Frequency modulation and demodulation lab manual
Frequency Modulation and Demodulation Trainer ST2203 Operating Manual Ver 1.1 An ISO 9001 : 2000 company 94-101, Electronic Complex Pardesipura,
COMMUNICATION-I LAB MANUAL To study amplitude demodulation by linear diode detector 3. To study frequency modulation and determine its modulation factor
AC Lab Manual for Ece frequency modulation/demodulation, The lock range and capture range for IC 565 PLL are given by the following equations
Experiment 6: Frequency Modulation (FM), Generation and Detection By: Prof. Gabriel M. Rebeiz EECS Dept. The University of Michigan email@example.com
Lab Manual: Communication Systems Lab (EE-226-F) To study Frequency Modulation and Demodulation. 6-8 Experiment No-3: To study Pulse Amplitude
LAB MANUAL (STUDENT COPY) 2 Pulse Code Modulation & Demodulation 5-8 highest signal frequency present in all the channels is f m, then by sampling theorem
Using NI USRP Lab Manual 1 1 Introduction power efficiency frequency modulation (FM) Goal: This lab focuses on:
Analog Communications Lab Manual (S/W) (III ECE – I Sem) Frequency Modulation & Demodulation 6. PLL as FM Demodulator 7. Spectral …
Advanced Communication Laboratory Manual – 06ECL67 Department of Telecommunication Engg. – CMRIT 5 02 FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING (MODULATION AND DEMODULATION)
SYLLABUS OF EC1020 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING LAB SSB Modulation and Demodulation in MATLAB. Frequency modulation
How to change the frequency of the square wave generated by Lab 2: Pulse Code Modulation the modulation and demodulation process of PCM using a pre-built
FSK – frequency shift keying Vol D1, demodulation Part I experiments involving linear modulation and demodulation.
… AC Lab manual pdf file Please 3 Frequency Modulation and Demodulation. Communications Lab Manual Analog Communications Lab Manual Pdf JNTU AC Lab
communication lab manual EL394.pdf Modulation
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8/12/2012 · Principles of Communication LAB experiment. FM modulation and demodulation Nour Basic Principles of Frequency Modulation p1-2 1944 US Army
Lab 2 DSBSC Generation And Demodulation we explored the effects of both modulation and demodulation on the frequency As demonstrated in part 2 of this lab…
Frequency Modulation and Demodulation 1 trainer kit. C.R.O (20MHz) Function generator Documents Similar To Analog communications lab manual. Skip carousel.
Lab 6 Frequency Modulation For the particular PLL that we use in this lab, the Free Running Frequency (f 0) the FM demodulator and observe the demodulated signal.
Physics 404 Modulation & Demodulation Lab Page 4/8 Physics Department, UIUC B: FM To obtain a frequency modulated signal we fix the amplitude and let the time
LO frequency setting: The LO source can be set to internal or external. When it is set to internal, AM Modulation and Demodulation www.cypress.com
communication lab manual EL394.pdf. Also record the settings made for modulation frequency. FSK and its Demodulation:FSK (frequency shift keying).
LAB MANUAL EC65EC6512 112212 The Communication System Lab is designed to help To perform the frequency modulation and demodulation using FM kit
Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation 1 Lab Notes oscilloscope and the low-frequency spectrum analyzer to conﬁrm your prelab studies into the shape and form
In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation (FM) is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of …
EXPERIMENT NO. 3 FSK Modulation
laboratory manual information signal amplitude modulation 11 purpose frequency demodulation 25 purpose
IT6313-Digital Communication Lab Manual Department of IT,VCET Page 7 Exp.No. :3 FREQUENCY MODULATION AND DEMODULATION Date: AIM: To construct a frequency modulated
ANALOG COMMUNICATION LAB . Laboratory Manual . Pulse Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation C1 product value the frequency modulation …
2.5 Frequency Modulation and Demodulation The intent of the system box is that its use will allow a reduction in experiment set manual gain control (MGC
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– LAB Manual Frequency Modulation Experiment 8 – LAB Manual Frequency Modulation recovered signal in you lab sheet. Part IV: FM Demodulation Using Frequency
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS AND VHDL (EC-452) Lab Manual Delta Modulation and Demodulation. Frequency Shift Keying is …
LABORATORY MANUAL Gazi Üniversitesi
1 Frequency Modulation (FM) 1.1 Objective This experiment deals with the basic performance of Frequency Modulation (FM). Upon completion of the experiment, the
Lab 2: Designing and Analyzing Frequency Modulator for Angle Modulation as well as Frequency Modulation (FM) and Demodulation; Review Manual for the
This board implements Frequency Modulation Scientech 2170K FM Modulation and Demodulation is a comprehensive lab Scientech 2170K FM Modulation and
AC Lab Manual New – Download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File AMPLITUDE MODULATION & DEMODULATION 3 FREQUENCY MODULATION & DEMODULATION 8 DSB-SC MODULATOR & DETECTOR
Lab 8 – FM Modulation and Detection Page 8-1 FREQUENCY MODULATION Apply power to the demodulator circuit,
Student Manual 338 FACET by Lab-Volt Angle Modulation and Demodulation Analog Communications The left plot shows the frequency deviations caused by a …
final report on frequency modulation and demodulation with results and Frequency 3)Phase Frequency modulation In telecommunications and Lab manual uoh _ee370
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ANALOG COMMUICATION LAB LABORATORY MANUAL DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGG MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF Frequency modulation and demodulation.
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS LAB MANUAL EC-351 Prepared by SSB SC Modulation and Demodulation 4. Frequency Modulation and Demodulation 5. …
Manual for frequency modulation and demodulation Frequency Demodulation Labnote pl242 basic electronics lab.
1 Frequency Modulation Learn how to build FM demodulator. ify your results in the laboratory. Carrier sinewave frequency 10 MHz,
PCS Lab Manual Page 1 LABORATORY MANUAL PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LAB EE-226-F To study and perform Frequency Modulation and Demodulation. 3.
Lab 1: Amplitude Modulator and Demodulator of Analog Communications as well as of Double-Side-Band Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation in the manual.
LAb manual Communication lab by khan_ashraf in Types > Presentations, lab manual e communication lab. LAb manual Communication lab. Frequency Modulation…
two methods for demodulation. referred to as FM or frequency modulation. Since the frequency change of a sinusoid Frequency Modulation Parts required for Lab 6
1. Common Applications. Frequency modulation (FM) is most commonly used for radio and television broadcast. The FM band is divided between a variety of purposes.
Analog comm lab manual 1. Analog To study the process of frequency modulation and demodulation and to calculate thedepth of modulation by varying the
Lab& Modulation and Demodulation
Frequency Modulation University of Hawaii
Experiment 5: Frequency Modulation These spectra will be taken experimentally in the lab. 3. will be part of the demodulator and its frequency range is
ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB MANUAL Frequency modulation 11 Demodulation of the amplitude modulated signal can be achieved by using the modulators which
These results indicate that the lab manual should be easily read and understood by twelve by demodulation. This is in contrast to frequency modulation
Lab 2 Designing and Analyzing Frequency Modulator
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This is lab manual for Digital Signal Processing course at COMSATS Change the modulating frequency and modulation percentage of the AM 5 Demodulation
This is a laboratory manual for analog communication experiments. Modulation and Demodulation using PLL 63 • Frequency Modulation
2 FSK MODULATION Objective • To describe the FSK modulation and demodulation (Frequency Shift Keying) • To carry out a FSK connection • To examine the noise
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering LAB MANUAL To study frequency modulation & demodulation and to calculate modulation index
LABORATORY MANUAL 2006-2007 FALL . 2 which comprises a pulse code modulator and demodulator. The encoding, frequency and …
Laboratory Manual For Optical Communication. In order to fully understand how this frequency modulation transmitter (161005) Lab Manual Output
ECE 4670 Spring 2014 Lab 5 Frequency Modulation, Demodulation, and Phase-Locked Loops 1 Introduction The underlying theme of this lab is angle modulation, in
LAb manual Communication lab by khan_ashraf in Types > Presentations, lab manual, y communication lab
AMPLITUDE MODULATION &DEMODULATION 3ECE-I Sem – AC Lab accomplished using a high- frequency “carrier” sinusoid and a lower frequency “modulation
VI SEM ECE SIMULATION PRACTICAL LAB MANUAL AM Modulation and Demodulation by the frequency deviation and modulation index …
Many natural substances exhibit this rectification behaviour, which is why it was the earliest modulation and demodulation technique used Frequency modulation
ES442 Lab#6 Ver 2. ! 1 !!! ES442 Lab 6 Frequency Modulation and Demodulation !! Objective 1. Build simple FM demodulator by using frequency discriminator
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ImpactDLT IOTA Coin with NFC IOTA Wallet in Silver
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Each coin is numbered XXX
About the NFC tag:
Near Field Communication Explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TwwqdDTzfU
It has the ability to transmit data short distance wireless without any power.
Majority of recently released android phones and any IPhone 7 can read NFC tags.
The NFC tag will store a URL + IOTA SEED (encrypted) + IOTA Deposit Address.
The IOTA SEED will be encrypted so even if someone else scans the NFC tag it will be useless without the password.
You have two options to create the IOTA wallet on the NFC tag.
1. Randomly generated SEED encrypted using your own password.
2. Input your own SEED and password. (Requires NodeJS or Linux or MacOsX)
Or you can leave the NFC chip blank


