I’ve been working on increasing our household resilience for some time, but since the January bushfires I’ve particularly been thinking more about internet access during a prolonged power outage.
Ballarat is fortunate enough to be one of the first places in Australia to get NBN (our National Broadband Network), back before it was an utter joke, and most of Ballarat also has even faster cable internet available (which is what we have.)
My understanding (and please correct me if I’m wrong) is that FTTP NBN or cable internet will stay connected during power outages, as long as your devices at home (including your router) have power. Most fibre internet is delivered underground, and with no chance of the cables coming down it isn’t very susceptible to fires or windstorms.
But what about power at home? My house, which I rent, is grid-powered and as a renter I can’t really access the kind of power that stays on through a power outage, such as off-grid solar, grid-connected solar with battery, or a generator. My emergency kit contains options for light and cooking without electricity, and even a little hand cranked radio, but what would I do for Internet access?
Small-scale solar for Internet devices
The first thing I did was make sure I could keep my mobile devices charged. I acquired a portable 25W solar USB charger, which has two USB ports and enough capacity to charge phones for daily use. That’s a good start, and will be fine if my mobile data is available. But what about my usual home internet connection, the 200MB cable that (in theory) should stay connected through most disasters?
To be able to connect through my home internet connection, I need the cable modem/router to be powered. In addition to this, I have a small home server (a FreedomBox) which I recently purchased and want to use for further increasing our technical resilience (see below).
Kris de Decker at Low Tech Magazine runs a version of his website entirely on a small solar setup. An article at the Homebrew Server Club describes the hardware and software setup with particular attention to his web server configuration, including the image dithering plugin he uses to reduce download bandwidth, and the scripts he uses to present his battery level via CSS right on the screen. The server he uses is based on the same hardware as my FreedomBox, though I’ve got the pre-built kit with FreedomBox preinstalled, whereas he started from scratch.
Cale Mooth at Midnight Cheese describes his own solar powered cable modem and router setup with more specificity about the hardware. I’m not a hardware person at all, but his blog post gave me enough information to understand how to put something workable together.
The vital parts are:
- Solar panel (Cale uses 100W; 200W or greater panels are readily available for a couple of hundred bucks on eBay at present)
- Power regulator (something like this seems suitable, and also comes with USB charging points)
- A marine battery
Even though I’m renting, I could mount the solar panel just above my bedroom window, and run the cables through a small hole in the window frame, easily repaired if/when I move out.
Cale uses an inverter to convert the battery’s 12V DC to AC so he can use his devices’ existing power plugs. However, it should also be possible to convert the 12V to the 5V my devices need without going to AC and back again.
My back-of-envelope calculations are that the battery should be able to run my devices for 2-3 days on a full charge. In especially bad weather (skies black from smoke, for instance) I could switch it off overnight if needed to extend the life.
The overall cost of this looks like being around $500 (purchasing the components new), and I plan to set it up over the next few months.
Providing connectivity for guests and neighbours
My cable modem/router offers a guest network, which is usually switched off, but in a crisis I could open up for neighbours to use. Anyone in range would be able to see the open access point, named with a URL that would point them to a webpage on my FreedomBox explaining what I’m offering.
The webpage served from my FreedomBox has useful local information, including some pages accessible only to those on the local network. This page has more personal and specifically local information, including my physical address. In the regional city I live in, I don’t have any privacy concerns about that — most of my neighbours know me already.
Longer term, I’d love to see if I can find other local residents interested in community mesh networking, and maybe set up other homes or businesses around the neighbourhood with similar solar kits. This could extend the range of our off-grid Internet access beyond just my own wifi range.
Communicating when the Internet is patchy
One more thing I want to enable is good ways for people to communicate without using centralised, corporate services such as Facebook. Depending on the sort of crisis, upstream services might be unavailable, or people might not trust them. Fake news and conspiracies tend to flood those services during emergencies, and being glued to them can be terrible for mental health. A way of organising and communicating within the local community, even if we lose access to or don’t want to use the wider Internet, seems prudent under the circumstances.
I’m looking into various peer-to-peer tools for this. Scuttlebutt seems like one of the most promising. It was been designed by a guy who sailing solo, long distance, so it’s compatible by design with on-again/off-again internet. Users can’t connect directly to each other using an app on their devices, without going through a server. However, an optional server (called a “pub” in Scuttlebutt-speak) can be set up to make it easier to read other people’s updates without being physically near them. I could set one of these up on my FreedomBox, but the system wouldn’t rely on it.
I’m also looking at Ushahidi for mapping and sharing information in crisis situations. This is a heavier weight app and is usually used for higher-profile uses than neighbourhood mutual aid, but I do wonder if it’s possible to use it that purpose. I could imagine its use in tracking who needs or can offer help, where resources are available, and so forth.
My plans, in short, are:
- Solar powered cable router/modem
- Guest wifi network, possibly extending via community mesh in time
- FreedomBox offering information/resources and apps to support community resilience
I’m working on this from week to week and hoping to have it all in place in the next few months. I’d welcome any feedback on what I’ve outlined, as well as suggestions regarding any similar projects that might serve as inspiration.
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This paper investigates the impact of co-channel interferences (CCIs) caused by the external terminals over multiuser bi-directional amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying. The investigation considers multiuser pair and single bi-directional AF based relay and finite numbers of external interference terminals in the system model. Simultaneous transmission model, which is default mode, creates CCIs that is caused by the other user-pairs (internal terminals) in the system model. The opportunistic source-pair selection (OSPS) strategy achieves near-optimal solution for the internal CCIs challenge and also achieves diversity order in high SNR regimes. However, external terminals' CCIs are inevitable and degrades the system performance. The main aim of this paper is to clearly state the impacts of external CCIs both for simultaneous and OSPS methods. According to the simulation results, in the case that the external terminals' transmit powers are identical and non-identical to each other, and if the external terminals' transmit powers are proportional with SNR, this results on the degradation of the achievable diversity order from to 0 while also affecting the coding gain. The results also show that, when the external terminals have fixed transmit power values rather than proportional with SNR, in this circumstance, external terminals interference does not affect the achievable diversity order but it affects the system coding gain.The results also show that, when the number of external terminals which affect the user-pairs and relay terminals increase, for both identical and non-identical cases, the losses at the system coding gain exponentially decay. On the other hand, if the external terminals have non-identical transmit powers and if the relay terminal is interfered with more transmit power in comparison with what interferes with the user-pairs, this gives better performance values.


The Full Guide to Plane Mode
Anyone that has taken a trip within the last decade approximately will have likely listened to the flight attendants advise them to place their mobile phone on aircraft mode. Or they could have listened to someone advise that they place it into this setting in order to obtain one or more advantages to its PC board, battery life, or performance degrees. But without knowing what aircraft mode is and what it does to the phone, there is no chance of knowing when it is actually the best time to utilize this function.
Luckily, a person doesn't require to comprehend points like prototype setting up in order to comprehend plane mode. Rather, they simply need to review this handy guide on every little thing that a person might possibly wish to know concerning airplane mode.
The Basics of Plane Mode
Although plane setting can be discussed in very intricate ways that go to the smallest information of the microvia within the digital tool and exactly how they respond when in this setting, it is far more effective to offer a standard description of what this setting is.
Among one of the most vital things to realize about plane mode is that it is not always called that. In some cases it will likewise pass trip mode yet is the exact same point regardless of which of these names it passes.
This is something that exists for greater than simply smartphones. It is also mosting likely to exist on laptop computers, tablets, and numerous other portable electronic devices that commonly sends out and obtains cordless signals. As soon someone activates their aircraft mode function, it will quickly cut off any inbound or outbound wireless signal, that includes points like cellular, Bluetooth, WiFi, and also also GPS signals. For that reason, the phone or various other electronic device is basically no more a communication tool and also can not be utilized to aid engage with other people in the form of texting, calling, or instantaneous messaging them.
Not only does it not enable someone to send feedbacks however it additionally prevents them from even getting these forms of interaction in the first place. That is why it will certainly constantly state that somebody called or texted a private presently they turned aircraft setting off rather than the time that they in fact sent the kind of interaction.
What Can A person Do While on Plane Mode?
Now that we have actually gone over what plane mode is, it is time to review what the constraints of aircraft setting are. Having this knowledge will allow somebody to learn what it is that they can do while their gadget view gets on plane setting. While this attribute originally switches off all inbound and also outgoing signals, there are certain things that can be turned back on after airplane setting has actually been turned on.
It is not feasible to turn on a mobile information signal while in plane mode however the individual can still use various other signal attributes of their digital gadget. For instance, if somebody wishes to be able to use their WiFi while on airplane setting, after that they can do this rather just without needing to have a comprehensive understanding of Gerber Info or other complicated electronic device subjects. They simply need to enter and turn on the Wi-fi function without deactivating the aircraft mode.
The exact same thing puts on the Bluetooth function on the electronics gadgets as well. If somebody wishes to utilize their Bluetooth function, then they just need to enter and also turn it on, which is extremely handy for making use of wireless earphones while still being on aircraft setting.
Why It Is a Great Idea to Utilize Airplane Mode
One of the most typical reason that someone is likely to make use of airplane mode on their phone or various other mobile digital tools is that they are on an actual plane, hence the name of the function. Yet even with this scenario, the majority of people are not knowledgeable about why they are told to use airplane mode.
The large majority of smart device customers are under the impact that it is due to the fact that their smart device cell signals have the capacity to hinder an aircraft's navigational devices as well as other technology. However, as numerous researches have revealed, this just isn't true. It would certainly take something dramatically more effective than the typical mobile phone in order to have any type of visible impact on any one of the electronic tools on an aircraft. So if it isn't for the security of the airplane, then why does every airline inform the passengers to place their tools in aircraft mode during the trip?
This really concerns the reality that planes use cell towers on the ground to connect with traffic control, just like every other electronic device connects with other gadgets. Consequently, if everyone were to leave their phone on when flying in an aircraft, it would certainly create the network signals to all sound off of a solitary tower, a few of which might not have the ability to handle such a high quantity of traffic.
So as opposed to sounding off of hundreds or perhaps countless cell towers throughout the flight, it is a lot easier to have travelers trigger airplane mode and remove the risk of straining any one of these cell towers with way too many signals at the same time. This implies that the plane will not ever before have to fret about a signal from air traffic control being disrupted or altered as a result of a surge in network signals on a solitary network tower. Instead, the pilots will certainly be able to keep a clear line of communication with the landing crew the entire time.
However this isn't the only scenario when a person may want to utilize aircraft mode on their tool. It can likewise can be found in useful whenever a person is taking a trip in one more country where roaming costs might cost them a ton of money. They will certainly rather have the ability to keep their mobile phone on them and after that utilize it just on Wi-fi networks to stay clear of a substantial phone expense when they obtain home.
Airplane mode is likewise an extremely handy feature when a phone has a very reduced battery life remaining. With an absence of information signals being sent or gotten, the phone uses up significantly less of its battery per min.
Learn more about this smt pcb assembly today.


