Framerate Independent Interpolation:
So one of my favorite math tricks is simple damping. Say you have a moving object that you want to apply some drag to. The easy way to do it is to multiply the velocity of the object by a number slightly less than 1.0 each frame:
speed = speed*0.99
Despite the simplicity, this is a pretty good approximation of drag. The faster the object is moving, the faster it will slow down. Using a similar method, you can smooth out noisy input data or target positions for an object to follow:
value = lerp(value, targetValue, 0.1)
Each time this is called, value will move closer to targetValue, and the greater the difference, the faster it will converge.
Both of these suffer from a major problem. The damping value used is highly dependent on the framerate. If you call it once per frame and the framerate slows way down, so will the movement. That’s not good at all! You can always call it at a fixed rate, but that’s not alway convenient. Fortunately with a little extra math, you can fix this problem completely.
value = lerp(value, targetValue, pow(0.1, dt))
Where ‘dt’ is the time that has passed since you last called it. Before you were simply moving 10% of the way towards the target value each frame, now you are moving 10% per second. This is much better, and won’t get messed up when your framerate fluctuates.
Another related trick that I really like is logarithmic interpolation. A mistake that I often see in games is when they do something like this:
scale = lerp(scale, targetScale, 0.1)
Scale, zooming, and sound frequencies are not really perceived as linear quantities, and lerping between them will just seem off. The problem gets worse the greater the ratio between scale and targetScale. The correct way to interpolate such values is to do it logarithmicly. Basically, like this:
scale = exp(lerp(log(scale), log(targetScale), 0.1)
Use linear interpolation on the values after converting them to logarithmic values, then use
exp() to convert the logarithmic value back. That’s a lot of expensive math functions to call however! If you remember your log and power rules, you can simplify that to a single pow() call instead:
scale = scale*pow(targetScale/scale, 0.1)
You can combine this with the framerate independence trick from above too. Add these tricks to your math library and give them a whirl.


Leslie, 1993, Is "Group Size" the Best Measure of Accuracy?
Is "Group Size" the Best Measure of Accuracy?, John "Jack" E. Leslie III, 1993. Notes:
- Extreme Spread: Maximum distance between any two shots in group. Note that this effectively only uses two data points.
- Figure of Merit (FOM): Average of the maximum horizontal group spread and the maximum vertical group spread. This uses only 2-4 data points depending on the group.
- Mean Radius: Average distance to center of group for all shots.
- Radial Standard Deviation: Sqrt (Horizontal Variance + Vertical Variance).
- Found military using RSD and Mean Radius as early a 1918.
Monte Carlo analysis shows sample RSD to be most accurate predictor of accuracy, followed closely by Mean Radius. I.e., they can distinguish between loads of different inherent accuracy more accurately and using fewer shots.


So everyone is doing the flashback of 2011 thing.
I’m so not doing that. In summary.
Six months of prep
Ate some food. Drank some wine
Ran a 10K…. with no training (… again)
So let’s do some math.
I did this for prep and everyone thought I was crazy, so the math for a full year should be interesting.
6 months of prep = ten egg whites a day = 1820 egg whites
6 months off season/new prep = 10-12 egg whites a day = 2002 egg whites
Total egg whites for the year = 3822
… That’s 318.5 dozen eggs
Ummm…. if you do the grocery math that’s about 700$ of eggs.
That’s a new pair of Choos… .or a pair of Louboutins.
If that doesn’t show how much I want this then the math on 2011 was a total waste and y’all just don’t get me.
Last night the new training plan arrived in my inbox. New years day is my off day so it all begins on January 2nd…. again.
And deadlifts are back in the plan. Let’s see how fast I can hit 225 shall we!?
Happy New Year everyone!


Land Trust Plan 2014-2015 - Report
Monies from the Land Trust ($18,500) were used to purchase two additional periods of math classes, as well as to provide math tutors. The goal was to raise the percent proficient on the SAGE math test by two points. Results from the SAGE summative math scores indicate that the percent of students proficient in Math 7 raised from 45% in 2014 to 47% in 2015. The percent of students proficient in Math 8 raised from 37% in 2014 to 40% in 2015. These were the two areas in which we purchased an additional math period. We did reach our goal in these two areas.
Two teachers were also paid for providing extra time for tutoring. We think this extra time also contributed to our successes in the SAGE results.


One of my goals as a kindergarten teacher is to give our kids a really good, solid understanding of number sense and -- just as importantly -- to have fun with math. The U.S. lags behind in math scores compared to the rest of the world, and there is a large gap between how boys and girls perform on math skills when they are older. While the reasons for those gaps are complicated and controversial, I do think that teachers can fight against these trends by helping kids learn to love math, not be intimidated by it. Here are some examples of what we've been doing in math lately - both to help develop number sense, and to have fun doing math!
How Big is a King's Foot? Using Standard and Non-Standard Measurement
We started off by reading the book How Big is a King's Foot? which is the story of a long ago king who ordered a bed to be made for his queen. Unfortunately, he told the carpenter to make it three feet wide and six feet long - but the king's foot happened to be much larger than the carpenter's foot, and the bed turned out way too small! So to avoid this problem, to this day, we use a standard "king's foot" to measure everything (aka 12 inches).
To help understand how big a "king's foot" is, each kindergartener got a ruler and searched the classroom for things that were approximately one foot. This was their first time using a ruler so we didn't worry about precise measurement - estimation is also an important math skill. Then we recorded the items that we found.
How Big are We?
The next day, we took the same ruler and measured our friends! This was definitely more challenging, since it required holding the ruler up to their leg, then putting our finger at the end of the ruler and moving the ruler up without moving our anchor finger. The kids were fascinated to know they were three or four feet tall. And every now and then someone yelled "He's seven feet tall!!" Needless to say measuring is a skill we will revisit many times...!
Teen Number Dance with Pennies
Our favorite math activity this week came after we began learning about the penny. I learned about a game that combines teen numbers, pennies, and dancing, so of course had to try it. After lining up chairs in a circle, I put on a kid-friendly dance song, and everyone danced in their most adorable way. Then when the music stopped, they had to find a chair, each of which were equipped with a piggy bank with a teen number on it. For example, the piggy bank might say "17¢" or "12¢." When they found a chair, they needed to count out that many pennies and put them in the piggy bank!
|Here we are dancing...Popular dance moves include the disco and the Egyptian.
|When the music stops, start counting!
|It was amazing, because you could have heard a pin drop while they were counting, they were so into it!
|And then, back to dancing!


By Ainsleigh Crisp
An event facilitated by women, for girls, Charles Sturt Universities inaugural Power of Engineering day welcomed Year 8 – 10 students for across the Central West to campus to learn about opportunities in STEM.
The event was hosted by CSU Engineering and brought together many well-known female engineering professionals for different areas in the industry. The event encouraged the girls in attendance to discover the different disciplines in engineering while having the opportunity to learn in an award winning study space.
While the course is still in it’s first year at CSU, the day aimed to show the girls that the industry isn’t only for males.
Lecturer in Engineering, Dr Andrea Goncher, said “One of the challenges of recruiting young women into engineering is helping them to see themselves as engineers”.
The program provided the girls with real-life problems for the students to solve while giving them the key tips you need for a career in engineering, collaborative work and human centered design.
They spent the day making soda straw rockets, floating clay boats and purifying water.
By attending days such as the Power of Engineering, students are opened up to the stimulating and valuable career that are available through studying STEM subjects.
Research into STEM has shown girls are less likely to choose subjects such as year 12 advanced math as they don’t feel comfortable studying with their males peers. Experts say the decrease in students entering STEM fields is recognised as a major default in the future of Australia’s knowledge-based economy.
Data from the Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute shows the proportion of students studying Year 12 Advanced Math has declined by 32 per cent from 1995 to 2015 with the proportion of girls studying the subject less than 7 per cent.
For most states across Australia, mathematics is not compulsory to study throughout your Higher School Certificate; in fact in the past 17 years the amount of students choosing to study math has dropped by more than 20 per cent.


