Digital Media Engineer
Job Vacancy Notice: 2/15/2014
Application Deadline: by 4:00pm CST
JOB SUMMARY: This individual is responsible for the supervision and/or installation of telecommunications equipment by staff and third party vendors. Supports the daily operation of Hawkeye Telecommunications, including classroom video recording and streaming, service and maintenance of distance learning classrooms. Recommends, designs and engineers telecommunications system additions, configurations, upgrades, and bid specifications. Provide technical support for college-wide video data networks for digital and streaming video, requiring knowledge of TCP/IP protocols and scripting. Develops equipment bid specifications. Performs system evaluations, inspections, and reporting as per FCC and college requirements. Consults with Iowa Public Television and similar telecommunications agencies. Serve as system administrator for the Digital Media Library; provide technical support, create authorized digital copies of media, load content, and maintain overall system functionality. Coordinate with Public Safety and Human Resources to support the video portion of the IP Security camera system. Repair electronic equipment related to telecommunications, classroom or conference room technology, or other small electronics. Provide backup technical support of the college’s telecommunications equipment and backup support for ICN video telecommunications equipment in Merged Area VII. Maintain current and in-depth knowledge of video technology including hardware, communications, and networking technologies (LAN, WAN and Wireless), new developments in television and video production, distribution, IP video, digital signage, videoconferencing, and streaming media technologies and related fields. Works flexible hours as needed. Develops and maintains documentation of work processes. Performs other duties as assigned.
QUALIFICATIONS: Bachelor's degree in a Computer or Electronics related field plus two years directly related work experience, or a related Associate’s Degree and four years of directly related work experience Working knowledge and experience with Telecommunications, Television Production systems, IP Video systems, Digital Signage systems, Videoconferencing systems, microcomputer operations, and Streaming Media systems. Detailed knowledge of the design, installation, and maintenance of closed circuit distribution systems and digital signage. Experience with audio/video control and automation systems (Crestron, Extron) in conference room or classroom environments. Experience with digital audio and video codecs, protocols, and transport in routed networks. Experience repairing small electronics such as equipment related to telecommunications, classroom or conference room technology. Adept at learning new technologies and software applications. Ability to work effectively independently and with a team. Excellent communication and customer service skills. Preferences include three or more years work experience with digital audio/video engineering and work experience in an educational setting.
EMPLOYMENT STATUS: Full time position opening with a comprehensive benefits program including health, dental, life, and LTD insurance; a Section 125 plan for medical and dependent care expense; holiday, personal, sick, and vacation leave; and a choice of retirement programs--IPERS (defined benefit) or TIAA-CREF (defined contribution). Salary will be commensurate with the applicant’s education and experience.
Complete an online employment application.
Submit all required application materials by the application deadline. Application materials are required to complete your application.
Veterans and persons with disabilities are encouraged to apply.
If you are in need of any special accommodation in completing the application process, please notify Human Resource Services.
Human Resource Services
Hawkeye Center 101


Whenever newer communication technologies are introduced the service providers come out with lucrative offers and concessions to lure the consuming public and retain them under their control to milk money from them.
The consuming public will stand to gain if the public sector BSNL is also a fitting competitor in the field and competed with the service providers in the private sector. But unfortunately, the BSNL has also become weak. We should also use newer technologies which are in vogue in other countries. But such technologies should not be used with commercial motive.
The spectrum technology benefits only the public sector and is less expensive. But the service providers in the private sector use the technology to mint money. It seems the public is being put under pressure to use the private sector whose strategy is to make a fast buck.
The private sector companies in the telecom sector have devised a strategy not only to make the customers as sureties for the losses suffered by them but also have hiked their service charges by 50 per cent to make huge profits.
The burdening of the customers cannot be avoided unless the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) reins in the service providers in the private sector. At the same time the public sector undertakings in the telecom sector should be strengthened so as to rescue the public from this indirect crisis.
The players in the private sector have been providing 4G spectrum service while other countries across the world have switched over to 5G spectrum service. Even the government, who issues the licence, has not provided the licence to BSNL, its own child, to provide the 4G service to the customers. Services are only requirements. The mentality of services for money making should go.


In today’s world, distance, and location factors have been eliminated by introduction of advanced communication devices including radios. Before the advancements in communication, people found it challenging to contact others especially over long distances. Communication has been enhanced due to technology that has led to introduction of modern devices and systems to get rid of common issues affecting the process. There is a firm which is accredited and has good reputations of providing the best quality radios and other communication devices to customers all over the globe. The firm has been offering these products and services for a long time and ensure to design quality products for their clients.
Apart from giving quality services at friendly prices, the firm also ensures that the devices are reliable, durable and effectively suits the intended purpose. A wide range of devices and equipment is available for clients to choose from that can be applied for various purposes. All kinds of communication devices such as modern devices which are digital and also analog devices can be found at the firm. The firm provides clients with mobile and base antennas and also hardware equipment needed for installing the antennas. Receiver and sender equipment must have antennas to transmit and receive the signals sent by either party.
Experts can be dispatched to assist clients during the process of installing the antennas so that the equipment serves its intended purpose. Accessories for antennas such as mounts and brackets, connectors and the appropriate cables recommended for antennas are also available. Small and portable devices can be acquired from the firm and these devices are very convenient for the clients. A client gets radios and other devices that are most suited for the various conditions without affecting ability to communicate. Some departments including the wildlife guards, fire response teams and others require specialized equipment to suit their purpose.
There are special portable radios designed for the fire response teams, national parks and others to make it easier to communicate. The radios and other communication devices are designed to be waterproof and able to withstand the extreme conditions of their area of application. Government accounts that demand for customized communication devices are also catered for by the firm and offered discounts for each purchase. Repair and maintenance services for the radios, antennas and other communication devices are provided to clients. Clients have unique needs and requirements and this is why the firm gives customized services to each client for satisfaction. The intended purpose of the radio or equipment requires devices having certain properties such as the frequency and radius of reach and these are considered before selling the devices.


Intermediate range laser level transmitter LM80
Intermediate range continuous laser level or position sensor
Based on pulsed laser technology, the LM80 embodies speed and accuracy in a single, easy to use and install product. Whether measuring a few meters into the confined space of a crusher, or to the bottom of the tallest silo, the LM80 with its laser pointer and long range is the plug-and-play solution to level measurement.
The LM80 features advanced timing and sophisticated signal processing for pinpoint accuracy at up to 100 m (330 ft.) for level applications and up to 150 m (500 ft.) for positioning applications.
Maintenance free, non-contact continuous level sensor
Range up to 100 m (330 ft) for level applications
Range up to 150 m (500 ft) for positioning applicationsEasy and intuitive setup
No calibration required
Continuous level monitoring for granular solid materials and opaque liquids
Measures solids and opaque liquids at any angle
Last Pulse Detection for Measurement with Light and Moderate Dust
Built-in laser pointer for accurate alignment in narrow or tall vessels
Auto-ranging to measure all levels
Available non condensing heated optics prevent condensation issues
No Beam Divergence = No False Echoes
Rugged and Robust Aluminum Enclosure
CSA, ATEX and IECEx potentially explosive atmosphere ratings
Many mounting options
Configuration device (LCD2)
Non-condensing optics (heated lens)
Stainless steel housing
The LM80 uses a high speed laser pulse to measure distance. The laser light is emitted towards the surface and some of it reflects back to the instrument where it is detected by a sensitive optical receiver. The time it takes for the light to travel to the surface and back to the instrument is directly proportional to the distance between the instrument and the surface. Using a time-of-flight calculation, and knowing the height of the vessel, the LM80 accurately measures the distance to the target surface using the equation below:
Level = height – speed of light x time-of-flight
The unique characteristics of laser light give the LM80 significant performance advantages over other technologies. The narrow, long range beam can measure both near and far distances while the optical wavelength makes it easy to evaluate applications. If you can see the surface clearly, the LM80 can measure the level.
The characteristic narrow beam divergence of the laser permits direct aiming to the target surface without interference from structure or falling material. With both continuous 4-20 mA and single point relay outputs, the LM80 can operate as a process control sensor while simultaneously providing high and low alarms.
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Introducing the SL Series Analog DC Drives by Sprint Electric, a leading solution in efficient, compact, and reliable motor control.
This range of drives delivers output currents of up to 330A, controlling motors with power ranging from 5kW to 145kW.
These drives are specifically designed to provide maximum value to OEMs, offering the perfect balance of cost-effectiveness, compact size, and high performance.
The SL Series Analog DC Drives come packed with an extensive range of software functions and application blocks, simplifying control and making integration with your systems seamless. They feature RS232 as a standard communication protocol, with additional protocols available to cater to your specific needs.
The SL Series also stands out for its compact size, making it easy to integrate into new designs or retrofit into existing systems.
Additional features include energy efficiency with 4Q models regenerating energy into the mains supply while braking, a built-in field weakener for extended speed range, and user-adjustable input and output signals to cater to a wide range of applications.
The SL Series Analog DC Drives are versatile and are used in a variety of applications due to their flexible design and high performance. Available in 2 Quadrant (single direction, non-regenerative) or 4 Quadrant (dual direction & fully regenerative) options, they can be adapted to various operational needs. The 4Q models are particularly effective in applications where regenerative braking is beneficial, while the compact footprint of the SL Series makes them ideal for situations where space is a constraint.
The SL Series Analog DC Drives can control motors with power ranging from 5kW to 145kW. They deliver output currents of up to 330A.
The SL Series comes with RS232 as a standard communication protocol. However, other communication protocols are available to suit your specific needs.
The SL Series Analog DC Drives are designed and manufactured in the UK, and Betech provide comprehensive technical support to ensure you get the most out of your product.