Measurements and Technical Diagrams
Pic 1: Room acoustic analysis of a 12m² home-recording studio without acoustic modules
Pic 2: Room acoustic analysis of a 12m² home-recording studio with acoustic modules
The well-proportioned reverberation and the improved frequency response through the use of HOFA-Akustik modules in this room are distinctly visible (pic 2). This guarantees a good room acoustic in which instruments and speakers can unfold to their full potential.
In our absorbers we use Basotect, because this material absorbs acoustic energy effectively and evenly. The following chart provides information on the sound absorption coefficient dependent on the layer thickness:
The measurements were conducted on 21.11.2011 in an echo chamber wich has been designed to fulfil DIN EN ISO 354:2003.
Download HOFA-Basstraps test record (german text): :
Messung der äquivalenten Schallabsorptionsfläche nach DIN EN ISO 354
What does the DIN-Standard measurement tell about HOFA-Basstraps?
From 80 Hz to below 200 Hz the basstraps absorb over 90% of sound energy*. Well below 80 Hz sound energy is still noticeably absorbed.
The damping of the high frequencies is unproblematic because of the implemented acoustic foil.
TIP: In order to enhance absorption of deep bass frequencies, place the basstrap with some distance from the corner of the room.
For even stronger absorption below 80 Hz simply put two HOFA-Basstraps in a row.
* Approximately calculated in reference to the curved surface area of the HOFA BassTraps wich is about 1,3508m2.


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ShenZhen ZhongXingTong Telecom Equipment Co., Ltd. Locate in ShenZhen China, covering 3000 square meters manufacturer, and with a brother manufacturer Nanyang TianKun Industrial Co., Ltd locate in HeNan China, covering 6000 square meters. Specializing in manufacturing and markting of telecom equipment and fiber optic since 2009.
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Hem / Kundanpassning / Telia - marking antenna system (Eng) Telia - marking antenna system (Eng) Selected products for marking of antenna system in Telia Company Sites. Here you order Telia approved marking system products for labelling Telia 5Gstations and antennas. The marking products are delivered with desired identification and sorted according to your order template. Ordering For ordering, follow the instructions below. Download Fleximarks order template (Excel) and save it on the computer. Fill in the order template and save. Add products you want to order in the shopping cart. Complete the order. Then send an email to firstname.lastname@example.org where you attach the order template. Tip! In the order template, you can sort and have each package marked if you state this in the order template. Contact our customer service on telephone +46 (0)155 777 90 or use the webshop chat if you have questions or need more information. Inga produkter hittades som motsvarar ditt val.


Jared is a leader in IoT technology in the South East. Currently working on the Fuseworks technology with Fusethru, Jared is trying to make remote asset monitoring integration for embedded developers as easy as possible.
Azure service bus can be used to handle dynamic demand and handle on premises workloads in the cloud. In this talk we will explore the following: 1. Creating a generic service bus implementation to sit on top of exiting APIs. 2. Dynamically expanding service bus consumers to handle dynamic load. 3. Exposing on premises services utilizing the Azure service bus.
In this talk we will explore the following: Utilizing Machine Learning to perform predictive maintenance. Challenges facing remote sensor data retrieval and consumption. Real world scenarios and how their problems were solved. Explore the Fuseworks solution to standard sensor challenges.


MIL OSI – Source: TU Berlin –
Headline: Programme: DFG – Priority Programme “High Frequency Flexible Bendable Electronics for Wireless Communication Systems (FFLexCom)” (SPP 1796)
Mittwoch, 20. September 2017…”Vision and GoalsIn the past electronic devices have mainly been advanced regarding performance, power consumption and costs. A further interesting property of future electronics is mechanical flexibility, which can come together with advantageous features such as bendability, stretchability, light weight, ultra thinness, transparency, large area integration and easy recyclability. These properties can be achieved by modern TOLAE (thin film organic and large area electronics) technologies.
Cut-off frequencies up to the 100 MHz range and bending radii down to 3 mm were reported for TOLAE devices such as transistors. These recent achievements indicate a novel promising research area: Wireless communication systems fully integrated on ultra-thin, bendable and flexible substrates such as plastic or even paper. Hence, conventional rigid circuit boards would not be required any more. However, to enable functional flexible systems and sufficiently high operation frequencies for wireless communications, the speed of flexible TOLAE devices and circuits must be massively increased. […]
Focus of the Second PhaseIn the first phase the focus was mainly put on material research, the design and modelling of devices, as well the design of simple basic circuits. In the second phase, further corresponding improvements are encouraged. However, compared to the first phase, the priority is put on circuits with higher complexity, transmitters, receivers, complete transceiver frontends, system packaging, as well as the demonstration of wireless transmissions using TOLAE technology.”…
Hier finden Sie die vollständige Ausschreibung.
(Quelle: DFG Informationen für die Wissenschaft, Nr. 63, 15.09.2017)


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The US satellite LES1, build from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), was launched into space on February 11, 1965, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. He finished only a few of the mission objectives, before terminating transmission in 1967. The satellite was lost in the space because of failure in its circuitry.
After 50 years, the satellite starts transmitting signals again. In 2013, an Amateur Astronomer called Phil Williams, from Cornwall, United Kingdom, retrieves a signal from LES1, but needed three years to confirm it. The “ghostly sound” within the signal was the reason many to believe that alien civilization catch the satellite and it is trying to communicate with the Earth. However, the astronomical community was surprised how the lost satellite comes back online again.
Component failure is thought to be the reason why satellite transmitter starts working again. The transmitter receives power from onboard solar panels. The satellite needs four seconds to rotate on itself, and the signals send on 237MHz oscillates every time when the solar panels are shadowed.
This isn’t the first time NASA to lose satellite in the space which reappears later. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft lost contact with NASA in 1998, before connecting again 22 months later.


