and a public address system which can alert designated parties enabling early warning announcement and notifications.
Tim Peabody, CEO of Wialan, expects the movement to a public company will heighten their growth and development capabilities, which are poised for explosive growth over the next five years. The public company vehicle also enhances Wialan's ability to grow through synergistic acquisitions that are planned within the Wialan growth model.
Wialan Technologies Business models
This Wialan model is very simple, we offer our business partners the opportunity to concentrate in their core business not in running a wireless system which may be foreign to them, Wialan offer is to do just that for them. Wialan will provide the industrial equipment it manufactures, will provide the installation, maintenance and monitoring of the system, allowing the business owner to conduct the day to day business, for example: Marina manager can dedicate themselves to manage the slips and boat while Wialan provides the Wi Fi and video security for the entire facility, for hotels, they can manage the rooms and amenities, in turn Wialan will manage the Wi Fi for their customers, for parks, they can dedicate to Park duties, Wialan will manage the Wi Fi for the park goers, for municipalities they can manage the city, while Wialan manages the Wi Fi, so on and so on.
All this for a modest monthly fee, the monthly fee will allow the business owner not to ever worry about technology again, if the technology changes in the future, it will be Wialan\'s responsibility to upgrade the technology inside the Wialan boxes, the patented Wialan boxes were designed just to do that, to be field upgradeable since the Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) is twenty years, the boxes can have many different technologies like 2.4 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5.3 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 700 MHz or any other technology that the future has in the works for our society.
This model is even simpler, distributors get a hefty discount for the equipment from the factory on the condition that all expenses are footed by the distributor, this includes sales and marketing materials to provide seminars and training for the potential and existing customers. The distributor is also in charge of providing customer and technical support. As a distributor you own the customer.
In this model the partner reseller gets a good discount, but works in conjunction with the factory to provide all that is needed to produce sales, in this case the factory and the reseller both own the customer and share responsibilities for customer and technical support.
In this model the agent get a commission or a finders fee for bringing the customer to Wialan, Wialan owns the customer and provide customer and technical support to both the agent and the customer.
Other partner can tell us how they can work with Wialan
In this last model Wialan accepts legal and reasonable proposals for doing business together.
The development of WiFi networks for servicing communities has always been a very daunting task. Given that business in the serviced communities may have their own wifi offering for their clients, and people use their own router/access points inside their houses to protect their internal networks, the environment is usually very noisy and all standard 2.4 channels are usually saturated. Add to that the heterogeneous nature of the architecture of many of todays communities and the obstacle for clear wifi signal will be numerous.
This kind of project require very careful planning, but also, equipment that is able to cope with the unavoidable issues we mention before. Wialan's WG-300-8 Hotspot and WG-300-8-8 Dual Radio will help you greatly mitigate those factors. With their embedded AMD Geode processor and 256MB of RAM memory, they provide a blackplane more than capable of handling the vast amount of wireless frames generated by the retransmission of unreliable transmissions. Also, the Adaptive Radio technology will allow the radios in the units to adapt power and sensitivity parameters to acomodate from the closest and more powerful client devices to the farthest and weakest ones.
Hotels and Resorts
WiFi has completely change the hospitality landscape. Nowadays, hotel customers use it as one of the key factors to decide where to stay, either to keep connected to vital business activities, enjoy entertainment offers not provided by the hotel itself, or just to keep socially connected during vacations.
Beeing hospitality a trillion dollar industry just in the US, the opportunities WiFi deployment in Hotels and Resorts cannot be overlooked.
Wialan Technologies has been deploying wireless solutions in this market since 2005, having installed units in the Real Intercontinental MetroCentro, Princess Hotels and Camino Real Hotels in Guatemala, and Rodeway Inn Miami Airport in the United States. Some of this sites have used Wialan's propietary payportal to generate revenue, others have use Wialan's embedded captive portal and some other have just keep the WiFi access wide open. Whatever the option you choose, Wialan's Access Points and Routers have you covered.
WiFi network deployments in Marinas can be a daunting task. Weather conditions may be difficult for equipment not prepared for the harshness of a Marina environment. Customers are usually an heterogeneous mixture of devices and data needs, that constantly varies because of short time many boats may stay in a single marina. Added is the fact that many boats implement now their own internal wifi networks therefore have small access points radiating in every possible channel, normally saturating the available frequencies.
The aforementioned may the task of a Marina WiFi deployment too difficult one. Nevertheless, with the right equipment and planning, all these challenge can be overcome and Marinas can provide service to their customers. WG-300-8 Hotspot and WG-300-8-8 Dual Radio outdoor untis have proved their performance and stability in these difficult condtions in marinas such as Marina Bay in FT Lauderdale, Miami Dade County Bill Bird Marina, Cocoplum Marina in Coral Gables (which uses its deployment for WiFi service for the customers and for their Video Surveillance System), and Deering Bay Marina, which has used the same access point for more than five years.
Wialan units' weather resilience, Adaptive Radio technology and their raw internal processing power have proven invaluable for this deployments. Needless to say, Dockmasters with very little IT experience also rejoice in having Wialan's easy-to-use management interface and standalone equipment.
While many people love to come to Parks to experience the beauty of nature, to relax and unwind, to hike and fish and explore, sometimes it's difficult, if not impossible, to fully unplug from technology. School, work, financial transactions and social networking are just a few of the many reasons folks want to be connected.
Wialan WG-300-8 Hotspot and WG-300-8-8 Dual Radio are specially suited for this task. Designed for very long distance coverage (half a mile radius with a 8dBi standard omnidirectional antenna) and high density areas (up to 100 client devices simultaneusly connected per unit), Wialan equipment has been chosen by the Miami Dade County to provide service for sites such as Goulds Park, Haulover Park, Pinecrest Gardens and Cutler Ridge Park. They are also providing service in Mexico in Coyoacan's Delegation Hidalgo Park, and the Club de Golf Campestre Mexico City. Also in Venezuela, in Parque Central part of the City of Caracas Wireless Initiative, many more Wialan units have been deployed.
The unparalleled power and hardware flexibility is complemented with the software capacity to stand alone without the need of expensive extra equipment to implement public area networks. The inclusion of a free embedded captive portal in the unit, is just one of many of the tools available to IT departments deploying Wialan solutions to parks and public areas.
Public Safety and Emergency Services have become heavy WiFi users in the last few years. With the use of the 4.9Ghz license frequency, Public Safety WiFi access allows those services a miriad of applications such as realtime broadcast of alerts and critical information, mobile access to criminal records and databases, mobile access to operational systems, mobile access to public video surveillance and more.
Wialan access point hardware flexibility has allowed Miami Dade County the installation of hybrids 2.4/4.9Ghz internet access/pubic safety deployments in Miami Dade County Haulover Park and Miami Dade County Goulds Park, where 2.4Ghz is used for internet access and 4.9Ghz is used to isolate the video surveillance systems for both locations, which in turn can be accessed by the police and any other authorized public safety personnel.
Video Surveillance has become a necessity. Business owners want to protect their investment and customers. Cameras are being deployed everywhere, from warehouses, stores and gas stations to airports, city streets, stadiums, etc. The deployment of wired security cameras is not always trivial. Specifically in wide open areas, for example parks and fields, installation may be problematic and sometimes unfeasible. The long distances involved and the infrastructure costs of wiring can be cost prohibitive or impractical.
With the advent of the Internet Protocol cameras (IP or wireless) and recording systems, the landscape has radically changed. Changing the old analog systems to IP based ones has allowed the use of all the advantages of the IP world, beginning with more standard and higher quality video streaming protocols to the use of any media IP protocols can be transmitted.
The standard nature of the Wi-Fi technology and its ease of installation has made it the new de-facto standard for installing Video Surveillance systems in areas where cabling is not feasible. Even though this solves many deployment issues, new challenges arise regarding the high bandwidth required for continuous streaming and the reliability needed for an application, where even a few seconds of downtime is not acceptable (video surveillance). In order to reach the desired levels of reliability, the proper planning, and the best possible equipment are necessary for successful deployment.
Wialan Technologies equipment has a proven track record in the implementation of several IP based Video Surveillance System such as Hampton Courts Aparments - West Palm Beach,Cocoplum Marina - Coral Gables, Miami Dade County Haulover Park, andMiami Dade County Omni Station, this last two deployed using the 4.9 licensed public safety frequency.
Voice over IP
Voice Over IP (VoIP) in one of the hottest topic in telecommunications today. Long gone are the days when we were satisfied by email or some short text messages. Today VoIP is everywhere. You can find it in the biggest companies using proprietary infrastructure such as Cisco, or the very popular open source alternative Asterisk. You can also find it in the end customer market in offers such as Skype, Apple's Face Talk, Google Hangouts and even Facebook chat client has advanced to voice and video capabilities.
But deploying a reliable infrastructure for VoIP is a project onto itself. First, as time goes, its demands have grown exponentially. With audio bandwidth demand easily surpassing the 8kHz mono that use to be the standard land line phone call. Beside that, many providers also include live video.
For all this infrastructure to run smoothly, the proper planning and equipment must be used. Units must not also be able to carry the bandwidth necessary for the application, but it must also have the means to guarantee that, in a domain of shared networks, that bandwidth will always be available no matter what other apps are running in the network.
Wialan Units' bandwidth shaper and QoS control, together with the units' raw power represent the optimal solution for this kind of application, be it on a controlled environment such as a corporate environment, or "in the wild" like in stadiums or parks.
WiFi and Internet Access
Internet Access is not a luxury anymore. Our lives revolve around the internet, from YouTube to Facebook and Amazon to Ticketmaster, we have not relied on a utility like the internet since electricity. In order to make access to this resource as ubiquitous as possible, Wi-Fi has become synonymous to internet access. Almost every electronic consumer product uses Wi-Fi access to enable internet access in one way or another. This has opened a market of endless opportunities but not without its challenges. Different equipment requires different specifications in power, radio types, and the required bandwidth to perform their functions. Only careful planning and powerful/capable equipment are necessary to successfully provide ausable internet experience.
Wialan Technologies line of Access Points and Routers enable IT departments, ISP and any other internet provider to give users a smooth and fast internet experience. With half mile radius Wi-Fi signal range, unmatched durability, and very powerful packet processing internal hardware, Wialan Technologies equipment provide the optimal solution for the most difficult Wi-Fi deployments. Whether it is a high density environment with hundreds of client devices (city) or a very large open area (parks or beaches), Wialan Technologies equipment will provide an affordable, stable and durable solution, using the least amount of equipment in comparison with competitors.
WG-300-7-i Indoor Unit
The Ultimate Indoor Access Point
With a feature set comparable to its big brothers, the WG-300-7-i is the ultimate access point/router for indoor, large and high density areas. Using the same hardware components in a smaller and more indoor friendly package, the WG-300-7-i allows for simplified wireless LAN implementations due to its high powered radios and powerful internal hardware.
Office Deployment Friendly
Its mesh technology enables the deployment of full department network without the necessity for excessive and cumbersome ethernet cable installations through the whole floor. Its range and capacity also means you will only need a few units to cover full departments and even whole buildings, opposed to other vendors that require a multitude of access point just to cover small areas.
IT Department (almost) independent
Although it offers the full management capacities required to be compatible with any network management solution in the market, the units make for an autonomous self sufficient intranet provider. All necessary functionality is present in every unit to be operated without the need of complex server rooms or NOC installations. From the basic DHCP and NAT functions to more complex VPN or QoS functionality, it is all reachable using a few clicks in a friendly web interface.
Whether a simple office with a few employees to a complex implementation with multiple devices and network traffic types, this unit offers a feature set that covers all the needs for the modern enterprise. Bandwidth shaping technology allows prioritization of important network traffic, such as VoIP or other types of streaming. WPA2 security and VLAN allows to segregate traffic so everyone is allowed to access only the information they should be allowed to. Even highly secured traffic is covered using the integrated VPN Server, which supports many types of VPNs so you do not have to change the software in all your client devices to enjoy the enhanced security.
The HotZONE provider
WG-300-8 HotspotWith a 600mW 2.4Ghz radio, and the most powerful processing hardware on the market, the WG-300-8 Hotspot is the ideal device for standalone wifi deployments. Its pure processing power allows it to manage up to 100 client devices connected simultaneously while providing an arrange of features unparalleled without the use of extra management servers, such as VPNs, VLANs, bandwidth shaping, QoS, and many others.
Its powerful radio also allows for a second-to-none conectivity experience with distances of up to half a mile* using standard 8dBi omnidirectional antennas.
This device has successfully been deployed in such demanding environments as the Maiquetía International Airport in Venezuela and the Cancun International Airport in Mexico,both demanding, high density and complex environments.
The device also features integration with Wialan's payportal service, allowing monetization of the service, if required. But if you prefer a no server dependent, captive portal, the WG-300-8 Hotspot has you covered with its embedded captive portal which allows you to keep your clients withing any boundaries you see fit for your customized experience.
WG-300-8-8 Dual Radio
The Rolls Royce of the Industrial Hotspots
WG-300-8-8 Dual RadioDeveloped with the most demanding wifi deployments in mind the WG-300-8-8 Dual Radio (WG-300-8 Hotspot's big brother), piles up on all the amazin features of its little brother and adds a second radio for added flexibility. Whether you need to deploy mesh nodes to encompass locations with difficult or impossible ethernet cable access, or you need to segretate the traffic for complex intranets designs, the WG-300-8-8 has you covered.
Scalability by Design
The device two industry standard N-type connector allows for customization using any existing standard radio frequency antenna. You can use the included 8dBi antennas for simple hotspot deployments, sector antennas for localized and more powerful service, or grid directional antennas for point to point links, allowing impressive distance and performance.
Also the modular design of the units allow the change of technologies, should that need arise, without changing the base installation. The base casing unit is big enough to account for future changes in the procesing hardware and are durable enough to last a life time, as evidenced by the Deering Bay Marina Wireless deployment, with more than 5 years with the unit internal components looking just new.
Flexibility Above All
The modular design in the WG-300-8-8 allows also the mix of radios and technologies. You can create a customized mix of frequencies with 2.4 and 4.9* public safety frequencies. This is how the Miami Dade County has achieved unparalleled reliability in projects such as the Miami Dade County Haulover Park.
10273 NW 46TH St.
Sunrise, FL 33351