Industrial & Commercial Electrical Design & Engineering Services
EMF offers premium electrical design services, we hold decades of experience in the engineering, design, fabrication, assembly and troubleshooting of circuit boards, multi-layer boards, radio frequency boards, remote data acquisition and recording devices. EMF also has specialized knowledge of space system and communication structure design. Surface mount and thru hole technologies are employed, providing lead free and legacy lead soldering as well as automated testing procedures. Our services also include concept development, consulting, integration, reverse engineering, project management and functional prototyping. At EMF we are ready to guide our customers through all phases of production from design to manufacturing, for safe and cost-conscious results.
Thorough testing is carried out throughout production, using the latest procedures for functional testing and verification of circuit load capabilities. Always in place are first article documentation, integrated quality control and assurance protocols. EMF is afforded top-secret clearance. We are able to effectively serve private governments and the military. For more details or questions about our electrical design services or other available services and capabilities please contact us directly.


Nokia 8110 has integrated the popular messaging app WhatsApp. And the recent update has reached Indian tech market first. The phone also has slider banana feature which includes slide to answer feature and end calls as well. It also encompasses a helicopter style spin on its axis.
“We’re so happy that our fans in India will get WhatsApp on Nokia 8110; first anywhere in the world,” said Ajey Mehta, Vice President and Country Head – India, HMD Global. The phone was announced by the company back in February 2018 at the event of Mobile World Congress (MWC) in Barcelona.
The phone will cost around Rs. 4,999 and is already a hit in both offline and online markets. The online retailers include Amazon, FlipKart and Nokia’s official website. The mobile includes features such as web-based mobile operating system (OS) KaiOS, the 4G feature phone supports VoLTE calling and comes equipped with pre-loaded Google apps like Assistant, Maps, Search and other apps like Facebook, Outlook and Gmail.


You and your audiologist must consider how the hearing aids you choose can help improve your hearing and your overall quality of life while you are making your choice. A hearing aid with Bluetooth connectivity may serve you best if you’re the type who enjoys listening to music or watching television. If you are the outgoing sort that thrives in conversational settings, you may want to invest in a hearing aid with noise-canceling features.
What are the various hearing aid features?
A wide variety of hearing aids are on the market to accommodate various hearing loss situations. Two primary types are in-the-ear aids and those worn behind the ear (the open-fit kind). Behind-the-ear hearing aids may be better if you have trouble seeing or moving your fingers. A trained audiologist can advise you on which design will work best for your ears and routine. If you are looking for one, you may search “audiology near me” for further details. Here are the different features of hearing aids.
Bluetooth-Enabled Hearing Aids Apps
Hearing aids may now link directly to many Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones, TVs, and other audio devices, allowing you to experience clear sound directly into your ears. An app on your smartphone can turn it into a control center where you can alter the settings on your hearing aids and check the battery life. If you don’t have a smartphone, wireless remote control can help you adjust your hearing settings. This is accessible with many current hearing aids; seek advice from your hearing aid audiologist.
If you need a hearing aid, consider investing in rechargeable batteries instead of single-use ones. Many people like the ease of taking their hearing aids in and out of a charger every night. Rechargeable hearing devices also eliminate the need to change small, finicky hearing aid batteries. They also provide hearing aid services for your maintenance needs.
Acoustic Filtering Technology
Hearing aids are available in various technology levels, from basic to premium. The outside of the hearing aids will remain the same, but the technology may be changed. Hearing aids with sophisticated technology include computer chips that provide additional functionality. Premium hearing aids have the most advanced programming for helping you hear better in noise. These qualities may be significant to you if you live an active lifestyle.
Ear Canal-Inserted Systems
Hearing aids designed for extended usage are inserted in the ear canal and can be worn continuously for several weeks. A specialist in hearing care will take them out and put new ones in their place. You may seek advice from experts for hearing protection in Cole Harbour.
Hearing aids systems known as Bi-CROS are very similar to CROS hearing aids systems, with the exception that the better ear also has some hearing loss. Before sending the sound to the ear with better hearing, the device placed on the ear with poorer hearing amplifies sounds to compensate for the hearing loss.
When a person has one ear close to normal, and one with severe to profound hearing loss, these hearing aid systems are prescribed (unilateral hearing loss). A microphone worn on the side with impaired hearing delivers sound to a receiver worn on the good ear. The sound is sent into the excellent ear by the receiver.
These prosthetic devices can be surgically implanted into the cochlea of patients suffering from severe to profound hearing loss. When someone has a more severe hearing loss, regular hearing aids might not be able to help them as much as they need to, so they might look into getting a cochlear implant instead.


Founded in 2007, Crown Correctional Telephone is a leading provider of secure correctional phone systems for inmate use. Our systems are currently used in municipal and county jails, community correction centers, and substance abuse centers.
To request a bid for your facility, please e-mail email@example.com or call 1-866-933-2150.
Friends & Family
To set-up a phone account, please call our billing partner (NCIC Operator Services) at 1-800-943-2189.
NOTE: Before calling, please verify with the facility that Crown Correctional Telephone is the phone provider for the facility where you want to set up the account.
For billing inquiries for charges by NCIC on your business or home phone bill, please call 1-800-382-2887.


We can supply anti vandal Surface Acoustic Wave Touch Screen.
SAW Touch screen technology: Surface Acoustic Wave technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touch screen panel. When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed. This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the position of the touch event and sends this information to the controller for pr Cessing. Because the panel is all glass there are no layers that can be worn, giving this technology the highest durability factor and also the highest clarity. This technology is recommended for public information kiosks, computer based training, or other high traffic indoor environments.
SAW touch screen specification: Touch Type: Surface Acoustic Wave touch screen Screen Sizes: 8"-29" Diagonal Cable Interface: PC Serial/COM Port or USB Port Touch Resolution: 	4096 x 4096 Response Time: 10 ms. maximum Activation Force: 10-100 grams per square centimer Positional Accuracy: 2mm maximum error Light Transmission: 90 % -92% Scratch Resistance: 3H pencil hardness Life Expectancy: Over30 million Temperature: Operating Temperature: -10 C ~+60 C Storage Temperature: -20 C ~ +70 C Choices of Glass Thickness: 0.7mm, 1.1mm, 2.0mm, 3.0mm, 5.5mm, Normal Glass, Chemically strengthened glass Chemical Resistance: Alcohol, acetone, grease, and general household detergent Software Drivers: 	Windows XP / 2000 / NT / ME / 98 / 95, Linux, Mac OS
but Dimension only 8.4"touch screen, 10.4touch screen, 12.1touch screen, 14"touch screen, 15" touchscreen, 17" touch screen, 19" touch screen, 21" touch screen, 25"touch screen, 29" touch screen. no small size.


American cable and telecommunications companies are not in short supply, and Charter Communications is one of the largest with nearly 6 million business and consumer subscribers. Charter email is also a premier provider of cable services as well as residential telephone lines. In 1995, Charter bought Crown Media, which brought Cable South with it and two years later EarthLink joined Charter to provide high-speed Internet access specifically to customers in the far west. Charter continues to broker deals with AT&T and others in an effort to continue growth without the heavy infrastructure costs incurred with an internal fiber optic cable network. In 2014 came the coup – acquisition of Time Warner Cable and millions of additional subscribers.
Some of the things that Charter email is known for are the fast connection speeds, up to 100 Mpbs in some areas, unfortunately their service is distributed in such a way across the United States that many people do not have access to their services. The inclusion of up to 10 Charter email addresses with each home Internet service plan, Charter has made getting started online quicker and easier than ever before. The Charter email security suite provides top-notch virus blocking, anti-spyware protection as well as advanced parental controls and an excellent firewall. The technical support that is available with Charter net email is superior, and the carrier also allows you to bundle a variety of services such as Internet access, television, phone services and more.
Charter email includes 7 email addresses in all Spectrum Internet packages as well as a maximum of 500 contacts, 5 GB of storage and the ability to send files up to 25MB. Spam email messages are filtered, and the desktop version allows you to check your email through your PC with Outlook or Outlook Express. The mobile version of the software allows you to check your Charter email straight from your mobile phone in the native email client without requiring additional software.
Charter Communications continues to focus on the growth areas: high-speed and DSL Internet services, and low-cost offline email as well as Charter webmail. While there are still significant pockets of dial-up service that exist throughout the country, Charter has made a strategic decision not to enter that market for now. It is a pretty safe bet that the high-speed side of the telecommunications business will continue to grow, while the dial-up shrinks and eventually dwindles away in the next 10 years or so.
Other US Webmail & Email providers


