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The Bluetooth Remote Monitoring panel comes standard with built-in Verizon LTE Radio, Ethernet Port, and built in WiFi for a variety of communication channels. It uses a Bluetooth BLE 5, long-range wireless receiver to easily provide whole home coverage. It’s wireless communication allow it to be installed at a location convenient for Internet and power connections. The Bluetooth Hub will communicate with all AIP Monitoring Bluetooth sensors, and select health sensors to provide health data to the portal.
The Alula RE6100P-XX Connect+ panel comes standard with built-in Verizon LTE Radio, Connect+ Receiver and Ethernet Port. Optional WiFi cards (RE926RS) provide primary or backup communication channels. Its long-range encrypted wireless receiver easily provides whole-home coverage. Its wireless communication allow it to be installed at a location convenient for Internet and power connections.
The MTN, Motion Sensor can be mounted on a wall, or with its bevelled edges, in a corner. The LED motion detected light can be easily turned off. The MTN has a sensing range of 25’.
Blood glucose provides user with accurate, plasma-calibrated results based on electrochemical sense technology and he superior capillary sampling. It only require a small amount pf blood, the result is precisely calculated and displayed.
- Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth 4.0)
- Principle: Electrochemical Bisensor
- Use only Andesfit Test Strips
- Blood Sample Volume: 1.0uL (Glucose)
- Measuring Time: 10 sec (Glucose)
- Power: 2*AAA Battery
• Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth4.0) • SpO2 Measuring Range: 35%-100% • SpO2 Accuracy: 70%-100% ±2%; 35%~69% no definition • Pulse Rate Measuring Range: 25~250bpm • Pulse Rate Accuracy: ±2bpm • OLED display • Automatic Shut-off: After 10s of no indication on the sensor • Operated by 2 x 1.5V AAA batteries


$12 million is now available for grants to establish broadband in unserved rural communities through the Community Connect Program.
Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack has announced $12 million in funding for grants to establish broadband in unserved rural communities through its Community Connect Program, which is administered by U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Rural Utilities Service and supports broadband deployment into rural communities where it is not economically viable for private sector providers to provide service.
"Through Community Connect and our other telecommunications programs, USDA helps to ensure that rural residents have access to broadband to run businesses, get the most from their education and benefit from the infinite services that fast, reliable broadband provides," Secretary Vilsack said in a release. "USDA is committed to supporting America's rural communities through targeted investments in our bioeconomy and renewable energy, local and regional food systems, conservation initiatives and rural development."
The grants fund broadband infrastructure to help foster economic growth by delivering connectivity to the global marketplace and also support broadband for community centers and public institutions, USDA said.
Up to $11.7 million in grants will be available through the program, the department said, for awards ranging from $100,000 to $3 million in FY2016.
Eligible applicants include colleges and universities; for-profit organizations; nonprofit organizations; and state, local and Native American tribal governments; among others
The deadline to apply is June 17, 2016.
To learn move, visit grants.gov and search FON# RDRUS-CC-2016.


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The enLight Smart City Pilot Kit
The new enLight® Smart City Pilot Kit is a combination of an enLight lighting upgrade with a selection of enSenseTM sensors for monitoring air quality, noise levels, localised flooding and microclimate levels. The kits enable local authorities to try out new smart city data collection technologies and use the data to build a business case for a larger deployment.
By deploying the enLight platform on lamp posts across the city, town or campus, a whole host of smart applications can be realised by utilising the network created by the lights.
Download this pdf for more information on our cost effective smart city deployment platform.


SKYWARN Net Operation
Primary operations on the K9BAR repeater system:
VHF 2-meters: 147.330 MHz, + 600 kHz offset, 107.2 Hz PL tone
UHF 70-centimeters: 443.525 MHz, +5 MHz offset, 114.8 Hz PL tone
These repeaters are cross-linked for transmit and receive operation.
Should it be necessary, access to an alternate repeater is provided by the Naperville EMA Amateur Radio Club, and can be reached at 443.050 MHz, +, 114.8 Hz PL tone.
You do not need to be a trained spotter to check into the net. The Net Control Operator will broadcast check-in and check-out procedures.
SKYWARN Net is held every first Thursday of the month beginning in October thru February, and every Thursday during the months of March thru September at 8:30 PM, or immediately following the Weekly Information Net, on this K9BAR repeater.
Skywarn Net Control Operator: Greg - K9GLM
All in-person training events have been canceled for the remainder of 2020 due to COVID-19.
There are two ways to become a trained storm spotter:
1. Attend a NWS Spotter Training Class - Find A Class Near You
2. Complete online training - MetEd Online SKYWARN Spotter Training
You need to complete Spotter Training every two years to stay current.
Weather Radar - LOT


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JFrog Connect Agent is a lightweight software service that keeps your devices connected 24/7. When you register a device with JFrog Connect, the Connect Agent is installed on the device.
Connect Agent was designed with a few key points in mind to give you a simple and secure experience:
- Lightweight - Consumes about 4MB of disk space and about 11 MB of RAM.
- Always on - The Connect Agent service is always running in the background. Even when there is no Internet connection, the agent will always keep the device accessible remotely when the connection returns.
- Zero dependencies - Designed to run like an add-on, i.e., no additional installations are required to make it work.
- Smart network behavior - Only communicates as a client, using port 443 with the Connect Server. No open network ports or listening servers are required on the edge and IoT devices.
Connect Agent sends regular heartbeat messages to the Connect Server. The messages include updates on your edge device’s up/down status, CPU, RAM, and disk usage. The heartbeat messages also provide updates on any of the processes and custom data being monitored. The default heartbeat interval is 25 seconds, and this can be configured in the Settings (in the JFrog Connect console) to best suit your use-case needs.
In addition, the Connect Agent:
- Facilitates the software updates to the edge device according to the blocks defined in the Update Flows
- Enables remote access and control commands to the device
- Enables creation and configuration of firewall rules on the devices
- Retrieves logs and any kind of data file stored on the device according to your request
The Connect Agent is project linked. This allows agents in different projects to have different configuration settings such as communication cycle and user access parameters. If you have multiple projects configured and you register a new agent, you will need to ensure that you associate the new agent with the intended project.
An agent acts as standalone software with regard to installation. If you re-install the same version of an agent on the same device, the new agent will have a different token and will be counted as a new device. In addition, the old device is not removed from the database in the Connect Server and appears in offline state in the web UI until you delete it.
Connect Agent is designed for easy installation and compatibility on any Linux-based operating system and is suitable for use on a variety of hardware architectures including SOC, SOM, and SBC, as long as the OS is Linux-based.
The Connect Agent is compatible with popular hardware platforms such as NVIDIA Jetson, BeagleBone, and Raspberry Pi, and will work with any hardware platform meeting the following specifications:
Minimum total device resources:
- 30MB RAM
- 30MB Disk space
- ARMv5, ARMv6, ARMv7, ARMv8 - 32 and 64 bit
- Cortex-A required for all ARM processors
- Intel: x86 and x86_64
You can use any Linux-based OS, including:
- Yocto-based build
- Raspberry Pi OS
- Custom Debian build
Systemd/SysV (init.d) service manager must be installed on the client device.
From time to time a new version of the Connect Agent will become available. The Connect Agent updates ensure that IoT devices are running the latest software and are able to communicate with the JFrog platform effectively.
The new agent version is not deployed automatically. When a new version is available, you can initiate an OTA update process at your convenience to update the agents on your connected devices. The update process takes place in the following stages:
- 1.Agent Version Management: Connect keeps track of the versions of the agents running on each device and compares them to the latest version available.
- 2.Notification: When a new version of the agent is available, a notification including the new version number appears in the web UI and a release note will be available.
- 3.Initiation: In the Connect Agent Update page, you initiate the OTA update process.
- 4.Update Verification: Connect verifies that the update has been applied successfully to each device. If a device fails to update, Connect can retry the update or alert the appropriate personnel.
- 5.Post-update Verification: After the update process completes, Connect can verify that the new version of the agent is running (online/offline) on each device.
When a new device is added to Connect, the device is assigned a device identity that includes a unique key. The key is stored both in Connect and on the device itself.
Connect uses an identification-response protocol that verifies the device identity every time a communication cycle is completed.
- The device sends its device identity (i.e., its key) to the Connect server to initiate the authentication process.
- Connect then verifies the authenticity of the key and sends a response to the device.
This authentication mechanism ensures that only devices with a valid device identity can access Connect and receive OTA updates. The mechanism also provides a secure channel for device communications, which helps prevent unauthorized access.


Kubernetes Networking: concept and overview from underlying perspective
Kubernetes was built to run distributed systems on a cluster of nodes. Understanding the concept of kubernetes networking could help you correctly understanding how to run, monitor and trouble shooting your applications on kubernetes, even more you can know how to choosing the suitable distributed system for yourself by knowing how to comparing them well.
To understand it's networking configuration, we have to start from
container and how the operating system provides these resource
isolations. We start from
network namespace this concept of Linux, and
create a mock environment for learning how it works as container does.
Now, let's begin!
1. 1 Network namespace
Before we start, my environment is
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, and here is the
$ uname -a Linux test-linux 4.15.0-1032-gcp #34-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 8 13:02:46 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
1.1. 1.1 Create new network namespace
# create network namespace net0 $ ip netns add net0 # create network namespace net1 $ ip netns add net1 # then check $ ip netns list net1 net0 (id: 0)
Now we have several network namespaces could emit process on it, but the
process can't connect to other networks is meaningless. To solve this
problem, we have to create a tunnel for them, in Linux, we can use
veth pair to connect two namespaces directly.
1.2. 1.2 Create veth pair
# new veth pair $ ip link add type veth # assign veth0 to net0 $ ip link set veth0 netns net0 # assign veth1 to net1 $ ip link set veth1 netns net1 $ ip netns exec net0 ip link set veth0 up # assign ip 10.0.1.2 to veth0, you can use `ip addr` to check it $ ip netns exec net0 ip addr add 10.0.1.2/24 dev veth0 $ ip netns exec net1 ip link set veth1 up # assign ip 10.0.1.3 to veth1 $ ip netns exec net1 ip addr add 10.0.1.3/24 dev veth1
NOTE: An important thing is
veth paircan't exist alone if you remove one, another would be removed.
ping the network namespace
$ ip netns exec net0 ping 10.0.1.3 -c 3
tcpdump from target network namespace, of course, you should run
tcpdump before you
$ ip netns exec net1 tcpdump -v -n -i veth1 tcpdump: listening on veth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 13:54:11.800223 IP6 (hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 16) fe80::905d:ccff:fe4a:cd81 > ff02::2: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, router solicitation, length 16 source link-address option (1), length 8 (1): 92:5d:cc:4a:cd:81 13:54:12.400440 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 45855, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.2 > 10.0.1.3: ICMP echo request, id 1433, seq 1, length 64 13:54:12.400464 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 41348, offset 0, flags [none], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.3 > 10.0.1.2: ICMP echo reply, id 1433, seq 1, length 64 13:54:13.464163 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 45912, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.2 > 10.0.1.3: ICMP echo request, id 1433, seq 2, length 64 13:54:13.464189 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 41712, offset 0, flags [none], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.3 > 10.0.1.2: ICMP echo reply, id 1433, seq 2, length 64 13:54:14.488184 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 46671, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.2 > 10.0.1.3: ICMP echo request, id 1433, seq 3, length 64 13:54:14.488221 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 41738, offset 0, flags [none], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.3 > 10.0.1.2: ICMP echo reply, id 1433, seq 3, length 64
HTTP can work also. HTTP server:
$ ip netns exec net1 python3 -m http.server Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 ... # After you execute the following command here would show 10.0.1.2 - - [15/May/2019 13:55:41] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
$ ip netns exec net0 curl 10.0.1.3:8000 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title>Directory listing for /</title>
Directory listing for /