Time Limit: 4 Sec Memory Limit: 512 MB
Anton likes permutations, especially he likes to permute their elements. Note that a permutation of elements is a sequence of numbers , in which every number from to appears exactly once.
One day Anton got a new permutation and started to play with it. He does the following operation times: he takes two elements of the permutation and swaps these elements. After each operation he asks his friend Vanya, how many inversions there are in the new permutation. The number of inversions in a permutation is the number of distinct pairs such that and .
Vanya is tired of answering Antons silly questions. So he asked you to write a program that would answer these questions instead of him.
Initially Antons permutation was , that is for all such that .
The first line of the input contains two integers and (, ) — the length of the permutation and the number of operations that Anton does.
Each of the following lines of the input contains two integers and () — the indices of elements that Anton swaps during the -th operation. Note that indices of elements that Anton swaps during the -th operation can coincide. Elements in the permutation are numbered starting with one.
Output lines. The -th line of the output is the number of inversions in the Antons permutation after the -th operation.
Sample Input #1:
Sample Output #1:
Consider the first sample.
After the first Antons operation the permutation will be . There is only one inversion in it: .
After the second Antons operation the permutation will be . There are four inversions: , , and .
After the fourth Antons operation the permutation doesnt change, so there are still three inversions.


If you love math and you need a role model, Michael Lacey should be on the top of the list. He is a leading figure in the field of mathematics because he has contributed a lot since he started teaching math in different institutions. The talented mathematician has stood out from the crowd with his specialty in the subject.
Michael Lacey can also be called visionary and has become famous for his love for mathematics. Many students and even scholars may not love the subject hence he is unique in the system of education.
Lacey attended a prestigious institution which is the Illinois University. He graduated in 1987, and since then he has been a role model to others who have pursued mathematics. He has also worked with Walter Philip who helped him to write a thesis in the area of Banach Spaces.
Michael Lacey has had an incredible career, and it started with him holding a position as an assistant professor at the Louisiana University. He worked here between 1987 and 1988.
It is from this rank of assistant professor that Michael Lacey got a lot of experience in teaching mathematics and became a successful scholar and started engaging in the facilitation duties. Later he went to another institution known as Chapel Hill where he taught for one full year.
Michael Lacey has taught many places successfully with one of such places being the University of Indiana at Bloomington. Read more: Michael Lacey | Wikipedia
He continued to gain experience as he worked as an associate professor at Georgia School of Technology. It is through such positions that Michael Lacey learned the ways of becoming a successful facilitator.
Being a mathematics teacher and a learner as well, he got the chance to talk to many students. He taught mathematics in various institutions, and that earned him respect, and he received many awards. His career became successful because of his love for math. He has been awarded different prizes including the following:
- A Postdoctoral Fellow
- The Prix Salem award which he was awarded jointly with Christoph
- Recognized in a public gathering in Germany for his continued work in mathematics
- Received the honorary award known as Guggenheim Fellow
Michael Lacey also takes part in various activities and is also known for being a philanthropist. He has worked hard to ensure that other students have a chance to learn mathematics and become successful. He has also contributed to various developments in society because he wants everyone to succeed in life.


by boxplot Dec 27, 2018 7:43 pm
This year (2018) is the 100th anniversary of a paper by R. A. Fisher, which introduced the statistical term “variance”. Variance is one of the toughest concepts in statistics, but it’s crucially important. Variance tells you how spread out your data are (yep, “are”; the word “data” is plural!). First, let’s get some terminology out of the way:
Variance – how far a set of (random) numbers are spread out from their average value.
Standard Deviation – The square root of the variance. It’s easier to talk about spread using standard deviation because it’s in the actual units of the data being collected.
One of the best ways to “see” variance is with a histogram. A histogram plots a single quantitative variable (you can think of that as a single column of numbers in Excel). A histogram always has bins on the x-axis, and frequency on the y-axis. When evaluating a histogram, it’s common to determine its shape (normal, skewed, etc.) and also draw a curved distribution line over it to demonstrate that general shape:
Sometimes, analysts will plot distributions on the same axis too, to compare them. Take a look at these distributions:
They all have the same center, but they have different shapes. The orange is more spread out (wider and fatter) than the dark green, and the light blue is more spread out than both of them. The center (average) of all three distributions is at 0, but the variance of the light green is larger than the orange, which is larger than the dark green. Typically, smaller variation is desired because it means higher predictability. Let’s look at an example.
A Human Resources Example
You work in the HR department of a large firm. Your boss wants to better predict how long employees stay with the company by department. The goal is to create incentive programs targeted for the time frames that employees typically leave, to encourage them to stay.
You collect data for 100 employees in each department, and calculate the average tenure by department:
You might think: great! That’s it. All done. But is the average really a good measure of the expected time employees will stay? Let’s take a look at the spread the numbers (the variance and standard deviation).
Employees at both the IT department and the Sales department stay an average of 14 years. But if we calculate the standard deviations for each of these departments (which is just the STDEV function if you are using Excel), we’ll see very different numbers:
Take note that the standard deviation for the IT department is about 3.3 years, whereas the standard deviation for the Sales department is only about a quarter of a year. If we plot those 100 employees per department as histograms, we’d see this difference visually as well:
We can also draw out the distributions for these histograms, which would look (approximately) like this:
Even though IT and Sales both have averages of 14 years, their distributions look really different, don’t they? Sales has a skinnier and taller distribution, and IT has a wider, shorter distribution. The area underneath the curve is the percentage of employees that are leaving within that time frame. For example, if we focus on the area under the Sales curve between 13 and 15 years (that is, between 13 and 15 on the x-axis), it’s pretty much 100% of the curve. That means, nearly all of the sales employees leave between 13 and 15 years. However, if we calculate the area underneath the IT curve between 13 and 15 years, it’s only 24%. That is, only 24% of IT employees leave between 13 and 15 years.
So if you built an incentive program around the 14 year mark for IT and an incentive program around the 14 year mark for Sales, which would reach more people? The one for Sales of course, since it has a lower standard deviation. In other words, more people leave the sales department around the 14 year mark than the IT department – for the IT department, there are a significant number of people leaving as low as 9 or 10 years, or as high as 17 or 18 years.
In addition, we can say that sales is more predictable than IT for average tenure.
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Nicole Rummel of Sebring McKinley High School has been named Alliance Area Chamber of Commerce’s Teacher of the Month for May.
Rummel, who teaches Algebra I, Honors Algebra I, Geometry, Intermediate Algebra and Geometry, Algebra II and Foundations of College Mathematics, has been at Sebring since 2005. She teaches grades nine through 12. Rummel also has taught summer OGT prep review classes.
Rummel has been involved with the Sebring SADD chapter since 2009, National Honor Society since 2013, and has directed the school’s fall drama productions, which she initiated in 2010. She has led two student trips abroad.
Rummel is an active member of Winona Friends Church, where she taught kindergarten during the Sunday school hour for 14 years. She has been a member of the church’s Praise and Worship team since 2003.
"Mathematics is a subject that most students have a preconceived notion that they will never be able to do well because they have never done well in the past," said Rummel. " It is our job as teachers to help students realize that math isn’t some scary subject that only a few people will ever be good at. I believe that all students have the potential to accomplish amazing things."