KernelCare Live IoT Patching integrates with Microsoft Azure IoT Hub
Billions of IoT devices are transforming the capabilities of industrial control systems (ICS): delivering low cost, low power computing to achieve efficiency and automation. But the unique characteristics of these devices can also turn ICS into somewhat of a management and security headache.
As always, tools emerge to relieve these challenges – for example, take Microsoft Azure IoT Hub. It is common for IoT devices to proliferate and it makes tracking and managing IoT devices very challenging. Azure IoT Hub is a tool that helps organizations to catalog, manage and integrate large fleets of IoT devices.
Similarly, managing security patching across large IoT networks can be difficult – devices in ICS environments may be air-gapped and require 100% service availability. KernelCare live patching for IoT can help solve these challenges.
Today, we’re delighted to announce that KernelCare for IoT now fully integrates with Device Update for IoT Hub from Microsoft, which is currently in preview in select Azure regions. Let’s take a look.
What is KernelCare for IoT?
If you’re already familiar with KernelCare for IoT you can skip this section. However, here is a quick overview if you’re unfamiliar. KernelCare is a core CloudLinux product: KernelCare ensures consistent, automated patching of devices that rely on Linux kernels and it does that without the need to reboot the device to complete patching.
KernelCare works behind the scenes to always apply Linux kernel security patches as soon as the patch is released. It does so without the need to restart devices. This reduces the risks and service disruptions typically associated with unpatched systems.
In turn, KernelCare for IoT delivers patches to IoT devices that use a Linux kernel. This represents a large segment of the IoT market – according to a survey by Eclipse IoT, 43% of IoT devices depend on Linux, by a long distance the largest proportion compared to FreeRTOS and Windows.
No matter how many IoT devices you have out in the field KernelCare ensures that your Linux-driven devices are consistently patched, without requiring physical access to devices – or restarting devices. KernelCare for IoT can even be deployed to devices in operational networks without restarts or disruption.
Azure IoT Hub and Device Update
Azure IoT Hub was released with general availability in 2016. As the name suggests, Azure IoT Hub pivots off the company’s popular cloud infrastructure product. For Azure users, IoT Hub is a sensible way to integrate management and control of large IoT fleets into their existing enterprise infrastructure.
The product has evolved, but at its core, Azure IoT Hub facilitates bidirectional communication with IoT devices, serving as a conduit between IoT fleets and wider enterprise systems. This capability covers everything from telemetry and monitoring – to deploying complex applications that reach across on-premises, cloud, and edge solutions, all supported by Azure.
As we suggested earlier, IoT security is a key concern and something that is difficult to manage given the large-scale and distributed nature of IoT apps. Here, too, Azure IoT Hub has established capabilities including automated security management.
Microsoft has decided to strengthen this aspect of Azure IoT Hub by rolling out capabilities designed to better manage device updates. It’s called Device Update for IoT Hub.
What does Device Update for IoT Hub bring to the table?
It’s easy to see that keeping IoT devices consistently updated can be a hassle. The sheer quantity of devices in some deployments makes consistent updating difficult. There are also limitations around physical access in some cases, while updates can be very disruptive as IoT devices may need to go offline to complete the installation of an update – or where an update breaks functionality.
Device Update for IoT Hub intends to solve some of these issues by allowing Azure users to more finely manage and control the monitoring and the rollout of updates across IoT deployments.
It provides an easy-to-use UX for update management, the ability to group devices, and the opportunity to schedule updates to suitable times. Device Update also intends to make compliance management easier even where different types of devices are in use.
However, this still leaves one difficult point for many operators of IoT fleets – how to patch Linux kernels on IoT devices without restarting the device to complete the patching process.
KernelCare and Device Update for IoT Hub
Organizations that centralize the management and control of their IoT devices through Azure IoT Hub can now roll out automated, rebootless patching for select devices that rely on Linux thanks to KernelCare IoT’s integration with Device Update for IoT Hub.
Thanks to KernelCare’s close integration with Device Update for IoT Hub users can patch IoT devices during runtime, addressing emerging security vulnerabilities without the need to reboot a device – and without causing the associated disruption.
At the moment, KernelCare for IoT supports four popular Linux distributions commonly used on IoT devices – Ubuntu Core, Yocto Project, Raspbian, and Amazon Linux 2 on EC2 A1. Supported chipsets include popular ARM processors, as well as AWS Graviton 2 and NXP processors.
Azure and KernelCare – keeping your IoT devices safe
To wrap up, the new Device Update capability from Azure makes it far easier to manage feature and security updates for IoT devices. KernelCare’s close integration with Device Update for IoT Hub subsequently means that organizations can automatically update Linux-based IoT devices without worrying about service disruption.
These capabilities matter: recent estimates suggest that 75 billion IoT devices will be deployed in the wild by 2025. Managing IoT devices will become more and more important, and more challenging. Thankfully collaborations between vendors such as Microsoft and KernelCare are leading to products that make managing IoT fleets far easier.
While many KernelCare services are available for automatic instant sign-up, organizations that want to deploy KernelCare for IoT alongside Device Update for IoT Hub should get in touch with KernelCare for a free proof of concept discussion. We’ll happily provide you with a customized path to securing your IoT devices within your Azure environment.


TrustComm provides a broad range of applications including satellite broadband Internet access, voice over IP, video conferencing and data communication, in different scenarios such as business continuity, emergency response, tactical field deployment and temporary usage to the government and commercial markets.
From normal day-to-day communications, to crucial military and emergency response, TrustComm is there regardless of location and application, dedicated to the highest quality of satellite and terrestrial communications.
The government and commercial industries demand the secure, flexible, and reliable solutions that TrustComm delivers. Encrypted videoconferencing, VoIP, video monitoring, data transfer, secure networks, and Internet access, can be the deciding factor of how quickly and efficiently emergency response and disaster recovery teams are deployed. Our on-site equipment offerings and ease-of-use solutions are designed to have communications up and running.


WHAT CAN BLUETOOTH PAIR DO
Bluetooth Pair can automate your Bluetooth pairing process!
With a range of Bluetooth devices at your disposal such as audio speakers, headsets, car speakers and more, it can be troublesome to have to connect to a specific device.
Bluetooth Pair allows you to automatically pair to your most recently connected device or your most frequently connected device!
No Ads! Tired of a little rectangular box with colorful images taking up ten percent of your screen? The Pro version of Bluetooth Pair is completely ad-less!
★ Automatically connect to any Bluetooth enabled device
★ Set the device to connect to your most recently connect device or your most frequently connected device
★ Material theme design
★ Simple and intuitive interface
★ No Ads
♬ German ~ Jimmy Smith
♬ Spanish ~ Eduardo Granados
♬ Traditional Mandarin Chinese – Waylon Huang
♬ Help us translate Bluetooth Pair! Send me an email!
HELP US IMPROVE
Help us improve by giving us ratings and reviews! If you would like to help translate Bluetooth Pair, email us and we will message you with information!
For questions and comments, send us an email at [email protected]!
Added Spanish translations – Thank you to Eduardo Granados.
Added German translations – Thank you to Jimmy Smith.
Bluetooth Pair – redesigned!
User interface has been simplified and streamlined.
Added a floating action button to replace the outdated switch item.
Turn on your Bluetooth and connect to a device with a SINGLE tap!
Support for Android 6.0!
Improved stability and fixed bugs within the program.
Tips or suggestions? Email us your comments and ideas for new features!
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Main / Music / Vodafone mobile connect x64
Vodafone mobile connect x64
Name: Vodafone mobile connect x64
File size: 131mb
Software, apps, guides and FAQs for Vodafone Mobile Broadband USB Sticks and Vodafone Mobile Wi-Fi Routers. To use your Vodafone Mobile Broadband USB Stick on a computer with the Microsoft Windows 7 operating system, you will need to install a version of the. All the Vodafone Mobile Broadband USB Sticks listed below can be used directly with Microsoft Windows When you plug one of these Sticks into a USB.
Vodafone Mobile Broadband (formerly Vodafone Mobile Connect) icon This practical and powerful utility helps you manage your mobile. I have a problem with installing the Vodafone mobile connect software. on my Windows XP x64, it asks for admin privilages. I tried to create. Operating System: Windows 8 64bit. File Size: . Vodafone Mobile Broadband Network Adapter (Huawei) Vodafone Mobile Broadband-USB Device (Huawei).
You can use this app with a Vodafone or partner SIM card and a mobile broadband device like a USB dongle or modem. To find out which mobile broadband. Vodafone Mobile Connect Lite [VMC-Lite] & Huawei E Would you possibly have or know where I could get the 64 bit drivers for the E?.


The Flexslice system begins with the coupler.
The coupler is connected to the network via the upper Ethernet interface. The lower RJ45 socket may be used to connect further EtherCAT devices in the same strand.
The bus coupler supports up to 16 input/output modules which have a positive mechanical lock and bus connector, making a reliable EBUS connection through the backplane. The complete assembly can be DIN rail mounted. The coupler converts the passing telegrams from Ethernet 100BASE-T to EBUS signal format.
In the EtherCAT network, the P366 coupler can be installed in any position in the Ethernet string; making it suitable for operation close to the master or at a remote position.
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Trio design and manufacture flexible and economical solutions for motion control applications, enabling control of complex high speed automation and machine control in most industries throughout the world.
Their comprehensive range of motion controllers (Motion Coordinators) allows seamless control of 1 to 128 axes of servo motors, stepper motors, piezo motors or hydraulic systems. Our flexible, modular controller range uses a common user interface and standard programming language; TrioBASIC.
They design customised solutions for OEMs, manufacture motion control options for globally available drives and license designs and technology to a number of automation companies. Our products are available locally via our global network of distributors and drive specialists. Each offers local training and technical support.
Power supply requirement
24V DC, 0.8A min for full system
24V / 1.5W
EtherCAT refresh cycle
DIN rail mount
Size (w x d x h) mm
17.2 x 147 x 107
Push-in wiring terminals
EN61000-6-2 (2005) Industrial Noise Immunity/ EN61000-6-4 (2007) Industrial Noise Emissions.
RoHs, CE, UL
If you'd like to order parts or get a quotation there are a number of options to suit your preference. Whether you know the parts, numbers and options you need or if you require help in choosing the right items, our sales team are here to help.
By email - Send an email to sales (at) automation.co.uk
By telephone - 01226 771 630
Speak to us on Live Chat - Drop us a message below and we can help you choose the right parts.


In FTNet lab we ought to develop new paradigm that will yield to the next generation of the so successful but still limited WiFi Technology.
The 4th Channel !
Ubiquitous IEEE 802.11 networks operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band could complement the cellular systems in indoor and rural environments. Wi-Fi networks are allocated 14 channels in this frequency band, thereof only 3 non-overlapped channels are allowed for Wi-Fi extended service sets in order to avoid interference. In a project in collaboration with Oslo University Hospital we investigated the use of assignment configurations with 4 partially-overlapped channels for VoIP transmissions, which may increase the network capacity in terms of concurrent users supported by Wi-Fi networks. Through computer simulations we demonstrate that 4-channel configurations are feasible at the expense of a tolerable degradation in quality of service for voice traffic with pedestrian mobility.
Unlimited transmitted power for increased throughput and coverage
The use of wireless equipment in the already overcrowded ISM bands had been further growing in recent years. This increase leads to high interference levels, which causes unstable communication and an average throughput reduction in heavily-used channels. This calls for more robust, interference-aware means of channel-access for Wi-Fi and similar wireless devices in ISM bands. In this project with international collaboration (e.g. with Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania, and more), we propose a Game Theory (GT) based power allocation mechanism for IEEE 802.11 networks, which might incorporate some aspects of Cognitive Radio (CR) functionality. Up to now operation of 802.11 devices was constrained by regulations in terms of maximum transmission power, in order to limit the extent of interference from uncoordinated emissions. Our proposed mechanism, with its feasibility backed by the practical experimentation, would allow embracing lighter regulatory rules or complete abolition of power limits for unlicensed access in ISM bands. Moreover, our proposed concept of channel access based on power balancing game might also make unnecessary the use of CSMA/CA protocol.
QoS for WiFi
Within the framework of Future WiFi it worth to mention our earlier works on performance analysis of the QoS based MAC mechanism of WiFi. In these works we studied the effect of CSMA/CA variables such as contention windows on the QoS that can be offered to different class of services. More details can be found in paper [...]


