I am getting ready to teach my second graders about input/output tables. Yes, in second grade! This is a new standard for us. A standard I have not taught before. I have been racking my brain all weekend trying to figure out how to teach this concept in a way that relates to the lives of my second graders.
While reading the Teaching Addition and Subtraction Using Contextual Problems section in John A. Van de Walle & LouAnn H. Lovin's book Teaching Student-Centered Mathematics Grades K-3 I had an AHA! moment. I LOVE those! The authors tell us that in the United States we don't tend to go deep enough with math problem solving. That we have a tendency to have students solve a lot of problems in a single class period and the focus of most lessons is to get answers right (pg. 71). They suggest however, that if we want our students to construct a rich understanding of subtraction and addition (or any other operation/concept you might be teaching) we should focus more attention on having students solve one or two problems and then give more time to classroom discussions on the "how" and the "why" rather than simply looking to see if the answer is right. This sounds A LOT, I MEAN EXACTLY, like what the new Common Core State Standards are asking us to do.
After digesting this section of text and thinking about what we are doing in the classroom right now I realized that we had the perfect context for some contextual story problems using addition, patterning and input/output tables.
Currently my second graders are working on a biography research project and are planning to construct a wax museum of historical figures in our gym on Thursday. We have invited our families and they have returned RSVP's with the number of guests who plan to attend. We are also planning to serve our guests cookies and punch to celebrate afterwards.
My plan is to give students the numbers of family guests who plan to attend. I will ask them to work with a partner to figure out how many guests will be attending using the Math Buddy Chat system developed by Laura Candler. After students solve the problem we will look at the different strategies students used and compare our answers.
On Tuesday I will ask students to help me figure out how many cookies we will need to have if we are planning to have enough cookies for each guest to have two cookies each. This is where the idea for the input/output table came into play for me. I will pose the problem to students and have them come up with a plan for solving the problem with their partners. Afterwards we will analyze the problem solving strategies students used. I will guide students towards understanding how they could put this information into a table format to help them see the information more easily. We will then name this strategy (make a table) and the type of table that we created (which of course will be the input/output table).
As I am typing this I am thinking of how we can continue problem solving within this context throughout the week. For example, how many packages of cookies would we need to purchase if 10 cookies came in each package? How much would this cost if each package cost $1.50? Etc.
I am excited to try this with my students and see how this goes as an introduction to input/output tables. I will post the results soon!


This bar code number lets you verify that youre getting exactly the right version or edition of a book the 13 digit and 10 digit formats both work scan an isbn with your phone use the amazon app to scan isbns and compare prices. Holt mcdougal geometry teachers edition 9780547646992 teachers editions and solutions manuals. Geometry teachers edition common core edition by ron larson author laurie boswell author timothy d kanold author 43 out of 5 stars 142 customer reviews. Holt mcdougal geometry teachers edition common core edition by david j see more like this holt mcdougal larson geometry california teachers edition 2007 hardcover vg . 9780547646992 holt mcdougal geometry teachers edition common core edition by edward b burger david j chard paul a kennedy steven j leinwand freddie l renfro tom w roby da
How it works:
1. Register Trial Account.
2. Download The Books as you like ( Personal use )


Understanding the Challenges of Math Education
Mathematics is a subject that many students find challenging, and Las Vegas is no exception. With its diverse student population and varying educational backgrounds, math education can be particularly difficult to navigate in the city. From struggling with basic arithmetic to grappling with complex algebraic equations, students in Las Vegas face a wide range of math-related challenges.
Personalized Tutoring Approach
One effective tutoring strategy is to take a personalized approach. Every student has unique strengths, weaknesses, and learning styles. By identifying these individual traits, tutors can tailor their teaching methods to meet the specific needs of each student. This approach helps to build a strong foundation in math and ensures that students receive the support they need to succeed.
Utilizing Real-World Examples
Mathematics can sometimes feel abstract and disconnected from real life. To overcome this perception, tutors in Las Vegas can incorporate real-world examples into their lesson plans. By demonstrating how math is applicable in everyday situations, tutors can help students develop a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts. Whether it’s calculating the cost of groceries or interpreting data from sports statistics, real-world examples make math more relatable and engaging.
Interactive Learning and Problem-Solving
Traditionally, math education has been focused on rote memorization and repetitive practice. However, this approach often fails to instill a true understanding of mathematical principles. To foster a deeper level of comprehension, tutors in Las Vegas can promote interactive learning and problem-solving. By encouraging students to actively engage with the material and think critically, tutors can help them develop essential problem-solving skills that extend beyond the realm of math.
Building Confidence and Motivation
Many students in Las Vegas struggle with math due to a lack of confidence and motivation. These psychological barriers can hinder their ability to grasp new concepts and perform well in exams. Tutors can play a crucial role in building students’ confidence and motivation by providing positive reinforcement, creating a supportive learning environment, and setting achievable goals. By fostering a growth mindset and celebrating incremental progress, tutors can help students develop a strong belief in their own abilities.
Tutoring strategies can greatly enhance math education in Las Vegas. By adopting a personalized approach, incorporating real-world examples, promoting interactive learning, and building confidence and motivation, tutors can make math more accessible and enjoyable for students. With the right support and guidance, students in Las Vegas can overcome their math-related challenges and develop a strong foundation in mathematics that will benefit them throughout their academic and professional lives. Want to immerse yourself further in the topic? Check out this external resource we’ve prepared for you, offering supplementary and pertinent details to broaden your comprehension of the subject. Best Private Tutor in Las Vegas, keep learning!
Learn about other aspects of the topic in the related links we’ve gathered. Enjoy:


1. Whole Numbers
4. Numeric Patterns
5. Geometric Patterns
6. Functions and Relationships
7. Algebraic Expressions
8. Algebraic Equations
9. Geometry of 2-
10. Geometry of Straight Lines
12. Theorem of Pythagoras
13. Area and Perimeter of 2-
14. Surface Area and Volume of 3-
15. Patterns, Functions and Algebra
16. Transformation Geometry
17. Geometry of 3-
18. Data Handling
You do yourself NO favours by looking at answers before tackling a question, even if you are struggling with it. Rather refer to the theory again and answer the question.
Answers are provided as a means of checking the correctness of your work.
Kim de Beer: 033 329 1000
Fax: 011 604 1 604
Copyright: Exam Fever. All rights reserved.
E & O E
Life Sciences 12 (Biological terms)
Life Sciences 11 (Biological terms)
Life Sciences 10 (Biological terms)
(Above also available in Afrikaans)
Maths 7, 8 and 9 (Aspects of Geometry)
The 5th Platonic is an extremely difficult one to assemble (not included).


At Linden Road Academy, we strive to create a love and passion for maths. Our curriculum is carefully planned to ensure coverage is balanced, structured and allows for deep learning. We use White Rose as our curriculum spine, and supplement this with additional resources if we feel necessary. Our lessons are planned through five main domains: Variation, Fluency, Mathematical Thinking, Representation and Coherency. We use pedagogy developed in Shanghai to structure our ‘small steps’ lesson design. We believe that by working alongside pupils, teaching staff are able to guide pupils through ‘small steps’ of structured progress within a lesson. Whole class teaching is carefully differentiated through targeted questioning and different levels of support structures. Pupils will often work reciprocally, enhancing their reasoning skills as they support their peers.
All maths lessons explore elements of reasoning and problem solving, which provide fantastic opportunities for our pupils to use their Growth Mindset and resilience skills. Teachers model and encourage verbal reasoning with peers and pupils evaluate mathematical strategies debate their efficiency.
Fluency skills are developed through arithmetic sessions at the beginning of maths lessons over the course of a week. We have adopted pedagogy developed by Ron Berger in ‘Leaders of Our Own Learning’ by asking pupils to track their own arithmetic progress and subsequently, set themselves aspirational goals. Our pupils work together to close their gaps in arithmetic progress, learning from their peers in order to succeed.
To complement our fluency skills, pupils also engage in RRR (Recap, Remember, Retain) which allows for opportunity to revisit prior learning, and thus, commit learning into long-term memory. SumDog is used across school to improve the fluency of Timestables.
Within our Topics, we aim to expose pupils to mutli-skill maths challenges – pedagogy recommended by pedagogy by Chris Quigley. Pupils are immersed into a topic-themed mathematical challenge, which requires them to draw upon many skills in order to succeed.
Please see below our Maths Curriculum:


Middle School 7th Grade math teachers, Hallee Harrison and Ellen Anne Yanik worked together with Instructional Coach Jill Santee to secure a Power Teaching Math grant from the Southeast Iowa Regional STEM Advisory Board of the Iowa Governor's STEM Advisory Council.
Power Teaching Math is an instructional approach that links Common Core, state standards and school curriculum to research-proven instructional strategies and classroom resources, promoting rigor and student engagement. The teachers are excited to co-teach by combining classes and allowing the students and teachers to gain the most from the on-site coaching, real life application and team work that comes with this opportunity.
Ellen Anne and Hallee will be gaining some strong professional learning and new ways to teach through the Power Teaching Math Outcomes:
Rigorous lesson materials that help each student think like a mathematician.
Routines, rubrics and structures to guide powerful discussions and teamwork.
Instruction that helps students learn to think flexibly, articulate solutions and use mathematical practices to master objectives.
Professional development for teachers, including online resources.
Interactive whiteboard compatibility.
Online data tools and analysis.
Alignment with 21st century standards.