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This approach melds the advantage of chhat key cryptography of not needing a separate secure channel to exchange keys with the speed advantage of symmetric key encryption.
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The first of these questions asked you to evaluate the function at a particular value. The two people must arrange 311 chat secure channel beforehand to exchange keys, such as meeting in person, otherwise symmetric key cryptography is vulnerable. The Caesar Cipher is extraordinarily easy to break. The larger the primethe harder this function will be to invert.
311 chat encryption cipher goes as follows. All of the messages in this scenario are over public channels, and yet the communications are secure against all eavesdropping attacks!
Asymmetric ciphers are difficult to invent, and the security of most depends on either 311 chat difficulty of solving the discrete-log problem or the difficulty of factoring large integers into primes. The mod p in this equations means the same thing as dividing by p and then taking only the remainder as your answer.
The particular doesn't matter so long as it's prime. The cipher-text may be transmitted over insecure channels. Trying to invert this function is known as the discrete-log problem, and no known efficient algorithm is known to solve this. If someone ever figures out a way to quickly compute discrete logs, public key cryptography depending on this trapdoor function will become insecure. The tremendous advantage of 311 chat key cryptography is that a person can publish their public encryption key for all of the world to see.
The following is how he does this: Pick two prime s p and q which are not the same. If two people using symmetric key cryptography have never met each other and can only 311 chat over 311 chat channels such as the internetthen how are they to exchange keys so that they can read each other's 311 chat messages? In symmetric key cryptography, the encryption and decryption keys are either identical, or knowing one, you can easily compute the other one.
Encryption and decryption ciphers always come in pairs, as a decryption cipher can only decrypt cipher-texts encrypted with a particular encryption cipher. The key is some 311 chat from 0 to Decryption is much the same as encryption, with the exception that the key is subtracted from the corresponding to a letter in the cipher-text. In order to encrypt a message, it must 311 chat represented as a between 0 and n.
With public key 311 chat is a form of asymmetric cryptography. Generating Keys First, a person publishing a public key in this algorithm must generate both their public and private keys. Decrypting Cipher-text Once the recipient gets the cipher-text c, then have only the private key, which consists of d and n, to decrypt the message.
Caesar Cipher The Caesar Cipher is an example of a symmetric key cipher. However, knowing the decryption key allows one to compute the encryption key with relative ease.
Public Key Cryptography Asymmetric key ciphers are all much more computationally involved than most symmetric key ciphers, meaning that they are much slower to run. Numb3rs Season 3 Episode Killer Chat In this hcat several chta mathematical topics are mentioned, including cont analysis and onion routing, but we're going to focus on public key cryptography. Long messages are often broken up into a series of smaller s in much the same way that in cchat 311 chat Cipher, words made up of letters are broken 311 chat into sequences of s.
The following is a simple example of a function which is easy to compute, but more difficult to invert. The encryption cipher goes as follows. Why do you think that is? If the resulting sum is 26 or greater, then subtract 26 from the result this is the same as modulo 26 311 chat.
me: lipa math. The two people must arrange some secure channel beforehand to exchange keys, 311 chat as meeting in person, otherwise symmetric key cryptography is vulnerable. The result will be a from 0 to 25, which corresponds to a letter of the plain-text. Long messages are often broken up into a series of smaller s in much the same way that in the Caesar Cipher, words made 311 chat of letters are broken up into sequences of s. Trying to invert this function is known as the discrete-log problem, and no known cht algorithm is known to solve this.
Report winter issues for icy City sidewalks, bus stops, and walkways; snow blocked driveways, snow piled too high and snow plow 311 chat. ❶Activity 2: Discrete Logarithms Public key cryptography depends on the existence of a type of mathematical functions called trapdoor functions. Public Key Cryptography Asymmetric key ciphers are 311 chat much more computationally involved than most symmetric key ciphers, meaning that they are much slower to run. Non-alphabetic characters are unchanged.
The two people must chwt some secure channel beforehand to exchange 311 chat, such as meeting in person, otherwise symmetric key cryptography is vulnerable. This approach melds the advantage of public key cryptography of not needing a separate secure channel to exchange keys with the speed advantage of chah key encryption. This is a tremendous improvement over symmetric key cryptography.
For most applications that involve the communication of more than a modicum of data a hybrid approach is usually used.
Symmetric Key Cryptography Symmetric key cryptography was the only kind of cryptography publicly known until The following is how we would encrypt a message using the private key, which consists of d along 311 chat n. If the resulting sum is 26 or greater, then subtract 26 from the result this is the same as modulo 26 arithmetic. The primary disadvantage of chxt key cryptography is key exchange.
Encrypting Plain-text Suppose we have a plain-text message m which is an integer between 0 and n that we would like to encrypt using RSA. Another disadvantage of symmetric 311 chat ciphers is that once an attacker figures out the decryption key meaning they can read encrypted messagesthen they also can encrypt messages to make the message appear as if it is coming from a friendly source.|Numb3rs Season 3 Episode Vhat Chat In this episode several different mathematical topics are mentioned, including cont analysis and onion routing, but we're going to focus on public key cryptography.
Cryptography Chatt is a branch of mathematics concerned with the study of hiding and revealing information and also of proving authorship of messages. A typical application 3111 cryptography is one person wanting to 311 chat another cha a private message, but they can only send messages over public channels.
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The original message is called the plain-text. An encryption cipher is an algorithm that transforms the plain-text into illegible data called the cipher-text, possibly using another piece of information called the encryption key. The decryption cipher 311 chat another algorithm which transforms the 311 chat back into plain-text, also cchat using another piece of information called the decryption key. 311 chat and decryption cbat always come in pairs, as a decryption cipher can only decrypt cipher-texts encrypted with a particular encryption xhat.
If one of the two 311 chat in the pair uses a key, then both do, and the keys are always intimately related, if not identical. Symmetric Key Cryptography Symmetric key cryptography was the only kind of cryptography publicly known until However, Clifford Cocks independently discovered several types of asymmetric key ciphers and key exchange protocols in 31 part of chatt work for cat British intelligence agency Government Communications Headquarters.
At the time of his discoveries, the algorithms were thought to be too computationally intensive to be effective and that there was no practical application. In symmetric key cryptography, the encryption and decryption keys are either identical, or knowing chag, you can easily compute the other one. Almost all ciphers ever invented have been symmetric key ciphers. The primary disadvantage 31 symmetric key cryptography is key exchange.] City Services · Phone: 311 chat Outside of the 311 chat area call Toll Free: TTY: Fax: · W.
Lexington Street Chicago, IL. How do I contact a customer service specialist?
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CLICK HERE >>> Probability of getting 4 of a kind poker
Probability of getting 4 of a kind poker
— four of a kind. This hand has the pattern aaaab where a and b are from distinct kinds. The number of such hands is (13-choose-1)(4. — the probability of getting four of a kind is 0. 0240%, or 1 in 4,165,; the probability of getting a straight flush is 0. 00139%, or 1 in 72,193,. 1 / 360” means there’s a one in 360 chance of getting that four of a kind. Straight flush : 1 in 72193, three of a kind : 1 in 47. — the probability of four of a kind (fraction) constant defines the probability of being dealt four-of-a-kind and is represented as a fraction. — 5-4-3-2-a, known as a wheel, is the lowest kind of straight, the top card being the five. Three of a kind. Three cards of the same rank plus. What is the probability of having exactly three kings in a 5-card poker hand. A four-of-a-kind card combination has a very low poker probability, odds, and frequency despite possessing a relatively high poker hand value. Do you think it’s easy to get a straight or a poker? 4. Texas holdem poker probabilities. Let’s calculate the probabilities of a four of a kind. To tie this hand. 43% are the chances of making a pair on the flop. That doesn’t mean you should be playing any two cards, as the same odds apply for players with a higher. That on this particular day in question, we don’t hit any 4-of-a-kind. 10 мая 2020 г. What are the odds of getting a pair or three of a kind?
This one is pretty simple: The more years a bitcoin casino has been in operation, the more years it will likely be in operation, probability of getting 4 of a kind poker.
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The chance of getting winning hands. One of the nice features of the video poker for winners software program is that it will compute the. 4 of a kind: having 4 cards of the same denomination and one card of a. 2%: percent chance to hit quads by the river with a pocket pair (1 in 122) · 0. 2%: percent chance to hit quads on the flop with a pocket. Transcribed image text: what is the probability of getting ‘four of a kind1 in a five-card poker hand? (four of a kind is a hand, like 5 clubsuit 5. Click here to get an answer to your question ✍ compute the probability of being dealt a four – of – a – kind in poker. The all-time strongest hand in hold’em poker is the royal straight flush. The chance of getting this hand is 649,739 to 1. That is a probability of 0. — there are 624 possible hands including four of a kind; the probability of being dealt one in a five-card deal is c113c44⋅c112c14c552=13⋅1⋅12⋅42,598,960≈. Texas hold’em poker is the most popular ‘community card’ variant of the game, featuring two cards, known as ‘hole cards’, dealt to each player and five more. Thus the probability of getting a royal flush is 4/2598960 = 1/649740. Four of a kind is a hand, like 5♧5♤5♢5♥k♤, with four cards of the same rank. The catch is that you have to place an additional bet of one coin in order to get those bonus payouts. Here’s how the game works: how to play ultimate 4 of a. Thus the odds of being dealt aces in any hand are 6 to 1,320 or 1 to 221 BitStarz is another casino that launched back in 2014 and has since taken the crypto gambling world by storm, probability of getting 4 of a kind poker.
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Whether you’re moving to a new home or just want to refresh the look of your current lawn, one of the first things you should do before requesting a quote for artificial turf is take measurements. You’ll need to know how much material to order and the company fitting the lawn will need an idea of the size.
If you’re often wondering “how much fake grass do I need?” or “how to measure my yard,” this blog is for you. Measuring your lawn can seem like a daunting task, but it’s actually quite simple. With a few tools and a little bit of patience, you can get accurate measurements in no time.
Here are the steps:
Determine the Shape of Your Lawn
First, you have to identify the shape of your lawn.
Whenever we’re asked to help measure lawns, these are the typical shapes we encounter:
Square and Rectangular Lawns
For square or rectangular lawns, measuring is a simple process of finding the length and width of your lawn in feet and multiplying these numbers together. For example, if your lawn is 10 feet long and 6 feet wide, it would be 60 square feet. For a rectangular lawn, multiply the length by the width to find the square footage. If your lawn is 15 feet wide and 30 feet long, for example, you would have 225 square feet (15 x 15 = 225).
Measuring your triangular lawn is easier if it forms a right triangle since you can treat it as one half of a square or rectangle. However, for other types of triangles, it becomes a bit complicated.
To measure a triangular lawn, you will need to take measurements of the length of each side. To do this, use a measuring tape or a laser distance measurer. Once you have these measurements, add them together to get the total length of the perimeter of your lawn.
Then, to determine the square footage of your lawn, you will need to take the measurement of the length of one side and multiply it by itself. This will give you the total area of one side of your lawn. To get the total area of your lawn, you will need to multiply this number by 3.
Measuring round lawns may seem complicated, but actually, it’s quite simple. You just need to measure the radius of your lawn. To do this, you can use a tape measure or a string. Then, multiply the radius by 2 to get the diameter. Finally, multiply the diameter by 3.1416 to get the square footage.
If your lawn is in the shape of an L, then you will need to take three separate measurements in order to get the total square footage. To do this, measure the length and width of each section of your lawn as if it were its own rectangle. Then, add those two numbers together to get the total square footage.
Alternatively, you can save yourself the trouble and use MeasureMyLawn.com to calculate the square footage of your lawn. The tool uses Google satellite maps to estimate the measurements of your lawn.
2. Multiply the Width and Length
In essence, measuring your lawn for artificial turf is all about multiplying the width and length of the lawn. This will give you the square footage of your lawn, which is what you need to know in order to determine how much artificial turf you need to purchase.
3. Check Out the Estimated Price of Your Area
After taking your lawn’s measurements, you can request a quote for the estimated price of your project. The average cost to install artificial turf is $5-$10 per square foot, but this will vary depending on the size and shape of your lawn as well as the turf quality you want.
Other Factors To Keep In Mind When Preparing for Artificial Turf Installation
With the availability of low-cost turf for sale online, many believe that installation is extremely cheap. However, high-quality professional installation can be a little pricer than expected, so be sure to budget properly, especially if you have a larger yard.
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Although artificial turf requires much less maintenance than its natural alternative, keep in mind that there’s still some upkeep to perform. You’ll need to clean your turf, particularly after windy days or storms where debris and leaves may have made their way over. If you have pets, you may want to regularly hose down your turf as well.
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If you’re considering artificial turf for your yard, it’s important to make sure you measure your lawn correctly. This will ensure that you order enough turf to complete the project, that the turf fits properly once installed, and that you get an accurate price estimate.
It’s also important to take into account the different types of turf available. There are various thicknesses, lengths, and widths of turf available on the market, so it’s important to know the dimensions of your lawn in order to choose the right product.