The Data Center of China Internet has recently released a report indicating that most broadband users in China find their internet speed is far slower than the advertised maximum speed given by internet service providers.
The report shows that most of China's broadband users have bandwidths of 2 and 4 mega bytes. Ninety one percent of the 4 mega bytes bandwidth users find that their internet speed is much lower than 400 kilo bytes; the average speed is merely 230 kilo bytes. Users with 2 mega bytes bandwidth are only getting half of that speed.
Internet service providers are not denying it. They have official speed ranges. We consulted one of the largest internet service providers, China Netcom's service line for 4 mega bytes bandwidth speed range.
"The minimum downloading speed limit is 320 kilo bytes per second. Only when it goes below that speed, should we send a maintenance man to your home to fix it. The speed is considered to be normal anywhere above that."
China Telecom has also publicized its 4 mega bytes bandwidth common-seen speed range as being between 307 kilo bytes and 512 kilo bytes on its website.
Xiang Ligang is chief executive officer of CCTIME.com, an information site of telecommunication industry. He says the advertised maximum speed is just a theoretical one.
"The advertised 4 mega bytes per second is hard to reach. There are many things that would slow it down, like internet servers, routers and switches, optical transceivers or cable modems."
Xiang Ligang says similar situations can be found in countries like Britain and America. However, the overall internet speed in China is still very slow by international standards. The China Information Technology Development Bluebook shows that the global average internet speed is 5.6 mega bytes per second; the speed is merely 1.8 in China and that makes China the 71st on a global internet speed rank.
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has urged China's internet service providers to upgrade their broad bandwidth to 20 mega bytes in urban areas and reduce internet fees by 2015.
Xiang Ligang says the focus should be making the speed faster.
"The most important thing is to bring about the transformation from ADSL to FTTH or Fiber To The Home technology. Individual fiber connections for each home will largely reduce transmission congestion, thus allowing for much faster speed."
Professor Lu Benfu from the Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences agrees. He says that the internet service providers should start the fiber installation work in time.
"Although the installation will cost them a huge amount of money, costs shouldn't be passed on to their users. It's government's responsibility to issue relevant preferential policies for service providers."
Professor Lu says only when the internet speed actually reaches 2 mega bytes per second can it really be qualified as broadband. He hopes this will happen by 2015. He adds that the internet should be a public service instead of some kind of resource in the future. Everyone should have equal rights to access information on the internet with low-priced broadband.
For CRI, I'm Wang Wei.


Cars older than 2006 MY with ONSTAR will not work after Jan 1 2008. Maybe they are starting early? Analog-to-Digital Transition
In November 2002, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ruled that cellular carriers would no longer be required to support the analog cellular network as of early 2008.
Currently, OnStar relies on the analog and digital cellular networks. OnStar wants to make you aware of the FCC ruling, and we want to assure you that, if you have an analog-only system, your OnStar system will continue to be functional until January 1, 2008.
Beginning January 1, 2008, however, OnStar services in the U.S. and Canada will be available only through equipment that operates on the digital network. OnStar subscribers with affected equipment will be contacted with additional information well in advance of January 1, 2008.
Please note: 2006-model-year vehicles and newer are not affected by this change. If you have an earlier model-year vehicle, click here for Frequently Asked Questions, including system limitations and details.


While most of us are waiting for updates on Nokia’s Windows Phone collection at Nokia World event in London, the Finnish tech company is slipping a unique device that could throw you for a loop.
Though still on its prototype stage, the Nokia Kinetic Flexible phone has piqued our interest as well as other tech pundits. The device might look like just an ordinary smartphone with pretty big OLED screen display but what makes this handset unique is that it’s flexible enough to be bent in several ways.
In fact, one has to bend it in order to navigate through its interface. Scroll photos and music by bending the device in opposite directions or bend it inward or outward if you want to control its zoom function or media playback. Nokia mentioned that in the future, the UI can be used to answer or end a call by squeezing or relaxing one’s grip on the handset.
The prototype is made by Nokia Kinetic Labs and reminds us of the Synaptics Fuse concept last year. However, the Nokia Kinetic concept differs itself from the Fuse by providing a bendable display instead of just using sensors. No word if the UI will be integrated to an actual consumer handset anytime soon, but Nokia pointed that its flexible UI could be placed on top of any current OS. Check out the demo video below.


Beijing Investment Video Culture Media Co., Ltd. is a Chinese Internet News Center (China Network) invested and controlled audio-visual program operating company. CIC has the State administration of radio and television issued by the “Information Network broadcast Audio-visual program license” Operation right, is the mobile communication network to the country’s mobile phone users to provide mobile phone video services, but also through the Internet in the country to the network users to provide video information services new media platform.
Cic video culture media co., LTD., established in Beijing in October 2007, by the Chinese Internet news center (China) investment and holding new media operating companies, is also the first batch of domestic culture media company engaged in mobile TV program.
CIC not only has the legal qualification for the dissemination of information network video programs, but also has a controllable powerful audio-visual content production company and advertising operations Company, and undertakes the communication function of Chinese network external propaganda content in the field of information network.
CIC relies on the strong resources of the Chinese network, focusing on the development of network video and mobile streaming media technology and platform, the provision of overall solutions and other related services and operations.


