While playing with his calculator one day, Brian set out to compute the number of days in 10,000 years. Using just a 10-bell peal, he reckoned, a different sequence of bells could sound every day for 10,000 years. So he asked Danny Hillis, the clock's creator, to construct an algorithm to generate some three-million-plus sequences without repeating. Then Hillis ascertained exactly what series of tones would be heard during January 7003. The resulting pieces ring and chime the new year with thoughtful hums and overtones. It's another fascinating addition to Eno's catalog of ambient works, if you're into that sort of "luscious silence," as he calls it. Otherwise, it might just come across as a random collection of church and doorbells, or simply one big, long donnnnnnnggggg.


What is Training Load?
Better Workouts uses TRIMP or TRaining IMPulse to calculate training load or effort.
The app specifically calculates a variation called TRIMP exp or Exponential Heart Rate Scaling.
The metric uses Heart Rate Reserve and an exponential scaling factor to account for the fact that higher intensity training as a disproportionately high training impact. The formula for calculating TRIMP exp is:
TRIMP exp = sum(D x HRr x 0.64ey)
- D is the duration in minutes at a particular Heart Rate
- HRr is the Heart Rate as a fraction of Heart Rate Reserve
- y is the HRr multiplied by 1.92 for men and 1.67 for women.
A worked example would be a male athlete with a HRmax = 200 and HRrest = 40 training for 30 min. at 130 BPM. The TRIMP exp is therefore:
TRIMP exp = 30 x (130-40) / (200-40) x 0.64e ^(1.92 x (130-40) / (200-40))
Which simplifies to:
TRIMP exp = 30 x 0.56 x 0.64e ^(1.92 x 0.56)
Which is a value of 32. This is obviously a simplified example as in reality an athlete heart rate will vary over time.


Academics at Queen Anne
Center for the Collaborative Classroom
Collaborative Literacy is a rigorous, yearlong curriculum for students in grades K-6 that addresses the core reading, writing, speaking and listening skills that students need while fostering their growth as caring, collaborative and principled people.
With Collaborative Literacy, students aren’t just learning to read and write; they are learning to be readers and writers who think critically and learn from and care for one another. They develop a genuine interest in and love of reading and they are motivated to write purposefully with a real audience in mind. They are part of a classroom community where students feel empowered, are supported in taking risks and are responsible to themselves and the group. Learn more on the Center for the Collaborative Classroom site.
The Logic of English
The Logic of English is a systematic, multi-sensory approach to learning how to read, spell and write. The method is based upon 74 basic phonograms and 30 spelling rules that together explain 98% of English words.
English Language Arts Standards
Grade Level Standards
Queen Anne Elementary strives to provide a challenging and inspiring mathematics education for all students. By offering rich mathematical opportunities, which encourage insight and exploration, we seek to increase student self-confidence and help students use numbers to make sense of the world around them. Our staff honors individual and unique learning styles, utilizing research-based methods, as they instruct students to build a relationship with math.
We believe success in mathematics is a result of a connection between critical thinking, effective communication and the application of prior knowledge. It is our goal that all students feel successful in math and can transfer their acquired knowledge to a variety of contexts in future endeavors.
Ready Mathematics helps teachers create a rich classroom environment in which students at all levels become active, real-world problem solvers. Through teacher-led instruction, students develop mathematical reasoning, engage in discourse and build strong mathematical habits. The program’s instructional framework supports educators as they strengthen their teaching practices and facilitates meaningful discourse that encourages all learners.
- Encourage students to develop a deeper understanding of mathematics concepts through the embedded Standards for Mathematical Practices.
- Builds on students’ prior knowledge with lessons that make connections within and across grade levels and directly address the major focus of the grade.
- Incorporates a classroom mathematics routine that promotes conversations and increases accessibility of the mathematics for all students.
- Prepares students for the challenges of the state assessment with tasks and
- activities that have balance of conceptual understanding, procedural skills, fluency and application.
Math in Focus
Seattle Public Schools recently adopted Math in Focus (Singapore Math) as the math curriculum for students in grades K-5.Math in Focus adapts instruction to the needs of individual learners through scaffolding, the systematic sequencing of prompted content and support to optimize learning. The ultimate goal of scaffolding is to gradually remove the supports as the learner masters the task.
Spatial-Temporal (ST) Math® is game-based instructional software for students in grades K-12 and is designed to boost math comprehension and proficiency through visual learning.
Grade Level Standards
Our district adopted a curriculum designed by the National Science Resources Center, Smithsonian more commonly known as the Inquiry-Based Science Program. Modules at each grade level provide “hands-on” labs for the teaching and practice of scientific concepts beginning in kindergarten.
A typical science lesson involves four components through which students access and practice scientific study:
- engage and encounter known and unknown science concepts;
- explore and investigate life science, physical science and earth science;
- reflect and explain their thinking and reasoning; and
- apply and extend new learning.