At this point, a diversion to playing the game is in order. If you examine the program, you might notice that when the program ends, it always says "You win!". You could quit before winning, but the game isn't that difficult. You always win. Compare that to a simple eye-hand coordination game like Tetris. There, you always lose. Always. With this positive reinforcement, one might expect that players would never stop playing.
There's a very simple algorithm for coming up with a solution to any problem. And, it turns out that 2 * n - 3 (on the HP-28, that's n 2 * 3 -) moves are required, as a maximum, and usually fewer. And when i learned this game so many ages ago, that's about all i knew about it. I had to figure out what the algorithm was. And it's pretty simple.
Note that if you get the last symbol, the "i" into the right most position, you should never have to move it again. So, if you build the string backwards one symbol at a time, you're done. What you do is search for "i", reverse it to the left most position. Then with "9", reverse it to the right most position. Then search for "h" and do the same. This seems to take two reverses per digit, so for a string with n symbols, you should have to perform 2 * n moves. But when you get to the first symbol, a in this case, it's already where you need it. So that's two moves you don't need, or 2 * n - 2. The remaining exercise is to figure out what other move you don't need. In any case, often, when you search for a symbol, it's already in the first position, so you don't need to get it there. Sometimes it's already in the position you need it to go to, so you save both moves. So the formula gets you a maximum number of moves. It may be fewer.
One might ask if there are optimum solutions that don't follow this algorithm. And there are. And in my opinion, that's where the real fun for this game lies. I've written optimal solution finders in C and Perl. And even the Perl version can find all optimal solutions for puzzles of length 9 in an hour on a modern computer. The C version can do it in under a second. How many puzzles of length 9 are there? Here's how to figure this out. If you're looking for a random puzzle, the first position can be any of 9 symbols. But having chosen one of these, there are only 8 symbols to choose from for the next symbol. So the first two symbols can be 9 * 8. Continue this way until the last symbol, from which there is only one left. The answer turns out to be 9! - that is 9 * 8 * 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 362,880. I'd like to say that this was computed with my factorial program, but it had already been deleted. So the built in FACT function was used instead. Blame it on the low total memory area of the HP-28C.
Once one has an optimal solution generator, then one can compare the simply algorithm performance to the optimal solutions. In this table, Moves is that number of moves required. Optimal is the number of games with that many moves, and Auto is the number of games with that many moves using the simple algorithm. You can see that zero moves (starting with the solution) through two moves have the same number of games. That's because for those games, the optimal solution is the same as the easy solution. But there are no games where the optimal solutin requires more than ten moves. This table is for games of length nine.
My evolution for puzzle solvers for this game over the years is interesting in it's own right. The first solvers were brute force with minor optimizations. They were written in C, but ran on machines that required hours of CPU time to solve a single puzzle. It would take years to generate all solutions of length 9. Modern computers are easily 10,000 times faster, so it would only be days now. But an idea came to me for solving all puzzles of length 9. One started with the solution. Each possible last move was generated, and that puzzle with the final solution move was recorded. Then, each of those puzzles was subjected to a single move as well. If the puzzle had already been recorded, the solution was ignored. Otherwise the puzzle and the move to get to a solved puzzle was recorded. This proceeded until all puzzles were recorded. In the early 1980's 362,880 puzzles would not fit into RAM except on large and expensive machines. For home machines the answers had to be stored on disk, and searched. By the late 1980's, everything could be kept in RAM even on home machines. But then my buddy Karl came up with an algorithm that could get an optimal solution to a single puzzle essentially instantly. It was so fast that it was quicker to generate puzzle solutions independently than all at once. And, no significant data needed to be stored. Further, with it's principals, one could solve any puzzle by hand, and quickly. Now that this has happened, i don't play the game very much. It's peculiar, but one of the goals of writting these puzzle solvers is to render the game less interesting. And this is done by attempting new techniques, and using the computer to prove that they are, in fact, essentially perfect. In this case, the computer didn't teach me the techniques, however. I have other, more complicated games, where the computer's brute force searching has lead to strategies that can be learned from study of the computer's play.


Remark: Tamil alphabets [which are Abugida or alphasyllabary in nature] can be written as a fully connected bipartite graph G(C+V,E). Both the basic 247 letters [known to have a ring representation] and sequences involving வட மொழி letters can be written in the sequence of two sets, V – vowels [உயிர்] and C – consonants [மெய்], and edges E: C -> V forming a map from each consonant to vowel (e.g.: க் + அ -> க ) are the உயிர்மெய் எழுத்துக்கள். This is a bipartite graph. Strictly speaking we can add அயுத எழுத்து ‘ஃ’ as a disconnected node and call it a forest graph. This may be simply extended to cover the வட மொழி எழுத்துக்கள் [Sanskrit letters optionally used in Tamil]. Full alphabet set is obtained by cumulative sum of edges and vertices.
Corollary: Most other alphasyllabary, Abugida languages have a similar bipartite graph representation.


