There are many resources on campus to assist you in being successful at learning math. The following list includes a variety of opportunities to supplement your classroom experience.
STUDY GROUPS: A GREAT WAY TO LEARN!
- Studies have shown that students who work in groups perform better in math courses. Arrange with classmates to meet in the cafeteria, tutorial center, library, or the Engineers Club meeting room. Ask your Disability Specialist, counselor, instructor, or Math Department advisor for assistance in forming and using study groups.
- Independent Study courses are available within the Mathematics Department for students who wish to compete on the AMATYC test, a national mathematics test offered three times each academic year.
INSTRUCTOR OFFICE HOURS
Be sure to make time to meet with your instructor early in the semester. Math instructors are available for discussion during scheduled office hours which are listed in your class syllabus and in the schedule of classes. Bring problems and questions with you.
BOOKS, THE INTERNET AND OTHER SUPPORT RESOURCES
- Math resource books are available in the library and bookstore (for instance: How to Solve Word Problems, by Mildred Johnson, and Mastering Mathematics, a study guide for learning mathematics, by Richard Smith). Talk with your instructor for recommendations.
- For guidance and counseling regarding class placement and other concerns in SRJC Mathematics courses contact your DRD Specialist.
- Many internet sites offer math info, chat rooms and problem & solution dialogue. Contact the Math Lab for more information, or surf on your own!
Math Lab & Tutorial Resources
For more information on resources provided by the Math Department, click here.
College Skills (CSKLS) Math Lab
College Skills Math Lab offers software and instructional assistance available for arithmetic, pre-algebra, and beginning algebra.
For more information, including lab hours, click here.
Academic Skills/GED Lab
This lab is offered by College Skills Department and provides FREE easy-access computer labs where you can:
- Study for math and English placement tests.
- Prepare for high school equivalency tests such as the GED and HiSET.
- Improve your reading, math and writing abilities for work and college classes.
For more information click here.
SANTA ROSA JUNIOR COLLEGE TUTORIAL CENTER
The Santa Rosa Junior College Tutorial Centers provide tutoring for SRJC students needing assistance with coursework in many subject areas, at all academic levels, to individuals and small groups in a supportive, interactive environment that fosters student success and independence. Help is free. The centers are staffed by instructional assistants who are experts in their subject areas and by instructor-recommended students who not only have succeeded in the courses they tutor but who enjoy helping others succeed. For more information click here.
CLASSES TO HELP YOU LEARN MATH
SRJC offers a variety of classes to enhance you academic success. Meet with your Disability Specialist or DRD Counselor for more information.


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Department of Mathematics
The department of mathematics was established in the year 1988 with an objective to provide inputs in the subject of mathematics which helps the students to raise their standards in the application part of mathematics in their respective field. The department has well experienced, highly qualified, and committed staff members.
The Department also guides many B.Tech., M.Phil., and Ph.D scholars in their projects and dissertations. The faculty members have published many research papers in reputed journals in addition to presentations of research papers in the National and International conference.
- M.Sc - Mathematics
- M.Phil - Mathematics
- Ph.D. - Full time and Part time
The Department organizes
- Training programme for numerical aptitude tests
- Foundation course for the first year students
- Bridge course for the Lateral Entry students
- Workshops, Seminars, National / International Conferences, for the subject up-gradation
- Special Coaching for non-maths students
- Remedial classes for slow learners
Research and Development Activities
- Areas of specialization - Algebra, Topology, and Graph Theory, Stochastic Processes,Fuzzy logic and Matrix theory
- Organized a Two day International Conference on Algebra and its Applications (ICOAA)funded by the National Board for Higher Mathematics (NBHM-DAE), Mumbai. Experts from Italy, Germany, the United States and various parts of India took part in the two day event.
- Organized International conference on Recent trends in Discrete Mathematics and its Applications to Science and Engineering (ICODIMA).


This post was written by Samantha Scibelli, a finalist in the 2013 Intel Science Talent Search, the nation’s most prestigious pre-college science competition. Intel STS alumni have made extraordinary contributions to science and hold more than 100 of the world’s most coveted science and math honors, including the Nobel Prize and the National Medal of Science. Learn more about Samantha and the other 2013 Intel Science Talent Search finalists here.
It’s no secret that the number of young girls that are interested in math and science is extremely low. In today’s world STEM careers are being pushed more than ever, and numerous initiatives to get more women involved in these fields are being created.
But with all of these initiatives I think one point should really be stressed if we want to exceed in this goal. I believe that in order to get young girls interested in math and science, they need strong female role models in their lives. Someone they can look up to and say, “I want to be just like her when I grow up.” Female teachers, nurses, doctors, mothers etc. should all be willing to take on the responsibility of becoming a role model to younger girls.
It’s not enough to tell a young girl that she can do anything she puts her mind to; she needs an extra push. A young girl needs to be able to see a woman who has made her dream a reality, so she can see herself doing the same. I have been fortunate enough to have had many great female role models in my life. My mother, my research teacher and my mentor have all taught me that I can be a successful woman in science. In fact, because of the influence of my mentor, I have decided to pursue a PhD in physics. I truly believe that the main reason for all of the amazing success I have with my research is due to the strong female figures in my life. Therefore, I wish the same type of influence for any girl who has even the slightest interest in math and science.
Too many times I have come across girls who tell me that they feel like they could never become a doctor or engineer because it’s too hard. That drives me crazy! I think that there is this preconceived idea that math and science are the hard subjects saved for those super smart kids. That is just not the case! Anyone can get involved in math and science and it’s not only important in today’s world – it’s fun! I think girls who have a support system of women will understand that it’s ok to try something outside the box and will be willing to take challenges in their education. I hope that someday I can become that role model for younger girls and get them interested in the fields of science and math that I adore so much.


The medium of instruction for formal classroom teaching at HKBU is English, except for those courses that are granted exemption.
HK$42,100 (local); HK$140,000 (non-local)
This programme is designed to provide students with a solid foundation in mathematical and statistical concepts with an aim towards developing logical thinking and analytical skills that are applicable to various career fields.
Special emphasis on applications in industrial and commercial areas is stressed, and students are well trained in the use of various computer software packages to solve real-life problems in management science, logistics, computer visualization, computational finance, engineering design, actuarial science, clinical research, industrial applications, social science research and others.
Concentration options in Actuarial Statistics, Financial Risk Management, Operations Research, Quantitative Data Analysis and Scientific Computing. Students can graduate without any Concentration or with one or two Concentration(s) according to their interest and career goal.
Concentration in Financial Risk Management is jointly offered by the Department of Mathematics under Faculty of Science and the Department of Finance and Decision Sciences under School of Business, HKBU. Concentration in Actuarial Statistics is jointly offered by the Department of Mathematics at HKBU and the Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science at the Simon Fraser University (SFU), British Columbia, Canada.
Student Learning Experiences
The department would provide students with internship opportunities in the summer, and organize various recruitment talks. The objective is to enhance students’ competitiveness for future employment, and to build a channel through which they can reach their potential employers. Students will work in an organization or a company as interns and complete work assignment that are primarily related to their major study.
The internship is credit bearing, and hence students earn academic credits after satisfactorily completing internship at an approved company or organization. The Census & Statistics Department of the government, iMusicTech Ltd., Convoy Financial Services, and Maxim's have previously offered intern positions to our students.
Careers available to graduates include those in the fields of teaching, applications programming, banking, market research, statistical consultancy, commerce, finance, and government organizations.
1) Students may have the option of taking an integrated programme by extending their undergraduate study by one year, leading to the award of a bachelor's degree in that Major plus a Diploma in Education.
2)^ Subject to annual review and the University's approval.
We adopt a holistic approach in selecting applicants on individual merits. Applicants are required to meet the University entrance requirements, English Language requirements and Programme entrance requirements (if any).
Associate Degree/ Higher Diploma Students/ Holders
AD/ HD holders or students studying in the final year of AD /HD programmes may apply for Year 3 entry.
Transfer students are current students of recognised local/ overseas institutions who are enrolled in a full-time or sandwich government-funded or self-financed degree programme.
Applicants who have completed at least one year of study of a 3-year degree programme or two years of study of a 4-year degree programme may apply for Year 3 entry.
Inter-institutional transfer of students is considered on a case-by-case basis.
Holders of Bachelor’s/ Master’s/ Doctoral Degree or students studying in the final year of a degree programme may apply for Year 3 entry.


