Do you understand the difference between different sound systems? Ever wondered what makes them suitable for various applications? Whether you are a consumer or a professional audio engineer, it always helps to know the distinction between various amplification systems. Hence, today we will be asking another important question – What is a PA System?
Sound amplification systems are often seen as having the same purpose, in the eyes of most people. Thus, in this article, you will learn what sets the PA system apart from other entertainment or sound systems. Understand its basic functioning principle, and how it applies to various venues and situations. Now, let us not waste precious time, and start learning!
Introduction – Its Function
The public address system (simply referred to as PA System), is fundamentally an electronic sound distribution and amplification system which consists of transducers (microphones), amplifiers and loudspeakers. It is typically used by the operator to address large crowds in public, for instance, announcements of train arrival times at large rail terminals.
PA systems, at times, may also include an additional mixing console, together with power amplifiers and loudspeakers that are designed to be ideal for both music and speech. It can be utilized to amplify a sound source, such as music players or a person giving a speech, and then distributing the audio throughout a building or venue.
You can find PA systems installed in smaller sized venues such as campus auditoriums, small pubs and churches. The ones with multiple speakers are often used to make announcements at outdoor spaces and commercial establishments.
There are also “Intercom systems” (installed in certain buildings), that allows occupants of a room to respond to announcements via built-in microphones.
PA systems are often compared to sound reinforcement systems as both of them do share some similar components. However, it is generally understood among audio professionals that the two systems have different applications, although their distinction is not clear-cut. Sound reinforcement systems are for live concerts (often large-scale), and PA systems are typically for speech reproductions.
Let us look at the various topics we will be covering:
- Small systems
- Large systems
- Live entertainment
- Acoustic feedback
The most basic PA systems will include at least one microphone, an amplifier, and one or two loudspeakers. Simple and low powered systems are capable of providing 50 to 200 watts of power, and typically used in smaller venues such as pubs and school auditoriums. Sound sources such as Compact Disc players or radios can be patched to a PA system, for music playback purposes.
Microphones are the primary source of sound input in PA systems, and are used for any sort of sound recording. There may also be a system in place, which allows the user, or an automated electronic equipment, to choose from a list of pre-recorded messages (or other audio recordings). These audio sources are transmitted to pre-amplifiers and signal routers that feeds the audio signal to the assigned zones.
Ultimately, the pre-amplified signals are fed into the power amplifiers, which in turn, powers the loudspeakers. Depending on situational requirements, these amplifiers typically amplify the audio signals to 50V, 70V or 100V speaker line level. Amplifiers and speaker lines are monitored by control equipment for faults, before the audio signal reaches the loudspeakers.
This same control equipment is also engineered to be used for separating zones within a PA system. Take note that the equipment at the end of every PA system’s signal chain, will be a loudspeaker. This device is used to convert electrical audio signals into sound waves, which is then heard by the target audience.
Larger systems fundamentally follow the same operating principles of smaller PA systems. The most noticeable difference is that, larger systems have many loudspeakers that can provide audio coverage over an entire campus of an institution or industrial site, or even an entire outdoor facility (like a swimming complex). A large PA system is also often integrated into emergency systems (like fire alarm systems).
For smaller clubs, a very basic set-up is used, with large speakers and subwoofers positioned at the front of the stage (Front-of-House speakers), facing the audience. Smaller speakers (monitors) are then placed on stage, aimed towards the performers, to let them hear their vocals and instruments.
Often times, the Front of House speakers will be mounted on poles (tripods) or by “flying” them using anchors that are attached to the ceiling. The subwoofers will always stay on the ground level. You may notice that in smaller pubs, the audio mixer is sometimes placed on stage for the performers to adjust their levels.
In larger pubs, the mixing console is usually positioned behind the audience seating area. This allows the sound engineer to have a better listening perspective on the overall sound. The levels for the monitor speakers may be controlled by the same sound engineer that is using the main mixing console, or they could be handled by another sound engineer using a separate mixing board.
The problem of audio feedback can happen to any PA system. This occurs when sound produced by the speakers is captured by the microphone, goes through re-amplification, and then sent to the speakers again. It typically sounds like a loud high-pitched squeal or screech, and is often caused by an overall gain level (for the PA system) that is too high.
Audio feedback is never desirable in any live entertainment situation, as it causes an annoyance to audience and affects the overall “live show” experience negatively. Sound engineers often use tools such as graphic equalizers, parametric equalizers and notch filters in order to prevent feedback from occurring.
That is all I have for you today. I hope you can now make the distinction between various PA systems, and know when to use them appropriately!
Do leave a comment or question below, and share if you like!


iseek is an Australian owned cloud, data centre and connectivity provider. Specialising in enterprise cloud, robust data centres and managed connectivity. Established in 1998, iseek is a trusted provider that has been operating for 20 years. Our purpose-built and engineered data centres provide a robust foundation for our network solutions interconnected via redundant high speed inter-capital links, in addition to high capacity Internet connections via multiple tier 1 carriers. Our services are also backed by industry-leading Service Level Guarantees ensuring maximum performance, availability and operation of your business-critical systems.


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These days most businesses rely on computer technology. In addition, a company which has more than two computers is apt to have an office network which connects all of their office computers to one server. When there are issues with the server it usually means there are problems for the entire network and this can cause a business delay and the rescheduling of important work. This is the reason all businesses networks should have server monitoring hardware.This sort of hardware can be set up by a qualified Information Technology specialist. People with technical knowledge can also install this hardware with no professional help. After the hardware has been installed and set up, it will provide the network with security and make sure it is running as it should.Monitoring software and hardware should be used because each of these has an important part in keeping the network free of problems. Software will protect the network against hackers who could steal valuable information from the business. Good monitoring software checks the system on a regular basis and makes sure everything is running as efficiently as possible. If a problem is detected the server will be alerted.The size of the network should be considered when purchasing the hardware. It should be able to handle the sort of network which it is being bought for and the hardware should be of good quality. An Internet search can be conducted to learn about particular models and brands of server hardware. There will be many reviews on this type of hardware and users will give a wide range of views on the good and bad points of different brands of monitoring hardware. This information helps anyone who is searching to find the hardware that will do the best job for the money.Having the correct server monitoring hardware and software to keep an eye on the performance of the server is very essential. A person who is in charge of the network and who does not keep on top of the network server’s performance can be placing the business in jeopardy. Network software and hardware will keep hackers out of the network and will monitor computer glitches and all other problems which could wreak havoc on the network. A business owner who is wise will take the time to select the correct hardware for the network. It is vital to ensure the chosen hardware is well-suited with the network and made with high quality and durable components.


