Public Radio Tulsa stations KWGS and KWTU have led the way in developing high-definition radio programming options in Tulsa. Will it catch on?
Many of us have already made the switch to high-definition television. The crisper version enhances our TV experience, making us feel as if the action is happening right in our homes. We can distinguish each bead of sweat on a baseball player’s brow, and we can make out every line on our favorite actor’s face. But what most of us don’t know is that television isn’t the only high-definition medium — radio has made the jump as well.
HD radio hasn’t received the hype of HD TV, leaving many wondering how radio can even offer HD when there’s nothing visual to see.
The new technology allows listeners to hear analog signals in digital format, says Rich Fisher, general manager of Public Radio Tulsa, KWGS and KWTU.
Basically, instead of your eyes getting a crisp view, your ears hear every sound, but without the hiss, the static and the fade out. It’s literally music to your ears — and with a better quality than ever before.
The first station to offer digital radio to Oklahomans was KWTU, The University of Tulsa’s classic music radio station, which signed on to digital in October 2004. NPR Labs was one of the main driving forces behind HD radio, Fisher says. A couple of years later, KWGS followed KWTU’s lead. Today, 20 stations in Tulsa offer HD programming, including KVOO, KMOD and KTBZ.
In addition to better sound, Fisher says HD radio allows for more consistent program formats. That’s because with the AM/FM analog system, there’s a limit to the number of frequencies that can exist. HD radio allows programmers to split digital bandwidths into two or three different programs, which means innumerable program options. The technology also allows radio stations to tailor different HD stations to different audiences. Programming no longer has to be diverse to capture listeners.
“It’s a way to offer more programs than (analog) radio can possibly carry,” Fisher says. “We’re reaching some interesting niche audiences who are appreciating the fact that they have a whole channel doing things they like to hear all the time. We’ve invested a lot of money in it, and I think it’s going to offer public radio listeners a wider variety of choices.”
Currently, KWGS offers seven HD channels: National Public Radio offerings, classical, jazz, BBC world news, talk programming, acoustic music and intelligent pop.
Fisher says he isn’t sure whether this technology will take off the way AM/FM technology has, but if it does, it will have a long lifespan.
“Our response from listeners has been really positive, but the penetration is extraordinarily low, with probably around 1 percent in Tulsa,” he says.
The HD radio adoption is slow-moving because of several factors. Currently, listeners must have a digital converter or a digital radio to listen to HD radio. Also, the digital signal has the capability to extend much farther than analog, but doing so could cause interference with existing analog stations. As a result, the FCC has limited signal strength to 1/100th of a station’s analog power. However, the FCC has submitted rules for public comment that would boost digital output so HD would cover the same area as an analog signal and boost potential HD listenership. Fisher says he’s hopeful the agency will issue a ruling by year’s end.
“One of the great promises HD radio has is to reinvent radio with experimentation,” Fisher says. “When FM first started, it was the same thing.”
KWGS and KWTU recently received a grant from the George Kaiser Family Foundation that’s geared toward a local news initiative. With the funds — half a million dollars to be spread out over 10 years — they’ve hired a news director, John Durkee.
“He gets a finger on the pulse of what’s happening and what’s important in our area,” Fisher says.
The stories range from the impact of national stories on the community to local and national trends. Fisher says KWGS and KWTU are taking a different approach to news than most radio stations by trying to focus on more “substantive issues within the community,” he says, such as covering different angles of a typical story.
“We’re doing it because it’s our mission to serve the community with quality, informed programming,” he says.


LAMBDA with High-Z sensor is well suited for energies above 20 keV
We have developed versions of the LAMBDA system where the Silicon sensor is replaced with one of the “high-Z” materials – Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) or Cadmium Telluride (CdTe). These provide greater detection efficiency at high X-ray energies. The result:
- zero noise
- high spatial resolution
- high speed
The 2,000fps readout of a high-Z LAMBDA system is more than 1,000 times faster than a typical flat-panel detector. This allows time-resolved hard X-ray experiments on millisecond timescales.
Sensor material: Gallium Arsenide or
As shown in the photoelectric absorption graph, Cadmium Telluride has higher quantum efficiency than Gallium Arsenide at higher X-ray energies. This makes CdTe the natural choice for experiments at 60keV and above.
However, CdTe strongly re-emits fluorescence photons around 25–30keV when illuminated with higher-energy photons. This can reduce the detected signal and slightly blur the image.
So, GaAs is beneficial in the 25–50keV range. After flat-field correction, GaAs sensors also deliver better image uniformity.
If you’re considering using high-Z material, get in touch and we’ll find the best solution for your experiment.
Depending on the sensor material the following specifications are valid:
|Recommended option by energy range
||6 – 24keV
||8 – 75keV
||8 – 150keV
|Extendede energy range
||6 – 25keV
||25 – 50keV
|Adjustable threshold range
||4 – 40keV
||5 – 50keV
||5 – 75keV


What You Must Know About Geteb8
GB Bank has developed Getebeight. They are a UK based company that manufactures mobiles with global appeal. These phones are one of the best mobile phones available in the market. They have excellent features that will make your mobile experience satisfactory. GB Bank has several models to choose from, but let us focus on two of them. The Getebeight PDA is a high end model with many advanced features.
The company provides recently launched Getebeight PDA, a touch display phone for business inside the UK. This phone has been designed by Cell phone and manufactured simply by T-Mobile. It is usually compatible with GSM and CDMA carriers. Moreover, it offers a QWERTY computer keyboard which provides a better typing knowledge than regular keyboards. It also offers different languages for example English, German, People from france and Spanish.
You could get connected to the internet using the UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS cable. As you go about linking the phone for the computer, you acquire a Wifi killer spot on your COMPUTER. Allowing you entry the internet via your Getebeight even any 솔카지노 time you are journeying abroad. This cell phone also features a micro SD cards for additional storage. It has voice dialing, call forwarding, call waiting in addition to an instant messaging facility. In addition, it also includes a calendar, contacts, and is able to surf the web.
If you hook up the phone by way of WLAN, you obtain an access level that allows you to get attached to the internet. This is ideal for an enterprise particular person who wants to get connected to the office system. This gets an individual connected to the particular internet and can be used for emailing, searching the net, speaking online, and additional similar functions. There are several programs that exist from the Geteb Eight UNITED KINGDOM webstores.
There is the contract option obtainable from the Geteb Eight UK stores exactly where you get a 30 days to month contract with Geteb Eight. You obtain a free Geteb Eight phones as well! The cost of this strategy is about 5GBP for a minimal of two months. Presently there is also an unlimited talk period option within this link, which enables you to talk as much as you desire and whenever you feel like it.
There are numerous functions that are obtainable with this connection. 1st of all, you obtain a broadband internet connection that is faster than the dial upward connection. In addition, it offers unlimited use of typically the MMS and text services. You possibly can make VoIP calls applying this switch up connection. Typically the Geteb Eight is also connected to the International Cell phone Equipment Association (IMEA) and the Electronic Active Europe (DAE). This enables a person to send in addition to receive DECT phones and other radio transmitters.
Another feature with this connection is the price. It is very cheap and affordable. In fact , that is less expensive than the usual normal high speed connection. This will be perfect for any business that would like to get connected together with the planet at little cost. The Geteb Eight will work well in most countries across typically the world. This is therefore because it ideal for all three period zones and may consequently be used anywhere in the globe.
This awesome phone service will even enable you to be able to get connected together with your family and friends. You obtain to talk to them at typically the same time an individual are talking to your current business associates. This is possible because the voice quality is usually magnificent and clean. This is also a fantastic way to keep in touch together with your family and keep associated with them even when you take holiday. All within all, getb8 will be a great method to stay connected and stay informed.


The SP-4400 has become a much talked about development in the electronic field in recent times. This advancement is a semiconductor process technology, also known as a process node which allows for higher performance in different types of electronic devices. This new process node is offering a paradigm shift in the industry, as it is drastically outperforming the standard processes most commonly used today.
The most notable attribute of the SP-4400 is its ability to scale. This process node allows for the system to match demand, which is especially important in fast-changing markets such as mobile, automotive, and 5G. This technology is now able to offer high-end performance and complex features that are previously impossible with the standard process.
One of the reasons why this new technology is so important right now is that it allows creators to offer more at a fraction of the cost. It is no secret that electronic components are often expensive, and this new process node is surrendering a tremendous cost savings. It can save those looking solely in the cost area a great deal of money, without sacrificing any performance alleviations.
Moreover, it brings the ability to offer new features that are becoming more popular in the industry. SP 4400 is able to offer enhanced audio and video functionality, as well as offering improved performance in games. Additionally, it brings about a larger cache size, which enhances responsiveness and speed.
The new process node is also offering improved battery life, due to the energy efficiency of the new chips. This is quickly becoming seen as the standard in the industry, as it is one of the most sought after features in any device.
Overall, understanding why the SP-4400 is so important right now is important in order to determine how the industry will progress. This new process node is offering improved performance and features, while also saving money. It is surely living up to the expectations of the industry thus far, and we can look forward to it being an important development for many years to come.


