It generates about $1.2 million annually for the district and goes toward advanced math, science and technology programs. The budget shows the district surpassing that minimum with 15.3% of its.
At 3.3 percent, the fiscal deficit is marginally lower compared with 3.4 percent in 2018-19. The revenue deficit has been.
M.tech In Oceanography In India M.Tech. (Ocean Engineering) Colleges in India, list of Master of Technology in. List of colleges offering M.Tech. Oceanography Courses Colleges in India. Department of Ocean Engineering. Indian Institute of Technology Madras. Log in. Search for: Friday – 12-07-2019 5:30:05 am. Videos Social Science Projects Political scientists study the origin, development, and operation of political systems.
Bobson Wong (@bobsonwong) has taught high school math in New York City public schools. abstract ideas such as multiplying.
for window tint ended with the seizure of about 3 pounds of marijuana, court papers say. (read more) Marywood University will receive a close to $1.2 million federal grant for science, technology,
Oceanography Final Exam Quizlet Study Oceanography 100 flashcards and notes with Baker. Sign up for free today and conquer your course! Study Washington State University – Pullman campus Oceanography 1 flashcards and notes. Conquer your course and sign up for free today! Study 68 Final exam/exam 1 study flashcards from Liliana D. on StudyBlue. View Notes – Oceanography Final
Arithmetic has never been so infuriating. “1+2=3” is a math puzzle game that limits itself to asking players to solve equations that only involve those three numbers, against the clock. That may sound.
Songergaard stated that by 2020 AI will automate 1.8 million people out of work, but it will create 2.3 million jobs. McMullen—explained the math or the methodology of how Gartner arrived at its AI.
Botany Road Accident Nsw A father cradled his dying son in his arms following a horror motorcycle crash. of the road. Mr Sheahan was out for a motorcycle ride on Sunday afternoon and had chosen to take a shorter ride. Central Coast crash fatalities Two people have been killed. Around 8:45am, officers from Botany Bay Highway Patrol stopped a
year of high school algebra; one year of high school geometry. 2 Mathematics. Topics in Mathematics. 1-3 Hours. Exploration of varying topics appropriate.
If you have decided to take an SAT subject test in math, which exam should you choose – Math Level 1 or Level 2? The answer is. admissions materials or speak with admissions counselors. 3. Consider.
Basic College Mathematics Plus MyLab Math with Pearson eText — 24 Month Access Card Package, 8th Edition. Tobey, Slater, Blair & Crawford. 2017. Available.
“In 2018, fiber was also made available to more new homes than in any previous year, and capital investment by the Nation’s top six Internet service providers increased by $2.3 billion. inexpensive.
Math Resources On The Internet. Free Online Graphing Calculator – Free online graphing calculator that is easy to use and allows you to save, edit, and print out.
But you’re not done calculating rates yet. For single filers earning more than $200,000 and joint filers earning more than $250,000, there’s an additional 3.8% surtax on “net investment income.” This.
Now, like David Joyce said, two is the name of 1+1. Be it two stones, sticks, marks like sticks (I, II,) or symbols like I, II, III, IV, V.. or 1, 2, 3, or.
“#Super30 has a decent Day 1. Biz picked up at metros/urban centres [Mumbai and South specifically] towards evening. Mass.
Biggest Pathology Lab In India Nov 27, 2008. Pathology labs were still a one-man business, all tests were done manually and. Biggest obstacle: "I once relied on partners for expansion. On the basis of the tests performed by these laboratories, the overall India diagnostic and pathology laboratory market has been segmented into radiology and pathology tests by test type. These
In a "60 Minutes” interview scheduled to air Sunday, President-elect Donald Trump said he planned to immediately deport 2 million to 3 million undocumented immigrants who “have. [Trump’s fuzzy math.
This three week unit is crammed full of review lessons from grade one. But these review lessons are not hard, necessarily, for the student. Especially if he has.
Just how a middle-class Brooklyn math whiz became a Wall Street master of high finance. "He is said to handle accounts.
Contents: Introduction *Accuracy and Precision *Ancient Mathematics. You've probably encountered Roman Numerals at some time: 1 = I 2 = II 3 = III 4 = IIII (in.
Evolutionary Psychology With Children Botany Road Accident Nsw A father cradled his dying son in his arms following a horror motorcycle crash. of the road. Mr Sheahan was out for a motorcycle ride on Sunday afternoon and had chosen to take a shorter ride. Central Coast crash fatalities Two people have been killed. Around 8:45am, officers from Botany Bay
“Schools should not prescribe any other subjects except language and mathematics for classes 1 and 2 and language, EVS and mathematics for classes 3 to 5 students as prescribed by the NCERT,” the.
Grade 1 Math. Geometry. Students. Grade 2 Math. Geometry. Students are introduced to geometric volume of three-dimensional shapes. They will learn by.
Story continues 3. Consider issues of time. What are the average scores for Math Level 1 and Level 2 at your top-choice institutions? If a 750 on Math Level 2 is well above average at your dream.
The Dallas Lions Club recently presented Mathematics Achievement Awards to the outstanding. Evening shows are at 7 p.m. with a Saturday matinee at 3 p.m. at the Starlite Playhouse in Tunkhannock.
Results improved the second year at IS 228 in Brooklyn, where in the first year, fewer students passed the math exam — 59% in all, down 2 points — in a year when the citywide pass rate climbed 3.
And to achieve that understanding, we need math. To find the power. about 15 cm and a radius of 2 cm. Since uranium’s.
Our findings pointed overwhelmingly to one curriculum: Singapore Math. TIMSS, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, is designed to help.
Neuroscience Purves Study Guide Dec 1, 2014. Not only are research findings from neuroscience laboratories. Comparative neuroanatomy of animal species is one way to engage students in the study of brain. Brain Dissection Guide (www.scranton.edu/faculty/cannon/sheep). ( Purves et al., 2012; http://sites.sinauer.com/neuroscience5e) have. Jul 3, 2019. Neuroscience by Dale Purves et al. Call Number: QP. Studying a Study and Testing


Time is a bit of a faff really.
If you want to add 20 minutes to 6:50, you get 7:10. Not, as you would with normal maths, 6:70. I remember at school putting calculators into “clock mode” to add times.
I also remember spending a surprising amount of time during my sound engineering days adding and subtracting times. There was a brief period when I was convinced that we needed to decimalise time; change the system so there are 100 seconds in a minute and 100 minutes in an hour. It will be a bit of a faff for everyone, but if it saves me from having to do slightly tricky mental arrhythmic occasionally, then I’m all for it.
It turns out that computers, similarly, have difficulty with time. Which must be partly why many computer systems use the Unix Timestamp.
The Unix Timestamp is a number. A really long number, like 1369634836 or something. But, ultimately, just a number. And this means that adding and subtracting from it is easy.
The number corresponds to the number of seconds since midnight on 1st January 1970. 1369634836, for example, corresponds to seven minutes and sixteen seconds past 1 AM on 27th May 2013.
Funnily enough, though, the Unix Timestamp was invented until 1971, meaning that the first few thousand numbers only ever occurred in the past. Dates that are before January 1970 are recorded as negative numbers, so theoretically it can go back as far as you want.
These days, the Unix Timestamp is used in loads of, if not all, computer languages.
And so on.
Now, I don’t mean to alarm anymore, but there is an apocalypse coming. Well, I say apocalypse, it’s more just an expensive and inconvenient problem. But on January 19th, 2038, we’re going to have another “Millennium Bug” situation, when the Unix Timestamp gets so big that it cannot be stored in normal (32-bit) computer file systems.
Before this time, we’re either going to have to switch to using 64-bit systems, which support much bigger numbers, or using a different method for storing dates. That is, assuming we there are any 32-bit computer systems still running from today.
Even when we switch to 64-bit systems, though, we’re only prolonging the problem, not solving it indefinitely. At 15:30:08 on Sunday, 4 December 292,277,026,596, we will again run out of numbers. Luckily, though, as Wikipedia notes “This is not anticipated to pose a problem, as this is considerably longer than the time it would take the Sun to expand to a red giant and swallow the earth.”
Which is slightly more of an apocalypse than the dates not displaying correctly on websites really. But I’m still more worried about the date thing than the sun thing.


Due to recent events with COVID-19, all Happy Clinics are closed until it is safe to reopen.
All prices and promotions will pause and be honored when we are able to reopen.We apologize for any inconvenience, and appreciate your understanding. Please do not hesitate to call us if you have any questions or concerns. We are checking voicemails 3-4 times a day.
The Aging of Venus Part 1 - The Triangle of Beauty.
The triangle ( and in particular the equilateral triangle with all sides having equal dimensions ) is the most stable of all geometric forms. It has been studied throughout time by the greatest minds of mankind. Its...


December 24, 2021 / Rating: 4.5 / Views: 928 Related Images "Mathematica activation key Archives" (38 pics):
Find Your Activation Key—Wolfram Language Documentation
Find Your Activation Key. For Mathematica, Wolfram Desktop and Wolfram Finance Platform, there are three ways to find your activation key in the Wolfram User Portal, via the in-product menu or directly in a Wolfram Notebook.
You should use VUnet e-password credentials to access any of the restricted materials.To comply the terms under which Vanderbilt licenses the Mathematica software from Wolfram, Inc., the School of Engineering provides the VUSE SDS Mathematica materials for two specific types of use: To install Mathematica, you need to download a distribution bundle appropriate to your operating system.Note: You only need one bundle to install the software.All of the distribution bundles for Mathematica are disk images.