As one measures the relative speeds of galaxies by using the Doppler shift of characteristic radiation emissions, one finds that all galaxies are moving away from one another. Those that are moving the fastest are systems that are the farthest away… Discovery of the cosmic background Beginning inthe American cosmologist George Gamow and his coworkers, Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman, investigated the idea that the chemical elements might have been synthesized by thermonuclear reactions that took place in a primeval fireball. As the universe expanded, the temperature would have dropped, each photon being redshifted by the cosmological expansion to longer wavelength, as the American physicist Richard C.
This is an arbitrary distinction. Radio propagation Microwaves travel solely by line-of-sight paths; unlike lower frequency radio waves, they do not travel as ground waves which follow the contour of the Earth, or reflect off the ionosphere Microwave radio system gain.
Microwaves are absorbed by moisture in the atmosphere, and the attenuation increases with frequency, becoming a significant factor rain fade at the high end of the band. A spectral band structure causes absorption peaks at specific frequencies see graph at right.
Tropospheric scatter In a microwave beam directed at an angle into the sky, a small amount of the power will be randomly scattered as the beam passes through the troposphere. This technique has been used at frequencies between 0. Antennas Waveguide is used to carry microwaves. Example of waveguides and a diplexer in an air traffic control radar The short wavelengths of microwaves allow omnidirectional antennas for portable devices to be made very small, from 1 to 20 centimeters long, so microwave frequencies are widely used for wireless devices such as cell phonescordless phonesand wireless LANs Wifi access for laptopsand Bluetooth earphones.
Antennas used include short whip antennasrubber ducky antennassleeve dipolespatch antennasand increasingly the printed circuit inverted F antenna PIFA used in cell phones. Their short wavelength also allows narrow beams of microwaves to be produced by conveniently small high gain antennas from a half meter to 5 meters in diameter.
Therefore, beams of microwaves are used for point-to-point communication links, and for radar. Parabolic "dish" antennas are the most widely used directive antennas at microwave frequencies, but horn antennasslot antennas and dielectric lens antennas are also used. Flat microstrip antennas are being increasingly used in consumer devices.
Another directive antenna practical at microwave frequencies is the phased arraya computer-controlled array of antennas which produces a beam which can be electronically steered in different directions.
At microwave frequencies, the transmission lines which are used to carry lower frequency radio waves to and from antennas, such as coaxial cable and parallel wire lineshave excessive power losses, so when low attenuation is required microwaves are carried by metal pipes called waveguides.
Due to the high cost and maintenance requirements of waveguide runs, in many microwave antennas the output stage of the transmitter or the RF front end of the receiver is located at the antenna.
Difference between microwave and radio frequency technology The term microwave also has a more technical meaning in electromagnetics and circuit theory.
As a consequence, practical microwave circuits tend to move away from the discrete resistorscapacitorsand inductors used with lower-frequency radio waves.
Open-wire and coaxial transmission lines used at lower frequencies are replaced by waveguides and striplineand lumped-element tuned circuits are replaced by cavity resonators or resonant stubs.
Microwave sources Cutaway view inside a cavity magnetron as used in a microwave oven left. Disassembled radar speed gun. The grey assembly attached to the end of the copper-colored horn antenna is the Gunn diode which generates the microwaves.
High-power microwave sources use specialized vacuum tubes to generate microwaves.
These devices operate on different principles from low-frequency vacuum tubes, using the ballistic motion of electrons in a vacuum under the influence of controlling electric or magnetic fields, and include the magnetron used in microwave ovensklystrontraveling-wave tube TWTand gyrotron.
These devices work in the density modulated mode, rather than the current modulated mode.The field of microwave engineering contributed a lot to the efforts of both sides (all sides?) during World War II. Building on the work done earlier in the century, engineers developed microwaves theories and techniques for military and commercial applications that are still in use today.
Microwave Radio System Gain Essay Sample * Gs is the difference between the nominal output power of a transmitter (Pt) and the minimum input power to a receiver (Cmin) necessary to achieve satisfactory performance; * Must be greater than or equal to the sum of all gains and losses incurred by a signal as it propagates from a transmitter to a receiver * In essence, system gain represents the.
Microwaves © All Rights Reserved.
MICROWAVE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND SYSTEM GAIN (c22 Tomasi) CHAPTER 24 MICROWAVE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND SYSTEM GAIN 1)Electromagnetic waves with frequencies that range from approximately MHz to GHz or more. Find TI RF & Microwave products, tools and technical resources.
Attain signal gain, stability, small footprint and low power, along with features like integrated power-down and NiPdAu package lead frame. In a microwave beam directed at an angle into the sky, a small amount of the power will be randomly scattered as the beam passes through the troposphere.
A sensitive receiver beyond the horizon with a high gain antenna focused on that area of the troposphere can pick up the signal.