.bash_history

.bash_logout

.bashrc

.config/

.docker/

.profile

.theia/

[email protected]

veth pair could help you connect two network namespaces,
however, it can't work with more. While we are working on an environment
with more than two network namespaces, we would need a more powerful
1.3. 1.3 Create a virtual bridge
# create bridge $ ip link add br0 type bridge $ ip link set dev br0 up # create veth pair for net0, veth0 & veth1 $ ip link add type veth # create veth pair for net1, veth2 & veth3 $ ip link add type veth # set up veth pair of net0 $ ip link set dev veth0 netns net0 # You would find veth0 disappeared now by `ip link` $ ip netns exec net0 ip link set dev veth0 name eth0 $ ip netns exec net0 ip addr add 10.0.1.2/24 dev eth0 $ ip netns exec net0 ip link set dev eth0 up # bind veth pair of net0 to br0 $ ip link set dev veth1 master br0 $ ip link set dev veth1 up # set up veth pair of net1 $ ip link set dev veth2 netns net1 $ ip netns exec net1 ip link set dev veth2 name eth0 $ ip netns exec net1 ip addr add 10.0.1.3/24 dev eth0 $ ip netns exec net1 ip link set dev eth0 up # bind veth pair of net1 to br0 $ ip link set dev veth3 master br0 $ ip link set dev veth3 up
net0 to check our bridge network.
$ ip netns exec net0 ping 10.0.1.3 -c 3 PING 10.0.1.3 (10.0.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.051 ms --- 10.0.1.3 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2038ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.030/0.046/0.059/0.014 ms
tcpdump our bridge:
$ tcpdump -v -n -i br0 tcpdump: listening on br0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 12:43:39.619458 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 63269, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.2 > 10.0.1.3: ICMP echo request, id 3046, seq 1, length 64 12:43:39.619553 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 54235, offset 0, flags [none], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.3 > 10.0.1.2: ICMP echo reply, id 3046, seq 1, length 64 12:43:40.635730 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 63459, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.2 > 10.0.1.3: ICMP echo request, id 3046, seq 2, length 64 12:43:40.635764 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 54318, offset 0, flags [none], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.3 > 10.0.1.2: ICMP echo reply, id 3046, seq 2, length 64 12:43:41.659714 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 63548, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.2 > 10.0.1.3: ICMP echo request, id 3046, seq 3, length 64 12:43:41.659742 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 54462, offset 0, flags [none], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.0.1.3 > 10.0.1.2: ICMP echo reply, id 3046, seq 3, length 64 12:43:44.859619 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.0.1.2 tell 10.0.1.3, length 28 12:43:44.859638 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.0.1.3 tell 10.0.1.2, length 28 12:43:44.859686 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 10.0.1.2 is-at 0a:e0:a1:07:b7:c9, length 28 12:43:44.859689 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 10.0.1.3 is-at d2:b6:de:2f:4e:f6, length 28
As you thought,
br0 would get the traffic from
we have topology looks like:
At the final of the output of
tcpdump we can see some ARP
request/reply, we would talk about it in the next section.
To get more info:
2. 2 ARP
ARP(Address Resolution Protocol) is a communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address associated with a given internet layer address.
NOTE: In IPv6(Internet Protocol Version 6), the functionality of ARP provided by NDP(Neighbor Discovery Protocol).
We aren't going to show the whole packet layout of ARP, but mention the part we care in the case.
The working process is:
- send ARP request packet with source MAC and source IP and target IP to broadcast address
- the machine thought it has this target IP would send ARP reply packet contains it's MAC address
- the machine sends ARP request would cache the mapping of IP and MAC into ARP cache, so next time it doesn't have to send ARP request again.
NOTE: others endpoint would ignore non-interested ARP request
At the previous section, we can see both sides send ARP request to get another IP's information.
To get more info:
3. 3 Pod to Pod
Pod is the unit of kubernetes, so the most basic networking is how to connect from PodA to PodB. We would get two situation:
- two Pod at the same Node
- two Pod at the different Node
Node can is a VM or machine which owned by kubernetes cluster.
In the following discussion we are all based on
this implementation. Kubelet would need to set
3.1. 3.1 Pods at the same Node
In this case, it just as the first section, Pods would connect to the
same bridge, in case called:
Kubenet creates a Linux bridge named
cbr0and creates a veth pair for each pod with the host end of each pair connected to
Since we already talk about this way, we don't spend more time at here, the interesting part is, how to allow Pods on
- 3.2 Pods at the different Node
When container networking have to work with other host of container, the problem would show. At the tranditional environment we do not care the cluster consist of serveral host of container. In old networking model we thought any container have to connect to outside world must using a host port to do that. But in cluster world, port is a limited resource which would cause we can't scale the cluster well! That's why we have CNM and CNI these models. We aren't going to discuss their detail, but mention the possible approach of real world networking topology.
Two Pod at the different Node won't be able to using the same bridge, which means we can't directly let packet pass through between them.
The whole packet flow would like:
- PodA send ARP
- ARP will fail, then Bridge
cbr0would send the packet out the default route:
- routing send the packet to default gateway
- default gateway send packet to correct host via CIDR,
e.g. =10.0.2.101= to
- the VM owned PodB CIDR would judge this packet should send to itself
cbr0send the packet to PodB finally
3.1.1. Firgure 3.3 CIDR nodes with default gateway
4. 4 Pod to Service
We show how to route traffic between Pods and their IP addresses. The model works good until we have to scale the Pod. To make Kubernetes be a great system, we need to have the ability to add/delete resource automatically, which is the main feature of Kubernetes, now problem comes, because we could remove the Pod, we couldn't trust it's IP, since the new Pod won't get the same IP mostly.
To solve the problem, Kubernetes provide an abstraction called Service. A Service had some selectors and some port mappings with a cluster IP, which means it would select Pods as it's backend by selector and to loadbalancing for them and forward packets by port mappings. So whatever how Pods been created or deleted, Service would find those Pods with labels matched selectors, and we only have to know the IP of Service than know all IPs of Pods.
Now, let's take a look at how it works.
4.1. 4.1 iptables and netfilter
Kubernetes relies on
netfilter – the networking framework bulit-in
To get more info about
netfilter please take a look at:
iptables is one of userspace tools based on the
a table-based system for defining rules for manipulating and
transforming packets. In Kubernetes,
kube-proxy controller would
iptables rules by watching the changes from API server. The
rule monitoring the traffic to the cluster IP of Service and picking a
IP from IPs of Pods then forwarding the traffic to the picked IP by
updating the destination IP from the cluster IP to the picked IP. This
rule would be updated by cluster IP changed, Pod ADDED, Pod DELETED.
Which means loadbalancing already been done on the machine to take
traffic directed to cluster IP to an actual IP of Pod.
After the destination IP be updated, the networking model would fall back to the Pod to Pod model.
You can get more details of
4.2. 4.2 loadbalancing
Now I would create some
iptables rules to mock a Service for static
IPs. Assuming we have three IPs are:
10.244.1.4 and a cluster IP:
4.2.1. Add one IP after the cluster IP
$ iptables \ -t nat # nat table -A PREROUTING # Append to PREROUTING chain -p tcp # protocol TCP -d 10.0.0.2 # only for the packet to 10.0.0.2 --dport 80 # only for port 80 -j DNAT # DNAT target --to-destination 10.244.1.2:8080 # change destination to 10.244.1.2:8080
Unfortunately, we can't just apply this command on to each IPs we want
to loadbalance, because the first rule would take all the jobs from
others(but our work won't be, damn). That's why
iptables provides a
statistic can work with two different modes:
nth: round robin algorithm
Note: loadbalancing only works during the connection phase of the TCP protocol. Once the connection has been established, the connection would be routed to the same server.
We only introduce round robin here, since it's quite easy to understand and we want to talk about loadbalancing than how loadbalancing works.
$ export CLUSTER_IP=10.0.0.2 $ export SERVICE_PORT=80 $ iptables \ -A PREROUTING \ -p tcp \ -t nat -d $CLUSTER_IP \ --dport $SERVICE_PORT \ -m statistic --mode nth \ --every 3 --packet 0 \ -j DNAT \ --to-destination 10.244.1.2:8080 $ iptables \ -A PREROUTING \ -p tcp \ -t nat -d $CLUSTER_IP \ --dport $SERVICE_PORT \ -m statistic --mode nth \ --every 2 --packet 0 \ -j DNAT \ --to-destination 10.244.1.3:8080 $ iptables \ -A PREROUTING \ -p tcp \ -t nat -d $CLUSTER_IP \ --dport $SERVICE_PORT \ -j DNAT \ --to-destination 10.244.1.4:8080
Now we would have a problem, we send the packet to cluster IP to the Pod directly, but since the source IP is the client Pod IP, target Pod would send reply back to the client Pod would wrong source IP(not cluster IP). Let's simplify these words:
# request send podA -> clusterIP # After iptables podA -> podB # reply send podA <- podB
We can find that connection would be dropped because the destination IP
is not what
So we also have to change the source IP for reply packet:
$ iptables \ -t nat \ -A POSTROUTING \ -p tcp \ -s 10.244.1.2 \ --sport 8080 \ -j SNAT \ --to-source 10.0.0.2:80
Now you finally get a complete connection.
To get more info about loadbalacing & NAT(network address translation):
5. 5 Internet to Service
- 5.1 Egress
Egress is the traffic from Pod to internet, consider a packet from Pod to any external service. e.g. =10.244.1.10 -> 18.104.22.168=
However, the thing is not so easy since that
22.214.171.124has no idea who is
10.244.1.10, because they are not in the same network. So anyway we would need a global IP, it calls masquerading. Now assuming we have an IP
126.96.36.199, our target is changing
188.8.131.52before it reach
184.108.40.206. And then when
220.127.116.11send reply packets, we would change
10.244.1.10to complete the whole connection.
But we have another problem here, what if we have several Pods such outgoing request? How to know which Pod should get the reply packet? A simple way(not going to introduce all NAT way) is allocate a port to each connection, so every Pod outgoing request would get a port, for example:
10.244.1.10:8080 -> 18.104.22.168:53would be rewrote as
22.214.171.124would send reply to
126.96.36.199:61234. If at the same time
10.244.1.11:8080 -> 188.8.131.52:53rewrite as
184.108.40.206:61235 -> 220.127.116.11:53got reply packet, the packet would send to
61235, so we can rewrite the packet correct back to
5.1. 5.2 Ingress
5.1.1. 5.2.1 Load balancer
Load balancer is quite easy to understand since it just provide an IP for your service, and do totally the same thing as internal service IP rewritting then send to correct Pod.
5.1.2. 5.2.2 Ingress controller
Ingress controller is an application layer load balancer.
Example(see https://github.com/dannypsnl/k8s-test-deploys/tree/master/ingress to get full example):
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: hello-world-ingress annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false" nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: / spec: rules: - http: paths: - path: /hello backend: serviceName: hello-svc servicePort: 80 - path: /world backend: serviceName: world-svc servicePort: 80
See example yaml can find that we define
/world, basically ingress controller would handle the root path
http request, and send packet to hello-svc when path has prefix
/hello, and send packet to world-svc when path has prefix
=/world=(ideally, ingress-nginx do pod selection inside of their code,
at least v0.20.0 still acting like that).