2323 Port Sheldon 101
Jenison Mi 49428
MON &THUR 8:30AM-8:00PM
We are now a authorized dealer for SONOS AUDIO!
PLAYBAR’s nine-speaker design floods any room with super-realistic audio for games and movies, huge waves of live concert sound, and wireless streams of all the music on earth. And it all comes from one easy-to-use player that brings HiFi sound to your high-definition TV.
Wilson's cell phone signal boosters overcome the problem of dropped calls, limited range and slow data rates for cell phones and data cards by amplifying weak cellular signals. Our cell signal boosters are able to pick up weak cellular signals from a cell tower and transmit them to your cellular device, and then transmit a more powerful signal back to the tower.


All data collection can take place offline, both with KoBoCollect and with Web Forms.
When a user enters data it is stored first on the device. KoBoCollect can be set to attempt sending the information through a network connection immediately or only at a later stage when the interviewer or supervisor wants to upload finalized forms. Web Forms will always attempt to upload data immediately and will retry until a connection has been established again.
All synchronization is proofed even against poor Internet connection quality. Should a connection time out or be interrupted while a specific form is being transferred, it will be resent with the next upload attempt. The server will not integrate half received data in this case. Only when a record has been uploaded successfully and the server confirms receipt will the survey data be removed from the upload queue.
Web Forms uses the browser's HTML5 offline storage to store survey responses as well as the form itself. It is important to wait for the small confirmation message in the top-right on the form, which will show a green checkmark once the form has been cached. After this the form can be accessed and data can be entered even without any connection. It is recommended to create a bookmark on the device to easily access specific forms
What do I do if I have NO access to the internet?
If it is not possible to connect a handset to the Internet at all (the interviewers can't move into an area where a connection is available), then it is also possible to transfer survey data from KoBoCollect through an external tool (ODK Briefcase) and by connecting the mobile devices by USB cable to a local computer. For more details about how to use ODK Briefcase to transfer data, read this post. After this is it possible to upload the survey data from a centralized computer to the KoBoToolbox server, using the same tool.
Finally, it is also possible to install KoBoToolbox on a local computer, e.g. a laptop, and then connect local mobile devices through a local WiFi to the computer. This WiFi does not need to be connected to the Internet as there would be a direct connection between the mobile devices and the local computer. See here for finding out how to install KoBoToolbox on your computer.


to Albright Engineering
With 20 years of experience in the Rocky Mountain Region, Albright Engineering is prepared to provide excellent representation in the territory.read more
Located near the Denver Tech Center, Albright Engineering is near I-25, I-225 and C-470.
- 10427 East Ida Ave.
- Greenwood Village, CO 80111
- Telephone: 303-877-9524 (Sales) 303-877-6941 (Admin Spt)
- FAX: 303-768-8328
Albright Engineering, Inc
CommunicationsProducts for broadband, point to point, FHSS and M2 M systems
MilitaryProducts for use in tactical radios, SATCOM, Ground, Air and Shipboard Data Links, Radar and ISR
AerospaceSpace flight hardware including antennas, cables, active and passive components
EnergyParts used in Green Engergy and SMART GRID applications
MedicalProducts for medical instruments
Industrial ControlsM2M communication systems, control and monitoring devices


Exploring the Evolution and Impact of the Networking Store
As the world gets more digital, the realm of technology has consistently experienced exponential changes. One area that has witnessed significant transformation is networking. Technology advancement has brought about a change to the traditional on-premise network setup and has transitioned into cloud-managed networking services. This article aims to examine the concept of a networking store and its pivotal element – the meraki wireless license.
Understanding the Networking Store
Networking store refers to a one-stop-shop that offers networking services, tools, and sorts of equipment. It provides small scale companies to Fortune 500 companies with requisite hardware and software solutions needed to set up, deploy, and manage a networking infrastructure effectively. The networking store manages an extensive portfolio ranging from routers, switches, firewalls, adapters, cables to software licenses needed for network functionalities.
The Network Store’s Dynamic Technology – The meraki wireless license
One remarkable product offered by the networking store is the meraki wireless license. Developed by Cisco Meraki, the foremost networking company worldwide, this license provides businesses with simplistic yet sophisticated cloud-managed networking services. But what makes the meraki wireless license noteworthy?
Benefits of Meraki Wireless License
Cisco Meraki brings you an all-inclusive network solution that is controllable from a dashboard. This dashboard allows users to effortlessly manage and control all Meraki devices connected in the network from anywhere globally, all in real-time. It gives a detailed viewpoint into the network’s operation, including users’ behavior, application usage, and device location. What this means is that network administrators can spot and rectify network issues quickly and efficiently.
The second benefit of the meraki wireless license is that it is scalable to accommodate the growth of any organization. As business installations expand, they can conveniently manage all locations, be it one site or even a thousand.
Moreover, Meraki provides solid network security. The meraki wireless license accompanies automatic firmware upgrades, which helps ensure all connected devices have the most secure and recent versions. Consequently, it significantly reduces a network’s vulnerability to cyberattacks.
In conclusion, the networking store provides businesses with the tools and services necessary for a smooth and efficient network operation. At the heart of its extensive portfolio is the meraki wireless license. It bestows the user with comprehensive control over the network, granting visibility and quick problem resolution efficiency whilst ensuring top-notch security. The meraki wireless license, hence, serves as an essential tool enabling businesses to navigate the digital landscape confidently.


Live Instructor-led Online Course
|Subject||:||Network and Security|
A computer network (LAN or WAN) operates by connecting computers and the peripherals (like printers and scanners) using two pieces of equipment: switches and routers. The switches enable the devices in a local network to talk to each other, while the routers enable the devices to connect with external networks. This course teaches you the basics of networking and how to configure a small network with routers and switches. It also gives exposure to many related subjects in LAN/WAN networking.
Upon completion of the course, you will know how to configure routers and switches in a network adhering to protocols. Key topics covered include:
It is always joyful to enable passionate learners in their journey to success. Catch our learners share their experience about learning on CloudKampus.
© 2021 CloudKampus. All rights reserved.


Join Computer and Control pioneered real time digital video recording (DVR) systems in Australia in 2001. Since then we have continued to develop and provide market leading CCTV solutions including hardware and software. We have used our expertise from our Joinpro Enterprise software and developed a fully first Australian made, owned & supported VMS (Video Management System). Our VMS employs MP-CCTV (Multi-Platform CCTV) architecture to expand a traditional analogue CCTV system into a flexible analogue and IP system enabling you to connect high definition & IP cameras under a unified software platform.
Our VMS is based on an open platform, which allows third-party CCTV manufacturers to integrate their products with our VMS, instead of being tied to one hardware company’s propriety product offerings. Our VMS gives customers the ability to select best-in-class CCTV product, all different brands of hardware are seamlessly integrated and managed through one single interface for greater efficiency and user friendliness. Our VMS also provides the ability for other software vendors to develop their own solutions and add different types of devices to the existing platform.
In 2015 Join registered Joinfinity as one of its subsidiary companies. Joinfinity will focus on VMS software, VMC (video monitoring centre) software and complete security solutions.


In this comprehensive report, we explore the realm of location positioning and tracking in distributed structures using innovative Safectory technology. Multitags, Beacons, and powerful Mioty wireless networks make airport operations more efficient and secure. Additionally, passenger and cargo safety is enhanced.
Long-Range Detection in Distributed Environments with Safectory Technology
We are pleased to announce that Safectory has reached another milestone! In an impressive demonstration in collaboration with Munich Airport and AeroGround GmbH, we have successfully shown how objects in airports and other distributed structures can be located without the need for power or data connections. This achievement was made possible by using our Safectory Multitags, Beacons, and the powerful Mioty wireless networks.
Utilizing our technology enables precise location positioning in distributed structures and will contribute to making airport operations more efficient and secure, enhancing the safety of passengers and cargo. We are proud to be experts in the field of object location positioning and tracking at Safectory and look forward to exploring new applications. A big “Thank You” goes to the Munich Airport team and AeroGround GmbH for their close collaboration in making this successful demonstration possible.