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From Netmask to subnets and addresses for each subnet
I write this tutorial without starting from the networking origins, assuming you have already read something about IPv4 addresses, network addresses, broadcast addresses and network mask addresses. If you still do not know anything, I refer to “Computer clipboard Free”, whose link can be found in our “Links.”
Probably like me you’re a little ‘messed up at least in the first moments with the IP addresses, especially regarding private networks. Specifically, I asked myself: how do you, given a network mask, you know how many subnets in the network breaks down, how many IP addresses you can use for each subnet? Well, thinking about it a bit ‘I wrote two formulette to derive this data easily.
For example, given the netmask 255.255.255.248 (so 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000, to 29bit), this tells us that the last subnet of the network address and will start from xxx248 to xxx255. So xxx248 will be the address of the last subnet; by xxx249 to xxx254 will be available IP addresses to hosts on the subnet; and xxx255 will be the broadcast address of the last subnet. Then we see a constant change in the number of IP addresses. We can find this constant change, I call module, executing: module = 256 – ultimo_ottetto_netmask So it will be: module = 256-248 = 8 The 256 is explained by the fact that IP addresses do not start at 1 but 0 and then the total IP does not but are 255 256 (0 to 255). Adding the number of IP addresses in the example above we have: 1 subnet (xxx248), 6 usable (from xxx249 to xxx254) and 1 broadcast (xxx255) = 8 TOTAL ADDRESSES (module). Knowing this we can say that the first subnet will go from ip xxx0 to xxx7, the second from xxx8 to xxx15, the third from xxx16 to xxx23, etc. …. so we know that for every subnet we will have 6 IP ADDRESSES fOR tHE HOST, since 2 (the network and broadcast) are reserved. Now that the network mask know how many hosts per subnet can we connect, we should ask how many subnets we can exploit. To know the exact number simply divide the total number of IP (256) for the module: n_sottoreti = 256 / module in our case: n_sottoreti = 256/8 = 32 subnets So we know the two basic criteria and to create our own network: number of subnets that we can use and how many hosts per subnet can we connect. With Netmask 255.255.255.248 we will have 32 subnets for 6 each PC. Byez


What are people liters laser marking machine installation requirements?
Today, as an emerging identification equipment of laser marking machine, with its excellent performance by the vast number of customer recognition, which can be used in different industries;
Laser marking machine is beaten out with a laser beam in different kinds of material surface.
Last time for everybody working principle of optical fiber laser marking machine, the following people to you about the laser marking machine installation requirements: 1, before installing the laser marking machine, to keep your body clean, as far as possible;
In the 10 ℃ to 35 ℃ environment, dry, dust-free optical equipment.
Usually need to ensure that independent closed workshop, to ensure that the indoor temperature, the ground should be floor coating or ceramic tile, installation of air conditioning.
2, the client shall provide the main power supply support, at least to 2500 w single-phase ac power supply, and laser marking machine must be installed in the main power supply air switch, protection;
The triangle plug is strictly prohibited.
3, provide the main power supply must be with the ground, it is forbidden to connect the virtual.
4, using deionized water circulation cooling water tank, if there is no deionized water, distilled water can be used instead of;
Circulating cooling water in use after a period of time, should change in time,
At least two weeks water)
In order not to affect the efficiency of the laser.
5, after installing optical bench baffle, and semiconductor red light indicator.
As a result of the laser light is not visible to the naked eye, so use red laser as the light path of the benchmark.
Red light must be subdivided with laser, so the red light path parallel to the optical bench, highly consistent with the center of the YAG rod high.
6, fixed damper before laser marking machine: before installation, by adjusting the red light is used to baffle the very centre of the light hole injection.
Above is to install some asked for laser marking machine, the laser marking machine is mainly applied to some more fine and higher accuracy required.
Such as electronic components, integrated circuits (
, electrical appliances, mobile communications, hardware, tools, accessories, precision instruments clocks and watches, glasses, jewelry accessories, auto parts, plastic buttons, building materials, PVC pipe.