NEW DELHI: India has secured a spot in the top 15 markets globally with the fastest reported 5G media download speeds on the back of the large-scale and swift deployments of fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks by the top telecom operators Reliance Jio and Bharti Airtel, according to network testing and analytics firm Ookla.
According to Ookla’s analysis of Q4 2023 data, India ranked 14th globally in 5G median download speeds with 301.86Mbps and median upload speeds of 18.93Mbps.
“The two largest operators in India, Reliance Jio and Bharti Airtel, have been the primary drivers of the 5G rollout in the country, making significant efforts to provide 5G coverage across the nation through rapid deployment,” Affandy Johan, Industry Analyst at Ookla said in a report released Sunday.
Johan added that by the end of December 2023, India had more than four hundred thousand 5G base stations (BTSs) deployed nationwide, an increase of 7.7-times from January 2023, making it one of the fastest countries to roll out 5G globally.
“The large-scale and rapid deployment of the 5G network in India has been paying off by elevating India’s position in the list of countries providing the fastest 5G median download speed,” he said.
The GCC countries of the United Arab Emirates and Qatar led the fastest 5G markets globally during the period, with speeds of 654.59Mbps and 516.79Mbps, respectively. South Korea was the fastest Asia Pacific country, coming in third overall with a speed of 485.25Mbps, as per Ookla data.
In India in Q4 2023, the 5G median download speed of 301.86Mbps was 18-times faster than the 4G median download speed of 16.05Mbps. Similarly, the 5G median upload speed (16.05 Mbps) was 5 times faster than 4G’s upload speed of 3.59 Mbps during the same period, Johan said.
Johan said that 5G availability in India showed improvement throughout 2023, starting at 28.1% in Q1 2023 and rising to 52.0% in Q4 2023, representing a 23.9 percentage point increase within a year. 5G availability represents the percentage of 5G-active devices that spend the majority of their time connected to 5G networks, as per Ookla.
One of the reasons for an increase in 5G availability, he said, is due to the significant growth in 5G-capable smartphones.
According to Counterpoint Research, India’s 5G smartphone shipment share crossed 52% in 2023, growing 66% year-on-year. The introduction of more affordable 5G-capable devices in the market has helped boost 5G adoption in the country. Canalys reported that in Q4 2023, devices in the $100 to $199 segment witnessed a growth of 168% in the country.
“Reliance Jio had the highest 5G availability among the two at 68.8% during that period, ahead of Airtel, which reported 5G availability of 30.3%,” the analyst said. By leveraging a combination of low-band (700 MHz) and mid-band (3.5 GHz) spectrum, along with its extensive fiber network, Reliance Jio can provide its subscribers with a balance between coverage and performance, he added.
Vodafone Idea, the third-largest telco in India, is yet to commercially launch its commercial 5G services.


Use the Messaging API to build bots that provide personalized experiences for your users on LINE. You associate your bot with a channel on the LINE Platform. The bot works behind the LINE official account that is generated when you create the channel if you operate the account in bot mode.. Note: As of April 18, 2019, the existing [email protected] account plans have been consolidated into the new LINE
The number of messages retrieved by this operation includes the number of messages sent from LINE Official Account Manager. The number of messages retrieved by this operation is approximate. To get the correct number of sent messages, use LINE Official Account Manager or execute API operations for getting the number of sent messages.
The Messaging API lets you develop two-way communication between your service and LINE users. By tapping the rich menu (show products), you can see the new MINI Crossover models in a carousel template message. Get started with the Messaging API Create a bot to interact with LINE users. Start now. Documentation.
Messaging APIで作成できるリッチメニューの数の上限は、LINE公式アカウントあたり1000件です。 この上限を超過した場合は、新しいリッチメニューを作成する前に既存のリッチメニューを削除する必
Dec 02, 2017 · LINE Messaging API. 日本語の説明はこちら. This is a C# implementation of the LINE Messaging API.. Getting Started. This repository contains SDK itself, as well as base samples and Visual Studio templates.
Oct 27, 2019 · LINE Messaging API SDK for Python. SDK of the LINE Messaging API for Python. Introduction. The LINE Messaging API SDK for Python makes it easy to develop bots using LINE Messaging API, and you can create a sample bot within minutes.
The LINE Developers site is a portal site for developers. It contains documents and tools that will help you use our various developer products. Creating LINE Login and Messaging API applications and services has never been easier!
Mar 19, 2018 · วันนี้อยากจะมาแนะนำ API ตัวใหม่จาก LINE API ที่ยังไม่เห็นคนใช้กันเท่าไหร่
LINE is a new communication app which allows you to make FREE voice calls and send FREE messages whenever and wherever you are, 24 hours a day!
Mar 27, 2017 · 提醒您，[email protected]生活圈已經與LINE官方帳號合併為「官方帳號2.0」囉！想了解全新的官方帳號2.0嗎？


Business internet providers have a big role in the success of the economy. When you need a new internet connection or any other communication services, they can help you decide which type of service will be best for your communication needs. Below are five ways that technology can help the economy.
1. Enhance Efficiency
Technology helps businesses and corporations to be more efficient. Companies can digitize documents, keep records of transactions digitally, use digital signatures to transfer funds instead of traditional paper transactions, and reduce costs by reducing the number of employees they need. With a business Internet provider installed in the office, your business will be able to send emails and make video calls with clients who are far away.
2. Help Trade Around the World
With all the systems in place to share information digitally, technology has made it easy to order goods and services from overseas companies, leading to a more efficient and cost-effective way of doing business between countries. This, in turn, helps businesses to grow and have more customers.
3. Boost the Tourism Industry
While technology helps businesses and corporations worldwide to prosper, its effects also trickle down to local businesses. Because of this, local tourism can also flourish. People travel from all over the world to experience different cultures and languages. With more ways for different people from different countries to communicate easily, more tourists will be coming your way even if you are just a small business owner. Not to mention how easy it has become for people to capture beautiful pictures at tourist attractions and upload them on social media.
4. Enhance Communication
Technology is making it easier for businesses and corporations in different countries to keep in touch with each other. Communication between companies and staff has never been easier with secure email, video conferencing systems, and cloud-based business applications. This helps when it comes to creating new products or solving problems, which improves efficiency at work. Technology has made it so easy to communicate between companies in different countries, which helps increase productivity.
5. Enhance Security
With the advancement in technology, businesses and corporations can protect their data no matter where they are. With encryption methods, employees and the company can keep their data more secure. It also helps that companies can communicate with customers more easily through ways such as email, phone calls, and video conferencing. Because it is more difficult for hackers to gain access, it is easier for companies to protect their information.
Technology is an essential part of the world’s economy. It makes the world go round, and because of technology, businesses and corporations can create jobs and increase profits.


Amara Brewah, the Director-General of the National Telecommunications Authority (NaTCA), has overseen a major transition to 5G internet connectivity in Sierra Leone. This significant transformation has been attributed to his visionary leadership and the proactive collaborative environment he has fostered at NaTCA.
Within three months, the two leading mobile operators, Orange and Africell, have integrated 5G, which is the fastest internet speed available globally. This rapid integration is a remarkable step toward embracing the digital age and has the potential to boost economic growth, improve education, healthcare, and governance, and connect people like never before.
The positive advancements in the quality of internet service promises to deliver value that would make a reasonable increase in tariff costs acceptable. The general sentiment is optimistic about the dawn of 5G in Sierra Leone, which promises to usher in an era of heightened connectivity, creativity, and innovation.
Primarily, 5G will enable the development of new applications and services that are not possible with current 4G networks. This includes things like virtual reality, augmented reality, and real-time video streaming. These applications have the potential to revolutionize education, healthcare, and other industries.
5G will also make it possible for more people to connect to the internet. This is especially important in rural areas where internet access is currently limited. With 5G, people in these areas will be able to access the same online resources and services as people in urban areas.
Overall, the introduction of 5G in Sierra Leone is a positive development that has the potential to improve the lives of many people.