Shure Incorporated is an American audio products corporation. It was founded by Sidney N. Shure in Chicago, Illinois in 1925 as a supplier of radio parts kits. The company became a consumer and professional audio-electronics manufacturer of microphones, wireless microphone systems, phonograph cartridges, discussion systems, mixers, and digital signal processing. The company also manufactures listening products, including headphones, high-end earphones, and personal monitor systems.
Lists containing Shure :
30 Best Headphone Brands
Whether traveling or jogging, movie or music, great sound quality makes everyone enjoy. Today, we will tell you about the best brands around the world, which are headphones manufacturers and are at the forefront of both sound quality or popularity. Nowadays a top-notch headphone is no less than a good friend. Whether you are on…


ET-RC is a new 3.0 generation controller of inverters from EDECOA, which is upgraded with imaginable functions. This time there are 13 indicators on the screen. Besides the voltage and Amp of both input and output and the output frequency and output frequency, it displays the battery capacity, load volume, inverter internal temperature, and fans' working status in real-time figures. Different error codes and alarm statuses will be displayed on LCD as well. You know what's going on with your system at a glance.
ET-RC has an independent high-speed MCU, which ensures its real-time and accurate signal source. Working together with the multi-protection and imaginable alarm design, the controller provides you with an insight view of your system. For example, once the battery voltage is too low, the smart buzzer will be beeping, and the battery capacity figure will become empty and flash. From now on, system alert indicators are not only soundable but also visible.
If you are tired of belting down to find the USB port on an inverter or found it inconvenient to pass through cables before plugging in a USB socket, then you will definitely like the USB ports provided on the ET-RC controller board. Both USB ports are 5V 2.1A. They are compatible with most of the devices. The most important point is that the current for these ports is controlled by an independent MCU and transported through an independent line, directly from your battery supply. You will never have an interruption issue with ET-RC.


A Network Cabling Contractor Can Help
Network cabling services understand just how to properly set up network cabling to ensure that it goes to its optimum, as well as the efficiency of your network will boost appropriately. If you require a robust network system that is scalable and also stable, network cabling experts can assist. You’ll be able to produce an inexpensive network with their specialist aid. It is a truth that telecommunication spaces are several of one of the most greatly made use of spaces within a building. As a matter of fact, sometimes, telecommunication spaces might have as numerous as 100 workers, depending upon the size of the company. Because these areas are so greatly made use of, the network cabling requires to be dependable, protected, efficient, as well as economical. This means that your network cabling demands to be able to sustain the website traffic demands put on it, which can be really hefty. A network cabling professional can assist in developing as well as setting up a variety of different sorts of cords. This includes coaxial, fiber optic, twisted cabling, and also a lot more. There are several different kinds of cords readily available to satisfy the needs of any kind of firm. Whether you need something that is basic or lavish, network cabling specialists exist to ensure that they are set up effectively. It is vital that every one of the cabling in your structure be effectively lit. Poor lights can affect the performance of the cords, which consequently can bring a number of various other troubles with it. Network cabling specialists have actually highly educated personnel that collaborate with lights systems in order to provide you with proper illumination for your workplaces. They can work with you in choosing regarding what type of lighting would be best for you, your company, and also the devices located within your offices. They additionally collaborate with you to see to it that you have adequate quantities of light in your structure in order to accomplish your work. While certain cables might have to be gone through your buildings walls and also other frameworks, a network cabling contractor will take care of whatever. They will see to it that the cables are done so and also the proper placement has been met. They can even use aid with the electric circuitry of the structure if you are not a professional in this area yourself. By doing this you can have the cords run properly to ensure that you can obtain the maximum productivity out of them. If you require a brand-new network cabling professional, you can ask around to see who has experience in providing the service you are in need of. You can additionally look online to see what you can locate. There are many different service providers available that can supply you whatever from fundamental cabling to fiber network cabling. You ought to take the time to consider all of the options that are available to you prior to making your decision on which one is appropriate for you. You want to make certain that your installment is finished appropriately which the wires will certainly give you with years of use and also pleasure from them.


Not a member yet? Join Now
Send OTP and notifications to your users by email. Forget about configurations and records with this API.
Send Html or text Email Easily With Our Mail Sender API Without Any Mail Account and SMTP Server Very Low Cost and Affordable Prices
Best API to send email messages noth html an...
"The Temporal Email Verification API ensures email legitimacy by identifying temporary or disposable addresses, vital for spam and fraud prevention."
The Transient Mail Verification API validates email addresses, identifying temporary or disposable ones to prevent spam and fraud.
The Telegram Public Channel Data API allows users to access public channels on the Telegram messaging app. This API provides a way to fetch messages and metadata from public channe...
Temporary Email Generator API allows you to generate temporary email addresses on demand. You can use these addresses to protect your privacy and avoid spam. The API is easy to use...
Unlock the Twitterverse's pulse with our Twitter Data All-in-One API – a dynamic gateway to a treasure trove of real-time tweets, user insights, and trending topics. Seamlessly int...
The Temporary Email Verifier API swiftly identifies and blocks temporary email addresses, ensuring enhanced security and a spam-free digital environment.
The Ephemeral Email Verifier API swiftly verifies email authenticity, detects disposable emails, ensuring accurate communication and safeguarding against fraudulent or temporary ac...
Transient Email Checker API: Enhance data integrity and security by instantly identifying and blocking disposable/temporary email addresses in real-time.
"The Tempmail Checker API verifies email addresses by identifying disposable domains, enhancing data quality and reducing fraudulent activities."
Empower your communication with the Poland SMS Sender API. Seamlessly integrate SMS functionality into your applications, enabling instant and reliable messaging to Polish contacts...
The Temporary Email Checker API swiftly identifies and filters out temporary email addresses, enhancing communication security and mitigating potential risks.
The Confirm Email API ensures real-time validation, enhances security, and improves user experience by confirming the accuracy of submitted email addresses.
Electronic Mail Verification API ensures accurate and efficient validation of email addresses. Syntax check, domain verification, and real-time processing enhance communication rel...
The Temporary Email Detector API swiftly identifies disposable email addresses, improving data quality and security for businesses and applications.
The Temporary Email Validator API swiftly identifies and blocks temporary email addresses, enhancing online security by preventing spam, fraud, and abuse.
The Email Verifier API simplifies email management by detecting and handling bounced emails from various ISPs. With this API, you can ensure that your messages are delivered effect...
Find, Connect, & Manage APIs using one account with a single API key.
You're seconds away from your API key, along with:
1000+ powerful API's
Transparent and fair pricing
World-class technical support
10,000+ of the world's top engineers and organizations run on Zyla API Hub:
Zyla API Hub is improving each week. Follow us on social media to get updates.


As a complement to our design and panel fabrication services, we provide systems integration services to ensure that all of your mechanical, electrical, and automation systems operate seamlessly and efficiently. Our services include:
Develop detailed design and assembly drawings
Work with the end users, owners, maintenance staff, operators, etc. to develop a system tailored to their requirements and level of expertise
Fabricate and deliver all controls, data acquisition equipment, etc. to the site
Utilize a local contractor to provide any installation work
Provide systems programming, start-up, and commissioning.
Comprehensively train the end users, owners, maintenance staff, operators, etc. regarding the user-interface and the automation components.
Provide continued maintenance and diagnostics through on-site and remote access services (via the internet and/or telephone)
Systems integration is the application, assembly, programming, and commissioning of computer-based components from different vendors to make a complete system for a specific application. As an automation systems integrator, ICDS can provide facility instrumentation and control systems that are custom tailored to meet the specific needs of the end users, owners, maintenance staff, operators, etc.
From paper design to operator's easy-to-use graphic interface!
Innovative Construction & Design Solutions, LLC
10 White Wood Lane
North Branford, CT 06471
Phone: (203) 453-8596
© Copyright 2022, ICDS, LLC. All rights reserved.