Pattern Blocks and Boards
Follow one of ten design templates or create your own mosaic using these 120 colorful wooden tiles. Matching and mosaics--what a gorgeous way to develop fine motor skills!
Educational/Developmental Toy Type: Blocks Theme/Subject: Learning Skill Learning: Patterning, Matching, Fine Motor, Mathematics, Spatial Perception, Self Awareness, Color Identification, Eye-hand Coordination, Problem Solving, Shape Language: English Features: Colorful, Double-sided Material: Wood Package Contents:
- Set of pattern blocks and design templates to fill
- Includes 120 shapes and 5 boards.
- Boards are double-sided for even more play
- A classic math manipulative and learning activity
- Great for spatial awareness, color recognition, hand-eye coordination, and problem solving
- 120 x Shapes , 5 x Boards,


A Beginner’s Guide to ROC Curves and AUC Metrics
As a beginner in machine learning, understanding the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve and AUC (Area Under the Curve) metrics can be challenging. However, these evaluation metrics are essential in measuring the performance of classification models. This article serves as a beginner’s guide to ROC curves and AUC metrics, helping you to comprehend their importance in evaluating classification models.
What is an ROC curve?
A ROC curve is a graphical representation that shows the trade-off between sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (true negative rate) for a binary classification model. It is a plot of the True Positive Rate (TPR) against the False Positive Rate (FPR) for various classification thresholds. A classification threshold is a decision boundary that separates the positive and negative classes.
How is a ROC curve plotted?
A ROC curve is plotted by calculating TPR and FPR for various classification thresholds. The steps for plotting a ROC curve are:
- Train a binary classification model on the training dataset.
- Predict the probabilities of the positive class for the test dataset.
- Sort the test dataset based on the predicted probabilities of the positive class.
- Calculate the TPR and FPR for various classification thresholds.
- Plot the TPR against the FPR for various classification thresholds.
What is AUC?
The AUC is the area under the ROC curve. It is a scalar value between 0 and 1, where a value of 1 indicates a perfect classification model and a value of 0.5 indicates a random guessing model. AUC is a widely used evaluation metric for binary classification models.
How is AUC calculated?
AUC is calculated by integrating the ROC curve. Mathematically, AUC can be computed as the area under the curve obtained by plotting TPR against FPR for all classification thresholds.
Interpretation of ROC curve and AUC
The ROC curve and AUC are powerful tools for evaluating binary classification models. The ROC curve helps us to visualize the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity for various classification thresholds, while AUC provides a scalar value that summarizes the overall performance of the classification model.
Here are some key takeaways from interpreting ROC curves and AUC:
The closer the ROC curve is to the top-left corner of the plot, the better the classification model.
- AUC values between 0.5 and 1 indicate that the classification model is better than random guessing, where a value of 1 represents a perfect model.
- An AUC value of 0.5 suggests that the classification model is equivalent to random guessing, and a value below 0.5 suggests that the model is worse than random guessing.
Advantages of ROC curve and AUC
AUC ROC Curve are advantageous in several ways. Here are some of their advantages:
- They are insensitive to the imbalance in the dataset. That is, they can handle datasets with a skewed class distribution.
- They provide a comprehensive view of the performance of the classification model, taking into account all possible classification thresholds.
- They are useful for comparing different classification models with different threshold values.
In conclusion, the ROC curve and AUC are essential evaluation metrics for binary classification models. They help us evaluate classification models’ performance, especially when the dataset has a skewed class distribution.
It is important to understand how to interpret the ROC curve and AUC to make informed decisions about the classification model. Therefore, by following this beginner’s guide to ROC curves and AUC metrics, you can effectively evaluate the performance of your binary classification models.


Michael Lacey is a highly-honored mathematician who currently serves as a full professor and associate chair of faculty at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Michael Lacey first came to the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1996 with the rank of associate professor. He became a full professor in 2001, and he moved to his current role in 2017.
Michael Lacey earned a BS degree in mathematics from the University of Texas in 1981. In 1987, he earned a Ph.D in mathematics under the direction of Walter Philipp. His thesis was in the area of probability theory.
Before coming to the Georgia Institute of Technology, Michael Lacey was an assistant professor at the University of Louisiana. From there, he moved to the same position at the University of North Carolina. From 1989 through 1996, Michael Lacey served as an assistant professor at the University of Indiana.
Dr. Lacey has received a number of honors in his field. In 1997, he was awarded with the Prix Salem for his work in phase space analysis. Dr. Lacey followed this by receiving a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2004. This prestigious honor is given to no more than four mathematicians in any given year.
In 2008, Dr. Lacey was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship, and spent time in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The American Mathematical Society accepted Dr. Lacey as a fellow in 2013. That organization stated that Dr. Lacey had made, “outstanding contributions in the advancement of mathematics”.
In his current teaching role, Dr. Lacey teaches a number of different courses on a rotating basis. In the past he has taught courses that include the Foundation of Math Proofs, Vector Calculus, Linear Algebra and Harmonic Analysis.
Dr. Lacey continues to be an adviser to graduate students and those in the Ph.D program at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He has worked with several students in postdoctoral programs as well.


23, 76, 39, 23, 15, 30, 15, 25
(a) Make a scatter diagram of the data. Then visualize the line you think best fits the data.
(b) Use a calculator to verify that ?x = 153.4, ?x2 = 3346.78, ?y = 246, ?y2 = 10330 and ?xy = 5522.9.***
Compute r. (Round to 3 decimal places.)As x increases, does the value of r imply that y should tend to increase or decrease? Explain your answer.
i. Given our value of r, y should tend to decrease as x increases.
ii. Given our value of r, y should tend to increase as x increases.
iii. Given our value of r, we can not draw any conclusions for the behavior of y as x increases.
iv. Given our value of r, y should tend to remain constant as x increases.


Please help us to raise the funds to pave and permanently roof our Hale ʻAina (cafeteria) on our crowdrise page. Our Naepuni Aloha, parent support group has already raised $16,000 to be used for this purpose. We would appreciate a donation of any amount. Mahalo piha!
Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. Khan Academy supplements the mathematical learning that occurs in the classroom for grades 7-12.


I often think of how many miles I have ridden through my entire adult life, how many times have I turned my pedals?
So here is the math equation I've come up with:
I have beed riding for 20 years, competitively.
1990-1999-2,000 miles a year avg=18,000
2000-2008-3,000 miles a year avg=24,000
2009-2012-5,000 miles a year avg=15,000
57,000 miles, thats it?!?! It seems like I have ridden soooo many more.
However, the adventures, places I've been and things I have learned are beyond any calculation I could come up with.
This year I am going to keep track of my miles and see how close I am to my guesstimate.
So far for the month of Jan I have 177 fatbike miles, 32 ICC miles, 20 miles of snowshoeing and 20 miles of skating. 249 miles for the month of Jan, 2013.


Saturday, 9am - 5pm
Tuesday, 3pm - 7pm
Wednesday, 3pm -7pm
|Grade Level:||Elementary, Middle School, High School|
|Item Type:||Experience Box|
Cultures around the world have their own systems of writing numerals and computing numbers. Learn about place value and how to use an abacus as a tool for addition and subtraction. Use Napier's Bones to multiply one-digit by multi-digit numbers. Combine shapes to represent images using tangrams. Math may be a universal language but it has been and continues to be expressed differently around the world.
© 2012 The Field Museum, All Rights Reserved.


McDaniel College professor Francis "Skip" Fennell's mathematics work has been featured in journals and textbooks, and the professor of education and professional studies helped develop mathematics standards in the new Common Core standards, but it was his work with an animated television series that earned him an Emmy.
In 2012, children's authors Jennifer Oxley and Billy Aronson published a book about a girl named Peg and her pal, Cat, who use their math skills to solve a predicament — round up a group of chickens escaped from their friend's farm.
A year later, Oxley and Aronson, who have worked on series such as "Little Bill" and the PBS "Arthur" spin-off "Postcards from Buster," joined forces to turn the children's book into a TV series, "Peg + Cat," on PBS.
And the pair was in need of a mathematics expert to work on the series.
"I received a cold call and they asked if I could look at some stuff," Fennell said. "They were looking into two other math experts and they wanted feedback on the show to figure out who they would work with."
"Peg + Cat" snagged three awards in the 41st Daytime Entertainment Creative Arts Emmy awards last month. The show won Outstanding Pre-School Children's Animated Program; Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program, which went to Hayley Faith Negrin, who is Peg's voice; and Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation, which went to Jennifer Oxley for production design.
Fennell's work on pre-K to eighth grade mathematics has been featured in journals and textbooks across the country. Working with a grant from the National Science Foundation and public broadcast television, Fennell produced a series of professional development videos for teachers.
"I have an understanding about the media and what it means to use media in education, but I am not a media specialist," Fennell said.
The series creators eventually asked Fennell to join the series as a consultant to ensure that the mathematics concepts being taught in the show measure up to national standards.
"They would send me a treatment, or a script, and I would read it from the perspective of 'where is the math here,'" Fennell said. "I made sure the flow of the math is right. It is important mathematics kids see at 3, 4 and 5 [years old] does follow a curriculum teachers would use in school."
The show is divided into two 12-minute sections. In the first half of the show, viewers learn a concept that they then use to solve an issue in the second half, Fennell said.
"I make sure the math weaves itself through the show in the appropriate way and it's right," Fennell said. "Sometimes there are concepts there that a child would not learn until maybe middle school and we have to remove them."
Fennell is able to monitor the curriculum used in the show because he helped to develop the new mathematics standards for the national Common Core State Standards, a series of guidelines in mathematics, science and English language arts.
He said while a show can be entertaining, he ensured the information is correct and on grade level, which is what is measured by the U.S. Department of Education for educational programming. The Emmy came just days before Fennell and the show's creators were set to present the show before the federal education department, but Fennell said the creators were not able to show off the awards to the department of education for consideration in the evaluation.
In the age of transmedia, where TV shows translate to websites and phone apps, Fennell was also brought on to help consult with mathematics for educational mathematics games on the "Peg + Cat" website.
"I have nine grandkids and three are about the age range for the show," Fennell said. "Sometimes I have them play the games and hover over their shoulder and watch them play and see if there are any issues I would not see as an adult."
Fennell said he often also makes incorrect moves in the game to ensure that they are error-free from a educational perspective.
Fennell said while he never saw himself working in media, he enjoys working on educational shows because they show a point of creativity that he has never had.
Since working with "Peg + Cat," Fennell was sought out to work on another math-based PBS children's series, "Odd Squad," set to premiere November 24.
Staff writer Krishana Davis can be reached at 410-857-7852 or firstname.lastname@example.org.