Essay on invention of telephone
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Is There Cell Phone Service on Mount Kilimanjaro?
Staying Connected on Kilimanjaro: Navigating Cell Phone Service at Africa’s Summit. Mount Kilimanjaro, the iconic peak standing tall in Tanzania, draws adventurers from around the world seeking to conquer its majestic slopes. As climbers prepare for this challenging ascent, questions arise about the availability of cell phone service on the mountain. In this article, we’ll explore the intricacies of staying connected on Mount Kilimanjaro, the challenges posed by the high-altitude environment, and answer frequently asked questions about cell phone service during the climb. Book your recommended Kilimanjaro hiking tour packages.
The Altitude Challenge
Mount Kilimanjaro’s towering height of 19,341 feet (5,895 meters) brings unique challenges, not only in terms of physical exertion but also in terms of communication. As climbers ascend the mountain, they enter varying ecological zones, each presenting its own set of conditions that can impact cell phone connectivity.
Cell Phone Service on Kilimanjaro
Cell phone service is available on Mount Kilimanjaro, primarily in areas where the terrain allows for signal transmission. The lower slopes, base camps, and some parts of the ascent may have network coverage. However, the reliability and strength of the signal can vary. Many first-timers wonder while Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro, Is There a Phone Signal On Kilimanjaro, or Is There Mobile Network Coverage On Mount Kilimanjaro, or Is There Cell Phone Service on Mount Kilimanjaro? The short answer is “Yes”. You may get a phone signal all the way through the summit
Tanzanian mobile service providers, such as Vodacom, Airtel, and Tigo, are the primary carriers with coverage in the region. Climbers using international carriers may connect to local networks if roaming agreements exist. A local SIM card will cost you about TSh 1,000. That’s only US$0.43 or €0.40 – so nothing at all! But data varies on what amount of GB you wish to buy.
As climbers ascend to higher altitudes, the availability and strength of cell phone signals may diminish. Factors such as the mountain’s topography, atmospheric conditions, and the presence of transmitting towers play a role in signal strength.
Frequently Asked Questions: Mobile Phones signal on Mount Kilimanjaro
There is cellphone – or mobile – signal on Kilimanjaro, but it’s spotty. Your guides are the best people to speak to when it comes to finding exactly the right spots for cellphone signal on the mountain.
Will I Have Cell Phone Signal Throughout the Climb?
Cell phone signal is more readily available at lower altitudes and base camps. As climbers ascend, the signal strength may decrease. At higher elevations, especially near the summit, signal reliability becomes more sporadic.
Which Mobile Service Providers Work Best on Kilimanjaro?
Tanzanian providers like Vodacom, Airtel, and Tigo have a presence on Kilimanjaro. Climbers are advised to check with their service providers regarding roaming agreements and compatibility in Tanzania.
Can I Use International Roaming on Kilimanjaro?
International roaming may be available depending on your home country and mobile carrier. However, it’s essential to check with your provider about roaming charges and coverage in Tanzania.
Are There Specific Zones with Better Cell Phone Coverage?
Base camps and lower elevations generally have better cell phone coverage. Climbers may experience weaker signals in remote and higher-altitude areas. It’s advisable to inform family and friends that communication may be limited during certain parts of the climb.
What Should I Do if I Lose Cell Phone Signal?
If you lose cell phone signal, remain patient and try adjusting your location. Moving to higher ground or an open area may improve reception. Additionally, waiting until you descend to lower elevations or designated communication spots may provide better connectivity.
Is There Wi-Fi Available on Kilimanjaro?
While some lodges and base camps may offer Wi-Fi, it’s not universally available throughout the climb. Climbers should not solely rely on Wi-Fi for communication and should be prepared for periods without internet access.
How Can I Stay Connected in Case of Emergency?
In case of emergencies, having alternative communication methods is crucial. Consider bringing a satellite phone or a personal locator beacon (PLB) for reliable communication when cell phone signal is unavailable.
Is there electricity on Kilimanjaro?
Similarly, there is no electricity on Kilimanjaro. There is nowhere to charge camera batteries or smart phones, so plan accordingly. Bring enough camera batteries to last the entire climb. A portable external battery pack is great for recharging phones.
The Importance of Communication
While the allure of disconnecting from the digital world and immersing oneself in the natural beauty of Kilimanjaro is appealing, communication remains vital for safety and coordination, especially in emergency situations. Climbers should inform their loved ones of potential communication challenges and have contingency plans in place.
Conclusion: Can You Get Phone Signal On Kilimanjaro?
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is a remarkable journey, and staying connected adds an important layer of safety and assurance. While cell phone service is available on the mountain, climbers should be prepared for varying signal strength, especially at higher altitudes. Understanding the limitations of communication on Kilimanjaro allows climbers to plan accordingly, ensuring a safe and memorable adventure on Africa’s highest peak.


When Apple’s Tim Cook unveils the iPhone 14 next week, there’s one killer feature he’s unlikely to talk up – the ability to send direct messages underwater.
That’s because it’s just been invented.
Researchers at Washington State University (specifically a school at the campus named after a Microsoft rival!) have created an app that can send messages without using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, both of which are pretty much useless underwater.
The software, AquaApp, works on existing devices such as the Samsung Galaxy S9s they tested it on.
“Smartphones rely on radio signals like WiFi and Bluetooth for wireless communication. Those don’t propagate well underwater, but acoustic signals do,” said research co-leader Tuochao Chen.
“With AquaApp, we demonstrate underwater messaging using the speaker and microphone widely available on smartphones and watches. Other than downloading an app to their phone, the only thing people will need is a waterproof phone case rated for the depth of their dive.”
The app comes with 240 built-in messages useful to divers, with the most common 20 just a tap away.
Because conditions underwater are constantly changing, the sending phone first sends a ‘preamble’ message to the recipient device, which runs an algorithm to determine the best settings to receive the message proper, tells the sending device, which then sends it.
Real-world tests showed AquaApp worked up to 30m for sending normal messages and 100m for critical SOS alarms, ” sufficient for most recreational and professional scenarios”.
“The state of underwater networking today is similar to ARPANET, the precursor of the internet, in the 1970s, where only a select few had access to the internet,” said Prof Shyam Gollakota.
“AquaApp has the potential to change that status quo by democratizing underwater technology and making it as easy as downloading software on your smartphone.”
Read more about it here.


Right here are the some most preferred creations of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, from the cotton gin to the video camera.
1. The Telephone
The telephone is an instrument that transforms voice and sound signals into electric impulses for transmission by wire to a different area, where one more telephone obtains the electrical impulses and also transforms them back right into recognizable sounds. In 1875, Alexander Graham Bell built the first telephone to transmit the human voice electrically.
2. The History of Computers
There are several significant turning points in the background of computers, starting with 1936 when Konrad Zuse developed the very first openly programmable computer system.
In 1884, Paul Nipkow sent photos over cables making use of a revolving steel disk modern technology with 18 lines of resolution. Television after that advanced along two courses– mechanical based on Nipkow’s turning disks, and also digital based on the cathode ray tube. American Charles Jenkins and also Scotsman John Baird followed the mechanical version while Philo Farnsworth, functioning individually in San Francisco, and Russian émigré Vladimir Zworkin, helping Westinghouse and later on RCA, progressed the digital model.
4. The Automobile
In 1769, the very first self-propelled road automobile was designed by French mechanic Nicolas Joseph Cugnot. Nevertheless, it was a steam-powered design. In 1885, Karl Benz designed and developed the globe’s first sensible vehicle to be powered by an internal-combustion engine. In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler took the inner burning engine an action even more as well as patented just what is recognized as the model of the contemporary gas engine and also later on constructed the globe’s first four-wheeled motor vehicle.
5. The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin– a device that divides seeds, hulls, as well as various other undesirable products from cotton after it has been picked– on March 14, 1794.
6. The camera
In 1814, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce produced the very first photo with a video camera obscure. However, the picture required 8 hrs of direct light exposure and also later discolored. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre is thought about the innovator of the very first functional procedure of photography in 1837.
7. The Steam Engine
Thomas Savery was an English army engineer and inventor who, in 1698, patented the very first crude vapor engine. Thomas Newcomen designed the climatic vapour engine in 1712. James Watt improved Newcomen’s style as well as developed just what is thought about the very first modern-day heavy steam engine in 1765.
8. The Sewing Machine
The very first practical sewing machine was invented by the French dressmaker, Barthelemy Thimonnier, in 1830. In 1834, Walter Search developed The U.S.A.’s initial (somewhat) successful sewing maker. Elias Howe patented the very first lockstitch stitching device in 1846. Isaac Singer developed the up-and-down motion mechanism. In 1857, James Gibbs patented the first chain-stitch single-thread stitching machine. Helen Augusta Blanchard patented the very first zig-zag stitch device in 1873.
9. The Light bulb
In contrast to conventional belief, Thomas Alva Edison didn’t “invent” the lightbulb, but instead, he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. In 1809, Humphry Davy, an English chemist, designed the initial electrical light. In 1878, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, an English physicist, was the very first person to invent a functional and also the longer-lasting electrical light bulb (13.5 hours) with a carbon fiber filament. In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison created a carbon filament that melted for forty hrs.
Alexander Fleming found penicillin in 1928. Andrew Moyer patented the initial technique of industrial manufacturing of penicillin in 1948.