Micro and Macrobending loss in Optical fiber
Macro bending loss: Macrobending occurs when the optical fiber is bent into a curvature of a large radius relative to the fiber diameter (large bends). If the radius of curvature in which the optical fiber is bent is less than several centimeters, then these bends could become a great source from where power loss could happen. Macrobend can be found in a fiber cable or in a splice tray that has been bent. There would be no such huge loss in the Macrobend if it has a radius that is large enough.
Although, if the optical fibers are bent in the curvature whose radius is below a certain radius then the radiation causes big light power loss. The Corning SMF-28e which is a single-mode fiber should not be bent in a radius less than 3 inches. The pfg optics applies an layer of optical thin film coatings on the precision optical products which works as a protective layer and prevents any cause to their functioning.
50um graded-index multimode fiber, such as the Corning Infinicor 600, should not bend below a 1.5-inch radius. 62.5um graded-index multimode fiber, such as the Corning Infinicor 300, should bend below a 1-inch radius.
Micro bending loss: Microbendings are the bends of small-scale in the cladding-core interface. These are localized twists that may develop during the deployment of fiber, or may be caused by local mechanical stresses placed on the fiber, such as the stress induced by cabling the fiber or wrapping the fiber on a spool or bobbin.
Micro bending can also happen during the fiber manufacturing process. It is a sharp but subtle curvature that produces a local axial displacement of a few microns (um) and a spatial wavelength displacement of a few millimeters.
Microbends can lead to up to 1 to 2 dB/km losses in the fiber cabling process. Because external forces penetrate through the polymer coating material and then transmit to the glass fiber, the coating material dimensions, and properties, as well as external factors, such as humidity and temperature which affect the micro bending sensitivity of a fiber.
Interface asymmetries can convert higher-order modes into lossy modes that extend into the cladding where they are removed by jacket loss. Impurities that are trapped at the cladding-core interface or impurities in the fiber buffering can lead to these inhomogeneities. Single-mode fibers are more vulnerable to damage caused by geometric irregularities or defects in the jacket material.


Secure authentication without real-time internet access
Encrypted data strings can be delivered as QR codes, RFID or NFC tags, and authenticated without real-time internet access. All encryption methodologies—regardless of how they are delivered—require a decryption key to verify authenticity.
Traditional decryption keys must be kept hidden to protect against counterfeiters accessing and understanding the encryption methodology so that they might generate additional “genuine” codes. Because of this risk, traditional decryption keys are not stored on local devices—instead, they are kept hidden and require real-time internet or database access to decrypt the barcode and verify authenticity. To address this issue, Microtrace developed a new type of encryption data string which allows for secure QR codes, and RFID or NFC tags to be authenticated without real-time internet or database connectivity.
Sophisticated and secure methodology
Microtrace’s encryption modeling is done using sophisticated, technology so that decryption keys (AI models) can be preloaded on scanning devices and visible to counterfeiters without compromising security.
- AI decryption models can be stored on local device
- Instant field validation without internet access is possible (compared to traditional encryption methodologies, which require several seconds to reference a remote database)
- AI models have low memory requirements—you can decrypt millions of anti-counterfeit data strings without filling up storage space on a smart phone or OEM scanning device
Unlike traditional encryption keys, the Microtrace system uses patent-pending Alerion™ Classification, in which, if a counterfeiter is able to access the artificial-intelligence model, cannot discern the encryption methodology, and cannot gain information on how to make additional “genuine” barcodes or tags.
Peak performance with multiple technologies
When Microtrace’s encrypted data strings are paired with Spectral TaggantTM, using the Summit Authentication PlatformTM, you get the most secure anti-counterfeit system possible. A taggant signature features unique chemistries that are difficult to understand, analyze or replicate creating a two-part key authentication, or secure product fingerprint.


J.-C. Chiao received his B.S. degree in the Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University;M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering at California Institute of Technology. He was a Research Scientist in the Optical Networking Systems and Testbeds Group at Bell Communications Research and Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering at University of Hawaii, Manoa. Dr. Chiao was a Product Line Manager and Senior Technology Advisor at Chorum Technologies before he joined the University of Texas at Arlington in 2002. Currently, he is Janet and Mike Greene endowed Professor and Jenkins Garrett Professor of Electrical Engineering. Dr. Chiao has been general chair for several international conferences including IEEE IMBioC18. He served as Chair in the IEEE MTT-S Technical Committee 10 Biological Effect and Medical Applications of RF and Microwave and Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. Dr. Chiao was the recipient of Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company Excellence in Engineering Teaching Award; Tech Titans Technology Innovator Award;Research in Medicine award in the Heroes of Healthcare; IEEE Region 5 Outstanding Engineering Educator award; IEEE MTT Distinguished Microwave Lecturer; IEEE Sensors Council Distinguished Lecturer; 2017 SPIE Fellow;and 2011 O’Donnell Award in Engineering by The Academy of Medicine, Engineering and Science of Texas.


4KPRIMETV is an online streaming subscription service provider. We supply stable streaming to various countries. Our network engineers ensure high-quality digital media streaming to our customers. Our experience and high technical expertise enables us to popular stream live TV worldwide through any AVOV, Infomir (MAG), Kodi, and Android devices.
Our company provides subscription services straight to your set-top box device through the internet. This includes AVOV, Infomir (MAG), Kodi, and Android devices. We provide our customers with direct exclusive access to 10000+ standard and HD channels, ranging from sports, movies, and popular TV shows. Stream your favorite channels straight from your home.


The use of smart phones is becoming inevitable as it is not only a traditional means of communication but also a means of communication between users of different categories, whether in the study Or work and others because smart phones contain many important applications for users.
But there is always a downside to the users of these phones, the battery and how long the day-to-day tasks of users on smart phones can be completed before they are recharged, as the best battery-powered phones barely provide nine hours of daily work.
But in the face of addiction to social networking sites, especially Facebook and Snab Chat and Extragam these phones hardly bear the continuity in the performance of the battery so there must be certain ways to increase the length of battery life, which we will summarize through the following points:
Some recent studies indicate that many users rarely close their various phone networks such as Bluetooth, GPS and data packets at times when they do not really need them, and as these devices are known to cause significant energy consumption, The battery is noticeable, so it is best to turn on communication devices such as Bluetooth and GPS networks when needed and close them if the work is completed.
We always focus on most articles about battery consumption and its impact on social networking applications, especially the Facebook application, which consumes more than 73% in the background, and can rely on Facebook and enjoy all its advantages through the browser, so strongly recommend trying to minimize the use of communication applications and replace Via the browser or applications offering the same experience but with low performance such as Facebook Lite or Twitter Lite.
Before the process of reducing the lighting of the device is one of the reasons that increase the life of the battery you should know that this is for your safety in the first instance, where many doctors pointed out that the high levels of light in the smart phones caused many of the problems of visual users.
To increase battery efficiency, we recommend that you reduce the intensity or use the automatic mode of the device so that the device will be able to control the lighting of the phone and increase and reduce automatically.
In modern Android versions such as Android Marshmallow and Android Noga, Google has taken a lot of interest in improving the battery. It has improved the power saving options of the battery through normal mode and advanced mode that allows the user to use the device for more than 15 hours.
These are some of the points that enable you to help increase the battery life and we will between the time and the other touch some other advantages that help the user in reducing energy consumption.


ISPs have warned netizens of possible slow internet in the Philippines following an under sea cable damage. The cable damages were caused by the typhoon that hit Hong Kong in August. PLDT Inc. and Converge ICT Solutions Inc, have warned their subscribers to expect lower speeds.
In a statement, PLDT said:
Due to the recent strong typhoon in Hong Kong, multiple international undersea cable links to the city were cut, causing slowdowns of internet connections to web and social media sites hosted there. This has affected the services of internet service providers (ISPs) of various Southeast Asian countries, including the Philippines.
Converge ICT Solutions on the other hand said at least three undersea cables connecting the Philippines to Hong Kong were cut last Aug. 27, 2017.
“Three of our international submarine cables were affected by this incident. It is estimated that it will take four to six weeks to repair all the damaged cables,” it said in a social media post.
The companies have already started repair works and taken measures to increase its subscriber experience.
Converge ICT Solutions noted, “We have already added 10 Gbps of bandwidth since last week. Earlier this morning, an additional link of the same capacity has been activated. With this, you can expect significant improvements in your internet connection. By next week, we are expecting to activate another 10 Gbps of capacity so that your service will finally return to normal.”
Both companies remain optimistic that the repair will be completed within 3 – 6 weeks.
Slow Internet in the Philippines, really?
This shouldn’t surprise a filipino. The country has had a bad reputation for poor internet speeds compared to other countries in the region. The country was ranked 100th by Akamai in its Q1 2017 State of the Internet report. With an average speed of 5.5 Mbps, Philippines seems to be a long way from other APAC countries. South Korea ranked 1st from the region has an average internet speed of 28.6 Mbps.
However, the good news is the country has seen a 20% increase in the speed as per Akamai. The company reported the average internet speed of Philippines as 4.6 Mbps in its Q4 2016 report.
What it means for You, the Gamer and other netizens?
Well, don’t be surprised if you experience lower internet speed or quality in the coming weeks. And expect better speeds in the future. Globe recently announced a sea cable link to connect the Philippines directly to United States. Now that’s something we can look forward to. Isn’t it?