Laptop Magazine Editors Choice for September 2005. Laptop calls it a *must have* program for mobile professionals. "The chief advantage or using Connection Manager PRO is that it seamlessly enables your preset profile for the type of connection it detects, giving you the freedom to think...
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QoS Connection Tuning HOWTO is a document which explains how to tune network connection performance. This enables you to get the maximum benefit out of your connection without lag and loss..
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Packagesoft NPM Pro 2014 is the easiest way to manage settings on client computers that connect to multiple networks. When a known network connection is established, NPM automatically configures the client to suit. For example, when employees work from multiple company locations where each...
Platforms: Windows 8, Windows 7
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NetworkManager program is a network connection manager for most RPM and Debian-based distros. Supports Ethernet, WiFi, VPN connections. Networking on Linux should not suck like it does right now for the desktop user. The desktop user should never need to use the command-line to configure...
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NetworkManager Applet project is used as a network connection manager for most RPM and Debian-based distros. Supports Ethernet, WiFi, VPN connections..
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p2pshaper is a Linux QoS script to ensure good latency and fairness on a slow network connection overloaded by p2p applications. It also includes generic optimizations to improve fairness. This release includes a large number of improvements since the 1.3 test release. In short p2pshaper is a...
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A client-server application that lets you seamlessly redirect audio from one PC to another over your network connection using ALSA, JACK or a file for capture/playback. Features - Redirect audio seamlessly over a network - Support for ALSA, JACK and popular audio file formats. - Support...
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gnetworktester was designed to test the stability and quality of a network connection. This application helps users in testing the quality of network connection and in sending complaints on that to provider. gnetworktester application helps users in testing the quality of network connection and...
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Network Mechanic optimizes your Internet connection up to 300%, providing faster download speeds and fewer delays while browsing. Network Mechanic modifies a wide series of parameters that control how your TCP/IP stack operates. Such parameters as packet size, receive and transmit window sizes,...
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NetGrid Studio gives you an inside look into your network connection. Internet Service Providers are playing all sorts of games these days with unlimited and always on network connections, when really that is not the case. Many ISP's have also been found to be packet shaping and throttling...
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Enable or Disable LAN with Shortcut and View Network Connections with Network Connection State. Toggle LAN Status to Connected or Disconnected easily,can be useful to enable / disable internet connection quickly and easily. Download Network Controller to control your LAN Connections swiftly and...
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An advanced system utilities toolkit?¬It support WIN 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP. You can use it to manage Autostart, share folder, task, process, service, to view Network connection , and TCP/IP Port open by which process. It can recover IE Setup which modify by harmful web page. You also can use it,...
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NetWorx is a simple, yet powerful tool that helps you objectively evaluate your bandwidth situation. NetWorx can collect bandwidth usage data and measure the speed of your Internet or any other network connection. NetWorx can help you identify possible sources of network problems, ensure that you...
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An advanced tool for network traffic monitoring and statistics. It monitors the bandwidth usage of a specified network connection on your computer, graphically and numerically displays its state in real-time. With NT Meter you can easily check the current state of the network connection and view...
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NetMAC is the best solution for users who needs to change network connection settings (TCP/IP parameters, MAC address, default printer, computer name, DNS domain, workgroup/domain, Internet Explorer settings).
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A handy, powerful, visual ping test utility and IP scanner for system administrator to check network connection. PingEasy is a graphical ping utility lets you easy to watch the states of network and test the connection speeds of various locations. It can save IP addresses and hosts name,...
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ICPLD is a connection monitor which allows you to keep track of your network connection perfomance. It will log each occasion of broken networking. icpld runs as a background process, and sends ICMP requests to an ip of your choice. When a reply isnt received within proper amount of time, it...
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Zoidcom is a network library, UDP based networking library providing features for automatic replication of gameobjects and synchronization of their states over a network connection in a highly bandwidth efficient manner. This is achieved by multiplexing and demultiplexing object information...
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NoMachine NX Desktop Server is a cost-effective solution that enables any business to deploy centralized applications to thin clients, mobile and home workers, over any network connection, with astonishing speed and ease of use. NX uses the power of the X-Window system to bring the network...
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xnetload is a software that runs under the X Window System, displays a count and a graph of the traffic over a specified network connection. I used it to monitor my PPP connection to the Internet. Ive switched to torsmo. And since Im not running Linux anymore the amount of maintenance I can do...
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TagIT specialises in designing, installing and commissioning on farm wireless networks (WiFi). Utilising an existing broadband connection to the property we often link the milking shed, manager’s residence and other cottages to a network. This creates an effective broadband network across the farm.
A wireless network allows a Wi-Fi enabled device such as a personal computer, video game console, smartphone or digital audio player to be connected to the Internet when within range of the wireless network. The coverage of one or more (interconnected) access points — called hotspots — generally comprises an area the size of a few rooms but may be expanded to cover many square miles, depending on the number of access points with overlapping coverage.
Each site is unique and there are numerous factors we need to allow for when designing a Wi-Fi network, so contact us for a quote.


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Sennheiser CL-100 cable with a standard 1/8" (3.5mm) mini and unbalanced XLR male connections. The cable is specifically designed for connecting the Evolution series portable EK series receivers to the audio inputs on Beta Cameras, mixers, amplifiers, etc.
© 2008 - 2021 Steady Pro Equipment Sdn Bhd (887463-U) (GST: 000812441600). All rights reserved.
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Audio-frequency and loud-speaker cables are used to transmit «words as well as music» signals. In most cases, the electrical transmission path is quite short, nevertheless, the cables have to meet high standards as far as the quality of the transmission is concerned.
Loud-speaker cables are manufactured, in most cases, in parallel construction. The conductors are made up of flexible or highIy flexible copper strands. It is generally recognised that a more «original» transmittance is obtained with highIy flexible copper strands than with flexible copper strands.
Audio-frequency cables have to have good shielding constructions to minimise external influences. Values of mutual capacity, inductance and operative attenuation have to be kept as low as possible. Audio-frequency cables are manufactured in coaxial and symmetrical configuration. They are used as superior medium in the Hi-Fi technique (amplifier, recorder, CD player, tape-desk, etc.) and in professional studio equipment. The types of insulation materials used are Polyethylene, cellular-polyethylene and special PVC compounds. The conductor and shield materials used are plain bare copper, tinned copper, silver plated copper and in rare instances plain silver.


ACI Power Buss 2075B
The SeaRey Power Buss is an electronic device that provides 12 volt DC overload monitoring and protection for 18 electrical circuits. The Power Buss also monitors (high amperage) generator supply and landing gear actuator circuits.
Protection is provided by 18 solid-state PTC (“Positive Temperature Coefficient”) current limiters (trade name POLYSWITCH®) that, like circuit breakers and fuses, automatically remove power when a circuit becomes overloaded. Just as mechanical circuit breakers can be reset, the PTC can be reset, but only if power to the PTC or the load (or service) supplied by the PTC is manually shut off for approximately 15 seconds.
Monitoring is provided by a red warning light (that also includes the function of a momentary push switch) and an electronic voice annunciator system that provides an audio identification of the tripped circuit through the pilot’s headset and onboard speaker.
The SeaRey Power Buss includes a protected avionics buss that automatically removes power from sensitive avionics systems during engine start. Although there is provision for an avionics master switch, the integral power-down function reduces this requirement.


Mr. Obadia Musau, Director, Information communication and technology services
Information communication and technology services
The directorate is headed by the Director ITCS Mr. Obadia Musau (pictured right),
The staff of the directorate of Information Technology and Communication Services work to provide the university with a robust, secure, and enabling technology environment. we operate a multi-layered environment made up of infrastructure, applications, services, and specialized support.
At the most basic level is a massive wired and wireless computing and communications infrastructure.
Lots of bytes of data, voice and video go through this infrastructure twenty four hours, sevens days a week all year round, carrying the critical academic and administrative business of the TUM.
At the apex of this foundational infrastructure reside dozens of computing applications and services.
These applications and services, from email to the Financial Management System, from networked storage space to student management and registry systems, allow the campus community to communicate, research, collaborate and efficiently conduct the core functions of the university college.


Delivering Private LTE to the emerging remote Agribusiness sector
Our Current Focus: WA Wheat Board – Delivering Private LTE
URSYS, Optus Satellite, and SEPWA (South East Premium Wheatgrowers Association) have deployed 2 LTE sites, one at Lort River and one at Cascade. The objective is to demonstrate the power and flexibility of LTE combined with Optus Satellite by delivering a high-speed community network distributed over a large service area and backed by a fast 5/2 mbps unlimited satellite connection.
Both of the sites have a standard configuration consisting of a satellite connection and an LTE “EPC” (router) and radio unit. The LTE networks at both sites are part of the same larger network, meaning that devices are able to utilise both towers depending on their proximity to one or the other.
The satellite connection is delivered by the Optus D2 satellite utilising the URSYS iDirect VSAT platform. The 5/2 mbps satellite service was configured as a “pooled” service that can have multiple sites (or even customers) contributing to and sharing the same pool of satellite capacity. This approach was chosen to demonstrate the potential for more users to join the service. If this was to happen there would be a net benefit to everyone from an increase in shared satellite capacity, resulting in higher peak download speeds and lower cost.
Given the farming context, LTE was the logical choice given the large service areas that need to be covered. LTE excels at providing high speed service over great distance, with some LTE cells providing a 100km cell radius from a tower. The LTE tower is being operated at relatively low power due to the operating license issued, however sites as far as 12km away from the tower are achieving stable and consistent performance.
Indoor, outdoor, and vehicular modems have been provided to the LTE network and distribute broadband access as WiFi to users.
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a high-speed point-to-multipoint wireless technology used by millions of people on their mobile phones every day to get online. Typically these kinds of technologies have been limited to public telecommunications networks due to the cost and complexity of implementation; however both cost and complexity have been reduced with the advent of specific small scale LTE solutions like the one here.
It has focused largely on broadband distribution LTE, as it is an incredibly powerful technology for enabling “smart farms” by allowing IoT/M2M style telemetry and automation hardware to operate over a wide service area on a standard protocol at very low power.
SEPWA, URSYS, Optus Satellite and the project donors; Esperance Shire, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and the Goldfields-Esperance Regional Development Commission, are looking forward to obtaining real life experience of this type of technology and its use in the Agricultural industry.
CONTACT@URSYS.COM.AU for more information.