At the beginning of the game cycle is dealt cards to the players. Following the first round of betting preflop and continuing for three rounds by betting the flop, turn and river. In the following paragraphs, a description is given and the importance of information to be given an assistant in individual betting rounds.
The following figure shows the situation immediately after the cards are dealt to players. The table is for 6 players, 6 players received cards and 6 players still in the game. Logged player received Jc9c pocket.
Predictor found 26 entries for the card J9, the current position of the player at the table and a table for 6 players. From these records based on a statistical summary cards community cards follows: most on board appeared card 5 (50%), followed by 3 (38%) 6 (30%) 9 (26%) A (26%), K ( 26%), etc. in the right pane predator states that J9 won only 4 times out of 26 games and a list of the winning couples in this situation.
Hand value by pedictor - 15% of the value of the card players predictor according to the given situation (4 z 26 à 15%).
Hand value empiric – 18.2% is the value of the card players from long-term statistics database predictor.
Hand value by Bill Chen – 7% of the value cards the player computed by the formula Bill Price.
On the table is laid FLOP 5hTs9s, the game is still 6 players. Predictor in its statistics highlight lined in red figures.
The player now has a few dozen, the odds of a set of nines, or two couples is only 20.4%.
With the current number of five opponents is the probability that one of them has a winning ten of 53.9%.
Player prospects of winning are, however, only 38% because some of the extra opponents can hold in their hands a pair of fives, nines, higher pair, or nine and a higher kicker.
On the table is laid TURN 5s, the game is still 6 players.
The player's combination improved to two pair of nines and fives, and has a chance at a full house four cards, however, this opportunity is only 8.7%.
Chances opponents that some of them holding winning a five or ten rose to 74.4%.
Prospects for the player to win in this game dropped to 17.3% due to a possible flush spades.
On the table is laid RIVER 6d, the game is still 6 players.
Results probability is almost the same as in the previous round.
Chances opponents has increased since winning combinations 66 or 65th
Weather win the player declined to 13.6%.
Two pairs are in play Holdem nice combination of calculated probabilities clearly show that in the situation when the game still five opponents is a mistake venturing into the big bet.
Let's show how the situation changes when a pair of nines will force some players to lay the cards. The simulator allows us to replay any game under different conditions. The following three figures documenting how dramatically changes the probability of winning with the same cards when the flop coaxed three players leave the game after the turn, stay in the game with only one opponent.
Note: All the information you submitted online Wizard, very fast. It's up to the players, as in the situation exploits.


All parts are made from Eco-Friendly Rubberwood
Good for improving Children’s eye-hand coordination, deveioping
brain power, enhancing fine motor skills and teaching math.
One to four children can play together.
Starting by putting the ball (with the number ) one by one on the bank roof .The ball will fall down step by step and stop in a slot .
Player have to add the number of the balls and the number of slots where the ball falls quickly.
Children will enjoy playing with this toy because they are waiting to
see which number of slot the ball will fall.
Who can add the numbers correctly?
|ขนาด||120 × 240 × 490 mm|


Tips on How to Use Investment Calculators
In case you are planning to invest some money (or already have), there are calculators on the Internet that you can take advantage of to verify the state of your investments. And so, you can already understand the state of your investments even without the numbers from professionals. All you need to do is go online, encode your data, and get the answer you’re looking for within a few seconds.
One functionality of the online calculators is for identifying your financial status at the time of your retirement, or even to guide you as to when you will be ready to give up work. You can as well make use of these calculators to select the best investment vehicle for yourself; plus they are relatively straightforward to use in addition to that they are available for use without any fee.
Here are some helpful suggestion on how to make use of these calculators when looking for answers.
A Beginners Guide To Tips
Surf the Website: First off, you must search for a website that features a dependable investment calculator. There are actually four distinct kinds of calculators to choose from, which are all investments or savings related. The four calculators available include the compound interest, future lump sum, CD and APY, and financial goal calculators.
6 Lessons Learned: Tips
The compound interest calculator best fits situation wherein you intend to deposit some amount to your savings throughout a certain period and watch your savings as it grows. To use a calculator like this, you will be required to key in the amount you plan to deposit every time in addition to periods you plan on using. You will likewise need to key in the possible yearly interest rate and the length of time in years that plan on using this investment strategy. Should you happen to have deposited an opening amount of money, you will be given as well the option to enter that amount. When all the required values are keyed in, the calculator will then be able to compute for the future amount of your savings.
A lump sum calculator provides those who plan to make some onetime investment a tool to determine the future value of their investment. In order to compute the value at a later date, you will need to provide the amount you are going to invest, the interest rate per annum, in addition to the number of years the amount you will keep the money in that investment.
Many people choose to invest their money in CDs given that it comes with a lower risk and also yields relatively significant returns. You can therefore use this calculator to determine the value of your money using the method of investment. Thus, you can use a CD calculator if you are making such an investment and would like to know how much your money will be worth in the future. This is calculated after you have entered the amount of money being invested, the rate of interest, the time frame for which it will be invested, and the accumulating intervals.


Are you struggling with financial homework assignments and projects? Then you are most welcome to Stats$Maths, Experts Online Tutors. We’ve got all the necessary help that you may need for your financial homework assignments. Here we will offer and provide you with our online specialist’s tutors. Many students struggle and endure to get the answers and solutions to get their Finance assignments. To get good grades and marks out of educators, they have to a whole lot through comprehensive researches, but occasionally they fail. So in this kind of situation, we’re there to give you a hand. We can offer and offer you the very best answer and solution by being your Finance Homework Help.
The only thing that you need to perform is to pay our expert online tutors, and you’ll be able to submit your Math Homework Support request. This site has got the most experts and highly skilled professionals. They have tutors that have gained extensive in-depth knowledge of management abilities. They even have in-bound expertise of analytical comprehension of mathematical formulas and concepts. Their experts’ coaches and professionals utilize their own abilities and expertise in dealing with any complex and complicated math assignments. And they’re able to solve and figure it out in a short period.
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When you lookup in the sky the most prominent celestial objects you see are the Sun and the Moon along with distant stars. What if I tell you that you can also see five planets of our solar system in the night sky starting from Mercury to Saturn? Yes, they just look like stars but don’t twinkle. This has been known since ancient times and incorporated into our calendar week of 7 days and each day is named after the objects of solar system which can easily be seen with the naked eye.
So, are we limited to see only seven objects in our solar system?
Ofcourse not! Since the invention of telescope, the four largest moons of Jupiter were spotted by Galileo in 1610. Five decades later, Christiaan Huygens made the discovery of Saturn’s rings. More than a century later in 1781, the seventh planet Uranus was discovered by William Herschel. But, the discovery of 8th planet is remarkable in the sense that it was predicted with mathematical calculations rather than observational means, a pivotal event in the history of astronomy. So, let us take a journey through this mind bending discovery.
The problem with the motion of Uranus:
The discovery of Neptune resulted from the need to develop a theory explaining the erratic motion of the solar system’s 7th planet Uranus, which could not be completely accounted for by means of the gravitational effects of Jupiter and Saturn. Several astronomers since the planet’s discovery by William Herschel in 1781 had suggested that the perturbations in Uranus’s orbit could be caused by an unknown trans-Uranian planet, which could have been mistaken for a fixed star in earlier observations. However, the complex mathematics required for proving this hypothesis was so daunting that no one attempted the task. But there was a way, since Laplace already developed mathematical expressions for the mutual perturbations exerted by the planets as a result of their gravitational attraction. Using these expressions, one could carry out numerical calculations to produce tables of the positions of the planets over time. Bouvard, Laplace’s student, began the calculation of tables predicting the movements of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus, where the calculation of Jupiter’s and Saturn’s tables proved to be relatively straightforward, but Uranus’ table however was highly intractable, even after taking into account the perturbations exerted by the other planets.
Bouvard was the first to speculate that the anomalous motion of Uranus could be occasioned by the gravitational action of a new planèt. Soon the idea got spreaded and in 1835, the astronomer Benjamin Valz, proposed to Arago carrying out a search for the planet. Arago evidently hoped that the problem of Uranus would be taken up at the Paris Observatory. Since there was no one else at the observatory he deemed capable of tackling such a difficult problem, he turned to Le Verrier. He had great faith in Le Verrier’s mathematical abilities, and so, at Arago’s request, Le Verrier abandoned the investigation of comets in which he was then involved and devoted himself to Uranus. At the same time, John Adams, a young British mathematician recently graduated from Cambridge, also started working on the same problem independently.
The work of Le Verrier and Adams:
In 1843, Adams did some calculations and predicted that the gravitational pull from an eighth planet was causing all the weird movement of Uranus. Unfortunately, Adams did not pursue the calculations with much eagerness until a much later date. He sent in his predictions to Royal Greenwich Observatory in September 1846, meanwhile Le Verrier completed an independent computation and predicted the exact position for Neptune. He sent the prediction to the French Academy on August 31, 1846. The two astronomers later became good friends.
Le Verrier wrote: It would be natural to suppose that the new body is situated at twice the distance of Uranus from the Sun using Bode’s law. Formulated as,
where ‘a’ is semi major axis in AU and ‘m’ is consecutive integers from 0.
The law suggests that, extending outward, each planet would be approximately twice as far from the Sun as the one before.
First, it is obvious that the new planet cannot come too close to Uranus [its perturbations would have been very evident]. However, it is also difficult to place it as far off, say, as 3 times the distance of Uranus, for then we should have to give it an excessively large mass. But then it’s great distance both from Saturn and Uranus would mean that it would disturb each of these two planets in comparable degree, and it would not be possible to explain the irregularities of Uranus without introducing very sensible perturbations of Saturn as well. We might add that since the orbits of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus all have a very small inclination to the ecliptic, it is reasonable to suppose, as a first approximation, that the same must apply to the new planet. Le Verrier had reduced the number of unknowns by two: he assumed the semi-major axis of the orbit and the inclination of the orbit. Nevertheless, there remained more than enough other unknowns, in part because the orbital elements of Uranus were themselves poorly determined. One can work out all the perturbations of the other planets except the new one, and finally establish the discrepancies between the calculated and observed positions so as to show the effects of the perturber. It is not possible in this way to obtain a unique solution to the problem since any number of other orbits remain possible for Uranus. As Le Verrier has already settled with 2 unknowns of new planet, he settled the same ones for Uranus; the semi major axis and orbital inclination. With this simplification, there remained eight unknowns in the orbital elements, to which he added a ninth, the mass of the perturbing planet.
Le Verrier needed only 3 months to specify the orbital elements of the perturbing planet, guess at its mass, and even provide an order of magnitude estimate of the apparent diameter it would present in the telescope. In his note of 31 August 1846, he summarized his methods and gave the predicted orbital elements for the new planet, to a degree of precision that would prove, however, to be entirely illusory. Le Verrier modified the semi-major axis of the orbit slightly from the initial hypothesis in which he had simply followed the Bode’s law, and taken it to be twice that of the orbit of Uranus, i.e., 38 AU. Le Verrier predicted that the planet lay in the sky about 5° east of the star delta in the constellation Capricorn, and also, as noted, indicated the approximate values of the apparent diameter and brightness of the planet, probably in an attempt to stimulate the imagination and ambition of an observer to look for it.
The Search & Discovery:
The two great mathematicians(Le Verrier and Adams) did their calculations manually. Up until independent confirmation from both, no one recognized the similarity of their solutions and their work had been just little more than a curiosity, but now it spurred to organize a secret attempt to find the planet. Adams continued to work on the problem, providing the British team with six solutions in 1845 and 1846, which resulted in searching the wrong part of the sky. Le Verrier was unaware that his public confirmation of Adams’ private computations had set in motion a British search for the purported planet. Le Verrier finally sent his results by post to Johann Galle at the Berlin Observatory. Galle received Le Verrier’s letter on 23rd September 1846 and immediately set to work observing in the region suggested by Le Verrier. Galle’s student, Heinrich Arrest, suggested that the recently drawn chart of the sky, in the region of Le Verrier’s predicted location, could be compared with the current sky to seek the displacement characteristic of a planet, as opposed to a stationary star.
Neptune was discovered just after midnight, after less than an hour of searching and the exact location varied a less than a degree from the computed position of Le Verrier, a remarkable match. After two further nights of observations in which its position and movement were verified, Galle replied to Le Verrier with astonishment: “the planet whose place you have computed really exists”. Shortly after the announcement of the discovery, the planet was viewed in Paris by Le Verrier himself, as well as by several other astronomers. Many wrote to congratulate Le Verrier.
Thus the astronomers Le Verrier and John Adams are credited with the discovery of the 8th planet Neptune by using only mathematics in 1846. The discovery of Neptune not only represents the greatest triumph for Newton’s gravitational theory since the return of Halley’s Comet in 1758, but it also marks the point at which mathematics and theory, rather than observation, began to take the lead in astronomical research.
Flushed with enthusiasm, Le Verrier wrote: “This success leads to the hope that, after observing the new planet for another 30 or 40 years, it will become possible to use it in turn to discover the orbit of the next one in order of distance from the Sun, and so on. Unfortunately, the more distant objects will be invisible because of their immense distance from the Sun. Nevertheless, over the course of centuries, their orbits will be traced out with great exactitude by means of their secular inequalities.”
Needless to say, his hope was not fulfilled in the way he expected. Other bodies in the solar system more remote than Neptune, such as Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Sedna and more such worlds have been found; however, they are so remote and their masses are so small that the influence they exert on the orbit of Neptune is negligible. The discoveries of these “dwarf planets,” as they are now known, resulted not from mathematical investigations of the kind that led to Neptune’s discovery but from systematic photographic or CCD surveys.
So readers, encourage your children to study mathematics diligently. You do not know how they will make use of mathematics. Whenever your children ask you what’s the purpose of solving all the silly mathematics word problems, do tell them the story of discovering the planet Neptune. Mathematics is useful in all aspects of our lives. Even though most of us do not use mathematics to compute the celestial movements, we do use it to check our salary and various deductions.