User’s Guide for U-485 USB/RS485 converter
U-485 is USB to RS485 converter to realize communication conversion from USB to RS485. The power supply of the product is from the USB port, and no external power. Use the unique zero-delay automatic sending and receiving conversion technique and baud rate adaptive technique. Plug-and-play, suit for all software, and a transceiver enable control. And in the high resistance state when not sending data. Support multi-point communication, which is different from other similar cheap products in market. There is a built-in anti-static anti-lightning circuit in the product. This product for micro-design, size is as the same with the flash, anti-static and anti-lightning circuit was built-in, uniquely with sending/receiving indicator lights. Features and technological index: 1, applies to all USB ports on PC. Support U-485 operating system: Win98/2K/XP、MAC OS-9/X、Linux 2.40 and above 2, USB port-powered, no external power, the current <50 mA 3, output for the second-line Connection-half-duplex RS485 interfaces 4, use the shielded twisted pair whose sectional area is over 0.5 mm2 as communication lines 5, the largest communications distance is 3,000 meters (4800 bps), 2000 m (9600 bps) and 1000m(115.2Kbps). 6, Group website is at least 32 points. For the most points of the group website site is depend on the input impedance of RS485. 7, communications rate of 300 bps ~ 1Mbps, standard baud rate adaptive 8, support for UART data format: data bits: 7-8, stop bit: 1, 2, check-bit: odd / even / no parity 9, a transient voltage suppression, RS485/422 port can withstand the transient over-voltage whose power is up to 600 W and electrostatic discharge and lighting strikes impact 10, the working temperature: -20 ~ 70 ℃ 11, Dimensions: 65×22×12 Products’ shape and definition of video signals: The shape and size of the U-485 are similar to Flash. The shell is transparent plexiglass. The circuit board installed two light-emitting diode as sending/receiving indicator lights. RS485 port is the blocks, as shown below:
U-485G driver installation method: The driver of U-485G interface converters is easy to install. plug the converter into USB interface, the system will prompt the discovery of new hardware, according to dialog , Add a CD-ROM to drive, then finish the setup with tips on the next step. After the installation is complete, in the Windows "start menu \ Settings \ Control Panel \ system \ hardware \ Device Manager" .the property and other information of the new COM ports will display on the screen. This new COM port is the COM port which U-485G is mapped to computer, just select the port in communications software when you need. For detail of the installation, please refer to "USB to COM driver installation instructions" on the CD-ROM included in the product. The application of products: U-485 can be used for point-to-point communications and multi-point communications. Except for linking several other RS485 interfaces, it can also make as many as 32 USB interfaces compose of RS485 communication network, its communication range is up to 3km（4800bps）、2km（9600bps）. The addresses of each nodes are determined by the internal procedures of the equipment. Please connect the shield to the "FG" terminal of products when using shielded twisted pair.
Note: 1, Shielded twisted pair with. above 0.5 mm2 cross-sectional area and 120-ohm impedance should be used as the communication lines, 2, In order to prevent the common mode voltage of RS485 interface beyond the permitted range witch would impact the reliability of communication or even damage interfaces, you can use a low resistance wire whose cross-sectional area is 1 mm2 to connect the signal ground "SG" of each RS485 to remove the earth potential difference of each node on the network.. 3, if you use unshielded twisted pair, will need connect all the shielding terminal FG (the chassis) of RS485 interfaces with the shield of twisted pair, and the bus will be the last point to shield of earth. 4, the cable length from each RS485 to the bus (extension) is no more than 15 m, otherwise will cause echoes and affect the normal communication of system. Best scheme is to parallel connect RS485 directly to the RS485 bus. 5, For the setting of terminal resistance, the role of terminal resistance is to eliminate the waveform distortion caused by the reflection of signal in the communication lines. Please turn the termination resistor setting switch K2 witch is on the RS485 of the communication line’s terminal and initiating terminal to "R" (connect 120 ohm terminal resistance), the terminal resistance setting switch K2 of other RS485 to "OFF" (terminal resistance is unacceptable). 6, when the U-485 and other equipments’ RS485 communication interface are connected, please connect 120 Europe terminal Resistance and two 1 K pull-up and pull-down resistances in the receiving terminal of the final equipment’s RS485, as Shown below:
The 120 Ω resistances in the picture is terminal resistance. They are to prevent the signal reflection in the line. 1 K resistances are the level-pull-up resistor and level-pull-down resistor respectively. Its role is to ensure the line is logic "1" when the line is in leisure so that the data bits in cease - to prevent the reception error. 7 Annex: a CD-ROM drivers is with the product. 8, photoelectric isolation for converter of USB to RS485 to choose models: U-485G, for USB to a number of RS485 selected models: U-7485.


Feature: -No driver required. -Compatible port usb plug-and-play. -System: WINDOWS98/2000/ME/XP Linux & Mac OS -Control distance: up to 15m -Battery:2pcs AAA battery. -Wavelength: 650nm -Output power: < 5mw. -Measure:130*52*46mm(product).74*26*14mm(USB receiver) -Weight:60g,15g,285g(with package). -Advance radio frequency technology even work through wall. -Packing:gift box with carry bag.


Technology changes, or modifies, the natural world to meet human needs or solve problems. The goal of technology is to improve the way people live. Technology can be anything that makes life easier for humans. Fire was a breakthrough in technology that changed the human race for ever, fire provided light, cooking, and warmth. The telephone made it easier for people to communicate over long distances. Technology has changed greatly over the years.
Technology has become more compact and practical over the years. When computers were first created they were the size of a room, now they can fit in your pocket. Cars have gotten more efficient and faster. Technology in the military has also changed greatly, tanks were a big advantage on the battlefield, tanks have changed to go faster and have more armor instead of trading armor for speed. Radar made people able to detect planes from a distance without a direct line of sight, it also enabled people to “see” much farther than the human eye. Stealth technology made planes invisible to radar. Commercial travel has changed greatly. It has become safer, quicker, and more efficient. I think technology will continue to become more compact and more powerful. When I was born their was no smartphones, iPads or anything with touch screen. Now we have phones that are super thin and have the power to preform complex math equations.


ADSI Video Verification – The Revolutionery Security System
With the ever increasing levels of theft on remote and isolated sites ADSI Video Verification is the first fully wireless video verification solution on the market. No mains power connection or fixed broadband line is necessary as the system is battery powered and uses a wireless GPRS network to communicate to the monitoring station. A sophisticated motion sensor combined with a night vision camera & illuminators, the motion viewer detects & captures the intrusion on video. Monitoring personnel immediately see a 10 second video clip of the intrusion and can then notify the relevant authorities. The owners of the protected site also receive the 10 second video via email or to their mobile phone.ADSI Video Verification has many Applications including, Surface Drilling rigs, Electrical Sub-stations, Wind farms, Agriculture and Livestock facilities, Telecoms Towers, Fuel depots, and a host of various commercial and residential applications including office/retail property and private houses.