Pivot3: Hyperconverged Infrastructure – Purpose-Built for Video Surveillancedaniel
As video surveillance becomes an integral part of the global economy, businesses increasingly require IT solutions that not only address liability and security threats, but also provide a solid foundation for the analytics and operational intelligence essential to success. However, today’s advanced, high-definition IP video surveillance systems are required to support an increasing number of applications and produce massive amounts of sensitive data. Capturing, protecting, and accessing that data is a very challenging task for traditional surveillance technology, adding significant costs and pressures to your IT infrastructure. Pivot3’s hyperconverged infrastructure solutions are optimized for demanding, data-intensive surveillance workloads. Using standard off-the-shelf server hardware, Pivot3 software aggregates the storage and compute resources from multiple servers into a single unified pool that all cameras can access, which maximizes performance and storage capacity utilization. Pivot3 Surveillance solutions are designed with industry leading resiliency. Even if multiple hardware failures occur, including an entire appliance, video management servers will remain online and recording, and any previously recorded video will remain protected and accessible. Pivot3 reduces total cost of operations by consolidating servers, storage and client workstations into one enterprise-class solution that is easily managed from a single user interface, without the need for specialized IT skills. Additionally, all integrated security applications can be delivered to any device, protecting your most valuable assets with rapid and secure access to security information where it’s needed most. From large scale implementations to smaller environments with multiple locations, Pivot3 surveillance solutions deliver the performance you need and the confidence that critical data is stored without loss, protected from failures and always available to provide insight throughout your entire organization.With data stored and protected from millions of cameras in 53 countries, thousands of global enterprises rely on Pivot3 every day to help them achieve their video surveillance objectives.


You might have heard the term 5G being bandied about more lately and be wondering what it is and what it means for you...
5G is short for ‘fifth generation mobile networks’. And that’s literally what it is – the fifth generation of mobile networks (with a mobile network being what you use to call, text and – when not connected to a Wi-Fi network – get online). But it’s set to be far faster than previous generations, and unlike 4G it could open up whole new use cases for mobile data.
Lyndsey Bauer, cyber guru & Partner at Paragon Brokers has compiled the following on 5G and the impact it could have on OUR world:
According to the CEO of Qualcomm: “5G will have an impact similar to the introduction of electricity or the car, affecting entire economies and benefiting entire societies.” Many of the benefits probably aren’t yet apparent to us.
What is it?
5G is not a single wireless technology, but an umbrella term used to categorise the fifth generation of wireless communication, offering networks that will allow much faster downloads through a combination of high speeds, massive bandwidth and super low latency.
Some Telco experts are going so far as to call the arrival of 5G as the advent of the fourth industrial revolution. It will drive innovation such as even smarter cities, better connected cars and advancements in medical technologies. But generational change in mobile communications doesn’t just happen overnight. It requires significant effort in research and development and the resources necessary to support that effort. A 2016 report suggested that nationwide 5G coverage for the United States would probably cost more than $300 billion.
Cyber and D&O Underwriters alike will want to know that, where relevant, our clients are preparing for 5G – transitioning will be expensive and will take time – to make sure they are ready to compete / not become obsolete. The health impact must be studied (cell towers effectively send out waves of radiation), environmental impact (health of birds & bees etc), and until the potential impact is known, new exclusions may start to appear on policies.
5G will also play a major role in IoT. We will certainly see increased appetite for Cyber combined with BI/PD coverage and possibly to include Recall coverages.
Likewise, we will see regulators that are new to us & our markets, such as the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) which will need to be contemplated for coverage. [The CPSC is the regulator tasked with protecting the public from risks of injury or death from the use of consumer products. The CPSC issues regulations and standards for the manufacture of consumer products, enforces a statute that mandates reporting of potentially unsafe products and imposes substantial civil penalties when a firm fails to do so.]
5G in context:
The move from first generation wireless to second generation (2G) brought texting capabilities, while 3G enabled mobile users to browse the internet at speeds previously only experienced with a desktop computer. The evolution continued with 4G, which made possible a new economy of mobile applications like AirB&B. Analysts predict the 5G standard will promise even greater disruption by connecting billions of devices in our homes, cars, offices and cities, using some of the fastest and most reliable ways possible. But it will take time. Work on 4G took nearly a decade…
The range of new 5G technologies is underpinned by a fundamentally unique architecture.
Telco carriers & cable providers will need to invest in and possibly totally overhaul their network to stay relevant. T Mobile & Sprint are trying to merge in order to be better equipped to create 5G networks. Verizon is the first 5G service to launch.
For you stock watchers there may just be a network equipment boom on the horizon rivaling the late 90s… All these new cells will still be connected by a robust wire network, meaning we will need a lot more fiber optic lines to power it. As a result, cable companies with existing fiber-based wire-line networks (like Verizon) are better suited to meet the architecture requirements of a 5G network.
What’s so new about the architecture?
All modern communication depends on controlling signals within the electromagnetic spectrum. 5G uses unique frequencies that are higher than those used by 4G (an example of a frequency is either a radio station or a TV channel).
The image below might help make this less abstract. When you chat on your mobile phone, your phone converts your voice into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted via radio waves to the nearest cell tower. All of these towers will either need to be adjusted (retrofit) or replaced to catch this higher frequency.
5G also uses shorter wavelengths than 4G. In addition to concerns that these shorter wavelengths present a health & environmental risk, it means to enable phone coverage/connection there will need to be new, smaller, cell towers built closer to each other.
“5G will have an impact similar to the introduction of electricity or the car, affecting entire economies and benefiting entire societies.”


MyInternetPacks provides the latest 2g Internet Packs and Internet Plans of Virgin. The Virgin 2g Internet tariff plans listed here are for Mumbai. Virgin offers various 2g Internet packs/plans for unlimited browsing and downloading via mobile.
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We found that the organization hosting www.Revista1986.com.ar is Telecom Argentina S.A. in Campana, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
A more detailed IP address report for www.Revista1986.com.ar is below. At the time you pulled this report, the IP of www.Revista1986.com.ar is 188.8.131.52 and is located in the time zone of America/Mendoza. The context of www.Revista1986.com.ar is "Revista1986" and could reflect the theme of the content available on the resource. More IP details of www.Revista1986.com.ar are shown below along with a map location.
|Host of this IP:||host200.181-88-192.telecom.net.ar|
|Organization:||Telecom Argentina S.A.|
|ISP/Hosting:||Telecom Argentina S.A.|
|User Rating:||Rated / 5|
|Local Time:||09/21/2017 09:34 PM|
A IP address contains a series of numbers and decimals. Click here to see what a IP looks like. Read more...
Subnet mask is a concept that refers to the functioning of Internet Protocol addresses and is used as a network separation tool. Read more...
Read how to resolve a IP address conflict on your local network. Read more...