In other terms, it can be said that compound interest is the exponential growth of money without making any additional deposits. For example, A deposits Rs. 100 in a bank and the bank pays 5% annual interest on the deposit. At the end of the first year, A would gain Rs. 5 and now he has Rs. 105 in his account. This means that A’s deposit has already gained interest and now over the next year, A will earn 5% interest on the new account balance, i.e., Rs. 105. This is how the Magic of Compounding works and the deposit keeps gaining interest over the years.
Let us take an example where you wish to invest Rs. 10,000 in a 30-year investment product with a 5% annual compounded interest rate. At maturity, you would have Rs. 43,219, i.e. Rs. 10,000 plus Rs. 33,219 in interest. On the other hand, if only simple interest would be earned on this investment, the amount would stand at Rs. 25,000, i.e. Rs. 10,000 plus Rs. 15,000.
Thus, it is understood that as the principal, interest rate and compound periods keep on increasing, so does the future value of one’s investment.
Calculation of Compound Interest
Compound Interest can be calculated with the help of a compound interest calculator. However, it can be calculated manually by multiplying the annual interest rate by the principal starting value. Next, the result is added to the principal starting value and that is the new principal value.
Compound Interest leads to exponential growth for the investors as their original amount grows faster. Even minor investments can yield major returns with compound interest and this can cause a “snowball effect”, which means that it can build wealth over a while into a large snowball.
Another major advantage of compound interest is that it is associated with the time value of money, which means that the value of money changes, depending upon, when it is received. Compounding Interest allows money to grow over a while. For instance, if someone has Rs. 1000 today, it is best to invest it right away because it can help generate dividends and interest income. However, if someone waits a year to receive that Rs. 1000, they lose out on the chance to earn compound interest for that year, which is known as Opportunity Cost.
It can be said that opportunity cost is an opportunity lost, i.e., there is a loss of possible gains if an action is not chosen at the right time. In the aforesaid case, opportunity cost is equal to the amount of money one does not get in interest, if they do not invest that amount.
The key to compounding is to reinvest the interest payments and accordingly, this becomes the basis for calculating future interest payments. In other words, a snowball effect is created whereby one is earning interest upon the principal plus all interest that one has earned previously. Thus, it magnifies the investments and results can be seen in the longer run when wealth is created.
Compound interest forms the base for an important principal in finance called “time value of money”. The compound interest formula is used to calculate the difference between the future value and present value of an asset. This principal is used in every calculation of finance and investing and hence, the importance of compound interest cannot be denied.
In conclusion, compound interest is one of the most powerful forces for generating wealth over a certain period. The long-term effect of compound interest is magical and acts as a central factor for increasing wealth.


The following was revised after Mary Lou pointed out that I had used the cost for the wrong item to do the calculations the first time. Apparently my company lost money on this deal.
Cost of Goods
- Vendor cost per unit: $6.27
- Shipping (34%): $2.13
- Total cost per unit: $8.40
- Total cost 40 units: $336.07
- Here is the invoice from the vendor
- Total sale price: $400.00
- Here is the invoice to the customer
- Delivery: (60 mile round trip from Agat) 2 hours and $10 gas.
- Normal overhead (supplies, handling, picking up items from post office, verifying order) 10% or $6.39
- GRT (4%) on gross sales: $16.00
- Total time involved (research, order, pickup, order verification, boxing, invoicing, delivery) 4 hours
- 4 hours at $8.25 (minimum wage): $33.00
- Total overhead: $65.39
Net loss: -$1.47