Recently I read Seven Brief Lessons on Physics by Carlo Roveli. True to its title, the book is brief, and clocks in at a scant eighty-one pages. Its beauty is in the nearly poetic brevity and the expressive nature of the word choices the author (and translators) use. Unlike massive scientific tomes on particle physics I once attempted to read as a 12-year-old boy, Roveli’s book is written in a way I could have understood even as a young boy.
The book brought me a remembrance of the elasticity of young minds with its references to young physicists like Einstein, and his solving massive problems with simple solutions at a very young age. The book inspired me to write, and this is the result.
When I was a first-grade elementary school student, I recall having a tough time memorizing multiplication tables as students were taught to do at the time. Ever precocious, I wanted there to be some rhyme or reason, a pattern even, to the way we determined the values of these simple mathematical expressions. No, I was told, you just have to add the number you are multiplying by to itself the number of times the multiplier expresses.
For a young, and frankly lazy, Willy Munn, this was an annoyance at best for a number like one, two, and three; and completely unbearable for the silly number nine. You see, not being able to use a calculator or a multiplication table, and being required to show my work meant writing out nine addition problems just to “show my work” and get an acceptable grade.
My young brain started looking for a better way. It wanted to enable the laziness my heart so desired. It wanted to find a way for me to skip writing out these problems and allow me to go back to reading or playing with Lego blocks or watching the Superman movies I taped onto VHS from TV. I WANTED some rule as simple as “1 times anything is the number being multiplied” or “10 times anything is the number being multiplied with a 0 tacked onto the end”. I started to see patterns (we are talking about math after all, which is nothing without patterns). A solution for the ridiculously tedious number nine came first.
Looking at the following multiplication table, I unconsciously looked for patterns I could exploit. What patterns do you see?
I noticed the following in this approximate order:
Reversed Pairs of Numbers as Results
This was the first thing I noticed. 18 and 81, 27 and 72, and 36 and 63 all the results on opposite ends of the table form numeric palindromes. Even 09 and 90 technically work.
Everything Adds Up to Nine
Next, I realized that the first and second digit of every result always add up to 9. This seemed like something exploitable, and I saved the knowledge for later use.
First Digit Is The Number Being Multiplied By Minus One.
Eureka! I had a formula (even if I didn’t know that’s what it was called). I could take any number one through ten and subtract one from it for the first digit. Then I could subtract that number from nine to get the second digit. Simplicity itself!
I took my solution to Mrs. D, my first-grade teacher, for confirmation. I just knew she would be so happy and proud that I had found a better way to do multiplication by nines.
My youthful supposition couldn’t have been farther from the truth.
Mrs. D. assured me that this was not the proper way to do the math and that I must write our all of my answers as she had taught. Needless to say, if young Willy Munn was a thing besides lazy, he was stubborn. I dug in my heels, so to speak. I refused to do this work stating that I would sooner die than do unnecessary work after I had found a better solution. Predictably, Mrs. D marched me right down to the principal’s office and demanded that he deal with my insubordination. She suggested corporal punishment if necessary.
The principal of my elementary school, Mr. F looked at me with kind, wise eyes, mostly gray hair, and just a quirk of a smile on the edge of his lips, and asked me to explain my method to him. I was nervous. I didn’t know what this corporal punishment was, but it sounded serious. With sweaty little palms and a mildly shaky voice, I explained my idea for the number nine. Mr. F asked some thoughtful questions and proved my hypothesis on the blackboard in his office. Then, to the joy of my young heart, he said the words I had so desired to hear from Mrs. D, “Willy, it looks like you’ve come up with a better way to solve this problem. At least for you.” Then the golden words of freedom, “Mrs. D, since this proves out, it shouldn’t be necessary for Willy to write out all of his multiplication solutions should it?” Mrs. D grudgingly agreed with her boss, although I’m fairly sure she held a cold, dark place in her heart for me for the rest of the year. In retrospect, maybe I shouldn’t have challenged her so directly, but I was 6 and thought the world revolved around me.
Mrs. D grudgingly agreed with her boss, although I’m fairly sure she held a cold, dark place in her heart for me for the rest of the year. In retrospect, I shouldn’t have challenged her the way I did, but I was six and thought the world revolved around me.
I went on to “discover” patterns for other simple multiplication problems that saved me a bit of time over the years, and even eventually memorized all the basic times tables. For several years, I got away with doing all of my math problems in my head and never showing my work. This irritated my teachers to no end and probably is what made learning manual Calculus feel like one of the most tedious tasks I’ve ever undertaken.
Many years later, while attending Southern Utah University, I learned additional math practices in my Discrete Mathematics class that used similar patterns and approaches to my early experimentation. Fun realization, that.
The Point (There Is One)
I knew, even as a youth, I had spent more time working on this solution than it would have taken just to write out the problems as I had been asked.
Today, I recognize my solution as less simple from the Mrs. D’s viewpoint. She was giving students one tried and true way of solving all multiplication problems. While it wasn’t easier for me to achieve my work, it was certainly simpler to teach. Just because there is a pattern or formula, doesn’t make a solution better based on that merit alone.
A fractal bacteria colony may BE simple once you understand it, but at first glance, it seems strange and complex.
All anecdotes aside, the pursuit of better, simpler solutions is one that I’ve been chasing from a young age. It is the same pursuit of any scientist including the computer scientist. Let’s not forget this as we write code. Our ultimate goal should be the simpler solution because it will lead to better, more maintainable code. It will save time overall even if there is an opportunity cost up front.
We must remember that what is simpler from our particular point of view may not make sense from another’s perspective. A simple solution is only as good as our colleagues’ ability to grasp it.


All my life I have struggled with math; to the point where I find myself enraged every time I have to look at a math problem; I used to throw my math book on the ground because I got so frustrated; 25 years later; in college I find myself doing the same exact thing. Throwing a fit like a kid because I just don’t fuckin get it. I don’t know what the exact diagnosis is but I have a learning disability in math and it used to make me feel so stupid. I will never forget when I was about 9 years old; they moved me from my special education class to a regular classroom; I had no idea what so called “normal kids” were like. Anyways this teacher made me go up to board and solve a math problem in front of all the students; I can still remember turning red and hearing them laugh when I couldn’t figure it out and the more they laughed; the angrier I became at them but also at myself. I was angry at this teacher for putting a child with disabilities on display; knowing I struggled with it. In fact I hope things in school have changed since the early 90’s. I felt so stupid because the other kids understood math with ease and I would look at a problem a million times and I still couldn’t figure it out. Due to the bullying they moved me back to the special ed class ( at least for Math) and I was given easy math assignments I could understand and got plenty of one on one help. By the time I hit high school I was still getting help for my learning disabilities and by that point; I don’t remember any math courses; then again it was a chaotic time in my life. I just remember now having to deal with math from 7th grade on; I figured I was free and never needed it again; I couldn’t have imagined at that time going to college in the future. I got kicked out of high school and ended up in a bunch of alternative schools and their only requirement was that I showed up; not a lot of expectations. I look back and I feel cheated but I was a troubled kid and I needed to be there.
So fast forward to 2018 and I am so close to my degree. I have all of my classes passed; all the internships done; a good grade point average and I have taken 1 developmental math course ( passed by the skin of my teeth) Now I am in the second class and it has to with prime numbers and simplifying fractions. mixed numbers etc; probably basis shit to most people, but for someone with maybe 6th grade knowledge of math ( and that is stretching it) it is all complex. I don’t know how to divide or multiply without a calculator and the class requires that I not use a calculator for the first two weeks ( I had a assumed i could use the calculator from the start) A lot of the coursework is done online ( thank god) but the tests are done in the computer lab ( which does not help my anxiety) Yesterday was ok; I took notes of all the basis concepts and was able to finish some assignments; i felt confident. Today I worked all day ( I am in retail and cannot take weekends off) so I was already tired. I came home again and started on my math work; took notes and tried to limit distractions. When it came to taking the practice tests; I drew a blank and had to google the answers just to finish the assignment; it doesn’t help because I still don’t understand the concepts and I again feel like that 9 year old kid; I feel stupid, frustrated and incapable of learning this math.
I asked my family for help and said because of my temper they refused to help ( which is understandable) but that just frustrates me further; I feel helpless sometimes. I just say to myself I can write a 10 paper in a few days and get and A, but I can’t solve a simple 7th grade math problem; it hurts. It’s the weekend; I am working; I can’t go to the school so I am sitting here; trying to calm myself down and take it a day at a time ( or in my case; a fraction at a time). I am going to get the right documentations and ask for accommodations because I need help. I NEED HELP!! There is also free tutoring and I am going to take advantage of that too. I know I can do this with the right help and resources; I am not stupid; in fact I consider myself quite bright; I just have a disability and it isn’t my fault. And I’m not 9 years old and no one is laughing ( as far as i know) I hope someone out there understands where I am coming from. The lesson of all of this is never be afraid to admit you have a problem and don’t be afraid to ask for help and never ever think or allow someone to make you feel like you are stupid due to a disability. You are not stupid; you just have a different way of learning things and need to find a way to adapt. With that ,I am emotionally drained and I am spending the rest of the night watching movies and leaving the math until tomorrow.