Cisco has been the engine of the Internet for over 30 years. Founded in 1984, and headed by CEO Chuck Robbins, the company is based in San Jose. It operates worldwide, and reported sales of $49.3 billion (FY 2020) in its last financial year. Driving the evolution of networking technologies; backed by continued investment in talent, research and development, partnerships and open innovation; Cisco is completely redesigning what networking can do. This will provide a smarter, more secure platform in order to meet the challenges of digital transformation today, and in the future.
Seeing digitalisation as the means to create a more inclusive future for everyone, and to tackle the enormous challenges facing the planet, Cisco is relying on technology to make a positive impact and promote opportunities through a wealth of initiatives. One of these is the Cisco Networking Academy Programme, which the company launched in 1997, and which has so far enabled millions of people – over 240,000 in Italy – to acquire basic and specialist digital skills.
The partnership between Tim, Noovle and Cisco will make it possible to offer innovative, integrated, end-to-end solutions to large companies, SMEs, and in public administration. Working with customers to create the workplace of the future, in a constant process of innovation based on resilience and security, Cisco Systems, a world leader in networking, has developed a broad portfolio of end-to-end and integrated solutions to address the many challenges posed by digital technology. In particular, Cisco is able to provide all the digital architecture necessary to support business operations, ranging from data centres to collaboration. In addition, Noovle has made the security of its customers a priority. From the experience of its partnership with Cisco, it has come to see security and cyber security as the starting point in the design of each service offered.


It addresses systems where a satellite broadcast directly to mobile and handheld receivers in L band or S band and is complemented by terrestrial transmitters. The broadcast content consists of multicast audio (digital radio), video (mobile TV) and data (program guide, text and graphical information, as well as off-line content). The satellite component allows geographical coverage at low cost, whereas the terrestrial component improves reception quality in built up areas. The specifications considers conditional access and Digital Rights Management.
The ETSI SDR is also similar to the Sirius XM Radio, the S-DMB used in South Korea for multimedia broadcasting since May 2005, the China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting (CMMB) and the defunct MobaHo! service (2004-2009). The DVB-SH specifications, which the DVB Project has created, target similar broadcast systems as ETSI SDR.
The ETSI SDR standard allows implementation of parts of such networks in an interoperable way. So far, ETSI has standardized the physical layer of the air interface (radio interface). This allows implementation of demodulators in integrated circuits. The physical layer is described by the following parts of ETSI EN 302 550:
These three parts replace the previous ETSI SDR standards ETSI TS 102 550, ETSI TS 102 551-1 and ETSI TS 102 551-2.
The following technical report contains guidelines for the use of these standards:
The following technical report describes the facts and assumptions on which the SDR standards are based:
Note that in this document the word "may" replaces the word "shall" due to a decision of the ETSI Board in June 2006.
1worldspace, known for most of its existence simply as 'WorldSpace', is a defunct satellite radio network that in its heyday provided service to over 170,000 subscribers in eastern and southern Africa, the Middle East, and much of Asia with 96% coming from India. It was profitable in India, with 450,000 subscribers.Timbre Media along with Saregama India planned to relaunch the company.The satellites AfriStar and AsiaStar however are now being used by the Yazmi USA, LLC run by WorldSpace's former CEO Noah A. Samara. The company claims to have built the first satellite-to-tablet content delivery system. The system primarily aims at providing educational services to rural areas in developing countries. The first pilots of the technology are said to be taking place in India (with 30,000 licenses) and the sub-Saharan region in Africa, with the latest trials in two schools in South Africa, in Rietkol, in Mpumalanga Province, and at Heathfield, in Western Cape.AfriStar
AfriStar is a satellite family, operated by 1worldspace. The orbiting satellites and the satellite in storage were built by Alcatel Space and EADS Astrium, formerly known as Matra Marconi Space. Based on Astrium's Eurostar E2000+ bus design, the geostationary orbit satellites broadcast digital radio programs in the L-Band frequency (1452-1492 MHz range).DVB-H
DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld) is one of three prevalent mobile TV formats. It is a technical specification for bringing broadcast services to mobile handsets. DVB-H was formally adopted as ETSI standard EN 302 304 in November 2004. The DVB-H specification (EN 302 304) can be downloaded from the official DVB-H website. From March 2008, DVB-H is officially endorsed by the European Union as the "preferred technology for terrestrial mobile broadcasting". The major competitors of this technology are Qualcomm's MediaFLO system, the 3G cellular system based MBMS mobile-TV standard, and the ATSC-M/H format in the U.S. DVB-SH (Satellite to Handhelds) now and DVB-NGH (Next Generation Handheld) in the future are possible enhancements to DVB-H, providing improved spectral efficiency and better modulation flexibility. DVB-H has been a commercial failure, and the service is no longer on-air. Ukraine was the last country with a nationwide broadcast in DVB-H.Digital Radio Mondiale
Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM; mondiale being Italian and French for "worldwide") is a set of digital audio broadcasting technologies designed to work over the bands currently used for analogue radio broadcasting including AM broadcasting, particularly shortwave, and FM broadcasting. DRM is more spectrally efficient than AM and FM, allowing more stations, at higher quality, into a given amount of bandwidth, using various MPEG-4 audio coding formats.
Digital Radio Mondiale is also the name of the international non-profit consortium that has designed the platform and is now promoting its introduction. Radio France Internationale, TéléDiffusion de France, BBC World Service, Deutsche Welle, Voice of America, Telefunken (now Transradio) and Thomcast (now Ampegon) took part at the formation of the DRM consortium.
The principle of DRM is that bandwidth is the limited element, and computer processing power is cheap; modern CPU-intensive audio compression techniques enable more efficient use of available bandwidth, at the expense of processing resources.Digital Video Broadcasting
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) is a set of international open standards for digital television. DVB standards are maintained by the DVB Project, an international industry consortium, and are published by a Joint Technical Committee (JTC) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and European Broadcasting Union (EBU).Digital audio radio service
Digital audio radio service (DARS) refers to any type of digital radio program service. In the United States it is the official FCC term for digital radio services.
The most popular type of DARS in the U.S. and Canada is SDARS: Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service, used by Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio. XM and Sirius both operate in the 2.3-GHz S band, from 2320 to 2345 MHz.Increasing the spectrum available for more services would be difficult, since unlike C-band and Ku band services, which allow over 200 locations for satellites, S-band satellites must be spaced far apart, with current technology. Existing vehicle antennas would not allow reception of two different stations on the same frequency, though new technology, requiring a new kind of receiver, might be possible.WorldSpace also operated a DARS network outside the United States and Canada with a footprint covering Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa. It used the L-band.Digital multimedia broadcasting
Digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) is a digital radio transmission technology developed in South Korea as part of the national IT project for sending multimedia such as TV, radio and datacasting to mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops and GPS navigation systems. This technology, sometimes known as mobile TV, should not be confused with Digital Audio Broadcasting which was developed as a research project for the European Union. DMB was developed in South Korea as the next generation digital technology to replace FM radio, but the technological foundations were laid by Prof. Dr. Gert Siegle and Dr. Hamed Amor at Robert Bosch GmbH in Germany. The world's first official mobile TV service started in South Korea in May 2005, although trials were available much earlier. It can operate via satellite (S-DMB) or terrestrial (T-DMB) transmission. DMB has also some similarities with the main competing mobile TV standard, DVB-H.Eutelsat
Eutelsat S.A. is a European satellite operator. Providing coverage over the entire European continent, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and the Americas, it is the world's third largest satellite operator in terms of revenues.Eutelsat's satellites are used for broadcasting nearly 7,000 television stations, of which 1,400 are in HD, and 1,100 radio stations to over 274 million cable and satellite homes. They also serve requirements for TV contribution services, corporate networks, mobile communications, Internet backbone connectivity and broadband access for terrestrial, maritime and in-flight applications. Eutelsat is headquartered in Paris. Eutelsat Communications Chief Executive Officer is currently Rodolphe Belmer.In October 2017, Eutelsat acquired NOORSAT, one of the leading satellite service providers in the Middle East, from Bahrain's Orbit Holding Group. NOORSAT is the premier distributor of Eutelsat capacity in the Middle East, serving blue-chip customers and providing services for over 300 TV channels almost exclusively from Eutelsat's market-leading Middle East and North Africa neighbourhoods at 7/8° West and 25.5° East.Globalstar
Globalstar, Inc. is an American satellite communications company that operates a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation for satellite phone and low-speed data communications, somewhat similar to the Iridium satellite constellation and Orbcomm satellite systems. A Globalstar second-generation constellation consists of 24 low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites.High-throughput satellite
High-throughput satellite (HTS) is a classification for communications satellites that provide at least twice, though usually by a factor of 20 or more, the total throughput of a classic FSS satellite for the same amount of allocated orbital spectrum thus significantly reducing cost-per-bit.ViaSat-1 and EchoStar XVII (also known as Jupiter-1) do provide more than 100 Gbit/s of capacity, which is more than 100 times the capacity offered by a conventional FSS satellite. When it was launched in October 2011 ViaSat-1 had more capacity (140 Gbit/s) than all other commercial communications satellites over North America combined.List of communications satellite firsts
Milestones in the history of communications satellites.S-DMB
S-DMB (Satellite-DMB) is a hybrid version of the Digital Multimedia Broadcasting. The S-DMB uses the S band (2170-2200 MHz) of IMT-2000. and delivers around 18 channels at 128 kbit/s in 15 MHz. It incorporates a high power geostationary satellite, the MBSat 1. For outdoor and light indoor coverage is integrated with a terrestrial repeater (low power gap-filler) network for indoor coverage in urban areas.
A similar architecture is also used in XM Satellite Radio, Sirius Satellite Radio, DVB-SH and ETSI Satellite Digital Radio (SDR).Satellite data unit
A satellite data unit (SDU) is an avionics device installed in an aircraft that allows air/ground communication via a satellite network. It is an integral part of an aircraft's SATCOM (satellite communication) system. The device connects with a satellite via ordinary radio frequency (RF) communication and the satellite then connects to a ground station or vice versa. All satellite communication whether audio or data is processed by the SDU.The SDU communicates with an onboard MDDU (multi-purpose disk-drive unit) which maintains an updatable table of ground stations in the aircraft's current area and the order of preference for selection of which ground station to use which thus guides the choice of satellite. Along with analysing data continuously sent from all ground stations (such as station status and the error rate of signals from each station) the SDU receives information on the aircraft's position and orientation from another onboard system (ADIRU, air data inertial reference unit) which it passes to the BSU (beam-steering unit) to direct the signal beam from the aircraft to the chosen satellite.With the advent of cellphones and the Internet a separate or integrated SDU can be used to offer telephone and Internet services to passengers.Logs of satellite communication have been used to inform search and rescue agencies of locations of missing aircraft, notably that of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 whose position was unknown due to loss of radar contact and other communications. Automated SATCOM transmissions suggested it flew about 1,600 km (1,000 mi) off its designated flight path having flown approximately south-southwest rather than the intended approximately north-northeast.Satellite dish
A satellite dish is a dish-shaped type of parabolic antenna designed to receive or transmit information by radio waves to or from a communication satellite. The term most commonly means a dish used by consumers to receive direct-broadcast satellite television from a direct broadcast satellite in geostationary orbit.Satellite phone
A satellite telephone, satellite phone or satphone is a type of mobile phone that connects to other phones or the telephone network by radio through orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell sites, as cellphones do. The advantage of a satphone is that its use is not limited to areas covered by cell towers; it can be used in most or all geographic locations on the Earth's surface.
The mobile equipment, also known as a terminal, varies widely. Early satellite phone handsets had a size and weight comparable to that of a late-1980s or early-1990s mobile phone, but usually with a large retractable antenna. More recent satellite phones are similar in size to a regular mobile phone while some prototype satellite phones have no distinguishable difference from an ordinary smartphone. Satphones are popular on expeditions into remote areas where terrestrial cellular service is unavailable.
A fixed installation, such as one used aboard a ship, may include large, rugged, rack-mounted electronics, and a steerable microwave antenna on the mast that automatically tracks the overhead satellites. Smaller installations using VoIP over a two-way satellite broadband service such as BGAN or VSAT bring the costs within the reach of leisure vessel owners. Internet service satellite phones have notoriously poor reception indoors, though it may be possible to get a consistent signal near a window or in the top floor of a building if the roof is sufficiently thin. The phones have connectors for external antennas that can be installed in vehicles and buildings. The systems also allow for the use of repeaters, much like terrestrial mobile phone systems.Satellite radio
Satellite radio is defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)'s ITU Radio Regulations (RR) as a broadcasting-satellite service. The satellite's signals are broadcast nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations, and the service is primarily intended for the occupants of motor vehicles. It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and a wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio.Satellite radio technology was inducted into the Space Foundation Space Technology Hall of Fame in 2002. Satellite radio uses the 2.3 GHz S band in North America for nationwide digital radio broadcasting. In other parts of the world, satellite radio uses the 1.4 GHz L band allocated for DAB.Very-small-aperture terminal
A very small aperture terminal (VSAT) is a two-way satellite ground station with a dish antenna that is smaller than 3.8 meters. The majority of VSAT antennas range from 75 cm to 1.2 m. Data rates, in most cases, range from 4 kbit/s up to 16 Mbit/s. VSATs access satellites in geosynchronous orbit or geostationary orbit to relay data from small remote Earth stations (terminals) to other terminals (in mesh topology) or master Earth station "hubs" (in star topology).
VSATs are used to transmit narrowband data (e.g., point-of-sale transactions using credit cards, polling or RFID data, or SCADA), or broadband data (for the provision of satellite Internet access to remote locations, VoIP or video). VSATs are also used for transportable, on-the-move (utilising phased array antennas) or mobile maritime communications.Viasat
Viasat is a satellite and pay television brand, co-owned by the Swedish media group Nordic Entertainment Group (NENT) in the Nordic countries, Sony Pictures Television in Hungary, and by Viasat World internationally. Founded in Sweden in 1991, Viasat has previously been owned by Modern Times Group. The channels of both companies are broadcast from London.
|Satellite radio / TV|
|Relay satellite companies|