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Monthly Archives: July 2012
Hello everyone! I’m so appreciative of all my loyal readers! I haven’t made a real post on this site since December and I’m still averaging over a hundred readers a day! Amazing!
I was looking through The eBook Directory and was surprised how much it has grown! They’ve got something for everybody! Grab a cup of coffee and check it out!
Another place worth looking at is the Khan Academy website. They’ve got free courses in math, science, finance, humanities, test preparation, and more. The math courses start at single digit addition and go all the way through advanced calculus. Their goal is to offer, “A free world-class education for anyone anywhere.”
Here’s a link to an article that’s just fun to read… Check out The Motley Crew’s page entitled, “100 Mind-Blowing Facts About the Economy.” I’m sure you’ll enjoy it! Please “click here” to go there!


Shape-sorting with a twist! There are ten unique shapes and four slots. Can you figure out how to fit ALL the shapes through the slots?Here's how it works: With a push of the button, the top twists and the slots all change. Kids have to explore and experiment to solve the puzzle and match all the shapes! Then, open the door to release the blocks and start the fun all over again.
- Unique shape-sorting puzzle
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- Push the button to twist the top and change the shapes of the slots
- Kids must explore and experiment to fit all 10 shapes into the Shape Factory
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Notes & Tips:
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If GRE math concepts were people, Least Common Multiple (LCM) would hardly be the most noticeable person in the room. After all, we have the really big personalities who always elbow for attention: Probability, Work Rates and Combinations (none of whom would win the popularity context). Then, there are Exponents standing together menacingly with Coordinate Geometry, with Scientific Notation sneering up at us. Finally, squished in the corner, making room for all these other concepts, is our little wallflower: Least Common Multiple. So self-effacing—introducing itself with a Least—and meek, this concept is more familiar in its diminutive: LCM.
But let’s not forget that finding the Least Common Multiple can help us on questions ranging from work rates to number properties. So, now is our cue to walk up to meek LCM and say hello.
First off, finding LCM for a group of numbers requires three steps.
Take a look at the following numbers: 14, 35 and 70.
Which factors do they have in common? To answer this question, we need to break down each number into its prime factors.
14 = 7 x 2
35 = 5 x 7
70 = 5 x 7 x 2
All three of them have the number 7. Also, 35 and 70 have 5 in common, and 14 and 70 can both be divided by 2. Therefore, the shared factors are 7, 5, and 2. Note that we include each shared factor only once, even if, as is the case for the number 7, it shows up in all three numbers.
Take a look at the following numbers: 15, 8, and 12.
Let’s break down each to prime factors:
15 = 3 x 5
8 = 2 x 2 x 2
12 = 2 x 2 x 3
Is there any factor that is not shared by the other two factors? Most saliently, there is the one 5. Are there any other lone factors? Actually, there is one 2, all by itself. Therefore, the lone factors are 5 and 2. Notice that two of the 2s overlap for both 8 and 12. But the number 8 has three factors of 2. Therefore, that extra two is a lone factor.
Let’s now find the shared factors (step 1) of 15, 8, and 12, so we can go on to the third step. We can see that the shared factors are 2, 2, and 3.
Shared Factors : 2 x 2 x 3 = 12
Lone Factors: 2 x 5 = 10
12 x 10 = 120.
Therefore the LCM is 120.
And just like that we’ve met, not the life of the party, but an indispensable concept to doing well on the GRE math section.


Data scientists love linear regression for its simplicity. Strengthen your understanding of linear regression in multi-dimensional space through 3D visualization of linear models. This post comes with detailed scikit-learn code snippets for multiple linear regression.
This post covers everything you need to know about confidence intervals: from the introductory conceptual explanations, to the detailed discussions about the variations of different techniques, their assumptions, strength and weekness, when to use, and when not to use.
When training your NLP model with Skip-Gram, the very large size of vocabs imposes high computational cost on your machine. Since the original Skip-Gram model is unable to handle this high cost, we use an alternative, called Negative Sampling.
The past couple of years, neural networks in Word2Vec have nearly taken over the field of NLP, thanks to their state-of-art performance. But how much do you understand about the algorithm behind it? This post will crack the secrets behind neural net in Word2Vec.
How does word vectors in Natural Language Processing capture meaningful relationships among words? How can you quantify those relationships? Addressing these questions starts from understanding the multi-dimensional nature of NLP applications.
Many statistical & machine learning techniques assume normality of data. What are the options you have if your data is not normally distributed? Transforming non-normal data to normal data using Box-Cox transformation is one of them.
Tobler's first law of geography states that "everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." Variogram shows the correlation between two spatial data points over distances.
If you ever tried to do anything with data provided to you in PDFs, you know how painful it is — it's hard to copy-and-paste rows of data out of PDF files. Try tabula-py to extract data into a CSV or Excel spreadsheet using a simple, easy-to-use interface.
Are you interested in hosting your own data science blog powered by Jupyter Notebook like this blog? Take a look at Aegis-Jupyter theme I made with Pelican. The set of codes that runs this blog is open-source, available on my Github Repo.
Bootstrapping is a type of non-parametric re-sampling method used for statistical & machine learning techniques. One application of bootstrapping is that it can compute confidence intervals of any distribution, because it's distribution-free.
How do casinos earn money? The answer is simple - the longer you play, the bigger the chance of you losing the money. Monte-Carlo simulation can construct its profit forecast model.


· How to Calculate the real interest rate. If you do this for all three years, you’d get the following: Inflation Rate Data Year 1: — Year 2: 10.0% Year 3: 9.1% Year 4: -4.2% Now you can calculate the real interest rate. The relationship between the inflation rate and the nominal and real interest rates is given by the expression (1+r)= (1+n)/ (1+i),
A credit card with a low interest rate can offer savings and flexibility. Though credit card annual percentage rates typically range from 17 to 24 percent, it’s possible to get a card with a lower.
Your interest rate won’t change on any previous federal loans that you have. Let’s run through a few scenarios to get an idea of how much you’d save on each type of loan. The table below shows you how.
Simple interest calculator with formulas and calculations to solve for principal, interest rate, number of periods or final investment value. A = P(1 + rt) Calculate total principal plus simple interest on an investment or savings.
The continuous decreasing of savings bank account interest is a concern for the people and we are searching how we can get best interest rates on the savings account. My suggestion would be not only to go with the highest interest rate, see the various fees or charges levied by the bank.
Refinance Mortgage Rates Arizona Bank Prime Rate Today Wall Street Journal prime rate – Wikipedia – The Wall Street Journal Prime Rate (WSJ Prime Rate) is a measure of the U.S. prime rate, defined by The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) as "The base rate on corporate loans posted by at least 70% of the 10 largest U.S. banks." It is not the " best" rate offered by banks.How mortgage rates in Arizona trend is one important factor to consider, but buyers also need to think about how the rate will potentially be impacted by the terms of their mortgage. For many borrowers, this means deciding between a 30-year fixed mortgage or a 15-year mortgage. With a 30-year fixed-rate loan, a borrower maintains the same interest rate and payment over a term of 30 years, which can help keep their payment low. A 15-year mortgage, on the other hand, often secures a lower.
You get a quick-hitting, chart-led overview of every major stock index, interest rate, currency, metal, energy market and.
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Federal Interest Rate History What History Tells Us About This Week’s Fed Interest Rate Hike – · For all the hand-wringing and nervous forecasts, this week’s Federal Reserve decision to raise interest rates may be a sign of better things to come. history rarely repeats itself exactly.
The Fed’s current policy interest rate is set in a range of between 2.25% and 2.5%. The economy needs to grow above its trend annual pace of 2% to get inflation back to the Fed’s 2% goal, she said..
An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited or borrowed (called the principal sum). The total interest on an amount lent or borrowed depends on the principal sum, the interest rate, the compounding frequency, and the length of time.