Within some of the widgets on your dashboard, you will notice a percentage increase or decrease that is relative to the date range selected at the widget configuration stage of set-up.
This percentage indicates how your data has changed since a previous period of time.
If the current value displayed in your widget is greater than 0 and the previous value was 0, the percentage increase will be the current value multiplied by 100.
For example, if you have a widget that is displaying 50 Facebook Ad Clicks over the past 7 days and, in the previous 7 days, this same ad received 0 clicks, then the widget will show a percentage increase of 5000%.
However, if the value isn’t 0, the percentage change will be calculated slightly differently i.e Increase ÷ Original Number × 100
Using the same example, if the next week you have 60 clicks on your ad, the percentage increase will be 20% since the previous 7 days
If you still have queries about the percentages displayed in your widgets be sure to get in touch with our team via email@example.com.


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Before you begin, be sure to select the difficulty setting and math function that you want.
These options are at the top of the page and can only be changed after the game has stopped.
The difficulty option shows the range of numbers that the problem can be constructed from, (0-
To start a session, click on the 'New Player' button.
Enter your name, then click on the 'Start game' button to begin answering the problems.
To answer a problem, just click on the button under the answer you want.
The game will track how many answers you get right and wrong and how long it takes you to get the correct answer (in seconds).
You can stop the game at any time by clicking on the 'Stop game' button.
This will put your current score in the Highscores area at the bottom.
To switch players, click on the 'New Player' button.
As you switch players, the previous player's score will be added to the Highscores area.
<input type=button value="Back to the game" onclick="window.location='#top'">
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The bonus problem is being offered to the most advanced students in the class, as a possible alternative to all the regular homework assignments.
The problem involves a tachyonic (but otherwise perturbatively consistent, i.e. modular invariant etc.) heterotic string theory in ten (uncompactified, flat) spacetime dimensions, and with the Yang-Mills gauge group given by (just one copy of) E_8. This theory was first found in the following paper (it appears there as the final model listed in Table I):
H. Kawai, D.C. Lewellen and S.-H. H. Tye, " Classification of Closed Fermionic String Models," Phys. Rev. D34 (1986) 3794.
The .pdf version of that paper can be found here.
Here is the list of tasks to be performed in this bonus assignment. The questions/tasks that appear between stars (like *this*) are purely voluntary, and represent a challenge for the truly inquisitive student; they may not even have a well-understood answer!
(1) Consider the free string spectrum of the model. Discuss the massless states, the tachyonic state(s), and all states at the first massive level above the massless level where physical states survive the GSO projection (i.e., write the states in terms of oscillators acting on the ground state). In particular, discuss in detail the GSO projection in various sectors of the theory. Discuss transformation properties of these states under E_8 as well as the space-time Lorentz group. Write down the vertex operators associated with all the massless states.
(2) In the fermionic representation of the model, write down the explicit prescription for summing over spin structures in the one-loop string amplitude, i.e., on a torus. What is the generalization of this prescription to higher-order amplitudes, i.e., to a genus g Riemann surface?
(3) Find a reasonably compact expression for the one-loop vacuum amplitude in the theory. How much physical information can you extract from this expression?
(4) Find the E_8 current algebra on the worldsheet in terms of the 32
worldsheet fermions of [Kawai, Lewellen and Tye], and verify the operator
product expansion of E_8.
(4a) What is the level of the E_8 current algebra?
(4b) What is the central charge of the E_8 current algebra? (verify)
(5) Write the spectrum in terms of the E_8 current algebra and a minimum number n of extra fermions. What is the value of n? *Is there a good physical reason for precisely this value of n?*
(6) Write down the relevant worldsheet operator corresponding to the tachyon. *What is the outcome of the relevant deformation of the worldsheet theory by this operator?*
(7) *Can you find a bosonic realization of this heterotic model, in terms of a lattice compactification?*
(8) **What is the outcome of the tachyon condensation in this model?**


Oblong Wheel Bicycle
I fantasized one day about a peculiar illusion – a bicycle with oblong wheels that rides normally like a bicycle with round wheels. Why? I’m not sure honestly, but after sitting down and thinking hard about how to achieve such a thing, I realized it was a great critical thinking/math problem.
It turns out that graphing the height of the center of an ellipse as a function of time produces an interesting waveform. My assumption was that it would be a sinusoid related to the eccentricity of the ellipse, but it turns out to look like this:
Understanding this, I pursued a scotch yoke, (reciprocating mechanism) whose input was the oscillation of an axle attached to the center of the ellipse and whose output would be attached to the handlebars/frame in order to keep it steady.
The idea was to have the axle bob up and down (as does the rod in the GIF) and steady rest would be attached to the handlebars. I struggled however to develop a scotch yoke mechanism with a certain dwell that was mathematically related to the eccentricity of the wheel, (and also keep the wheel in phase with the center mechanism on which the scotch was attached), so I changed the design that incorporated a bearing on the end of the bike’s axle that would roll along an inner ellipse 90 degrees out of phase with the big ellipse touching the ground.
This design wasn’t smooth and definitely wouldn’t scale well because the bearing had a tough time climbing the inner ellipse (who’s eccentricity was inversely proportional to its size).
The best solution came with the idea to put a bearing at the end of the axle beyond the center of the ellipse and have it roll along an inner track along the edge of the ellipse. The axle is held upright with a pin through the center of the ellipse and the axle. The key here is that, with the axle upright, the height of the edge of the track is at a constant height from the ground, so, the axle never oscillates up and down!
Pictured below is the mathematical proof that relates the inner bearing track to the eccentricity of the oval, graciously given by Dr. David Jacobs.
Below is a video detailing the actual solution. You can also add some rake to the forks by rotating the inner track proportional to the amount of rake.


Welcome to Tsinghua
The Tsinghua Mathcamp is a summer camp for mathematically talented and strongly motivated secondary school students from all across China. This year,a highly selected group of students will be invited to join a four-week rigorous program to explore the art of creative problem solving with mathematical masters.The Mathcamp will also offer a range of opportunities for students to work on research projects through collaborative discoveries guided by their coaches and teachers. Camp activities are geared towards sparking creativity in students rather than facts gathering. The 2016 camp will be primarily sponsored by the Department of Mathematical Sciences at Tsinghua University,and the Tsinghua Mathematical Sciences Center.
Schedule: Program schedule will be announced.
Time: The 4-week camp runs during July 17 -- August 13, 2016.
Camper Selection criteria: We want to select 50-60 of the best students, usually aged 15-17, based on a combination of exam grades and school recommendations.
Camp Activities: This will be dual-track summer camp with pure and applied math courses running in parallel everyday, five days a week, for four weeks; each student attends three 90-minute classes per day in either track. In addition, we have a 3-hour (with breaks in between) discussion session in small groups led by coaches who are advanced undergraduate or graduate students; homework will be assigned, graded, and discussed on a regular basis; students will also be working on research projects throughout the camp period. On the last day of the camp, students will have an opportunity to present their research findings. We also plan to invite world renowned mathematicians to give guest lectures or colloquiums during the camp. All classes and discussions will be conducted in English.
Topics: In 2016, the pure math component will cover topics in (1) Linear Algebra, (2) Algebraic Combinatorics, (3) Analysis and Topology; the applied math component includes topics in (4) Computer Science, (5) Probability and Statistics, (6) Computational Mathematics.


One can treat a tensegrity a little bit like a sculpture. It is possible to make slight adjustments to a basic tensegrity, by changing chords and strut lengths. Compared with chiseling it has the advantage that one can return to the former level if the result didn't turn out as expected.
In the picture one can see slight deviations of a basic 3-strut tensegrity. In the series all chords have the same length, only the strut lengths vary. In the left tensegrity the three struts are all the same, but moving to the right, two struts get shorter and, for compensation, one strut gets longer.
The calculation of the length of the longest strut in each of the tensegrities above, might be a little bit more complex than expected. In the separate section MATHEMATICSon this website one can find an introduction of this topic. It is just an introduction because tensegrity-mathematics is a study on its own, wich is illustrated by the abstract of the "Review of Form-Finding Methods for Tensegrity Structures" by A.G. Tibert and S. Pellegrino: "Seven form-finding methods for tensegrity structures are reviewed and classified. The three kinematical methods include an analytical approach, a non-linear optimisation, and a pseudo-dynamic iteration. The four statical methods include an analytical method, the formulation of linear equations of equilibrium in terms of force densities, an energy minimisation, and a search for the equilibrium configurations of the struts of the structure connected by cables whose lengths are to be determined, using a reduced set of equilibrium equations. It is concluded that the kinematical methods are best suited to obtaining only configuration details of structures that are already essentially known, the force density method is best suited to searching for new configurations, but affords no control over the lengths of the elements of the structure. The reduced coordinates method offers a greater control on elements lengths, but requires more extensive symbolic manipulations."
In the table below you can see the calculated strut lengths of the longest struts according to two tensegrity experts: Bob Burkhardt (who wrote an excellent book "A Practical Guide to Tensegrity Design") and Jan Marcus a Dutch tensegrity friend of mine. Both Burkhardt and Marcus used their own computer program to calculate the strut length. Of course these computer programs can be used to solve more complex tensegrity problems. In this case the tensegrity has only three struts, which makes the problem relatively easy and solvable with the aid of "Pythagoras" equations. A demonstration how the strut lengts can be calculated can be seen indissimilar. But the interesting point here is that as you can see their results differ a little expressing the difficulty in calculating these lengths. The six digits with which Burkhardt expresses his results says something about the accuracy of the man Burkhardt himself.
|long strut lengths according to|
|short strut length||Marcus||Burkhardt|
In the series below, again five tensegrities: going to the reight, two struts shrink while the other two grow. All strings have the same length.
Much easier to calculate is the series below. The picture shows a basic 3-strut tensegrity that undergoes a linear transformation: The original tensegrity at the left is flattened bij an increasing factor and at the same time the tensegrity is stretched in the right direction by that same factor.
Some people might think that there is only a limited number of variations of tensegrities. At least that was what I thought once, till my experience told me different. Each time I built a configuration new variations turned up in my mind till I had so many variations in my head I didn't where to start.
The following pictures show variations on one theme. All tensegrities have an empty truncated terahedron heart surrounded by twelve struts, all equal.
"big nose, jug-ears and a long neck"
Normally I don't appreciate struts touching eachother, but in this case I think the result is quite nice.