If you want to use Samsung TV without WiFi, you need to install Samsung TV remote app with Infrared blaster on your device. These applications will extend their functionality and allow you to control TV without WiFi. Let’s see how to use apps to control our TVs and other devices.
Mobile phones and tablets have become one of the most used items in our daily life. It will be more convenient if you can use the Samsung TV remote app to control without having to look around for a missing or misplaced remote control. Your mobile phone will become a smart remote control. However, this proposal has a big warning. Your phone needs a built-in infrared blaster. If not, an external infrared blaster is required. External infrared blasters are easy to find and buy online. This may not achieve the purpose of losing and finding the remote control, but with an external infrared blaster, you will be able to use one device instead of a bunch of different remote controls.
How Does the Android TV Eemote Control Work?
Well, if your phone has an infrared intensifier built in, you just need to search universal remote or infrared intensifier in the app store. For Android, you will find an app called smart IR remote from anymote. This application will extend the functionality of your device. It will allow you to control too many appliances in your home, not just TV. It will control your communication. Any home theater with remote control can control it.
Samsung TV remote app can be used to control TV with mobile phone. You will find more applications available. Choose the one you feel most comfortable with. If you want to control TV without WiFi, it will be more difficult to use IOS devices.
Samsung TV Remote App without WiFi
If you have a Samsung TV, you may want to control them with a mobile phone without WiFi. Just remember, you need a mobile phone with a built-in infrared blaster. If you want to buy a phone, please click the link above to access the list of phones with IR blaster. Once you get a mobile phone with a built-in infrared blaster, you need to install a general-purpose remote application to control your TV without WiFi.
If you try to use the Smartphone Application on your phone to remotely control your TV without WiFi connection, please follow the following methods or steps:
If you are a Samsung TV user, the following describes how to use an Android phone as a TV and remote control. If your Samsung TV is non intelligent, please use a TV remote control application without WiFi.
To do this, please carefully perform the following steps:
You will use the general Android Samsung TV remote control application to perform this function. You must first download the application.
- On the Android smartphone, find the Android play store application icon on the screen, and then click open.
- On the Android play store menu, find the search panel, insert keywords into the application you want to download, which is a general Samsung TV remote control, and then search. You will have a list of many remote controls, so choose the general Samsung TV remote control application, and then click the installation option on the download menu.
- After installation, click the application icon on the Android smartphone home screen to open it.
- Find and click the infrared blaster option on the application menu page to open it. (IR blaster is an Android smart phone sensor software that allows smart phone users to control TV through Android devices). Note: when using this application, make sure that the WiFi connection and data connection are turned off when using the satellite receiver.
- On the IR blaster menu, select your Samsung TV from the list, and then click it.
- Once the pairing is successful, you can start using the general Android Samsung TV remote control to control the Samsung TV.
What is Infrared Blaster?
Infrared blaster simulates the action of manual remote control through infrared signal. For example, the traditional remote control TV can only be operated by the keys on the remote control device. By using infrared signals, infrared blasters now allow you to manage your TV through the remote control application on your mobile phone. Installing or connecting infrared intensifiers in mobile phones will no longer require a TV remote control. Worried about where you left your remote control last night? With all the controls of Android TV on your mobile phone, it’s no longer important.
If you use an Android device, it may have a built-in infrared blaster. IPhone, on the other hand, is not. However, infrared blasters are slowly being replaced by new models because they are now considered obsolete technology. There is a simple way to verify the infrared compatibility of mobile phones. You can find IR test application on Google play store. It will let you know whether your mobile phone can be used as a universal TV remote control without WiFi.
How do I Know if My Mobile Phone has an Infrared Blaster?
If you have an IOS device, you probably don’t, but an Android device may have one. This option is being phased out by mobile phones, but there are two technologies. Look at the top of your phone and look for an opening. This opening is similar to a remote control sensor. It has a dark red lens on it, allowing the signal to pass. The second technique is to download an application called IR test. This application will check whether your phone has an infrared blaster built in. You can also click the link below to access the list of mobile phones with built-in infrared blasters.
Can I Use My Mobile Phone as a Universal Remote Control?
You may have heard of the universal intelligent remote control, which requires all your intelligent devices to connect through the same network. However, your mobile phone can also be used as a universal remote control without Wi Fi network. You can use the intelligent infrared remote control to control the TV.
How Can I Get the Infrared Blaster?
You can find external infrared blasters suitable for mobile phones or tablets on the Internet. They will be plugged into the headphone jack or charging port. When using external infrared blasters, you may need to use the application recommended by them.
If your phone does not have an infrared intensifier by default, you can use an external infrared intensifier. The infrared blaster can be connected to the infrared port on the device, which is mainly a headphone jack or a charging port. For more details on how to use the infrared blaster, click here. Although its function is very convenient, it does mean that every time you want to use the mobile phone as a complex universal remote control, you must connect an external hardware to the mobile phone. For this reason, it may be wise to turn an old mobile phone into a permanent replacement remote control. This will save you the trouble of connecting and reconnecting your mobile phone all the time.
Benefits of Using Infrared Blasters
Using WiFi universal remote control, such as Samsung smart TV remote control, requires that your mobile phone and Samsung smart TV are connected to the same WiFi network. Bluetooth remote control also belongs to the same category as smart TV remote control that requires WiFi. Because all your home appliances will be connected through a network, you can finally have a smart house.
Although this is acceptable for people who pay great attention to technology, it may be troublesome for daily life. Using infrared blasters with the right remote applications can reduce the need for “smart” everything and a consistent Internet connection.
Find the right remote control application. Now that we have learned about the infrared blaster, let’s take a look at the remote control application you can use.
Android TV remote control
If your Android phone is infrared compatible by default, it may already have an official application to control your TV. This Android remote control application may be pre installed on your phone. However, if this is not the case, we have some remote application suggestions for you.
Remote Application Suggestions
- Anymote Universal
Our first suggestion is any generic. This paid app is suitable for Android and IOS, and has infrared and Wi Fi compatibility. Unfortunately, it does not apply to Sony TV and Sony mobile phones.
This powerful remote editor can absolutely control any smart device or media player, and its functions can be enhanced through many smart functions. It can also work on your local network as Samsung smart TV remote control, Philips smart TV remote control, Amazon fire TV remote control, Yamaha and Denon AVR remote control, roku remote control and Boxee remote control. So say goodbye to each individual app!
Another good choice is a unified TV application, which is compatible with Android, IOS and windows phones. Although it is not a free application, it is very cheap and easy to use. According to the application description and customer comments, it is one of the most fluent remote applications.
However, please make sure the application is compatible with your TV brand. For example, it works well with Samsung TV and LG TV, and claims to provide more than 80 device specific remote controls.
- Twinone Universal TV Remote Control
This android app is completely free and can only be used with infrared blasters. The twinone app claims to work with a variety of smart TVs and other devices, including but not limited to Samsung TVs, Panasonic TVs and LG TVs. However, because it is only infrared compatible, it can only be used with specific mobile phones.
How to Control TV Through WiFi?
Have you considered using WiFi instead of infrared? This will be an easier choice because all mobile phones have WiFi and Bluetooth. Some applications use WiFi to control your TV and other devices. Other devices can receive Bluetooth signals and send them to WiFi. At this time, the natural process of all devices is to connect to WiFi. WiFi is almost normal now. WiFi is everywhere. Signals from all devices and routers create a home network. These WiFi signals will be combined to form a smart house. Some people may think that this is a kind of interference, which may be the reason why they want to use infrared controller instead of WiFi.
From applications to hardware, we hope this will at least help you. Search for external infrared blasters in app stores and e-commerce stores. At the end of the day, you will decide which is your best choice. A good day.
You can find external infrared blasters in any online hardware store of your choice.


Smart Sensors and Detectors
Optimal traffic management and control within cities and highways depend on reliable data. AABMATICA’s traffic detectors can provide accurate information for classifications, counting, traffic volume, ETA, queue detection, average speed, headway, gap etc. The detectors can be integrated into single platform for all applications.
AABMATICA’s 3D/4D forward firing sensors are incredibly useful for making adaptive systems better, speed enforcement systems more precise and acceptable. The sensors can:
- Perform in all weather conditions (fog, rain, night, duststorm) and does not require any cleaning.
- Provide classification, volume, speed of multiple vehicles with high precision.
- Track vehicles for upto 350 meters.
- Simultaneously track more than 150 vehicles.
- Be used for various traffic management projects.
AABMATICA’s laser sensor has inbuilt artificial intelligence and algorithms to help develop profile of the vehicles, allowing precise classification of vehicle transits. The firmware implements filters for rain and snow. The scanner optic is made of two physically distinct areas for laser transmission and reception, making it particularly immune to the opacity produced by dust, water and pollution. The sensor can:
- Distinguish between more than 12 classes (including heavy car and bus).
- Work outdoors even in adverse weather conditions.
- Be used in Smart City, Tolling & ITMS projects.
- LORA based sensors for Parking, Smart Lighting, Solid Waste & Smart Metering solutions.
- Environment & Weather sensors for smart cities & highways.
- People Counter & Thermal sensors for entry exit.
Traffic planning and information management
Traffic remodeling and road redesign
ZTL / traffic limited zones and route planning
Disseminating information to commuters via VMS
Automatic traffic counter and classifiers
Traffic forecasting and futuristic planning
Vehicle detection for adaptive system
Get in Touch
AABMATICA’s solutions work out-of-the-box and can also be customized to suit your specific requirements.
To get a consultation and a custom quote, connect with us.