If you’re having signal problems at home or at the office, turn on Wi-Fi calling for high-quality, uninterrupted calls. Here is a step-by-step guide to enable Wi-Fi calling on your phone. In short
Wi-Fi calling allows you to receive calls and text messages through an Internet connection.
The recipient will see the phone number when receiving a call through a Wi-Fi connection.
Wi-Fi calling is available on the latest Android and iPhone devices.
Most of the time we have weak or near zero mobile signal in some part of our office or house, especially if the house is near the roof. . To score in these dead places, we wave and wave our phones while talking to them or waiting for OTP. However, the solution to this problem is simple. In areas where cell phone signal is weak, use available Wi-Fi. And in many cases it is. The feature is called Wi-Fi.
So if you’re having trouble with the mobile network but you have access to Wi-Fi, you don’t need a strong mobile network to call. And no, I’m not talking about calling through WhatsApp, Messenger or any other apps. I’m talking about the Wi-Fi calling function that almost all smartphones have. Wi-Fi Calling allows users to make calls from a single number using an Internet connection. Avoid Dividing Up Big Tech
When you connect through a call to Wi-Fi, people who receive calls or texts will see that it is coming from your mobile number. In addition, Wi-Fi calling provides improved call quality, saving your phone’s battery – a weak phone signal drains the battery more and even saves you when trying to find a network connection .
So if you’re having trouble getting a signal in your home or office, switch to Wi-Fi calling for clear and high-quality voice calls. Let’s see how you can enable Wi-Fi calling feature on your Android or iOS phone.
How to make Wi-Fi calling on Android
The steps to enable Wi-Fi calling may differ on Android phones 카지노사이트 depending on the manufacturer. Therefore, we listed three different steps.
For Google Pixel users
— Go to Settings > Network & Internet > Calls & Texts
— Find and open the Wi-Fi calling option. — Now switch to using Wi-Fi to make calls.
For OnePlus users
— Go to Settings > Mobile Network > Tap on Sim 1
— Find and open the Wi-Fi calling option. — Enable Wi-Fi calling.
— You can also set preference between Wi-Fi calls and phone calls within the available network. For Samsung and many other Android devices
— Open the phone app
— Tap the three-dot icon on the top right
— Now tap and open settings
— You will see Wi-Fi calling option Open it and do it. Note: Whenever your call is connected through a Wi-Fi network, you will see Wi-Fi calling on the call screen.
How to enable Wi-Fi calling on iPhones
— Go to Settings > Phone > and tap Wi-Fi Calling. — Enable Wi-Fi calling on this iPhone. Elon Musk’s Launches New Perfume Business to Buy Twitter
- When Wi-Fi calling is available, you’ll see Wi-Fi next to your carrier name on your iPhone’s status bar.


Robroy Enclosures exhibiting at International Wireless Communication Expo (IWCE)
Robroy Enclosures two market-leading non-metallic enclosure brands: Stahlin Non-Metallic Enclosures and Attabox Industrial Enclosures exhibiting at International Wireless Communication Expo (IWCE) Stop by Booth # 578, Las Vegas Convention Center March 29-30, 2017
Robroy Enclosures, a subsidiary of Robroy Industries, serving the electrical products marketplace under one-family ownership since 1905, will be exhibiting at International Wireless Communication Expo Booth # 578, Las Vegas Convention Center, March 29-30, 2017. A wide range of Robroy non-metallic enclosures for wireless applications will be on display.
A key benefit of non-metallic materials is that they enable electronic signals to transmit as freely as information systems require, without the need for an external antenna. Non-metallic enclosures for wireless applications have other advantages as well: they are easy to modify (simple to drill cutouts for audio/video connections); they properly and reliably protect controls in harsh environments; they are non-conductive, and are able to withstand extreme cold and heat.
Robroy Enclosures provides two market-leading non-metallic enclosure brands: Stahlin Non-Metallic Enclosures (www.stahlin.com) and AttaBox Industrial Enclosures (www.attabox.com). Through its two brands, Robroy Enclosures offers the most extensive selection of non-metallic enclosures available for meeting the needs of diverse industries, interior and exterior applications, appealing aesthetics, and physical property performance standards including NEMA 4X and NEMA 6P integrity.


We are happy to announce the release of the Measurement Lab (M-Lab) Launch Report. The recent launch of Measurement Lab (M-Lab) provides consumers, regulators, and content providers with the details about their network’s performance. The M-Lab tool aims to check broadband connections by briefly communicating with a server elsewhere on the internet to reveal possible interference and traffic management by service providers.
Alongside this report, we are also pleased to announce a short-term collaborative research effort using M-Lab which aims to increase network transparency by allowing researchers to share data relating to network performance.
The research will examine network measurement data from various ISPs across the country to provide valuable information on the SOH (State Of Health) of their Internet services. A report will be updated regularly, allowing future monitoring and comparison against past performance. This research will be conducted over the course of months by a team of collaborative of researchers from within C4DLab and externally.
Download the M-Lab Report


LanScan Pro is a simple and efficient IPv4 network scanner that discovers all active devices on any subnet: the local one, or any public subnet that you configure.
LanScan Pro has exactly the same features as the In-App purchase in LanScan free edition. (Hostname resolution without restrictions)
We keep Pro version for backward compabilities, but if youre a new user, its preferred to buy the In-App purchase in LanScan Free edition than buying the LanScan Pro application.
-> Auto-detection of configured interfaces: Airport, Ethernet, Virtual interfaces ...
-> Scan the IP range you like, from 1 IP to the whole IPv4 address space!
-> Scan your local network with ARP packets
-> Scan public IP network ranges with Ping / SMB / mDNS packets
-> Display the IP address, MAC address, hostname and vendor associated
-> Discover the SMB domain if any configured
-> Hostname resolution: DNS, mDNS (Apple devices) and SMB (Windows devices)
-> Custom hostname edition
-> Custom comment for each device
-> Export results in CSV files
-> Hide/show each column
-> Align each column as you want
-> No limitation on the number of devices found !
Comparison with the free LanScan edition:
-> Hostname resolution without restrictions


Firebase Cloud Messaging is a cross-platform messaging solution that lets you reliably deliver messages and notifications to Android, iOS or the Web at no cost. For example, you can specify that new data is available for sync, special offers are ready to re-engage users and more. Messages can be sent to individual devices, groups of devices, or even topics that devices are subscribed to.
Messages can carry a payload of up to 4k, and can also be sent upstream from devices to a central server or other devices.
Firebase Cloud Messaging is the successor to Google Cloud Messaging, and you can learn details here about your options if you already use Google Cloud Messaging.


A brand new advanced technology factory established on board.
All electrical installations completed by Scanel International A/S:
- Extension of hull
- New refrigeration equipment
- New PMS system
- New CCTV system
- Various electrical modifications
Entel is a fully independent company operating its own design and manufacturing divisions with distribution to a global market. Ranked among the leading industry brands, Entel brings exacting standards of innovation, quality and excellence to its professional radio communications equipment, so that users can communicate with confidence across land-based and marine applications.
Entel develop and produces a long range of VHF and UHF based products, which also includes ATEX and MED approved radios. Scanel International A/S has decided to market the hole Entel Marine Program including the GMDSS products to very competitive prices. Beside this, we have the Entel accessory program in our portfolio.
For further information please contact Scanel International A/S.
“What is IP CCTV? IP based cameras are the future. They work by turning images and audio into data then transmitting this data over a network or Internet connection. The ultimate benefit of this over analogue CCTV systems is greater flexibility, better performance and easier installation. Whilst IP CCTV has been available for around 10 years, it is only in the last few years that the technology has matured, leading to the developments in Megapixel IP.”
“Greater Flexibility. IP CCTV systems do not require local recording, they can transmit their images across Local Networks, the Internet and Wide Area Networks to a central location, where they can be recorded, viewed and managed.”
“Better Camera Performance. IP CCTV systems convert all images to data and have no theoretical limit to resolution, providing the relevant bandwidth to transmit the images exists. Our IP cameras offer especially high detail precision with Megapixel resolution, at least 3x better quality than standard analogue cameras. These are very affordable, with pricing equivalent to analogue CCTV systems.”
“Easier System Installation. IP CCTV systems run over existing IP networks, wired or wireless, this makes wiring IP CCTV systems simple, causing less disruption, reducing the time required to install them and minimizing unsightly cables. For anyone familiar with networking, setting up an IP based system is simple with intuitive operation and evaluation. Simple 1 camera systems only require an IP Camera connected to a network/internet connection, and they can then be viewed by a PC using Internet Explorer. If POE (Power over Ethernet) IP cameras and networks are used then the IP CCTV cameras do not even need separate power, they can be powered via the network cable.”
“Better System Integration. IP CCTV systems communicate using IP, allowing them to integrate and co-exist on the same network/cabling as other IP based systems, such as Access Control and IP Phone Systems etc... Integration also means that these different systems can work together, for example an IP camera picking up movement will be able to transmit images of that movement to an IP Video Phone automatically. IP systems also allow the direct use of IP-based services as standard such as e-mail or image sending via FTP.”
“Milestone Systems is the world’s leading provider of open platform IP video management software (VMS) and its XProtect VMS is used by more than 100,000 customers worldwide. XProtect is easy to use, yet powerful software that is designed with open architecture. This means that all XProtect products are compatible with more IP cameras, encoders and digital video recorders than any other VMS manufacturer, giving you the freedom to mix and match hardware to fit your needs and budget. Because XProtect is based on a true open platform, you have the ability to integrate with today’s best analytics and business solutions and to expand what is possible with future innovations.