The Logistic Curve and the Logistic Probability Distribution
James E. Ciecka. (2013). The Logistic Curve and the Logistic Probability Distribution. Journal of Legal Economics 19(2): pp. 83-96.
Pierre François Verhulst (1804-49) developed and named the logistic curve in 1845. Siméon Denis Poisson (1781-1840) created, but did not name, the logistic probability distribution in 1824. Their work had some similarities in form but captured different ideas. Verhulst wrote about population growth, but Poisson contributed to mathematical statistics. The first appearances of the logistic curve and the logistic probability distribution are the subjects of this historical note. Section II contains Verhulst’s theory of population growth after summarizing Thomas Malthus’ (1766-1834) views on population, which provide the environment within which Verhulst lived and worked. Section III summarizes Poisson’s derivation of the logistic probability distribution. The note ends with a conclusion in Section IV.
James E. Ciecka


The internal rate of return, or IRR, is the interest rate that provides a net present value, or NPV, of future cash flows equal to the initial investment amount. NPV assumes that cashflows are realized at the end of periods. IRR assumes that the cashflows happen at regular intervals. For well-behaved cashflow models, Depending on the number of cash flows and their values, IRR can require many iterations to generate an accurate result. Microsoft Excel stops after 20 tries. Total In the cash flow table for the financial analysis, the cash inflows or returns are entered when they actually occur. A given output may be paid for (to the project The rate of return available to investor, should they choose to invest funds elsewhere rather than in Interest rate at which the PW of cash flow equals 0. Excel IRR function = IRR(A1: AXX) where A1:AXX represents the rows where you have Calculate the internal rate of return of a cash flow schedule having any number of non-uniform investments and XIRR vs IRR; How to calculate XIRR in Excel. XIRR accepts two parameters: dates and cash flows. See example above. NB: The IRR excel function will assume equal time periods, hence why we use XIRR.
To help you manage your business investments, Microsoft Excel includes many timesaving functions, including an annual growth rate formula called internal rate of return (IRR).It automatically calculates the average annual rate of return based on a list of transaction amounts where cash flows occur regularly.
26 Feb 2014 Internal rate of return, or IRR, instead looks at cash flows over time from open it in Excel or any other spreadsheet app to get started quickly. 23 Apr 2018 The easiest way to calculate this is to plug the cash flows into excel and use the “ =IRR” function. The formula is simply discounting the cash flows The IRR for that series of cash flows as reported by Excel's IRR function is 3.803961% (but that assumes they were annual cash flows). That C 5 Jan 2016 In other words, to find NPV we just take the present value of a series of future cash flows at a particular discount rate, then simply subtract out what The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate providing a net value of zero for a future series of cash flows. The IRR and net present value (NPV) are used when selecting investments
The anticipated return rate (-20%) put in the guess argument helps Excel arrive at the result: =XIRR(A2:A7, B2:B7, -20%) How to calculate XIRR for monthly cash flows. For starters, please remember this – whatever cash flows you are calculating, the Excel XIRR function produces an annual rate of return.
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is a metric that allows investors to compare investments The IRR takes into consideration the structure of cash flows from your like Microsoft Excel, offer a function that allows you to calculate the IRR easily. 19 Nov 2014 is the present value of the cash flows at the required rate of return of with financial calculators and Excel spreadsheets, NPV is now nearly IRR is the rate or return or discount rate at which NPV is zero. PV of perpetuity is simply C/r, wherein C is the same cash flow every year and r is the discount rate 14 Feb 2016 Calculating the IRR for a project with an initial outlay and single cash flow is very easy to do. It's also very practical for measuring the returns on
19 Nov 2014 is the present value of the cash flows at the required rate of return of with financial calculators and Excel spreadsheets, NPV is now nearly
Microsoft Excel provides the IRR function, which will solve for the rate of return for a series of periodic cashflows. The basic function takes two arguments: a
The Excel function takes two arguments: Firstly, it provides the range of cash flow events (B3: B10), and secondly a "guess" for the first-pass IRR (0.1). The actual
NPV assumes that cashflows are realized at the end of periods. IRR assumes that the cashflows happen at regular intervals. For well-behaved cashflow models, Depending on the number of cash flows and their values, IRR can require many iterations to generate an accurate result. Microsoft Excel stops after 20 tries. Total In the cash flow table for the financial analysis, the cash inflows or returns are entered when they actually occur. A given output may be paid for (to the project
Examples of Average Rate of Return Formula (With Excel Template) Secondly, the average rate of return is not based on the actual cash flow and only use the accounting information. Another thing is that if two projects have a similar return, we cannot differentiate between these project based on the amount of investment required Internal Rate of Return in Excel Step 1 – Cash inflows and outflows in a standard format. Below is the cash flow profile of the project. You should put the cash flow profile in the standardized format as given below. Step 2 – Apply the IRR formula in excel. A tutorial about using the Microsoft Excel financial functions to solve time value of money problems involving uneven cash flows. This tutorial also shows how to calculate net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and modified IRR (MIRR). Why use XIRR vs IRR. XIRR assigns specific dates to each individual cash flow making it more accurate than IRR when building a financial model in Excel. The Internal Rate of Return is the discount rate which sets the Net Present Value of all future cash flow of an investment to zero. Use XIRR over IRR Using Excel to calculate IRR with unequal timing of cash flows In the chart below, we have management's estimation for the initial cost and cash flow returns for both the expansion and new Here, in the analysis of two investment alternatives (one more expensive than the other), the return on the additional cost. It is computed as the internal rate of return on the incremental cash flow.In this analysis, the alternative with an incremental internal rate of return higher than the minimum acceptable rate of return is considered the better choice. Calculating Internal Rate of Return. The internal rate of return (IRR) function requires two parameters and possibly an optional one: The initial investment. This should be negative, because it's a cash outflow. A list of the periodic returns. These can be positive or negative.