.net.ng Domain Name Registration
Enter your preferred domain below, without the .net.ng part.
.net.ng is a closed .ng domain extension intended for Nigerian Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Telecommunications companies and their network equipment and other infrastructure.
Manage advanced aspects of the domain including A, AAAA, MX, TXT and other DNS records – with ease.
Where necessary, you can choose to have traffic to your domain forwarded to another web address.
This optional feature allows the private contact details of the domain owner to be hidden from the public WHOIS record.
About .net.ng domain
To follow global best practices in network equipment configuration, .net.ng domains in infrastructure hostnames are the most ideal way to identify internet servers, routers, switches and other network equipment as being located in Nigeria.
Popular .net.ng domains include:
- cyberspace.net.ng – a Nigerian ISP
- nic.net.ng – the .ng registry, Nigeria Internet Registration Association
- ixp.net.ng – Internet Exchange Point of Nigeria


Sunwoo Lee and Donghyeok An
Applying a Deep Learning Enhanced Public Warning System to Deal with COVID-19
Abstract: In Korea, public warning systems are being actively used to provide COVID-19 information to people to avoid additional infections. The explosion of COVID-19 warning messages has caused redundant and unnecessary transmission of warning messages. This study propose an enhanced public warning system. First, a generation model based on deep learning is proposed for automatically generating the coordinates of the broadcast area. Second, the public warning system is modified to provide additional warning information to the users. Finally, a customization scheme for warning information is presented; therefore, the number of redundant and unnecessary warning messages decreases. The proposed generation model is evaluated by measuring the overshooting area and it is compared with the ground truth image. The output of the polygon generator and the circle generator show an image that is similar to the ground truth. The proposed public warning system was implemented, and a test scenario was conducted for the validation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed public warning system.
Keywords: Public warning system , COVID-19 , Deep learning , Emergency message , Broadcast area , Alert area
SINCE the emergence of COVID-19 in 2019, there have been many changes in our lifestyle. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, personal contact has been minimized, and noncontact communications has increased. For example, instead of face-to-face meetings, online meetings with video conferencing programs, such as Zoom, and Microsoft Teams, are being used. During face-to-face meetings, people should wear masks to prevent infection from COVID-19. In addition to non-face-to-face contact and wearing masks, the Korean government is actively using the public warning system (PWS) to quickly deliver information that is related to COVID-19. Fig. 1 shows the number of PWS warning messages per year . From 2014 to 2019, the number of warning messages gradually increased from 282 to 911. In 2020, the number of emergency messages increased to 54,734 due to COVID-19.
The PWS transmits text messages through mobile communication networks such as 3G, LTE, and 5G to inform smart de-
vice users about information for disasters such as COVID-19, typhoons, earthquakes, tsunamis . The operational sequence of the PWS is as follows. First, the government generates a text message for warning notifications and they determine the broadcast area for the warning message transmission. Mobile communication networks transmit the warning text message to all the base stations in the broadcast area. A base station retransmits the received message to all the smart devices. When a smart device receives the warning messages, it provides a warning message along with a sound and vibration.
During the initial stage of the spread of COVID-19, the text of the warning messages was a very effective way to deal with COVID-19. However, as COVID-19 continued, excessive warning messages that were delivered by the PWS caused several problems. First, overshooting occurs when the broadcast area is wider than the alert area . Fig. 2 shows an example of overshooting. As shown in the figure, some smart device users received redundant or unnecessary messages because of overshooting. Second, the PWS uses longitude and latitude to represent the broadcast area as polygon- or circle-based coordinates. The exact coordinate of the broadcast area requires a delay. However, coordinate generation should be automatically generated for rapid notification. Third, because the length of the emergency text message is limited, the summarized information about the disaster is delivered. Therefore, it is difficult to provide customized information to individual smart device users.
and 5G , , . Relay-based emergency communication systems have been proposed to rapidly construct communication systems , . The main objective of the previous studies is to reconstruct emergency communications. However, this study focuses on enhancing the PWS.
The investigation aims to increase the efficiency of emergency message transmission and improve the quality of service (QoS) that is experienced by the users. First, this study proposes a coordinate generation model by using deep learning to automatically generate the coordinate of the broadcast area with a minimized overshooting area in order to decrease the transmission delay and the number of unnecessary message transmissions. The proposed two-generation models generate polygonand circle-based broadcast areas. Second, the PWS is modified to provide additional warning messages to the users. Finally, an algorithm is proposed that customizes the warning messages for users and it removes duplicated warning messages that are received by smart device users.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section II presents the background and related work. Section III describes the proposed emergency communication system. Section IVprovides a discussion about how the proposed scheme was evaluated. Finally, Section V concludes the paper.
II. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK
The PWS that is standardized by a third-generation partnership program (3GPP) refers to a communication system that broadcasts meaningful information to mobile communication subscribers in one direction , . In Japan, the Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) has been used to provide evacuation information to reduce the damage from earthquakes or tsunamis . The ETWS broadcasts two types of messages: primary notifications for time-sensitive information and secondary notifications for additional information about earthquakes and tsunamis. The primary notification was delivered within 4 s. A commercial mobile alerting system (CMAS) has been proposed for warning message transmission in the USA . The CMAS supports three types of messages: a presidential alert, an imminent threat alert, and a child abduction emergency alert. In 2013, the federal communications commission (FCC) renamed the CMAS to wireless emergency alerts (WEA) .
The WEA broadcasts a warning message by using geofencing. Geo-fencing refers to the technology that is used to specify the virtual area or boundary , . In geo-fencingbased services, smart device users receive messages when they enter the broadcast area, which is a virtually defined geographical location. Overshooting and undershooting can occur due to the coverage of the broadcast and alert areas. As shown in Fig. 2, overshooting means that the broadcast area is broader than the alert area. If the alert area is wider than the broadcast area, undershooting occurs, as illustrated in Fig. 3. WEA exploits four different types of alert area information: a commercial mobile alert system (CMAS) geocode, a common alert protocol (CAP) geocode, a polygon, and a circle . The CMAS and CAP goecodes use a 5-bit or 6-bit code that represents a region . However, in the CMAS and CAP geocodes, the overshooting area increases because all the regions, including a part of the alert area, are included in the broadcast area for warning message transmission. To decrease the overshooting area, a polygon- or circle-based broadcast area coordinate is used. The polygon-based broadcast area coordinate information consists of a number of points (pairs of longitude and latitude coordinates). The first point is the same as the last point. The circlebased broadcast area coordinate include the center point (pair of longitude and latitude) and radius.
The PWS uses a cell broadcast system (CBS) to transmit the warning messages . CBS technology broadcasts warning messages without acknowledgement by using geo-fencing . Fig. 4 demonstrates the delivery process of the warning messages in the PWS. The cell broadcast entity (CBE) generates a warning message and transmits the emergency broadcast request, which include the warning message to cell broadcast center (CBC). The CBC identifies the mobility management entities (MMEs) that are based on the geo-fencing information and it transmits write-replace warning requests to the corresponding MMEs. For the acknowledgement, the write-replace warning confirms the message and emergency broadcast response mes
sage. These are transmitted from the MME to the CBC and from the CBC to the CBE, respectively. Then, the MME forwards the write-replace warning request message to all the eNodeBs, which includes at least a partial warning area. The eNodeB broadcasts a warning message to all the user equipments (UE) in its own cell. When a device receives a warning message, it informs the user about the type and content of the warning message. After the eNodeB broadcasts a warning message to the UE, it sends a write-replace warning response to the MME. If MME sets the write-replace warning indication option, the MME sends a write-replace warning indication to the CBC. The MME uses the received write-replace warning response to check whether a warning message transmission succeeds. Then, the MME records the transmission history of the warning message for the operation and management system.
Fig. 5 shows the format of the warning message. The warning message consists of nine fields , , . The message identifier is used for the message priority and duplication. The default field value ranges from 4,370 to 4,379. If an additional language is used, a decimal value from 4,383 to 4,392 is used. As described in Fig. 5, the serial number field consists of three fields: the geographical scope (GS), message coding, and update number. The two bits are GS bits and they define the transmission range of the warning message: an immediate cell width, a normal PLMN width, a normal tracking area width, and a normal cell width. The message code with 10 bits represents an alert and pop-up option for the warning messages. Two bits are used for emergency user alerts and popups, and the values of the two options are presented in Table. 1. In the message code, the eight bits are unused. The 4-bit update number refers to the version of the warning message. The initial value of the update number is zero, and the value increases by one whenever the warning message is updated or newly generated. The message identifier field and update number field were used to identify the duplication of a warning message. The repetitionperiod field is the transmission interval of the warning message. The no-of-broadcasts-requested field indicates the number of repeated transmissions. The data coding scheme field refers to a message-encoding scheme such as UCS2 in Korea. The warning area coordinates field includes a set of coordinates that consist of a latitude and longitude to present the alert area information that is based on a polygon or circle. The format of the polygonor circle-based alert area information is shown in Fig. 5. The warning message content field contains the content of the warning messages, which includes infectious diseases and disasters, and the maximum content size is up to 315 bytes.