What is a DAC?
DAC is short for Digital – to – Analog Converter. It is an electronic processor inside digital media players that converts digital audio information (comprised of a series of 0s and 1s) into an analog audio signal that can be sent to headphones, or for better sound, to a headphone amp. For it to sound as good as when the music was originally recorded, you need to use a high quality DAC. The simplest way to get a digital audio signal to an external DAC is via the USB port on your computer, or get a digital feed from the optical and coaxial outputs -- also known as SPDiF connections -- found on CD or DVD players, MAC computers, home theatre/stereo receivers, and other streaming audio gadgets of all kinds.
As MP3 files will always lack detail and dynamics, the best thing to improve the sound on your headphones is to rip your digital music in uncompressed formats or at the highest possible bit rate.
To truly understand how a DAC functions, one needs to understand what an analog signal is. An analog audio signal is a continuously varying voltage that represents (or is analog-ous) to the continuously varying air pressure of a sound wave that you hear.
For example, a microphone converts incoming sounds into an analog electrical signal representing those sounds or a room speaker converts and analog electrical signal back in the original sound (closest possible).
The key would be how does one store an analog signal? Half a century ago, an analog signal would be stored as a groove on a record that moves the needle back and forth during playback to create an electrical analog signal representing the stored sound. Today, we repeatedly sample and measure the height of the analog signal over time, and then store that series of numbers on the hard disk or in flash memory of an audio player. This series of numbers is a digital audio signal. A CD disc stores these samples as 16-bit binary (1s and 0s) "words" 44,100 times a second, but digital audio data can be stored in a variety of sample rates, word sizes, and encoding or compression formats, and are brought to you on everything from your smartphone to your laptop. But in every case, the last thing that happens is the digital numbers get converted back into an analog electrical signal that can be sent to your headphones or headphone amp. The device that does this is called a digital to analog converter, or a DAC!


What is amateur radio?
Amateur Radio, also called ham radio, is a FCC licensed radio service. There are three basic license classes you can hold, Technician, General, and Extra. A technician license allows you to transmit on all the VHF/UHF bands alloted to amateur radio. General allows communication on a large part of HF, in addition to the Tech's existing pivlages. Extra class allows communication on every ham radio band. ag-guys.com
What good is it? Amateur Radio will always be there. If the phone lines go out, the cell phone towers shut down, or the electricty goes out worldwide, you can still use radio communication. With todays batterys, you can run for a week or two on just one gell-cell battery! This makes Amateur Radio great for emergancy communications during natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods. And, its also a lot of fun. There are many yearly contests, where you compete with other hams across the country and the world to make as many contacts as you can in a set time and on set bands and frequencys. Or, you can just use it for local communications with your friends and family.
Modes, modes, and more modes!
One thing that is really cool about ham radio, is that there are many many modes. Voice, CW (morse code), and many digital modes. The digital modes are where you connect your computer or GPS to your radio, and include SSTV (transmitting pictures), RTTY, and PSK31 (transmitting text), and other packet modes, some you can even transfer data files and other computer info back and forth. A little something for everyone! :)


As an HP/Aruba Partner we help businesses build scalable network solutions built for performance and flexibility. Ask how we can help your business deliver the results it deserves.
When it comes to delivering high performance switches for scalable network solutions, HP delivers time and time again.
As an HP partner, we are well versed in the various series of switches they offer and the pros and cons for each one. We we will deploy the right hardware which perfectly fits your goals.
HP offers options for more cost-effective solutions, as well as high performance driven switches where maximum flexibility and integrated advanced capabilities are priority.
Remove the complexity with a simple and scalable solution that doesn't sacrifice performance, features or security.


Best Budget Wireless Microphone: Digitek is a brand known for producing high-quality, budget-friendly audio equipment, and their latest low-cost wireless microphone is no exception. The new Digitek Wireless Microphone provides excellent audio quality at an affordable price point.
Digitek Wireless Microphone is a device that uses radio waves to transmit audio signals from a microphone to a receiver. The wireless nature of the device allows users to move freely while they are speaking, making it ideal for a variety of applications such as presentations, speeches, and performances. The Digitek Wireless Microphone is easy to use and can be paired with most audio systems, including PA systems, soundbars, and speakers.
One of the key benefits of using a wireless microphone is the increased mobility it provides. The lack of cords or cables eliminates the risk of tripping or getting tangled, making it ideal for use on stage or in a live performance setting. This increased mobility also allows the user to move around freely, making it easier to engage with their audience or perform more dynamic movements.
Digitek Wireless Microphone System for DSLR, Camcorder, Smartphone & Tablet
Another benefit of the Digitek Wireless Microphone is its compatibility with a wide range of audio systems. The device comes with a receiver that can be easily connected to most audio systems, including PA systems, soundbars, and speakers. This compatibility makes it a versatile option for users with different audio systems and allows it to be used in different settings and applications.
The Digitek Wireless Microphone also comes with a built-in rechargeable battery, which provides a convenient and cost-effective alternative to replaceable batteries. The battery life of the device is long-lasting, providing several hours of continuous use, making it ideal for use in extended presentations or performances.
In terms of sound quality, the Digitek Wireless Microphone provides clear and crisp audio, making it ideal for use in presentations, speeches, and performances. The device features noise reduction technology that minimizes background noise and ensures that the audio being transmitted is of the highest quality.
|Connector Type||3.5 mm Jack|
|Mounting Hardware||Transmitter, Receiver, 2 Wind Muff, one with Two Cable, DSLR Cable, 2 Monitor Earphone, One Lightning CableTeansmitter, Receiver, 2 Wind Muff, one with Two Cable, DSLR Cable, 2 Monitor Earphone, One Lightning Cable|
Buy Digitek Wireless Microphone:
Digitek Wireless Microphone Features
- Enhanced headphone monitoring function, allowing you to monitor in real-time while shooting. with a 3.5mm interface. with two 3. mm, cables can be used with a laptop/PC/DSLR Camera/amplifier/ DV / Camcorder/smartphone/mixer, etc.
- 360 degrees Ultra-Clear pickup/receiver equal amount of sound from all directions
- Crystal-clear audio for any type of content creation
- Plug and play-automatic pairing. the signal transmission with low latency & without interruption. suitable for video shooting
- High-performance wireless transmission-effective up to 30 meters. Ultra stable signal; audio & video synchronization
Overall, the latest low-cost Digitek Wireless Microphone is an excellent option for those looking for a budget-friendly microphone that provides clear and natural audio quality. Its compact design, easy set-up, and long-lasting battery life make it a versatile option for a variety of settings and applications.


Digital broadcast part: Supports up to 24/192K WAV/APE/FLAC and DSD files, and has a digital coaxial output port to connect to a decoder or digital amplifier
Decoding part: up to 24BIT/192K, with a pair of LR analog RCA outputs, which can be directly connected to active speakers or amplifiers and other power amplifiers
Digital coaxial output: up to 24BIT/192K, line output review: 21V rms
Frequency response: (from 20HZ to 20KHZ): ±0.1db
Dynamic range: 126db
Weight: 2KG (with packaging).


Updated on March 28, 2019
How SHAREit Works: Its Concept and Technical Process
Have you ever wondered how SHAREit works? How did the developer come up with such a great file-sharing application that can meet the needs of the users? This is pretty much a question for us who do not know anything about programming and such.
Remember those times when we rely on a program that takes like forever to transfer a single file. Yeah, you’re right. I am talking about our old best-friend – the Bluetooth. Bluetooth left us so many memories when smartphones are not yet existing. It is a tool which allows us to send and receive images or audio and video files from multiple devices.
Today, mobile developers are continuing to enhance our devices, and it goes the same with the programs and applications. They developed gaming routers so we can play without lags, modems and routers for us to access the internet, and now a file-sharing application. They realized that we need to have a more reliable file-sharing app that will transfer files in a faster way. For that reason, they brought an app that will meet the needs of the mobile and computer users – the SHAREit.
SHAREit is one of the best and popular file-sharing apps in the market. It transfers files at a lightning speed no matter how large the file is. SHAREit can share the files from one device to another on different platforms. With just a few clicks, a file will be transferred in a matter of seconds or minutes, depending on how large the file is.
In here, I will share with you the information on how SHAREit works. It is based on the research I have made and of course, from the experience of using it. To have a first-hand experience of SHAREit, click this link and use SHAREit for Windows device. You can learn more about tech and gaming industry from our website.
How SHAREit Works: The Concept of a File-Sharing Application
A file-sharing application like SHAREit is the app that is responsible for sharing or transferring files from one device to another. The concept is based on networking, where there are a sender and a receiver. Both of the devices have their IP address. One of the devices must initiate or create a WiFi hotspot while the other must be connected to that hotspot.
Once the two devices established a connection, transferring files can be done. The sending device will choose the file/files, while the receiver just needs to wait for the files to be transferred completely. SHAREit does not uses any internet or Wi-Fi routers that will
How SHAREit Works Technically
SHAREit transmits data at the speed of 2 Mbps. This transmission does not use any type of cables or data. SHAREit uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to transfer the files. The data to be sent is broken down into smaller pieces and it is called “packets.” The broken data packets are then transmitted to the receiver. When all the packets are received, the receiving device combines them and convert to the original file again.
Key Features of SHAREit
SHAREit runs on different platforms whether it is smartphone, tablet or computer. It can be downloaded and installed in Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android and iOS.
#2. Share Everything in a Lightning Speed
With SHAREit, all types of files can be sent. You can share everything including images, audio and video files, documents, contacts and even applications. There’s no limit on transferring when it comes to file size.
One of the best features of SHAREit is that it can send and receive a file in a matter of seconds. No matter how large the file is, and how many files are you going to send, it will not take a long time to finish transferring.
#3. Share Files Simultaneously
SHAREit for PC comes with a special feature which allows group sharing for up to 5 devices. So, if you and your friends came to a party and you captured the moments, you can send those moments to them simultaneously.
#4. WiFi Hotspot Operated
Older mobile phones rely on Bluetooth to transfer and share files. SHAREit, on the other hand, does not need a Bluetooth or an internet to send and receive. You only need to create a WiFi hotspot which uses IP address and establish the connection between the devices, and transferring can be done.
Technically, it is hard to understand how SHAREit works on our devices. But when it comes to its concept, I am sure you know that already. Since most of us who have smartphones use SHAREit as our file-sharing app, we already familiarized ourselves on this program.
If you have questions and concerns regarding SHAREit app, please leave them in the comment box below. We are here to assist you with whatever we can do.