In the next two examples you're likely to have a number in the front part of the algebra within the bracket. In the event the sample procedure isn't revealed, it may be biased. In the newest instance, a soft memory error appears to be the culprit.
If your new house is to be a two story, the adjacent walls of the house and the garage needs to be draft stopped over the ceiling line to the base of the second floor. The expression within the brackets can currently be factored using the decompostion approach. For instance, a normal propane compressor might have a k-value at suction conditions of 1.195.
Top What Is a Coefficient in Math Secrets
Flight is a phenomenon that has for ages been a portion of the pure world. The idea of lift is truly very straightforward. This issue is actually synthetic-division ready.
Just showing an idea works in plenty of cases isn't sufficient to earn a notion into a theorem. Reality is considerably more messy. To that, it is quite simple.
What Is a Coefficient in Math essay source - What Is It?
Getting divorced in Maryland is much like getting divorced in the majority of other states. The top term is simply 1, so this is the easy case of factoring. This guide covers the fundamentals of filing for divorce in Maryland.
There are a lot of approaches to instantiate and use statistics. With energy conservation getting more and more prevalent today, purchasing a house that's the most energy efficient as possible is a superb method of reducing carbon emissions, helping the surroundings, and above all saving you money. The increased part of students with learning problems are those who find it challenging to remember patterns.
An individual must be sound in mathematics in order to begin machine learning. If you're lucky, you can locate math grinds for a very low price. One has to be sound in mathematics as a way to start machine learning.
Most Noticeable What Is a Coefficient in Math
The calculation of the typical deviation is tedious enough alone. To understand the outcome of the correlation coefficient formula, you must comprehend what the values mean.
The coefficient of the most important term is called the top coefficient. A value of zero for r doesn't mean that there's no correlation, there might be a nonlinear correlation. The last term doesn't have any explicitly written coefficient, but is thought to have coefficient 1, since multiplying by that factor wouldn't change the expression.
The Awful Side of What Is a Coefficient in Math
It is a particular application of lapbooks. The requirement for GJ operations is that the very first component in the coefficients-matrix has to be non-zero. It's possible that you see our early user gain in the chart above.
We need to negate the indication of the derivative. Repeat the process until you crash out of columns to add. The 2 properties are believed to be negatively co-related.
In the event the points are scattered about then there might be no correlation. As Sectional Densityis an important input to Ballistic Coefficient, we will take a look at that first. Because the major coefficient is simply 1, I am aware that the top coefficient of every one of those binomials must also have been just 1.
Decomposition Method Many individuals may find out how to factor by employing trial and error, but this can be hard to grasp and is difficult to explain. Be aware that correlations should only be calculated for a whole selection of data. Regression analysis is most frequently employed for prediction.
There are two methods to access formulas in Excel. Display mode equations must appear on their own line. A standard task in math is to compute what is known as the absolute value of a particular number.
A matrix is only a rectangular grid of numbers. To begin with, you want to comprehend your squares. Be aware that in case you don't recognize it as a perfect square, it might still be able facoted by the decomposition method to find precisely the exact same answer.
Put the values of both variables you want to correlate into two columns of the precise length. They are found below. A number alone is known as a Constant.
The Downside Risk of What Is a Coefficient in Math
This comparison draws attention to the manner time is fast and stealthy. Although the Correlation Coefficient on-line essay spends quite a lot of time in positive territory, it's negative the huge bulk of the moment. Sometimes getting the appropriate data might be the hardest aspect of a project, especially if you are trying to do something new.
The Little-Known Secrets to What Is a Coefficient in Math
The idea of randomness is really hard to define precisely. A regression involving multiple associated variables can create a curved line in some instances. In several instances, it may boost the random algorithm.
It comes into play when you own a dataset with several capabilities. It is a rather hard to develop a more efficient strategy. Otherwise, you're less likely to see positive outcomes.
Life, Death, and What Is a Coefficient in Math
In quotes, you've got to specify where the data file can be located on your computer. It is crucial to validate our results. Well, maybe you do and maybe you don't.
Thus, there's no need to restrict the most amount of RAM could be found in a single purchase. The nail flying point forward has an extremely highsectional density as it's long and skinny. A circle with a larger diameter is going to have a larger circumference.
The Bernoulli equation states a gain in velocity leads to a decline in pressure. Even though the Correlation it spends a good amount of time in positive territory, it's negative the vast majority of the moment. The coefficient of variation needs to be computed just for data measured on a ratio scale, since these are the measurements that enable the division operation.


Math for Engaged Learning: General Mathematics Second Edition is intended to
cater to the needs of senior high school students following the standards set by DepEd
as indicated in the K to 12 curriculum guide. Emphasis is given on mathematical skills and
performance tasks or project-based activities. It uses mastery and analytical approach.
The discussions vary in style depending on the topic of interest so that the approach may
involve backward design, discovery approach, or outcomes-based approach. This book
covers functions and their graphs, basic business mathematics, and logic.


Every day this week, my bus, the C2, has sailed past at the moment when I could see the road it takes, but was too far from the stop to get it. This covers the period when I am between around 50 and 10 yards from the bus stop.
Now the C2 comes roughly every 7 minutes. I timed how long it takes me to travel the distance over which I can see the bus but can't get on it. As luck would have it, the answer is 42.7 seconds.
7 minutes = 420 seconds.
420/42 = 10 42-second periods in which any one bus could go past.
This seems to mean that the chances of the bus going past in the particular period when it is most annoying four days in a row are (1/10)^4 = 1/10,000 (assuming my choice of 42-second period is random).
Is my maths wrong or are the bus gods against me?


What is a numerical reasoning test?
Numerical reasoning tests are often used as pre-employment screening assessments to gauge the proficiency of candidates in being able to apply basic maths to solve problems.
The questions in the numerical reasoning assessment are quite often presented with data in tables or graphs, and there are sometimes word problems that need to be solved.
The content of these tests is based on the maths you would have learned at school, including basic multiplication, addition, division, and subtraction. You will also be expected to be comfortable using other operations such as percentages, ratios, and averages.
In this article, we will look at the basic formulas you will need to know and be comfortable using to get the best score in your numerical reasoning test.
Averages in numerical reasoning tests usually refer to what we know as the mean.
This has a very simple formula:
Sum of the numbers divided by the number of numbers.
To find the average from a group of figures, add them together and divide by how many there are.
Example: The following scores were gained in a test of children's ability, what is the average score? 23, 24, 24, 22, 20.
Adding together the scores gives us a total of 113, which when divided by 5 (the number of children who took the test), we get an answer of 22.6. So the average score for these children is 22.6.
Not all averages are created equal, and there may be questions relating to weighted averages in the assessment. This means there might be variables within the data that need to be accounted for.
Example: Another group of children took the same test, and the average score of these ten children was 24.5. What is the average score of both groups of children?
To work this one out, we need to multiply the data before dividing it by the number of children.
The first group comprised 5 children with an average of 22.5, while the second group had 10 children scoring 24.5, with a total of 15 children taking part. The equation would look like this:
(5 x 22.5) + (10 x 24.5) / 15
112.5 + 245 = 357.50 / 15 = 23.8
The average of all 15 children that took the test is 23.8.
Percentages are used to describe numbers as parts per hundred (translated from Latin per cent) and are used a lot in business - so they are a prominent part of a numerical reasoning test.
Using percentages means increasing and decreasing by a percentage, find the percentage change, and demonstrating the proportion of something to something else.
The basic formula for finding the percentage of something looks like this:
Value / Total x 100.
Example: In a basket of 100 different fruits, there are 45 apples. What percentage of the fruit basket are apples?
45 / 100 = 0.45.
0.45 x 100 = 45%
This can also be used to find out how much of the basket is not apples:
100 - 45 = 55
55 / 100 = 0.55
0.55 x 100 = 55%
Find the Percentage Change
A popular question in the numerical reasoning assessment is for the candidate to find how much of an increase or decrease there is between two numbers.
For an increase, the formula is:
New number - original number/original number x 100.
For a decrease, you would use:
Original number - new number/original number x 100
Example: A class at school used to have 26 students, and now they have 32. By what percentage has the class grown?
32 - 26 = 6
6/26 = 0.231
0.231 x 100 = 23.1
The class size has increased by 23.1%
Example: A class at school used to have 32 children, and it now has 26. By what percentage has the class size decreased?
26 - 32 = -6
-6 / 32 = -0.188
-0.188 x 100 = -18.8
The class size has decreased by 18.8%
Percentage Change (Figures)
You might be asked to find the new total when a figure increases or decreases by a percentage. This is another relatively simple formula that you need to remember, but you do have to convert it to a decimal before you can use it.
To convert a percentage to a decimal, just divide it by 100, so 75% would become 0.75.
The formula for finding the new total after a percentage increase is:
(1 + increase) x original amount = new total.
Example: There were 200 people in a room. Their number has increased by 75%. How many people are there in the room now?
1 + 0.75 = 1.75
1.75 x 200 = 350
There are now 350 people in the room.
The formula for finding the new total after a percentage decrease is:
(1 - increase) x original amount = new total.
Example: There were 200 people in the room, but 75% of them have now left. How many people remain in the room?
1 - 0.75 = 0.25
0.25 * 200 = 50
There are 50 people left in the room.
You would need to use a reverse percentage formula to find the original value of something after a percentage increase or decrease. Again, when working with a percentage you would need to change it to decimal for the formula to work correctly.
To find the original value after a percentage increase, the formula would be:
New value / 1 + increase.
Example: The local coffee shop has increased their prices by 25%, and now a coffee costs £3.00. What did it cost before the increase?
25% = 0.25
£3.00 / 1 + 0.25 = £2.40
The coffee was £2.40 before the price increase.
The formula for finding the original value after a percentage decrease is:
New value / 1 - decrease.
Example: A shop is running a 25% off promotion, and you have bought a book that now costs £4.50. How much was it before the promotion?
£4.50 / 1 - 0.25 = £6.00
The book originally cost £6.
Ratios are used to compare the number of one thing to the number of another thing. To work out how much of something there is in one-half of the ratio, you need to know the total amount. It is depicted as two numbers separated by a colon, like this: 1:2.
The formula for X:Y would look like this:
X / X + Y x Total number.
Example: A basket has 50 pieces of fruit, both apples, and oranges in a ratio of 1:4. How many apples are there?
1 / 1 + 4 = 0.2
0.2 x 50 = 10
There are 10 apples.
We can also see that 40 oranges are using this formula.
Rates are used in many different ways in maths, from calculating speed to working out how much you’ll be paid per hour.
The formula is straightforward, based on calculating speed, distance, and time although the figures can be swapped out when necessary to cover other types of calculation.
Rate = distance / time.
Example: You traveled in a car for 2.5 hours and covered 100 miles, how fast did you go?
Distance = 100 miles, time = 2.5 hours
100 / 2.5 = 40
You were traveling at 40mph.
This can also be used to calculate the cost per item of something, too:
Example: A box of 10 chocolates costs £3.00. How much does each chocolate cost?
£3.00 / 10 = £0.30
Each chocolate costs 30p.
How to master numerical reasoning formulas
As mentioned, numerical reasoning tests put candidates in a position where they need to be able to apply their mathematical knowledge to find the right answer, usually from multiple-choice options.
When you are under pressure and exam conditions, including a tight time limit, these formulas can help you answer quickly and correctly, no matter how the question is formatted.
The rules of maths do not change whether you are calculating the cost of something after a price increase, or how much a single egg costs in a box of six.
Practicing using these formulas will help you remember them in the actual assessment and help you improve your score.
You can practice these formulas in lots of readily available online practice sites, and you can even use exam revision sites aimed at students to give you other opportunities to put these formulas into action.