Several studies have been conducted on ememengecy communication systems. In , an LTE-based emergency communication system was proposed for a power system. To achieve rapid deployment, reliability, and stability, which is similar to ad hoc networks, LTE micro-base stations constitute their own networks by themselves. In  and , the emergency communication systems for public protection and disaster relief were proposed. In , the architecture design of an emergency communication system that is based on a software-defined radio (SDR) was proposed. The system was implemented and validated for various emergency scenarios. In , an emergency communication system exploits 5G technology and satellites in order to respond to large-scale dissters such as earthquakes and fires. Three types of architectures were proposed and a testbed was implemented for validation. In , the architectures were proposed for a software-defined network layer, UAV cloudlet layer, and a radio access network layer to improve the performance of the public safety LTE (PS-LTE). In , a relay-based communication system was proposed to rapidly deploy an emergency communication system. The previous studies in the literature have focused on developing temporal and rapid emergency communication systems. However, this study is focused on the PWS.
III. Enhanced Public Warning System
This section describes the enhanced PWS. First, this section discusses the generative adversarial network (GAN) that can generate polygon- or circle-based coordinates for broadcast areas that deliver warning messages. Second, this section proposes a warning message delivery scheme to provide additional information to smart device users. Finally, this section discusses a scheme for providing customized warning information. A smart device can identify duplicate warning messages and it displays only the usable information that is based on the user’s location.
A. Coordination generation model based on the GAN
This subsection discusses the coordinate generation model that is based on GAN. As shown in Fig. 4, after receiving an emergency broadcast request, the CBC determines the broadcast area for the warning message delivery. To minimize the gap between the alert and broadcast areas, the PWS uses the polygonor circle-based coordinates of the broadcast area. For an automatic coordinate generation model that is based on a polygon or circle, this study cropped a number of images for an alert area from a geographic information system (GIS) . This investigation collected 4,765 images of administrative districts in Korea from the GIS sites. Then, the GAN in  was used to automatically generate the coordinate information for the broadcast area of the alert area. In GAN, U-Net and PatchGAN are exploited for the generator and discriminator, respectively. To learn the least convex polygon generation model, this study generated a polygon image that includes the alert area that is labeled as image data. For the circle generate model, this study used a circle image, which includes the alert area. In this study, 2,992 images were used in order to learn the least convex polygon generation model and 768 images were used to learn the circle generation model. For the validation, 748 and 192 images were used for the least convex polygon generation model and the circle generation model, respectively. The parameters are listed in Table. 2.
Fig. 6 shows the generation process of the coordination infor
mation. During the first step, the image of the target alert area was cropped. Second, the cropped image was provided as the generator input, and the least convex polygon generator (or circle generator) results in a polygonal (or circular) image, which includes the target alert area. Finally, the polygonal (or circular) image was converted into coordinate information.
B. Warning message delivery system modification
The proposed PWS provides additional warning information, such as public COVID-19 clinics and shelter for natural disasters. Fig. 7 depicts the sequence of the message delivery in the PWS. After receiving an emergency broadcast response, the CBE generates and transmits shelter broadcast requests. The
CBE reuses the warning message information in the emergency broadcast requests to decrease the delay for the shelter broadcast request generation. The CBC forwards the received shelter broadcast request to the MMEs that already received the writereplace warning request. For the acknowledgement, the MME sends shelter broadcast confirmation to the CBC, and the CBC transmits the shelter-broadcast response to the CBE. During the cell broadcast delivery from eNodeB to UE, the shelter broadcast request, shelter broadcast confirmation, and shelter broadcast response are exchanged, and the delay for additional information delivery decreases. After transmitting the write-replace warning indication to the CBC, the MME sends a shelter broadcast request to the corresponding eNodeBs. An eNodeB conducts a shelter broadcast delivery to all the UEs. In the shelter broadcast delivery, because each eNodeB provides additional information such as shelter information based on the location and communication coverage of eNodeB, each eNodeB transmits different shelter information. Then, the UE displays the additionally received warning message on the screen.
This study modified the warning message format to provide additional warning information, as shown in Fig. 8. The contents of the second warning message depend on the location of the eNodeB. If a UE is located in an overlapping area, it receives several second warning messages from the different eNodeBs. Therefore, to identify the second warning message, this study defined eight unused bits in the message code as shelter identifiers. In the first warning message, the value of the shelter identifier field is zero because the shelter identifier is not used. In addition, this investigation defined the shelter list for the additional information that is on the second warning message. The shelter list contains up to three types of shelter information. The shelter information consists of the coordination fields (latitude and longitude of the shelter), the addresses for shelter, and the shelter names.
C. Customized information based on the user location
The proposed PWS provides customized information for a smart device user based on its location. Algorithm 1 describes the process of the warning message customization based on the location. When a smart device receives a warning message, it checks whether the smart device is located in a polygon or a circle coordinate-based broadcast area. If the device is in the broadcast area, it checks the duplication of the warning message by using the message identifier and update number. If the smart device receives the first warning message, it informs the user of the warning message content. When the smart device receives the warning message with the same message identifier and update number, it checks whether it is the second warning message based on the shelter identifier. If the second warning message with different shelter identifiers is transmitted, the shelter list is updated, and the timer starts to wait for the shelter information from the other eNodeBs. If the timer expires, the smart device informs the user of the location information of the three nearby shelters.
Fig. 9 shows an example of a customized warning message. As presented in the figure, a UE is located in an overlapped area of two eNodeBs and it connects to eNodeB 1. The UE receives two warning messages from eNodeB 1 and eNodeB 2. When the UE receives a warning message from eNodeB 1, a shelter list is created, and the list is sorted by the distance between the UE and the shelter. The sorted shelter list orders are c, b, and a. When the UE receives a warning message from eNodeB 2, the shelter list is updated, and the list order is d, c, b, a, e, and f. If the timer expires, the UE informs the user of the location of shelters d, c, and b.
The proposed PWS was evaluated by examining the performance of the polygon generation and the circle generation models. Afterwards, the proposed PWS was implemented in order to verify its feasibility and to evaluate its functionality.
A. Generation model
This subsection describes the performance evaluation of the polygon generation and circle generation models. First, the performance of the polygon-based coordinate generation model is discussed. Fig. 10 shows 10 images for the alert area, ground truth, and output that is generated by the generation model. To evaluate the similarity of the ground truth and output, this study measured the area of the alert region, ground truth, and output image by using OpenCV . In the results that are presented in Fig. 11, overshooting occurs in the ground truth and it generated an output image; however, the difference between the area of the
ground truth and the output image is negligible. Second, this subsection discusses the performance of the circle-generation model. Ten output images of the circle-generation model are presented in Fig. 12. This investigation then measured the overshooting area of the output image of the circle generation model and compared it with the overshooting area of the ground truth. In Fig. 13, results show that the areas of the output image and ground truth are similar.
Fig. 14 represents the average ratio of the overshooting area for the ground truth and the output image to the alert area. The x-axis and y-axis represent the type of warning that is coordinated and the average ratio of overshooting to the alert area, respectively. In the polygon coordinates, the average ratio of the ground truth and output is approximatedly 134 % and 137 %, respectively. In the circle-based coordinate, the average ratio of the ground truth and output to the alert area is 192 % and 222
%, respectively. this means that the area of the output image is approximately 13 % wider than the ground truth.
B. feasibility evaluation of the proposed PWS
This subsection validates the functionality and feasibility of the proposed PWS. For the validation, this study implemented five components in the PWS: CBE, CBC, MME, eNodeB, and UE. Node.js was used to implement the CBE . As depicted in Fig. 15, the web page of the CBE component generates a disaster event and a warning message. The CBC, MME, and eNodeB components were implemented by using Java, and the UE component was implemented as an Android application. The UDP is used for communication from CBE to eNodeB and from eNodeB to CBE, and the communication between eNodeB and UE uses TCP.
The following describes the evaluation that was performed. As shown in Fig. 16, it was assumed that an earthquake occurs at a point with a latitude value of 35.200353 and a longitude value of 128.571038. A warning message is transmitted within a 10 km radius around the epicenter. Because eNodeB 1 and eNodeB 2 are located in the broadcast area of the warning message, they send warning messages to four UEs. As mentioned above, when a UE receives a warning message, it checks whether the UE is located within the broadcast area based on the broadcast area and its location. In this scenario, because UEs 2 and 3 are located in the alert area, they inform the user of the alarm. UEs 1 and 4 also receive the warning message but they do not notify the warning message because they exist outside the alert area. Fig. 17 illustrates an alarm example of a warning message.
An enhanced PWS is proposed in this investigation. To automatically generate the coordinates of the broadcast area for the warning messages, the least convex polygon generation model and circle generation model were proposed by using a GAN. For the warning message customization, this study provides additional warning message information, such as clinics and shel-
ters. To achieve this, an enhanced warning message delivery system is proposed along with a customized alarm algorithm. The proposed generation models were evaluated based on the overshooting area measurements. For the enhanced warning message delivery and a customized alarm system, the proposed system was implemented on a desktop and an Android device, and a test scenario was conducted.
Sunwoo Lee received his B.S degree in department of computer engineering from Changwon National University, Changwon. South Korea, in 2020. He is currently a M.S student in department of computer engineering from Changwon National University. His research intersts include time sensitive networking and quic protocol.
Donghyeok An received the B.S. degree in computer science from Handong University, Pohang, South Korea, in 2006, and the Pd. D. degree in Computer Science from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in 2013. He was a post doctor and a visiting professor at Sungkyunkwan University from 2013 to 2014. He was a senior engineer at Samsung Electronics from 2014 to 2015 and an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea from 2015 to 2017. He is currently an associate professor in Department of Computer Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea. His research interests include low latency protocol, 5G core architecture, Time Sensitive Networks (TSN) and machine learning in networks.