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I was able to conduct a math workshop with several math teachers from a rural primary school. These teachers teach grades 4 – 7 math and had LOTS of questions. They have a lot of the same challenges that we have in US schools (keeping the students interested, getting the quiet kid in the back of the room engaged, helping students retain the information, etc). But they also have challenges that we don’t have in the US–50 students per room, no Internet access or computer of any kind, very limited access to a photocopier. I showed them several strategies that I’ve used in my classroom or have seen in other classrooms–creating colorful study guides and using activities that get the students out of their seats while still challenging them with math problems. They also shared that their #1 issue is getting the kids to be able to do mental math, so I found a resource online that I was able to print out for them that provided a whole year’s worth of problems (6-8 quick problems per day) that they can do at the start of each day to get the kids practicing quick mental math. They were super excited!
I also gave each teacher a goodie bag that included some solar classroom calculators, rulers, pencils, erasers, scissors, tape and stickers (the stickers were the biggest hit by far!!) Note for next year….bring lots of stickers!!
The teachers and the principal were very enthusiastic about the workshop and have invited me back next year to do it again! 🙂 Doing work in Africa is all about building relationships. This was the start of a very good relationship!


You're One! Board book
You're One! Board bookYou're one! You are one of a kind. Great things come in ones. Which ones will we find?
In this lively and fun-filled board book celebrating the number one, babies and their favorite grown-ups will enjoy finding all the ways in which number one is special: one tummy to tickle, one mouth for eating birthday cake, one moon, one sun... and one YOU!
Children will love having their special age celebrated in such a personal way, and parents will appreciate the easy introduction to counting and super-simple math as baby gets comfortable with the idea of one as a number.


Recommended Lottery Tips
How to Generate the Best Lottery Numbers?
Hot lotto numbers are believed to be the best lottery numbers you could use when picking your lottery combination. In reality, it is not. In this article you'll know the reasons why it isn't and what are the best lottery numbers you should pick instead.
7 Things You Should Know About Lottometrix and Why You Should Join
Jerry Jay Lendlsmith leads the whole team of Lottometrix, and they offer a lotto strategy based on number patterns. This article shed light on the many aspects of their services Based on their mathematical studies, the lottery is best played when you know the patterns that occur more frequently. They offer numbers for seven of the most popular lotteries in the world. Included in the list are the U.S. Powerball, U.S. Mega Millions, Euro Millions, Euro Jackpot, The Irish Lottery, The Australian Saturday Lotto and the UK Lotto.
How to Generate Lotto Numbers Using a Spreadsheet Program
Nowadays, it's easier to generate numbers using a computer machine. If you have a spreadsheet program, you can create a list of lotto numbers without the stress. This article will explain how to do it with ease.
Using Birth Dates For Lotto Combination? Here's What Math Says
Do you use birth dates for a lotto combination, then this article is for you. Discover what math says about it. Many experts recommend that you should never use birth dates when you play the lottery. They say it's a bad strategy Or is it? This article will answer the mystery once and for all from a mathematical perspective.
Predicting The Lotto 649 Winning Numbers According To Math
Do you play a lotto 649 lotto system? If yes, then you should read this article to help you win the lottery. Lotto 649 consists of 210 number patterns in which 145 of them have the worst probability of appearing in a lottery draw. You are probably wasting money on these worst number patterns. This article recommends the best way to pick lotto 649 winning numbers from a mathematical perspective.


With our easy-to-use calculators, you will have the tools you need to make better informed financial decisions.
Stamp duty varies depending on the State or Territory your property is in. Use this calculator to work out the amount you may be required to pay.
Use this calculator to determine how much interest you could save by offsetting your savings against your home loan.
Our home loan calculator helps you work out what your minimum weekly, fortnightly or monthly home loan repayments would be for the amount you are planning to borrow.
Compare and select the right home loan for you with our key facts sheet.
1300 160 160


Zeliang Wang, Johh G. McWhirter, Jamie Corr, Stephan Weiss
In this paper, we present an improved version of the second order sequential best rotation algorithm (SBR2) for polynomial matrix eigenvalue decomposition of para-Hermitian matrices. The improved algorithm is entitled multiple shift SBR2 (MS-SBR2) which is developed based on the original SBR2 algorithm. It can achieve faster convergence than the original SBR2 algorithm by means of transferring more off-diagonal energy onto the diagonal at each iteration. Its convergence is proved and also demonstrated by means of a numerical example. Furthermore, simulation results are included to compare its convergence characteristics and computational complexity with the original SBR2, sequential matrix diagonalization (SMD) and multiple shift maximum element SMD algorithms.


Loan interest rate payable per annum is a method for figuring periodic interest payments based on an annual percentage rate. To calculate a monthly rate based.
Using our savings interest calculator will give you an idea of what interest you will receive after tax each month or year and help you make the most of your money. Simply key in the amount of savings you have, your current interest rate and choose the tax status of your account and we’ll calculate how much interest you’ll earn on that amount.
When you invest in the stock market, you don’t earn a set interest rate. Instead, the return is based on the change in the value of your investment. When the value of your investment goes up, you earn.
When selecting the month of payment, the calculator assumes the payment is made on or before the. Interest rates are subject to change in July and January.
450000 Mortgage With the national median home value at $147,000, it’s no big surprise that when you jump to a $450,000 price point, there’s a lot of house to be had. At least that’s what we found when we went coast-to-coast (and in between) to compile a list of homes listed for sale just around $450,000.Apartment Building Loan Clay, N.Y. — The Brookwood on the Green Apartments in Clay are among six robert morgan apartment buildings facing foreclosure following loan fraud allegations against the Rochester developer.
by the monthly interest rate to get your actual interest payment. For this instance, you’d enter into a calculator: $100,000 × 0.00375 = $375. This will be your monthly interest payment. Your.
At the current average rate, you‘ll pay 1.98 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That’s a.
To use this calculator you must enter the numbers of days late, the amount of the invoice in. Please enter the Prompt Payment interest rate:
The interest rates range from 11% to 32%. You can try my estimated return calculator and see the returns you are expected. Here you can compare the historic return of stocks (7%) to the.
Calculate the simple interest for the loan or principal amount of Rs. 5000 with the interest rate of 10% per annum and the time period of 5 years. P = 5000, R = 10% and T = 5 Years Applying the values in the formula, you will get the simple interest as 2500 by multiplying the loan amount (payment) with the interest rate and the time period.
But when an economy is operating at or near its maximum capacity, tariffs will merely raise prices and add to the upward pressure on US interest rates. This clearly applies to the US economy today.
Total Principal and Interest by Payment. Annual interest rate for this loan.. Information and interactive calculators are made available to you as self-help tools.
Can I Afford A Rental Property Calculator buying business property analyze the risks of commercial real estate investment. The owner is responsible for managing each property, assessing safety and maintenance issues, and drafting leases. An investor who wants to see a large return should expect to spend a significant amount of time on the needs of the property.When was the last time you saw a Sydney rental property for $353? Not in a year that began with. So what happens if you can’t afford to live alone but can’t or won’t move back in with the folks?


In this little box is pack 2 of 2 of the Year 6 Maths Revision Cards. The 31 cards cover all of the most important methods and terminology in Year 6 Maths in Measures and Shape. Topics include: time, capacity and volume, mass, length, area and perimeter, parallelograms, triangles, angles, 3D shapes, nets, quadrilaterals, polygons, circles, co-ordinates, translations, pie charts and line graphs. The cards will help you understand how your chid is being taught in the classroom. The cards are clear, concise and packed with information. I’m a parent, teacher and tutor and they’ve been made with love to support you as parents. The cards will help your child revise a tricky concept, build their confidence and help them prepare for an important exam. The best thing about these cards is that they’re pocket size so sling them in your bag and whip them out when you need them. I know they will help you! For more information go to www.katiesclassroom.com.