Subscribe to our
Math & Science Apphirmations
- Are you struggling with Maths and Science?
- Does your inability to maths and science inhibit your future opportunities?
- Would you like to do well in these subjects?
Our ability to do maths and science is directly linked to our beliefs about these subjects. These Apphirmations replace the self-sabotaging beliefs about maths and science with supportive ones. We have seen significant increases in marks.
Why do so many children struggle with maths and science?
What can we do about making it easier for them to learn maths and science?
Why are children struggling with maths and science?
After speaking to maths and science teachers and also reading a number of articles, I have seen there are three major causes. This doesn’t imply that there could be more. We are only addressing the three.
- Beliefs children have about maths and science and their abilities to do those subjects.
- Children are lacking a proper foundation of the maths and science basics. Children are moving from one grade to another without a proper understanding of maths and science, because teachers don’t have the time to ensure that all children understand what has been taught. Gaps in the foundation, cause bigger problems in the higher grades.
- The child has general concentration issues and/or learning problems.
Beliefs play a huge role in how we create our lives. Our choices and actions are triggered by them. When children have beliefs like, maths and science are hard and/or boring, they are not going to put in much effort into those subjects.
If on the other hand, they believe they can do it and the subjects are interesting, they will learn easier.
We, at The Life You Want have now created specialised Apphirmations to help kids change their beliefs about maths and science, so that they can grasp maths and science quicker and easier. They can listen to the Apphirmations subliminally, combined with music of their choice, in order to reprogram the subconscious beliefs.
2. Brain Gym®
When teachers learn how to do Brain Gym exercises with the children daily, we have seen that marks go up 10% and more. When teachers and/or parents learn the Neuro Integration Movements, they have a great tool kit, to reduce stress, improve concentration and increase the joy of learning.
3. Solutions for General Concentration Issues
If a learner has general concentration problems like ADD/ADHD, dislexia or something else, we do have serveral possible solutions. This will require a multi facetted approach in order to find a permanent drug-free solution. You can read about those on our ADD/ADHD page.
4. Bonus Visualisations
When we can envision success, we can achieve it. With this Maths & Science set, you now also receive two bonus visualisations. If we can believe we can learn easily, we will enjoy it more. When we trust ourselves during exams, we are less likely to go blank. Now we can put even during exams on paper, what we have learnt.
– One Visualisation is for effective learning.
– The other one is for being successful during the exams.
Rita had played the Maths & Science Apphirmations audibly from her phone in the classroom. This is what she had to say.
IT WAS A WOW DAY !!!
The kids were definitely more relaxed, focused and successful!!They understood the work easily!! MATHS. They were very focused with their English writing work too. I also was very peaceful. Relaxed. Feeling happy.
I played it on cellphone. Normal volume as TV is on .. Not turning it down. We worked with focus.
One girl sometimes when she feel unhappy ignored me…. Today this happened again after break time. (I CAME in with photos the kids ordered and paid.) … SHE IGNORED ME!!! While busy doing a lesson…
When I realized I put the app on again and go on with my signing it really calms me down…
And she join in… Later she asked if she can bring photo money I realized that that makes her act that way (she didn’t ordered a photo)
So it really works for me!!
And I believe for her too!!
I just use PACE with a performance.. It made them more relaxed me too But I think with Apphirmations they were more focused.
The amazing part of the story is that there children in class were DEAF!
Rita Meintjies – Special Needs Teacher
My children listened to the Maths and Science Apphirmations on their way to school each day for 2-3 weeks.
My daughter’s maths mark went from 30% to 58%. This is an 93% improvement. Her best in 2 years. She said that when she looked at the paper she could have gotten 67%. because she rushed through one section. Despite knowing the answers, she only gave part of the answer.
My son is saying that he finds now that division is simple.
I think my eldest daughter will also get a Natural Science and Geography award this year. Her mark has been the highest so far.
My son listened to the maths and Science Apphirmations. He had to write a 4-hour admission test to get into the school of his choice. When he came back from his assessment he said that some questions (maths) he had problems before, he could solve much better. He was successful with his admission test and could enroll in the school of his choice.
Within a week of listening the Maths and Science Apphirmations, her all attitude towards Maths changed. When she wrote her next test, she had 50%.
She hasn’t had a mark like that in years.
Listening to the Apphirmations for all ages
Especially youngsters like to listen to music. You can play OUR Apphirmations with music of YOUR choice on your computer!
This will also help prevent children from falling behind in maths in science, especially during the foundation phase.
Going for extra lessons, or getting a tutor will also assist greately.
You can order the Maths and Science Apphirmations from the Apphirmations Store.
If you have any problems with buying them from the website, please send us an email at firstname.lastname@example.org.
We also have created an Optimal Learning Set for improving concentration and learning in general and improving our memory.