Tuesday, October 29, 2019
Network Simulator Essay Example for Free
Network Simulator Essay INTRODUCTION IEEE 802.11 is the de facto standard for WLANs. It specifies both the medium access control (MAC) and the physical (PHY) layers for WLANs. The MAC layer operates on top of one of several physical layers. Medium access is performed using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance. However, simple CSMA is susceptible to the hidden node problem, especially in so called ad hoc networks where a node may communicate directly with every other node in range or using intermediate nodes as relays otherwise. Hidden nodes cause costly packet collisions and thus significantly affect network performance. In order to combat the hidden node problem, a mechanism known as Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) handshake is often used. RTS/CTS mechanism is supported in the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. The RTS/CTS mechanism was initially proposed in a protocol called Multiple- Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA). From a network point of view, one of the primary reasons for using the RTS/CTS mechanism is to avoid network congestion resulting from frequent packet collisions. Figure 1 depicts a conceptual Ã¢â¬Å"throughput versus Packet SizeÃ¢â¬ curve for a network. In the presence of congestion, the throughput goes to zero as the Packet Size is increased beyond a certain value. A properly designed network, on the other hand, maintains the maximum throughput as the Packet Size goes to infinity. LITERATURE REVIEW The IEEE 802.11 standard includes an optional feature of the RTS/CTS (Request to Send/Clear to Send) function to control station access to the medium when collisions occur due to the hidden node. This option is also known as virtual carrier sensing. Through the proper use of RTS/CTS, you can fine-tune the operation of your wireless LAN since it solves the hidden node problem and provides additional protection against collisions. If you enable RTS/CTS on a particular station, it will refrain from sending a data frame until the station completes a RTS/CTS handshake with another station, such as an access point. A station initiates the process by sending a RTS frame. The access point (AP) or another station receives the RTS and responds with a CTS frame. The station must receive a CTS frame before sending the data frame. The CTS also contains a time value that alerts other stations to hold off from accessing the medium while the station initiating the RTS transmitsÃ its data. Thus, the use of RTS/CTS reduces collisions and improves the performance of the network if hidden nodes are present. SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT We use Ns-3 as simulation tool. NS-3 is built using C++ and Python and scripting is available with both languages. The ns-3 library is wrapped to python thanks to the pybindgen library which delegates the parsing of the ns-3 C++ headers to gccxml and pygccxml to generate automatically the corresponding C++ binding glue. These automatically-generated C++ files are finally compiled into the ns-3 python module to allow users to interact with the C++ ns-3 models and core through python scripts. Graphical visualization of raw or processed data collected in a simulation is graphed using Gnuplot tool. Our experimental done in Ubuntu 11.10 with installation of all needed tools. Simulation environment based on the command below, sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ python mercurial NS-3 is available in (linux, osx, cygwin, mingw) and we deploy Development version: http://code.nsnam.org/ns-3-dev. The development version is usually stable; a lot of people use it for daily work. RESULT ANALYSIS The results analysis are based on the following factors * Enabling and disabling RTS/CTS * Protocol bases, either UDP or TCP * WLAN standards which are IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g * Variation of Throughput, Packet Loss Ratio, Delay with Packet Size and Wifi Nodes. From the graphs below result obtained through the following * Disabling and enabling RTS/CTS * UDP protocol used * IEEE 802.11b standard used * Variation of Packet Size (500-2200) Considering the second result with use of TcpTahoe, TcpNewReno, TcpReno and UDP transport protocols with the following * Disabling and enabling RTS/CTS * UDP protocol used * IEEE 802.11b standard used * Variation of Packet Size Fig. Tahoe 1 Fig. Tahoe 2 Fig. Tahoe 3 Fig. Reno 1 Fig. Reno 2 Fig. Reno 3 Fig. Newreno 1 Fig. Newreno 2 Fig. Newreno 3 Considering the third result for different IEEE802.11 standards (802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g). * Disabling and enabling RTS/CTS * TCP protocol used * IEEE 802.11a/ IEEE 802.11b/ IEEE 802.11g standard used * Variation of Wifi Nodes Fig. 802.11a (i) Fig. 802.11a (ii) Fig. 802.11a (iii) Fig. 802.11b (i) Fig. 802.11b (ii) Fig. 802.11b (iii) Fig. 802.11g (i) Fig. 802.11g (ii) Fig. 802.11g (iii) CONCLUSION From the result analysis obtained above, it is clearly seen that IEEE 802.11a has better performance compared to other wireless standards due to the following reasons; * Provides maximum data rate of about 54 Mbps. * It operates in 5GHz ISM band. * It is not subjected to interference from other products designed , * It is characterized with higher throughput * It is suited for connectivity provision over densely populated user environment Also from the result analysis above, TCP Tahoe is the best TCP variant due to the following facts; * It is characterized by fast retransmit. * It is characterized by fast recovery. * Reduce congestion window REFERENCES 1. E. Ayanoglu, S. Paul, T. F. LaPorta, K. K. Sabnani, and R. D.Gitlin, Ã¢â¬Å"AIRMAIL: A link-layer protocol for wireless networks,Ã¢â¬ ACMACM/Baltzer Wireless Networks J., vol. 1, pp. 47Ã¢â¬â60, Feb. 1995. 2. A. Bakre and B. R. Badrinath, Ã¢â¬Å"Handoff and system support for indirectTCP/IP,Ã¢â¬ in Proc. 2nd Usenix Symp. Mobile and Location-IndependentComputing, Apr. 1995. 3. S. Keshav, Ã¢â¬Å"REAL: A Network Simulator,Ã¢â¬ University of California at * Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, Tech. Rep., 1988. * 4. V. Naoumov and A. Gross, Ã¢â¬Å"Simulation of Large Ad Hoc Networks,Ã¢â¬ In Proceedings of the 6th ACM Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and * Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, 2003.


Mobile Applications are becoming a fast growing trend within the business world, especially for the security alarm industry. Our industry is built on operating and utilizing technologies and applications that create more efficiency and provide the most benefit to our customers.
Approximately 44% of Americans now own smartphones, which is up from 18% two years ago. Mobile applications provide entertainment through wildly popular games, provide convenience through online banking and also be a very beneficial technology for businesses to utilize. With advancing software capabilities, mobile applications will continue to evolve at a rapid pace and be in high demand.
MKS’ offers some of the most cutting-edge mobile products within our industry through our WebTech and Mobile Virtual Operator applications. [WebTech] allows technicians to receive electronic service tickets via any web-enabled device. Technicians are able view updates and changes in real-time from everything from inventory management, service history and placing accounts on/off test. [Mobile Virtual Operators] allows technicians to place accounts on/off test, extend times and view the account history from their mobile devices, all without having to tie up a central station operator. Both of these mobile applications increase efficiency while cutting down on labor and operational costs.
A great example of the impact mobile applications are having on the security alarm industry was from the first annual Mobile Apps Meet-Up that took place at ESX 2012 in Nashville this past June. This was a great showcase of the emerging mobile applications that are impacting our industry. MKS’s WebTech module was one of the finalists that were presented during the meet-up.
As an industry technology leader, MKS is continuing to explore new opportunities for mobile applications…stay tuned! For more information on our mobile applications, please contact one of our Business Development Representatives at 888-642-7653 or email@example.com.
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Data, Voice, and Video Networks for a Connected, Smart Office
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Overview of VMware Virtual Networks on VMware Workstation.
As you may already know, you access the Virtual Network Editor by clicking Edit then Virtual Network Editor...
After a fresh install of VMware Workstation we have the default virtual networks of VMnet0 as a Bridged network, VMnet1 as a Host-only network and VMnet8 as a NAT network.
Let's step through a Bridged network, a Host-only network and NAT network and discuss what they are, why to use them and how to configure each.
The first virtual network is a Bridged network. A Bridged network is one where the Guest OS shares the Host network adapter in connecting to the physical network. The Guest OS uses the same DHCP Server, DNS Server and Gateway as the Host OS.
You can only have one Bridged network per physical network adapter on the Host computer.
A Bridged network is used to integrate with your existing network. Examples for using a Bridged network are when the Guest OS needs to:
• Communicate with other computers on the LAN
• Integrate into a domain
This makes sense when IT Departments virtualize a portion of their hardware environment going from, for example, eight servers and eight OS's to one server and nine OS's.
Another example is, I use VMware Workstation and my Host OS as a pristine environment and my computing, if you will, is performed on a VM Guest OS where both are part of my domain and infrastructure.
By default, our first Bridged network VMnet0 has Bridged to set to Automatic. If we click Automatic Settings, we see every connection is available to be bridged. If we were to add a new Bridged Virtual Network we'll receive an error stating "There are no un-bridged host network adapters." Let's click Add Network, select and available virtual network, change network type to Bridged and there is our error.
We can resolve this by either changing VMnet0 Bridged to as specific network adapter or by removing a network adapter from the Automatic Settings.
The next virtual network is a Host-only Virtual Network and is a private network between the Host OS, which is optional and other Guest OS's on the same virtual network. There is no public access outside this network; meaning there is no Default Gateway.
To not permit the Host OS access to this Host-only virtual network we must uncheck 'Connect a host virtual adapter to this network.' If this is checked, the Host OS will have a virtual network adapter which provides access to this network.
VMware on the Host OS will supply DHCP services which are also configurable. By default the DHCP service is enabled; to disable uncheck 'Use local DHCP service to distribute IP addresses to VMs.' We set the Subnet IP and Subnet mask below. We can also configure DHCP services by clicking 'DHCP Settings...'
To add a Host-only network we follow the same procedure and click 'Add Network...', select an available virtual network and chose 'Host-only'.
Essentially, a Host-only network is used for isolation of Guest OS's
The last virtual network is a NAT Virtual Network. NAT is short for Network Address Translation. A NAT Virtual Network is similar to Host-only with the exception it is not private and you can only have one NAT Virtual Network.
Since the Guest OS's now have access to the public world beyond the Host OS we need the ability to configure the Default Gateway, DNS service, NetBios and Port Forwarding. This infrastructure is all served by VMware on the Host OS.
To configure these options we click 'NAT Settings...' Here we can set the Gateway IP to be passed out by DHCP service. Do not confuse this with the same IP address as the Host OS, it must be different unique.
Next we can add a port forwarding from the physical LAN to inside the NAT Virtual Network VMnet8. For example we can add FTP with a Host OS port of 10021, type TCP, Virtual Machine IP address of 192.168.184.44 (some static ip on VMnet8 to FTP server), Virtual Machine port of 21 and a Description of FTP. Furthermore we can allow Active FTP vs. Passive FTP by checking or unchecking 'Allow active FTP.'
We can also configure the DNS Settings by clicking 'DNS Settings...' To have the Host provide the DNS service we check 'Auto detect available DNS servers.' If we have a DNS server on the NAT Virtual Network then uncheck 'Auto detect available DNS servers' and specify the IP address of the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server(s).
A NAT Virtual Network is ideal for managing a small network where it is truly independent of everything on the physical LAN. For example, a complete network of Domain Control, DNS Server, DHCP Server, Web Server and Workstations can all be configured on a NAT given the Host Computer or Server had the resources to run each simultaneously.