Do not select the one with Bonjour in the Kind column. Follow the section appropriate to your computer’s operating system. Doing so may cause malfunction. Click No both times it appears. After you have confirmed the setting, this information is sent to the printer. To ensure that the installation works correctly click here for some simple instructions to follow before starting to install the printer.
|Nom:||pilote scan epson stylus sx230|
|Système d’exploitation:||Windows, Mac, Android, iOS|
|Licence:||Usage Personnel Seulement|
A wireless access point is required for infrastructure mode wireless networking. Once all items are ‘Complete’, click Next. Disponible à la fois sur ordinateur Windows et macOS et mobile Android et iOSTeamviewer est un utilitaire permettant de prendre le contrôle d’un appareil à distance, via Internet. Ex230 the other end to any available LAN port on your wireless router, access point, or hub. If you are part of a large network such as a corporate network and have multiple printers on the network, the printer can be identified by the MAC address.
If you don’t have access to a LAN port on your wireless router, access point, or hub, connect the printer’s Ethernet cable directly to your computer’s LAN port. If you need to wpson an IP Address as may be required on a corporate networkclick on the Change button.
Je cherche le pilote pour mon scanner epson stylus sx 230 [Fermé]
Epson products with integrated Wi-Fi connectivity no external print csan Register now We respect your privacy. Do not turn off the printer or disconnect the Ethernet cable.
Select one of the following: Here you can choose if a memory card inserted in the memory card slot on the printer can scaj accessed and the level of access i. Check the wireless router, sometimes this information is on a sticker on the underneath of the router.
This will launch the Sthlus Easy Network Setup wizard. When network connection settings fail, a red indicator is displayed. Restore the printer to the default settings then click Start Again: Epsson you have confirmed the setting, this information is sent to the printer. If an encryption key is not set, you will not see this pklote. Wait for the process to complete.
Support & Downloads – Epson Stylus SX – Epson
Follow the on-screen instructions. On an unprotected network, your data may be vulnerable to third party interception, etc.
Sxx230 Network as the connection method, and then click Next. Do not change network settings while accessing the memory card. Signaler Commenter la réponse de zipe A wireless access point is piolte for infrastructure mode wireless networking. To continue, click the radial beside Agree and then click Next.
At the next stage, you will be asked to confirm the current IP Address. Make sure that the printer’s Ethernet epspn is still connected. For more information and for registration, please click here.
Click on More Printers. You will be asked if you want to install the ‘ Recommended ‘ software. For instructions on xtylus to print a status sheet see the Zcan Articles section or click here. The MAC address can be found on the printer’s network status sheet for instructions see the Related Articles section or click here.
Je cherche le pilote pour mon scanner epson stylus sx
Wait while the printer connects to your Wireless Local Area Network. To ensure that the installation works correctly click here for some simple instructions to follow before starting to install the printer.
Restore the printer to the default settings then click Start Again:. If you only connect to one Wireless Local Area Network, then a good stylud of this zcan if Internet access is available.
To use this configuration method, your computer must be connected to the network wirelessly, and your computer’s Ethernet connection must be set to obtaining an IP Address automatically. If you see the message « The printer was not piloote make sure the printer is powered on and check that the wireless router, access point, or hub ecan on and Ethernet cable is connected properly.
You see the following screen.


Telecommunications Consumer Education and Training Program
How VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) / Internet Voice Works
VoIP services convert your voice into a digital signal that travels over the Internet. If you are calling a regular phone number, the signal is converted to a regular telephone signal before it reaches the destination. VoIP can allow you to make a call directly from a computer, a special VoIP phone, or a traditional phone connected to a special adapter. In addition, wireless "hot spots" in locations such as airports, parks, and cafes allow you to connect to the Internet and may enable you to use VoIP service wirelessly.
Is there a difference between making a Local Call and a Long Distance Call? Some VoIP providers offer their services for free, normally only for calls to other subscribers to the service. Your VoIP provider may permit you to select an area code different from the area in which you live. It also means that people who call you may incur long distance charges depending on their area code and service.
Some VoIP providers charge for a long distance call to a number outside your calling area, similar to existing, traditional wireline telephone service. Other VoIP providers permit you to call anywhere at a flat rate for a fixed number of minutes.
What Are Some Advantages of VoIP?
What Are some disadvantages of VoIP?If you're considering replacing your traditional telephone service with VoIP, there are some possible differences:
Does the FCC Regulate VoIP?
In June 2005 the FCC imposed 911 obligations on providers of “interconnected” VoIP services – VoIP services that allow users generally to make calls to and receive calls from the regular telephone network. You should know, however, that 911 calls using VoIP are handled differently than 911 calls using your regular telephone service. Please see our consumer fact sheet on VoIP and 911 services at www.voip911.gov for complete information on these differences.
In addition, the FCC requires interconnected VoIP providers to comply with the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (CALEA) and to contribute to the Universal Service Fund, which supports communications services in high-cost areas and for income-eligible telephone subscribers. Aspects of these considerations may change with new developments in internet technology. You should always check with the VoIP service provider you choose to confirm any advantages and limitations to their service. http://www.fcc.gov/voip/
For more information on VOIP go to: http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/consumerfacts/voip.html


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The FL20-IA model is a communication headset which has active sound reduction integrated, significantly improving the headset’s level of passive sound reduction (20dB).
All headsets from the FL20 range have a flip-away dome and replaceable parts for quick and easy repairs – a real mark of modern design, innovation and high quality.
- Active Noise Reduction (ANR) up to +20dB
- Light (240gr)
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- Microphone left or right side
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- XLR5 connector
- ETSO / TSO C139A
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Noise-cancelling, can be worn on the left or right
Flip-back eardome and replaceable parts
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.


Shenzhen Hua Yi Teng Technology (HYTadapter) is among the leading power supply manufacturers in China. Our wide product range and state-of-the-art technology give us a competitive edge over our competitors. Apart from the power supply, we offer
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Efficiently powerful, effortlessly fast ZenFone 4 combines incredible performance, optimized power efficiency, and advanced connectivity with security and convenience features to deliver a mobile experience like no other. The latest Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 630 Mobile Platform with 4GB of RAM offers dramatically faster CPU and GPU performance for all of your apps and games. ZenFone 4 supports Category 12/13 4G LTE Advanced technology and 802.11ac dual-band Wi-Fi with MIMO for blazingly fast network connectivity in any situation. Built-in NFC enables convenient mobile payments with Android Pay, and a front-mounted fingerprint reader offers improved security and faster phone unlocking. Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 630* Mobile Platform 4GB* RAM 64GB ROM Up to 600Mbps* Cat 12/13 LTE 2.4GHz & 5GHz Dual-band Wi-Fi NFC* support Fingerprint sensor 0.3S unlock * Specs may vary by countries and models.


Amadea is delighted to announce that October 2012 you will be able to enjoy complimentary internet access throughout the entire resort. This brand new service will be available on a 24 hour basis either through Wi-Fi connection or using LAN network in your comfortable room and throughout the resort.
Access to the internet has become a lifestyle essential in today’s modern world for business as well as pleasure. To anticipate this growing need, our aim is to keep abreast with the very latest in communication technology for the convenience of all in-house guests. So now it is possible for you to keep in touch with family members and the office back home during your time at Amadea.
And for those of you who forget to pack a laptop, tablet or smart phone – don’t despair! We have two computer terminals a the Lobby Lounge available for quick browsing, emails and facebook updates.