Select the cell where the function will be placed and click the Function Wizard button on the standard. For a given design and dataset in the format of the linked example, the commands will work for any number of factor levels and observations per level. (e-mail: [email protected]
Discriminant Analysis with More than Two Groups. Observation: Although the analysis in Figure 2 and 3 was produced automatically by Excel's data analysis tool, the same result can be produced using Excel formulas, just as we were able to do for Example 1 of Two Factor ANOVA without Replication. Comparison of Two Means In many cases, a researcher is interesting in gathering information about two populations in order to compare them. For example, consider an experiment with 3 parameters and 3 levels of each parameter (P = 3 and L = 3), as discussed in a previous learning module. How can effect sizes be interpreted? One feature of an effect size is that it can be directly converted into statements about the overlap between the two samples in terms of a comparison of percentiles. Factors X1 = Car Type X2 = Launch Height X3 = Track Configuration • The data is this analysis was taken from Team #4 Training from 3/10/2003. Welcome to the official corporate site for the world's largest aerospace company and leading manufacturer of commercial jetliners and defense, space and security systems. Each factor like altitude above sea level, air temperature, humidity, and even barometric pressure due to local weather systems can have significant effect on local air density. The cost of the experiment increases as the number of factors increases. US stronger. 12 October 2016: The Apache OpenOffice project announces the official release of version 4. io (formerly Diagramly) is free online diagram software. Choose from award-winning books and new releases. Katherine Muto-Nelson 13,793 views. choose(),header=TRUE) Each of the loaded data sets is an object in R called a data frame, which is like a matrix where each row is a case and each column is a variable. His company wrote the Solver used in Excel. Many of these runs are used to evaluate. Compute the test statistic. ReliaSoft's Experiment Design and Analysis Reference: Chapter Index: DOE Overview; Statistical Background on DOE; Simple Linear Regression Analysis; Multiple Linear Regression Analysis; One Factor Designs; General Full Factorial Designs; Randomization and Blocking in DOE; Two Level Factorial Experiments; Highly Fractional Factorial Designs. Minitab helps companies and institutions to spot trends, solve problems and discover valuable insights in data by delivering a comprehensive and best-in-class suite of machine learning, statistical analysis and process improvement tools. 5 mg/L and the standard deviation of the sample of twelve observations is 2. There are two versions of the Two-Way ANOVA. Note: When you open Word next time, the default zoom level should be different. When the normal distribution applies and u c is a reliable estimate of the standard deviation of y, U = 2 u c (i. Linear contrasts is a method used to test any two levels or combinations of two levels against each other. The Last Year to This Year formula copies sales data from the previous year to the next year. If X is the first factor at the current production level, Y is the second factor at the current production level - evaluate the quality of the output at all different combinations of X & Y including the D. Calculation of Beta Using Excel. For instance, in Fig. App Annie is the standard in app analytics and app market data, giving you one easy-to-use platform for running every stage of your app business. Table 6 shows the analysis of a study described by Franklin and Cooley investigating three factors on the strength of industrial fans: (1) Hole Shape (Hex or Round), (2) Assembly Method (Staked or Spun), and (3) Barrel Surface (Knurled or Smooth). Usually, this exposure is limited to linear regression, polynomial regression and perhaps exponential regression using least squares. See for yourself why shoppers love our selection and award-winning customer service. Check out this awesome Excel Dashboard course if you’re interested in using Excel for reporting. Preface This book is intended as required reading material for my course, Experimen-tal Design for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, a second level statistics course. The steps below are used to setup the experimental design template so that the results can be entered. The 9 treatment combinations for this type of design can be shown pictorially as follows: FIGURE 3. More: DOE - Variance Component Designs. Seismic Design Specification for Buildings, Structures, Equipment, and Systems: 2016. You will be able to enter data for up to 3. Analysis of 3k designs using ANOVA • We consider a simpliﬁed version of the seat-belt experiment as a 33 full factorial experiment with factors A,B,C. Over 2 billion things that need to be identified, verified and tracked are connected through HID Global’s technology. Step 2: Square both standard deviations to get the variances. For example, if you selected L36 2^3 x 3^13 as the Design Type, you could specify up to three two-level factors and up to thirteen three-level factors. • In a factorial design, all possible combinations of the levels of the factors are investigated in each replication. Conduct a mixed-factorial ANOVA. c 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. The 10,000 hour number just gives you a sense that we're talking years of 10 to 20 hours a week which those who some people would argue are the most innately talented individuals still need to get to the highest level. , k = 2) defines an interval having a level of confidence of approximately 95 %, and U = 3 u c (i. For example, the following is a matrix: X = 5 8 2 − 1 0 7. I like the simplicity of 2-level, fractional factorial designs for screening what factors and interactions. Florida's School Public Accountability Reports have been generated to comply with federal legislation that requires annual report cards on the educational progress of schools, school districts, and the state. Contrasts 8-16 5. Example datasets can be copy-pasted into. Cells(1, 3). Of graduate work - 17. I have a small number 1 & 2 in the top left corner of my worksheet below the toolbars and above the Column headers, does anyone know what they are and how i can remove them? I have an image to email if necessary to view. Upgrade to get the best of LastPass with flexible sharing and emergency access. Spot trends, solve problems & discover valuable insights with Minitab' s comprehensive suite of statistical, data analysis and process improvement tools. If you'd like to see how we perform the calculation, view the page source. How to Perform a Design of Experiments in Excel. Finance, Y 1 Marketing, Y 2 Policy, Y 3 1 3 6 5 2 7 3 3 3 10 9 8 4 3 9 7 5 10 6 5 °cPeter. From Number of replicates for corner points, select 3. t-Test for the Significance of the Difference between the Means of Two Independent Samples This is probably the most widely used statistical test of all time, and certainly the most widely known. A common problem that experimenters face is the choice of fractional fac-torial designs. 1 Example: Method 3: Last Year to This Year. > tm2 = gl(k2, n*k1, n*k1*k2, factor(f2)) > tm2. Stock to Sales Ratio (SSR) is the most appropriate method for high level, top down inventory plans and other inventory plans that do not contain the week level of time. Let Overstock. TEP is partnering with Civano Nursery and other local nurseries to help homeowners, schools, neighborhoods and community groups plant shade trees to save energy and cool and beautify our community. Build more meaningful and lasting relationships and connect with your customers across sales, customer service, marketing, communities, apps, analytics, and more using our Customer Success Platform. FrF2) based on catalogues of non-isomorphic designs blocking, split-plot, hard-to-change factor levels estimable 2-factor interactions not yet: augmentation by foldover or star points intended not yet: designs with 2- and 4-level factors. Whether you're just learning how to create spreadsheets or need to perform advanced data analysis with functions, formulas, and charts, these courses will help you unlock the maximum potential of this popular data-analysis program. Factoring is also the opposite of Expanding:. Factors Max. Sometimes we depict a factorial design with a numbering notation. Doctorate* - 20. 7 and b = 0. Find helpful math lessons, games, calculators, and more. Welcome to National Preparedness. 0 to perform a two factor, between- subjects analysis of variance and related post-hoc tests. But to do the job properly we need the highest common factor, including any variables. These dictionaries continue to grow and improve as well. This is fine for fitting a linear, straight line relationship. It is simple, straightforward, easy to use, and adaptable to a broad range of situations. The critical value is 3. By default, the FACTEX procedure assumes that the size of the design is a full factorial and that each factor has only two levels. This Excel tutorial explains how to nest the Excel IF function with syntax and examples. Comparison of Two Means In many cases, a researcher is interesting in gathering information about two populations in order to compare them. 9, page 316 DOE and Optimization. Computationally, it is defined as the reciprocal of tolerance: 1 / (1 - R 2). The combination that produces the highest quality is the new center point and repeat EVOP for the next cycle of continuous improvement. 2005 PPP conversion factor, private consumption (LCU per international $) CSV XML EXCEL. Many project websites link to this document in their sections on how to get help. 2) to be similar to the best estimate 16-run DOE (Figure 3. Typically, k is in the range 2 to 3. males will be the second level of the ANOVA factor sex. We advance fundamental research in nuclear and particle physics to gain a deeper understanding of matter, energy, space, and time; apply photon sciences and nanomaterials research to energy challenges of critical importance to the nation; and perform cross-disciplinary research on computation, sustainable energy, national security, and Earth’s ecosystems. By the way, the documents you created before shall remain in the original default level. Learn, teach, and study with Course Hero. When two-level fractional factorial designs are used,. These statements invoke the FACTEX procedure, list factor names, and display the generated design points. psychotherapy. DOE enables operators to evaluate the changes occurring in the output (Y Response,) of a process while changing one or more inputs (X Factors). 0 (low importance) to 1. Under Number of Levels, enter 3 for each factor. Variance Component (hierarchical) designs are used to study the effect of two or more nested factors on the variability of a response. This, the observed F-value, is then compared against a critical F-value, F(a, v 1, v 2), where a is 1 - the level of significance we are interested in, and v 1 and v 2 are as calculated below. 3) Click on the blue "GO" button. 1 Example: Method 3: Last Year to This Year. 1 of Black Belt Training. Cheers Red. No Prep PDF Worksheets and everything a teacher needs to help kids learn. If you are given variances to compare, go to Step 3. This tutorial will show you how to use SPSS version 12. In each block, a certain number of factors are put through all combinations for the factorial design, while the other factors are kept at the central values. of Black Belt Training. Step 3: Take the largest variance, and divide it by the smallest variance to get the f-value. Apache OpenOffice 4. A person’s activity level, physical condition, gender, and age are a few factors that will influence the air intake rate. Why Use Excel Charts? Excel sheets are meant to talk about numbers and figures. The second ( X 2 ) column starts with -1 repeated twice, then alternates with 2 in a row of the opposite sign until all 2 k places are filled. An example of a central composite design with axial points is also shown below. This is the coding most familiar to. Design of Experiments † 1. Here is one Example of a D-Optimal 3 Factors on 3 Level in 15 runs with simulated data's. 80665 = 735,5 N on the sea. where N is the population size, r is the fraction of responses that you are interested in, and Z(c/100) is the critical value for the confidence level c. How Many trials in a Full Factorial Design? Found by taking the number of levels as the base and the number of factors as the exponent: Ex1. For purposes of learning, using, or teaching design of experiments (DOE), one can argue that an eight run array is the most practical and universally applicable array that can be chosen. The terms AB and AAi (i =1, 2 or 3) represent the interaction and quadratic terms, respectively. As a reminder, a factor is just any categorical independent variable. Paying down a balance over time. you forget to randomize and first run all low levels of a factor and then all high levels of a given factor that actually creates no effect on response. Fancy-factor: 4: Alternative: Column: Base chart: xy Scatter line or only makers: Level: Advanced: Tricks: We struggled a little bit with the non-contiguous series. You can use it as a flowchart maker, network diagram software, to create UML online, as an ER diagram tool, to design database schema, to build BPMN online, as a circuit diagram maker, and more. Variance Component (hierarchical) designs are used to study the effect of two or more nested factors on the variability of a response. Definimos los factores A, B y C, y sus interacciones combinadas AB, AC, BC y ABC. In addition to developing fundamental theory and methodology, we are actively involved in statistical problems that arise in such diverse fields as molecular biology, geophysics, astronomy, AIDS research, neurophysiology, sociology, political science, education, demography, and the U. I'd never even heard the term before I started getting involved in quality improvement efforts, but now that I've learned how it works, I wonder why I didn't. Created with Sketch. When the normal distribution applies and u c is a reliable estimate of the standard deviation of y, U = 2 u c (i. Typically, k is in the range 2 to 3. txt files from Examples of Analysis of Variance and Covariance (Doncaster & Davey 2007). Using SPSS Factor Analysis to Find Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. A two-level design with two factors has 22 (or four) possible factor combinations. io can import. Drug dosage is one factor consisting of three levels. (e-mail: [email protected]