Shut The Box Wooden Board Game for 2-4 Players
Looking for a different type of board game? Our Shut The Box Wooden Board Game for 2-4 Players will have the whole family wanting to play. This is a fun, fast paced game that will re-enforce math skills but the kids won't even know they are learning. Roll the dice and topple the pin or combination of pins that add up to the score you rolled. Turn ends when you can’t turn down another pin. Lay down all the pins, and you’ve “Shut the Box!" Take it up a level and use subtraction as well.
USE AT HOME AND IN THE CLASSROOM
Shut the Box is an excellent tool for teaching basic addition and subtraction. The player rolls the dice, adds and/or subtracts the values, and then lays down the tiles that have the total.
PORTABLE TABLETOP GAME
FELT LINED SURFACE FOR LOWER NOISE
Shut The Box Wooden Board Game for 2-4 Players Features:
- Appropriate for kids and adults, 2-4 players
- Includes 2 dice and 10 numbered wooden tiles on each side
- The game is played with family and used in classrooms for teaching addition, subtraction and probability.
- High quality solid wood
- Felt lined surface to lower noise when throwing the dice.
- A great board game with several ways to play.


The topic on Fibonacci retracements is quite intriguing. To fully understand and appreciate the concept of Fibonacci retracements, one must understand the Fibonacci series. The origins of the Fibonacci series can be traced back to the ancient Indian mathematic scripts, with some claims dating back to 200 BC. However, in the 12th century, Leonardo Pisano Bogollo an Italian mathematician from Pisa, known to his friends as Fibonacci discovered Fibonacci numbers.
The Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers starting from zero arranged in such a way that the value of any number in the series is the sum of the previous two numbers.
The Fibonacci sequence is as follows:
0 , 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610…
Notice the following: 233 = 144 + 89 144 = 89 + 55 89 = 55 +34
Needless to say the series extends to infinity. There are few interesting properties of the Fibonacci series.
Divide any number in the series by the previous number; the ratio is always approximately 1.618.
For example: 610/377 = 1.618 377/233 = 1.618 233/144 = 1.618
The ratio of 1.618 is considered as the Golden Ratio, also referred to as the Phi. Fibonacci numbers have their connection to nature. The ratio can be found in human face, flower petals, animal bodies, fruits, vegetables, rock formation, galaxial formations etc. Of course let us not get into this discussion as we would be digressing from the main topic. For those interested, I would suggest you search on the internet for golden ratio examples and you will be pleasantly surprised. Further into the ratio properties, one can find remarkable consistency when a number is in the Fibonacci series is divided by its immediate succeeding number.
For example: 89/144 = 0.618 144/233 = 0.618 377/610 = 0.618
At this stage, do bear in mind that 0.618, when expressed in percentage is 61.8%.
Similar consistency can be found when any number in the Fibonacci series is divided by a number two places higher.
For example: 13/34 = 0.382 21/55 = 0.382 34/89 = 0.382
0.382 when expressed in percentage terms is 38.2%
Also, there is consistency when a number in the Fibonacci series is divided by a number 3 place higher.
For example: 13/55 = 0.236 21/89 = 0.236 34/144 = 0.236 55/233 = 0.236
0.236 when expressed in percentage terms is 23.6%.
16.1 – Relevance to stocks markets
It is believed that the Fibonacci ratios i.e 61.8%, 38.2%, and 23.6% finds its application in stock charts. Fibonacci analysis can be applied when there is a noticeable up-move or down-move in prices. Whenever the stock moves either upwards or downwards sharply, it usually tends to retrace back before its next move. For example if the stock has run up from Rs.50 to Rs.100, then it is likely to retrace back to probably Rs.70, before it can move Rs.120.
‘The retracement level forecast’ is a technique using which one can identify upto which level retracement can happen. These retracement levels provide a good opportunity for the traders to enter new positions in the direction of the trend. The Fibonacci ratios i.e 61.8%, 38.2%, and 23.6% helps the trader to identify the possible extent of the retracement. The trader can use these levels to position himself for trade.
Have a look at the chart below:
I’ve encircled two points on the chart, at Rs.380 where the stock started its rally and at Rs.489, where the stock prices peaked.
I would now define the move of 109 (380 – 489) as the Fibonacci upmove. As per the Fibonacci retracement theory, after the upmove one can anticipate a correction in the stock to last up to the Fibonacci ratios. For example, the first level up to which the stock can correct could be 23.6%. If this stock continues to correct further, the trader can watch out for the 38.2% and 61.8% levels.
Notice in the example shown below, the stock has retraced up to 61.8%, which coincides with 421.9, before it resumed the rally.
We can arrive at 421 by using simple math as well –
Total Fibonacci up move = 109
61.8% of Fibonacci up move = 61.8% * 109 = 67.36
Retracement @ 61.8% = 489- 67.36 = 421.6
Likewise, we can calculate for 38.2% and the other ratios. However one need not manually do this as the software will do this for us.
Here is another example where the chart has rallied from Rs.288 to Rs.338. Therefore 50 points move makes up for the Fibonacci upmove. The stock retraced back 38.2% to Rs.319 before resuming its up move.
The Fibonacci retracements can also be applied to stocks that are falling, in order to identify levels upto which the stock can bounce back. In the chart below (DLF Limited), the stock started to decline from Rs.187 to Rs. 120.6 thus making 67 points as the Fibonacci down move.
After the down move, the stock attempted to bounce back retracing back to Rs.162, which is the 61.8% Fibonacci retracement level.