A blog about Mathematics and Mathematics Education in Singapore, as well as Mathematics Education in general. Written for students, parents, educators and other stakeholders in Singapore, and around the world.
More information here. Check out my Education and Technology blog. Follow me on Twitter.
Tuesday, March 3, 2015
[Pri20150302FCW] The Cost of Fish and Chicken
The ratio of the cost of fish to that of chicken is
1.5 : 1 or 3 : 2. I choose this nice
whole number ratio and write them in triangle units. You can choose draw any shape you want to
surround the ratio unit actually.
Multiplying by 3 and by 4 (the numerical dollar costs), we obtain 17
triangle units equal to 76.50. From here
we can divide by 17 to get the equivalent of 1 triangle unit, and then multiply
by 3 to get the equivalent of 3 triangle units.
Ans: 1 kg of fish costs $12.50
Once again my Ratio Units method solves this problem quickly
and you can use this method to also present the answer in a matter that even
the teacher who is marking this can understand J.


Using Microchip’s Floating Point Routines with PICBASIC PRO™
- Download the files: FP.ZIP
The PICBASIC PRO™ Compiler has several built-in data types: bits, bytes and words, along with arrays of each. All of these types are unsigned integers. This means there is no decimal point so real or floating point numbers cannot be represented. There are several workarounds for this, including multiplying each value by 10 or 100 for calculations and dividing back when it is time to display the value.
Microchip has developed several different floating point routines in assembler and placed them on their web site. These routines can be integrated into a PICBASIC PRO program and called, if floating point is a necessity. While it is not that difficult, it is not obvious how to make this work properly. The necessary PICBASIC PRO source code to integrate either the 24-bit or 32-bit Microchip floating point routines into your program, FP.ZIP, may be downloaded. The appropriate floating point routines (Microchip’s AN575) are included in this zip. The PICBASIC PRO programs must be compiled using the -ampasm switch to invoke Microchip’s assembler. If you don’t have their assembler, it also may be downloaded from their web site.
PBP -p16f84 -ampasm fp
The routines are accessed in PICBASIC PRO by setting up specific integer variables (aint and bint) and performing a GOSUB to a floating point routine. The first routine should convert the integer value (aint) to a floating point value. Generally, floating point operations occur between 2 numbers, so a second integer (bint) should also be converted. Next a GOSUB to the required floating point operation, multiply for example, is performed. Finally, the floating point number is converted back into an integer (aint) so that PICBASIC PRO can use it again. These GOSUB routines are created in an additional PICBASIC PRO file that must be INCLUDEd at the beginning of the program. The readme files included in the zip explain the procedures in more detail. Also, several example programs are included. Below is one example program that demonstrates the use of the libraries.
’ Floating point test program include "fp0c.bas" ’ Include for ’F84 (24-bit) ’ include "fp20.bas" ’ Include for other PIC micros (24-bit) ’ include "fp0c32.bas" ’ Include for ’F84 (32-bit) ’ include "fp2032.bas" ’ Include for other PIC micros (32-bit) ’ include "fp17.bas" ’ Include for 17Cxxx (24-bit) ’ include "fp1732.bas" ’ Include for 17Cxxx (32-bit) ’ include "fp18.bas" ’ Include for 18Cxxx (24-bit) ’ include "fp1832.bas" ’ Include for 18Cxxx (32-bit) Pause 500 ’ Wait for LCD to start ’ Demonstrate floating point multiply aint = 10 Gosub itofa ’ Convert int to float bint = 20 Gosub itofb ’ Convert int to float Gosub fpmul ’ FP multiply (10 * 20) Gosub ftoia ’ Convert float to int Lcdout $fe, 1, "* ", dec aint Pause 1000 ’ Demonstrate floating point divide Gosub itofa ’ Convert int back to float (200) bint = 3 Gosub itofb ’ Convert int to float Gosub fpdiv ’ FP divide (200 / 3) Gosub ftoia ’ Convert float to int Lcdout $fe, 1, "/ ", dec aint ’ Demonstrate floating point remainder aint = 200 Gosub itofa ’ Convert int to float bint = 3 Gosub itofb ’ Convert int to float Gosub fpdiv ’ FP divide (200 / 3) bint = 100 Gosub itofb ’ Convert int to float Gosub fpmul ’ Multiply by 100 to move remainder up 2 places Gosub ftoia ’ Convert float to int aint = aint // 100 ’ Get to the remainder Lcdout ".", dec2 aint End