The factor Current is accounted for in two of the interactions and will not be counted for level settings selection or prediction calculations. > tm2 = gl(k2, n*k1, n*k1*k2, factor(f2)) > tm2. The formula can be used to SUMIF with multiple conditions, calculate weighted averages and replace excel array formulas. Calculator. integrity level 1 (SIL1) is the lowest level of safety definition and the DOE definition are not necessarily the same. Usaremos una hoja excel de ejemplo para ayudarnos a hacer las operaciones: Descargar ejemplo DOE en excel. 3 pCi/l or 3746 Bq/m 3 of radon-222 in equilibrium with its short-lived decay products (see. Mission-driven organization representing over 6,000 of the world’s leading colleges, schools, and other educational organizations. Since the value of the test statistic t=-1. Here I select the Bubble with a 3-D effect. design(nfactors = 3, replications = 2, randomi. ANOVA is a powerful tool in DOE. All of the subjects were. Then I = 4, J = 3, K = 3 and there are 36 observations. Now, you can perform complex modeling in minutes. Levels lie low and Factor Fly high A DOE with 3 levels and 4 factors is a 3×4 factorial design with 81 treatment combinations. To test these hypotheses, a mixed-model design is used: The dependent variable is ‘attention’. The first one gives critical values of F at the p = 0. "factorial design" • Described by a numbering system that gives the number of levels of each IV Examples: "2 × 2" or "3 × 4 × 2" design. H 0: μ 1 = μ 2 = μ 3. Reject the null hypothesis at level. integrity level 1 (SIL1) is the lowest level of safety definition and the DOE definition are not necessarily the same. For instance, if you wanted to select (sequentially) all of the cells in column C from row 1 to 100, you'd simply create a For/Next loop such as:. Discriminant Analysis with More than Two Groups. DOE enables operators to evaluate the changes occurring in the output (Y Response,) of a process while changing one or more inputs (X Factors). A 2-level design with two factors has 2 2 (four) possible factor combinations. Excel also allows you to use formulas for conditional formatting. STEP 3: The decision: Similar as for a T-test we calculate the critical value for the level = 5% with degrees of freedom 2 and 5 (just read o the values from the appropriate. Shop Walmart. Correlation coefficients whose magnitude are between 0. My Excel Files are free for use. For purposes of learning, using, or teaching design of experiments (DOE), one can argue that an eight run array is the most practical and universally applicable array that can be chosen. Manage your account by logging in with username and password. A key use of such designs to identify which of many variables is most important and should be considered for further analysis in more details. A hypothetical cohort study investigated the effect of two risk factors on the incidence of Disease X. 12 October 2016: The Apache OpenOffice project announces the official release of version 4. • If there are a levels of factor A, and b levels of factor B, then each replicate contains all ab treatment combinations. As you can see in the highlighted cells in the image above, the F-value for sample and column, i. The tables below include proposals developed by DOE for submission to the 2018 IECC code development process. In Dowson's time-of-day effects experiment, the standard deviation (SD) = 3. DOE-2 is the most widely recognized and trusted building energy simulation program available today. Find the row matching your degrees of freedom. In contrast to the OFAT design, DOE methods would call for a "factorial" design, which would include all four factor level combinations, as shown below. In such cases, main effects have 2 degrees of freedom, two-factor interactions have 2 2 = 4 degrees of freedom and k -factor interactions have 2 k degrees of freedom. The Division of Curriculum and Instruction supports evidence-based instructional practices and strategies for differentiated, innovative, and effective teaching and learning based on the State-adopted standards in support of a balanced curriculum for the whole child. Foreword These notes have been prepared for use in the course 02411, Statistical Design of Ex-periments, at the Technical University of Denmark. Array Functions. First, factor out one of the powers of ten; either will work, but the smaller one may be easiest. The NRICH Project aims to enrich the mathematical experiences of all learners. App Annie is the standard in app analytics and app market data, giving you one easy-to-use platform for running every stage of your app business. The 10,000 hour number just gives you a sense that we're talking years of 10 to 20 hours a week which those who some people would argue are the most innately talented individuals still need to get to the highest level. It is essentially a one-way analysis of variance with replications (blocks). Chapter 3 is excerpted from DOE Simplified: Practical Tools for Effective Experimentation, 2nd Edition by Mark Anderson and Patrick Whitcomb, www. These basic templates are ideal for training, but use SigmaXL > Design of Experiments > 2-Level Factorial/Screening Designs to accommodate up to 19 factors with randomization, replication and blocking. Do the same for the first level of the second factor. 9, then the variances (s 1 and s 2) would be 9. You get df1 when you multiply the levels of all variables with each other, but with each variable, subtract one level. The steps below are used to setup the experimental design template so that the results can be entered. This is fine for fitting a linear, straight line relationship. The same function would work for more variables (3,4,5, etc. In addition to its Ph. Choose Stat > DOE > Factorial > Create Factorial Design. Taguchi experimental design of experiments suggests L9 orthogonal array, where 9 experiments are sufficient to optimize the parameters. Instant access to millions of Study Resources, Course Notes, Test Prep, 24/7 Homework Help, Tutors, and more. The two models should therefore provide similar predictions. Summary: Usually the hypothesis of interest is about the significance of one factor while controlling for the level of the other factors. Changes in level greater than 1/2 in (13 mm) shall be accomplished by means of a ramp that complies with 4. 1000 KVA = (900 KW)2 + ( ? KVAR)2 KVAR = 436 The KW capacity of the system increases to 900 KW and the utility supplies only 436 KVAR. As you can see in the highlighted cells in the image above, the F-value for sample and column, i. 05 since the p-value is < 0. Interpreting Effects 8-6 3. How To: Use the psych package for Factor Analysis and data reduction William Revelle Department of Psychology Northwestern University June 1, 2019 Contents 1 Overview of this and related documents4 1. Hence there are eight runs in the experiment. All of the subjects were. Popular Answers ( 2) You are much better off running a third of a 3³ factorial (9 runs) and a complete 2² factorial (4 runs), for a total of 36 runs. XLSTAT is a leader in software for statistical analysis in MS Excel. Hence, we can use the Microsoft Excel. Bullying Issues See who needs to be told and get resources to help. 43 billion and imports of R105. When there are three levels for a factor, you can test for the linear main effect and the quadratic (non-linear) main effect (see Introductory Overview ). If exclude is used, since R version 3. Resources For Excel Help: Mr. STEP 3: The decision: Similar as for a T-test we calculate the critical value for the level = 5% with degrees of freedom 2 and 5 (just read o the values from the appropriate. Flowchart Maker and Online Diagram Software. Three-factor designs are analyzed in much the same way as two-factor designs. The number of treatments increases rapidly with an increase in the number of factors or an increase in the levels in each factor. In the safety stock calculation we will refer to the multiplier as the service factor and use the demand history to calculate standard deviation. Revised Checklist of Requirements for Energy Regulations (ER) No. 2016-2017 (Excel, 69KB) 2015-2016 (Excel, 66KB) 2014-2015 (Excel, 56KB) 2013-2014 (Excel. Children and young people can benefit greatly from singing. 05 since the p-value is < 0. of columns at these levels 2-level 3-level 4-level 5-level L4 4 3 3 L8 8 7 7 L9 9 4 4 L12 12 11 11 L16 16 15 15 L'16 16 5 5 L18 18 8 1 7 L25 25 6 6 L27 27 13 13 L32 32 31 31 L'32 32 10 1 9 L36 36 23 11 12 L'36 36 16 3 13 L50 50 12 1 11 L54 54 26 1 25 L64 64 63 63 L'64 64 21 21 L81 81 40 40. number of experiments, the factor level combinations for Prof. 68 and the decision rule is as follows: Reject H 0 if F > 3. It is not necessary to use capital letters. In this course, he shows how to use Excel's data-analysis tools—including charts, formulas, and functions—to create accurate and insightful forecasts. What's not simple, however, is all of the choices you have to make when planning your experiment. However, exploring these functions and applying them to problems will give you a better understanding of how to use functions at an advanced level in Excel. Below you can find the salaries of people who have a degree in economics, medicine or history. A strategic sourcing plan requires procurement to assess and manage the change so that the benefits of the procurement strategy are realized. Open a new MS Excel workbook. How Many trials in a Full Factorial Design? Found by taking the number of levels as the base and the number of factors as the exponent: Ex1. Children and young people can benefit greatly from singing. The nation's pioneer land-grant university, Michigan State University is one of the top research universities in the world. In designs where there are multiple factors, all with a discrete group of level settings, the full enumeration of all combinations of factor levels is referred to as a full factorial design. , 2^3 Full. Select a cell and type in the "TINV" function. It is possible to nest multiple IF functions within one Excel formula. , explains why a standard Gage R&R cannot adequately assess the capability of many measurement systems. To get started, enter the labels in row 3 and then format the gray cells in row 4. The second ( X 2 ) column starts with -1 repeated twice, then alternates with 2 in a row of the opposite sign until all 2 k places are filled. BusinessDictionary. In this sense, it is an extension of the one-way ANOVA. A Catalogue of Three-Level Regular Fractional Factorial Designs Hongquan Xu Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1554, U. The Number of X Factors can be 2 to 19. where each factor is included as a nominal factor rather than as a continuous variable. While Excel provides the value, it can also be computed as. Tip: You don’t only have to have two variables to run a two-way ANOVA without replication in Excel 2013. The dataset gives the results of an experiment to determine the effect of two supplements (Vitamin C and Orange Juice), each at three different doses (0. Effect sizes 8-25 7. In this case, a standard 2 3 fractional factorial design is supplemented with the six axial points and two center points. Changing the order of levels of a factor Problem. An example of a simple, first-order factor structure; which would justify the calculation of three composite scores In statistics , and particularly psychometrics , composite scores are calculated from data in multiple variables in order to form reliable and valid measures of latent, theoretical constructs. Since complete factorial designs have full resolution, all of the main effects and interaction terms can be estimated. In this example we have two factors: time in instruction and setting. But before we dive into the maths, here is some key information about the Erlang C formula and its. With the advent of new technology, I think it is time to consider some alternatives. Use the distributive property to express a sum of two whole numbers 1-100 with a common factor as a multiple of a sum of two whole numbers with no common factor. It is a factor of 2a, and it is a factor of 2b. The critical value is 3. The best known approach like this is the three factor model developed by Gene Fama and Ken French. The dissolution time points for both the profiles should be the same, e. 9 × 10 3 = 8. Select from the following options: Show Effect Charts: these charts contrast the high and low level effects for each factor and interaction. 2) is lower than the factor for live load (1. ReliaSoft's Experiment Design and Analysis Reference: Chapter Index: DOE Overview; Statistical Background on DOE; Simple Linear Regression Analysis; Multiple Linear Regression Analysis; One Factor Designs; General Full Factorial Designs; Randomization and Blocking in DOE; Two Level Factorial Experiments; Highly Fractional Factorial Designs. Recognize the form: (a + b)(a − b) The product will be the difference of two squares:. Method 2: Change Zoom Level for Previous Documents. com , who granted us permission to use the templates. ) • By creating a “new” level A3 that is really just A1 (or A2) • Let’s consider example 2 • Question -- What will the factor effect plot look like? Robust System Design 16. The values appearing on this page have been calculated via the built-in proprietary functions of Microsoft Excel. In preparing for the PMP exam, it is of course a good idea to get a PMP exam prep text that has sample test questions at the end of each chapter covering one of the knowledge areas on the exam, but to really make sure you are ready for the exam, I strongly recommend getting…. Learn programming, marketing, data science and more. US stronger. Description The block data frames hold Yates matrix column numbers for blocking full factorials with 2-level (up to 256 runs) and 3-level factors (up to 243 runs). TWO-WAY ANOVA one explanatory variable on the outcome does not depend on the value or level of the other explanatory variable, and the e ect of a change in an explanatory variable can be described while not stating the ( xed) level of the other explanatory variable. Total Sum of Squares. NOTICE – The following engineering spreadsheets have been developed to assist in the design of typical engineering practices. The following is an excerpt on DOE designed experiment techniques from Six Sigma Demystified (2011, McGraw-Hill) by Paul Keller. 43 billion and imports of R105. Under Type of Design, select General full factorial design. This, the observed F-value, is then compared against a critical F-value, F(a, v 1, v 2), where a is 1 - the level of significance we are interested in, and v 1 and v 2 are as calculated below. 0005 two-tails 1. Design of Experiments (DOE) Tutorial. Instead of testing one factor at a time while holding others constant, DOE reveals how interconnected factors respond over a wide range of values, without requiring the testing of all possible values directly. Hence, a = 1-0. Welcome to National Preparedness. We manage the largest public pension fund in the US. Uncorrected power factor causes power system losses in your distribution system. Cool free online multiplication games to help students learn the multiplication facts. 0 for a 95% confidence level factor so we have done the same. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures (such as the "variation" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among group means in a sample. [Note that Study 1 reported by Hunter and Hunter, page 514, consists of a simple 2 2 factorial design with 3 center points; that design can be designed and analyzed via the 2 (k-p) standard design (Box, Hunter, & Hunter) (two-level factorial. Click OK to return to the main dialog box. Stock to Sales Ratio (SSR) is the most appropriate method for high level, top down inventory plans and other inventory plans that do not contain the week level of time. By Greg Harvey. For more than two factors, a 2 k factorial experiment can usually be recursively designed from a 2 k−1 factorial experiment by replicating the 2 k−1 experiment, assigning the first replicate to the first (or low) level of the new factor, and the second replicate to the second (or high) level. From the output p-value = 0. Response rates vary greatly depending on many factors including the distribution method (e-mail, paper, phone…), type of communication (B2C, B2B…), quality of the invitation, use of incentives, etc. Such factor shall be not less than 75% and shall be updated not less than every two years. In the safety stock calculation we will refer to the multiplier as the service factor and use the demand history to calculate standard deviation. Construct a profile plot. SPSS has special restrictions in place so that statistical analyses can't be performed on inappropriate types of data: for example, you won't be able to use a continuous variable as a "grouping" variable when performing a t-test. 4 FACTORIAL DESIGNS 4. 9, then the variances (s 1 and s 2) would be 9. 1 Introduction. This raises the question as to how one should produce fractional designs. The dataset gives the results of an experiment to determine the effect of two supplements (Vitamin C and Orange Juice), each at three different doses (0. Miami Dade College is the largest institution of higher education in the country. The most common mutation in people with severe hemophilia A is a rearrangement of genetic material called an inversion. q Fixed price level. Test between-groups and within-subjects effects. This method might be useful in budgeting to simulate sales at the present level. Examples of Writing CONTRAST and ESTIMATE Statements Introduction EXAMPLE 1: A Two-Factor Model with Interaction Computing the Cell Means Using the ESTIMATE Statement. In this example, time in instruction has two levels and setting has two levels. You want to change the order in which the levels of a factor appear. Factors X1 = Car Type X2 = Launch Height X3 = Track Configuration • The data is this analysis was taken from Team #4 Training from 3/10/2003. Start with a 2-factor and work your way up. Excel IF AND OR functions on their own aren't very exciting, but mix them up with the IF Statement and you've got yourself a formula that's much more powerful. Two-Level Factors Four-Level Factor A B X-1 -1 1 1 -1 2-1 1 3 1 1 4 Table 1. Power analysis for a MANOVA with two levels and three dependent variables was conducted in G*Power to determine a sufficient sample size using an alpha of 0. Join Coursera for free and transform your career with degrees, certificates, Specializations, & MOOCs in data science, computer science, business, and dozens of other topics. How Many trials in a Full Factorial Design? Found by taking the number of levels as the base and the number of factors as the exponent: Ex1. In each block, a certain number of factors are put through all combinations for the factorial design, while the other factors are kept at the central values. This is fine for fitting a linear, straight line relationship. In experiments, or any randomized designs, these factors are often manipulated. Navy Federal Credit Union is an armed forces bank serving the Navy, Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, veterans, DoD & their families. The early stages of experimentation usually involve the investigation of a large number of potential factors to discover the "vital few" factors. You would enter the number of two-level factors in the 2-Level Factors box and the number of three-level factors in the 3-Level Factors box. Each factor is an independent variable, whilst the level is the subdivision of a factor.