Jobs in Fiber Network Company:
Jobs in Fiber Network Company. Naya Tel is a well-known company of networking working to spread its network all over Pakistan. For the purpose of spreading its network all over Pakistan, it needs staff for different positions. The position includes high responsibilities for which the institute needs a professional and dynamic person for the smooth running network. See details of the job below.
- Executive Finance (HR & Admin / Sales)
- Associate Engineer
- Labour / Cable Puller
- Field Supervisor
- Patrolling Guard
- Security Guard
How to apply:
- The interested candidates need to send their CV to the address given below before the 25th of April 2022.
- For more jobs visit: https://ejobsboard.com/jobs
HR Department, Naya Tel E-73, GD Arcade, Fazal-e-Haq Road, Blue Area, Islamabad. Job source newspaper: https://www.express.com.pk/epaper/PoPupwindow.aspx?newsID=1109183618&Issue=NP_LHE&Date=20220417


PowerMic Mobile is an application designed for use with Apple iPhone and Android smartphones. PowerMic Mobile enables providers the ability to dictate from anywhere at any time, provided they have an existing DMO (Dragon Medical One) account.
PowerMic Mobile gives users the freedom and flexibility to work untethered from an office computer while using an available cellular or WiFi connection.
Mobile Device System Requirements
- Minimum version of the iOS 9.3.5 operating system
- Minimum Android operating system version of 6.0
- While any device with the minimum requirements specified above can support PowerMic Mobile, more recent devices lead to better overall application performance.
- Ability to download and install applications on the mobile device via the Apple App and Google Play Stores.
This will automatically configure your device to connect to the Froedtert instance of PowerMic Mobile. You must be on the mobile device you wish to activate when you select the configuration button.
- Install PowerMic Mobile on the Mobile Device.
Download PowerMic Mobile directly from the App or Play Store by searching “PowerMic Mobile”.
- Configure PowerMic Mobile for the Froedtert Environment.
- Finalize application configuration.
Accept the End User License Agreement and accept the “allow microphone access” on the phone if prompted.
- Reference supplemental documentation.
Additional Instructions and Troubleshooting Tips
Dragon PMM (PowerMic Mobile) Job Aid
- Review common questions.
Dragon PMM (PowerMic Mobile) FAQ
If you require assistance, please contact the IS Help Desk at 414-805-2101 or [email protected]. By downloading and configuring this application on your device, you agree to the terms and conditions set forth in the FH-IT.027 Mobile Device Security policy (requires access to Scout).


EpiGaN manufactures GaN-on-Si and GaN-on-SiC epitaxial wafer materials and supplies these to integrated device manufacturers to create high performance power and RF devices.
Due to its unique characteristics (high maximum current, high breakdown voltage, and high switching frequency), Gallium Nitride (or GaN) is the unique material of choice to solve energy problems of the future. GaN based systems have higher power efficiency, thus reducing power losses, switch at higher frequency, thus reducing size and weight.
GaN technology is used in numerous high-power applications such as industrial, consumer and server power supplies, solar, AC drive and UPS inverters, and hybrid and electric cars. Furthermore, GaN is ideally suited for RF applications such as cellular base stations, radars and cable TV infrastructure in the networking, aerospace and defense sectors, thanks to its high breakdown strength, low noise figure and high linearity.
More info? Read our privacy statement and cookie statement.


AIT provides ARINC 664 and Ethernet Test and Simulation solutions supporting both the conventional 10/100 Mbit/s ARINC 664 Part 7 Ethernet interfaces as well as the next generation 1 Gbit/s Ethernet interface. With modules for PCI, PCI Express, Compact PCI, PXI, PMC, and XMC, AIT's ARINC 664 products support the widest range of existing and emerging ARINC 664 and Ethernet test and Simulation application requirements.
The ARINC 664 test instruments can be used in test and simulation applications that are required to transmit and receive data over the ARINC 664 avionics databus. The instruments use two soft-form pluggables (SFP) and support copper or fiber optic physical network interfaces.
Using an FPGA based architecture, with multiple embedded processors, the ARINC 664 instruments provide on-board support for upper layer protocol processing (A653, UDP, IP) and utilize DMA to provide optimal data throughput. All ARINC 664 protocol operations, inlcuding VL traffic shaping, redundancy management, and IP fragmentation and reassembly, are handled on-board.
All of the ARINC 664 instruments are delivered with full software support, inlcuding device drivers and high level API's for Windows, Linux, VxWorks, and LabVIEW Real-Time (others provided on request). Additionally, complex End System configurations are made simple iwth AIT's intuitive and easy to use ARINC 664 ES XML based configuration tools.


The 5G Virtual Conference is an online multi-track conference initiated by hub:raum—Deutsche Telekom’s tech incubator. During the conference, 20 expert speakers—including Dr. Alexander Lautz, Senior VP of 5G at Deutsche Telekom—will share the latest trends in the 5G industry, as well as potential use-cases of 5G technology in different industries such as AR/VR, robotics, smart mobilities, gaming, and entertainment. This is a prime opportunity to broaden professional networks and schedule 1-to-1 chats with 5G industry experts.
2 tracks, 20 speakers, 300+ attendees from around the globe, 5G industry trends—all in one day.
Check out the tracks, speakers, and register at 5Gvirtualconference.bemyapp.com


Connect Bluetooth in Kindle
You all may be very familiar with the name Bluetooth. We all know Bluetooth is a very popular device, which is being used for a long time to share data from one device to another. However, its drawback is that we cannot share data to a large distance. Moreover, even if we try to share a large amount of data, then it is tough as it takes lots of time.
One of the most used features of Bluetooth now days is that you can connect any of your devices with other wireless devices which support Bluetooth technology, like- keyboards, mice, headphones, speakers, etc. Before you connect your Kindle tablet with any of the Bluetooth accessories, always make sure that accessory is within the range of Bluetooth. Moreover, please check whether it is compatible with your Kindle tablet or not.
Also Read: 5 Must Known Features of Kindle
Easy steps to connect to Bluetooth
- Swipe down from the top of the screen to get Notification bar. At notification bar tap on More present on top right corner.
- Under Settings tap on Wireless
- Under wireless page, Bluetooth is available to activate it. Tap the switch next to the Bluetooth. This will set your Kindle to be visible for 2 minutes so that you can pair with another device.
If you do not find the device within 2 minutes, you can re-tap to extend the visibility of your device.
- You need to ensure that your Bluetooth accessory is turned on and is ready to pair.
- Proceed further by tapping on Pair a Bluetooth Device A list of all the available devices appears there.
- Out of all the available accessories, tap on the accessory with which you want to pair your Kindle. Moreover, now follow the additional pairing instructions if needed.
Note: – some of the devices like- Bluetooth microphones and microphones enabled headsets devices available nowadays in the market. They may be compatible with your tablets but are not supported by Kindle.
Tips When Connecting Bluetooth in Kindle
- When your Bluetooth is paired with the other accessory, it will look like this. Moreover, it will appear next to the wireless indicator present at the top right corner of the screen.
- If your device is not paired with any of the Bluetooth accessories then the Bluetooth indicator will look like this in the upper-right corner of the screen.
Go through this Article: Kindle Battery is Not Charging