By learning ancient system of maths, let your mind calculate mathematical problems like; 38765 99999 =? 12345 (5 digits) 11=? (105 X 105) =? .............................within seconds.
Location : Delhi, India
Time Period : 05 May 2018 10:30 AM - 05 May 2018 12:30 PM
Last Date : 05 May 2018
Seats : 30
Amount : Rs 0
Help him to *Develop Speed* and *Accuracy* in making calculations, to *Remove fear of Mathematics* and make it interesting, to *Succeed in Board Exams* and *Competitive Exams* by *Faster Calculations*, to *Improve Concentration*, to *Develop Analytical Mind*.
*Make Mathematics Interesting!!!*
*Make fun out of Mathematical Calculations!!!*
*Help your child & yourself to develop an interest in mathematics!!!*
*Date of Free Workshop:* 5th May 2018
*Venue - Hatch 101, A 49, Mohan Estate Industrial Area, Behind Mohan Estate Metro Station, New Delhi*
*Timing:* 10:30 AM - 12:30 PM
*For any query, Call 9008525443. 9818635599


- Newer Version of Casio 991 EX & 4-times better resolution than Casio 991ES Plus for easier viewing of long expressions
- Natural Textbook Display- Input and display fractions, powers, logarithms, roots, and other mathematical formulas and symbol just as they appear in textbooks
- Scientific Calculator with inbuilt QR Code function –Calculator can generate QR Code — Useful from graphical visualization & accessing user manual using your smart phone
- Faster than any previous Casio Non-Programmable Scientific Calculator
- Up to Four Degree Simultaneous and Polynomial Solver, Numerical Integration, Differentiation, Statistics, Matrix, Vector Calculation.
CASIO CALCULATOR FX-991CW
- Casio calculator fx-991CW
- High resolution display with 4 grades.
- Scientific & non-programmable calculator.


It’s National Pi Day!
The seniors and staff at Oak Meadows celebrated by raising money towards our new bus. We raised $300 and thanks to a matching donation from Michael, we now have $600! We had all kinds of yummy pies. The most popular was Lemon Meringue and Cherry.
Pi Day is an annual celebration of the mathematical constant π Learn more about Pi Day
Understanding Pi is essential if you want to make calculations for circles, cylinders, spheres, and anything circular, even an ellipse. So it’s particularly useful in building anything where circular objects are used.
3.14 backwards looks like PIE.
Pi Day happens to be Albert Einstein’s birthday.


When I started teaching Younger Daughter the times tables, she protested that she already knew them -- at least for 2, 3, 4, and 5 -- because she had been taught them at school. It turns out that what she knew is "skip counting" -- that is, "2, 4, 6, 8, ..." (Back in my day, when we weren't dying of the bubonic plague, we called this "counting by twos.") But if you asked Younger Daughter what 2 x 3 is, she had to think about it for a while, and the answer she came up with might or might not be correct. (She's getting better now, after a great deal of work on both of our parts.)
There's nothing wrong with skip counting, and it's a reasonable first step toward learning multiplication. This is typical of the new "fuzzy math" curricula (Younger Daughter's school uses "TERC Investigations") -- they include some reasonable first steps, but they don't follow through and actually teach the skills and facts you need to know.
The first unrelated-to-me kid that I tutored had a similar problem with adding fractions. I was impressed when she knew that 1/2 + 1/4 is 3/4. When I asked her how she knew this, she drew a little pie illustration. Again, this is a reasonable first step. But when I asked her what 2/50 + 1/100 was, she was completely stumped. That's because Trailblazers doesn't follow through and actually teach the algorithm for adding fractions.
Feh! The bad news is that the district of Upper Tax Bracket only adopted TERC Investigations a couple of years ago -- it'll take time for any kind of momentum to build against it. In the meantime, I'm teaching Younger Daughter math at home.