The integration of advanced technologies in customer service and support systems has led to the potential for significant changes in day-to-day customer interactions. Implementing AutoMax Contact Centers can help customer-facing professionals have seamless customer interaction. The primary goal of contact centers is to offer exceptional customer service, whether focused on inbound calls, outbound calls, SMS, […]
In this technological era, new advancements and improvements are heading within call centers and business customer support centers. The emergence of advanced innovations like artificial intelligence and data analytics has become the pivotal drivers of change in this industry. In this quickly growing digital era, the modern customers require to have their issues resolved promptly […]
The modern business atmosphere needs dynamic and flexible modes of operation to keep the employees engaged and increase productivity. Businesses require flexible and remote work options to maintain continuity during times of uncertainty. AutoMax Contact Center unifies all your business communication needs under one cohesive system. This includes chat, email, audio and video conferencing, cloud […]
Unified Communication trends are evolving. It merges communication platforms and applications under a single umbrella. Let’s know about UC trends.
When the pandemic caused a sudden hit to the workforce, businesses continued to switch to new and advanced technologies. During the beginning of unprecedented times, there was a sudden shuttering of offices, global lockdown, and canceling work-related travel. The businesses had to undergo a period of challenges and struggle to keep flowing with uncertainty. Still, […]
It’s hard for us to think back about the days we used to commute to the office, the cloud was just optional and video conferencing stayed only for international clients. Things have changed in the blink of an eye. The unexpected pandemic outburst has forced employees to adopt work from home and manage to […]
Incident Management System has become a vital aspect of the success of every organization. Every organization should adopt an incident management system to handle the different stages of incident management and empower the bottom line of every organization. Incident response is a process rather than an isolated event. To make the incident response successful, team […]
The vast communication technologies allow businesses to improve communications with clients, partners, and fellow employees. But this broad range of different communication channels makes business communications challenging to manage. The shift to unified communication solutions solves this by using various collaboration tools more efficiently in a single platform. The goal of unified communications is to […]


Mobile phone detection cameras have now gone live in NSW to target illegal mobile phone use while driving.
As a result, some local truckies have been asking, "If it's illegal to hold a mobile phone while driving, is it also illegal to hold a CB microphone while driving?". This is also relevant to radio hobbyists and tradies who use CB radio.
The answer can be found in Rule 300 of the NSW Road Rules, which states that:
"The driver of a vehicle must not use a mobile phone while the vehicle is moving, or is stationary but not parked…"
However, the definition of "mobile phone" does not include a CB radio or any other two-way radio.
This means that using a hand-held CB microphone is not illegal under the legislation that bans the use of mobile phones while driving. So long as the driver still has proper control of the vehicle, there is no wrongdoing.
Having said that, mobile phone detection cameras use artificial intelligence to detect mobile phone use and we all know that artificial intelligence isn't always so intelligent!
It is certainly possible that the cameras could analyse an image of a driver using a CB radio and place that driver in the list of potential offending drivers. The image would then go to a human to review.
We would assume that a CB microphone would be obvious to any reviewer (especially where there is a visible microphone cable), but just like artificial intelligence humans don't always get it right!
If you or someone you know is issued with a penalty notice for a traffic offence that you feel that you have not committed, do not hesitate to contact our friendly team at Kenny Spring on 1800 650 656. We're here to help!
Aaron Strickland | Solicitor


EHID for developers
Do you just want to use EHID? Then please visit the page EHID for end-users.
The EHID provides an abstraction layer for communication between applications and simulation hardware.
Situation before EHID
In the simulation area there is no defined interface between proprietary hardware and proprietary software. Each manufacturer of simulation hardware needs to provide and maintain different drivers with varying features for the various simulators such as MS FS9, MS FSX or X-Plane. On the other hand there are many authors of extensions which gives various functions a more realistic design. This in turn must be addressed separately by different methods for each simulator.
At least the Microsoft flight simulators can be influenced using the well-known FSUIPC by Peter Dawson. Giving access to a set of variables of the flight simulator it fails to make a dedicated access to individual switches, buttons and other controls in an airplane.
This precisely is the EHID difference.
Situation with EHID
The EHID creates a well-documented interface which allows to address individual hardware components without contributing additional functional logic.
This means a switch with three switching positions will have the values 0,1 or 2 independently from other objects, the history or any kind of operating mode. The EHID detects the position of the switch and always sends a message to the application when the switch changes its position. It also works the other way around. The application instructs the EHID e.g. to switch an LED on and the EHID takes care that the LED is turned on.
Each control element of an B737 and an A320 cockpit, whether switch, indicator, brake, throttle or instrument needle is assigned an unique number which is documented graphically. This allows an application to easily address specific functions and a matching device can easily connect to the real world.
Following this approach hardware developers will just need to implement a single implementation for EHID and software developers do not have to deal with the characteristics of a hardware device or its interface driver.
Virtual devices with EHID
Each simulator provides a specific configuration. There is not all equipment available and not every possible extension is installed. As an additional feature EHID defines virtual devices. These devices receive output events and a switch status can be scanned without a physical device is present. As soon as a suitable device is connected the EHID takes care on all required adjustments without any special functions to be provided by the individual developers.
Simultaneously other programs may address the virtual device. This enables the realisation of GUI-based devices which behaves the same to the application like the real device.
Modules in EHID
In addition applications, drivers and others EHID based programs can be plugged in as modules. Thus the EHID is extended with additional functions as if they were integrated directly.
A key to this are virtual objects that are also the basis for the virtual devices. They serve as placeholders as long as the actual object is not connected to the EHID. But they can also represent abstract functions and as such define objects, that do not provide any actual operating device. Thus for example the pressure of a hydraulic circuit may be represented.
By using virtual objects it is possible to implement a defined interface between different modules on a more complex level. For example, a module could implement the functions of the radio system and as such take care on the frequency changing of the different NAV radios. An application can then be limited to the actual functionality. How the user has entered the frequency at which radio is no longer of interest.
In addition there is the possibility to address objects by several applications at the same time. Thus, the module of a different manufacturer may be used as a basis to implement additional functions or to modify the behaviour of existing ones with an own separate module.
How the EHID works
The EHID is an application for the Windows system. All communication with the EHID works over TCP/IP, providing the option to start and address several EHID on different machines. The application connecting to the EHID can be written in every programming language and run on any platform as long as TCP/IP communication is possible.
Unique identification of individual objects is done by a 32-bit object ID which can be extended to 64-bit or more if necessary. A few messages allow changes of values by specifying the object ID. Wildcards are also supported, to set more than one event simultaneously. As soon as an input element changes, the EHID sends a message to the corresponding object ID to the application.
To help manufacturers of applications and modules to use EHID we offer a complete development kit with sample applications and source code for modules and a complete set of documentation.
In addition EHID provides the facility for rights management using certificates and keys. Every software manufacturer can determine individually to whom and to which extent he makes the functions available and for how long. Using the license tools available from us licenses for full versions and free demo versions with limited functionality or limited duration can be generated. For this we use cryptographically secure methods with sufficient long keys.