Fibre optics – finishing solutions for ferrule terminations
The polishing process is an important stage in the production of ferrule terminations. For this purpose, sia Abrasives delivers suitable products which offer consistent quality. High cost efficiency is achieved in ferrule production by co-ordinating the individual work steps. The following application recommendations apply to the most widely used polishing machines. Our high-performance polishing system will help you to produce high-quality terminations which meet international standards.
What is achieved by the finishing process:
- Improved optical performance
- Maximum light transmission in the termination
- Ceramic terminations
- Fibre optic terminations


The 9 Most Unanswered Questions about
Video Conferencing System – Selecting the Right One For Your Needs
A basic video conferencing system consists of a single computer system or numerous computers attached through the Internet as well as video or sound feeds. Since you recognize the basic minimum video clip resolution, processing and also network requirements, it’s time to have all the essential equipment in position. The video insurance coverage of your equipment arrangement will rely on the number of guests, places as well as space of the conference. For example, if you’re having a corporate conference at 2 locations with 20 people each, after that you’ll need a separate computer system for every area. In this instance, one computer would certainly suffice however if you require to bring multiple computers, then the remedy would certainly be numerous screens connected to a solitary computer, with separate connections to the Web for each and every place. The next action to take is to establish the physical format of your meeting room or conference room. If you are using a specialized video conferencing system, the setup can be as straightforward as a solitary large display linked to a projector and also a podium connected to a host. Yet if your system is not dedicated, then you have the choice of configuring several screen gaming consoles, enabling one to host a presentation while one more supplies input information to participants. Relying on your needs and also the sort of presentation you exist, you could need to change your setup appropriately. There are likewise various other factors to think about such as the video clip input alternatives, audio input choices as well as the method the information is presented in the video clip feed. As soon as you have your standard videoconferencing configuration full, then it’s time to proceed from the hardware setup to the software application arrangement. In a videoconferencing system, there are two types of collaboration devices: those that can be used within a solitary application and those that can be utilized throughout applications. There are generally 2 different ways to set up these cooperation devices: one-to-one and also multi-to-one. Each has their very own benefits and drawbacks, so you must discuss these choices with your company or your computer system manufacturer. For one point, a one-to-one setup involves direct transmission of audio and also video clip data in between 2 different places. If you are taking care of long distance calls or if the people taking part in the conversation do not have excellent reception, this approach may not be the most effective remedy. If individuals taking part in the discussion can not hear each other when the analog signal is transferred over cross countries, after that all the data remains in the digital realm and also for that reason pointless. On the other hand, if your service provider is capable of sustaining multi-to-one sound and video clip information transfer prices, after that this configuration is preferred. With this type of videoconferencing system, the audio and video information transfers are done at the exact same price no matter where the user is located. You ought to also think about the kinds of applications you will be using with your video conferencing solution. Will you be making and also receiving telephone call? Are you intending to make use of the attribute to perform in person interviews? Will you be carrying out seminars or taking real-time classes online through webcams? These sorts of applications will certainly need different sorts of links. If the individuals all have high-speed Net access, for example, video phone calls will certainly be great; yet if they are just able to get online through a dial-up connection, after that audio conferencing may be much better. The last step in selecting your conferencing service is to take a look at what extra choices you have for audio and video conferencing. Commonly, video clip seminars had just the audio part and also no video conferencing video camera. However, even more provider are coming out with a cam as well as aesthetic options that permit multi-point conferences that even include real time communication via safety glasses, consoles, and other electronic tools. This can be specifically valuable if you have a large multi-cultural organization that needs to ensure everybody recognizes the events of the day.