Horvath brings speed, flexibility and a customer-first commitment to neutral-host networks
High-quality wireless service has become an expectation in high-traffic environments. As the wireless industry moves toward the deployment of 5G networks, venue owners are increasingly turning to Neutral-Host Service Providers to help deploy shared infrastructure, such as Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) or Small Cells that can support all operators.
Benefits of Working with Horvath
Horvath is a right-sized partner in small cell development. We have the resources of a large company with the flexibility of a small company. We have a customer-first attitude and a tireless commitment to speed and efficiency. We have existing relationships with all major cell carriers, as well as regional carriers and wireless broadband providers.
Horvath offers a full, turn-key solution, including monitoring and maintenance of the network. We design a solution, unique to your property, that maximizes its potential.


Headphones Over the Ear – What You Need to Know
The headphones that completely cover your ears provide better passive noise isolation than headphones that are on-ear and typically have higher-quality sound. They often feature advanced technologies such as modern Bluetooth chips audio codecs, audio codecs, and large drivers (such as magnetic ones that are planar).
They also provide better comfort for long listening sessions, and they often feature active noise cancellation. However, they are typically more expensive than earbuds.
A good pair will isolate your ears from noise and block it out. This is referred to as acoustic isolation. It is difficult to define on paper since manufacturers typically make up vague numbers such as “30dB noise reduction.”
Over-ear headphones are ideal for isolation as they cover all of your ears. They are great for working, studying or commuters. They are the most comfortable since they rest on your head, rather than pressing against your ears.
On-ear headphones also offer a good option for isolated audio. They are less bulky and sit on the outside of the ear. However, they permit some sound to leak from the ear cups. They are a great choice for people who prefer listening to music without the bulkiness of over-ear headphones.
Earbuds are the smallest type of headphone and sit within your ear canal which allows them to provide more isolation than the over-ear headphones. They are not recommended for long listening as they can cause damage to your hearing if utilized at a high volume. They are also a bit more likely to fall out of your ears and cause distraction for some people.
Active noise cancelling headphones (ANC) utilize built-in technology to block out ambient noises, which can help with concentration and focus. They use microphones to detect ambient sound waves and changing them into silence. Certain sounds, such as voices and acoustic instrument, may still be heard.
Passive noise isolation headphones don’t need batteries and are usually cheaper than ANC models. They’re not as effective and can cause an annoying hissing sound that some people find annoying. Some brands, such as Bose are also able to collect audio data from their headsets and share it with third-party companies that some users aren’t comfortable with. It’s possible to hide it in lengthy service agreements or within the app’s permissions. Be sure to check before purchasing. Other companies, like Sony and Sennheiser do not collect data from their headsets.
Quality of sound is crucial whether you’re a serious music lover or simply need to listen to audio content. The headphones that are worn over the ear generally have better sound quality than earbuds since they cover your ears more completely and allow less ambient noises to enter which is great to protect your hearing. They also have larger drivers that can create a more clear and spacious sound.
They usually have padded ear cups made from materials like memory foam that cushions your head and ears for extended listening sessions. The majority of them have adjustable headbands that come with rotating or collapsible hinges for easy storage. Some are larger than earbuds and less portable. However, some come with collapsible base that can be folded flat to transport.
Many of the headphones that are over-ear are best wireless over ear headset, and many come with active noise cancellation. This makes them ideal to listen to music in public transport or at work. Over-ear headphones that do not feature active noise cancellation are an option. They provide a comfy fitting that doesn’t force too hard on your ears and don’t require you to turn up the volume, which is more considerate of others in noisy environments.
You may be able find headphones in a style or color you like. One example is the I-MEGO Throne Gold, which features gold accents that make it stand out from the crowd. Sivga Oriole has striking wooden ear cups.
Some over-ear headphones have an elegant design and are designed to be used in studios. They may not be as stylish and are more expensive than other types, but they are built for serious listening and concentrate on audio reproduction.
Over-ear headphones typically come with rich, deep bass that is well-tuned to ensure a well-balanced playback. Low-mids are warm and smooth, while high-mids are crisp and detailed. This allows vocals to be distinct from the mix, and allows instruments like guitars and synths to stand out.
Contrary to in-ear headphones that sit within the ear canal and limit your hearing, over-ear wireless headphones models can be worn over or around your ears. They’re also generally more comfortable than in-ear over headphones models for long listening sessions. Their ear cups are larger and can be padded with more. A headband is typically placed on the top of the head to relieve pressure from your ears and [Redirect-Meta-0] head.
Over-ear headphones also have bigger drivers due to the larger ear cups. This allows them to reproduce audio with greater clarity and clarity. This is especially true for the high and low end where instruments with acoustics like pianos and violins really shine. They also are more likely to have active noise cancellation (ANC) built-in, which can help to reduce ambient noise as you listen.
Some over-ear headsets come with an integrated microphone for hands-free calling. They can be especially beneficial when you’re on go or working in a noisy environment. Some models have touch sensors on the ear cups so you can easily control your music, apps and voice assistants. They’re a great option for use on the go. Some models even come with built-in storage, so you can fold the earphones into a small bag for carrying when they are not in use.
On-ear headphones are thought to be the second best over ear noise cancelling headphones headphones for comfort and audio quality. They look similar to over-ear headphones. They are a little more portable than over-ear models but offer excellent sound isolation. This is particularly the case when you use active noise cancelling models. They’re better at blocking external noises than over-ear headphones, though some outside noise can still pass through the ear cups.
On-ear headphones have larger ear cups that can store larger batteries. This lets them last longer than other types of headphones. This is especially the case when ANC is enabled and can cut down playback time for many headphones on ear by as much as 50 percent. The most durable on-ear headphones are usually capable of lasting for more than 40 hours on one charge, which makes them the most durable and portable headphones.
Noise cancelling headphones are designed to keep you focused on what’s playing by eliminating external sounds. There are two types: active noise cancellation and passive isolation. Active noise cancelling headphones come with special circuitry that electronically cuts down external sound by detecting it and matching it to an equal and opposite frequency. Passive noise isolation utilizes physical barriers like padding and ear cups to block out unwanted sound. Both of these technologies provide effective solutions to block out distracting ambient noise, but active noise cancellation is more sophisticated and expensive to make than passive isolation.
The ANC technology built into some headphones is powered by a small internal speaker, referred to as an electrodynamic driver, or more specifically, a moveable coil driver. These devices utilize a stationary magnet element, often made from ferrite or neodymium to create an electric field around a voice coil. The voice coil is a lightweight wire, coiled in its own is suspended within the magnetic field and vibrates to produce acoustic waves which transmit audio data. The vibrations generated are transformed into electronic signals, which create sound through the headphones’ transducers.
ANC headphones have thick earpads that sit comfortably over the ear headphones the ear and block them from outside noise. The acoustic tampering provide is superior than that provided by in-ear and on-ear headphones. However the ANC in certain headphones could be compromised by inadequate design. The earpads could leak sound or have a small surface area, making it difficult to seal your ears.
Some headphones include a “Transparency Mode” that allows you to hear outside sounds without turning off your music. This feature is great when you want to hear what’s going on around you, such as announcements on the plane or when you are talking to someone.
The Monoprice BT600ANC is an excellent pair of low-cost noise-canceling headphones. These Bluetooth headphones are priced at less than $100 and come with an in-built microphone with control buttons that can be manipulated with a touch as well as aptX support and high-quality audio codecs. They’re not as good as more expensive models however they’re a great value.