今天的卫星通信可以一直追溯到亚瑟·C·克拉克于1945年2月写给《无线世界》杂志编辑的一封信中。1945年10月，克拉克在《无线世界》发表了题为Extra-Terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage的文章，进一步充实了卫星通信的理论。几十年后，美国海军进行了一个名为“月球中继通信”的计划。该计划使用月球作为天然的通信卫星，旨在提供一种安全可靠的无线电通信。
第一颗专门用于全球通信的人造卫星是美国的Echo 1号。它是世界上第一颗能够传递地面上不同点之间信号的人造通信卫星。Echo 1号于1960年8月12日发射，随后上升到了距离地面1,600 km的高度，但它使用的是人类最古老的飞行方式——气球。美国航空航天局（NASA）发射的Echo 1号是一个表面镀PET膜的气球，直径约为30米，其表面可以作为无源反射器用于无线电通信。正如它的非正式名称“气球卫星”(satelloon)那样，Echo 1号是世界上第一颗充气卫星，它奠定了现代卫星通信的基础。卫星通信的原理很简单：发送数据到太空中，然后再把这些数据送回地面上的另一点。Echo1号就像一面有10层楼高的巨大镜子，把发送到太空中的数据反射到地球上的另一点，以此来实现卫星通信。
通信卫星的种类主要有两种，无源和有源的。无源通信卫星只是把来自发射站的信号反射到接收器的方向。对于无源卫星，其反射的信号没有经过卫星的增强，因此只有少部分的信号能量到达了接收器。卫星距离地球表面很远，由空间路径损耗导致的无线电信号衰减十分严重，因此接收器接收到的信号实际上相当微弱。相反的，有源卫星在转发其收到的信号前会对信号进行放大处理 。世界上第一颗通信卫星就是无源卫星，但是现在已经很少使用这种卫星了。Telstar是世界上第二颗有源中继卫星，该卫星由AT&T公司所有，作为AT&T、贝尔实验室、美国航空航天局、英国邮政总局和法国电信（邮政）共同签署的发展通信卫星的国际协议的一部分。美国航空航天局（NASA）于1962年7月10日在卡纳维拉尔角发射了Telstar卫星，这也是世界上第一次私人赞助的航天发射。1962年12月13日，美国发射了Relay 1号，它在1963年11月22日成为了世界上第一颗横跨太平洋进行广播的卫星。
静止轨道通信卫星的概念是由亚瑟·C·克拉克首先提出来的，这个概念实际上基于齐奥尔科夫斯基的理论和赫尔曼•波托奇尼克于1929年出版的著作Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums — der Raketen-motor。1945年，克拉克在英国的《无线世界》发表了一篇题为"Extraterrestrial Relays"的文章，这篇文章阐述了在静止轨道部署人造卫星进行无线电中继通信的基本构想。因此，人们经常认为克拉克首先发明了通信卫星，并且用“克拉克带”来描述静止轨道。
- 世界上第一颗静止轨道通信卫星是Syncom 3，该卫星于1964年8月19日发射，并在1964年东京奥运会期间开始了跨太平洋电视转播。在Syncom 3发射后不久，休斯公司制造的Intelsat I(绰号为“Early Bird”)于1965年4月6日发射升空，该卫星定点与西经28度，成为第一颗跨大西洋通信的静止轨道卫星。
- After the launches of the Telstar through Westar 1 satellites, RCA Americom (later GE Americom, now SES) launched Satcom 1 in 1975. It was Satcom 1 that was instrumental in helping early cable TV channels such as WTBS (now TBS Superstation), HBO, CBN (now ABC Family) and The Weather Channel become successful, because these channels distributed their programming to all of the local cable TV headends using the satellite. Additionally, it was the first satellite used by broadcast television networks in the United States, like ABC, NBC, and CBS, to distribute programming to their local affiliate stations. Satcom 1 was widely used because it had twice the communications capacity of the competing Westar 1 in America (24 transponders as opposed to the 12 of Westar 1), resulting in lower transponder-usage costs. Satellites in later decades tended to have even higher transponder numbers.
By 2000, Hughes Space and Communications (now Boeing Satellite Development Center) had built nearly 40 percent of the more than one hundred satellites in service worldwide. Other major satellite manufacturers include Space Systems/Loral, Orbital Sciences Corporation with the STAR Bus series, Indian Space Research Organisation, Lockheed Martin (owns the former RCA Astro Electronics/GE Astro Space business), Northrop Grumman, Alcatel Space, now Thales Alenia Space, with the Spacebus series, and Astrium.
Geostationary satellites must operate above the equator and therefore appear lower on the horizon as the receiver gets the farther from the equator. This will cause problems for extreme northerly latitudes, affecting connectivity and causing multipath interference (caused by signals reflecting off the ground and into the ground antenna).
Thus, for areas close to the North (and South) Pole, a geostationary satellite may appear below the horizon. Therefore, Molniya orbit satellites have been launched, mainly in Russia, to alleviate this problem.
Molniya orbits can be an appealing alternative in such cases. The Molniya orbit is highly inclined, guaranteeing good elevation over selected positions during the northern portion of the orbit. (Elevation is the extent of the satellite's position above the horizon. Thus, a satellite at the horizon has zero elevation and a satellite directly overhead has elevation of 90 degrees.)
The Molniya orbit is designed so that the satellite spends the great majority of its time over the far northern latitudes, during which its ground footprint moves only slightly. Its period is one half day, so that the satellite is available for operation over the targeted region for six to nine hours every second revolution. In this way a constellation of three Molniya satellites (plus in-orbit spares) can provide uninterrupted coverage.
The first satellite of the Molniya series was launched on April 23, 1965 and was used for experimental transmission of TV signals from a Moscow uplink station to downlink stations located in Siberia and the Russian Far East, in Norilsk, Khabarovsk, Magadan and Vladivostok. In November 1967 Soviet engineers created a unique system of national TV network of satellite television, called Orbita, that was based on Molniya satellites.
In the United States, the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) was established in 1994 to consolidate the polar satellite operations of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). NPOESS manages a number of satellites for various purposes; for example, METSAT for meteorological satellite, EUMETSAT for the European branch of the program, and METOP for meteorological operations.
These orbits are sun synchronous, meaning that they cross the equator at the same local time each day. For example, the satellites in the NPOESS (civilian) orbit will cross the equator, going from south to north, at times 1:30 P.M., 5:30 P.M., and 9:30 P.M.
Communications Satellites are usually composed of the following subsystems:
- Communication Payload, normally composed of transponders, antennas, and switching systems
- Engines used to bring the satellite to its desired orbit
- Station Keeping Tracking and stabilization subsystem used to keep the satellite in the right orbit, with its antennas pointed in the right direction, and its power system pointed towards the sun
- Power subsystem, used to power the Satellite systems, normally composed of solar cells, and batteries that maintain power during solar eclipse
- Command and Control subsystem, which maintains communications with ground control stations. The ground control earth stations monitor the satellite performance and control its functionality during various phases of its life-cycle.
The bandwidth available from a satellite depends upon the number of transponders provided by the satellite. Each service (TV, Voice, Internet, radio) requires a different amount of bandwidth for transmission. This is typically known as link budgeting and a network simulator can be used to arrive at the exact value.
Allocating frequencies to satellite services is a complicated process which requires international coordination and planning. This is carried out under the auspices of the 国际电信联盟(ITU). To facilitate frequency planning, the world is divided into three regions: Region 1: Europe, Africa, what was formerly the Soviet Union, and Mongolia Region 2: North and South America and Greenland Region 3: Asia (excluding region 1 areas), Australia, and the southwest Pacific
Within these regions, frequency bands are allocated to various satellite services, although a given service may be allocated different frequency bands in different regions. Some of the services provided by satellites are:
- Fixed satellite service (FSS)
- Broadcasting satellite service (BSS)
- Mobile satellite service
- Radionavigation-satellite service
- Meteorological-satellite service
- Amateur-satellite service
The first and historically most important application for communication satellites was in intercontinental long distance telephony. The fixed Public Switched Telephone Network relays telephone calls from land line telephones to an earth station, where they are then transmitted to a geostationary satellite. The downlink follows an analogous path. Improvements in submarine communications cables through the use of fiber-optics caused some decline in the use of satellites for fixed telephony in the late 20th century.
Satellite communications are still used in many applications today. Remote islands such as Ascension Island, Saint Helena, Diego Garcia, and Easter Island, where no submarine cables are in service, need satellite telephones. There are also regions of some continents and countries where landline telecommunications are rare to nonexistent, for example large regions of South America, Africa, Canada, China, Russia, and Australia. Satellite communications also provide connection to the edges of Antarctica and Greenland. Other land use for satellite phones are rigs at sea, a back up for hospitals, military, and recreation. Ships at sea, as well as planes, often use satellite phones.
Satellite phone systems can be accomplished by a number of means. On a large scale, often there will be a local telephone system in an isolated area with a link to the telephone system in a main land area. There are also services that will patch a radio signal to a telephone system. In this example, almost any type of satellite can be used. Satellite phones connect directly to a constellation of either geostationary or low-earth-orbit satellites. Calls are then forwarded to a satellite teleport connected to the Public Switched Telephone Network .
As television became the main market, its demand for simultaneous delivery of relatively few signals of large bandwidth to many receivers being a more precise match for the capabilities of geosynchronous comsats. Two satellite types are used for North American television and radio: Direct broadcast satellite (DBS), and Fixed Service Satellite (FSS).
The definitions of FSS and DBS satellites outside of North America, especially in Europe, are a bit more ambiguous. Most satellites used for direct-to-home television in Europe have the same high power output as DBS-class satellites in North America, but use the same linear polarization as FSS-class satellites. Examples of these are the Astra, Eutelsat, and Hotbird spacecraft in orbit over the European continent. Because of this, the terms FSS and DBS are more so used throughout the North American continent, and are uncommon in Europe.
Fixed Service Satellites use the C band, and the lower portions of the Ku band. They are normally used for broadcast feeds to and from television networks and local affiliate stations (such as program feeds for network and syndicated programming, live shots, and backhauls), as well as being used for distance learning by schools and universities, business television (BTV), Videoconferencing, and general commercial telecommunications. FSS satellites are also used to distribute national cable channels to cable television headends.
Free-to-air satellite TV channels are also usually distributed on FSS satellites in the Ku band. The Intelsat Americas 5, Galaxy 10R and AMC 3 satellites over North America provide a quite large amount of FTA channels on their Ku band transponders.
The American Dish Network DBS service has also recently utilized FSS technology as well for their programming packages requiring their SuperDish antenna, due to Dish Network needing more capacity to carry local television stations per the FCC's "must-carry" regulations, and for more bandwidth to carry HDTV channels.
A direct broadcast satellite is a communications satellite that transmits to small DBS satellite dishes (usually 18 to 24 inches or 45 to 60 cm in diameter). Direct broadcast satellites generally operate in the upper portion of the microwave Ku band. DBS technology is used for DTH-oriented (Direct-To-Home) satellite TV services, such as DirecTV and DISH Network in the United States, Bell TV and Shaw Direct in Canada, Freesat and Sky in the UK, Ireland, and New Zealand and DSTV in South Africa.
Operating at lower frequency and lower power than DBS, FSS satellites require a much larger dish for reception (3 to 8 feet (1 to 2.5 m) in diameter for Ku band, and 12 feet (3.6 m) or larger for C band). They use linear polarization for each of the transponders' RF input and output (as opposed to circular polarization used by DBS satellites), but this is a minor technical difference that users do not notice. FSS satellite technology was also originally used for DTH satellite TV from the late 1970s to the early 1990s in the United States in the form of TVRO (TeleVision Receive Only) receivers and dishes. It was also used in its Ku band form for the now-defunct Primestar satellite TV service.
Some satellites have been launched that have transponders in the Ka band, such as DirecTV's SPACEWAY-1 satellite, and Anik F2. NASA and ISRO have also launched experimental satellites carrying Ka band beacons recently.
Some manufacturers have also introduced special antennas for mobile reception of DBS television. Using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology as a reference, these antennas automatically re-aim to the satellite no matter where or how the vehicle (on which the antenna is mounted) is situated. These mobile satellite antennas are popular with some recreational vehicle owners. Such mobile DBS antennas are also used by JetBlue Airways for DirecTV (supplied by LiveTV, a subsidiary of JetBlue), which passengers can view on-board on LCD screens mounted in the seats.
Satellite radio offers audio broadcast services in some countries, notably the United States. Mobile services allow listeners to roam a continent, listening to the same audio programming anywhere.
A satellite radio or subscription radio (SR) is a digital radio signal that is broadcast by a communications satellite, which covers a much wider geographical range than terrestrial radio signals.
Satellite radio offers a meaningful alternative to ground-based radio services in some countries, notably the United States. Mobile services, such as SiriusXM, and Worldspace, allow listeners to roam across an entire continent, listening to the same audio programming anywhere they go. Other services, such as Music Choice or Muzak's satellite-delivered content, require a fixed-location receiver and a dish antenna. In all cases, the antenna must have a clear view to the satellites. In areas where tall buildings, bridges, or even parking garages obscure the signal, repeaters can be placed to make the signal available to listeners.
Initially available for broadcast to stationary TV receivers, by 2004 popular mobile direct broadcast applications made their appearance with the arrival of two satellite radio systems in the United States: Sirius and XM Satellite Radio Holdings. Later they merged to become the conglomerate SiriusXM.
Radio services are usually provided by commercial ventures and are subscription-based. The various services are proprietary signals, requiring specialized hardware for decoding and playback. Providers usually carry a variety of news, weather, sports, and music channels, with the music channels generally being commercial-free.
In areas with a relatively high population density, it is easier and less expensive to reach the bulk of the population with terrestrial broadcasts. Thus in the UK and some other countries, the contemporary evolution of radio services is focused on Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) services or HD Radio, rather than satellite radio.
Amateur radio operators have access to amateur satellites, which have been designed specifically to carry amateur radio traffic. Most such satellites operate as spaceborne repeaters, and are generally accessed by amateurs equipped with UHF or VHF radio equipment and highly directional antennas such as Yagis or dish antennas. Due to launch costs, most current amateur satellites are launched into fairly low Earth orbits, and are designed to deal with only a limited number of brief contacts at any given time. Some satellites also provide data-forwarding services using the X.25 or similar protocols.
After the 1990s, satellite communication technology has been used as a means to connect to the Internet via broadband data connections. This can be very useful for users who are located in remote areas, and cannot access a broadband connection, or require high availability of services.
Communications satellites are used for military communications applications, such as Global Command and Control Systems. Examples of military systems that use communication satellites are the MILSTAR, the DSCS, and the FLTSATCOM of the United States, NATO satellites, United Kingdom satellites (for instance Skynet), and satellites of the former Soviet Union. India has launched its first Military Communication satellite GSAT-7, its transponders operate in UHF, F, C and Template:Ku band bands. Typically military satellites operate in the UHF, SHF (also known as X-band) or EHF (also known as Ka band) frequency bands.
- ^ Labrador, Virgil. satellite communication. Britannica.com. 2015-02-19 [2016-02-10].
- ^ Satellites - Communication Satellites. Satellites.spacesim.org. [2016-02-10].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Military Satellite Communications Fundamentals | The Aerospace Corporation. Aerospace.org. 2010-04-01 [2016-02-10].
- ^ The history of satellites. http://www.satmagazine.com. January 2008. 外部链接存在于
- ^ Significant Achievements in Space Communications and Navigation, 1958-1964 (PDF). NASA-SP-93. NASA: 30–32. 1966 [2009-10-31].
- ^ Communication: How the rover can communicate through Mars-orbiting spacecraft. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. [21 January 2016].
- ^ Extraterrestrial Relays
- ^ Arthur C. Clarke, inventor of satellite, visionary in technology, dead at 90. Engadget.com. 2008-03-18 [2016-02-10].
- ^ Connected | Maritime. Iridium. Retrieved on 2013-09-19.
- ^ GSAT-14. ISRO. [16 January 2014].
- ^ Indian GSLV successfully lofts GSAT-14 satellite. NASA Space Flight. 4 January 2014 [16 January 2014].
- ^ DIRECTV's Spaceway F1 Satellite Launches New Era in High-Definition Programming; Next Generation Satellite Will Initiate Historic Expansion of DIRECTV. SpaceRef. [2012-05-11].
- ^ India's first 'military' satellite GSAT-7 put into earth's orbit. NDTV.com (2013-09-04). Retrieved on 2013-09-18.