Are there any steps that need to be performed on an old HMC before moving a server to a new HMC?
This technote is written for customers that use DHCP on their HMC’s private network to connect to the Power servers. Before you physically remove your older Power5, Power6 or Power7 server connections from their existing HMC and move them to the new HMC you will need to first perform a logically remove so they will be ready to connect to a new HMC and get a DHCP lease.
If you just move the physical connections from one HMC to another without removing the logical connection first then the servers might not connect to the new HMC or take a long time doing so.
Performing a Logical Remove
To remove the connection you used the Connections task menu and the sub-menu item is
“Reset or remove connection”.
Take the remove option to remove the server connection from their existing HMC.
Navigation through the GUI would be through following task option menus
–> Select server
—> Expand Connections task menu
—-> Click on Reset or remove connection
—–> Use the remove option and press OK to remove the system
The command line option to do a remove has following syntax
rmsysconn -o remove –ip <FSP IP address to remove>
You can see the IP addresses of the flexible service processor (FSP) for a managed system by running
lssysconn -r all
If you use the rmsysconn command instead of the HMC GUI then make sure you remove all IP addresses associated with the server.
Perform the physical connections to new HMC
After you logically remove a system from an existing HMC, physically move the cable over to the new HMC’s private switch.
Perform command to prepare HMC for new connections
On the new HMC you might need to run following command.
mksysconn -o auto
It will take several minutes for the server to show up on the new HMC, and when it does it will be as an IP address in state Failed Authentication. You can use the update password task to authenticate the HMC with the server using the appropriate HMC access password for the server.


Mobile data allows you to go online even when you don’t have a Wifi connection. Mobile-enabled devices can send and receive information over a wireless cellular connection. Mobile data usage is measured in megabytes (MB) and gigabytes (GB), with their being 1,000 MB in 1 GB of data. Everything you send to (upload) or receive from (download) the internet requires some amount of data.
The cost of mobile data
Your phone provider will charge you for your data usage. Different rates are often offered to customers based on the amount of data they are allowed each month. On average, customers use about 500 MB of data per month.
Phone providers also offer unlimited data plans where a flat rate is charged for an unlimited allowance of data use. However, it should be noted that some providers often ‘throttle’ data, in other words, they slow down your connection once you hit a certain level of data usage.
Reducing your data usage
The easiest way to reduce your data usage is to simply turn off your mobile data in your settings. Even when you’re not actively using your phone, apps updating can drain your data if you leave it on. You can also go into your settings and turn off background data use for certain apps such as for maps, social media or video streaming. Have a look at the cellular usage for each app and see which apps use up the most data.
Some mobile providers will also offer customers options to set caps and alerts on their data use. This will put warnings or alerts on your phone when you are reaching your limit for the month.


Lanix offers comprehensive network and server security to protect your entire organisation across all of your locations: headquarters, branches and remote offices, as well as, secure your mobile users.
Lanix offers the latest next-gen firewall protection you need including mobile, web, endpoint email encryption and DLP. The equipment is a single all-in-one unit with a dashboard as a portal to allow simple and effective management of your entire network security.
END USER PROTECTION
Lanix employs a ‘Lock Down Every Endpoint’ principle to keep your Windows, Mac and Linux systems protected against virus, malware, theft, targeted attacks and accidental data loss. The smart cloud management provides full and end point protection for desktops, laptops, mobile devices, data, web and email – all with a single license.
Our server security work seamlessly with virtual platforms. As soon as it detects malware, the files will be immediately quarantined. The clean-up agent will immediately deploy to the infected guest’s virtual machine to discover and remove all remnants of the threat, both on the disk and in the memory. All events will be recorded on the easy managed cloud Enterprise Console.
Lanix has a specialised team in delivering secured, optimised, guaranteed Wi-Fi network solutions. Our consultants plan and design Wi-Fi networks. We produce validated designs that guarantee Wi-Fi coverage, capacity, performance and reliability.
USER SECURITY AWARENESS
Lanix works with a group of reputable partners who are specialised in user security assessment and training. The services are delivered through comprehensive penetration testing, security auditing, configuration reviews and vulnerability remediation. Training will be provided to all staff, from standard desktop users to the board level executives.