Defined in header
template< class T >
constexpr T ceil2(T x) noexcept;
Calculates the smallest integral power of two that is not smaller than
x. If that value is not representable in
T, the result is unspecified.
This overload only participates in overload resolution if
T is an unsigned integer type (that is, unsigned char, unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long, unsigned long long, or an extended unsigned integer type).
The smallest integral power of two that is not smaller than
x, or an unspecified value if the result cannot be represented in
|This section is incomplete
Reason: no example


Similar to any other game like 2048 combine the numbers to get to the 2048 tile.
How to Play 5X5 2048 Game:
Controls of 5x5 2048 remain the same as 2048 original game. But this game is played on a bigger board of 5x5 instead of 4x4. Apart from that,
it is faster as well. Instead of one tile there are two numbers introduced with every move. So, yeah you need to be on top of your game to reach 2048.
How to Win 5X5 2048 Game:
Only the board and gameplay has changed you still have to combine tiles until you reach 2048 numbered tile. Game ends when there is no free space on the board for a tile.


Perform KShape clustering.
I recommend reading the paper on it: Paparrizos, John, and Luis Gravano. “k-Shape: Efficient and Accurate Clustering of Time Series.” In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pp. 1855-1870. ACM, 2015.
This GUI uses the tslearn.clustering.KShape implementation.
This plot can be saved in an interactive form, see Saving plots
Left: KShape parameters and Plot parameters
Bottom left: Plot of a random sample of input data from a cluster.
Center: Plot of cluster mean and either confidence interval, standard deviation, or neither. Uses on seaborn.lineplot
Right: Proportions plot. Exactly the same as Proportions.
Bottom Right: Console
The parameters and input data are simply fed to tslearn.clustering.KShape
Parameters outlined here are simply as they appear in the tslearn.
data_column: Input data for clustering.
n_clusters: Number of clusters to form.
max_iter: Maximum number of iterations of the k-Shape algorithm.
tol: Inertia variation threshold. If at some point, inertia varies less than this threshold between two consecutive iterations, the model is considered to have converged and the algorithm stops.
n_init: Number of times the k-Shape algorithm will be run with different centroid seeds. The final results will be the best output of n_init consecutive runs in terms of inertia.
random_state: Generator used to initialize the centers. If an integer is given, it fixes the seed. Defaults to the global numpy random number generator.
training subset: The subset of the input data that are used for used for training. After training, the predictions are fit on all the input data.
Plot cluster: The cluster from which to plot random samples of input data in the bottom left plot
Show centers: Show the centroids returned by the KShape model
There’s currently an issue where cluster centroids don’t appear to be index correctly. See https://github.com/rtavenar/tslearn/issues/114
max num curves: Maximum number of input data samples to plot
Error band: The type of data to show for the the error band in the means plots.
set x = 0 at: The zero position of a means plots with respect to the cluster members in the plot.


Although sometimes we don’t realize it, we use algorithms in our daily lives. From computers, smartphones to space science, algorithm is an essential tool or combine of tools nowadays.
Table of Contents
What is an algorithm?
The algorithm is simply a “ recipe ” for performing a task or solving a problem. Computer science uses this tool a lot, in particular in the field of programming.
A very important aspect of algorithms is efficiency. For many problems, it is quite easy to find a procedure that ends up giving the correct answer, but the real difficulty lies in finding an algorithm that finds the answer efficiently.
If the operations of an algorithm run one after the other, it is a sequential algorithm, if they run in parallel, it is a parallel algorithm. If the algorithm exploits tasks running on a network of processors, we speak of a distributed algorithm.
The word “algorithm” comes from the name of the mathematician Al Khuwarizmi (Latinized in the Middle Ages as Algoritmi), who in the 9th century wrote the first systematic work on the solution of linear and quadratic equations.
Alice and Charles play a game: Alice thinks of a number between 1 and 100 and Charles tries to guess it. Charles can ask for a particular number, and Alice responds if that number is the one she’s thinking or if the number is larger or smaller than she thinks.
Charles can simply ask 1, then 2, then 3, and so on until Alice answers that he is right. This algorithm is very simple and always works. But let’s compare it to this other algorithm: Charles starts by proposing the number 50. If he succeeds, the game is over.
On the other hand, if Alice answers that the number is higher, Charles will continue and propose 75. Or, if Alice answers that the number is lower, the next number that Charles suggests is 25. Charles repeats this strategy several times, in each time halving the range of possible numbers, until he unequivocally reaches the number Alice chose.
This second algorithm also finds the answer each time, but is much more efficient. Thus, with the first algorithm, Charles may have to ask up to 100 questions whereas with the second algorithm, whatever number Alice chooses, Charles will ask a maximum of 6 questions. This idea of “halving” is very common in the field of algorithms.
To sum up, algorithmics includes the study of problem solving by implementing sequences of elementary operations according to a defined process leading to a solution.
The concepts implemented in algorithms, for example according to N. Wirth’s approach for the most widespread languages (Pascal, C, etc.), are few in number, they belong to two classes:
- control structures
- data structures
- recursive structures (lists, trees, graphs)
This division is sometimes difficult to perceive for certain languages (Lisp, Prolog, etc.) more based on the notion of recursion where certain control structures are implicit (and therefore seem to disappear).
Some indications on the efficiency of the algorithms
Often, the efficiency of an algorithm is only known asymptotically, i.e. for large values of the parameter n. When this parameter is small enough, a higher complexity algorithm may in practice be more efficient.
Thus, to sort an array of 30 rows (this is a small parameter), it is useless to use an advanced algorithm such as Quick Sort (one of the most efficient sorting algorithms on average): most trivial sorting algorithm will be efficient enough.
Between two algorithms whose complexity is identical, we will seek to use the one whose memory occupation is the lowest.
Algorithmic complexity analysis can also be used to assess the memory usage of an algorithm. Finally, the choice of one algorithm over another must be made based on the data that is expected to be provided as input.
Thus, the Quicksort (or rapid sort), when we choose the first element as pivot, behaves in a disastrous way if we apply it to an already sorted list of values. It is therefore not wise to use it if it is expected that the program will receive lists that are already almost sorted as input.
Another parameter to consider is the locality of the algorithm. For example, for a virtual memory system which has little memory (compared to the number of data to be processed), Quick Sort will normally be more efficient than Heap Sort because the former only passes once on each element of memory while the second accesses the memory in a discontinuous way (which increases the risk of swapping).
Finally, there are some algorithms whose complexity is said to be damped.
This means that, for some executions of the algorithm (edge cases), the complexity of the algorithm will be much higher than the average case. Of course, the notion of damped complexity is only used in cases where this reaction is very marginal.