Tailored optical stimulation for the blind
- EPFL News
- By Hillary Sanctuary
- Jul 9, 2021
EPFL scientists in a European collaboration propose a personalized protocol for optimizing stimulation of optic nerve fibers, for the blind, which takes into account feedback from the viewer’s brain. The protocol has been tested on artificial neural networks known to simulate the physiology of the entire visual system, from the eye to the visual cortex. The stimulation protocol will be tested in clinical trials with partners in Rome.


We need next generation, reliable and robust communication
Communication is an essential part of a digitalized, intelligent industry. Having real-time information about anything, anywhere available everywhere at all times is an important step for the mines of the future. Ericsson leads the way!
Positioning both increase safety and save a lot of time in the mines of the future
Generic Collection of Positioning gives us safer mines as we know where things are. Mobilaris and IGW join forces to create Low-cost Mass Localisation of Assets will help people both today and tomorrow.
Communication and Positioning
This WP demonstrates state-of-the-art communication and positioning technology, for use in a mining environment. A versatile, integrated, and highly adaptable network will support communication needs and a variety of techniques will support positioning needs, for all use cases and applications throughout the demonstration mine. Use cases that the communication and positioning should support include real-time people interactions, safety, collection and transmission of sensor and process data, process control, remote operation of machines/vehicles/robots, monitoring, collecting position/location data, other Internet of Things (IoT) machine-type communication, etc.
Master Researcher Radio networks, Ericsson
Working together in projects like SIMS, with representatives from all parts of the mining eco-system and from leading
Image to the left: Data Transfer Demonstration using multiple cameras.
First 5G radio network in an operational underground mine
The SIMS project partners Boliden and Ericsson together with Telia have deployed the world’s first 5G network using New Radio (NR) in an operational underground mine – the Boliden Kankberg mine.
Productivity and safety requirements are very high in the mining industry. This customer configured network can function stand-alone, allowing mining operations to continue even if communication is disrupted to the mine.
- “We work actively with robotization to improve productivity and safety in the mine which requires future proof communication solutions. 5G is an important component enabling advanced automation and by that, a safer and more sustainable mine”, says Peter Burman, Program manager at Boliden.
5G technology is superior to other communication solutions for connectivity in demanding environments like mining and manufacturing where continuous operations and close monitoring of processes are required. With characteristics like very low response times and the option for local data handling, 5G is the best suited technology to meet the safety and efficiency requirements of the mine.
- “5G is designed to support industry automation and industrial IoT and will be a platform for innovation in industries”, says Magnus Frodigh, Head of Ericsson Research. “The Boliden underground mine is a great example of a sector with tough requirements that will benefit immediately. 5G will ensure connectivity for applications with high performance requirements.”
- “Industry 4.0 is becoming a reality. This is another good example of how 5G can be used to build networks adapted to the customer’s operations. To guarantee safety in the mine, for example, the network must function even if communications to the outside world is disrupted. Reliable communications can now be secured with the network we have built”, says Magnus Leonhardt, Head of Strategy and innovation at Telia.
The achievement builds on long-term collaboration between ecosystem partners; identifying requirements, including these in standardization and design, and demonstrating technology in a mining environment with key mining use-cases.
A foundation for digitalized, intelligent industry
Communication and positioning are essential parts of a digitalized, intelligent industry. Having real-time information about anything, anywhere available everywhere at all times takes knowledge and control of industry processes to the next level.
For digitalized mining to become reality, we need reliable, robust communication that can support the requirements of the next generation use-cases like connected sensors, remote-controlled machines, and support for a mix of very different service types in one, versatile network.
It’s also an important part of the picture to make information available in ways that are simple and convenient enough to be truly useful.
Part 2 – SIMS WP3 World’s first 5G NR in an operational underground mine
Part 3 – Remote-controlled mining machines over 5G enabled industrial communication network
Positioning data increases safety and saves a lot of time in the mines.
It has been great to showcase what can happened when different companies can join forces to meet the demand from the mines of the future. A successful venture showing the result as expected and more. We now have even more ideas on go from here!
Mass Localization. Finding RFID tags matter.
Traffic awerness increase security.
Generic Collection of Positioning Data enables future wonders.
From cold start to navigation makes the system fast to use.
Project Manager - IGW
SIMS has been a great commitment for us at IGW. It have been really fun to be able to contribute with technical expertise and infrastructure to make the mines an even safer workplace and to help people to find things in the mine.
This have been an exiting experience, both in terms of developing MMI (Mobilaris Mining Intelligence) and the opportunity to work close to IGW and all the inspiring partners within the SIMS consortium.


© 2008 OPNET Technologies, Inc.
Politécnico Superior. Universidad de Zaragoza
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF WIRELESS TRANSMISSIONS ON BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS
· A. Alesanco, “Design and evaluation of coding and transmission methods for electrocardiogram signals in real time telecardiology systems”, PhD Thesis, March 2007.
This thesis is devoted to provide new approaches and solutions suitable for real-time ECG coding, transmission and monitoring in a telecardiology application from a clinical point of view. It is structured in two main chapters: the rst one is dedicated to present and discuss the new approaches in real-time ECG signal compression and the second one presents proposals of new transmission protocols and its eects in the quality of the monitoring process depending on the characteristics of the communication network they have to face in the transmission.
· C. Hernández Ramos, A. Alesanco Iglesias, V. Abadía, J. García Moros. “The Effects of Wireless Channel Errors on the Quality of Real Time Ultrasound Video Transmission" .28th Annual International Conference IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS), New York City, USA, pp. 6457-60. Agosto. 2006.. Agosto. 2006.
In this paper the effect of the conditions of wireless channels on real time ultrasound video transmission is studied. In order to simulate the transmission through a wireless channel, the model of Gilbert-Elliot is used, and the influence of its parameters in transmitted video quality is evaluated. In addition, the efficiency of using both UDP and UDP-Lite as transport protocols has been studied. The effect of using different video compression rates for XviD codec is also analyzed. Based on the obtained results it is observed as the election of the video compression rate depends on the bit error rate (BER) of the channel, since the election of a high compression bit rate for video transmission through a channel with a high BER can degrade the video quality more than using a lower compression rate. On the other hand, it is observed that using UDP as transport protocol better results in all the studied cases are obtained.
· A. Alesanco Iglesias, R. Istepanian, J. García Moros. "Performance Study of Real-Time ECG Transmission in Wireless Networks" .The International Special Topic Conference on Information Technology in Biomedicine (ITAB 2006), Ioannina (Grecia)" . Octubre. 2006.
An ECG coding and transmission methodology for real-time telecardiology applications using wireless networks is presented. The ECG signal is segmented into blocks which are coded and packetized for transmission. The compression method is based on the wavelet transform (WT) and the use of Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) algorithm. Transmission simulations using TCP protocol through wireless channels with different characteristics are presented and discussed. Specific values for relevant parameters in the TCP protocol are proposed to enhance the quality of the communications.
Radio Resource Management in Cellular Broadband
This project proposal is placed within the intense research activity that, in the context of the development of broadband mobile cellular systems, both standardizing boards and research groups in public and private organizations are carrying out.
The project, focused on OFDMA-based systems, has the objective of developing efficient mechanisms to manage radio resources in the air interface, tackling the detailed study of each of them in a reference framework where the relation and coordination among all of these mechanisms are considered in a detailed and explicit way. Specifically, it is focused on the study, proposal, development and evaluation of Medium Access Control (MAC) structures and protocols, capable of providing QoS, and in the coordinated development of dynamic resource scheduling strategies among different users or among traffics of a single user, adaptive selection of modulation and coding, interference control, admission and congestion control, resource management under mobility (handover), that allow to satisfy the demanded requirements regarding quality, coverage and capacity, with the most efficient use of the available resources.
A differentiating aspect of the project is the special emphasis in the search of solutions that provide capacity for supporting multicast/broadcast multimedia services, as well as procedures of coverage and capacity extension, based on the support of the mulihop relay operation mode.
With an orientation towards the use of crosslayer approaches, a key aspect of the project is the explicit consideration of the impact of the architecture over the applicability of the proposals. In a reference framework where the traditional models of a hierarchical architecture are abandoned in order to bet on models with a flatter architecture, the project works on the refinement and the study of the implications of aspects such as the location, relation and coordination of the entities at a multicellular level, of the functions with impact of the resource management and, specifically, of the distribution architecture of the decision points of coordination among cells and of the measurement and distribution of the information that gives support to that coordination.
We are now studying mobility management (location and handover) and we are using OPNET as the simulation tool to evaluate its performance.
We are using OPNET for teaching in three subjects of the Telecommunications Engineering program in the Telematics Area of the Electronics Engineering and Communications Department in the University of Zaragoza (SPAIN).
The courses are the following.
Ángela Hernández Solana (email@example.com)
José Ramón Gállego Martínez (firstname.lastname@example.org)
This subject is a laboratory located in the fourth year of the telecommunications engineering degree. It is focused on the basis of IP networks and WAN interconnection through different technologies. The laboratory is divided into two parts (hardware and software-simulation). The simulation part consists of four different practices that we are developing with OPNET.
José Ramón Gállego Martínez (email@example.com)
Julián Fernández Navajas (firstname.lastname@example.org)
The rapid evolution of the networking industry introduces new exciting challenges that need to be explored by the student. The adoption of Internet as the global network infrastructure places the issue of quality of service among one of the hot topics nowadays: a huge diversity of applications with quite different service requirements must be supported over a basic core of protocols. OPNET is used as main tool to study this new exciting challenges and as laboratory research tool to discover the problems and possible solutions for next generation network design.
Key areas covered by the course are:
- Network Policy
- Quality of Service
- Real Time Applications
- Intelligent Networks
- Performance Evaluation
Antonio Valdovinos Bardají (email@example.com)
The aim of this subject is to show different wireless technologies for accesing networks. By means of OPNET, we have carried out some software-based practices in order to consolidate the student knowledge about GSM and GPRS technologies. We have based these practices on the GSM and GPRS contributed models published at OPNET web site.
OPNET Technologies, Inc. is a leading provider of solutions for managing networks and applications. OPNET's best-in-class solutions address application troubleshooting, application monitoring, network monitoring, network configuration management, capacity management, and network simulation. OPNET’s solutions have been operationally proven in thousands of customer environments worldwide, including corporate and government enterprises, government and defense agencies, network service providers, and network equipment manufacturers. For more information about OPNET and its products, visit www.opnet.com.