The Neptune Pine is a standalone smartwatch that delivers “pure, untethered connectivity”. Going far beyond simple notifications, the Neptune Pine is the first standalone, full-featured smartwatch.
First and foremost, it includes mobile wireless radios and support for Micro-SIM cards to connect directly with compatible 2G/3G/4G networks. Compatible Cellular Networks include GSM/GPRS/EDGE 850, 900, 1800, 1900, and UMTS/HSPA+/WCDMA 850, 1700, 1900, 2100. It can make and receive voice calls, send texts, sync email accounts, browse the web and more.
It’s powered by the Android Jelly Bean 4.1 OS (not Android Wear), like a smartphone. Compared to most smartwatches, it also has a pretty large TFT LCD touchscreen at 2.4 inches. It features a resolution of 320×240 and is big enough to display a full QWERTY keyboard (virtual) in landscape mode. You’ll never find that on another smartwatch, at least not a viable keyboard anyway.
Other notable features include a 5-megapixel rear-facing camera – which can be used when you detach the watch module – fitness and activity tracking, another front-facing VGA camera, an LED flash for both cameras, and an 810mAh lithium-ion rechargeable battery.
Features and Specifications:
- 2.4 TFT LCD capacitive touchscreen display
- 320×240 QVGA resolution
- Corning Gorilla Glass
- Android 4.1 Jelly Bean
- Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 1.2GHz dual-core processor
- 512MB RAM
- 2G/3G/4G mobile network support
- GSM/GPRS/EDGE 850, 900, 1800, 1900
- UMTS/HSPA+/WCDMA 850, 1700, 1900, 2100
- Micro-SIM card slot
- Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n and Bluetooth 4.0 functionality
- Sensors: pedometer, gyroscope, accelerometer and GPS
- 5MP rear-facing camera, and VGA front-facing camera with LED flash
- 810 mAh lithium-ion battery:up to 8 hours Music Playback, up to 6 hours Talk Time (on 3G), up to 7 hours of internet use, up to 5 hours of video playback and up to 120 hours of standby


Priced at RM599, the second generation of Nothing wireless earphones are set to deliver the purest and most awesome sound experience.
A much-improved version of Ear (1), Nothing’s first-ever second-generation product is in pursuit of excellence featuring its iconic original transparent case design.
The Nothing Ear (2) provides a greatly enjoyable listening experience due to its improved design and customizable settings. This updated version now has active noise cancellation, high-resolution audio certification, and a redesigned 11.6mm adjustable speaker for an even better experience.
Essentially, it adopts a new dual-cavity design with LHDC 5.0 transcoder technology to present an acoustic experience. In terms of gesture control, Ear (2) allows users to control the earphones through a series of different actions.
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In addition, Ear (2) is also compatible with dual-wired functions, personalized sound Settings, Nothing’s exclusive clear speech technology, and an active noise reduction function with an effect of up to 40 decibels. The waterproof and sweatproof levels have evolved to satisfy users’ daily needs.
It’s worth mentioning that Ear (2) can provide up to 36 hours of music playback with a fully charged case, and the active noise reduction function is turned off. Moreover, it only takes 10 minutes of fast charging to run for 8 hours and supports wireless charging up to 2.5W. You can even reverse charge the headset via a compatible device such as a Phone (1).
In other stories, GoPro HERO11 Black Mini: Smaller and Lighter


SGT is leading the team of developers in advanced robotic technologies for NASA GSFC’s Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office (SSCO) towards enabling the routine on-orbit servicing of satellites. SSCO’s goal is to position the US as be a global leader of in-space repair, maintenance, and satellite disposal and facilitate a future US industry for the servicing of satellites. The SSCO advanced and integrated technologies are focused in 5 key areas that include (1) autonomous rendezvous and proximity operations systems, (2) dexterous robots, (3) high-speed, fault tolerant computing, (4) advanced robotic tools, and (5) non-cooperative propellant transfer. Current SSCO projects developing these technologies include:
The RAVEN project designing, building, and testing a real-time, autonomous vision experiment for relative navigation. This technology will be demonstrated on the ISS with a planned flight in 2015.
The Robotic Refueling Mission (RRM-3) project will demonstrate remote controlled robots performing servicing and refueling in orbit via ground command.
The RESTORE project focuses on development of robotic arms and dexterous end-effector tool technology for a candidate mission. These technologies will enable client satellite capture and maneuvers to prepare and execute spacecraft refueling or other potential repair needs.
The Hosted Payloads and Advanced Concepts project is designing and developing future joint missions with the Human Exploration/Operations and Science Mission Directorates at NASA.
The development of new and improved Vision Navigation Sensor technology that will mitigate existing design flaws and significantly improve vision detector system range performance and enable a host of additional autonomous and tele-operated on-orbit robotic maneuvers.
Satellite servicing capabilities stretch from on-orbit spacecraft refueling and repair, to the assembly of large structures in orbit, to modular designs that allow for spacecraft upgrade ability. These are capabilities that offer mission operators options for extended mission operations, reconfiguration, and recovery.


Wi-Fi 6 comes with new features and capabilities to solve the problem of every device ever made requiring an internet connection… what have we done. Anyways, the improvements it delivers should help keep bandwidth high and connectivity issues low for busy networks. Perhaps most importantly for gamers, Wi-Fi 6 offers the bandwidth to cope with wireless VR gaming, if that’s your thing.
Understandably, a new router may not be high up your list of must-have products, but, if you rely on a wireless connection for your gaming PC or laptop, a sturdy Wi-Fi 6 model could help keep you gaming online without interruption. You don’t need me to explain why lag sucks—you get it—but just know not all of it is always down to your ISP.
Sometimes you’ve got to up your game with a new router, especially if you’re still rocking your ISP-provided unit from half a decade ago. Routers have come on leaps and bounds since then. Wi-Fi 6 promises higher effective speeds than older specs, more so when you’re on a congested network, and Wi-Fi 6E further improves things for compatible devices with 6GHz support.
6GHz remains a bleeding edge technology right now, and support for the frequency depends on where you are in the world, so you’ll really want to weigh up whether you need that today. Either Wi-Fi 6 or Wi-Fi 6E will serve you well for a good while yet, anyways.
And as you’ll see below, the latest in Wi-Fi technology needn’t be a death sentence for your bank account. In fact, some Wi-Fi 6 routers come in a lot cheaper than you might expect, especially with Prime Day deals and Newegg’s own Fantastech sale (that name, I know) helping them along.