The Bolero wireless intercom system excels in technical sophistication with its high-clarity voice codec. This proprietary technology not only increases speech intelligibility but also maximizes the efficiency of RF spectrum utilization. It supports a beltpack-to-antenna ratio that is twice that of other DECT-based systems within the same radio bandwidth. The system incorporates the Advanced DECT Receiver (ADR) technology. This technology synergizes a unique receiver design with multiple diversity elements to minimize sensitivity to multipath reflections, thereby making Bolero highly functional even in challenging RF environments that typically hinder other systems.
The Bolero beltpack features a robust design, outfitted with six intercom channels and a dedicated “Reply” button for prompt responses. It also includes a sunlight-readable, dimmable display with rotational capabilities for optimal orientation. Remarkably, the beltpack can operate without a headset, functioning as a walkie-talkie, facilitated by its integrated microphone and speaker. The beltpack offers Bluetooth connectivity, permitting the pairing of a Bluetooth headset or a smartphone. Once a smartphone is connected, the beltpack replicates a hands-free car setup, enabling users to receive and initiate calls through their beltpack headset. Users can integrate phone calls directly into the intercom channels, providing a new dimension of workflow flexibility. The beltpack’s construction utilizes a blend of premium materials, including high-impact plastics and rubber overmolds, based on Riedel’s extensive Managed Technologies experience. This design approach ensures the beltpack’s resilience and comfort under any operating conditions.


- Great choice for compact to mid-range point-and-shoot cameras
- Quick transfer speeds up to 120MB/s(1) to back up those moments. (1)Up to 120MB/s read speed, engineered with proprietary technology to reach speeds beyond UHS-I 104MB/s, requires compatible devices capable of reaching such speeds. Write speed lower. Based on internal testing; performance may be lower depending on host device, interface, usage conditions and other factors. 1MB=1,000,000 bytes.
- Up to 128GB to store tons of pictures and even more Full HD video(2). (2)Full HD (1920×1080) video support may vary based upon host device, file attributes, and other factors. Visit the SanDisk Video Knowledge Base for more information. 1GB=1,000,000,000 bytes. Actual user storage less.
- Exceptional video recording performance with UHS Speed Class 1 (U1)(5) Class 10 rating for Full HD video (1080p)(2). (5)UHS Speed Class 1 (U1) designates a performance option designed to support real time video recording with UHS enabled host devices. See the official SanDisk website for more information on UHS speed.
- Compatible with SanDisk SD UHS-I card reader (sold separately) for speeds up to 120MB/s(1)


The SODAQ Cattle Tracker is a robust cattle tracking device that is solar powered. For communication we have embedded a LoRaWAN-based 32-bit microcontroller module, so the devices can connect either over a public network, such as Everynet or The Things Network. The SODAQ cattle tracker helps a herder, farmer and ranger know the exact geographical location of an animal whenever they need it.
One of the main issues that many cattle trackers have is the necessity of constantly charging the battery by manually plugging them into charging stations. Having to constantly monitor the battery level of the tracker and to check that it’s charge is extremely time consuming. To solve this issue, we designed the tracker to have a 0.5W solar panel that harvests energy from the sunlight. Moreover, the tracker uses an integrated LiPo battery that holds the charge for longer periods of time and is guaranteed to charge whenever the solar panel is exposed to sunlight!
How can you see the location? Well, SODAQ’s tracker uses LoRa technology, an 868/915 MHz antenna and GPS for effective geolocation and communication! Thus, a person or system monitoring the animal is able to track wherever the animal goes. As well, the GPS tracking system is connected to the internet over LoRa to share its own location.
Please contact us, and indicate the number of units as well as the region in which you would like to deploy the solution.


We are one of the UK’s largest stockists of PMMA & Glass fibre for supply to manufacturers and installers.
We offer a wide range of lighting projectors to suit client’s specific requirements.
Fibre Optic Lighting Direct engineers have been installing fibre optic cables for many years throughout UK & Europe and offer installations and practices to maximise your fibre optic system. We also supply fibre optic ceiling kits.
We offer a wide range of star ceiling lights for all applications suitable for direct connection to our fibre optic end ferrules.
Our in house manufacture facility provides complete fibre optic harness design, construction, termination and testing for our clients.
Our professional lighting design consultant can be part of the process offering a unique on site consultation and design along with the supply of equipment and components.
Fibre Optic Lighting is made up of strands of optical fibre in a harness that transmit light along its length from a light source/ Projector. The Fibre Optic harness is a loom of multiple stranded or single stranded cables combined together to allow many lighting points from one light source/ projector.
The light is transmitted through light fixtures, fibre optic chandeliers, and star points with effect controls such as Twinkle, Mood Lighting, Colour Change, and DMX/AVR control and scene setting for many application areas.
Northampton based Fibre Optic Lighting Direct is one of the UK’s largest stockists of Fibre Optic Lighting and Fibre Optic Star Ceiling. We can supply Fibre Optic Ceiling Kits, Swimming Pool Lighting, Sensory Lights for Children and Fibre Optic Chandeliers to your precise specification.


Job position Senior RF Design Engineer
Share this job
IC Resources is working with a client who is looking for RF design engineers to join their team on a contract basis.
Onsite - North East/West UK
3-6-month contract with possible extension
Strong background in microwave design
Line-up analyses, tolerance and yield analysis
Experience using RF Design tools is mandatory
Experience with High frequencies and Microwave frequency converters
If you would be interested in this contract, or know someone who would be a good fit then please get in contact with Max Martin.


Caberg Pro Speak Evo – Universal Bluetooth Kit
With Pro Speak Evo you can enjoy your favorite music in stereo, effortlessly manage your music on the go, and conveniently make and receive phone calls while maintaining crystal-clear digital quality and benefiting from the advanced DSP system for noise suppression.
PRO SPEAK EVO takes communication to the next level. Stay connected with your riding partner or passenger up to a distance of 200 meters, enabling smooth and uninterrupted bike-to-bike conversations. The integrated connectivity and control systems have been tailored to complement the functionalities of major motorcycle manufacturers like BMW, KTM, Ducati, and more.
Safety is our top priority. Our helmets are homologated to ECE 22.06 standards, and with the Caberg Pro Speak Evo communication system in place, they also meet all the rigorous requirements set by the EU regulation, ensuring you have the utmost protection while enjoying the benefits of our cutting-edge technology.
|Intercom rider/passenger (Intercom/Universal Intercom)
|Bluetooth 5.0 with support for the following protocols: Headset profile, Hands Free Profile (HFP), A2DP, AVRCP.
|Intercom distance/bike to bike up to 200m.
|DSP noise suppression
|Easy to use
|Speaker thickness 36 mm
|Upgradeable via PC
|Battery last 7/8 hours
|Charging in 2.5 hours


This Azimuth and Elevation Head will provide reliable, repeatable measurements. An ideal solution and a standard workhorse of any EMC test house for compliance testing.
The AEH-510 Azimuth and Elevation head is used to assist the test engineer in pointing the mounted test antenna towards the device under test. This adjustable antenna mount has a rugged 4" mounting surface with a Captive 1/4-20 male thread for mounting all of A.H. Systems and most other compliance measurement antennas.
|Maximum Load||10 Pounds / 4.5 kg|
|Weight||0.7 lbs. / 0.32 kg|


Online mobile phone shop is meant for the mobile phone shopping on the internet. This application includes the display and purchasing of mobile handsets of different companies. Users can go to Online Mobile phone store and get details about price and specification of any particular mobile handset and they can purchase it too.
The use of mobile phones is increasing day by day and companies also launching new mobile phones in the market. In this scenario the Online Mobile store has a great future scope.
Today the world is a global village due to easy availability of internet. Now a day’s people prefer to buy products over the internet. This is a web based project. Users can search and view details of different mobile handsets from their own place by using internet and purchase it like any online store.
The Online Mobile phone shop owner revenue will definitely be enhanced with the use of this online mobile shopping project. This project has made the buyer and seller happy with the great technical business idea.
Modules of Online Mobile Phone Shop
- Forgot Password
- Change Password
- Shop By Category
- Product Listing Page
- Product Detail Page
- Shopping Cart
- Billing Address & Payment
- My Orders Page
- Track My Orders Page
- City Master
- State Master
- Category Master
- Category Feature Master
- Company Master
- Product Master
- View Enquiry
- User List
- Update Order Tracking Status
- Email Setup
Introduction to Online Mobile Phone Shop
Online Mobile Phone Shop is a web based project developed in asp.net with C# and SQL Server as backend. As we know that mobile market is increasing very rapidly day by day therefore there will be increase with boom in mobile handset market near future therefore Visualizing this huge demand in the future we this is an effort to fulfill the mobile saler and buyer needs. By developing “Online Mobile Phone Shop” project different sellers can promote there handsets online.
Customer who search on Internet, are think about the online shopping because it is very easy, time saving and comfortable; can order mobile handset online than going to market for shopping. So thinking a big hike in the business in this booming mobile handset market and increase in businesses through Internet one should adopt this project.
Objective of Online Mobile Phone Shop
The objective of the project “ONLINE MOBILE PHONE SHOP” is to develop an e-marketing or online mobile shopping system for selling of mobile phones.
The major objectives of this project are as follows: –
- Helping the customer in searching their specific MOBILE with a user friendly search tool
- Provide facility to the customers for Online booking of Mobiles
- Inform customers about the delivery status notification system
- Providing an user friendly user interface for the customer for online sale of Mobiles, facility to search desired mobile according to the given criteria
- Provide limited and secured environment for data access wherever required
- Provide easy access and smooth transition to the pages not requiring much training to the system users
Benefits of Online Mobile Phone Shop:
- Enhanced Performance: – Mobile Phone Store is an ASP.NET project. It runs via internet so the use of this project enhance the performance of the seller; now they can sell their mobile phones to a large number of customers.
- Flexibility: – Online Phone Shop project is very flexible it can be used by any online mobile seller with very nominal changes
- Simplicity:– This project is very simple to operate therefore customers can use this project without any problem.
- Easy Manageability: – Phone Shop is a menu driven project, admin can easily manage all operation of the project with single click.
- Customization and Extensibility: – Online Mobile Phone Shop project can be easily customized according to the sellers need and it can also extended for any future need.
- Security: – Online Mobile Phone Shop project uses SQL Server for its database which provides very good security.
Download Online Mobile Phone Shop Synopsis
DETAILS OF PURCHASING THIS PROJECT:-
** PLEASE NOTE : These project are only for students purpose only