The Amadeus Core consists of bullet proof server hardware running the Amadeus proprietary DSP software. It offers redundant power supplies and redundant bidirectional 128CH Dante or Madi Audio Interface. For further redundancy a second system can be installed in redundant mode. The overall latency does not exceed 5ms. It can be remote controlled via webbrowser, DAW plugin, IPAD or custom switch panels. For remote maintenance it offers a specific remote management port. Below you can find schematic drawings of the Amadeus Active Acoustics and the Amadeus Show Acoustics System.
AMADEUS ACTIVE ACOUSTICS
Amadeus Active Acoustics provides acoustic enhancement for live music and speech in a multi-purpose venue, concert hall or theatre. Depending on the passive room acoustics the creation and design of virtually every acoustic environment can be realized. In addition a virtual orchestra shell can be created and the loudness of music ensembles or speech can be enhanced.
AMADEUS SHOW ACOUSTICS
Amadeus Show Acoustics provides 3D sound source spatialization with accurate localization and total immersion for indoor and outdoor venues. Continuous movements of live inputs or playback channels in a 3D Space with the addition of a virtual acoustic space are only one feature. In addition virtual speaker simulations for cinema screenings and presentations can be realized. 3D content can be recorded and stored in the system - Remote control via IPAD or dedicated DAW plugin


At the end of April, the European Patent Office (EPO) granted the Hamburg media company Radiopark a patent (patent number 1953999) for its groundbreaking mobile technology for time-based playback of audio content. With today’s announcement in the European Patent Bulletin, the decision is effective.
The technology for the mobile sector makes it possible to implement a complete, individual radio program without a permanent internet connection. In contrast to regular streaming services, which do not allow time-accurate playback without a mobile connection, Radiopark’s technology is able to play the desired program offline right on time. The European Patent Office thus follows the German and US Patent Offices, which had already granted the corresponding patent in 2007 and 2013.
Arndt-Helge Grap, managing partner of Radiopark, explains this special feature of the patent: „With the introduction of the first smartphones, we have already predicted that mobile devices will become the information and entertainment devices of the future. However, it will not be possible to guarantee trouble-free transmission via mobile network infrastructures in the medium term. With our technology, on the other hand, a complete, personalized radio experience can be realized on request.“ This includes time-based news, contributions, moderation and advertising as well as personalized music formats. The use of data is also extremely efficient. No permanent internet connection is necessary, as is currently the case with all streaming technologies. New content is automatically buffered on the mobile device when the connection is established and then played back at the scheduled time. Radio providers can thus offer their mobile listeners an error-free, curated program at any time.


Take an internet speed test
There are programs available online that will test your internet speed for you for free. We recommend trying a few different tests to see if the results are consistent.
Check with your provider that you are getting the speed you pay for.
Update your software
Updating your software and uninstalling anything you don’t use can really boost the speed of your computer and free up the processor to deal with your internet activity. Make sure to use good anti-virus software as well.
Install Fibre Optic Cables
Compared to wired cables, fibre optic cables provide higher bandwidth and can transmit data over longer distances.
Install fibre optic cables in your home or business for the fastest possible data transmission. Fibre optic cables give the best upload and download speeds, increased bandwidth and better coverage over larger distances.
With so much competition, internet providers are constantly upping their game and giving their customers better deals. Negotiate a better deal with your provider or shop around for something better.
Move your router or computer
Moving your router or computer around can really make a big difference to the strength of your wifi signal. Test out various positions and see if it improves. If you have had your router for a while call up your provider and ask for a new one.


When choosing an action camera microphone attachment, you have a few options. There are the Rode Wireless GO II, the Monkey MCm-1, the Removu RM-M1+A1, and the Movo PMA-1. Here are some things to keep in mind before you buy one.
Rode Wireless GO II
The Rode Wireless GO II action camera microphone is attached to your camera using a wireless connection. It uses an uncompressed WAV format to record audio and features 48KHz, 24-bit resolution. It has a storage capacity of up to seven hours of audio. It also has a safety channel that can be activated via RODE Central. The safety channel reduces the volume of one of the audio channels by 20dB.
This compact, lightweight mic attachment is compatible with iOS devices with a Lightning input. It can also connect to Android devices with a USB-C port. This means it will seamlessly interact with devices that support USB-C connections. The VideoMic GO II is compatible with a wide range of smartphones, tablets, and laptops and has headphone monitoring capabilities.
The Wireless GO II is designed with convenience in mind. It is pocket and bag-friendly, weighing only 32g. It also comes with a convenient carrying pouch for easy transport. Moreover, it features a clip for easy mounting to clothing or cold shoe accessories. It is also easy to use and install on a mobile camera rig.
The wireless GO II has a mute button, which can mute the speaker or presenter. You can also change the function of this button through RODE Central. Lastly, you can connect the Wireless GO II with a 3.5mm TRS or XLR input device.
The Rode Wireless GO II is one of the best-selling products made by the brand. This microphone also allows you to connect two microphones to one receiver. One receiver will connect to the action camera, while the other will connect to a microphone.
The Monkey MCm-1 action camera microphone attachment features a low-profile and lightweight design that makes it easy to mount on any action camera. It also has a built-in battery and a 3.5mm TRS connection. The device also records up to 100 hours of audio.
The Monkey MCm-1 action camera microphone attachment provides clear audio for videos and photos taken with action cameras. It is compatible with a wide range of cameras and includes a cable for easy connection to a smartphone. Its high feedback rate shows that it works well for capturing quality audio. The Monkey MCm-1 is compatible with several popular action cameras and works with the Rode Reporter app.
The Monkey MCm-1 action camera microphone attaches to various cameras and has an eighty percent positive feedback rate. It offers a wide dynamic range and eliminates background noise. It is also compatible with many action cameras and external microphone inputs.
It also features an integrated shock mount, which minimizes handling noise. It also has a TRS transmission cable, producing better audio quality. The Monkey MCm-1 action camera microphone attachment is compatible with most smartphones and DSLRs with a 3.5mm microphone jack. It must be used with a camera with a battery, but it comes with a 3.5mm cable for connecting the microphone to the camera.
A suitable action camera microphone attachment should fit into the camera body and feature a USB Type-C port for easy connection. It should be easy to use and durable. It should also come with a long USB cord.
The Removu RM-M1+M1 wireless action camera microphone attachment offers an extended wireless range, high-quality sound, and plenty of versatility. Users of this microphone will appreciate the fact that it works well outdoors and even in windy conditions. This waterproof microphone also comes with a lithium battery that lasts more than 6 hours.
This wireless microphone attaches to the camera and the speaker’s clothing. It picks up audio clearly when placed close to the source. The microphone is also equipped with a jack plug and integrated control. It works with most smart devices.
The Removu RM-M1+M1+A1 is one of the most affordable and high-quality microphones available. It offers the same benefits as the Rode VideoMic Pro+ but costs less than $30. You can also pick up an inexpensive microphone from the $30 to $40 range, such as the Purple Panda Lavalier microphone and the BOYA BY-MM1 action camera microphone attachment.
Another option is the Movo VXR10-Pro, which is very affordable and expensive. This mic reduces ambient noise and is compatible with most action cameras and DSLRs. If necessary, you can also use the included 3.5mm cable to connect the mic to a smartphone.
Another affordable option is the Blue Yeti. This plug-and-play device is easy to use and has excellent features. It isn’t as versatile as other models, but it is a perfect choice for vloggers who want great audio from their videos.
This microphone is compatible with most GoPro models. It requires a suitable adapter to fit it. The microphone is omnidirectional so that you can capture sound from any direction. It is also susceptible to a wide frequency range. The microphone is also lightweight and convenient to use.
The Movo PMA-1 action camera microphone attachment connects to the mic port on your camera to capture high-quality audio. This mic is lightweight and durable and can be used with most types of cameras. It has a 3.5mm audio input jack and a USB type-C connection for power and data transfer. Compared to other microphone adapters, this is the cheapest and most versatile.
Its multi-directional head and foam windscreen makes it suitable for various smartphones, tablets, and action cameras. It has a high signal-to-noise ratio, which means it can pick up the sound of a subject without being obstructed by wind noise. The microphone is compatible with iOS and Android devices and weighs only one ounce.
Although most action cameras come with internal microphones, adding an external microphone is a great way to improve audio quality. There are several brands and models available. Some are specially designed for specific camera models, while others are universal. When deciding which one to buy, remember that a microphone attachment should match your particular camera model.
Most action camera microphone attachments connect via USB Type-C. Most are designed to fit close to the camera body for better audio quality. However, some have long cables connecting the USB and aux ends. If you plan on recording a long distance, you may want to consider a wireless external microphone.
The Movo VXR10 PRO is a more updated version of the original Movo VXR10. It offers improved audio quality and features a shock-mount to prevent handling noise. The Movo VXR10 PRO also features a super-cardioid polar pattern, which produces more accurate sound. It is compatible with most video recording devices and has a one-year warranty.
The Rode VideoMicro action camera microphone is a portable, adaptable microphone that provides clear audio and eliminates background noise. This microphone weighs 42 grams and features a shock mount integrated with RycoteA(r) LyreA(r) technology, providing superior acoustic suspension. It also features a premium ceramic coating and a fuzzy windscreen.
Considering buying a new microphone for your action camera, it’s essential to consider its price range and features. Basic microphones can be purchased for less than $30, while more advanced models are more expensive. Considering your budget and needs, you can make the right decision and invest in a quality on-camera microphone. The Rode VideoMic Pro+ is an excellent option if you’re on a budget. It offers professional-grade sound quality and comes with a windscreen and shock mount.
The Rode VideoMic Pro is an excellent option for filming outdoor activities. Another notable feature is its lightweight and compact design. The microphone is small and lightweight, measuring only 8cm long and 42g. Its wind-blocking windshield also reduces the effects of wind noise from other sources.
The VideoMicro comes with a camera shoe mount and a Rycote Lyre shock mount. These features simplify the mic setup process, and the shock mount minimizes handling noise. The VideoMic also features a foam windscreen, which reduces the wind noise that can deteriorate video quality. This feature is handy when recording while walking. The Rode VideoMicro action camera microphone is compatible with most action cameras and smartphones. It is lightweight, portable, and easy to use. It is powered by two AAA batteries and has a recording time of 100 hours.