You can send a test SMS message from the command console to any mobile phone number. The number does not have to be in the Users list (phonebook) to send a test message.
The first step is to get connected to the VP3-TM as discussed in Section 6.
You cannot send a message until the cellular modem connects to the network. Verify the connection using the "show cell" command. If you are not yet connected, you will see "Not connected to network" instead of a signal strength indication.
Now use the send command to send a test message as illustrated here. Note that the message must be enclosed in quotes.
The SMS message should show up on your cell phone within a reasonable amount of time. Usually it will be fairly prompt. Sometimes it may take several seconds, up to a minute or two depending on the cellular network.
Note that the LNK (link) LED on the VP3-TM will be on solid if the cellular modem is not connected to the network, and will normally be blinking at a rate of about twice a second if connected. If it begins to blink with a pattern of two flashes and then a pause, this is the indication that the last attempt to send an SMS message failed.
If the SMS send failed during normal operation while sending a notification to a user in the phone book, you will be able to check the error code using the "show usererrors" command. However, the send command here does not log error codes since the phonebook is bypassed in this test mode.
An obvious way of testing alarm notifications is to observe something happen in the field that should result in an alarm, and verify that you receive the notification on your mobile phone. But there is a way to "bench test" the alarms before ever placing the i.Report in the field.
Start by connecting to the VP3-TM with the configuration tool. Make sure you are in configuration mode as confirmed by the STA LED remaining on solid amber. Verify that you have configured the point you are about to test using the "show objconfig" command. In this example, our object will normally be polling a Modbus register. For test purposes here, you will want to have the Modbus device disconnected. You can't poll Modbus and use the command console at the same time.
Use the value command to set the value of the object from the console. This sets the data value as if it had read that value from your Modbus device. In this case, we see an error message because the object was not configured as writable. It will not normally need to be writable in most cases, but for test purposes, we need to at least temporarily enable writing to the object.
Enable writing with one minor configuration change. The other change you may want to do temporarily is get rid of the defaultonfail since this will result in setting the object value due to the fact that Modbus is disconnected.
We can now successfully set the object value, and in this example, we are making sure we set the value above the alarm threshold.
The other thing you must do to test alarms is enable scanning. Alarm scanning is normally disabled in configuration mode, and automatically enabled when you exit configuration mode. For purposes of testing alarms, you will need to enable scanning while still in configuration mode.
If you have followed the above sequence on your live VP3-TM device, and had previously configured your own mobile phone number in the Users list, you should receive a notification shortly after enabling scanning. You can also check alarms using the "show alarms" command at the console.
Now we set the object value back below the alarm threshold. If you received the alarm active notification, you should now receive the alarm inactive notification.
You can verify the alarm was cleared using the "show alarms" command.
The text messages received on our cell phone while preparing this example are illustrated here.
The Modbus diagnostic tools we use most often at Control Solutions are ModScan32 for testing Modbus slaves (either RTU or TCP), and ModSim32 for simulating Modbus slaves when testing Modbus masters. These are available for purchase (from Win-TECH) for a very reasonable price.
These are certainly not the only Modbus tools available for purchase (see note about searching for others below). Win-TECH is simply the one that has been around the longest, and we have been using their products for about 20 years. We find that if ModScan can talk to it, there is a 99.99% chance that anything else we make can talk to it as well. After further analysis, we found that those rare exceptions were with devices that did not fully comply with Modbus protocol specifications in the first place.
Win-TECH site for purchasing ModScan/ModSim: ModScan/ModSim
Simply Google "Modbus RTU test software" or "Modbus TCP test software" to find an assortment of Modbus test tools. Some are free, some have a free demo, and others are available for purchase. We at Control Solutions have tested some of these, and know that our customers have also tested others. We do not use all of the available tools on a regular basis, and are therefore avoiding any specific endorsements here.
No-response errors are probably the toughest because it means no activity is being recognized. CRC errors are marginal progress because it says the devices are at least seeing some bits on the line, even if the bits don’t make sense yet. Exception errors are a good sign because it means you are successfully communication with the Modbus device. Receiving an exception error requires receiving a good packet with a good CRC check. This means communication is ok, but configuration is asking for something the Modbus device does not like.
• Check to see that communication parameters are correct (baud rate, etc).
• Check to see that the slave address matches.
• Check to see that Pre-Delay is at least 50 mS.
• Check wiring and power.
• Check for reversed polarity on RS485 lines. If uncertain, just try swapping them.
• Check to see that slave device is enabled for Modbus communication (many devices default to disabled)
• Check baud rate and character format.
• Check wiring if everything else is correct, CRC errors mean noise on the line.
• Check for reversed polarity on RS485 lines. Reversed polarity often looks like just noise.
• Check to see that Pre-Delay is at least 50 mS.
• Check configuration. You cannot receive an exception error report if you are not successfully communicating with the Modbus device. Wiring, etc, is not a problem. Configuration has something wrong (most often the register number requested is not available).
This free tool, when accompanied by the MTX002, can be used to help you locate MS/TP devices when you may have lost track of settings such as baud rate, max master, MAC address, etc. If you know what speed the network is running at, select the baud rate and click Connect. But if you need to “search” for the right baud rate and other settings, click Auto Connect and wait a minute or two. The discovered baud rate, along with discovered max master setting, will be displayed when the auto connect process is done.
You may also use this tool as an object browser. Once you have selected a device on the Who-Is tab, go to the Read/Write tab. The object types supported are included in the Object Type list - only the basic types are supported by this tool. The most common properties are listed in the Property drop down list, but you can select “Other” and enter the BACnet property code in the window next to the list. For example, 85 would give you present value.
This tool is useful without any additional connection hardware if using it with BACnet IP. Using it with MS/TP requires the Control Solutions MTX002 USB to MS/TP adapter. This tool will not run with a generic RS-485 port adapter. A standard PC serial port with an adapter is not capable of 76800 baud, but the MTX002 does allow your PC to connect to an MS/TP network running at 76800 baud.
Download the BACnet Network Discovery Tool under the Tools link at csimn.com.
An MS/TP device that is functioning normally will always be at least passing the token, and usually polling for master periodically. The only time a device will not poll for master is if another device exists on the network with a MAC address only 1 greater than the gateway itself. It then just passes the token to that device without any intermediate polling for master.
Two particular indications of the MS/TP token LED are worth noting.
If the token LED appears to be on nearly solid yellow (or amber), this means the gateway is doing nothing but poll for token, which implies it is not finding any other devices on the network. You will see this any time you apply power to the gateway without connecting any network. If the network is connected, there is a problem with connections or port settings.
If the token LED is completely off and never flashes on, this means the gateway is hearing other traffic on the network, but just not connecting. An MS/TP device is required to "be quiet until spoken to". Therefore, if there is chatter on the network, but the gateway cannot find anything that is addressed to the gateway, it will remain quiet. This problem is usually the result of problems with port settings.
An MS/TP device can alternate between the above two conditions. The "be quiet until spoken to" rule is up for grabs when the entire network is powered up simultaneously. Whoever wakes up first will be generating all the chatter while everybody else on the network listens.
If the token LED is very intermittent, flashes rapidly a few times (including green on the token LED), then is off completely for a period of time, this usually means it is trying to talk, thought it was talking or actually was for a bit, but something got out of sync. If there are duplicate device addresses on the network or mismatching Max Master settings, this will result in the appearance of intermittent communications.
Check your wiring. Noise on the line resulting from not following RS-485 wiring guidelines will result in communication problems ranging from no connection at all to frequent errors. Also be sure that you have a ground connection between all devices on the network. The RS-485 network is not a 2-wire network. You need two data lines plus signal ground. If you consider cable shield a connection, then you need 4 connections.
The VP3-TM was designed to notify you when something happens that you want to know about, but also allow you to check on things "on demand". You may want to simply check the present value of a sensor. You may want to investigate error indications.
You can query the present value of a data object using "obj 1,value=?". However, if the i.Report is password protected and the session is locked, you will get an error message (assuming your phone number is found in the phonebook, ignored completely if not).
Users found in the phonebook but whose session is locked will not be allowed to use the "obj" command because that is considered a configuration command. If their session is unlocked but they are not authorized for issuing commands, they will still get the error message.
Users not authorized for commands can use the "query" command instead. Users must be found in the phonebook before they will get any response. But as long as the user is known, they can use the query command to check on values.
Most of the "show" commands can also be used by known users even if not authorized for other commands used to make changes.
The link LED labeled LNK on the cover of the VP3-TM is connected directly to the cellular modem. The possible indications of the LNK LED are as follows:
|LNK LED is:||What it means:|
|OFF||Possible hardware failure if LED remains in this state.|
|ON||Not connected to network, but trying.|
|Flash @ 2/Sec||Connected to network, operating normally.|
|Flash twice, pause, repeat||Connected to network, operating, but last attempt to send a message failed.|
While connected to the VP3-TM in configuration mode, you can use the "show cell" command to check signal strength. If connected to the network, you will see a "Signal: xx dBm" indication. Signal strength will be indicated as a number in the range of -51 dBm to -113 dBm with -51 being a perfect signal and -113 being call-dropping bad.
You can also use the "show cell" command remotely via SMS. Of course if the signal is too weak to send a message, you are not going to get a reply, and therefore the "show cell" remotely is merely a confirmation of signal strength. It can still have some value remotely. If you are getting messages intermittently and see a signal strength closer to the bottom end of the range, this may be a useful clue as to why messages are intermittent.
The VP3-TM attempts to be as helpful as possible in detecting and reporting communication faults while in operation. These will be reported via SMS, but only to those users who have been selected to receive them. Enable error and failure messages per user in the Users configuration (Section 9).
The automatic notification of communication faults will indicate which objects are having problems. From there, you need to do further queries to see exactly what the nature of the problem is.
All models of VP3-TM provide a fault code denoted as "Rel" for reliability, and also provide an error class and error code. Some models provide additional queries relevant at the device level. The entire list of queries available is outlined in Section 11.
Each object has three possible error indicator fields: Reliability, Error Class, Error Code, as defined by BACnet protocol. The Modbus version of the device uses these same error fields for consistency, but ultimately only the reliability value, which Modbus will refer to as “fault code”, will be returned via Modbus virtual objects.
Modbus error class and codes are arbitrarily assigned, and do overlap BACnet codes. One needs to simply look at the codes relevant to the protocol in use to determine their meaning. The reliability codes that is derived from the class and code are uniquely Modbus or BACnet, and as BACnet reliability codes, do conform to BACnet protocol boundaries.
Modbus error class/codes:
Class 0, code 1 = no response
Class 0, code 2 = CRC error
Class 1, code N = exception code N
code 1 = illegal function code
code 2 = illegal data address
code 3 = illegal data value
code 10 = gateway path unavailable (TCP gateway not responding)
(see Modbus spec for additional uncommon exceptions)
Class 2, code 2 = faulty Modbus packet
Class 2, code 4 = configuration fault
Modbus reliability code will be (((class+1) * 100) + code).
Modbus fault (reliability) codes:
101 = no response
102 = CRC error
201 = Modbus exception, illegal function code
202 = Modbus exception, illegal data address
203 = Modbus exception, illegal data value
210 = Modbus exception, gateway path unavailable
2XX = Modbus exception, other where XX is exception code, see Modbus spec
302 = Faulty Modbus packet
304 = Configuration fault
Each object has three possible error indicator fields: Reliability, Error Class, Error Code, as defined by BACnet protocol. Since the VP3-BTM is not a gateway, its protocol usage is mutually exclusive and will be either Modbus or BACnet but never both.
The error class and code will be retained upon receipt by the BACnet client, but these codes will result in a single reliability code that is derived from class and code. Since we assume repeated attempts will return the same error code and class, the code/class will be retained immediately but transitioning of reliability code from zero to non-zero can be delayed by the default count set by “defaultonfails”.
BACnet reliability code will be (((class+1)*1000) + code) where class may be 0..3, and any class above 3 capped at class 4.
Example: A common error is trying to read an object in another device that does not exist in that device. The device will return error class 1, code 31. This will become fault/reliability code 2031 as reported via SMS. If the remote device is not responding, this will internally generate class 0, code 300, reported as fault/reliability code 1300 via SMS. As an SMS message, this code will be called “fault”. If queried as a BACnet object property, it will be returned as the reliability value.
Proprietary error codes:
300 = Response timeout
301 = Configuration error
302 = BACnet error code “other” was received from remote device
303 = Unable to allocate invoke ID
All other error classes/codes are per BACnet standard, copied here from the open source BACnet project bacenum.h file (the BACnet standard itself cannot be copied).
0 = ERROR_CLASS_DEVICE
1 = ERROR_CLASS_OBJECT
2 = ERROR_CLASS_PROPERTY
3 = ERROR_CLASS_RESOURCES
4 = ERROR_CLASS_SECURITY
5 = ERROR_CLASS_SERVICES
/* valid for all classes */
0 = ERROR_CODE_OTHER
/* Error Class - Device */
2 = ERROR_CODE_CONFIGURATION_IN_PROGRESS
3 = ERROR_CODE_DEVICE_BUSY
25 = ERROR_CODE_OPERATIONAL_PROBLEM
/* Error Class - Object */
4 = ERROR_CODE_DYNAMIC_CREATION_NOT_SUPPORTED
17 = ERROR_CODE_NO_OBJECTS_OF_SPECIFIED_TYPE
23 = ERROR_CODE_OBJECT_DELETION_NOT_PERMITTED
24 = ERROR_CODE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER_ALREADY_EXISTS
27 = ERROR_CODE_READ_ACCESS_DENIED
31 = ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_OBJECT
36 = ERROR_CODE_UNSUPPORTED_OBJECT_TYPE
/* Error Class - Property */
8 = ERROR_CODE_INCONSISTENT_SELECTION_CRITERION
9 = ERROR_CODE_INVALID_DATA_TYPE
32 = ERROR_CODE_UNKNOWN_PROPERTY
37 = ERROR_CODE_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE
40 = ERROR_CODE_WRITE_ACCESS_DENIED
41 = ERROR_CODE_CHARACTER_SET_NOT_SUPPORTED
42 = ERROR_CODE_INVALID_ARRAY_INDEX
44 = ERROR_CODE_NOT_COV_PROPERTY
45 = ERROR_CODE_OPTIONAL_FUNCTIONALITY_NOT_SUPPORTED
47 = ERROR_CODE_DATATYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED
50 = ERROR_CODE_PROPERTY_IS_NOT_AN_ARRAY
/* Error Class - Resources */
18 = ERROR_CODE_NO_SPACE_FOR_OBJECT
19 = ERROR_CODE_NO_SPACE_TO_ADD_LIST_ELEMENT
20 = ERROR_CODE_NO_SPACE_TO_WRITE_PROPERTY
/* Error Class - Security */
1 = ERROR_CODE_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED
6 = ERROR_CODE_INCOMPATIBLE_SECURITY_LEVELS
12 = ERROR_CODE_INVALID_OPERATOR_NAME
15 = ERROR_CODE_KEY_GENERATION_ERROR
26 = ERROR_CODE_PASSWORD_FAILURE
28 = ERROR_CODE_SECURITY_NOT_SUPPORTED
30 = ERROR_CODE_TIMEOUT
/* Error Class - Services */
5 = ERROR_CODE_FILE_ACCESS_DENIED
7 = ERROR_CODE_INCONSISTENT_PARAMETERS
10 = ERROR_CODE_INVALID_FILE_ACCESS_METHOD
11 = ERROR_CODE_ERROR_CODE_INVALID_FILE_START_POSITION
13 = ERROR_CODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_DATA_TYPE
14 = ERROR_CODE_INVALID_TIME_STAMP
16 = ERROR_CODE_MISSING_REQUIRED_PARAMETER
22 = ERROR_CODE_PROPERTY_IS_NOT_A_LIST
29 = ERROR_CODE_SERVICE_REQUEST_DENIED
43 = ERROR_CODE_COV_SUBSCRIPTION_FAILED
46 = ERROR_CODE_INVALID_CONFIGURATION_DATA
48 = ERROR_CODE_DUPLICATE_NAME
49 = ERROR_CODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT_ID
Any time the VP3-TM restarts, a restart message will be sent to any users in groups that have been selected to receive them by checking "Starts" on the Groups configuration page. The site name and restart code will be included in the message. The restart code will be indicated as "[a/b]" where the "a" and "b" are numbers identified below.
The restart code [1/0] is simply a power-up cold start. This code is normal. If you use the "sys reboot=all" command to remotely restart the VP3-TM, the restart code will be [5/0] and would also be considered normal in this case. Any other combination of numbers would indicate something unexpected, for which you should seek technical support.
Restart reason "a":
1 = cold start/power-up
2 = restart due to application fault code (or BACnet warm start)
5 = restart due to processor fault code
6 = watchdog timeout
Fault code "b" if nonzero:
Codes 1-5 are low level processor aborts (restart reason 5):
0 = requested restart, no fault
1 = undefined instruction
2 = program abort (instruction address fault)
3 = data abort (memory address fault)
4 = uncaught interrupt (IRQ)
5 = uncaught fast interrupt (FIRQ)
6 = stack overflow
Codes 7-12 are application level system errors (restart reason 2):
7 = system configuration CRC error
8 = bad parameter in system configuration
9 = EEPROM read failure
10 = EEPROM write failure
11 = EEPROM lock failure
12 = object allocation failure
Codes 20-25 are application requested restarts from the crash monitor (restart reason 2):
20 = modem handler unresponsive
21 = excessive modem restarts
22 = data scanner unresponsive
23 = communication client unresponsive
24 = communication engine unresponsive
25 = main program unresponsive
Depending on the error condition present, it is possible that the error will go unreported due to the system's inability to send a text message. In the event any of the above codes do show up, these are their meanings.
SMS failure to send will be captured and reported as a user error that may be viewed with the "show usererrors" command. The VP3-TM will not attempt to send a message if there is no network connection, but the "no network registration" error could occur if the connection dropped right in the middle of processing the message. Otherwise, the only failure that is likely to occur is trying to send to an invalid mobile number.
0x00 = SMS successfully sent.
0x01 = SMS failed to send.
0x02 = Invalid SMS parameters - check P# (Destination Phone Number).
0x03 = SMS not supported.
0x10 = No network registration.
0x11 = Cellular component stack error.
0x13 = Socket leak
0xFF = No SMS state to report (no SMS messages have been sent).
Copyright © 2019 Control Solutions Minnesota, Inc.