In this article, we will discuss Cisco ASA Firewall Questions and Answers. If you are preparing for the network job, I recommend you go through all the questions. Let’s start!
Cisco ASA Firewall Interview Questions and Answers
What is a firewall?
A firewall is a network security device that is placed in between trust and untrust networks. Firewalls allow the traffic based on configured Access Control Lists. A firewall can be a hardware or a virtual machine running on a private or public cloud.
What do you mean by stateful inspection?
In stateful inspection, firewalls will create a state/connection table and maintain the information of active sessions. A firewall will check the connection table before the Access Control Lists to allow the traffic. Generally, a firewall has the following content in the state/connection table:
- Source IP Address
- Destination IP Address
- Protocol, i.e., TCP/UDP
- Port Numbers, TCP Flags
What do you mean by security level in Cisco ASA?
Security Level is nothing but a number between 0 to 100. High-Security Level means we have higher trust, and Low-Security Level means Lower trust in that particular zone.
Does the Cisco ASA allow the traffic between the same security levels?
By default, the Cisco ASA blocks the traffic between the same security levels. You can use the below command to allow the traffic between the same security levels:
FirewallBuddy(config)#same-security-traffic permit inter-interface
At which layer of the OSI Model firewall works?
Firewalls work on OSI Layer 3 to Layer 7.
Which routing protocols are supported by Cisco ASA?
Cisco ASA supports RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP.
What do you mean by failover in Cisco ASA?
Failover is the Cisco proprietary feature that provides redundancy. We can configure high availability between two identical Cisco ASA firewalls. Here, we are required to configure a dedicated failover link. Firewalls will monitor the physical links and heartbeat to trigger a failover.
What are the failover types in Cisco ASA – Firewall Interview
- Active/Standby failover
- Active/Active failover
How will you configure a default route on the Cisco ASA Firewall?
A default route can be configured using CLI and ASDM. You can use the below command to configure a default route on Cisco ASA Firewall:
FirewallBuddy(config)# route outside 0 0 <next-hop-ip>
How will you configure a static route on the Cisco ASA Firewall using CLI?
FirewallBuddy(config)# route outside <destination-network> <subnet-mask> <next-hop-ip>
What is a transparent firewall?
A transparent firewall will act as a Laye2 device. We can control traffic using the same Access-Lists configured in Layer 3 mode.
What are the two modes of Cisco ASA Firewall?
- Transparent mode
- Routed mode
How can you check the current mode configured on the Firewall using CLI?
FirewallBuddy# show firewall
How can you convert firewall mode to transparent mode using CLI?
Is it possible to block HTTPS traffic on the Cisco ASA Firewall?
We can block HTTPS traffic using ACLs. However, we can’t inspect the HTTPS traffic for different requirements, such as SSL decryption.
How can you manage the Cisco ASA devices?
- Cisco ASA Firewall – Hairpin or U-turn NAT
- How to install Cisco ASAv Firewall in EVE-NG Simulator
- Configure Cisco ASA Firewalls for ASDM Access
- How to configure Static Routes on Cisco ASA Firewall
- Cisco ASA: Security Levels and Zones Explained
- Cisco ASA Configuration Backup using SCP, TFTP, and ASDM
- pfSense Firewall Quick Overview
- How to configure High Availability in Palo Alto Networks Firewall
In this article, we have discussed different questions related to the Cisco ASA firewall interview. I’ll keep this updated with the latest Cisco ASA Firewall questions. I recommend you read the questions before going for an interview.
I hope you like this article. Please share this article on social media platforms and show us some love 🙂


Wall-mounted wireless thermostat WMTE-110
This weekly programmable thermostat allows you to precisely control the temperature of individual rooms, thanks to the EcoDHOME multi-channel receiver.
Using wireless technology, the WMTE is able to control the opening/closing of solenoid valves or switch on/off electric heating systems, without being constrained by the existing electrical system.
The system is modular and therefore brings high flexibility in system configuration.
The heart of the system is the WMTE-110 programmable area thermostat, which manages schedules and daily settings, measures zone temperature and sends commands to power on/off the receiver control units (sold separately).
With WMTE-110 you can control up to 4 periods of each day programmable (5+1+1). The Holidays function will help you to save energy and money.
- 4 periods of each day programmable(5+1+1)
- Heating control.
- Holidays function.
- Large display.
- Six buttons make it easy to use.
- Power supply: 2 batteries AAA 1.5 V.
- Temperature settings: 5÷30°C, 0.5°C increments.
- Accuracy: +/- 0.5°C.
- Frequency: 433 MHz.
- Receiver switch contact: NO and NC.
- Dimensions: 88 mm (A) * 135 mm (L) * 22 mm (P).


Toll Free : (002) 124 2548
Toll Free : (002) 124 2548
This smartphone model is not the first bendable display product to be manufactured by Samsung.
More advancement in smartphone technology may be witnessed in year 2017.Samsung Electronics Co. is one of the leading companies producing several high-technology models of smartphones.The company has continued to show advancements in display technology that have paved the way for more improvements in latest smartphones. Latest smartphone technology proposed by Samsung Electronics Co. is the Samsung's bendable display technology. Bendable display technology means the production of a smartphone or a tablet that can be bent.These bendable smartphones may be produced and launched into the market this year.
Reports on the internet shows that Samsung Electronics Co. recently applied for a copyright of this technology in April 2016 with the Korean Intellectual Property Office.They also applied for an utility permit with the United States Patent and Trademark Office in 2016 with the publication number US 2016-0187994 A1 and named it, “Electronic Device with Flexible Display".The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office approved this patent describing it as a smartphone with a bendable display, a screen that bends inward and a mechanical pivot at the center.Samsung employs the use of organic LED technology for the bendable display of this device.Samsung has used OLED technology in most of their previously produced smartphones.This smartphone model would be the foremost flexible smartphone in the telecommunications industry.Samsung had suffered some setbacks in smartphone production in previous years. The popular Samsung Galaxy Note7 was widely accepted and embraced by the market until its gadgets started getting burnt and exploding when charged by users.
This led to series of charges and lawsuit against the company and several unpalatable incidents.The company decided to recall back all such phones that were sent into the market at a cost of two billion dollars.The company stopped the sales of Galaxy Note 7 everywhere thereby running at a loss of about five billion dollars and ninety five percent of their annual profit.This new bendable smartphone technology with organic LED technology might help the company increase their sales, make more profit, regain their losses and rebuild their company’s image.
How The Flexible Electronics Device Works
This flexible device make use of a bendable display technology. One major challenge faced by manufacturers of this technology was glass-because glass is thick, heavy and does not bend. The present technology used for flexible display is the organic LED (LightEmitting Diode) technology. OLED is a rising display technology that provides amazing, useful displays and lighting panels. A bendable OLED is made on a flexible material such as plastic, metal or a bendable glass.
The metal and plastic substrate are usually not heavy, they are thin and durable. As stated in Samsung’s copyright application, the smartphone model would have an 8-inch screen when opened and a 5-inch screen when used as a handset. The patent application images shows that the two screens functions together in a single phone. It also reveals a pivot uniquely designed to make the phone straight and keep it fit when folded.
Other details are yet to be publicized.
It is good to note that many parts of a normal non-flexible smartphone functions distinctly. Besides the working and bendable display, builders of this technology will have to develop a suitable non-removable battery that does not overheat and functions effectively when the device is bent or straightened.
In Comparison With Microsoft Surface Book
Microsoft also obtained patent right for their Microsoft’s Surface Book in 2015. Samsung bendable smartphone’s axis is similar to Microsoft Surface Book bendable pivot. Samsung’s pivot is almost the same as Microsoft’s multi-pivot armadillo pivot which has a pending copyright proposal with the United States Patent and Trademark Office with publication number US 2016- 0132075 A1. Right violation cases may arise when the products are finally released into the market in countries wherein it can be sold. This is because Samsung applied for a copyright for their bendable device technology in the same year Microsoft’s patent application was rejected. Users of the firstbatch of Microsoft’s Surface Book produced complained that dust usually settle inside the pivot. But patent images of the Samsung’s bendable device reveals that it’s pivot has a distinct arrangement in which each bend curves in such a way that it fits into the next. Samsung’s copyright application also shows that the pivot can function in a way that the device can be bent and unfolded quickly.
In 2015, Samsung made known it’s bendable display technology and named the research, Project Valley. This smartphone model is not the first bendable display product to be manufactured by Samsung. There are many expectations from people about this smartphone technology. One expectation is that it would soon be released and named as Galaxy X. Galaxy Note Edge was produced in 2014 with this same bendable technology having a curved screen. Samsung is the largest supplier of organic LED panels used especially for production of mobile smartphones. Samsung has continued to generate more latest display formats for mobile phones.
They are extensively using this organic LED technology to initiate bigger orders that might place them ahead of their competitors after the financial setback they experienced.
The recent technology makes it possible to design slimmer smartphones with the ability to display sharper and brighter photos, images and videos without reducing the battery life as phones with LCD screen do. Lovers and users of latest technological gadgets are eagerly waiting to see these interesting features in Samsung’s Project Valley that may be launched in 2017.
One expectation is that it would soon be released and named as Galaxy X. Galaxy Note Edge was produced in 2014 with this same bendable technology having a curved screen. Samsung is the largest supplier of organic LED panels used especially for production of mobile smartphones.
Samsung has continued to generate more latest display formats for mobile phones.