systems are always implemented with some overlap between cells to allow
spectrum reuse. The overlap aids call-handoff from one cell to another.
CDMA and TDMA systems may benefit from this overlap through diversity.
However, overlapping also increases interference and, consequently,
may diminish capacity. This effect is very complex in CDMA systems and
also affects TDMA systems. Achieving the proper amount of overlap while
simultaneously minimizing interference is a very daunting task. Maintaining
coverage while minimizing interference is an important step to significantly
increase capacity. CelEnhancer™ automatically shapes cell footprints to simultaneously minimize interference
(considering diversity effects), maintain the same coverage, and balance
can shape cell footprints by adjusting one or more parameters.CelEnhancer™ analyzes all selected parameters on a sector-by-sector
basis and chooses the footprint that minimizes the use of system resources.
CDMA based systems, CelEnhancer™ allows minimization of system resources usage without affecting the
quality of the existing system. This is achieved by reducing the hardware
required to carry same amount of traffic, by reducing the network overhead
for soft handoff without increasing system load, and by reducing the
total transmission power required in the downlink. For systems using
multiple frequency channels, CelEnhancer™ allows users to optimize cell footprints considering the frequency plan
or not. This makes the tool extremely flexible as it offers carriers
the opportunity of re-defining physical parameters of sites before or
after making changes on the frequency plan.


Ruf Telematik, the Ruf Group’s telematics division, develops and implements passenger information systems for public passenger transportation. On railroads, in streetcars, buses, stations and at stopping points – Ruf Telematik provides innovative customized solutions for every area.
Based in Zürich, Switzerland, Ruf is a leading manufacturer of ICT solutions in public transport. The company’s focal point of activities lies in the development, realization and maintenance of complete system solutions for trains, metros, trams and stations. Ruf Telematik’s solution VisiWeb is in daily operation in over 2,000 vehicles worldwide.
Ruf’s services incorporate an exact analysis of customer requirements, the creation of a functional specification, efficient project management during the implementation phase, commissioning, and thorough training.
With the VisiWeb system solutions, the customer also gets the appropriate service package for long-term, reliable operation up front. This guarantees updates, maintenance, support, training, and rapid response in the event of a malfunction.
VisiWeb stands for an integrated complete system for visual and audible passenger information, video monitoring, infotainment, passenger counting systems, and emergency communication systems both in trains and buses and at stops and stations.
VisiWeb is based on digital technology and features a modular design, enabling it to be adapted to the wide range of requirements that operators and vehicle manufacturers have in terms of functionality and scope. The product portfolio includes on-board computers, control panels and displays in the driver’s cab, screens, acoustic components, emergency and information intercom systems, passenger counting systems, video monitoring, and transmission technology for mobile vehicle connection.
The system range is rounded off by software for staff training, schedule compilation, and video analysis. All of the system components communicate via Industrial Ethernet and are designed for the demanding requirements prescribed in railway operations. The complete solution also includes the VisiWeb DataHub, which coordinates data flow between subsystems as a data management software tool.
Visual and acoustic Passenger Information
Ruf Telematik is a well-known supplier of complete solutions in the field of passenger information and passenger safety for rail vehicles. Its VisiWeb product range includes the following main components:
The VisiWeb product range is a proprietary Ruf Telematik product. The VisiWeb PIS system has proven its worth in numerous installations with regards to functionality and stability. The Ruf VisiWeb PIS system is in operation on more than 2,000 vehicles all over the world. Many years of experience in the field of passenger information and safety enable the company to offer high quality support and advice to customers from quotation through to project delivery, handover and beyond. The Ruf Group has certification to ISO 9001 and is currently working towards IRIS certification.
With expansion of capacities and complexity within the public transportation, data flow in the information systems involved are dramatically increasing. Today’s demand for mobile, real-time information calls for advanced technology in order to provide this necessity. Passengers are used to receiving this information such as timetable and route data on their mobile devices and PCs online and in real-time.
For operator’s, timetable planning and evaluation of statistical route and diagnostic data are priority number one. Ruf’s VisiWeb DataHub allows operators to conveniently take control of their central data management and data flow.
Key features of the VisiWeb DataHub are:
It is becoming increasingly important to provide passengers with information in the central areas of a station, on platforms, and at stops. Passengers should be given comprehensive yet specific information when starting a journey and changing trains.These fundamental elements offered by the data hub are what makes it possible to set up real-time information systems that guide passengers in the right direction, at the right time, and to the right mode of transport.The following output media can be used:
The benefits of a VisiWeb passenger information system at a glance:


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Fix Slow Wi-Fi with these Tips
iGadget-24/ PUBLISHED: OCT-16-2019
You deserve a Better Wi-Fi Connection! And you can have just by following the below tips and tricks.
Have you ever experienced long loading times or video buffering when you are trying to stream a video, watch your favourite movie or play a game? Do you regularly lose connectivity to your Wi-Fi network at home? Are network speeds so low that it takes forever to even upload a picture?
Well you are in the right place.
1. Change Places
Wi-Fi routers need an open space toward the centre of a place to ensure optimal coverage. Be aware that walls and floors will impede Wi-Fi signals, so the more obstructions you have between your devices and your router, the weaker the signal will be. Try to avoid proximity with anything that could limit its coverage.
We all do know though that it's not always possible to place router in the middle of our house or office. We also do need Internet everywhere, not in a room only. However, if you are experiencing bad Wi-Fi signal, try changing router's place.
2. Change Channel
Interference is a big issue, especially for those who live in densely populated areas. Signals from other wireless networks can impact your Internet speed.
Most of the modern routers will try to chose the best channel for you. That channels is the one with the least crowded channel, but many cheaper routers will just choose a predefined channel, even if it isn't the best one. That could be a problem.
Depending on your model, you could try searching how to change your channel online. Most of the times it's not a difficult procedure.
3. Restart it
It might sound silly, but a restart might help you when internet connection is really bad.
Search your router for that small button that restarts your device. Press it and give it some time to re-configure settings.
You could also try turning it off manually, maybe unplug it, wait a couple of minutes and then turn it back on.
It has worked for us, what about you?
4. Set Up a Wireless Range Extender
Ok, if none of the above tips worked, then the issue is more persistent and you need to act accordingly.
The best solution is to try an Internet amplifier. We strongly suggest you to use Wifi UltraBoost. Wifi UltraBoost is essentially two cutting-edge WiFi router and a powerful amplifier, all in one tiny box. It connects to your existing network and acts as a signal repeater, literally doubling your networks range.
Below you can find more information on that.
Turbocharge Your Home Internet
See what are customers say about WiFi UltraBoost:
"All perfect, super easy to set up, takes 5 minutes to get it working. I have the router 2 floors down with almost no coverage and now my connection is perfect and I have 100% WiFi coverage."


GVT Testing Lab.
GVT is a company focusing on the detection of electronic and electrical products. GVT provides professional, comprehensive, reliable, high-quality, one-stop testing and certification services for global customers, comprehensively improves the production quality of customers and the international competitiveness of enterprises, avoids export risks and reduces production costs
At present, GVT has built a certain scale of electronic and electrical equipment EMC, safety, photoelectric performance testing, RF testing, new energy (battery) testing, chemical testing, environmental reliability testing, failure analysis testing. The laboratory is established in strict accordance with ISO / IEC17025 and en45001 international laboratory management standards, and follows the service tenet of "scientific, fair, accurate and efficient". At present, it has been authorized by many international certification bodies, including TUV, UL / ETL, FCC, IC and ctick. The scope of testing products includes information technology, household appliances, lamps, electric tools, radio, television, audio, industrial, scientific, medical, automotive electronics, wireless products, etc. at the same time, it acts as an agent for the certification of electronic products in most countries around the world, as well as the certification of mechanical equipment, medical electronics, automotive electronics, electronic and electrical harmful substances. For manufacturers and exporters, according to the international standards of relevant products, improve and improve the structure and quality of certified products, complete the test in the shortest time and obtain the corresponding certification certificate, so that the customers' products can enter the international market smoothly.


Reduce your costs by as much as half
CST Technology Solutions can implement telephone systems that reduce your costs and improve communication. For example, cloud-hosted Voice Over IP (VOIP) telephony can save you up to 50% off your current monthly phone bill. This scalable, low-maintenance solution offers low upfront costs and enables your staff to be reachable by phone virtually anywhere you have an internet connection.
CST Business Telephony services include:
- BUSINESS PHONE SYSTEMS
- HOSTED PBX
- MULTI-SITE SYSTEMS