What is the Hub definition? What is hub concentrator?
When referring to a computer network , a hub is the most basic network device that connects many computers or other network devices together. Unlike switch switches or routers , network hubs do not have a routing or smart table of where to send information and broadcast all network data on each connection.
Today there are very few Hub manufacturers, but instead are Switch products to use that you can refer to as (danh mục sản phẩm tiêu biểu thay hub) Industrial Ethernet Switch: Cisco 2960+ Fast Ethernet : Cisco 9200L Gigabit Ethernet : Cisco 2960X Gigabit Ethernet
Most hubs can detect basic network errors such as collisions, but transmitting any information transmitted to multiple ports can be a security and congestion risk. In the past, network hubs were popular because they were cheaper than a switch or router. Today, switches do not cost more than a hub and are a better solution for any network.
A hub, also called a network hub, is a common connection point for devices on the network. Hubs are devices commonly used to connect segments of the LAN. The center contains many gates. When a packet arrives at a port, it is copied to other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
What does the hub do? Hub’s cons?
Hub and switch act as a central connection for all your network devices and handle a data type called frames. Frame brings your data. When it receives a frame, it is amplified and then transmitted to the port of the destination computer.
In a hub concentrator , a frame is transmitted or “broadcast” to all its ports. It does not matter that the frame is destined for only one port. The hub has no way to tell which ports to send. Passing it to all ports ensures that it will reach its intended destination. This puts a lot of traffic on the network and can lead to poor network response time.
Compared to a standard switch, a hub is slower because it can send or receive information not only at the same time, but often costs more than a hub.
Passive Hub, Smart Hub, Hub and Switch
A passive Hub serves simply as a conduit for data, allowing it to go from one device (or segment) to another. The so-called Smart Hub includes additional features that allow administrators to monitor traffic passing through the hub and configure each port in the hub. Smart hubs are also called manageable hubs.
A third type of hub, called a hub switch, actually reads the destination address of each packet and then forwards the packet to the correct port.
Hub for small businesses
The hub can be used as a standalone device or connected to compatible hubs and switches to form a larger network. Hubs are generally easy to install and maintain, making these devices a good choice for home networks. A hub is also easily configured for small business networks.
Some technicians tend to use the terms router, switch and hub interchangeably, but have you ever wondered what the difference is?
Some technicians tend to use the terms router, hub and switch interchangeably. One minute they are talking about a switch and discuss the next router settings. However, during the conversation, they still see only one box. Have you ever wondered what is the difference between these devices?
The functions of the three devices – routers, switches and hubs – are all different, even if they are integrated into a single device. What device do you use and when do you use it?
What is the role of the hub? What is the function of the hub?
Each device acts as a Hub connection for all your network devices and processes a data type called frames. Frame brings your data. When it receives a frame, it is amplified and then transmitted to the port of the destination computer. The big difference between these two devices is the method in which the frame is distributed.
In a hub, a frame is transmitted or “broadcast” to all its ports. It does not matter that the frame is destined for only one port. The hub has no way to tell which ports to send. Passing it to all ports ensures that it will reach its intended destination. This puts a lot of traffic on the network and can lead to poor network response time.
In addition, a 10 / 100Mbps hub must share its bandwidth with each and all its ports. So when there is only one broadcast PC, it will have access to the maximum available bandwidth. However, if multiple computers are broadcasting, that bandwidth will need to be shared among all those systems, which will reduce performance.
However, a switch keeps a record of the MAC addresses of all devices connected to it. With this information, a switch can determine which system is sitting on which port. So when a frame is received, it knows exactly which port to send it to, without significantly increasing the network response time.
And, unlike a hub, a 10 / 100Mbps switch will fully allocate 10 / 100Mbps for each of its ports. Therefore, regardless of the number of computers transferred, users will always have access to the maximum amount of bandwidth. It is for these reasons that a switch is considered to be a much better option than a hub.
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The world is a much more dangerous place to live in that it was twenty years ago. Nowadays, every citizen needs to take steps to make sure that they, their loved ones and businesses are safe. Phone number location tracking is a major step in that direction.
Did you know that 1 in 12 women are stalked in their lives? Those strange numbers calling your home may not be so random after all. And what about that strange number that keeps calling one of your employees? You need to be able to track down the location of such numbers for safety reasons.
The question for most people is: How do you track down the location of a phone number? Luckily, advancements in technology mean that there are many ways you can do that. Just having the phone number allows you to track it online easily, fast, and free.
Here, we will show you 6 ways to do just that. We will also show you how you can get much more information than over a longer period, get location history as well as real-time location data using NEXSPY.
- 1 How to track a phone location for free?
- 2 1. Locateanumber.com
- 3 2. Phone-location.info
- 4 3. Imap-app.com
- 5 4. Truecaller.com
- 6 5. Mobile Number Tracker Pro
- 7 6. Mobile Number Locator
- 8 How to track cell phone location and get real-time alert using NEXSPY?
- 9 Why tracking a cell phone by number barely works?
- 10 The best way to track a phone for free
- 11 NEXSPY is the best option for location tracking
- 12 Conclusion
How to track a phone location for free?
This is a website that can find the location of the phone associated with a phone number you’re interested in. It can do this from anywhere in the world and is completely free of charge.
The way it achieves this is through a phone’s SIM card. This is also called a subscriber identity module. In normal circumstances, your phone constantly sends out data to nearby cell towers. Anyone who can get in on this data can track your phone wherever it goes, so long as it is on.
Locateanumber.com also uses trilateration to mathematically calculate the positioning of a particular device. This is the same process that GPS systems use. It involves using the positioning of satellites, cell towers, and even other devices to calculate the exact position of the device.
This can be achieved remotely, or it might require calling the number to trace back the signal. Either way, it is a quick way to get the location of a number quickly, for free and without having to go through a lot of hurdles.
This is a service with many features available to users. There are basic location services for phone numbers, lost phone tracking, location of loved ones, geofencing, among others.
The way it works is through SS7 signal interception. In layman’s terms, it intercepts signals being sent and received by the target phone to find out its location.
Phone-location.info is user-friendly and does not have a lot of steps to carry out. However, it does require one to sign up in order to access its services. The premium features require a subscription, such as geofencing and tracking multiple phones.
Being an online service, a lot of boxes have to be ticked for this service to work. First, the phone has to be on. It has to be active on the network (not in airplane mode) for at least a short time to enable the system to get a lock on its GPS. Even then, its effectiveness is not assured.
This is an app that you can download for iOS and Android. It offers several functions, including finding the location of any number by sending an SMS. Apart from that, it offers phone tracking services for those devices.
If you do not have the app installed on the target device, you can still access a variety of options. For example, you can send an SMS message to the number that can allow you to track their location data.
The SMS message contains a link that if the user clicks, will lead to their location data being made available to you. It allows you to access their GPS through which you can then monitor their location data.
However, for best results, the app itself needs to be installed on the target device as well. This allows for much deeper tracking capabilities such as location history and geofencing. You can even get some level of remote control with this app.
The app is available for free both for Android and iOS. You can also access it through PC.
This is the world’s best-known caller identification service. It is the most popular, with over 200 million people using it all over the world. The reason for this is that it is simple, intuitive, and it works.
With Truecaller.com, you simply type in a phone number and search. It will return the names, email, photo, alternative contacts and sometimes even the location of the user.
The data that Truecaller.com has is crowdsourced from all the hundreds of millions of other mobile phones. Someone somewhere has this information saved on their phone, you will get it.
The one major shortcoming of Truecaller.com is that it relies on information that other people have. This means that location data may not be available. Also, if it is a new number, it will have no information about it.
All the same, if you want instant information about a strange number, then Truecaller.com is the place to start. It is free, and will only take seconds. It is accessible as an app for smartphones, both iOS, and Android. You can also access the service on their website.
Truecaller.com also offers services like contact blocking and can also function as a calling service, just like your default phone software.
5. Mobile Number Tracker Pro
For iPhone and iPad users, this is an app that was developed to look for and display data about a phone number. This includes the identity of the user, city (location), mobile carrier and other details associated with the number.
The app needs to be installed on the target phone too so that it can get location data. It also needs to have location settings on and allowed so that it can share this information.
This app would be useful for someone in legal authority, like a parent. They can install this app on their kid’s phone and can then track them down whenever they want.
Without having this app installed on the target phone, the information that gets displayed is carrier info as well as any other publicly available data on the phone number. This information is obtained from databases maintained in various countries.
What makes this app great is that it is among the most popular on the Apple Store. It has a wide database of carriers covering over 200 countries. Besides, it is very customizable, can be used to make calls and send texts, and can be used for location monitoring.
6. Mobile Number Locator
This one is for Android users. If you wish to track the location of any phone number, whether known or unknown, all you need to do is to type in the phone number in the app.
The mobile number locator also lets you select a number from your contacts or call logs. It displays common information such as caller ID, carrier information, the identity of the owner of the phone number among others.
Mobile number locator also claims to show the location of the phone number that is calling, but that is a claim that we cannot substantiate. Most likely, just like the rest of the location apps, it needs you to have installed the app on the other phone as well for it to work.
If that is not the case, we have noticed that the app tends to give the same (wrong) location, no matter what phone number you search.
However, if you just want caller ID services, then Mobile Number Locator is a good option.
Read also – What is SpyHuman APP – How to use Spy Human
How to track cell phone location and get real-time alert using NEXSPY?
Why tracking a cell phone by number barely works?
The truth is, getting the location of a phone using just a phone number is very difficult. Modern security measures make it very difficult to simply call a number and determine its location unless you’re an accomplished hacker.
The free online mobile tracker services that simply ask you to type in a phone number and get its location are most likely pulling a fast one on you. While it is true that there are vulnerabilities that can be utilized to find the location of the number, especially through carriers, it is difficult and expensive to do this.
Hackers and law enforcement usually take advantage of flaws in the SS7 protocol to find location data. For example, they can deploy Stingrays near your location. Stingrays are fake cell phone towers that dupe your phone into connecting with them, thus making it easy to intercept all the data sent and received.
Another way that your location can be obtained by number is by getting location data from your carrier. By default, all cell towers will have your current location and update it as you move around so that you can be kept connected to the network at all times. Some rogue carriers can sell this information to third parties for the right price.
A third way would be to use viruses embedded in SMS messages to force your phone to reveal its location.
The bottom line here is that while it is possible to track a phone numberonline, it won’t be easy, and it won’t be free. It takes way too much effort and resources. Most of the online sources claiming to do it for free will not give you location data because they can’t.
The best way to track a phone for free
To track a cell phone by number is not worth the resources it would take. If you want real-time, actionable location data, the only way to do it is to install an app that constantly collects and shares this data.
Some of the apps like Imap-app work on this principle. However, they go about the whole thing in a very amateurish way. For one, they give inaccurate location data. Secondly, they are easily found and removed by the subject.
If you want real, professional tracking services, you need the NEXSPY monitoring app. NEXSPY is the most advanced spying app which once installed on the target device, hides and sends you location data discreetly.
NEXSPY is the best option for location tracking
If you’re a concerned parent or a wise business manager, finding out the location of the phone once is not enough. You need an option that keeps tracking even when you’re not looking. You need software that can analyze this data to give you a virtual map of all places visited, places most visited, and more.
NEXSPY was developed by ex-NSA programmers for just this, and more. Once you fire up NEXSPY, you can track down the target phone to within a few meters. NEXSPY also gives you added capabilities like intercepting text messages, phone calls, chats from messaging apps, among others.Choose your NEXSPY plan
All plans are covered by a no-hassle 100% money-back guarantee for your first 30 days of service.TRY NEXSPY
Even more importantly, NEXSPY is completely discreet. It stays hidden and works silently in the background to collect and send location data. It remains undetectable by all conventional means, which is especially important if you were monitoring a troublesome teenager or some other unwilling party.
Technology has evolved to the point where you can locate a mobile phone online at any time you wish. However, this same technology has vastly improved security measures for all types of phones.
Locating a phone does not work like in the movies where you just type in a number and find its location. It is much more complicated than that, and even law enforcement has to use some roundabout methods to achieve this.
The only way to effectively locate a cell phone location online is to use its GPS, and even this information is not easy to obtain. This is why you need to have an app installed on the target phone that can collect location information on the go.
While many apps purport to do exactly this, you need professional-grade software to get accurate location information. The most advanced currently is NEXSPY. Apart from location information, it also gives you a wide range of information from the target phone.
Do not fall for the scammers who claim that you can track a cell phone by number simply by typing it into a website. Come back to your senses, and start using NEXSPY for peace of mind always.3
Read also –