True Ellipses in Isometric
True ellipses can be drawn in isometric by the following methods,
Ellipses by Offset Measurements
If a circle lies on a plane that is not
perpendicular to the line of vision then it will project as an
ellipse. Lets take a square based prism and drill a hole down
through the centre of its top face. In isometric the hole in the
top of the prism will project as an ellipse. If we take the plan
of the object and locate points on the circle by means of offset
location measurements and then transfer these measurements to the
isometric drawing, the ellipse is easily drawn. Two lines are
required to find a single point on the circle. Start by drawing
horizontal lines through the circle. Where these lines and the
circle intersect draw vertical lines. Measure the distance from
each of the horizontal and vertical lines to a corner of the
prism. This will give the measurements required to draw the
ellipse in the isometric view. Instead of measuring from a corner
of the prism it is often convenient to use the centre lines of
the circle as a datum line. A datum line is a line from which all
measurements are taken from or with respect to. Follow the
procedure shown in the animation to find measurements 'a' and
Transfer the horizontal 'a' measurements
onto the isometric drawing. Next transfer the 'b' measurements.
Where these lines intersect give points on the ellipse. The
ellipse on the top of the object is the same as that on the
bottom. Transfer points on the top ellipse parallel to the
vertical axes a distance equal to the heigth of the object i.e.
'c'. Follow the same procedure for each set of lines. Take as
many sets of lines as necessary to draw a smooth ellipse.
It is not the purpose of this site to explain, illustrate and demonstrate the numerous methods of constructing true and approximate ellipses. Some methods are briefly discussed below. The offset location measurements method is the onle method shown for generating true ellipses. This method can also be used to draw ellipses in dimetric and trimetric.
Angles, Curves, Ellipses and Arcs in Isometric
Angles: Angles only project as true size when the plane of the angle is parallel to the plane of projection. As we saw earlier the angle between the adjacent edges of a cube in isometric project as 120º and not 90º. Thus, angles can project larger or smaller than true size.
Take this object whos outline projects as an
equilateral triangle in plan. None of these angles will project
as 60º in the isometric drawing. Establish this fact for
yourself by drawing the object in isometric and then measure each
of the angles. The isometric drawing of this object is shown
How about questions where we are not given all the dimensions and have to work them out from angles?
In the elevation view of the object we
do not know dimension 'X' so how do we find it? Draw the plan and
elevation and then draw the enclosing box for the isometric
drawing. If we draw a rectangle around the outline of the
elevation we can step off dimension 'X'. Simply step this
distance off parallel to an isometric line in the isometric
drawing. Complete the drawing in the usual way. Thus, the key to
solving angular measurements in isometric is to convert them to
linear measurements along isometric lines.
Curves: Curves in isometric are drawn by means of offset location measurements method (also known as offset measurements). Pick points on the plan and elevation and locate these points by offset measurements. These measurements are then transfered to the isometric view in the usual way. Use an irregular curve to connect all the points.
Ellipses: Circles will always appear as ellipses in isometric and can be drawn using offset measurements. Ellipses can be drawn in isometric using any off the conventional ellipse constructions. The Four Centre Ellipse is quite satisfactory in most cases. This involves circumscribing a square about the circle in the orthographic view. This square is then transferred to the isometric view where it will appear as an isometric square or a rhombus. Mark in the mid-points on the lines of the square where the ellipse is a tangent to the rhombus in this view also. Draw in the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the rhombus. Where these intersect gives the centres for the four arcs forming the ellipse. For more accurate ellipses the Orth Four-Centre Ellipse can be used or ellipse guides.
Arcs: Arcs in isometric are simply sections of ellipses so any of the constructions used to draw ellipses can be used to draw arcs.
The Sphere In Isometric
Shown above is a sphere which has been enclosed in a cube. A vertical cut is taken through the centre of the sphere and on a plane parallel to one face of the cube so that a great circle results. This great circle appears as an ellipse on the isometric drawing. The only points of this ellipse which appear on the isometric drawing of the sphere, are the points on the extremities of the major axis. Using one of these points and the centre of the ellipse as radius the isometric drawing of the sphere is completed.
The isometric drawing of the sphere is a circle whose diameter is Ö(3/2) times that of the actual diameter of the sphere. The isometric projection of the sphere is simply a circle whose diameter is equal to the true diameter of the sphere. It is important when drawing in an isometric drawing that the circle drawn is an isometric drawing and not an isometric projection of the sphere. If a isometric projection of a sphere is drawn in an isometric drawing then the drawing will be distorted as the sphere will appear smaller than it should.
In axonometric the sphere will always project as a circle. The radius of this circle will be the radius of the sphere.
Hidden lines, Centre lines
and Dimensioning in Isometric
Hidden lines are always omitted unless they provide information not readily available from the axonometric drawing or projection.
Centre lines are drawn if they are needed to indicate symmetry or if they are needed for dimensioning. Where possible they are omitted.
Two systems of dimensioning are approved by ANSI namely, the pictorial plane system (aligned) and the unidirectional system. The former being the preferred system. Inclined lettering is usually not recommended for pictorials (it has been used on this web site for demonstration purposes). Typically, simple vertical lettering is used for either system. In Ireland we use the British Standard 308 (BS 308) when dimensioning. Here is an example of good dimensioning in isometric.


Many decent EE Professors will tell you that Fuzzy Logic is used quite a bit in fuzzy control. For those of you who don't know what that is, congratulations; you're a member of normal society. We will not dwell on that here. Instead, we will focus these Fuzzy Logic energies into logical proofs.
For those logicians out there familiar with normal two-column proofs, such as fitch-style natural deduction proofs or similiar, you will find this somewhat familiar. The difference between fuzzy proofs and conventional proofs is that fuzzy proofs provides us a mechanism to deal with uncertainty.
In conventional First Order Logic, we may for any given statement assign a truth value out of the set of two truth values, True and False. In Fuzzy Logic, there is a "spectrum of truth" wherein a statement can be "20% True" and "80% False". Another (more intuitionistic) interpretation of such a value in terms of using it to form a proof is that we are 20% certain that value A is true. Thus fuzzy proofs allow us to use premises with varying degrees of certainty, and in a chosen interpretation allow us to prove results, perhaps even with higher degrees of certainty than our premises. (Side note: those of you familiar with Zadeh's work may cringe at this, but I will explain what I mean when we get there.)
This post starts a series of blog posts which I will publish on the subject of Fuzzy Proofs as I understand them. Please feel free to make comments and give criticisms for my arguments.
In the first post we will define what "fuzzy logic" herein means, and explore the possibilities of the different logical systems at our disposal, and why we may or may not choose them for our proof or to solve a specific problem. Feedback will be requested here. This is a domain which I am trying to understand better even now.
In the second post we will define what an "interpretation" is, or in other words, we will define how to translate our mathy proof back into english so that it may be used to make decisions, as all useful proofs must ultimately provide use for this end.
In the last post, we will walk through a sample fuzzy logic proof. I will comment on its usefulness, its form, and its weaknesses.
From what I can understand, this field has only been explored by few scholars, most deeming it of little use. But I find it relevant here to examine G. H. Hardy, who said "I have never done anything useful," thinking number theory to be an unimportant part of mathematics. Without him, RSA would not be where it is today. (re-quoted from Algorithms, by S. Dasgupta, C.H. Papadimitriou, and U.V. Vazirani, p. 41.)


Successs is in the Numbers
How long have you been an educator at GGU?
I have been here at GGU every trimester since May 1996.
What was your major, and where did you graduate from?
I have the MA degree in Applied Mathematics from the Universtiy of California at Berkeley.
Why do you enjoy teaching mathematics and algebra in particular?
I am, by my very nature, a very analytical person. I like working with abstract ideas and concepts, bringing them to life via mathematical equations, formulas, techniques, and procedures. Mathematics has this built-in objectivity that just deals in truth, exactness, and precision.
I enjoy teaching (and tutoring) mathematics because it allows me the opportunity to open up the envelope, figuratively speaking, and help my students understand analytical concepts (in a hands-on kind of way) that increases, expands, and broadens their knowledge bank. I think it is true that being confident in one’s mathematical thinking skills most often translates to a quiet confidence in one’s orientation and perspective about life in general.
Mathematics is in everything. Algebra is just a very bottom-line way of logically modeling physical phenomena we see and interact with every day in the environment we live in. For instance, we study parallel and perpendicular lines in the rectangular plane in Algebra. If you live in the City, streets most often run parallel and perpendicular to each other. Of course, there are curved streets, but mathematics has all kinds of equations to describe these trajectory paths as well. Understanding the basics of algebra helps one function better on any geographical, physical, or mental terrain.
Do you think that students require a good working knowledge of algebra for whatever field they are going into?
I think that it is certainly a great asset. Thinking logically and consistently, up against a set of rules, definitions, and procedures is a good benefit in any field of study.
Any recommendations as to how to improve one’s study habits and overall comprehension of mathematics and algebra?
Attend class. Listen to your instructor. Do your homework assignments (check out your assignments to determine how much time you need to complete them, then be very certain to NOT WAIT until the latest moment possible to start working on it). If you need help, seek it out – be it from your peers, tutors, or instructors. Always remember that your course is only for 16 weeks (or 8 weeks) out of your life. Commit yourself to it for the appropriate time frame.


Maths Teacher- Bournemouth
£100 - £150 per day
Maths teacher needed to work in our partner secondary school in Bournemouth for an upcoming part time maternity cover. This is an excellent opportunity for an aspiring Maths teacher who has recently completed a teacher training or PGCE programme or for an experienced teacher of Maths.
This is a full time Maths teaching post delivering KS3 and KS4 Mathematics so previous experience of this is desired. You will be well supported by an experienced Head of Maths and forward thinking Maths department.
The school achieves well academically with results consistently above national and borough averages. You will need to have a proven track record of academic success, demonstrated development of students achieving their expected targets. When working for the school, you will be given the opportunity to undertake regular CPD and training courses delivered by the school.
Highlights of this Maths teaching post;
**Part time position
**Opportunity to earn a school based contract
**Regular CPD and training opportunities
**Ongoing support from a team of knowledgeable consultants
Eligibility for this Maths role;
**Suitable teaching references
**Qualified teacher status
**Experience teaching in a UK secondary school
To apply please upload your CV via the link below asap.
Posted 12 days ago


Read this tip to make your life smarter, better, faster and wiser. LifeTips is the place to go when you need to know about Learning Magic and other Magic topics.
The Magic Square is one of the most amazing facets of math and magic... if performed correctly. It can be a very boring and/or confusing stretch, if you do not present it and explain it properly. Done correctly, you can both astound and impress your audience with your apparent mathematical genius.
Without getting into the presentation, I am going to show you how to create a 'magic square' with nine playing cards.
First, lets establish exactly what a magic square does. When a set of numbers are entered into a grid, like a tic-tac-toe grid, with three squares across and three squares down, the sum of all the verticals, horizontals, and diagonals will total the same.
To create a magic square with nine cards, begin with nine cards in the following order...
8 Ace 6 3 5 7 4 9 2 ..
Deal the cards into three lines of three cards each, one above another. Example:
8 A 6
3 5 7
4 9 2
Assuming the Ace is '1', if you add the totals of each line, regardless of which way you add it, the answer will be '15'. That's the 'magic' of a magic square. I'm not going to try to tell you in this tip how to use it, but I'm confident if you think about it, you'll think of a way to present these cards, in this order, to your spectator...