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Facing the prospect of regulation by the Environmental Protection Agency, cable TV operators and appliance manufacturers have announced a voluntary program to improve the energy efficiency of the set-top boxes that bring programming into your home. Some environmental advocates say the changes don’t go nearly far enough.
I’m skeptical, too, because the market dynamics in the cable industry are totally backwards, especially when it comes to set-top boxes. You’d think the end user would be the consumer in that equation, but they’re not. It’s the cable companies. They buy the boxes and force people to rent them. And they give the end users no control over how much power the devices consume.
This means end users are subsidizing cable companies with about $2 billion in electricity annually, all so cable companies can push advertising to the boxes.


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Bluewater, a super-regional shopping centre in the UK, has a GSM based system supplied by NTL to help its GSM coverage for calls, it also allows each customer with a mobile phone to be tracked though the centre which shops they go into and for how long.
Anyone can report their phone as lost or stolen with their Telecom Carrier, and the IMEI would be blacklisted with a central registry. Location-based services can provide actual time information for the mobile phone text dating, such as traffic condition and weather forecast, then the customers can make the plan.
For example, a retailer could send a mobile text message to those customers in their database who have opted-in, who happen to be walking in a mall.
It is the most effective tool to track mobile devices, which can help you to know the activities on monitored mobiles. Marketers aim to optimize the visibility of an app in a store, which will maximize the number of downloads. In some networks, brands are also able to sponsor messages that are sent P2P person-to-person.
This is often paraphrased simply as the balance of evidence showing no harm to humans from mobile phones, although a significant number of individual studies do suggest such a relationship, or are inconclusive. Being distracted while operating a motor vehicle has been shown to increase the risk of accidents.
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This is known as mobile advergaming or ad-funded mobile game.
Some mobile phones can make mobile payments via direct mobile billing schemes, or through contactless payments if the phone and the point of sale support near field communication NFC.
It is a message that pops up on a mobile device. For the last 15 years, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been a major source of natural resources for the mobile phone industry. Games that use advergaming make the users remember better the brand involved. As a practical tool, this APP brings great convenience to users' life.
Android sees open rates of 3. While the phone is turned on, the geographical location of a mobile phone can be determined easily whether it is being used or not using a technique known as multilateration to calculate the differences in time for a signal to travel from the mobile phone to each of several cell towers near the owner of the phone.
Brands are able to both send mobile terminated and receive mobile originated rich content through MMS A2P application-to-person mobile networks to mobile subscribers.
Through Banner ads, consumer announcements, or in-screen advertising, users will jump to the specified page and display the advertising content when users click.
This model is more intuitive, and can attract users' attention quickly. There are still a lot of people in society who do not know what the QR code stands for, although QR codes can be seen almost everywhere in our lives.
The profits from the minerals finance the bloodiest conflict since the second world war; the war has lasted nearly 20 years and has recently flared up again. The technology was pioneered by VoAPPwhich used the technology in conjunction with live operators as a debt collection service.
In the United Kingdom, which launched location-based services innetworks do not use trilateration; LBS uses a single base station, with a "radius" of inaccuracy, to determine a phone's location.
The cell-phone service provider gets the location from a GPS chip built into the phone, or using radiolocation and trilateration based on the signal-strength of the closest cell-phone towers for phones without GPS features.
Many companies trying to use QR codes to promote their own products as well as looking for potential customers, but if the customer does not know how to find the information through the QR code, they seem to may not purchase a product or service.
Most companies have acknowledged the potential of Mobile Apps to increase the interaction between a company and its target customers. Eventually, the idea spread and inthe Philippines launched the country's first commercial mobile payments systems with mobile operators Globe and Smart.
Cash can be deposited or withdrawn from M-PESA accounts at Safaricom retail outlets located throughout the country and can be transferred electronically from person to person and used to pay bills to companies. This memorization increases virality of the content so that the users tend to recommend them to their friends and acquaintances, and share them via social networks.
In the event of sudden traffic accidents, the roadside assistance company can develop an app to track the customer's real-time location without navigation. Many states in the United States have banned texting on cell phones while driving. The FCC has ruled that the technology is compliant with all regulations.
New Zealand has banned hand-held cell phone use since 1 November A large body of research exists, both epidemiological and experimental, in non-human animals and in humans.
This is more apparent in countries which ban both handheld and hands-free usage, rather than those which ban handheld use only, as officials cannot easily tell which function of the mobile phone is being used simply by looking at the driver.Messages to charged at standard network rate.
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- This event has passed.
Webinar on “Overview of 5GIA”
December 13, 2018
TSDSI is proud to announce the 14th Knowledge sharing webinar under the aegis of India EU Partnership Project on “Overview of 5GIA”.
The 5G Public Private Partnership (5G PPP) is the 5G collaborative research program that is organized as part of the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 program – The European Union Program for Research and Innovation. It is aimed at fostering industry-driven research, monitored by business-related, technological performance and societal KPIs. The 5G PPP will deliver solutions, architectures, technologies and standards for ubiquitous next-generation communication infrastructure over the coming decade.
In the 5G PPP, the 5G Infrastructure Association (5G-IA) represents the private side and the European Commission the public side. The 5G-IA is committed to the advancement of 5G in Europe and to building global consensus on 5G. To this aim, the Association brings together a global industry community of telecoms & digital actors, such as operators, manufacturers, research institutes, universities, verticals and SMEs. The 5G-IA carries out a wide range of activities in strategic areas including standardization, frequency spectrum, R&D projects, technology skills, collaboration with key vertical industry sectors, notably for the development of trials, and international cooperation.
TSDSI and 5GIA signed a Memorandum of Understanding in 2017 to collaborate in development of 5G technologies and to promote 5G related R&D initiatives based on mutually aligned opportunities identified by both parties.
Objective of this webinar is to introduce 5GIA and give an overview of its activities.
Speaker: Jean-Pierre Bienaimé, Secretary General of The 5G Infrastructure Association (5G-IA)
Jean-Pierre Bienaimé has been Secretary General of the 5G Infrastructure Association (5G-IA), representing the digital & telecommunications industry (operators, manufacturers, research and academic institutes, verticals, SMEs) in the Public-Private Partnership (5G PPP) with the European Commission, since September 2016. He is also Chairman of the 5G PPP
Initiative Steering Board.
Joining France Telecom (FT) in 1979, Bienaimé has had responsibilities including Director Planning Department at FT, Advisor to the General Director of Moroccan Telecommunications in Rabat, Director of Marketing and Product Development for International Business Networks & Services at FT, Chief Executive Officer of Nexus International, and Vice-President International Mobile Support for Orange Group. From 2009 until 2016, Jean-Pierre has been Senior Vice-President Wholesale Strategy, Communications and Community at Orange. Jean-Pierre has been Chairman of mobile industry association The UMTS Forum from 2003 until 2016, with a mission to promote a common vision of the development of 3G UMTS and 4G LTE and evolutions, and to ensure their worldwide commercial success.
Jean-Pierre is the chairman of IREST (Economic and Social Research Institute on
Telecommunications), a think tank of influence based in Paris. Jean-Pierre is graduated
from ESSEC Business School, from Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris, from Ecole
Nationale Supérieure des Postes & Télécommunications – Paris, and from INSEAD.
Schedule: December 13, 2018 14:30 – 15:30 PM IST
Participation: Participation in the Webinar is by registration. Please register here.


The Samsung Galaxy Nexus. It’s Google’s flagship phone that is designed to complement the Android 4.0 “Ice Cream Sandwich” operating system software. With high end specifications (for 2011) and highly optimized software, the Galaxy Nexus is supposed to show off what Android can really do without any interference from carriers and OEMs. However, that wound up not truly being the case in the United States with the CDMA/LTE variant for Verizon Wireless and Sprint.
By and large, the CDMA/LTE variant sold by Verizon Wireless and Sprint is the same as the original HSPA+ model that is now sold by Google on the Play Store (at least in terms of hardware). It has the same CPU, RAM, NFC chip, screen, cameras, etc. The only hardware difference is the cellular radio structure.
The original UMTS HSPA+ model uses an Intel XG626 baseband modem that is connected to an antenna structure that supports quad-band GSM and penta-band WCDMA for global usage. For Americans, it means that it works on the HSPA+ networks for both AT&T and T-Mobile USA.
The CDMA/LTE variant uses a VIA Telecom CBP7.1 CDMA2000 baseband modem, connected to an antenna structure that supports dual-band CDMA2000. The Sprint model adds another CDMA2000 band that is exclusive to Sprint. Both CDMA/LTE variants use a Samsung CMC221 LTE baseband modem, but the Verizon Wireless variant is set up for LTE band class 13 (Upper 700MHz C block), while the Sprint variant is set up for LTE band class 25 (U.S. Extended PCS, also known as PCS+G). The Verizon Galaxy Nexus has a user-accessible SIM card slot while the Sprint one does not.
While the Intel (formerly Infineon) baseband used to be troublesome on AT&T’s network (as many iPhone users that didn’t own an iPhone 4S can attest to), the latest generation of basebands work fine on both AT&T and T-Mobile. With 3GPP Release 7 support, it has a maximum downlink throughput of 21Mbps while it has a maximum uplink throughput of 5.76Mbps. In general, the Galaxy Nexus works very well on AT&T and T-Mobile.
However, it isn’t the same for the CDMA variants of the Galaxy Nexus. The VIA Telecom CDMA chip is notorious for weak performance. Other notable devices that use the chip are the Samsung DROID Charge and the Samsung Stratosphere. Searching on the web about these devices turns up a lot of complaints about CDMA service quality with these devices.
Jason Perlow of ZDNet [http://www.zdnet.com/verizon-wireless-galaxy-nexus-is-a-wi-fi-tethering-lemon-7000000434/ experienced more than his fair share of issues] while trying to live off of the 4G LTE connection his Galaxy Nexus provided. But he was trying to live off of 4G LTE, not CDMA2000. So why was he affected? Well, the truth is, [http://www.extremetech.com/mobile/110711-what-is-lte/5 CDMA/LTE devices require both radios to be active and connected]. Not to mention, network authentication and feature provisioning actually goes through the CDMA system, not the LTE one.
The bridge between CDMA2000 and LTE is rather brittle and is prone to failure, because LTE wasn’t designed to be bridged with CDMA2000 like that. It was intended to be installed alongside GSM and WCDMA networks, and it handles it a lot better with those networks. So when something goes wrong in the rather terribly buggy CDMA system, the whole phone can and usually does fail. If Verizon Wireless had upgraded the CDMA2000 system to UMTS HSPA+ like most other CDMA2000 carriers across the globe, it would have avoided dealing with this problem.
Also, the CDMA/LTE Galaxy Nexus lies to you (at least, it does now). Originally, the “bars” that indicate signal strength would actually indicate the signal strength of LTE if it was connected to an LTE network. When everyone started complaining about how weak the signal was compared to the Motorola DROID RAZR and Motorola DROID Bionic, [http://www.anandtech.com/show/5254/investigating-the-galaxy-nexus-lte-signal-issue Anandtech investigated]. It turned out that the signal strength was actually accurate, and that LTE signals are incredibly weak. Previous devices used the CDMA signal strength to determine how many “bars” of signal you have. The Galaxy Nexus did not. It used the LTE signal strength when it was connected to LTE, and the CDMA signal strength when it wasn’t. Verizon Wireless issued an update shortly afterward that changed the behavior to match older LTE devices. Newer LTE devices do the same as well.
Combining the fact that the Galaxy Nexus has to work incredibly hard to maintain an LTE signal with the fact that the CDMA2000 radio is horrible and has a difficult time holding onto the connection will lead anyone to the conclusion that it is a recipe for disaster. Is it any wonder why Jason Perlow and many others have so many problems with the CDMA/LTE version of the Galaxy Nexus? Not really.
Of course, this is excluding all the issues with timely updates that Verizon Wireless has caused for Galaxy Nexus owners. Including this issue just makes the problem worse. There are ways to work around some of the issues, though some workarounds will result in permanent degradation of performance. However, it doesn’t mean anything if it takes forever for anyone to get any updates that implement them.
In the end, I really can’t solidly recommend the CDMA/LTE version of the Galaxy Nexus to anyone. Nor can I recommend any CDMA2000 device that uses a VIA Telecom CDMA baseband modem. The pitfalls just make it a bad experience for everyone.