Structured Cabling & Passive Networking Products
Tenovar has an outstanding reputation for installing structured cabling systems, gained through many years of experience. Various ELV contractors, Government entities, NPO and private Organisations have out-sourced all their cabling needs to us.
We understand the copper and fibre optic network infrastructure and therefore we have set the correct implementation practices to comply with all international standards. Our clients are assured that the base and foundation of their network is built on the highest grade of standards. It therefore ensues that their ICT system functions to the best of its ability.
Our ability to meet the latest standards and manufacturers’ recommendations is unquestioned. The implementation of cabling systems according to the following categories all form part of our vast Curriculum: Cat5e, Cat6 and Cat6A, Cat7 unshielded and shielded copper cabling standards, plus OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4 multimode and OS1 and OS2 singlemode fibre optic cabling solutions.
Passive Networking Products
Over the years we have established a group of manufacturers who provide us with the best materials at the best prices. Our product range is wide, covering both copper and fibre domains – solid cabling, patch leads, termination jacks, patch panels, wall ports, cable management accessories, network and server cabinets and related accessories.
At Tenovar, we are able to address a wide spectrum of requirements from our ranged stock, be it power distribution units, racks, outdoor housing, or containment. A professionally finished job requires high standard products. We never compromise on the standard of the work we execute.


March 04, 2021
Art by my buddy Loor Nicolas
Every device connected to the Internet has an assigned IP Address (Internet Protocol Address), which is made up of 4 numbers in the following format:
<number>.<number>.<number>.<number>. Each number can be in the range of 0–255. e.g.
When computers communicate with each other over the Internet or via a local network, the information sharing is done through IP addresses. Like physical addresses, they offer a location to send information to.
Your public IP address is an external-facing IP Address that’s provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
So we are sharing this valuable piece of information with every website we interact on the Internet, which can be used to identify us and our country of origin…
But, how can we find out our Public IP address from the command line?
Here’s a one-liner using the free service from
curl -w "\n" -s https://api.ipify.org # 18.104.22.168
For our comfort, let’s save this in an alias our or
alias whatsmyip='curl -w "\n" -s https://api.ipify.org'
Now that we know our public IP address, let’s find out its country of origin. We can pipe the alias result to another free service
ipinfo.io that does a geo lookup:
Even better, also save an alias for this:
alias whatsmycountry='curl ipinfo.io/`whatsmyip`'
Written by Jon Portella.


Event on: October | 16-17 | 2023
3rd World Congress on
Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology
Theme : Explore the Modern Innovations and Clinical Aspects in the field of Otorhinolaryngology
Hyatt Place London Heathrow Airport, London, UK
A cochlear implant is an implanted electronic hearing device, designed to produce suitable hearing sensations to a person with severe to profound nerve deafness by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear. A cochlear implant receives sound from the outside environment, processes it, and sends small electric currents near the auditory nerve. These electric currents activate the nerve, which then sends a signal to the brain. The brain learns to recognize this signal and the person experiences this as hearing. The cochlear implant somewhat simulates natural hearing, where sound creates an electric current that stimulates the auditory nerve.


Once you’ve ordered mobile data it’ll either be automatically added to your current SIM card or you’ll be sent a new SIM card.
If it’s being added to your current SIM, you should be able to use it straight away.
If it’s coming on a new SIM, simply put the new SIM into your phone and follow any instructions that are included.
If you are experiencing any issues, call the company that you bought the data from.
Username or Email Address
Registration confirmation will be emailed to you.


WASHINGTON, D.C. — Marco Island Cable has selected Internet media company and VoIP services provider, YFonGlobal LLC, to create and manage its new telephone service. With the new agreement, Marco Island Cable will be able to provide voice services to its customers utilizing Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology.
Slated for testing starting in early March 2007, Marco Island Cable envisions launching its service to its cable subscribers in the Marco Island and Naples, FL communities. Marco Island Cable announced plans to offer a unique “Follow Me” calling plan, thanks to their agreement with YFonGlobal. The growing cable service provider will be able to allow seasonal residents to use one phone number that works both at their Marco Island winter home, as well their summer home, “up north.”
“Our partnership with YFonGlobal will provide our customers a menu of quality services ranging from TV, telephone and cable internet access that many would suspect would only be available in large metropolitan areas,” according to Marco Island Cable Company President Bill Gaston. “We are able to preserve the personalized, hands-on customer service that a small, home-town company like ours offers, with the added benefit of delivering leading edge services that our clients have come to expect,” explained Gaston.
YFonGlobal is a private brand Internet Protocol (IP) service that utilizes Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology, hosted by YFonGlobal, specifically for communications services providers and resellers, including cable service providers. YFonGlobal’s service enables a telecommunications reseller to rapidly deploy and offer their own brand of services, customized to meet their needs, in terms of pricing, networking, and feature-functionality.
“We welcome the opportunity to expand Marco Island Cable’s offerings to include delivering a world-class Internet telephony service. The architecture of this solution will put them squarely on par with, or exceed the capability of, mega-size competitors. Our rapid time-to-market provides the company with a competitive Internet telephony offering to meet the rapid demand generated mainly by a technology-oriented, transient Florida homeowner customer,” according to YFonGlobal President and CEO Marian Sabety. “Marco Island Cable represents a typical YFonGlobal private brand program, which now will be able to provide state-of-the-art phone service,” said Sabety.
About YFonGlobal, LLC
YFonGlobal, a Washington D.C.-based company, provides Internet media and IP/VoIP services, such as carrier class IP network services, retail VoIP services such as free PC calling, traditional Phone-to-Phone, and Pre-paid Calling services under private brand programs. Using a SIP platform, YFonGlobal can provide customizable VoIP network services.
YFonGlobal provides proprietary enterprise level solutions, as well as private brand VoIP services that serve the consumer needs of VoIP providers. For more information about YFonGlobal, LLC, visit http://www.yfonglobal.com .
About Marco Island Cable
Marco Island Cable was formed in 1993 and began servicing customers on Marco Island, FL as a SMATV (Satellite Master Antenna TV) System. Marco Island Cable currently serves customers on Marco Island and has immediate plans to expand off the island into mainland Collier County providing traditional cable service, high speed Internet service, digital services including high definition television and VoIP telephone service. For more information, visit http://www.marcocable.com .
[tags]VoIP services provider, YFonGlobal LLC, Marco Island Cable[/tags]


In a post on the OnePlus forums, the company details the tech further by explaining how the technology works. They also confirm that the feature is only available for the McLaren Edition of the phone, presumably due to the way the battery of the handset has been designed where they’ve upgraded it with different safety mechanisms.
“To overcome potential safety issues from overheating, our engineers altered the safety mechanisms of the OnePlus 6T McLaren Edition’s battery assembly. They upgraded the components of the battery protection structure to allow for the larger current, and added an eight-layer protection board to the battery to provide more efficient cooling.”
They also state that while the power adapter itself will be backwards compatible with older OnePlus handsets, it won’t reach “warp” speeds when used with them and will only support Fast Charge. It is unclear if moving forwards this Warp Charge 30 tech will find its way to future OnePlus handsets, or it could be an exclusive to the McLaren Edition, although we wouldn’t be surprised if the former were to happen.