LUBBOCK, Texas — Lubbock’s Harmony Science Academy will host its second annual math competition on Saturday, January 21.
According to a press release, the competition is from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. at the school.
The competition is open to all Lubbock County students in 5th grade.
Registration is free and open until 5:00 p.m. on January 13.
“The Harmony Science Academy math competition will consist of 40 multiple choice questions from various math topics aligned to TEKS with 5 tie breaker questions. The top five winners will receive prizes to include: ASUS TUF F17 Laptop, Meta Quest 2 256GB, 10.2 in iPad 64 GB, RYZE Tech Tello Drone, and a $50 Visa Gift Card,” the press release said.
Harmony Science Academy said it has partnered with Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and UpReach for the math competition.
Harmony Science Academy is located at 3701 West Loop 289.


Iowa Algebra Readiness Assessment (IARA)
Iowa Testing Programs began offering the IARA online in February 2011. The IARA is $3.25 for each student tested.
The IARA is intended to help teachers and counselors make more informed decisions regarding
the initial placement of students in the secondary mathematics curriculum. Any decision
regarding "readiness" is extremely difficult. While the recommendations of current and
former teachers must be given great weight, additional information about mathematics
achievement and foundational knowledge is also important. The IARA provides this
information in an easy-to-administer format so that determinants of algebra readiness are
well informed and timely.
The IARA is $3.25 for each student tested.
Using both the Standards from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the
Common Core State Standards as guides, a pool of items relevant to the curriculum of
Algebra I was developed and field tested. On the basis of the field test, items were
selected and assembled into the online edition of the IARA. The IARA consists of 60 items
administered over approximately 40 minutes.
Test Materials and Scoring
The IARA is administered via computer. Raw scores, standard scores, and national percentile
ranks are reported in four areas. The four areas are:
Pre-Algebraic Number Skills & Concepts: Demonstrating computational facility and problem-solving skills
Interpreting Mathematical Information: Understanding new material presented in graphs or text
Representing Relationships: Finding formulas for numerical relationships
Using Symbols: Understanding the nature and use of symbols
In addition, raw scores are reported for the following domains of the Common Core State Standards.
Expressions & Equations
Statistics & Probability
Ratios & Proportional Relationships
The Number System
As stated earlier, information on student performance is intended to assist educators
in (1) determining the algebra readiness of students, (2) determining initial placement of
students in the secondary mathematics curriculum, (3) identifying student strengths and
weaknesses, and (4) evaluating instructional programs.


The world economy in the 21st century is accelerating its shift to a knowledge-based economy due to the remarkable growth of science and technology. Knowledge resource, including technology, are the key factor determining national competitiveness, therefore each nation should create knowledge-based future growth engines through the rapid development of basic research, so as to swiftly toward an advanced economy. Mathematics, which is the basis of all scientific disciplines, will contribute to the development of science and technology in our nation through the exchange of information and ideas in these areas, mathematics will play a key role in establishing the foundations of an advanced knowledge economy. In this environment, the National Institute for Mathematical Sciences (NIMS) will play a critical role by performing research on mathematical sciences, the basis of future technology, to transform our nation into a knowledge-based society. First, our research capability will be strengthened by introducing an open type research system to gather together the world's best-known domestic and overseas scholars in the mathematical sciences and entrust them with conducting mid- and long-term research in advanced areas of mathematics. Second, joint research with other researchers in other areas such as IT, BT, and finance will be conducted by introducing a central and combined research system to explore future areas of promise in technological fields based on mathematical sciences. Third, the establishment of a Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) for mathematical sciences will make it possible for other research institutes and industries to directly use the network and will lead to the delivery and popularization of the specialized knowledge in mathematical sciences that is needed by related disciplines and other areas. NIMS will make steady efforts to respond flexibly to global changes and requirements in order to emerge as a center for the mathematical sciences, it will become a World Class Institute (WCI) in the process. Please maintain your interest in and support for our institute. Thank you so much.


What is Monte Carlo simulation? In short, it is a way to represent and analyze risk and uncertainty. It was named after the Monte Carlo Casino which opened in 1863 in the Principality of Monaco on the French Riviera. The Monte Carlo simulation generates random numbers using a pseudo-random number algorithm. The uncertainty in key input quantities is represented as a probability distribution.
In standard Monte Carlo simulation, a software program samples a random value from each input distribution and runs the model using those values. After repeating the process a number of times, usually 100-10,00, it estimates the probability distributions of uncertain outputs of the model from the random sample of output values. The larger the sample size, the more accurate the estimation of the output distributions.
A common misconception is that computational effort is combinatorial in the number of uncertain inputs – making it impractical for large models. This is true for simple discrete probability tree methods, but the great advantage of this method is that the computation is linear in the number of uncertain inputs. It is proportional to the number of input distributions to be sampled.
The sample size you need is controlled by the degree of precision that you want in the output distributions you care about. For example, you are interested in estimating percentiles of a cumulative distribution. There is no need to increase the sample size just because you have more uncertain inputs. For most models, a few hundred up to a thousand runs are sufficient. You only need a larger sample if you want high precision in your resulting distributions and a smooth looking density function. Given the inherent uncertainty of the inputs, higher precision is usually an aesthetic preference rather than a functional need.
Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheets do not support Monte Carlo simulation directly. But there are a number of software products that are add-ins to Excel that let you perform the simulation. There are products that are well known to do this, but what sets Analytica apart? We have designed Analytica specifically to perform Monte Carlo simulations so the probabilistic analysis is fully integrated into the product from the start. This gives Analytica certain advantages over spreadsheet add-ins in terms of ease of use and speed of computation. For more information about Analytica visit www.analytica.com or call 650-212-1212.
Analytica is a visual software environment for building, exploring, and sharing quantitative decision models such as the Monte Carlo simulation.


Present discounted value formula
100,000.05/12)120 100,000/1. these calculations demonstrate that time literally is money - the value of the money you have now is not the same as it will be in the future and vice versa. Use of Present Value Formula, the Present Value formula has a broad range of uses and may be applied to various areas of finance including corporate finance, banking finance, and investment finance. In essence, all you are doing is rearranging the future value equation above so that you may solve for. We could put the equation more concisely and use the 10,000 as the future value. If today we were at the two-year mark, we would discount the payment back one year. The premise of the equation is that there is "time value of money".
Present Value And Discounting - Investopedia
Alternative Formula, the Present Value formula may sometimes be shown. The present value formula tells us: PV 10,000/ (1.05)10 6,139.13. Apart from the various areas of finance that present value analysis is used, the formula is also used as a component of other financial formulas. Remember, the 10,000 to be received in three years is really the same as the future value of an investment. The above future value equation can be rewritten by replacing the P variable with present value (PV) and manipulating the equation as follows: Let's walk backwards from the 10,000 offered in Option. It is important to note that the three most influential components of present value are time, expected rate of return, and the size of the future cash flow. If you received 10,000 in a year, the present value of the amount would not nike discount store be 10,000 because you do not have it in your hand now, in the present. In other words, choosing Option B is like taking 8,762.97 now and then investing it for three years.


I really like the idea of creating a story character's facebook. That sounds like alot of fun for both the student and the teacher!
Gardener's Theory of Multiple Intelligences is really interesting! I remember Dr. Neubert briefly mentioning them at one point, but I did not know what they were. While I agree with the weakness portion that you mention (about the difficulty of individualizing instruction for so many students) I like the idea of trying to work the 7 different intelligences into lesson planning. Obviously, it would be impossible to do all 7 in every lesson, but mixing it up every once in a while seems like it couldn't hurt.BTW: I LOVE the video... I <3 Leonard Nimoy
I think that the idea of creating a Facebook page foor a chrarcter was a stroke of genius. It's an unusual and intriguing way to get your students to really think about the characters they're reading. I also feel that the multiple intelligences theory is interesting. I once took one of those tests and scorced highest in math and music much to my sister's dismay. She vehemently refuses to admit to any connection between math and music.
I have never felt completely comfortable with the idea of multiple intelligences. I find it difficult to believe that "intelligence" or being "smart" can be defined in so many ways. The theory essentialy says that even those professional athletes like NFL or NBA players who barely graduated high school or were passed along in college just so they could play sports are "intelligent" kinesthetically. Even though we often categorize them as dumb jocks. Anyway, your ideas for incorporating technology were great I think the entire class loved your ideas!
I know that everyone has said it before, but I LOVE the idea of creating a facebook page for a character, or a historical person! It is fun, it's using a system that students know and probably use HOURS every day, and it allows them to be creative while still using so much important information. Coming up with clever statuses that are accurate is DIFFICULT but can really show who understands and who doesn't!And to comment on Lisa's reply, music and math are SO closely related! (I have a bachelors degree in music ;) ) Just because you might not LIKE math, doesn't change the fact that rhythm and counting and time signatures and practically EVERYTHING has some correlation to math! In my 20th century theory class we had to fill out a matrix in order to figure out a specific kind of music theory. You could figure it out simply "counting" but it became so much easier once you figured out the mathematical equation it took to fill out each row in the matrix! I might not LOVE math, but I will be the first to admit that music and math are very closely related!