People are realizing what the iPhone cell’s “E” signal symbol means – it’s not an “emergency” and it’s very important
HAVE you ever spotted a mysterious “E” symbol on your iPhone? It has a strange meaning that might surprise you.
It’s a common sight on iPhones and can reveal very important information about your cellular signal.
If you look at your iPhone cell signal, you’re probably seeing 4G or 5G most of the time — and sometimes 3G.
But you can also see the letter E or its full name: EDGE.
It doesn’t stand for Emergency as some people think, but is an acronym meaning Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution.
It’s quite a mouthful, which explains why it’s briefly reduced to E.
EDGE is actually a type of 2G cellular data and predates widespread 3G adoption – hence it’s sometimes known as 2.75G.
Deployment started around 2003, so EDGE is severely limited in terms of what it can offer you.
It can only deliver a few hundred kilobits of data per second.
That’s barely enough for proper web browsing, let alone streaming in the YouTube app.
You’ll find that your iPhone defaults to E or EDGE when there’s no good 3G, 4G, or 5G signal nearby.
If you see E or EDGE, it might be worth toggling Airplane mode on and off to see if you can connect to a better signal.
Otherwise, you simply need to move to an area with stronger signal strength from a cell tower that offers 3G, 4G, or 5G.
EDGE coverage is very wide worldwide, so chances are you’ve seen it before.
living on the edge
Unfortunately, EDGE is extremely poor in terms of what you can access.
You will find that web browsing is extremely slow.
And your phone may not even work as usual.
Apple notes: “With an EDGE or GPRS connection, incoming calls may be routed directly to voicemail during data transfer.
“For incoming calls that you answer, the data transmission is stopped.
“Depending on your network connection, you may not be able to receive calls while iPhone is transmitting data over the air – for example, when downloading a webpage.
“Data transfer will resume when you end the call.”
So if you want to use your iPhone properly, your best bet is to try moving to a place with a better signal.
Alternatively, you can simply switch to a WiFi connection.
https://www.the-sun.com/tech/7512975/iphone-e-cell-signal-symbol-meaning-edge/ People are realizing what the iPhone cell’s “E” signal symbol means – it’s not an “emergency” and it’s very important