|Home | Site Index | Organization | Programs | Archives | Publications | Global Connections | Membership|
January 2002 Issue
The Geographical Review
January 2002, Vol. 92 (1), pp. 45-62
CELLULAR TOWER PROLIFERATION IN THE UNITED STATES
Thomas A. Wikle
Keywords: landscape aesthetics,
technology, telephone, wireless communication.
Since the early 1980s the growing popularity of cellular communication has wrought dramatic landscape changes on the American scene through an invasion of thousands of cellular telephone towers. Objections raised to new tower construction by local residents, interest groups, and regulatory boards range from visual impacts to perceived health risks. This essay traces the origins of wireless telephony, its proliferation across the United States, and the visual impacts associated with tower construction. Three stages in the geographical expansion of wireless networks are identified.


LS VISION released the latest starlight 4G LTE Solar Powered Security Camera in early 2019, , which was upgraded on the image sensor based on the original low power consumption and 4G LTE frequency band. It was equipped with 1/2.8" Sony IMX307 Starlight sensor and 2MP Hisilicon Hi3516E chipest. The Sony IMX307 Starlight sensor has excellent night vision performance, ultra-low illumination and better night time monitoring. And this wireless solar camera with F1.2 4mm Starlight lens. night vision effect is clearer and surveillance distance is farther. night vision distance up to 30-50 meters.
At the same time, this new type of 4g wifi Solar Camera not only support WiFi signal transmission (with 1pc RJ45 10M / 100M Adaptive Ethernet port, 2412MHz-2472MHz，802.11b/g/n，The maximum transfer rate is up to 72Mbp), but also support 4G signal transmission. It uses industrial-grade 4G module with strong signal and long service life, it can be normal used even in remote areas without network. support 4G all Netcom, support telecommunications, Unicom, mobile 4G (FDD-LTE, TDD-LTE, ), 3G (WCDMA/HSPA+, TD-SCDMA), 2G (GSM/GPRS/EDG), support Europe \ US \Japan \ African 4G standards; Operating frequency include LTE B1/B3/B8/B38/B39/B40/B41, WCDMA, 2100/900MHz,TD-SCDMA B34/B39，GSM/GPRS/EDGE: 900/ 1800MHz.
At present, 4g wireless solar cameras for indoor or outdoor waterproof surveillance, it are widely used in mining, oil and gas, construction, road traffic, agriculture, farms, orchards and other areas with remote network coverage, so our 4G Solar Security Cameras support P2P remote check, Built-in Web client, can view the 4G signal strength, modify the login password, wireless access password and others, can achieve through NVR, P2P HD monitoring management software, Through IE browser can adjust saturation, brightness, contrast,sharpness. so you can view the video and control the 4g wireless solar security camera anytime, anywhere.
In addition, this 4g solar camera can be equipped with pan tilt rotating rotation bracket， also can be equipped with 50W solar panel and 12V / 20AH lithium battery and Bracket. using high-performance monocrystalline silicon solar panels, aluminum alloy frame; high strength tempered glass floor; solar panels with metal wall bracket, with duckbill stent can be adjusted to the direction of solar energy;
This starlight wireless waterproof solar panel security camera, Compatible with ONVIF protocol, Can be compatible with most of the mainstream network video recorders on the market, such as back-end monitoring storage devices can provide the SDK, standard with SD/TF memory card slot (support max 128GB card), two way audio optional function, with Motion detection, mask alarm, network cable break, IP address conflict, storage card is full, storage device is wrong and other Intelligent alarm function.
In addition, the 4g wifi solar camera has full HD (2mp 1080P) image processing technology, combined with high-fidelity H.265 video encoding and storage compression, so make recorded videos and pictures clear and delicate, improving night time detail clarity, making every second video valuable at critical moments.


Posted on 29 August 2012
Mobile phone coverage in peril
A George Osborne-led plan that aims to deliver full mobile phone coverage, including voice and 3G, to rural areas may be in peril after Three announced that it is considering backing out of the £150 million project.
Three, which counts some eight million UK residents as its customers, said it has concerns over using the masts sponsored by Osborne’s mobile infrastructure project for its equipment because it fears it will not have enough of the mobile spectrum to bring good coverage to rural inhabitants, millions of whom have little or no service.
The network, which is owned by Hong Kong’s Hutchinson Whampoa, believes the structure of the forthcoming 4G auction will favour the other three major UK networks - O2, Vodafone, and Everything Everywhere. Three wants a greater share of the low-frequency spectrum, which the likes of O2 and Vodafone received in earlier government allocations. Low-frequency airwaves, which can send signals further and require fewer masts, would help Three offer better service in rural areas. Without it, the network’s service would work indoors but would be limited beyond that.
The government had hoped to assign contracts for the building of the masts this month, targeting an early 2013 start date to begin rolling out services. But Three’s announcement that it will not make a decision about being a part of the project until after the end of the controversial 4G auction next year could put a damper on the Chancellor’s ambitions.


A&TA is a company from Berlin, Germany, specializing in managing services for mobile phones, telephone systems and alarm systems for more than 30 years.
1. Mobile communication - We will help you choose a mobile phone and subscription. We cooperate with all airtime providers and can help you choose the most suitable subscription, with or without a mobile phone. We will also manage a mobile phone service for your company – in case of mobile communication outsourcing, you decide which service you would like us to command and we will see to it.
2. Telephone system - We plan, install and programme your new VoIP or ISDN phone connection in Berlin or Brandenburg. Our well-trained cadre plans and installs phone connections according to your wishes. We will professionally advise you – also at your place! I does not matter if you need a new telephone connection, extension or repair of an existing one – we are ready to help you!
3. Alarm system - We plan, install and maintain the alarm systems, monitoring, anti-theft systems, fire alarms and access control systems in Berlin and Brandenburg. The concept of safety will be created and realised according to your personal needs. We can also take care of servicing your alarm system. We have a lot of experience with Telenot, but we will also handle the alarm systems of other producents.
A&TA is independent supplier of mobile management. We work with all network operators (T-Mobile, vodafone, e-plus, o2 etc…) and Hardware producents (Mobilfunk: Apple, Samsung, Nokia, Sony, BlackBerry; Telefonanlage: Siemens Hipath, Auerswald, Funkwerk; Alarmanlage: Telenot, Esser etc…).
We work for companies, public and private institutions. For any further information call 030-32293270 or visit us at Scharnweberstraße 62, in 13405 Berlin Reinickendorf. We are waiting for you!


Vital Things to Note When Purchasing Telecommunication Equipment
Communication is very important for every organization or a very person, and this is the reason behind quite a number of people. Investing different kinds of communication networks. One of the major requirements when it comes to improving your productivity as an organization is by ensuring that you improve the communication within that particular organization. There are so many telecommunications devices that are always known to be very essential to any type organization that wants to improve communication. If you want to acquire different kinds of telecommunications devices, you will realize that there are so many options available for you to choose from. Purchasing good quality telecommunications equipment is not a walk in the Park in this present generation and this is probably the reason behind so many people today considering somebody vital considerations to help them choose the best.click here for more info. If you are looking forward to purchasing telecommunications equipment, there are some very vital considerations that you need to ensure that you focus on in this article is going to help you understand some of the factors.
The first thing that you need to ensure that you do is determining whether you need a brand-new telecommunications equipment or used telecommunications equipment. The quality of the telecommunications equipment that you are planning to buy will always determine the effectiveness of those equipment and therefore, you should go for the best quality. Another important reason why you need to ensure that you focus on the quality of telecommunications equipment is the purposes of durability. The company that will be supplying you with telecommunications equipment will always have a role to play when it comes to determining the quality of the telecommunications equipment. You should see to it that you choose a particular company that is reputable at providing quality telecommunications equipment.
Whenever somebody is looking forward to acquiring different kinds of products, one of the most important things that will always focus on is the aspect of cost because that is what determines purchases. The aspect of cost is always known to be very important because it is what determines whether something is affordable or not and therefore, looking for a good telecommunications equipment that is quite affordable is very important. If you do not know much about telecommunications equipment, a very good and extensive research over the Internet can prove to be very vital especially when it comes to choosing the best telecommunications equipment. There are so many experts that have a lot of experience when it comes to the purchase of telecommunications equipment and therefore, reaching out to them for counsel can be very important.