When one of the people you mentor sends you this on a friday night 5 minutes before the market closes for the weekend of his first live trades.
Every trader knows that 0.01 lot size is equal to 1cent. So practically the initial investment that was made here was only 3cents and that investment produced an investment returns of $21.26. Lets calculate the gain percentage on this investment.
Lets say that he investment a capital of $3 because I can't work it out with cents. If he made a profit of $3 on top of the intial capital investment, the gain/interest earned would be 100% of what he invested. Since a profit of $21.26 on a $3 investment, the gain ratio would be as follows:
Gain ratio = $21.26 devided by $3 = 7 times the intial investment and that would be the gain ratio multiplied by 100% (intial investment of $3) making it 700%. Now imagine a 3cents investment producing $21.26🤔 shocking neh😳
Forex is the only investment platform that has the ability to produce such high returns on your investment.
These are secrets that Investment Institutions and Banks hide from the general public.
Please let me know of any Bank or Investment Institution that can give you these kind of returns on any Investment because I have never came across one. All I have seen is 6% per annum.
Moral of the story:
Invest in knowledge that will change your life.


PortalKota – Calculate Roth IRA Using the Formula and Basic Calculator. Have an IRA June Watson is contributing to D $ 500 each year to a Roth IRA, and this IRA earns 4.6 percent per year.
How much will she have at the end of 40 years so automatically a Roth IRA contributions made as its established? So therefore, some annuity and annuity do so.
If you go through here, there’s two ways to do this question: one is to find a table value and to do that.
You’Re gon na find the number of periods which it’s annually, so it’s 40 periods and your period rate and if it no, if it aren’t 4.6 percent, then your period rates 4.6, but on a table for this. This text that that table body is not available.
Calculate Roth IRA Using the Formula and Basic Calculator
So you can use this formula or, if you don’t like using the table, you can just jump straight to this formula and we just plug the numbers in our would be point zero.
Four six in would be your periods, which would be 40 and the T 500 odds will be your payment, so you just plug the numbers in here and now I just got to calculate this so to do that first off, I would just simplify these additions, which You’Re.
Just adding one so that just makes it one point: zero, four six, so we’re just cleaning that up then we’re cleaning this up, so you get to here now you need to calculate this and this that you don’t have to have a fancy Calculator to do This you just have to follow your order of operations.


Benefits of Using Calculators – Knowing the Truth
Calculators are one of the modern gadgets that have become inevitable. We have brought some benefits of using them. Let’s find together. an online calculator like MyCalcu.com or calculators.net can help one solve many problems in a very short time.
Calculator and the Debate About It
Calculators have been in the discussions of academia and business people since they have been available to these two classes. A calculator is a useful gadget that brings ease and comfort to its users by making calculations easy for them. For a long, schools have been in open opposition to the use of a calculator. But this is changing, and educators support the idea of using calculators in the classroom.
A simple calculator can do all arithmetic operations for you in a while. More sophisticated models like scientific and graphing calculators are more efficient. They will help with the solutions to complex mathematical equations and graphs. If there is no calculator used, they would require a lot of pages to solve a single equation.
It has been of great use for professionals as well. People in every field need it, and it is used popularly. Though the debate about the legitimacy of the use of calculators is never-ending, its importance has been recognized. Soon those opposing it will also be in support of its use.
The Evolution and Its Growing Sphere of Influence
The calculator has evolved with the passage of time. It is through this evolution that it has come to popular use. If it was not portable, then it would not have seen this much popularity. The fact is that the price and size of it have played a great role in widening its sphere of influence. Students, business people, architects, engineers, and people from other professions use it because of these features.
The adding sophistication and ease of these solutions have made it a more loved gadget. It can be called the beginning part of modern technology, which serves as the basis of it. An introduction to tech which makes you explore further. It is going through an evolution, and this has even resulted in the form of online calculators, which are more sophisticated pieces of development.
No one can deny the usefulness of calculators. People enjoy its use as it saves their time and makes calculations reliable for them. Here are some benefits of using calculators.
- Making Tech Comfortable
There are some teachers who would be annoyed when they see their students use calculators. They call it over-dependency on calculators. Instead, they prefer to ask their students to make their calculations manually. But they might not be right always, as the calculator is no more a luxury, instead of a need. If they are asking their students to give up the use of a calculator, then they are preventing them from use of tech.
How will a student be able to survive without tech in the era of sophisticated technological developments? Calculator introduces students to the use of tech and makes them comfortable with its use. If they are stopped at the very first step, then how would they be able to use it ahead in life?
- Promotion of Accuracy
We need to be accurate in life to avoid failures. This is true in the case of students as well. We need to inculcate the habit of being accurate in students as well. The calculator does this job for us. It doesn’t even miss a single point while making calculations. If a student is using it, then they won’t miss a single point which is good for their habit of being accurate.
Students won’t need to worry about time and will make calculations with comfort. This way, the accuracy isn’t compromised, and the question is solved as well. Though teachers don’t want their students to jump instantly at calculators, still its use is encouraged to promote accuracy.
In some cases, they are used to verify manually solved problems. This is also good, and students spend their time working on both kinds of solutions.
- Pleasurable Experience with Math
What makes calculators more interesting for students is their adding pleasure to math. Without calculators, most students find math boring, and they can’t stay focused. The main problem with our students is that they consider math a burden. It is because of the lengthy equations and tedious formulae.
Though doing math is enjoyable for some students, many don’t find it so. The solution is a calculator, which adds to the pleasure of doing math. It also adds confidence to those who find themselves struggling with math.
- Focusing Shift to Matters of Importance
Either it is the case of professionals or students, the calculator shifts the focus to matters of importance. It doesn’t focus on the process. Instead, it prefers to work on the ends. If a student is working on Algebra, then they won’t have to think about basic calculations. Rather they will focus on the matters of importance like the formulae and the process of solution.
Likewise, for engineers and other professionals needing math, it makes ends meet. It does so by simplifying the process into simple steps. Thus, they are able to use flawless numbers and needn’t worry about the repetition of the process.
- Ensuring Efficiency
If a student spends their whole energy on making manual calculations, how will they be able to learn something new? Math practice is not meant for the purpose of tiring students. Instead, its aim is to make them learn and add to their sack. This will happen if they have a calculator. It will ensure that they are efficient in their use of calculators.
It doesn’t make the lengthy calculations energy drainers for students and keeps them fresh. Thus, they are able to focus on learning instead of being stuck in a single step.
- Reducing Distractions
Calculators remove useless distractions from the process of calculation. If you are solving a mathematical problem on paper, a lot of things will distract you. Calculator saves you from all these. Instead, it will focus your shift on solutions, and you will work on it comfortably.
- Help with Weaker Students
Some students find themselves struggling with math. A calculator is especially helpful for them. It can reduce their problems, and they won’t feel a sense of inferiority.
Why Not Using It?
Calculators have many other benefits as well. They are the modern lifesavers in math. Make use of it and improve your learning. If you are professional, then it will add a new level of comfort to your life.


The Maths Club is a new initiative run by five 5th year students for 1st and 2nd year students. It takes place on alternate weeks during lunchtime and aims to improve student numeracy skills.
Before setting up the club the 5th year students participated in an eleven-week Student Leadership and Maths (SLAM) training programme in Trinity College. Thanks to SLAM the 5th years gained the necessary skills and tools required to run their own maths club. They also received training using the Khan Academy methodology, an online learning aid for Maths.
The Maths Club was run on alternating weeks for 12 weeks and was a great success. It is hoped that next year the outgoing 5th year students involved with the club will be able to pass on their expertise to TY volunteers. We hope that the Maths Club will continue to grow in popularity over the next academic year.