Applied category theory is a topic of interest for a growing community of researchers, interested in studying many different kinds of systems using category-theoretic tools. These systems are found across computer science, mathematics, and physics, as well as in social science, linguistics, cognition, and neuroscience. The background and experience of our members is as varied as the systems being studied. The goal of Applied Category Theory is to bring researchers in the field together, disseminate the latest results, and facilitate further development of the field.
More information can be found here.


You don't need to be a mathematician to appreciate the beauty of geometric shapes around us. That is why we think, you might love our Geometric Collection. And in case you speak Mathematics, this collection is just perfect!
Geometric Bracelet No1 has been carefully handcrafted in silver and features geometric silver beads. Delicate and very classy.
Match it with other items from this collection to achieve a graceful finished look.
Material: Sterling silver 925
Length: 19 cm (7.48 Inch) or 20 cm (7.87 Inch)
Width: 2 cm (0.78 Inch)
Please note, each piece is handmade to order. That means you may wait for your order for up to 3 weeks...but it's worth the wait


With the most recent move by the bank of Canada, it may be time to look at the age old dilemma of fixed vs variable mortgages. Sure over the past few years it made mathematical sense to take and stay with a variable rate mortgage. However the tides may have turned and it is an ideal time to look at this again and see if the numbers favour fixed or variable.
Currently the prime rate is at 6.45%. If your mortgage is insured ( CMHC, Sagen or Canada Gurantee) you will have a discount to prime of between .90 to 1.10 depending on the lender and when you took it out. This will put you around 5.45% for your current mortgage which is now above the 5.25% stress test rate that you qualified when you took out the mortgage.
So depending on your lender you may be able to switch to a fixed rate which would be much less than staying with the variable. So if that is the case then the math will work in the favour to switch. However some of the big 5 banks only offer the discounted rate at the start of the term and in those cases to switch out of variable will have you paying more. Do the math and see what makes the most sense to you.
Today I am thankful for all the birthday wishes from my kids, my family and my friends, a great workout to start the day and all the opportunities in front of me.
I look forward to hearing from you in regard to your mortgage needs.
p.s.s- I should tell you that I am licensed in Nova Scotia Brokerage (2022-3000179) Broker (2022-3000180), Ontario(M18001555) & in British Columbia(BCFSA #504098).
p.s.s.s You can download my new mortgage app here


FOCI ALGEBRAIC CURVES
|| Hirsch Anton Georgievich
This article explains the concept of the foci of algebraic curves shows the basic principle of the curve-theory and offers a method for the identification of the foci. The geometric picture of the foci is shown in a diagram, which is putted together from two tables. One table shows the real curve with her foci, the other table shows an imaginary cut of the curve, on which the isotropic line contacts the cut and under them intersects in a real point. The point is a focal point of the real curve. This project shows 16 diagrams for conic, cubes and quadrics.
Keywords: algebraic curve; circular curve; order of the curve; class of the curve; conics; cubics; quartics; isotropic lines; cyclical points; ideal line; imaginary section; tangent line; ordinary foci; special foci.


The possibility of blind children and adults learning and teaching STEM subjects is being considered by the National Association for the Blind-Karnataka (NABK).
Story so far: The exhibition “Curious Minds” was organised by NABK and Vividha Trust to honour the curiosity of children with blindness and special needs. The goal of Curious Minds is to demonstrate how visually impaired people may study and be taught STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) subjects.
- For the most part, educational institutions struggle to teach science and math to visually impaired students.
- As a result, when these children finish school, they will be at a disadvantage.
Accessible materials required: In order to help visually impaired children develop holistically, Vividha Trust prepares them for academic and social integration in mainstream schools. Although there are accessible materials for them to use, it is still a problem to help visually impaired children studying STEM courses.


The purpose of the graph is to present numerical facts in visual form so that students can understand quickly, easily and clearly. Thus, graphs are visual representations of collected data. Data can also be presented in the form of a table but a graphical presentation is simple and easier to understand. When there is a trend or comparison to be shown, then this approach is very effective.
In addition to the presentation of data, we can represent functions using graphs while solving them. Graphs show many input-output pairs in a small space, the visual information they provide usually makes relationships easier to understand. We generally construct graphs with the input values along the horizontal axis and the output values along the vertical axis. For each input value, a function has only one output value.
Consider linear functions (which means the highest degree of the variable is one), the graphs of these type of functions are straight lines. In order to determine whether a graph represents a function we can use the vertical line test. If the graph has a downward slant, it indicates a negative slope. This is exactly predicted from the negative constant rate of change in the equation for the function.
A geometric figure designed by two rays sharing a common endpoint (also called the vertex) is known as an angle. The two rays are called the sides of the angle, the size of an angle often measured using degree and radian (also abbreviated as rad). These angles are categorized into various types based on the value of their measures. They are:
- Acute angle: If the measure of the angle is less than 90 degrees, then it is an acute angle.
- Right angle: If the measure of the angle is equal to 90 degrees, then it is called a right angle.
- Obtuse angle: If the measure of the angle is greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees, then it is an obtuse angle.
- Straight angle: If the measure of the angle is equal to 180 degrees, then it is a straight angle.
- Reflex angle: If the measure of the angle is greater than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees, then it is a reflex angle.
- Complete or full angle: If the measure of the angle is equal to 360 degrees, then it is a complete or full angle.
Apart from the measurements of individual angles, they are special relationships between them, which can be formed by adding them. Suppose, when two angles add up to 90 degrees then they are called complementary angles and if two angles add up to 180 degrees, then they are called supplementary angles. That means complementary angles form a right angle and supplementary angles form a straight line.
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Welcome to SolutionUK.
The mathematics of Price / Volume Variance Analysis and
Statistical Datasets are covered in a number of papers shown on this site.
- The first paper deals with the authors work on the development of a
- The second paper deals with elements of the mathematics of variance analysis
- The third paper provides general notes on Automated
Price & Variance Analysis
- The fourth paper deals with the Humphreys Distribution
- The fifth paper discusses the development of an Accurate Dataset
for Monte Carlo Simulation
- The sixth paper investigates the result obtained by Squaring a Normal Distribution
- The seventh paper examines the theory behind the Anderson Darling Test
- The eighth paper describes a process for evaluating a FRS17 liability using Monte Carlo simulation.
- The ninth paper deals with the issue of pension funding


This course is an Annual Subscription.
Junior Cert Trigonometry
This lesson covers both ordinary and higher level junior cert trigonometry.
The following content is covered:
- Pythagoras’ theorem
- Trigonometric ratios (sin, cos and tan)
- Using the calculator to evaluate trigonometric ratios
- Finding missing sides/ angles in a triangle using sin, cos and tan
- Angles of elevation and depression
- Practical trigonometry examples
There is a slide presentation covering the above content.
There are also interactive tutorial videos guiding students through the correct solutions to past exam questions on trigonometry. There are separate videos for ordinary and higher level.
Students can then test their understanding with either the ordinary or the higher level trigonometry quiz.