The initial Personal computer networks have been devoted Specific-objective units for instance SABRE (an airline reservation procedure) and AUTODIN I (a protection command-and-Handle procedure), both equally developed and carried out inside the late nineteen fifties and early nineteen sixties. With the early nineteen sixties Personal computer companies experienced begun to employ semiconductor technological innovation in professional items, and both equally traditional batch-processing and time-sharing units have been set up in several significant, technologically advanced organizations. Time-sharing units authorized a pc’s means to get shared in immediate succession with a number of consumers, cycling in the queue of consumers so quickly that the pc appeared committed to Each and every user’s tasks despite the existence of many Other folks accessing the procedure “at the same time.” This led to the notion of sharing Personal computer means (termed host desktops or simply hosts) about a complete network. Host-to-host interactions have been envisioned, in conjunction with access to specialised means (for instance supercomputers and mass storage units) and interactive entry by remote consumers to the computational powers of your time-sharing units Situated elsewhere. These Concepts have been initially recognized in ARPANET, which founded the initial host-to-host network link on Oct 29, 1969. It absolutely was produced from the State-of-the-art Investigate Projects Company (ARPA) from the U.S. Department of Protection. ARPANET was one of several initially normal-objective Personal computer networks. It linked time-sharing desktops at govt-supported investigation web-sites, principally universities in The usa, and it shortly became a crucial bit of infrastructure for the pc science investigation Neighborhood in The usa. Instruments and applications—like the straightforward mail transfer protocol (SMTP, generally known as e-mail), for sending limited messages, plus the file transfer protocol (FTP), for for a longer period transmissions—quickly emerged. So as to obtain Expense-effective interactive communications amongst desktops, which usually converse Briefly bursts of data, ARPANET employed The brand new technological innovation of packet switching. Packet switching will take significant messages (or chunks of Personal computer data) and breaks them into more compact, manageable items (referred to as packets) that will vacation independently about any out there circuit to the goal vacation spot, wherever the items are reassembled. So, compared with standard voice communications, packet switching doesn’t need a one devoted circuit amongst Each and every set of consumers. Industrial packet networks have been released inside the nineteen seventies, but these have been developed principally to offer economical access to remote desktops by devoted terminals. Briefly, they changed extensive-length modem connections by a lot less-highly-priced “virtual” circuits about packet networks. In The usa, Telenet and Tymnet have been two these kinds of packet networks. Neither supported host-to-host communications; inside the nineteen seventies this was still the province from the investigation networks, and it will continue being so for many years. DARPA (Protection State-of-the-art Investigate Projects Company; previously ARPA) supported initiatives for floor-based and satellite-based packet networks. The ground-based packet radio procedure provided cell access to computing means, even though the packet satellite network linked The usa with several European nations around the world and enabled connections with commonly dispersed and remote areas. With all the introduction of packet radio, connecting a cell terminal to a pc network became feasible. On the other hand, time-sharing units have been then still also significant, unwieldy, and expensive to get cell as well as to exist exterior a local climate-controlled computing surroundings. A solid determination As a result existed to attach the packet radio network to ARPANET in order to make it possible for cell consumers with straightforward terminals to entry enough time-sharing units for which they had authorization. Similarly, the packet satellite network was utilized by DARPA to hyperlink The usa with satellite terminals serving the United Kingdom, Norway, Germany, and Italy. These terminals, having said that, needed to be connected to other networks in European nations around the world in order to get to the finish consumers. So arose the need to link the packet satellite Internet, as well as the packet radio Internet, with other networks. Foundation of the online world The Internet resulted from the hassle to attach many investigation networks in The usa and Europe. Initially, DARPA founded a program to research the interconnection of “heterogeneous networks.” This program, termed Internetting, was determined by the recently released idea of open architecture networking, through which networks with outlined typical interfaces might be interconnected by “gateways.” A Doing work demonstration from the idea was prepared. To ensure that the idea to work, a whole new protocol needed to be developed and produced; in truth, a procedure architecture was also necessary. In 1974 Vinton Cerf, then at Stanford College in California, and this writer, then at DARPA, collaborated over a paper that initially explained this kind of protocol and procedure architecture—specifically, the transmission Handle protocol (TCP), which enabled different types of devices on networks all around the environment to route and assemble data packets. TCP, which at first included the online world protocol (IP), a global addressing system that authorized routers to get data packets to their top vacation spot, shaped the TCP/IP typical, which was adopted from the U.S. Department of Protection in 1980. With the early eighties the “open architecture” from the TCP/IP method was adopted and endorsed by many other scientists and finally by technologists and businessmen around the world. With the eighties other U.S. governmental bodies have been heavily involved with networking, such as the Nationwide Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Vitality, plus the Nationwide Aeronautics and Area Administration (NASA). Whilst DARPA experienced performed a seminal role in making a smaller-scale version of the online world between its scientists, NSF labored with DARPA to grow access to all the scientific and tutorial Neighborhood and to create TCP/IP the typical in all federally supported investigation networks. In 1985–86 NSF funded the initial five supercomputing centres—at Princeton College, the College of Pittsburgh, the College of California, San Diego, the College of Illinois, and Cornell College. During the eighties NSF also funded the event and Procedure from the NSFNET, a national “spine” network to attach these centres. With the late eighties the network was working at an incredible number of bits for every second. NSF also funded many nonprofit nearby and regional networks to attach other consumers to the NSFNET. Some professional networks also started inside the late eighties; these have been shortly joined by Other folks, plus the Industrial Web Trade (CIX) was shaped to allow transit visitors amongst professional networks that normally wouldn’t have been authorized over the NSFNET spine. In 1995, after intensive review of the specific situation, NSF made the decision that assistance from the NSFNET infrastructure was now not necessary, considering that a lot of professional providers have been now keen and capable to satisfy the needs from the investigation Neighborhood, and its assistance was withdrawn. In the meantime, NSF experienced fostered a aggressive collection of commercial Web backbones connected to one another by way of so-termed network entry factors (NAPs).


What is teleradiogy?
Teleradiology is a branch of telemedicine in which electronic transmission of radiological patient images, such as X-rays, computed tomography images, and magnetic resonance images, takes place. A basic teleradiology system consists of three major components: an image-sending station, a transmission network, and a receiving/image review station. In addition to its vast application in medical fields, teleradiology can also be useful for training new radiologists, assisting and training radiologists in developing countries, diagnosing injured soldiers on or near the battlefield, performing radiological procedures in space, etc.
Usually two servers or computers are connected via Internet. The computer at the receiving end will need high resolution monitors and preferably voice recognition software that has been tested and cleared for clinical purposes.
The images at the sending station are scanned and then sent via the network connection to the receiving computer.
The radiologist at the receiving station views the images and after proper interpretation dictates the report over the voice recognition software via a Dictaphone. The report thus generated is then sent back to scanning center over the internet.
What is DICOM ?
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is a standard for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging. It includes a file format definition and a network communications protocol. The communication protocol is an application protocol that uses TCP/IP to communicate between systems. DICOM files can be exchanged between two entities that are capable of receiving image and patient data in DICOM format.
DICOM enables the integration of scanners, servers, workstations, printers, and network hardware from multiple manufacturers into a picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The different devices come with DICOM conformance statements which clearly state the DICOM classes they support.
What would be the turnaround time for reads?
The normal turnaround time would be 6-8hours. However for emergent cases we can provide a full report within 20 minutes if needed. We function 365 days a year and 24 hours a day and pledge exceptional quality assurance
What would be the cost of the services?
Normally we charge per case and our rates are very competitive. Alternatively, we can discuss a package based on the average monthly flow of work at your clinic and arrive at a fixed package regardless of the number and timing of your studies. The reporting turnaround times shall not be affected and it would definitely prove to be more economical for you.
Are the radiologist well trained?
Telerad India Affiliated Radiologists are trained at some of the nation's top medical schools and institutions. Each has developed a specialization in emergency radiology diagnostics, and they provide the patients they evaluate with the highest quality care available.
How do we get started?
You can contact us on either telephone or by email. The package that is best suited for your establishment can be worked out. We already possess the latest PACS software and the same can be set up at your end. We possess the required software and our server is fully encrypted and fire walled to ensure complete confidentiality of the data. We have the services of multiple high speed internet lines which are open round the clock to ensure full time connectivity.