Part 1:Network Design
Corporation Techs provides remote and on-site support to small and mid-size businesses. Clients use Corporation Techs’ services to solve problems involving malware removal, to manage data recovery and network issues, and to install hardware and software.
Due to recent developments, most technical representatives will begin working from home within the next six months. Because Corporation Techs provides 24/7 support, its systems and communications pathways must be fully operational at all times. In addition, the company has been experiencing unprecedented growth and is preparing to double its client-facing staff.
You are a junior network architect who is responsible for helping to plan and design network enhancements to create a more secure internal network, and to ensure secure remote access.
For this part of the project, perform the following tasks:
1. Conduct research to determine the best network design to ensure the security of internal access while retaining public website availability.
2. Design a network configuration with physical and logical topologies. Identify major network elements (e.g., servers, switches, gateways) and their locations within the private and protected network segments.
3. Include a high-level plan that ensures communications are available 24/7.
4. Recommend whether to continue using IPv4 or upgrade to IPv6, and explain why.
5. Create a basic network diagram that illustrates the current network and enhancements. Include a few workstations to represent all workstations on the internal network. The diagram will be very high level at this stage and include only necessary details. You may use a software tool or simply pencil and paper. You will update this design later in the project.
6. Create a draft report detailing all information as supportive documentation.
7. Cite sources, where appropriate.
§ Course textbook
- Format: Microsoft Word (or compatible)
- Font: Arial, size 12, double-space
- Citation style: Your school’s preferred style guide
- Length of report: 3–4 pages