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Time-Warner- Road Runner Business Class offers full service broadband access for businesses large & small in the Albany, New York area. From Wireless broadband access to business internet service, Time Warner Business Class understands and works with your company to deliver the service that fits your needs. Our buisness internet service will provide your buisness with High speed broadband internet so you never have to wait for your internet to load. We are a high speed internet provider with internet broadband access second to none in the Albany, NY area.
If you're thinking of networking the computers in your home, or office you have several options to explore. Contact us learn about the different types of computer networks, how they work and what to keep in mind if you're considering creating one. We are the most reliabe high speed interent provider in the area.
WHAT IS A NETWORK?
A network allows a collection of computers connected to each other. The network allows computers to communicate with each other and share resources and information. The Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA) designed "Advanced Research Projects Agency Network" (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense. It was the first computer network in the world in late 1960's and early 1970's.
Today's Wi-Fi equipment based on the 802.11n standard is often called Draft N gear because 802.11n is not yet a formally ratified industry standard. Most likely, Draft N hardware will comply with official 802.11n and at worst you'll only need to upgrade the firmware on your device(s) to keep them compatible with future Wireless N products. But vendors don't seem to be offering much in the way of financial guarantees
HOW HOME NETWORKING WORKS
Once, home networks were primarily the realm of technophiles -- most families either didn't need or couldn't afford more than one computer. But now, in addition to using computers for e-mail, people use them for schoolwork, shopping, instant messaging, downloading music and videos, and playing games. For many families, one computer is no longer enough to go around. In a household with multiple computers, a home network often becomes a necessity rather than a technical toy.
A home network is simply a
method of allowing computers to communicate with one another. If
you have two or more computers in your home, a network can let them
# Files and documents
# An Internet connection
# Printers, print servers and scanners
# Stereos, TVs and game systems
# CD burners
The different network types
use different hardware, but they all have the same essential
* More than one computer
* Hardware (such as a router) and software (either built in to the operating system or as a separate application) to coordinate the exchange of information
* A path for the information to follow from one computer to another
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TextAlert- Send SMS Alerts with our text message alert service
The TextAlert service enables critical messages conveyed in email form to be translated in to text messages and then sent to a pre-defined list of recipients’ mobile phones as SMS alerts. This service gets critical information on the performance of computer systems in to the palm of those that need to know, quickly and reliably.
Up until now, automatically generated email alerts remain unseen unless the recipients are physically reading their email. Clearly out of hours this is not the case. With TextAlert, a new way of getting critical alerts and important information to the right people is now available.
TextAlert works by providing you with your own email address, on our servers, that you plug in to your IT system or device. Then, when your IT system or device sends an email alert or warning, our systems receive the email, and convert it in to one or more SMS messages and send the messages to your distribution list of recipients.
How can you use it?
- » Pick-up critical, automated email messages from IT systems.
- » Enable Help Desk staff to be warned of system status changes.
- » Ensure support teams are notified of alerts and warnings.
- » Forward important emails from your email Inbox to your phone via SMS.
- » Be alerted on your mobile phone when different events occur.
- » Generate SMS messages from any application that can send email.


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