It’s Tuesday, and we’re back with a brand new episode! Our guest is Kassia Devorsey, a data and analytics consultant. Kass has previously worked for the Democratic National Committee as well as President Obama’s re-election campaign. Listen to us chat about modeling, big data in politics, and scary MIT robots.
Today’s Google Doodle honors Emmy Noether, a mathematician who made groundbreaking contributions to the fields of abstract algebra and theoretical physics. Lindsay and I started this blog/podcast because we wanted to showcase the work of women in STEM (whatever fields that definition may or may not encompass). As we’re interviewing our wonderful and brilliant guests, […]
What does STEM really mean, anyway? Mumu and I keep trying to answer this question as we talk to more women and record more episodes. Directly translated, STEM is just an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, but it has so much weight in social conversations now and those four words leave out so […]
“So what is it that you do?” I get asked this question all the time… even from grad school friends who have known me for years. Take a look at the doodles currently on my walls. Who said math can’t be colorful AND fun? Nerd alert: For those of you are curious, the symbols in […]


THE 1993 WOLF FOUNDATION PRIZE IN PHYSICS
The Prize Committee for Physics has unanimously decided that the Prize for 1993 be awarded to:
Benoit B. Mandelbrot
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
Yorktown Heights, N.Y., USA
by recognizing the widespread occurrence of fractals and developing mathematical tools for describing them, he has changed our view of nature.
Dr. Benoit B. Mandelbrot´s work has opened up an entirely new field of scientific endeavour. Starting with his classic 1967 paper, 'How Long is the Coast of Britain? Self Similarity and Fractional Dimension', Mandelbrot has concerned himself with complex structures that appear to repeat themselves when examined on successively finer and finer scales. He has extensively developed the concept of non-integral dimensions,
earlier considered a mathematical abstraction, and has shown that they can have real physical meaning and practical application. His research has opened up quantitative methods for the study of intricate realistic geometries and has transformed our view of nature.
The idea of statistical self-similarity, involving structures that Mandelbrot has termed 'fractals', has been successfully applied to diverse fields of research including aggregates and amorphous materials, fluid turbulence, percolation, clouds, galaxies, computer color graphics, maps and landscapes, white noise and random notion, catalysts, complex proteins, and even economics.
For his single-handed initiation of a new field of science, for recognizing the implications and applications to physics and to other scientific disciplines, and for developing the mathematical tools appropriate to these studies, it is unanimously recommended that Benoit B. Mandelbrot be awarded the Physics Prize for 1993.


Essential Tips That Will Enable Your Child Become Pro In Mathematics.
In this age and era, students in schools have been performing lowly and poorly in the mathematics subject and this has been accelerated by as number of factors that make the either hate the subject or find it difficult with a lot of tricks to unravel. There are numerous tricks and methods of passing and excelling in mathematics that you should be aware of in your high school life and this article will guide you in knowing some of them so that you can shift from bottom to top in mathematics performance.
In high school mathematics course, you are required to have knowledge of using the logarithm calculators that have been availed by the education sector and required by the curriculum developers as they will enhance you to have insight and knowledge of solving problems related to calculations and number operations. In mathematics,. There are tables that details operations for conducting basic operations on logarithm calc and you need to be verse on them and be able to do any simple tangent, cosine or sin operations and tabulations that may be asked.
The presence of your course books and mathematics revision and logarithm booklets are a step forward in the knowledge of mathematics and you need to avail them for you to get numerous calculations and past questions with their responses that will guide you in coaching yourself. Mathematics can’t be learned without the assistance and advice from mathematics counselors and teachers and they ought to be listened and followed as they know every trick and formulae of doing any type of calculation and getting solution to any operations.
It’s also important to note that group works and team works with other learners offers thought-of assistance and understanding of mathematics as they can show you
where they know and you don’t know and this equips you with advanced knowledge of basic logarithm calculations. For you to be an ardent mathematics reader and learner with insight, it’s vital to have a dedicated heart full of positive mind so that you can see every operation as easy and therefore grasp them instantly that will save your time and enable you to excel.
You can check for more details on how to succeed and excel in mathematics on the digital platform where the prominent mathematicians operates their blogs and website with updates on basic logarithm formulae that assist learners to grasp all the operation in mathematics and therefore succeed. It’s advisable to practice mathematics concepts to make them stick in your mind and make you succeed in mathematics life.