Joined: 2020 Nov
05/08/2021, 03:46 PM (This post was last modified: 05/08/2021, 03:51 PM by Lynx.)
I have beenexperimenting with QoS-CAKE, in which ideallythe 'WAN packet overhead' is ascertained.
Since I use a VPN, by using 'tcpdump -vpni' on 'eth0' vs 'tun11' interfaces, I have determined that the OpenVPN encapsulation adds 53 bytes to each packet.
But I need to enter the overhead associated with 4G LTE transmission. That is a harder number to determine.
Mindful of, e.g.:
Quote:Over the Iu-ps interface 1400 byte will avoid fragmentation. This is a conservative value to accommodate the protocol layer header overheads. The possible overheads over the Iu-ps interface (GTP/UDP/lower-IP) are the following: GTP main header = 12 bytes GTP extension header = 4 bytes UDP header = 8 bytes IPv4 header = 20 bytes (without optional IPv4 fields), or IPv6 header = 40 bytes (without optional IPv6 headers). The maximum headers size is then 12+4+8+40=64 bytes. The MTU for IPv4 and IPv6 is 1500 bytes. So, the maximum SDU size would be 1500-64=1436 bytes. 1400 bytes is a safer value.
(as an aside,this makes me wonder:what is the optimal MTU set for a 4G LTE connection?Should this value be the same in OpenVPN?)
Any idea of the 'WAN packet overhead' for use with 4G LTE? I mean, what is the WAN packet overhead in bytes associated with the 4G LTE encapsulation around the payload? Is it fixed?
Joined: 2020 Jan
05/08/2021, 07:45 PM (This post was last modified: 05/08/2021, 07:47 PM by Seán.)
You can determine the MTU of your 4G connection with a ping test. ICMP has an overhead of 28 bytes for the packet size, so by determining the largest packet size you can ping a host such as 126.96.36.199 with without packet fragmentation, you can add 28 bytes to determine the optimal MTU for your 4G connection.
Try the following in the command line without the VPN connection:
ping -f -l 1472 188.8.131.52
The '-f' means do not fragment and the '-l' specifies the ping byte size.
If you get a"Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set" or "Request timed out" reply, reduce the 1472 value by 10 or 20 and repeat until you get a "Reply from 184.108.40.206". Then repeat increasing the value by 2 until it stops replying.
Whatever is the highest value to give a reply, add 28 and this is the optimal MTU.
On my 4G connection, I get a reply at 1472, i.e. adding 28 gives the standard IPv4 MTU size. However, I have used 4G connections that have a much lower MTU size such as 1440, particularly with the Eir 4G network here. PPPoE connections such as DSL based typically have an MTU size of 1492. VPNs typically have the MTU size set at 1400, so you'll likely find that 1372 is the largest value that will give a ping reply above while connected to the VPN.
Cloudflare seems to use an MTU of 1300 based on 1272 largest size before it fragments.
Joined: 2020 Nov
05/08/2021, 08:45 PM (This post was last modified: 05/08/2021, 08:49 PM by Lynx.)
Thanks Seán. Like you I get 1472 (for both output through WAN and also via OpenVPN), making my optimal MTU 1500 according to the above technique. However, I am a little suspicious that this technique works for 4G LTE given the 4G LTE overhead itself. Does this necessarily show that we are not getting fragmentation at the 4G LTE transmission level? I read somewhere that actually a lower/higher value might be more appropriate for 4G LTE given the 4G LTE overhead.
In terms of the complete overhead, I am trying to ascertain the overhead in speed terms and also in byte terms. Given that speedtest.net and the like reports 'goodput', or 'net speed', do you know what the 'gross speed' is given overheads that is transmitted to result in that 'goodput'? Like how many bytes/second gross are needed to give, say, 50Mbit/s on speedtest.net? I suppose if we know how many encapsulation bytes 4G LTE uses, we could estimate this?
I am optimizing my QoS-CAKE implementation, and I somehow need to determine:
a) LTE/4G overhead bytes associated with the 1500 byte payload
b) the gross speed to be determined based on the bandwidth measurement and a) above.
Joined: 2020 Jan
05/08/2021, 09:58 PM
The 4G overhead goes outside the Ethernet packet, which is transparently taken care of by the modem, so the cellular network can carry Ethernet packets with the full 1500 byte payload. This is different to a PPPoE or VPN connection that goes inside the Ethernet payload.
A standard Ethernet packet (without VLAN) has 26 bytes of overhead and a 12 byte interpacket gap. With an MTU size of 1500, the total Physical Layer 1 size is 1538 bytes. TCP has between 20 and 60 bytes of overhead that goes inside the Ethernet payload. For a payload throughput of 50Mbps (such as Speed test.net), MTU size of 1500 and assuming a 20 byte TCP overhead and no retransmissions, the RAW throughput would be ~51.89Mbps (50 / 1480 * 1538).
For the reverse such as the router showing 20Mbps current download activity, this would work out at 19.25Mbps TCP payload traffic.
Wikipedia article on the Ethernet frame overhead:
Wikipedia article on the Transmission Control Protocol:
Joined: 2020 Nov
09/08/2021, 02:11 PM (This post was last modified: 09/08/2021, 02:22 PM by Lynx.)
Thanks a lot for this insight. I have set WAN packet overhead to 91 (53 for VPN overhead + 38 for ethernet overhead). Not sure if this is correct, but seems best guess. I don't see bufferbloat now at what for me is an acceptable dl/ul (30/25 Mbit/s net).
Are you at all tempted to try one of the Asus routers with the Asus Merlin custom firmware? I have had so much fun with this option. It feels to me like I get so much more out of my LTE connection now.
I bought the RT-AX86u. It gets very good reviews online for Wi-Fi performance and overall specs: CPU quad-core 1.8GHz Broadcom BCM4908KFEBG SoC (ARM Cortex A53); and RAM 1GB (2x 512MB) Nanya NT5CC256M16ER-EK. See, e.g.:
And put on this software:
Earlier I tried OpenWRT on another device, but what I like about the Asus option is the mix of proprietary (e.g. for good Wi-Fi drivers) and configurability with custom firmware.
I am super impressed with what I have been able to implement on mine:
- OpenVPN encryption performed by the router
- DNSFilter: enables you to set up specific DNS servers for particular devices. I haveCleanBrowsing (Family) set globally, but DNS queries from television MAC addresses are hijacked and redirected via VPN tunnelto keep Amazon Prime and Netflix happy through VPN (with choice of location).
- Cake-QOS to fix max dl/ul to handle bufferbloat. I find taking big bandwidth hit to work with e.g. 30/25 preferable to the latency spike I see with bufferbloat.
- USB 3.0 port that can take SSD / USB stick. I have 16GB USB stick plugged into back of router. Can be shared as samba share. Can also plug in SSD drive.
- sophisticated AD blocking via 'Diversion': https://diversion.ch/diversion/faq.html
- dual WAN options with balancing / failover
- SSH interface exposing linux architecture that can allow installing all sorts of software / scripts / network monitoring.
To give anexample of the flexibility afforded by setting upa custom script,I have set up a USB samba share that my scanner can write to, then file system change detection that detects write to directory, then uses 'rclone' to send scanned file to OneDrive for business:
log_file="/mnt/SanDisk/upload-scans-log.txt" while [[ true ]]; do if ! rclone --config "$rclone_config_file" move "$scans_dir" "$upload_dir" --include "*.pdf" >"$log_file" 2>&1; then if ! inotifywait -r -e modify,create,move --include "\.pdf" --format '%T %:e %f' --timefmt '%c' "$scans_dir" >"$log_file" 2>&1; then done
admin@RT-AX86U-4168:/tmp/home/root# cat /jffs/scripts/upload-scans
while [[ true ]]; do
if ! rclone --config "$rclone_config_file" move "$scans_dir" "$upload_dir" --include "*.pdf" >"$log_file" 2>&1; then
if ! inotifywait -r -e modify,create,move --include "\.pdf" --format '%T %:e %f' --timefmt '%c' "$scans_dir" >"$log_file" 2>&1; then
By default, the MTU is 1500 bytes for the LTE cellular interfaces or LTE channel interfaces.What is the best MTU for WAN? ›
It is generally recommended that the MTU for a WAN interface connected to a PPPoE DSL network be 1492. In fact, with auto MTU discovery, 1492 is discovered to be the maximum allowed MTU. However, having an MTU of 1452 is most optimal.What is the max MTU size for LTE? ›
The MTU for LTE is 1428 and WiMax is 1400. By changing the MTU and\or MSS you can achieve greater reliability when using cellular data services by avoiding fragmentation.What is the MTU size for WAN setup? ›
The default MTU size is 1500, however for some networking technologies reducing the MTU size and allowing fragmentation can help eliminate some connectivity problems occurring at the protocol level.What is a good 4G LTE signal strength? ›
The closer the number is to 0, the better the signal strength. For example, -50 dBm is a strong signal; anything lower than -85 dBm can cause slow or no connection. Through this tool, you can determine if the location of your device is causing a weak signal.What is the bandwidth of 4G LTE? ›
LTE offers only 100 Mbps, while true 4G offers up to 1,000 Mbps. However, if we take a look at the LTE-A speeds, the difference disappears as it also offers 1,000 Mbps.What is the MTU size for 5G LTE? ›
By default, the MTU of a 5G cellular interface or 5G cellular channel interface is 1500 bytes.What happens if MTU is too high? ›