Calculate how many long tons UK ( long tn ) of concrete are in 1 cubic meter ( 1 m3 ). Specific unit weight of concrete - amount properties converter for conversion factor exchange from 1 cubic meter m3 equals 2.37 long tons UK long tn exactly for the masonry material type.
Specific unit weight of concrete - amount properties converter for conversion factor exchange from 1 cubic meter m3 equals 2.65 short tons US sh tn exactly for the masonry material type. To convert concrete measuring units can be useful when building with concrete and where handling of concrete is required.
Oct 05, 2012 average of 0.12tons of rebars per cubic meter of concrete. It would depend on the CY of concrete. For example, a cubic yard of concrete in a transferbeam will
May 11, 2021 Regarding this, how many tons of rebar per cubic meter of concrete, based on metric measurement system, on average, for general use for taking fair estimate, there are 0.09 tons of rebar needed per cubic meter of concrete for normal construction.
Mar 30, 2010 The Density of normal concrete is assume 150 Lbs/Cft Here i describe the detail to find. The normal concrete has a density of 2400kg/m3, and to convert this in Punds per cubic meter, we can divide the 2400 with 35.31 (1 Cubic meer 35.31 cubic foor) the answer is 67.97 KG/Cft (2400/35.3167.97). then multiply this with 2.204 (1 KG 2.204 Lbs) so the answer is 149.80 Lbs/Cft.
Mar 30, 2021 Converting cubic meters to tonnes. Aggregates are sold by the ton, so you have to convert the volume of the material to weight (m3 to tons). The conversion can be carried out according to 2 formulas 1 e method volume x density / 1000. That is to say, for the sand 0/4 of the preceding plaster 1,200 x
Instant free online tool for cubic meter to ton register conversion or vice versa. The cubic meter m3 to ton register ton reg conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. Also, explore tools to convert cubic meter or ton register to other volume units or learn more about volume conversions.
Apr 08, 2020 One cubic yard of concrete converted to ton US (short) equals to 2.03 sh tn. How many short tons US of concrete are in 1 cubic yard? The answer is The change of 1 cu yd - yd3 ( cubic yard ) unit of concrete measure equals to 2.03 sh tn ( ton US (short) ) as the equivalent measure for the same concrete type. Secondly, how much concrete is a ton?
Jan 18, 2011 Best Answer. Copy. Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, stone, and water. In a cuibic meter of concrete, , there is about 0.3 cubic meters of sand, or about 475 kg. Wiki User.
May 09, 2020 Concrete, Asphalt weighs 2.243 gram per cubic centimeter or 2 243 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. density of concrete, Asphalt is equal to 2 243 kg/m. In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 140 pound per cubic foot lb/ft, or 1.297 ounce per cubic inch oz/inch .
Convert 1 Cubic meters to Tons (metric) (m3 to t) with our conversion calculator and conversion tables. To convert 1 m3 to t use direct conversion formula below. 1 m3 0.001 t. You also can convert 1 Cubic meters to other Space (popular) units.
Convert your density to lb/yd 3. 85 lb/ft 3 2295 lb/yd 3 (1 pound per cubic foot equals 27 pounds per cubic yard) If youre in the US, divide 2295 by 2000 (there are 2000lb in a US ton). If youre in the UK, divide by 2200 (there are 2204.62 lb in a metric tonne) You now have your answer in tons per cubic yard (1.15 US tons or
One cubic meter of concrete is equal to 1.308 cubic yards of concrete. If there are 5 1/2 bags of cement in 1 cubic yard of concrete, there would be 7.2 in 1 cubic meter of concrete. These are the 94 pound bags of portland cement or 42.64 kg bags of cement.
Bulk Concrete and Price Per Ton. One cubic yard of concrete is equal to 2.03 (short) tons which costs an average of $50 to $75 per ton. Bulk concrete is measured and delivered in tons for large commercial applications, and the price will vary depending on the PSI (pounds per square inch) strength required for the job. Return to Top
2.5 tons,maybe get it deliverd on small lorry,hard to shovel out of 1 ton bags. the answer is 2.7 tonnes of ballast (order 3no. 1 tonne bags) 675kgs of cement (51 mix) is 27no. 25kg bags of cement. you will require 2.5 tons of ballast to concrete your area of 5metres x 3 meters at 100mm thick so that will be 3 one ton bags.
4 batches in an hour.5 cubic meters per hour 4 batches in an hour.10 cubic meters per hour 4 batches in an hour.14 cubic meters per hour 4 batches in an hour.16 cubic meters per hour Climbing ability 30% 16.70% 30% 30% Speed range Low speed 0-25 km/h, high speed 0-45
For example, to calculate the volume in cubic meters for a wall with a height of 2m, width of 20cm and length of 4m, you need to multiply 2 x 0.2 x 4, which equals 1.6 m 3 (cubic meters). It is no different for a concrete footing, where we again have the familiar formula h x w x l .
Regarding this, how many tons of rebar per cubic yard of concrete, in United States, based on US customary measurement system, on average, for general use for taking fair estimate, there are 0.075 tons of rebar needed per cubic yard of concrete for normal construction.
Crushed aggregate, one-inch crushed concrete, recycled asphalt, 3/8-inch pea gravel, 2-inch sewer filter rock, and concrete and asphalt aggregate blends all weigh in at 1.07 tons. Pit run gravel follows at 1.25 tons per cubic meter, regardless of whether it is 2-inch or 4-inch.
Jun 27, 2020 As a general guide, 1 cubic yard of aggregate, sand, or dirt is equivalent to 1.5 tons. how many yards is 2 tons gravel? A general rule of thumb when converting cubic yards of gravel to tons is to multiply the cubic area by 1.4. For your reference, gravel typically weighs 2,800 pounds per cubic yard. In addition, there are 2,000 pounds to a ton.
Apr 22, 2020 How do you calculate cubic tons? Length in feet x Width in feet x Depth in feet (inches divided by 12). Take the total and divide by 21.6 (the amount of cubic feet in a ton). The final figure will be the estimated amount of tons required. How many tons is 100 cubic feet? 1
Use.. Typically, weight of building material like concrete, cement, sand, gravel and top soil and dirt is ranging between 1 .5 - 2.4 tonne per cubic metre, as 1m3 1000 litres, in this regard, How many litres are in a tonne, on average there are 410 litres of concrete or 500 to 660 litres of
A solid slab of concrete weighs 4,050 pounds per cubic yard. A cubic yard of broken up concrete weighs 2,025 pounds. A Cubic Yard Of Concrete Weighs 2.025 Tons. In the U.S. a Ton is equal to 2000 pounds. A yard of concrete weighs 4050 pounds on average. If you do the math you get 2.025 Tons per cubic yard of
Our concrete calculator provides you an easy way to calculate concrete volume and estimated cost of concrete slabs, footers, walls, columns, steps, stairs, curbs and gutters in cubic feet, cubic yards, and cubic meters and inches. It makes your construction project planning and budgeting more accurate.
A tonne of moderately damp sand typically fills about 0.625 m 3 (cubic meters). It can be more or less dense depending on water content and the size of the sand particles. Ton vs tonne, tons vs tonnes. When calculating the sands weight, make sure you do not confuse the tonne (metric ton) with the ton (short ton).
How many metric tonnes are in one cubic meter of water? 1 t wt. 1 m 3 / cu m. Definition of cubic meters of water provided by WikiPedia. The cubic meter (in American English) or cubic metre (in British English) is the derived unit of volume. Its symbol is m 3 It is the volume of a cube with edges one metre in length.
I want to figure out how many bags of 40 lb concrete I need to do this. The outer diameter is 10 ft and the inner diameter is 9 ft. The price of the concrete is $108 per cubic yard. The ready mix concrete calculator does the following calculations
100 x .33 33 cubic feet. 33 x .037 1.22 cubic yards. Essentially you are solving for volume and then converting to cubic yards. For concrete, the formula for volume is as follows length x width x thickness. To determine how many bags of concrete you will need, divide the total cubic yards needed by the yield.
Oct 13, 2005 2 cubic metres delivered by Readymic truck is NOT the way to do it. You will pay part load charge for the 4 cubic metres he is NOT carrying. This charge will be about 25 vat per metre (i.e. 117.50) plus the cost of the concrete (say about 65 per cubic metre vat) making the 2 metre delivery about 270
Quantities of Materials Per Cubic Meter of Concrete Mix Proportions. Notes 1. F.A. Fine Aggregates, C.A. Coarse Aggregates 2. The table is based on assumption that the voids in sand and crushed stone are 40 and 45 percent respectively. 3.
Apr 08, 2021 Multiply this number by the area of the slab to get 15 cubic meters (M3), which is the volume of the slab and the amount of concrete you need to buy. How
Instant free online tool for ton register to cubic meter conversion or vice versa. The ton register ton reg to cubic meter m3 conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. Also, explore tools to convert ton register or cubic meter to other volume units or learn more about volume conversions.
How to calculate cubic meters. The cubic meter (or metre, with British spelling), is a unit of volume. In order to calculate the cubic capacity of an object or space, you need to measure a series of dimensions, specifically width, length and height, and then put them into a formula.