The time series analysis is based on the assumption that the underline time series is stationary or can make stationary by differencing it 1 or more times. This is known as the ARIMA (p, d, q) model where d denotes the number of times a time series has to be differenced to make it stationary 'Time' is the most important factor which ensures success in a business. It's difficult to keep up with the pace of time. But, technology has developed some powerful methods using which we can 'see things' ahead of time. Don't worry, I am not talking about Time Machine. Let's be. Step-by-Step Graphic Guide to Forecasting through ARIMA Modeling using R - Manufacturing Case Study Example (Part 4) · Roopam Upadhyay 174 Comments This article is a continuation of our manufacturing case study example to forecast tractor sales through time series and ARIMA models Time Series Analysis step by step. Step1: Plot the time series. Find any pattern or abnormality. Simply, a plot can say about many features of the series- whether it. Step 1: Making Data Stationary Time series involves the use of data that are indexed by equally spaced increments of time (minutes, hours, days, weeks, etc.). Due to the discrete nature of time series data, many time series data sets have a seasonal and/or trend element built into the data
STEP 6: Trasformation in log(x+1) (because of zero's values in time series) With the group_by function, for each product/time series I transform the time serie of the Training Set in log(ts +1). In that way, I can calculate the logarithm for each observation of my time series, even for that observation where I put zero at STEP 1 Time-Series Analysis 18-1 18.1 General Purpose and Description Time-series analysis is used when observations are made repeatedly over 50 or more time periods. Sometimes the observations are from a single case, but more often they are aggregate scores from many cases. For example, the scores might represent the daily number of temper tantrums.
Viewing time series analysis as something that is susceptible to a recipe-like approach is probably a sign that you need to get someone else to do it. I've been a professional statistician for 25 years and I wouldn't do time series analysis on my own - I'd get someone else I am further assuming that you are going to analyze a time series one at a time. Step 1: Create a .dat file of your raw data by saving the variable in a single column (from a spreadsheet, for example). Step 2: Read it into R using the scan command. (Note: there are obviously other means to read in data, this is not meant to be a full R tutorial) Time series data are data points collected over a period of time as a sequence of time gap. Time series data analysis means analyzing the available data to find out the pattern or trend in the data to predict some future values which will, in turn, help more effective and optimize business decisions
Is it reasonable to use Pearson correlation on time-series data? Pearson analysis to time series could very easily lead you to get an absolutely incorrect conclusions if your time series are a. Step 6 Select Rec_goods. Click on Time Series Plot. You should see a graph that looks like this. The jagged black line is the actual series, and the red line is the smoothed line showing the deseasonalised trend. You can see that the trend is going up gradually, and then levelling out. The actual series has a very regular pattern to it. There. Time Series Modelling 1. Plot the time series. Look for trends, seasonal components, step changes, outliers. 2. Transform data so that residuals are stationary. (a) Estimate and subtract Tt,St. (b) Differencing. (c) Nonlinear transformations (log, √ ·). 3. Fit model to residuals. 4
More than one time series Functional Data Scatterplot smoothing Smoothing splines Kernel smoother - p. 6/12 Two-stage regression Step 1: Fit linear model to unwhitened data. Step 2: Estimate ˆ with ˆb. Step 3: Pre-whiten data using ˆb- reﬁt the model Automated Time Series Forecasting Made Easy with R offers a practical tutorial that uses hands-on examples to step through real-world applications using clear and practical case studies. Through this process it takes you on a gentle, fun and unhurried journey to creating your own models to forecast time series data This guide will teach you to perform financial statement analysis of the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement including margins, ratios, growth, liquiditiy, leverage, rates of return and profitability. See examples and step-by-step instruction that's useful when comparing time series data. Analysts are able to deduce.
I am currently working on ARMA+GARCH model using R. I am looking out for example which explain step by step explanation for fitting this model in R. I have time series which is stationary and I am trying to predict n period ahead value Calling 'Prophet' to forecast the time series data in Exploratory is actually super simple. Let's take at look at step by step. Grab the data. I'm going to use this data set called 'Venture Capital investments by Industry' from Quandl and try to forecast the investments for the next few years for each industry Welcome to Azure Time Series Insights. Azure Time Series Insights provides powerful data exploration and telemetry tools to help you refine operational analysis. The documentation describes the many features of the service, how to get started, and the powerful Time Series Insights APIs
Time series data is data collected over time for a single or a group of variables. For this kind of data the first thing to do is to check the variable that contains the time or date range and make sure is the one you need: yearly, monthly, quarterly, daily, etc. The next step is to verify it is in the correct format The book is appropriate both for new Stata users and for experienced users who are new to time-series analysis. Chapter 1 provides a mild yet fast-paced introduction to Stata, highlighting all the features a user needs to know to get started using Stata for time-series analysis
A basic introduction to Time Series for beginners and a brief guide to Time Series Analysis with code examples implementation in R. Time Series Analysis is the technique used in order to analyze time series and get insights about meaningful information and hidden patterns from the time series data Dataset to fit an ARIMA model to a time series. An Excel sheet with both the data and the results can be downloaded by clicking on the button below: Download the data The data have been obtained in [Box, G.E.P. and Jenkins, G.M. (1976). Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control 1.4 Time Series Analysis - Manufacturing Case Study Example PowerHorse, a tractor and farm equipment manufacturing company, was established a few years after World War II. The company has shown a consistent growth in its revenue from tractor sales since its inception FIWARE Step-by-Step. This is a collection of tutorials for the FIWARE system. Each tutorial consists of a series of exercises to demonstrate the correct use of individual FIWARE components and shows the flow of context data within a simple Smart Solution either by connecting to a series of dummy IoT devices or manipulating the context directly or programmatically Contents• What is a Time Series• Applications of Time Series Analysis• Time series model building & Forecasting Methodologies • TCSI Method Venkat Reddy Data Analysis Course • Components of time series • Goodness of fit • Forecasting using TCSI model • ARIMA • Main steps in ARIMA • Goodness of fit • Forecasting using ARIMA.
How to perform Analysis of Financial Statements. This guide will teach you to perform financial statement analysis of the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement including margins, ratios, growth, liquiditiy, leverage, rates of return and profitability. See examples and step-by-step instructio Time-series Econometrics: Cointegration and Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity 1. Introduction Empirical research in macroeconomics as well as in ﬁnancial economics is largely based on time series. Ever since Economics Laureate Trygve Haavelmo's work it has been standard to view economic time series as realizations of stochastic. for empirical time series analysis. There were several reasons motivating this concern: (1) I discovered thatwhena researcher cameto mefor adviceontimeseries analysis, I could do him the most good by (in addition to telling him which formulas to use) makingavailable to hima computerprogram for carrying out the analysis Time series clustering is to partition time series data into groups based on similarity or distance, so that time series in the same cluster are similar. For time series clustering with R, the first step is to work out an appropriate distance/similarity metric, and then, at the second step, use.
The following is a list of tutorials which are ideal for both beginners and advanced analytics professionals. It's a step by step guide to learn statistics with popular statistical tools such as SAS, R. and Python (It is not shown, but worthy to note that trend=time(x) is not significant in this regression and x is not changing over time.) Step 2: Examine the AR structure of the residuals. Following are the ACF and PACF of the residuals. It looks like the errors from Step 1 have an AR(1) structure .e. predicting) the next value(s) in a time series. A time series is a sequence of observations y 1, , y n.We usually think of the subscripts as representing evenly spaced time intervals (seconds, minutes, months, seasons, years, etc.) Time Series Analysis - Lagged Correlation and R-Squared This article shows how to use MAQL to analyze time-lagged correlations and R 2 values between two time series
. A time series of AirPassengers is used below as an example to demonstrate time series decomposition. In the above figure, the first chart is the original time series, the second is trend. This article will outline the step-by-step process for creating future month forecasts based upon a simple time-series forecasting model. This forecasting primer will provide you with the calculations you need to analyze historical information and create forecasts manually or with the aid of spreadsheets The present introduction to time series regression focuses on the basic design and estimation of economic time series. The method is limited to regression analysis leading to understanding the principles of time series analysis. The book is designed for work with a data set. The way to learn time series is to begin estimating an model The series is broken into four parts: python, math and statistics, basic financial concepts related to investment and financial time series analysis. We not only introduce the concepts but also show you how to apply the introduced techniques step by step using Python code snippets
Introduction to Time Series Using Stata, by Sean Becketti, provides a practical guide to working with time-series data using Stata and will appeal to a broad range of users. The many examples, concise explanations that focus on intuition, and useful tips based on the author's decades of experience. Example 1: Find the forecast for the next five terms in the time series from Example 1 of Real Statistics ARMA Data Analysis Tool based on the ARIMA(2,1,1) model without constant term. Figure 1 - Forecast for ARIMA(2,1,1) model. The table on the left side is calculated exactly as in Figure 3 of Real Statistics ARMA Data Analysis Tool. The. I wrote this book to provide a step-by-step guide to essential time-series techniques— from the incredibly simple to the quite complex—and, at the same time, to demonstrate how these techniques can be applied in the Stata statistical package Once you have read the time series data into R, the next step is to store the data in a time series object in R, so that you can use R's many functions for analysing time series data. To store the data in a time series object, we use the ts() function in R The Multiple Regression Analysis and Forecasting template provides a solid basis for identifying value drivers and forecasting time series data. While it utilizes a range of commonly employed statistical measures to test the validity of the analysis, results are summarized in text for ease of use
uses R for its examples. Venables and Ripley  include a chapter on time series analysis in S (both R and S-PLUS dialects), mostly using examples from Diggle . Good introductions to the concepts of time series analysis are Diggle  for biological applications, Box  for forecasting and control, Hipel and McLeo Now, let us follow the steps explained to build an ARIMA model in R. There are a number of packages available for time series analysis and forecasting. We load the relevant R package for time series analysis and pull the stock data from yahoo finance . We'll study the decompose( ) function in R. As a decomposition function, it takes a time series as a parameter and decomposes it into seasonal, trend and random time series. We'll reproduce step-by-step the decompose( ) function in R to understand how it works ARIMA: How to Avoid the Herd When Analyzing Time Series Data. Getting the right information out of time series data requires skill and experience, and perhaps inspiration and intuition, too. This article discusses how to analyze time series data using some more sophisticated tools which are often not covered in basic statistical training programs How to Perform a Time Study Since the emergence of Taylorism in the 1880's (a system of scientific management developed by Frederick W. Taylor), industrial production has been broken down into its most basic elements to obtain the greatest efficiency. To obtain this level of efficiency, one must analyze all of these basic elements t
Among these are the Engle and Granger 2-step approach, estimating their ECM in one step and the vector-based VECM using Johansen's method. Engle and Granger 2-step approach. The first step of this method is to pretest the individual time series one uses in order to confirm that they are non-stationary in the first place Basic Objectives of the Analysis. The basic objective usually is to determine a model that describes the pattern of the time series. Uses for such a model are: To describe the important features of the time series pattern. To explain how the past affects the future or how two time series can interact. To forecast future values of the series
Here is a step by step guide on how to build the Hierarchical Clustering and Dendrogram out of our time series using SciPy. Please note that also scikit-learn (a powerful data analysis library built on top of SciPY) has many other clustering algorithms implemented A TUTORIAL FOR PANEL DATA ANALYSIS WITH STATA . This small tutorial contains extracts from the help files/ Stata manual which is available from the web. It is intended to help you at the start. Hint: During your Stata sessions, use the help function at the top of the screen as often as you can. The descriptions and instructions there given ca Introduction to Time Series Analysis. Lecture 9. Peter Bartlett Last lecture: 1. Forecasting and backcasting. The innovations representation for the one-step. The author: Provides step-by-step directions on how to apply EViews software to time series data analysis Offers guidance on how to develop and evaluate alternative empirical models, permitting the most appropriate to be selected without the need for computational formulae Examines a variety of times series models, including continuous growth.
Many of you must have come across this famous quote by Neils Bohr, a Danish physicist. Prediction is the theme of this blog post. In this post, we will cover the popular ARIMA forecasting model to predict returns on a stock and demonstrate a step-by-step process of... The post Forecasting Stock Returns using ARIMA model appeared first on Step 1) download and unzip the package. Step 2) copy all the files & folders included in the unzipped package into the current working directory of Matlab*. * To find out the current working directory, please type pwd in the Matlab command line. Step 3) Type TSAF in the command line. Step 4) Enjoy it UNIT ROOT TESTS, COINTEGRATION, ECM, VECM, AND CAUSALITY MODELS Compiled by Phung Thanh Binh1 (SG - 30/11/2013) EFA is destroying the brains of current generation's researchers in this country. Please stop it as much as you can. Thank you. The aim of this lecture is to provide you with the key concepts of time series econometrics
set of all possible realizations of a time series process plays the role of the population in cross-sectional analysis. 10.2 EXAMPLES OF TIME SERIES REGRESSION MODELS In this section, we discuss two examples of time series models that have been useful in empirical time series analysis and that are easily estimated by ordinary least squares A practical Time -Series Tutorial with MATLAB Michalis Vlachos IBM T.J . Watson Research Center Hawthorne, NY, 10532 Tutorial | Time-Series with Matlab 2 About this tutorial The goal of this tutorial is to show you that time-series research (or research in general) can be made fun, when it involves visualizing ideas, that can be achieved with. Estimation step‐by‐step * Estimating the DID estimator reg y time treated did, r * The coefficient for 'did' is the differences-in-differences estimator. The effect is significant at 10% with the treatment having a negative effect. _cons 3.58e+08 7.61e+08 0.47 0.640 -1.16e+09 1.88e+0 If so, you're using time series! A time series is when you measure the same variable at regular intervals. They occur everywhere in data science. R has several great packages that are built specifically to handle time series data. This How-To walks through a time series analysis in R using Dataiku DSS
First introduced by Elastic a year ago, Kibana's Timelion is another step in closing the gap between Kibana and Grafana. Both these visualization tools have their own strengths and weaknesses (see this comparison), but one aspect that Kibana falls short is in time series analysis and visualization. Time series modeling and forecasting has fundamental importance to various practical domains. Thus a lot of active research works is going on in this subject during several years. Many important models have been proposed in literature for improving the accuracy and effeciency of time series modeling and forecasting time series, meaning that each case represents a time point, with successive cases separated by a constant time interval stationarity. Time series analysis san francisco state university, there are numerous software programs that will analyze time series, such as spss, jmp, and sas/ets the first step in any time series analysis is t Introduction to Time Series Analysis: Lecture 1 Lecture by: Prof. Illia Horenko One can prove: Every step of this algorithm improves the result (in sense of making 1 Models for time series 1.1 Time series data A time series is a set of statistics, usually collected at regular intervals. Time series data occur naturally in many application areas. • economics - e.g., monthly data for unemployment, hospital admissions, etc. • ﬁnance - e.g., daily exchange rate, a share price, etc