"I have had a good experience with COMTECH Ltd during a longer project. The co-operation has been very good. The progress of the project was very satisfying and the communication was efficient as well. I have met very friendly and high motivated employees at COMTECH."
(Ralf Herberg; Experte Engineering; Vodafone Kabel Deutschland GmbH; Germany)
"The reason why we co-operate with COMTECH Ltd is because they give us competitive products which perfectly stand up to our requirements. The products’ operation safety and quality meet the highest requirements. Comtech Ltd is a realible partner for us because of the good co-operation and service background."
(Gottfried Schaffelhofer; CEO; Schaffelhofer CATV-Service; Austria)
"In 2012 Melita started looking for new amplifiers to upgrade the HFC network due to the continuous increase demand in bandwidth. After going through a number of solutions we met COMTECH guys at ANGA. They gave us a few options for amplifiers that suited Melita requirements. Throughout 2013 and 2014 we continued with these upgrades with no hiccups. Both the Sales team and the Technical team are very helpful. We are looking forward to continue working with COMTECH in the coming years!"
(Roderick Cassar; Senior HFC Engineer; Melita plc.; Malta)
"UPC Hungary works with COMTECH because: they do not know the word „impossible”, they have solution for everything. Although they are small company but keep abreast of the times. They know very well the CATV business and always give us expert answers to our questions."
(Zoltán Veres;Technical development and quality control director; UPC Magyarország Kft; Hungary)
"The management and technical staff at Anvimur are really impressed by the presentation and quality of COMTECH’s products. COMTECH provides a comprehensive range of products for fibre optic solutions that cover most jobs to be done on fibre optic networks. Anvimur will definitely promote COMTECH’s products for any project where they are required in Spain."
(Meyricke Burgess; Import Purchasing Manager; Anvimur; Spain)
"Some reasons why I recommend COMTECH: 1./ Wide range of products which covers the total need of active indoor and outdoor equipments applied in HFC networks. 2./ They offer a wide range of headend optical devices (receivers,transmitters) 3./ In case of special needs they react positively to new developments 4./ A great part of their devices posesses monitoring modules supplying information not only about the data of the devices and alerts but in certain cases they are appropriate for interventional operations too. 5./ Handling of the orders and the delivery conditions are also very favourable."
(Tamás Havasi; Senior Network Operation Engineer, Vidanet Zrt; Hungary)
"COMTECH Ltd. is the main supplier of active devices installed into the cable television network of Magyar Telekom Zrt (formerly T-Kábel) since 2005. Their products represent consistently a high technical quality and meet all the technical requirements defined by us. We use the following COMTECH products with satisfaction: Head-end optical and RF devices, optical nodes, amplifiers; Network monitoring system, which greatly helps the economical and reliable operation of our HFC network. They adapted to our special request flexibly in all cases and the required equipments were delivered on time. They are always ready to help in case of any problems and they provide excellent support for their products."
(András Czipper, Head of CableTV Platform Development Department, Magyar Telekom Zrt, Hungary)
"I choose Comtech for the following reasons: 1./ Complete range of products, 2./ Very good after sales services, 3./ Competitive prices."
(Jean-Charles Petignant; CEO; Cablotel; Switzerland)


Want the innovation of a Droid smartphone but in a more compact design? Droid Mini features both. This Verizon-exclusive phone offers tech that matters, such as sharing photos and personal videos seamlessly via the cloud using Droid Zap. See important info quickly with the Droid Command Center.
Get Droid innovation in a smartphone that offers an edge-to-edge 4.3-inch touchscreen in a compact design. Droid Mini gives you Droid Zap to share media, a stunning 10-megapixel camera and high-performance audio. Droid Mini is exclusive to Verizon Wireless and connects with 4G LTE speed.
Compact, ultra thin and lightweight, this smartphone is easy to tote around and use with one hand. Droid Mini is forged together by some of the strongest materials. DuPont™ KEVLAR® fiber reinforces a seamless design as scratch-resistant Corning® Gorilla® Glass protects. Strength matters.
XLTE READY Doubling our 4G LTE bandwidth in cities coast to coast.
STANDBY TIME** 336 hrs.
USAGE TIME** 28 hrs.
CAMERA 10 MP
WEIGHT 4.59 oz.
WIDTH 2.41 in.
HEIGHT 4.81 in.
SCREEN 4.3” HD display; DuPont™ KEVLAR® design with Corning® Gorilla® Glass
BATTERY Non-removable Li-Ion (2000 mAh)
OPERATING SYSTEM Android 4.4 Kitkat®
SAR Head – 1.02 W/kg; Body – 0.53 W/kg
HEARING AID COMPATIBILITY M3/T3
NETWORK LTE B13/4 700/1700, CDMA/1xEVDO Rev. A (800/1900 MHz); Global – EDGE/GSM (850/900/1800/1900), HSPA/UMTS( 850/900/1900/2100), HSDPA 42.2 Mbps (Category 20), HSUPA 5.76 Mbps
BOX - RECYCLED CONTENT, FSC/SFI PAPER 50%, 0%
DEVICE PLASTICS - RECYCLED CONTENT 0%
ENERGY EFFICIENT Yes
TOXINS FREE - DEVICE PLASTICS, BATTERY Yes, Yes
RECYCLABLE DEVICE Yes


Visualization, Monitoring, Alerting and Control of Inflight-Entertainment & Communication (IFEC) Systems on Connected Aircraft
Airview TechOps provides key decision makers with real-time insights into network and satellite connectivity performance and serves as a powerful network and IFC system monitoring and status visualization application for Tech Ops Directors and System Administrators. Airview TechOps allows the user to capture network, view and analyze network traffic and ensures that critical systems, applications and services are always up and running.
Integrated View of All IFEC Systems On Satellite and Ground Network: At the core of TechOps is GEE’s Airview AI Platform Airview TechOps fuses Connected Aircraft Data (e.g. status of wireless access points, servers, connected passenger devices, content consumed, etc.) streamed over satellite with ground-based communication networks, flight status, satellite coverage footprints, and weather information to provide a comprehensive view of the IFC network.
User Friendly Dashboards to Track Key Performance Metrics: Airview TechOps’ user friendly Web UI provides an integrated view of numbers of passengers and aircraft on the network, types of content and bandwidth consumed, services and applications running on the network, etc., and can be pre-configured to present frequently viewed metrics.
Airview TechOps is offered with GEE’s AirConnect Global In-flight Connectivity (IFC) Solution. Additionally it can be used to analyze and visualize data from other third-party IFC/IFE providers and internal airline data platforms that are connected to the Airview AI Platform through open APIs.


T-Mobile’s “”ultra capacity”” 5G network runs on channels of up to 100MHz of 2.5GHz. AT&T and Verizon just introduced new mid-band networks based on the “”C-band,”” at 3.7 to 3.8GHz. Later this year, AT&T, T-Mobile, and Dish will all turn on more coverage at 3.45 to 3.55GHz.
Sony has been delivering creator-ready phones in its Xperia line for a few years, and the latest Xperia 1 III is the best of the bunch. There’s also the 6.1-inch Sony Xperia 5 III for budget-conscious users, which isn’t cheap, but it doesn’t cost as much as the premium Xperia 1 III. Both models come 5G-ready, so it’s up to you to decide on your needs. Those looking for a foldable 5G phone have a great new option from Samsung. While the other Samsung flagships might have an edge in certain respects, the Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 3‘s lure is that it can be folded in half, much like a classic flip phone.
Potential 5G stocks to buy include Corning , Ciena and other fiber-optic players. For some 5G stocks, the long-term opportunity will be tied to new networks that blur the line between mobile and fixed-line infrastructure. In addition, T-Mobile’s midband 5G network reached 210 million people at the end of 2021. Aside from Qualcomm and Skyworks, Cirrus Logic and Analog Devices also make chips built into smartphones. In China, Qualcomm faces more competition from local chipmaker MediaTek.
The Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra is the new leader of the best 5G phones, although it will cost you a fair chunk of change to enjoy its many great features. At TechRadar, we test every new 5G phone that comes out, so we’ve got a good idea of how they all run, work, and compare. We’ve used that knowledge to create this buying guide to help you work out which 5g phone tech is best for you.
5G satellite communication -directly from the sky to the device- will soon become a reality. Discover the definition benefits of a 5G SIM for 5G virtualized networks. The car and the house are two examples of the big IoT revolution coming ahead, supported by 5G networks. 5G networks are planned to support virtual networks such as low power, low throughput networks for low-cost IoT on the cost savings side.
His reviews also include ebook readers, hotspots, mobile networks, and tablets. While most generations have technically been defined by their data transmission speeds, each has also been marked by a break in encoding methods, or “”air interfaces,”” that makes it incompatible with the previous generation. Also in November 2012, the iJOIN EU project was launched, focusing on “”small cell”” technology, which is of key importance for taking advantage of limited and strategic resources, such as the radio wave spectrum.
T-Mobile, AT&T, and Verizon have all rolled out their so-called “nationwide” networks, using Sub-6 5G. Eventually, Sub-6 networks should be able to deliver speeds of multiple hundreds of gigabits per second, but for now, connections can be anywhere from 50Mbps to 400Mbps. All carriers have some form of Sub-6 network, primarily because 4G LTE currently runs on these lower frequencies.
Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein. We are at the heart of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project , the industry organization that defines the global specifications for 3G UMTS , 4G LTE, and 5G technologies. Here is where you find 5G technology explained—how 5G works, why 5G is important and how it’s changing the way the world connects and communicates. At Qualcomm, we invented the foundational breakthroughs that make 5G possible. Verizon, in particular, has taken advantage of DSS to scale out its low-band 5G by adding 5G tech to its 4G towers. IBD Videos Get market updates, educational videos, webinars, and stock analysis.