Welcome to the webpage devoted to the Polish Academic R Users' Meeting 2014 (PAZUR’14). PAZUR’14 is a nation-wide conference that aims at integrating users of the R statistical package. The conference will take place on October 16-17 at the Poznan University of Economics.
The scope of the conference will include not only a programming part, but also applications in such fields as mathematics, bioinformatics, statistics and biostatistics, economics, geography, medicine and many more. Furthermore, we also welcome people from outside academia who use R in their work on a daily basis.
We kindly encourage you to present your experiences with R during long (25 min) or short (5 min) presentations. It is also possible to take part without addressing the audience. Everybody interested in participating in the conference can submit the online form on our webpage. We would like to stress that there is no conference fee.
We hope that PAZUR’14 will be a good chance to exchange experiences, broaden knowledge on R and collaborate.
The organizers of the conference are the Department of Statistics at the Poznan University of Economics, the Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods at the Poznan University of Life Sciences and SKN Estymator.


15 Slider Number Puzzle: consists of 15 squares numbered 1 to 15, which are placed in a 4x4 box leaving a blank 16 position. The goal is to reposition the squares of a disposition given arbitrary starting by sliding them one at a time in the configuration shown above (for some initial arrangements, this rearrangement is possible, but for others, it is not).
The objective is to move the tiles so that they are in the order of 1 to 15 with the lower right white.
No wonder that Sam Loyd drove everyone crazy by his variation puzzle is formulated 15. The problem was unsolvable. When you bought 14-15 Loyd puzzle empty place is placed at the bottom right. The pieces were numbered in order from left to right and top to bottom; Only numbered pieces 14 and 15 were reversed. You must rearrange the pieces so that all parts are in the correct position and the vacuum should be placed in the lower right. A slide puzzle with square pieces can only be resolved when the number of exchanges necessary to solve the puzzle is even.
Clicking on a tab to move, provided that is adjacent to the blank.
A nice variation puzzle basic slide is a puzzle with 15 numbered pieces, 0 (empty space) to 15 with the instruction to drag the pieces so that the sum of all lines and the sum of all columns and the sum of the diagonal equals 30. such control is called a magic square.
Enjoy playing This Free Game
15 Slider Number Puzzle is a free software application from the Arcade subcategory, part of the Games & Entertainment category.
The app is currently available in English and it was last updated on 2016-03-05. The program can be installed on Android.
15 Slider Number Puzzle (version 2) has a file size of 2.73 MB and is available for download from our website.
Just click the green Download button above to start. Until now the program was downloaded 2 times.
We already checked that the download link to be safe, however for your own protection we recommend that you scan the downloaded software with your antivirus.


Installment Deposit Calculator
This calculator is designed to indicate how much the total interest you will receive, based on our Installment Deposit rates.
How To Use:
- Please select Currency (US Dollar Only)
- Please input Initial Amount (input number as an integer)
- Please choose Starting Date you want to deposit
- Please select Duration (Years) you want to deposit
- Please select tax (Resident or Non-Resident)
- In the end, click on Calculator button
- This calculator is designed for an indication purpose and estimated amount only.
- For further information and other conditions, please visit our website or contact our nearest branches.


This post is the first of a series which will explore backtracking search in permutation groups. These articles concentrate on the theory of backtracking, rather than highly-optimised implementations.
If you have any comments or corrections on these pieces, or just enjoyed reading them, e-mail me.
This post assumes you are familiar at least permutations and permutation groups. All code examples will use the GAP language. I strongly recommend installing the latest version of GAP and following along!
Let’s dive in and consider the problem of intersecting two permutation groups G and H. G and H will be given as a set of generators. In GAP, the
Group function constructs a group given by a list of generations, and the
Intersection function finds the intersection of two groups (again, as a list of generators). Let’s see a short example:
G := Group((1,2,3), (1,2), (1,4)(2,5)(3,6)); H := Group((1,3,6), (3,6), (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)); R := Intersection(G,H); # Group([ (4,5), (1,3)(4,5), (1,4,3,5)(2,6) ])
We will use lines start
# to show GAP’s output
So, how can we implement the
Intersection function? You might hope the next step will be a clever mathematical trick, which finds the intersection quickly. Unfortunately at present there is no algorithm that finds all intersections quickly. This problem is wrapped up in various other important problems in computer science, such as if graph isomorphism or NP-complete problems can be solved quickly, which are aren’t going to get into here.
However, just because we can’t produce an algorithm that’s always fast, we can make our best attempt to produce something fast for as many groups as possible.
Let’s start with the simplest possible implementation of intersection: Generate all permutations in G, and check if they are in H:
IntersectionEnumerate := function(G,H) local result, g; result := ; for g in G do if g in H then Add(result, g); fi; od; return Group(result); end; IntersectionEnumerate(G, H); # Group([ (), (4,5), (1,3), (1,3)(4,5), (1,4)(2,6)(3,5), # (1,4,3,5)(2,6), (1,5,3,4)(2,6), (1,5)(2,6)(3,4) ])
One obvious problem here: Haven’t I just changed one piece of GAP magic (
Intersection) for two different pieces of GAP magic:
for g in G1
if g in G2
Iterating over the members of a permutation group and checking if a given permutation is in a group can all be efficiently implemented using a base and strong generating set, also known as a stabilizer chain. In a future post we will see how to make stabilizer chains, and how to implement methods like
g in G1. For now, just accept these functions can be implemented efficiently, once you have a base and strong generating set.
If your only interest is the worst-case complexity for all intersection problems,
IntersectionEnumerate is surprisingly close to the state of the art! None of the algorithms we will discuss will ever beat this algorithm by very much, in a theoretical sense. However, we can (as you might hope) outperform this algorithm in many cases!
The fundamental idea behind all of our improvements revolves around backtracking search, also known as divide-and-conquer. We will take our problem and split it up into sub-problems, which will be (hopefully) easier to solve, and then stitch our answers back together to form the entire group we are looking for.
So, how can we split the search for
Intersection(G,H) up? One natural method of attack if to consider searching for subgroups and cosets contained inside the group we are interested in. Let’s try that!
The point stabilizer of an integer x in a permutation group G is the subgroup of G which fixes x. This is often denoted by G_x. How can we find this subgroup in GAP? Firstly, let us write a slow function:
StabPointEnumerate := function(G,x) local result, g; result := ; for g in G do if x^g = x then Add(result, g); fi; od; return Group(result); end; StabPointEnumerate(G, 1); # Group([ (), (5,6), (4,5,6), (4,5), (4,6,5), (4,6), # (2,3), (2,3)(5,6), (2,3)(4,5,6), (2,3)(4,5), # (2,3)(4,6,5), (2,3)(4,6) ])
Of course, we don’t want to do this in practice. It turns out finding the point stabilizer is another thing we can calculate using stabilizer chains! In GAP, we do that as follows:
Stabilizer(G, 1); # Group([ (4,6,5), (5,6), (2,3) ])
Stabilizer produces out a shorter answer than
StabPointEnumerate. Both functions produce the same group, but
Stabilizer produces a set of generators rather than every element of the group.
We will split the problem of finding G \cap H into pieces, by splitting our problem up into n pieces (where n is the largest moved point of either G or H):
Let’s first consider the first of these sets. A permutation p where 1^p=1 is in G \cap H if and only if it is contained in G_1 and H_1. Therefore we just need to find
Intersection(Stabilizer(G, 1), Stabilizer(H,1)). While this is another intersection problems, it is a smaller problem, and so will (hopefully) be easier to solve. Let’s call this intersection R.
Now we are going to apply a little group theory. We know that R \subseteq G \cap H, so we can divide G \cap H into a list of cosets of R. Let’s pick a single permutation in some coset of R – for example q = (1,3)(4,5) (which we know is in G \cap H, as we found it earlier during our brute force enumeration).
As all p \in R satisfy 1^p=1, then all permutations in the coset qR will satisfy 1^p=3. In general, in each of our subproblems, we will find either:
(A full proof of this is left to interested reader..)
Therefore, we don’t need to find all solutions to all of our sub-problems after the first – we only need to find one permutation from each (or prove no permutation exists)! That already gives us a significant gain in performance.
How can we find quickly which of these sub-searches contains a permutation from G \cap H? That problem has been the subject of a huge amount of research. We will discuss some methods of implementing this in coming posts.


Professor Peter J O’Donnell
Peter O’Donnell is an Affiliated Lecturer in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, a member of the Relativity and Gravitation research group and a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. His current research interests are:
Lanczos potential theory. The Weyl tensor can be generated differentially by a three index tensor: the Lanczos tensor, which was derived from a Lagrangian that was initially constructed to analyse the self-dual part of the Riemann tensor. An ongoing study is being carried out to investigate the mathematical and physical properties of the Lanczos tensor. In generating the Weyl tensor the Lanczos tensor acts as a potential – analogous to the electric tensor in electromagnetic theory.
Twistor theory applied to Lanczos potential theory. The purpose of this research is to utilise the techniques of twistor theory in order to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Lanczos potential, which appears to have some connection with local twistor transport.
Amongst his publications, Peter is the author of two books:
Introduction to 2-Spinors in General Relativity (World Scientific, 2003)
Essential Dynamics & Relativity (CRC Press, 2014).
He is a Tutor and Director of Studies at St. Edmund’s for Mathematics.