Routers that support IPv6 will not fragment IPv6 packets, so if the test packets exceed the MTU, the routers drop the packets and send back corresponding ICMP messages without checking for a Don't Fragment flag.Does increasing MTU increase Internet speed? ›
One of the easiest things you can do to increase your Internet speed is to adjust your router's MTU setting. MTU stands for Maximum Transmission Unit. It is essentially the setting that limits the maximum size of a packet that can be sent across a network.How many Mbps should 4G LTE be? ›
Cable. Verizon 4G LTE wireless broadband is 10 times faster than 3G — able to handle download speeds between 5 and 12 Mbps (Megabits per second) and upload speeds between 2 and 5 Mbps, with peak download speeds approaching 50 Mbps. Cable speeds vary, but 4 to 12 Mbps are common. Why are megabits per second important?
1480 is just fine. If you are using wireless then try wired. Also the hubs have dodgy UPnP which either isn't fully compatible with Xbox one or just randomly stops working depending on the hub version.What is the maximum data rate in 4G? ›
4G users get speeds of up to 100 Mbps, while 3G only promised a peak speed of 14 Mbps. With 4G download speeds, wireless users can stream high-definition video and audio.Why MTU 1472? ›
The reason for this is that by default, Juniper uses the standard IP MTU of 1500. Along with the default size, you have to account for 8 bytes being used for the ICMP header and another 20 bytes for the IP address. As such, 1472 bytes is the largest payload that you can set where you have "do fragment" turned off.Does changing MTU size affect speed? ›
The MTU size of the network can have a large impact on performance. The use of large MTU sizes allows the operating system to send fewer packets of a larger size to reach the same network throughput.Should I set MTU to 9000? ›
Generally, switches and routers should have an MTU of 9216 while nodes have the MTU set to 9000 bytes. When devices are configured incorrectly problems will usually be intermittent.How can I improve my 4G signal strength? ›
- Get a New Phone/Hotspot. If you're using an old device, a new phone or hotspot may allow you to connect to new bands. ...
- Use External Antennas [Best for Hotspots] ...
- Use a MIMO Signal Booster [Best for Phones]
Band 3 (1800 MHz): The most popular global band for LTE.What is the fastest speed for LTE? ›
LTE wireless broadband is about 10x faster than the 3G network and has an average download speed of 12-30 Megabits per second. It can also handle uploads to the internet at 2-5 MBps. There is no set standard for LTE speed.Which 4G band is fastest? ›
- Frequencies that can provide LTE: Band 2 (1900 MHz) Band 5 (850 MHz) Band 4 (1700/2100 MHz) ...
- 4G LTE offers fast download speeds, up to 50% faster speeds than 3G. See Data speeds.
- Voice and data services only work at the same time when on you have VoLTE enabled on your device. Otherwise, LTE only provides data.
Add 28 to that number (IP/ICMP headers) to get the optimal MTU setting. For example, if the largest packet size from ping tests is 1462, add 28 to 1462 to get a total of 1490 which is the optimal MTU setting.
The standard size MTU for Ethernet is 1,500 bytes. This does not include the Ethernet header of 18 or 20 bytes, and is the theoretical maximum amount of data that can be transmitted by the physical link. The MTU of any higher-level protocols must fit within this MTU.Is 1500 MTU good? ›
The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) states how big a single packet can be. Generally speaking, when you are talking to devices on your own LAN the MTU will be around 1500 bytes and the internet runs almost universally on 1500 as well.What is normal MTU size? ›
The normal or default MTU size typically used is 1500 bytes and for a larger MTU size 9000 bytes tends to be the common choice. While 9000 bytes is typically used as a large MTU size, it also spans more than two physical 4K pages of memory.What happens if MTU is too small? ›
The main problem with MTU size being reduced across the network is that some applications may not work well in this environment. To complicate matters, some routers ignore packet-too-big messages and keep sending packets that exceed the MTU.Is it better to have a lower MTU? ›
Increasing the MTU can improve performance, and decreasing the MTU can resolve packet loss and fragmentation problems when it is too high.What is MTU size in IPv4? ›
MTUs for common media
The MTU should not be confused with the minimum datagram size that all hosts must be prepared to accept. This is 576 bytes for IPv4 and of 1280 bytes for IPv6. Systems may use Path MTU Discovery to find the actual path MTU. Routing from larger MTU to smaller MTU causes IP fragmentation.
First, “4G” represents the fourth generation of mobile technology, the next big advancement after 3G. And “long-term evolution,” or “LTE,” is industry jargon used to describe the particular type of 4G that delivers the fastest mobile internet experience.Is 4G LTE faster than 5G? ›
5G is significantly quicker than LTE. In 2008, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) recommended that data throughput on LTE networks needs to be as high as 1 Gb/s in ideal low-mobility circumstances.Is 4G LTE faster than Wi-Fi? ›
Speed: The standard data transfer speed for Wi-Fi is between 11Mbps to 1Gbps depending on its specifications. LTE, on the other hand, offers data transfer speeds between 100 Mbps and 1Gbps.Is it safe to change MTU size? ›
Changing the maximum transfer unit (MTU) setting on your router may boost your overall network speed performance significantly. However, choosing the wrong setting could cripple your router and crush your overall network speeds to a level that is unbearable.
4G networks provide higher Internet speeds when compared to a 3G network. The difference between these two networks does not affect your mobile data consumption.Is MTU 1500 or 1472? ›
For our transmission media, the TCP and IP headers make up a total of 28 bytes (8 bytes + 20 bytes). Therefore, 1472 bytes + 28 bytes gives us the actual MTU size, which is 1500 bytes. This is typically the MTU size allowed by most Ethernet networks at the network layer.Does 4G use massive MIMO? ›
As a massive-antenna technology in the 4G era, Massive MIMO has been widely regarded as an ever-energizing technology since 4G roll out. This revolutionary technology is a great prelude to the future-oriented network.What is the maximum bandwidth of 4G? ›
4G offers maximum real-world download speeds up to around 100Mbps, making it over 20 times faster than 3G. Theoretical maximum 4G speeds are significantly higher at 300Mbps, although such speeds are only achievable in controlled laboratory environments.Which bandwidth is best for 4G network *? ›
Each generation of wireless cellular technology has introduced increased bandwidth speeds and network capacity. 4G users get speeds of up to 100 Mbps, while 3G only promised a peak speed of 14 Mbps.Does changing MTU increase speed? ›
Increasing the MTU can improve performance, and decreasing the MTU can resolve packet loss and fragmentation problems when it is too high.Does LTE support different MIMO? ›
LTE uses MIMO for transmit diversity, spatial multiplexing (to transmit spatially separated independent channels), and single-user and multiuser systems. MIMO in LTE enables more reliable transmission of data, while also increasing data rates. It separates the data into individual streams before transmission.Is 4x4 MIMO better than 2x2 MIMO? ›
Under strong signal conditions 4x4 provides around a 90% improvement over 2x2 MIMO, and under weak conditions as high as 160% faster than 2x2.What protocol does 4G use? ›
4G is All-IP
Like 3G, 4G networks are IP-based (Internet protocol), meaning that it uses a standard communications protocol to send and receive data in packets. Unlike 3G, however, 4G uses IP even for voice data. It is an all-IP standard.


On Fri, 22 Jun 2012 18:42:12 +0000 (UTC), Christof Meerwald
Post by Christof Meerwald
It's based on the IP address of the host (Open Watcom server), not the
sender's email address.
Post by Paul S. Person
Or am I confusing "host" with "sender"? Is this a routing problem?
That is, is the host they are getting the message from directly (not
ours) the problem?
There is no further routing involved.
And yet, when I have my D-Link router, which is physically attached to
my XP computer, send its log as email and download it to my XP
computer, it shows this routing:
Received: from mx-laughing.atl.sa.earthlink.net ([126.96.36.199])
by mdl-afraid.atl.sa.earthlink.net (EarthLink SMTP Server)
with SMTP id 1sIb1hPE3Nl36X0; Fri, 22 Jun 2012 17:03:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from elasmtp-mealy.atl.sa.earthlink.net ([188.8.131.52])
by mx-laughing.atl.sa.earthlink.net (EarthLink SMTP Server)
with ESMTP id 1sIb1g5Mq3Nl36H0
for <***@earthlink.net>; Fri, 22 Jun 2012 17:03:54 -0400
Received: from [184.108.40.206] (helo=localhost)
by elasmtp-mealy.atl.sa.earthlink.net with esmtpa (Exim 4.67)
for ***@earthlink.net; Fri, 22 Jun 2012 17:03:54 -0400
Looks like at least three servers are involved. Allowing one for
receiving the message from the router and one for conveying the
message to my XP computer, that still leaves one intermediate server.
Are you sure there are no intermediate servers involved in your tests?
"Nature must be explained in
her own terms through
the experience of our senses."