Descripcion del Producto:
ENLGA-1320 Ethernet PCI Adapter Card
# Provides networking speed up to 1000Mbps
# Provides compatibility with 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T standards
# Supports Full- and Half-Duplex modes
# The ENLGA-1320 Ethernet PCI Adapter Card supports 32-bit PCI (and 64-bit) Bus (in master mode expansion slot) for optimum performance
# Features NWay auto-negotiation, Full/Half duplex mode detection and plug-and-play installation
# The ENLGA-1320 Ethernet PCI Adapter can move large files with ease
Encore Gigabit Ethernet PCI Adapter Card provides a networking speed of up to 1000Mbps and facilitates a smooth migration from Ethernet to Gigabit Ethernet. Fully compatible with 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T standard, ENLGA-1320 has one RJ-45 port to connect to a hub, switch or a router. It provides excellent network connectivity and is fully compatible with a 32-bit PCI local Bus. The Ethernet PCI Adapter Card features auto-negotiation, Full/Half duplex mode detection, plug-and-play installation and diagnostic LED.
Install ENLGA-1320 in your computer equipped with PCI expansion slots; and your computer instantly becomes a high-bandwidth graphic or multimedia workstation. You can easily get the adapter running by using its plug-and-play installation. With its 32-bit bus master, this achieves high throughput and low CPU utilization. Use the Encore Gigabit Ethernet PCI Adapter Card to achieve the latest in computing style such as online gaming, office resource sharing, downloading large multimedia files and Internet surfing.
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Standard: IEEE 802.3 for 10Base-T IEEE 802.3u for 100Base-TX
IEEE 802.3ab for 1000Base-T.
IEEE 802.3x for Full-Duplex & Flow Control.
Ports: One 10/100/1000Mbps Rj-45 ports supports Auto MDI/MDI-X
Interface: Supports 32-Bit PCI v2.2
Emission: FCC Class B, CE
Rich LED indicators: 10/100/1000Mbps; Activity, Link LEDs
Product Dimensions: 124 x 120 x 19 mm (Length x Width x Height)
A T E N C I O N!
La disponibilidad de los productos está sujeta a Stock. Los precios indicados tienen el IVA incluido y pueden variar sin previo aviso. No se incluye envio.


Basics In Networking Pdf
Basic Networking Concepts-Beginners Guide
Each computer on a network would be connected to a hub via an Ethernet cable. Solid information, clear, concise, well written.
Ethernet and Wi-Fi are Data link protocols that are responsible for framing data on the media cable or wireless. Hubs are starting to become extinct, but I want to talk about them any way because it will make it easier to explain switches later on. You might be wondering why we need to have two different numbers to identify something. Baseband uses separate wires for sending and receiving data.
If the addresses match then the computer knows that it is the intended recipient, otherwise it ignores the data. This article will be the first in a series targeted toward novices.
Computers have addresses just like houses. An example of how a hub works is shown below.
So our letter will go through lots of places before it reaches her. Every computer plugs into the hub multiple hubs can be daisy chained together if necessary in order to accommodate more computers. Firewall A function typically performed by routers, this filters traffic between networks and can protect them from interference or attacks.
The Web is the information on the Internet. It's too simplistic to view a computer network as simply delivering packets among a collection of computers, however.
Printed with permission from Morgan Kaufmann, a division of Elsevier. The problem is that any computer can send a transmission at any given time. The World Wide Web isn't the only way we can access the Internet. How the nodes on a network communicate with each other can be very different to how they are physically interconnected. The first piece of hardware that I want to discuss is a network adapter.
Networking Basics Part 1 - Networking Hardware
Networks can be wired or wireless with most networks being a mixture of both. We'll send you an email containing your password. The postal building controls messages that travel between the Internet and the street, keeping track of messages that leave the street, and directs return messages to the right house. This eliminates the unnecessary repetition of the hub.
The secret lies in the network card. Modern Ethernet networks use twisted pair cabling containing eight wires.
Those computers can send other messages at the same time without interfering. Learn about Wireless after this guide.
Your e-mail, chat, and file-sharing programs are also ways you can access the Internet. What technologies do they use? This is why switches have almost completely replaced hubs. Each of these topologies has advantages and disadvantages this Network topologies article has a really good overview of each topology along with advantages and disadvantages. Firewall and Protect They can filter messages or keep users out of private networks.
In the past, all of the articles that I have written for this Web site have been intended for use by administrators with at least some level of experience. The most basic requirements for a network are that they must provide general, cost-effective, fair and robust connectivity among a large number of computers. For now, this is what you need to know about the not so magic of the Internet. In contrast, Ethernet uses Baseband communications.
Today computer networks are everywhere. It is physically similar to phone cables, but can transport much more data. But there isn't any magic involved.
Recently though, there have been requests for articles targeted toward those who are just getting started with networking and that have absolutely no experience at all. Setting Up and building a Home Network will introduce some basic networking component and show you how to build a home network and connect it to the Internet. This module is intended to provide some helpful background on networking. The server holds that page, and sends it out when requested.
This subject is important in any business and organization and lots of us don't know much. No node has any special role.
You'd put your address on the letter and send it. By the end of this module, you will know how the Internet works and recognize both the positive and negative impacts the Internet has had on the world. Start with business goals and technology requirements.
In this article series, I will start with the absolute basics, and work toward building a functional network. Introduction This document covers the basics of how networking works, rental invoice pdf and how to use different devices to build networks. Understanding the basics of how networks are put together is an important step in building a wireless network in a community or neighborhood.
Pretty much the only type of wired network used by small and medium sized businesses is Ethernet. This is the same thing that happens on this type of network. You will find them in homes, offices, factories, hospitals leisure centres etc.
Gary Take your point I forgot that that the updated time only appears on posts and not pages. John Tks for pointing that out. As you can see, when computers are connected via a hub, every packet gets sent to every computer on the network. In this day and age of high speed Internet access being almost universally available, you tend to hear the term broadband thrown around a lot. Please check the box if you want to proceed.
You forgot to provide an Email Address. An important relationship on networks is that of the server and the client. We recommend reading the upcoming but not finished!
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Behind every action game bullet and every strategic movement a server is using electrial power. In this post I will tell you a bit about the use of power switching on the backbone network.
Here is the picture of the power used by the backbone network. All servers is connected to dual power supplies in the servers. This is for safety use, if the normal powers drops it will switch over to the backup power. We have two power feeds.
This is the power consumption in the morning Central European Time. In the morning there are lots of players and more players give more power use by the servers.
These are of course not all servers in the network as we have servers in hosting centres all over the world. The action servers start and stop as needed and they do not use nearly as much power as the backbone network.
It is possible to power down servers from the remote console and restart them again, even delayed start/restart – ff you for example want to start-up one or more servers at a specified time. This also allows us to handle these issues ourselves without needing to talk to the Hosting Center’s support team, to make them power cycle servers if needed. This gives us the freedom to better control the power use and general setup as if the servers were situated in-house at Reto-Moto HQ.
In Denmark we have high prices on electric power, and when we are using the same amount of power as one normal household (with two adults and two kids living at home), just for the backbone it pays to be a bit careful with where we place servers and how we use them.
If we count all the servers used by the backbone system, including web, database, proxies, fall-over and the backbone servers we use about the same power as two average private houses.
We have action servers all over the world and the power cost is not the same in the different countries. Therefore we can not use the same price rates for the calculation of power consumption, but it is a factor worth considering when deciding on where to locate servers.
The hosting centres have dual power connected to the servers racks, to make sure we are on-line all the time, even if some hosting centres lose their power from their power deliver company. This give the power uptime about 99.9% or in English about 10 minutes power loss pr. year.