At St Luke's, we follow the new curriculum (2014) for Numeracy across Key Stage 1 and 2. The new curriculum has three main aims. These are to ensure that all pupils will:
- be fluent in the fundamentals of mathematics. Pupils have a solid understanding of increasingly complex mathematical problems and are able to solve them quickly and accurately.
- reason mathematically. Pupils can identify mathematical relationships and connections for themselves and justify their decision-making.
- solve problems. Pupils can apply their skills and approach problems systematically, breaking them down into smaller steps where necessary.
A brief overview of the new curriculum and St Luke’s approach to it is outlined below. For more detail about the topics covered in each year group, please consult the Numeracy section of the new National Curriculum document, available at:
A yearly breakdown of the objectives covered is also available here:
Year 1 objectives Year 2 objectives Year 3 objectives Year 4 objectives Year 5 objectives Year 6 objectives
Key Stage 1 (Years 1 and 2)
The main focus of mathematics teaching in Years 1 and 2 is to make sure that pupils develop a confident and fluent understanding of whole numbers, counting and place value. At this stage, children use a range of measures to describe and compare different quantities such as length, weight, capacity/volume, time and money. The children’s conceptual understanding of numbers is developed through the use of images, numerals, words and physical objects such as coins, watches and shapes.
*By the end of Year 2, pupils should know all number bonds to twenty and understand place value in preparation for applying these skills in Key Stage 2.
Lower Key Stage 2 (Years 3 and 4)
The main focus of mathematics teaching in Years 3 and 4 is to ensure that pupils are fluent in dealing with whole numbers and their interactions with the four numeric operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division). The emphasis is on pupils developing efficient methods of calculation, both mental and written, and confidence when working with increasingly large numbers.
At this stage, pupils are developing their ability to solve a variety of problems, including simple fractions and understanding decimal place values. In addition, pupils should be analysing shapes and their respective properties, confidently describing the relationships between these shapes, and using measuring instruments with accuracy.
*By the end of Year 4, times tables up to 12x12 should be memorised.
Upper Key Stage 2 (Years 5 and 6)
The main focus of mathematics teaching in Years 5 and 6 is to ensure that pupils extend their understanding of the number system and place value to include larger integers (whole numbers). This, in turn, influences the pupils’ application of their multiplication and division knowledge to more complex problems involving fractions, decimals, percentages and ratio.
At this stage, pupils should develop their ability to solve a wider range of problems, including problems demanding efficient written and mental methods of calculation. Building on the foundations laid in Years 1 to 4, children are introduced to the language of algebra as a means to solve problems. Teaching also builds upon the children’s existing knowledge of geometry (shape and space), allowing pupils to classify shapes with increasingly complex geometric properties.
*By the end of Year 6, pupils should be fluent in written methods for all four operations, including long multiplication and division, and in working with fractions, decimals and percentages.
At St Luke's we have subscribed to Pearson Education's 'Abacus' Scheme of Work which runs from Year 1 to Year 6. Abacus orders the curriculum in such a way that different Numeracy ‘strands’ (such as number and place value, geometry, mental calculation and statistics) are taught in cycles throughout the year. In this way, topics are taught and consolidated, then revised and built upon later in the year. This teaching method enables pupils to learn new skills and utilise them throughout the year, helping them to embed and expand upon their skill-set. Abacus also provides pupils with a ‘Learning Platform’, an online page of tailored activities set by individual teachers for pupils to complete. These platforms will be used increasingly to set targeted homework activities for children.
The Teaching of Maths in St Luke's
To supplement the teaching of Maths in school and to enable the children to develop a sound understanding of Maths, we have also subscribed to the NCETM, White Rose, Hamilton Trust, Twinkl, TES and use other non-subscription websites, such as NRich, and textbooks to provide both our pupils and teachers with a wealth of resources to develop their enquiry, reasoning and problem solving skills. With our intention to raise the profile of Maths across school, we have also developed a strategy for the Teaching of Maths in St Luke's to ensure that fluency, reasoning, problem solving, mastery and greater depth are embedded within our curriculum. In this, rigorous use of assessment for learning is employed to ensure that work is appropriately pitched and sufficiently challenging to ensure pupil progress. Hence, pupils become masters, learning Maths at greater depth and achieving end of year expectations.
Addition and Subtraction Strategies Multiplication and Division Strategies Times Table Songs
Priorities for 2017/2018 Calculations Policy Maths Policy
Starter of the Day
Yearly Overviews: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Vision for September 2017 and Beyond
At St Luke's, we are always looking to improve our practice to ensure that learners achieve their full potential. It is with this in mind, that we look to fully implement the Teaching of Maths in St Luke's strategy and the White Rose Scheme of work in school from September 2017. This will ensure that the aims of the Maths curriculum are achieved as well as promoting mastery and greater depth as the basis of all our teaching and learning. As a result, Abacus textbooks will be used where necessary as a supplement to the White Rose Curriculum. We are also looking towards MyMaths as a new platform for online learning and homework. More information regarding this will follow soon.


Sorry for the clickbaity title. Saving is absolutely important, but the savings rate is not that important.
Sometimes I see people get hung up on the definition of savings rate. There's the 50/20/30 rule, which recommends putting 50% of your paycheck towards your "essentials", 20% towards savings, and 30% towards wants. Then there's people like Mr. Money Mustache who recommend 50%+ savings. These are all fine recommendations, but when you get down to it, there's not a single agreed upon definition of what savings rate actually is. Big ERN came up with four different savings rates. I'm sure if you poll more personal finance bloggers you'd come up with more defintions.
As weird as this is for me to say, as a person who loves getting into the math, don't get hung up on the definition of savings rate. What really matters is why you want to know your savings rate. Is it to track your savings rate over time? Then just pick a formula that seems reasonable to you, and keep using it. Is it to use someone else's calculation on how many years you have left before reaching financial independence? Well you better use their definition of savings rate. Is it to compare yourself to others? Then you had better agree on the savings rate (though I'd recommend not comparing yourself to others, and looking at whether you're meeting your own goals).
Fortunately, you don't even need to actually calculate the savings rate as a percentage to calculate how many years you have left until financial independence. All you really need is the savings you have now, the amount per year you're going to save in the future, an estimate of the growth of your savings, and your estimated annual expenses upon retirement. These are all absolute dollar figures, not percentages. This is not to say that you can't use a savings rate to figure out your time to FI—it's very useful to say in broad strokes that if you save 64% of your income, you'll probably hit FI in 10.9 years if you're starting at $0 net worth . But don't get all caught up in what goes in the numerator or denominator of savings rate when you don't actually need it.


I have quite a scpecific question concerning the Tone Response Curves formula :
Luminance = Contrast x (value)^(gamma) + black level[/code] I have a good idea of what the black leve term means, but I have more problems with the Contrast term : does it correspond to the contrast given by the formula [code] (Lmax-Lmin) / Lmin
or is it calculated in an other way?
I have some measures I have tried to match using these equations, but it did not work properly.
I would be very thankful if someone could help me a bit, because I can’t seem to find the answer on the internet
Thanks in advance.


First let’s make some dummy data with training examples and labels and test examples some approximate labels. I chose 2 classes based on x and y coordinates (one is more on the positive side, the other – negative).
X_train = [ [1, 1], [1, 2], [2, 4], [3, 5], [1, 0], [0, 0], [1, -2], [-1, 0], [-1, -2], [-2, -2] ] y_train = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2] X_test = [ [5, 5], [0, -1], [-5, -5] ] y_test = [1, 2, 2]
Right, supervised KNN works by finding the numerically “closest” neighbors and seeing what those neighbors classes are like. Then taking the one that’s more popular among the n neighbors and saying that’s most probably the class for the data point you’re asking about.
One of the ways to calculate the “distance” is to do just that – calculate the distance with Euclidean distance from geometry. The formula looks like this for two points with two parameters A(a1, a2) and B(b1, b2) :
It can work with many more features not just two, you just keep summing the corresponding squared subtractions one after the other.
Euclidean distance in code
In code it would look like this:
import math def euclidean_dist(A, B): return math.sqrt(sum([(A[i]-B[i])**2 for i, _ in enumerate(A)]) )
The function euclidean_dist takes as input two points regardless of how many features they have and outputs the Euclidean distance.
KNN in code
Now we just have to find the distance from each test set element to all of the training set elements and get the most popular class in the n closest neighbor classes. Here function knn does that.
def knn(X_train, y_train, X_test, k=1): y_test =  for test_row in X_test: eucl_dist = [euclidean_dist(train_row, test_row) for train_row in X_train] sorted_eucl_dist = sorted(eucl_dist) closest_knn = [eucl_dist.index(sorted_eucl_dist[i]) for i in xrange(0, k)] if k > 1 else [eucl_dist.index(min(eucl_dist))] closest_labels_knn = [y_train[x] for x in closest_knn] y_test.append(get_most_common_item(closest_labels_knn)) return y_test
Finally, we need a helper function to find the most popular item in an array. I chose a solution where I put the class as a key in a dictionary and keep increasing the value for the key to count occurrences:
from collections import defaultdict from operator import itemgetter def get_most_common_item(array): count_dict = defaultdict(int) for key in array: count_dict[key] += 1 key, count = max(count_dict.iteritems(), key=itemgetter(1)) return key
Now we can test this out with our custom dataset setting neighbor count to 2:
print knn(X_train, y_train, X_test, k=2) # output: [1, 1, 2]
And we can see that this somewhat matched my imagined labels [1, 2, 2].
You can find the whole core on my Github repository or here below:


Workshop « Mathematical and Computational Models in Music », en ligne, 28 juin au 1er juillet 2021.
« The Workshop “Mathematical and computational models in music” will be held in mixed mode (face-to-face and online). This is the second appointment organized at the University of Pavia dedicated to mathematical-musical research, three years after the first. The talks will be dedicated to the discussion and dissemination of recent research results in Mathematical and Computational Theory in Music. The workshop is aimed at mathematicians, computer scientists, composers, music theorists, musicologists and anyone with an interest in this interdisciplinary research field. […]The workshop is organized by the Department of Mathematics “F. Casorati” of the University of Pavia (Italy), by the University of Padua in collaboration with the University of Strasbourg. »
Pour plus de détails : cliquez ici.