Sunday, February 23, 2014
GigaBit Networks and Genealogy
Recently I saw a Google blog post about their Googlefiber cities. Apparently, Provo, Utah where one of my daughter lives and now Phoenix, Arizona are both on the list for expansion of the Google Fiber Optic networks. I assume these new Google networks are in direct competition with the present Internet service providers which I think is good. My present service provider is running at about 5 Mbps (5 Megabits per second) for the economy service with the higher rate service at 50 Mbps at almost double the cost. Google's service is free for 5 Mbps and is about the same price for 1 Gigabit (1000 Mbps). In Provo, Utah the higher speed Internet costs $70 per month for Internet only service.
Because of this huge advantage, the old Walking Arizona guy is moving to Provo, Utah. (No, just kidding about the reason, but we are moving) assuming all goes as planned. We should be there completely by sometime this summer.
I am serious about the fact that the current Internet service providers need some competition. OK, so what does this have to do with genealogy. Oh, only if you are reading this online and sitting at a computer linked to the Internet.


In today’s digital world, smartphones have become an essential part of our lives. We use them for communication, entertainment, and even work-related activities.
One of the most important features of a smartphone is its ability to receive and make phone calls. However, at times, we may not want to receive a call or may want to screen it before answering. This is where the Couchagram Incoming Call Lock app comes in.
In this article, we will discuss in detail what the Couchagram Incoming Call Lock app is, how it works, and its features.
What is the Couchagram Incoming Call Lock app?
The Couchagram Incoming Call Lock app is a mobile application designed to help users control incoming phone calls. With this app, users can screen incoming calls and decide whether to answer or reject them. The app provides users with a lock screen interface that appears whenever a call is received. This interface allows users to answer the call, reject it, or send it to voicemail.
How does the app work?
The Couchagram Incoming Call Lock app works by intercepting incoming phone calls and displaying a lock screen interface. When a call is received, the app takes over the phone’s lock screen and displays a customizable interface. The interface provides users with several options, such as answering the call, rejecting it, or sending it to voicemail. Users can also customize the interface by adding photos or text to make it more personalized.
One of the unique features of the app is that it allows users to set up a “call delay.” This means that users can delay incoming calls for a specific amount of time, such as 5 or 10 seconds. During this time, the lock screen interface appears, and users can decide whether to answer the call or reject it.
The app also has a “do not disturb” mode that users can activate to silence incoming calls. This mode is useful when users do not want to be disturbed, such as during a meeting or while sleeping.
Features of the Couchagram Incoming Call Lock app
The Couchagram Incoming Call Lock app comes with several features that make it a useful tool for controlling incoming phone calls. Some of these features include:
Customizable lock screen interface
The app allows users to customize the lock screen interface by adding photos or text. Users can choose from a range of pre-made templates or create their own. This makes the lock screen interface more personalized and easy to use.
Users can set up a call delay to screen incoming calls before answering or rejecting them. This is useful when users are busy or need to prepare themselves before answering a call.
Do not disturb mode
The app has a “do not disturb” mode that users can activate to silence incoming calls. This mode is useful when users do not want to be disturbed, such as during a meeting or while sleeping.
Whitelist and blacklist
Users can create a whitelist and blacklist of contacts. Incoming calls from contacts on the whitelist are allowed, while those on the blacklist are automatically rejected.
The app can be password-protected to prevent unauthorized access. This is useful when users want to keep their phone calls private or prevent others from changing the app’s settings.
The app keeps a log of all incoming and outgoing calls. Users can view the call history and filter it by date or contact. This is useful for keeping track of important phone calls.
The Couchagram Incoming Call Lock app is free of ads, which means users can use it without being interrupted by annoying advertisements.
Benefits of using the Couchagram Incoming Call Lock app.
Control incoming phone calls
The app allows users to control incoming phone calls and decide whether to answer or reject.


I’m not sure about you, but I am old enough to remember my first LAN. All wires and plugs, and lots of disconnects due to poor connectors and cables. But now we’ve got Wi-Fi networks, and this makes us much happier, right? Well… sometimes! Often times, you will discover dead spots in your house, areas where the Wi-Fi signal is sucked into a virtual black hole. I call that “the black hole of distress”…
I don’t know how you like to call it, but the problem can be very serious, especially when it happens in a random way. You don’t have any problem loading a vegan pasta recipe on your tablet, but then, only five minutes later, you can’t even access the website that lists those juicy meatballs recipes!
Could this be the monstrous act of a bunch of meat-fighting conspirators? The answer is a firm NO! It’s just that Wi-Fi, like many other things in life, is far from being perfect. The signal simply loves certain areas in your home, but dislikes other areas. Just move your tablet a few inches and – bam! – the signal is gone.
You may already know some of the dead Wi-Fi spots in your home, but trust me – there are many more! Fortunately, applications like WiFi Analyzer (open-source) make it very easy to discover all the dead spots using a simple Android-based phone.
There are other solutions for iPhones and even desktop-based computers, of course, but the latter ones will only be effective if you will install them on a laptop which can be moved around.
1. Orient the router and its antennas
The antennas in your router are omnidirectional. This means that the signal travels in all the directions with the same intensity, unless it encounters an obstacle. So the first piece of advice is to place the router in the center of your house. Of course, if you’re only using Internet-connected devices in a certain area, you should place the router in the center of that particular area.
Sometimes you will need to send the Wi-Fi signal towards a specific device – the laptop in your home office, for example. If this is the case, make use of a RP SMA extension cable and connect it to a directional antenna.
If your router has internal antennas, you can place a sheet of aluminum foil behind it to direct the signal towards the desired location.
2. Choose the proper router channel
Apps like the one mentioned above will help you determine the proper router broadcast channel as well. Since most routers are set to broadcast on channel 11, for example, you can use WiFi Analyzer and switch to a less crowded channel.
3. Purchase a new router
I know, you’re still emotionally attached to your good old router. It hasn’t failed you in 10 years, after all. But the reality is that the new routers are much faster. Not to mention that the dual-band routers, which can use the 5GHz frequency as well, are able to broadcast on many more channels, so your chances of finding a 100% free channel for your own use increase exponentially.
4. Use a range extender
If you already went through the items listed above and the situation hasn’t changed, it’s time to buy a range extender, a device that will receive your poor Wi-Fi signal, amplify it, and then rebroadcast it.
The price for a decent extender ranges from $50 to $100. It’s best to buy one that matches the specifications of your router, of course.
Critical Linux Vulnerability Exposed
Everyone loves Linux! In fact, this operating system is so solid that it’s being used on space stations as well. And yet, there are times when news like this one send shivers down our spines: Linux is vulnerable to an off-path TCP exploit.
Researchers have recently discovered a flaw that allows the attackers to intercept TCP traffic and alter it without needing a man-in-the-middle position. Fortunately, the vulnerability can only be used with the HTTP protocol, which doesn’t encrypt the connection between the visitor and the desired website.
The attackers can inject data and even terminate connections, though. And to make the matter even worse, this vulnerability hasn’t been patched since 2012.
There is some good news as well. Computers that run the Windows or Mac OS X operating systems are not affected, because they don’t make use of the affected RFC 5961 protocol, which is vulnerable to attacks.
According to researchers, a successful attack needs less than a minute, and the success rate ranges from 88 to 97%. To fix the issue, the TCP protocol implementation has to be changed, limiting its global rate with the goal of preventing side channel attacks.
Volkswagen’s Keyless Entry System is Vulnerable
Researchers have recently found out that keyless locks, which are installed on most modern cars, can be easily bypassed. The study focused on several vehicles that have been produced by Volkswagen, and the results weren’t very encouraging: the company has been using only a few keys to encrypt the wireless signals used by the car remotes since 1995.
Researchers have built a cheap transceiver, and then they have used it to capture the signals sent by the electronic keys. A single button press was enough for them to get the wireless key, and then open the car.
Audi, Seat, Alfa Romeo, Chevrolet, Peugeot, Opel, Renault, Ford and Lancia are also affected by this problem. All of them are making use of an outdated rolling code scheme, which can be easily broken by a modern-day laptop within minutes.
This discovery explains why many high-end cars were stolen without a trace. And even though the manufacturers have been notified, a quick fix is not possible, because car software can’t be patched that easy.
And the thieves won’t stop here! Several vehicles have been stolen in Washington DC using a different method. The burglars are using an amplifier to boost the key signal. If the keys are close enough to the car, the system works. The targeted models are Audi, Volvo and Acura cars which have been produced in 2010 or later.
Vancouver Police Used the Stingray Surveillance Technology
The Canadian police force has admitted using cell phone dragnet equipment. The Stingray surveillance technology mimics a legitimate looking cell phone tower, with the goal of getting information, location and even content from the phones that connect to it.
Vancouver’s Pivot Legal Society has been fighting for years, trying to find out if the police has used stingrays before, and if they are going to use them again in the future. Both answers were affirmative.
Police has confirmed that the stingray device was used in 2007 to gather information about a potential abduction and possible murder. The device was used to determine if the cell phone owned by the abducted person was located in a certain area.


In our latest newsletter edition, we present an article titled “How To Prepare A Project Feasibility Report For The Procurement Of A Telecommunications Licence In Nigeria.”
This informative piece explores a crucial aspect of obtaining an individual telecommunications license from the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC). It highlights key components that should be included in a PFR to assist companies in smoothly preparing this essential supporting document for their telecom license acquisition.
We believe that this valuable information would be beneficial to any company seeking to obtain a telecommunications license from the NCC.
To access the article, kindly click here.