Neenah students again posted ACT scores well above the state averages during the 2013-14 school year with a 24.1 composite score for the third straight year.
The score was significantly better than the state average of 22.2 and the national average of 21.0. Neenah's score is also the highest of any public district in the Fox Valley area. Neenah had 322 students take the ACT test last year in the final year before all juniors are required to take the test in 2014-15.
“These scores reflect the hard work of our students and staff at all levels of our district,” Neenah Superintendent Dr. Mary Pfeiffer said. “It is only one measure of overall student achievement, but an important one. We are proud of being able to maintain such high scores and effectively prepare students for post-secondary pursuits.”
For the fifth straight year, Neenah’s highest scores were in reading with a 24.6 average, which easily surpassed the state average of 22.4. Neenah students scored a 24.1 in science for the second straight year, outscoring the state average of 22.3.
Neenah students improved their math scores to 23.6, which was up 0.1 from the previous year. The state average in math was 22.0 for the third straight year. In English, Neenah students averaged a 23.3, which was higher than the state average of 21.6.
Neenah had 48 percent of its students meet the ACT benchmark for college readiness in English composition, algebra, social science and biology, compared to the state average of 34 percent. Last year, Neenah had 46 percent of its students meet the overall benchmark.
Wisconsin’s 22.2 composite score was only surpassed by Minnesota’s 22.9 among states with a large number of students that take the test.


Download our FREE smartphone app today!
Welcome to Year 3. We can’t wait to see you on Thursday 7th September
The Year 3 class is led by Ms Gard. She will be helped by Ms Zorlakkis.
This half term our topic is London. We will be learning all about The Romans.
We will practise reading in our Guided reading lessons and will write in a variety of genres in our Literacy lessons. We will focus on some interesting stories and information books all about the Romans.
In maths, we will be working on counting in hundreds, tens and ones, making number patterns and practising adding and subtraction with renaming.
In Science, we will be looking at planta. We will identify and describe the functions of different parts, explore the requirements of plants for life and growth and investigate the way in which water is transported within plants.
Next half term, our topic will be Ancient Egypt!
For more information, please do click here, to see our curriculum map for the year.


The law of sines can be used to compute the remaining sides of a triangle when two angles and a side are known—a technique known as triangulation 1, the law of cosines states that where γ denotes the angle contained between sides of lengths a and b and opposite the side of lengthc. Both the law of sines and the law of cosines are applicable to any kind of triangles, as opposed to the pythagoras theorem that only applies to right-angled triangles. The laws of cosines and sines we saw in the section on oblique triangles that the law of cosines and the law of sines were useful in solving for parts of a triangle if certain other parts are known.
Solving triangles - using law of sine and law of cosine enter three values of a triangle's sides or angles (in degrees) including at least one side. Review the law of sines and the law of cosines, and use them to solve problems with any triangle google classroom this pertains to the fact that a calculator and programming language might give the inverse cosine as a principal angle in quadrant i (0 to 90 degrees.
2 the law of cosines works with acute triangles and obtuse triangles in the law of sines, you need any two of the three ratios to form your proportion this tells me that anytime i have a side and an angle opposite each other and one. Law of sines formula and steps for solving examples #1-2: solve the given triangle with aas congruency examples #1-3: solve the triangle using law of cosines.
The law of sines can be used to calculate the remaining sides of a triangle, when one side and two angles are known this technique is also known as triangulation the law of cosines relates the length of each side of a triangle, function of the other sides and the angle between them. The law of cosines has three sides and one angle, so that doesn't fit the problem what we want is the law of sines that's the ticket let's put our values in there: now let's move some things around and get calculating. Do the law of sines and the law of cosines apply to all triangles particularly, could you use these laws on right triangles that is, could you use these laws instead of the sine=opposite/hypotenuse. The law of cosine is used to solve triangles that are not right-angled such triangles are called oblique triangles when we know two sides of a triangle and their included angle, then we can find the third side calculator with sine cosine and tangent law of cosines formula. In trigonometry, the law of sines and law of cosines are used as an alternative to the pythagorean theorem in cases where the triangle is not a right triangle each law applies to different types of triangles with given information.
Introduction the law of sines can also be written in the reciprocal form: given two angles and one side - aas for the triangle below c = 102, b law of sines for non right triangles law of sines b a b c sin a sin b sin c a c a b c ambiguous case 1 is it law or sines or law of cosines 1. No ads input a combination of three sides or angles, and law of sines and cosines solves for the rest shows work step-by-step, so you can actually get points on your homework or tests gives warnings if something is wrong with an input. Law of sines & cosines - saa, asa, ssa, sss one, two, or no solution solving oblique triangles - продолжительность: 35:56 the organic chemistry tutor 71 033 просмотра.
Derivation of law of cosines the main idea is to take a triangle that is not a right triangle and drop a perpendicular from one of the vertices to the opposite side this splits the triangle into 2 right triangles you then solve for sine of a and cosine of a in the triangle on the left. Browse 500 sets of law of sines and cosines flashcards. Sine is always positive in this range cosine is positive up to 90° where it becomes 0 and is negative afterwards the essence of the law of cosines has been known to euclid, who proved the obtuse case as ii12 and the acute case as ii13 here's how the former could be translated into plain english.


New sports bettors have a lot of information they need to learn. One of the most crucial is to know how odds are calculated. Odds makers create odds based on the data they get from various sources. Bettors can use the same data to interpret the outcomes of their bets.
Probability is a key strategy used to calculate bookmaker odds. It means the possibility of an outcome happening. There are several other methods used for calculating American sports betting odds that you can check below:
The plus and minus signifiers
The plus and minus signifiers refer to both point spreads and betting odds. A minus means a favorite, and a plus means an underdog. For instance, you may decide to bet now on a game whose odds are -7 and +7. What this means is that if the favorite team wins by more than 7 points, your bet wins. If the underdog loses by less than 7 points, your bet wins. Understanding the signifiers will help you understand how odds are calculated.
Odds and probability
Probability is the main strategy for calculating odds which is why it is crucial to understand the term when playing online casino games. Odds probability means the possibility of an event occurring or not occurring. For instance, if you visit a certain place thrice weekly, the probability that you will visit the place in a given week is 3/7.
In odds, the probability is based on the ratio of an event happening between a favorite team against an underdog. The probability of an event occurring is either 1 or less. It is then converted into an odds ratio. It means the ratio of the event occurring when measured against two competing teams.
Use of subjective and objective data
The use of probability is not enough when determining sports betting odds for the best American sports. Other factors could affect the outcome of a game, no matter how accurate the probability forecasting is. For instance, a key player could get injured, or weather conditions could suddenly change and affect the predicted outcomes. In such instances, the odds makers must act swiftly and adjust the odds lest they lose.
Subjective probability means using personal judgment or experience concerning the outcomes of a game. For example, a specific player may score a goal in 5 consecutive matches. The odds maker can change the odds and say the probability of the player scoring is no longer 40% but 75%.
Objective means using accurate or analyzed information to predict the probability of an event occurring. It does not rely on guesswork like subjective but on credible data. For example, odds makers can determine the probability of a team scoring by recording its performance in 30 matches in a given season.
If the team won ten times out of the 30 matches, its probability of winning is 33.33%. The odds makers can change that probability during a live match based on real-time conditions. The team might bring on board a new, highly experienced player who changes the entire prediction.
Money line bets odds
Money line odds are based on the outcome of a sports event. That means bettors get paid only after a team wins. Just like other odds, they use positive and negative integers. In money line odds, profits increase as odds increase.


Funbrain Math Arcade Passwords
Funbrain arcade passwords to the end: Funbrain.com is a most exciting and enthusiastic educational browsing games website, founded in may 1992 by Poptropica worldwide. Here we get a guide for how to get homework help online from them and math playground games run 2/3. Diary of a Wimpy kid was first published on this site. www.funbrain.com is liked by all the age groups and has some beneficiary materials for teachers, librarians, and parents.
The website also helps the students to enhance their knowledge on the topics they have learned in their class, teachers are also recommended Funbrain to use in their free time to enhance their knowledge, this increases the acceptability and the level of safety of this website.
The content of the websites, like comics, books, skills of math, games are very easy and easy to understand and updated too. The website is committed to providing a safe environment bridges learning and environment.
Apart from all this, one of the special services provided by Funbrain is helping students to complete their homework and provide help in their confusions. This is the dedicated and more advanced section of Funbrain helping kids and adults in their homework’s. There are many help resources for the different subjects including geography, mathematics, history, science, language arts and social studies. Apart from helping students with their homework, the site has many other exciting activities and games that help them to enhance their writing, research, reading and comprehension skills too.
On Funbrain you will be able to get all the possible information that will help to complete your homework on time with additional information of the topic that will clear all your doubts and give you a confidence of one step ahead of other classmates.
Most exciting section of homework help is “Fact Monster” which varies vast and contains all the possible information about World, United States, Science, Sports, math and games, and quizzes. There is one more very helpful feature on homework help is ‘24×7 Private Tutor” this is an additional feature which helps you with your doubts and confusions ion depth and helps you to complete your homework on time.
Funbrain is a user-friendly site easy to use and navigate so that the kids should not get any trouble while using the site. It is safe as it does not involve ant third site which prevents kids from strangers and any other nonavoidable activities.
Instructions to get to the Homework help Section
- Visit www.funbrain.com and go to the bottom of the page where you will find a link “Homework Help”
- Go on the button marked “Homework Center”.
- Go on the subject which needs help in and clicks on select.
Incoming Searching Terms and Tags:
- Funbrain math playground/arcade passwords to the end
- Math playground games run 2 & 3
- Funbrain.com games for kids/ moms and kids playground/ math arcade codes
© copyright, 2013. Share it freely, but must be link back to this source.


e14 led dimmbar warmweiß
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TI-83, TI-83 Plus 3.1 Getting started with the TI-83, TI-83 Plus Note: All keystroke sequences given for the TI-83 are applicable to the TI-83 Plus, unless otherwise noted. 3.1.1 Basics: Press the ON key to begin using your TI-83. If you need to adjust the display contrast, first press 2nd,. TI-83, TI-83 Plus, TI-84 Plus Guide Guide for Texas Instruments TI-83, TI-83 Plus, or TI-84 Plus Graphing Calculator This Guideis designed to offer step-by-step instruction for using your TI-83, TI-83 Plus, or TI-84 Plus graphing calculator with the fourth edition of Calculus Concepts: An Informal Approach to the Mathematics of Change.