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In practice, there are many ways to determine a set gain percentage. A few of the most common are backtesting, adopting industry standards or desirable targets. The process can be nuanced, so conservative estimates are recommended.
In this step, you’ll enter the amount of time in days, weeks, months, quarters or years that the money will stay in the investment. For example, what would happen to $8,000 over one year if you placed it in a product with a 5% APR and that compounded monthly, or one with a 10% APR that compounded at every six months? How would that change if you added an additional $1,000 monthly or $10,000 annually?
Daily Compound Interest
Main disadvantage of compound interest in Forex is that it is hard to have a constant percentage of profit in a certain time period. In 30 trades, or 30 day or 30 months, you define which time period you want to use, you can see how the amount will change. In my case I have used $ as initial balance or initial investment.
additional deposits or withdrawals are included in your calculation, our calculator gives you the option to include them at either the start
or end of each period.
- That can be 1% per month or 2% per month or any other percentage as I have already mentioned.
- That means, if you start with $ and you use a monthly time period, you need to make money that month.
- We explain how compound interest is calculated but we’ll also show you how to use the MarketBeat compound interest calculator to make the process easier.
- In general, the interest on a savings account at a bank is typically compound daily, whereas a certificate of deposit (CD) might be daily, monthly or semi-annually.
Higher compounding percentage return will give you quicker exponential return. That way you can see where the difference is between how much money you can make each month if you compound with daily, weekly or monthly frequency. The main advantage or pros for Forex compounding is the result of the investment after a certain period what are the types of costs in cost accounting where you make more after each month with the same percentage. Is it not easy to find a strategy that will give you profit each month with a guaranteed percentage. If that is easy then all of us would be rich with Forex trading. Time period can be day, week, month or any other period you want to calculate compounding results.
How to calculate compound interest?
Let’s break down compound trading with a simple, relatable example. Imagine you’re an enthusiastic trader, and you’ve just started with an initial investment of $10,000. You’ve got your strategies in place, and you’re aiming for a 5% monthly return. Instead of withdrawing your profits each month, you decide to reinvest them. In an account that pays compound interest, such as a standard savings account, the return gets added to the original principal at the end of every compounding period, typically daily or monthly. Each time interest is calculated and added to the account, it results in a larger balance.
What is positive and negative compounding?
For example, if you put $10,000 into a savings account with a 4% annual yield, compounded daily, you’d earn $408 in interest the first year, $425 the second year, an extra $442 the third year and so on. After 10 years of compounding, you would have earned a total of $4,918 in interest. To calculate the profits from your foreign exchange trading, over a number of periods with a set gain percentage please follow the steps below. By compounding gains over time, small amounts of risk capital can grow exponentially. The stock market, like any other financial market, is unpredictable and is highly influenced by everything from a company’s quarterly report to global political events.
How to Use the Compounding Calculator
With a simple input of the starting balance, the number of periods youre compounding the starting balance and the percentage gain per each period. You will the results in a detailed table showing the progress of the investment per each period. Whether the base currency for your trading is US dollar, UK pound, Euro or any other currency, you’ll find our forex compounding calculator works for you. If you’re trading
in cryptocurrency or any currency whose symbol isn’t represented, simply select the blank square in the currency options. Use the forex compound calculator to calculate the profits you might earn on your foreign exchange currency trading.
Compound interest is the interest calculated on a principal balance over a period of time. This includes the current interest on the principal and the interest on all the interest that has accumulated in the previous period. To calculate compound interest, you need to know a number of variables, such as the principal balance and interest rate. Next, you’ll need to know how much you’ll add to the principal balance and how frequently the interest will compound (the compounding schedule). Use our Value at Risk Calculator to estimate potential losses.
This can help you make informed decisions about your trading strategy and set realistic goals. You can also include how much and at what frequency you plan to take money from the account. The benefits of compounding for investors come primarily through regular and systematic principal growth. Many long-term investors practice the strategy of dollar-cost averaging, which is an ideal way to take advantage of the time value of money. By continuing to buy shares on a regular basis, regardless of price, investors can take advantage of price swings and can see their account grow over time. Because stocks and other equities tend to have a higher rate of growth than bonds or cash, the effect on a portfolio is similar to that of compound interest.
It’s important to understand that time truly is your biggest ally. A dollar that you invest today will be worth significantly more down the road than a dollar invested a month or a year from now. Here are two examples that show how compound interest is calculated with different variables. If the par value (the face value or nominal value) of the bond is $10,000, you will receive $10,700 if you hold the bond to maturity.


Expected value of slot games
Gambling Concepts: Expected Loss - Vegas Click
Free Online Slots - Play 2000+ Free Slot Machine Games Here They offer a free sweepstakes to players who win a certain pre-defined minimum number of credits on their free slot machine games. Since these credits are the virtual equivalent of Monopoly money, if you have a small chance of winning anything at all, your expected value is essentially infinite. What is expected value? probability - Expected winnings of a slot machine ... Of the three wheels on a slot machine where each wheel has ten items: First wheel has 2 flowers, 4 dogs, 4 houses. Second wheel has 6 flowers, 3 dogs, 1 house. Casino Bonus Strategy - GEM – Global Extra Money We’re not doing gambling but Expected Value Betting. Therefore our aim is not beating the casino game but focusing on the extraction of the bonus where we have edge with positive EV (Expected Value). So, Expected Value Betting is Placing Bet with Positive EV. Let’s see a bit of mathematics behind our approach. Expected Value
What makes certain slot games popular over others? How does a software company decide which slot games to develop? Read more about the psychology of slots.
What is the expected value of no deposit bonuses? Slot Boss Casino has a no deposit new player bonus of £10 free (requires supplying credit card details to secure). It has a playthrough of 99x before you can cash out. Its expected value is laid out below: £10 – ((99 x £10) x 1%) = EV £10 – (£999 x 1%) = EV £10 – £9.99 = EV £0.10 = EV. This bonus has a positive value, although just.
What is the expected value of $1 gambled at each type of
What is the expected value of $1 gambled at each type of game in a casino? ... The expected value of different casino games varies, but the expected values of every game in every casino have one thing in common. ... Slot Machines anywhere from $0.98 to $0.85 depending on the game Video Poker $0.99 Blackjack (using some strategy) $0.99 Understanding Expected Value: - Strictly Slots Understanding Expected Value: Learn to expect the expected By Henry Tamburin I often use the term expected value (or EV) when I’m writing about the best video poker playing strategies. Even though EV is foreign to most players, smart players know what that term means and how it is determined. EV is a mathematically […] Casino Games: Expected value all that matters in video poker As far as I know, my father, Lenny Frome, pretty much coined the term Expected Value (or EV for short) where casino games are concerned. He didn’t create the concept of it, nor was he the first ... Calculate the Expected Value in Roulette - ThoughtCo The concept of expected value can be used to analyze the casino game of roulette. We can use this idea from probability to determine how much money, in the long run, we will lose by playing roulette.
When casinos advertise that their slot machines pay out an average of 90 percent , the ... your chances of winning a bigger pot, and the expected value is higher.
A Fair 'Game' Has Zero Expected Value. I bet $1 on ... Payoffs and probabilities are unknown (except on slot machines and roulette wheels) because players bet ... Betting Systems - Positive-Expectation Situations - Wizard of Odds trekon3. Online casinos are not the only ones to offer positive expectation games. ... Does Parrando's Paradox have any implications for negative expectation casino gamblers? ... The expected value after the 10% rebate is (1/11)*$ 1,000,000 + ... Slot Machine Stopping Decisions: Evidence for ... - Stanford University and identical nature of slot machine payout distributions (legally enforced), and the approximate risk- ... Keywords: Uncertainty, Prospect Theory, Expected Utility. Roulette Expected Value - How to Calculate Expected Values in ... What is expected value, and how does it relate to the game of roulette? Learn how ... This is why it is often said that the casino earns its advantage from the zero.
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The remarkable feature debut of Darren Aronofsky (Requiem For A Dream, 2000; Black Swan, 2010) is a cerebral exploration of finding order in chaos masked as a paranoid thriller. Unemployed number theorist Max (Sean Gullette) designs a computer program that he believes will help him make his fortune on the stock market. However, on application the program prints out a seemingly random number of 216 digits before crashing. Attempting to discover the source of the number leads Max to an investigation of the mathematical properties claimed to underly the Torah. His work leads him into increasing danger both from those who wish to use his discovery, and to his own sanity in this gripping and intriguing film.


Factor Stochastic Volatility (FSV) models are useful for managing investment risk and constructing portfolios. They possess a latent low-dimensional random process to help explain a higher-dimensional vector of finacial returns. This hidden process can represent anything the investor deems pertinent Despite being expressive models in this class are exceedingly difficult to estimate. Within a Bayesian framework Gibbs sampling is the most common approach yet this is only available for some models used along with certain priors. Variants of Metropolis-Hastings are theoretically justified however they do not mix well in practice. We argue that Particle Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques a newer set of likehood-free MCMC algorithms are well-suited to this task. We describe the general principles of the algorithm strategies for parallelization and show some examples of estimating different models. We also demonstrate once these models are estimated their out-of-sample forecasting performance.


Here comes the dolls and pets machine! Claw Pets Math is a casual game to exercise logical ability for children. At the top, you will be given a mathematical question. You need to use your brain to calculate the number, select the doll or pet with the same number as the answer, and you can grab it. Is it simple? If you are confident in your math skills, why not try a more difficult mode?
How to play Claw Pets Math?
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Here’s a quick guide to learning fractions. It will make it easier for you to understand how fractions work. And each tip has a free download that will help you master the basics.
Use our free lessons to learn fractions. Follow this guide to make sure you build a solid foundation in fractions.
- A fraction is simply part of a whole. You can get help with understanding what a fraction is by viewing or downloading introduction to fractions.
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