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I give myself very good advice, but I very seldom follow it.
Non-trivial operation on data.table columns
This note explores the use of data.table package to calculate pairwise correlation between columns, with iris data set as example.
The iris data is now data.table-ized
To calculate the correlation between each pair of variables across the whole data set, a regular cor call is sufficient
If we want to calculate the correlation between each pair of variables within each Species, we can choose to partition by Species first, and repeat the call to cor(). If there are $k$ different species, we will need to investigate $k$ correlation matrices, each of which is of dimension $n\times n$.
Many times we are only interested in the correlation of one variable with the remaining. The desired output corresponds to one row (or column) of the correlation matrix. In most cases, calculating the whole matrix can be computationally expensive, and unnecessary. To calculate only the values of interest and get a correlation matrix by Species, there are several ways
Loop over the partitions of data set, calculate the correlation, and bind all the result together
The final binding can be done either with sapply, do.call(rbind), or do.call(cbind)
It is tempting to exploit the power of data.table group-by. However, I haven’t found a way to make it work in a reproducible manner.
For example, the code below attempts to apply a correlation function on (x,y), with x being the variables in the data set, and y is the target variable, but it could not subset the target variable correctl


Ooredoo Maldives, in partnership with the Ministry of Education and Women in Tech Maldives, has announced the Ooredoo STEM Fair, an interschool event where students will showcase their projects in the different STEM fields – science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The fair is scheduled to take place on March 2-3, 2023, at Izzudheen School Hall in Male, Maldives.
The objective of the Ooredoo STEM Fair is to promote the use of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics to solve real-world problems while creating awareness among the students in the STEM field. This fair will be an educational and motivating experience for the students to experience STEM subjects, learn from industry professionals and have the opportunity to showcase their creativity, innovative thinking, and technical skills.
“We believe in the importance of promoting STEM education among the youth in the Maldives. Ooredoo STEM Fair is an excellent opportunity for students to demonstrate their talents and ideas, learn from their peers, and get inspired by the innovations that are happening around them. We are excited to provide a platform for students to explore their interests in STEM fields and showcase their skills,” stated Ooredoo Maldives Chief Commercial Officer, Hussain Niyaz.
The Ooredoo STEM Fair promises to be a fun, engaging, and educational event for all participating students and visitors. It is open to the public, and everyone is invited to visit the fair.


Why do you have to study Statistics?
Statistics is a compulsory subject for all students in Key Stage 4. While studying Statistics, you will use mathematical skills and knowledge to solve problems; use logic and reasoning; break down problems into small steps in order to solve them and ultimately use the skills you learn to solve real life problems.
Statisticians are to be able to:
- effectively conduct research - without the use of statistics, it would be very difficult to interpret, analyse and apply data collected from research projects
- read journals - most technical journals contain statistics within their results section. An understanding of basic statistics will provide an individual with the fundamental skills necessary to read and evaluate such articles
- develop critical and analytical thinking skills - Through knowledge of basic and/or advanced statistical concepts, you will be in a better position to critically consider and evaluate any information you have been provided both within and out of school.
GCSE Statistics incorporates numerous examples of real life data and context building that can also be applied in other subject areas. The statistical enquiry cycle allows one to interpret and apply statistical techniques to a number of scenarios. There is a large cross over between content within Statistics and Mathematics and, therefore, success in one will support success in the other.
How will I be examined?
The course is 100% exam based over 2 papers. Both papers cover collection of data, processing, representing and analysing data and probability. The duration and weighting of each paper are:
- Paper 1: 1hr 30min - 50% of the GCSE
- Paper 2; 1hr 30mins - 50% of the GCSE.
What will I study?
GCSE Statistics covers a wide range of basic mathematical knowledge and skills, grouped into the following key areas:
- data collection
- processing, representing and analysing data
A range of content is explored under each overarching area, including
tabulation, statistical representation, sampling and summary statistics.
Recommended text books and additional reading
- Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Statistics Student Book
- Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Statistics Revision Guide
- Edexcel GCSE (9-1) Statistics Revision Workbook
Farhana Begum, Head of Statistics


Embedded Muse 39 Copyright 1999 TGG October 21, 1999
You may redistribute this newsletter for noncommercial purposes. For commercial use contact firstname.lastname@example.org.
EDITOR: Jack Ganssle, email@example.com
- Embedded Seminars in Chicago and Boston
- Floating Point Approximations
- Thought for the Week
- About The Embedded Muse
Embedded Seminars in Chicago and Boston
Iíll present the seminar "The Best Ideas for Developing Better Firmware FasterĒ in Chicago and Boston on November 8 and 9, 1999.
The focus is uniquely on embedded systems. I'll talk about ways to link the hardware and software, to identify and stamp out bugs, to manage risk, and to meet impossible deadlines. If youíre interested reserve early as these seminars fill completely.
For more information check out www.ganssle.com or email firstname.lastname@example.org.
A lot of folks have asked me to bring this seminar to their company. Email me at email@example.com if youíre interested.
Floating Point Approximations
I was surprised to find that one of my favorite programming books is no longer in print. "Computer Approximations" by J.F. Hart (John Wiley & Sons, 1968, ISBN 0-88275-642-7) is the bible of floating point approximations. Amazon.com claims they might be able to find used copies, and any decent university library will have a copy.
Hartís book gives polynomial solutions for all sorts of functions, including logs, trig, roots, etc. He also presents a number of variants, so you can select for a longer polynomial of high accuracy (and slower execution) or a shorter one that solves quickly but not so accurately. For instance, the COSINE function can be calculated to about 5 decimal digits of accuracy by:
Cos(x)=.9999932946 -.4999990534*x**2 + .0414877472*x**4 - .00127120948*x**6
Need more speed? Try the following which gives 3.2 digits of accuracy:
Cos(x)=.99940307 -.49558072*x**2 + .03679168*x**4
These approximations are valid for the range of 0 to 90 degrees. The argument ďxĒ is in radians.
He gives 46 different approximations for the cosine alone, with accuracies ranging from 2 to 23 decimal digits. For low resolution integer-only applications scale his coefficients to integers and save the space of lookup tables.
Consider square roots: most of us write these as iterative algorithms that eat up tons of execution time. All of Hartís square root algorithms (88 variants are presented) use polynomial solutions, that execute in more or less fixed times.
Iíve found references in runtime libraries to Hartís book going all the way back to the PDP-11 Fortran products from DEC 30 years ago. Itís the best source of algorithms for these sorts of problems.
Hart will frustrate some readers as he presents derivations that are deeply mathematical. I find the tables of polynomial coefficients tremendously useful though, and rarely bother with the math details.
Thought for the Week
Thad Badowski sent this gem along. I thought it was particularly useful considering the recent loss of the Mars Climate Observer spacecraft due to a metric conversion problem.
"Useful Metric Conversions"
Americans (defined as residents of the USA) frequently have problems with metric conversions. In an attempt to clarify the conversion process I now submit some "Useful Metric Conversions."
1 million microphones = 1 megaphone
2000 mockingbirds = two kilomockingbirds
10 cards = 1 decacards
1 millionth of a fish = 1 microfiche
453.6 graham crackers = 1 pound cake
1 trillion pins = 1 terrapin
10 rations = 1 decoration
100 rations = 1 C-ration
10 millipedes = 1 centipede
3 1/3 tridents = 1 decadent
2 monograms = 1 diagram
8 nickels = 2 paradigms
2 wharves = 1 paradox


All seafarer football matches registered by the Nordic seamen´s services will be counted in the Nordic series for football. The series season starts on the 1st of April and ends on the 31st of October.
The overall ranking system takes into account all the international matches played in every nordic country.
The new structure of the series also makes it easier than before to compare teams’ results. If a team aims at winning the whole series, the team must play at least 5 matches. Each win gives only 2 points which makes the series more exciting and equal for all teams.
A team’s ranking number is comparable to a basic school grading system. A team with a ranking number between 8 and 10 is very strong. A team with the ranking number from 5 to 7 is considered mediocre and ranking numbers from 0 to 4 are given to the weakest teams. If a team wins all its matches during the series season, the ranking number is 10. The school-based ranking system makes it easy to follow a certain team and also compare teams.
Team A gains the points 1-2-2-0 in it´s four first matches.The ranking number will then be counted 5/4 x 4=5.
When a team has played 5 or more matches the games played will no longer change the latter factor in the calculation. After 5 matches the formula is
(points / matches played) x 5.
Team B has gained the points 1-2-2-0-2-2-2-2-1 in nine matches. It´s final ranking number will be: (14 points / 9 games =1,55) x 5 = 7,78
Team C gains the points 1-0-2-2-2-2-2-0-0-1-2-0-2 after thirteen games. Its final ranking number will be (16 points /13 matches = 1,23) x5 = 6,15.
Team B (which has lost one match) will rank higher than team C (which has lost 3 matches)
Please note that both teams have five wins during the series.
The final ranking is decided by:


Big number problems
Long time ago, 16-bit integer is sufficient:
32,767. When 32-bit machines are getting popular, 32-bit integers become necessary. This data type can hold range from
2,147,483,647. Any integer with 9 or less digits can be safely computed using this data type. If you somehow must use the 10th digit, be careful of overflow. But man is very greedy, 64-bit integers are created, referred as programmers as long long data type or Int64 data type. It has an awesome range up that can covers 18 digits integers fully, plus the 19th digit partially
[-2^63-1 to 2^63-1] ~
9,223,372,036,854,775,807. Practically this data type is safe to compute most of standard arithmetic problems, except some problems.
Solve UVa problems related with Big Integer:
- 485 - Pascal Triangle of Death
- 495 - Fibonacci Freeze - plus Fibonacci
- 10007 - Count the Trees - plus Catalan formula
- 10183 - How Many Fibs - plus Fibonacci
- 10219 - Find the Ways ! - plus Catalan formula
- 10220 - I Love Big Numbers ! - plus Catalan formula
- 10303 - How Many Trees? - plus Catalan formula
- 10334 - Ray Through Glasses - plus Fibonacci
- 10519 - !!Really Strange!!
- 10579 - Fibonacci Numbers - plus Fibonacci
For those who don't know, in C, long long n is read using:
scanf("%lld",&n); and unsigned
long long n is read using:
scanf("%llu",&n); For 64 bit data:
typedef unsigned long long int64; int64 test_data=64000000000LL.
10219 - Find the Ways
In how many ways you can destroy
k slums out of
n slums! Suppose there are
10 slums and you are given the permission of destroying
5 slums, surly you can do it in
252 ways, which is only a
3 digit number, Your task is to find out the digits.