Computer Graphics & Computer Vision
|Venue to be held||May 28-June 1, 2018
Plzen, Czech Republic
Primavera Congress Center
This activity is a part of the national research project VIRTUAL targeted specifically to application of theory of non-Euclidean geometry to computation and especially within the framework of Computer Graphics and Vision, Visualization and Scientific Computing, covering also new approaches to linear algebra and numerical computation in general.
Methods based on projective space using geometry algebra and conformal geometry seem to be very promising especially in the context of possible applications in technical fields, chemistry, biosciences etc.
The main contribution of this activity should be:
Algorithms developed are verified on CPU, using a special library PLib, GPU using CUDA. Specific platform TESLA/NVIDIA will be considered for efficiency designed algorithms evaluation.
Detailed list of publications
Prof. Vaclav Skala
c/o Center of Computer Graphics and Visualization
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Faculty of Applied Sciences
University of West Bohemia
CZ 30614 Plzen
SKYPE: use my e-mail address
Tel. (+420) 377 63 2473
Tel.[secretary] (+420) 377 63 2401 , Fax/Tel[secretary]: (+420) 377 63 2402
e-mail: skala..(at)..kiv.zcu.cz http://Graphics.zcu.cz
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Math is a subject that requires an understanding of the concepts and building of strong basics to gain interest. It is a tricky subject not everyone can understand at once. Students do face challenges in solving math-related problems. Mostly, one question is common while studying, Who will solve doubts? The answer to this question is the online mentor. In the modern era of digitalization, online platforms have risen assisting students to learn at their pace and achieve excellence in the subject.
Cuemath is the finest online platform that helps students to learn and interact with mathematical concepts. They use modern tools of teaching involving digital media, graphics, etc. It enables students to gain interest in the subject and turn difficult problems easy. Whether it is geometry, vectors, algebra or any trigonometric formula. All the confusion and chaos are removed by the educators. Cuemath can be outreached just by pressing a single click and all the questions and doubts can be cleared within a few minutes. Proper guidance and material are provided online to study anytime and anywhere. Considering the concept of the vector that is explained properly in language that can be easily comprehended by the students.
WHAT IS A VECTOR?
The Vector can be defined as the object in math that has both magnitudes and direction. It is the tool of mathematics and physics. Especially, geometry vectors have many applications. It is also used in the simplification of geometry involving three dimensions. They are represented by the symbol of the arrow over the head of the vector.
For example, Force, Velocity, Acceleration and Temperature are the quantities that have direction and magnitude.
TWO TYPES OF VECTORS:
• ZERO VECTOR: The definition of the zero vector is that the vector with zero magnitude. It is represented by zero and has coordinates (0,0). The vector sum of all zero vectors is equal to the vector itself. For example, P+0=P.
• UNIT VECTOR: Unit Vector is defined as the vector that has a magnitude equal to one and is used to show the direction of the vector. The representation of the unit vector is by the cap and can also be defined as the ratio of the vector and the magnitude of the vector.
TWO COMPONENTS OF VECTORS:
• VERTICAL COMPONENT: Vertical Component of the vector is defined as the component of the vector that is extended from the x-axis to the vertical point of the vector.
• HORIZONTAL COMPONENT: Horizontal Component of the vector is defined as the component of the vector that is extended from the initial point of the vector to the coordinate at the furthest in the x-axis.
DIFFERENT OPERATIONS OF VECTORS:
• ADDITION: There are two vectors supposed P and Q can be added by joining them from head to the tail of the vectors. The resultant of the addition is the vector that is directed from the head of the vector Q to the tail of the vector P that is ‘P+Q’. The order does not matter in the addition it can be Q+P or P+Q demonstrating the property of commutative.
• SUBTRACTION: Suppose there are two vectors A and B where B has the negative sign that can be subtracted by reversing the sign of the negative vector B where the magnitude remains the same but direction changes. Thus, it can be further added.
• MULTIPLICATION: Two vectors can be multiplied by using two methods, scalar multiplication and vector multiplication. Scalar Multiplication is defined as the multiplication of the vector by the scalar quantity. Vector Multiplication is consists of two methods, cross product and dot product.
Cuemath online provides enhanced interactions and promote better learning to have new skills. It delivers concepts that can be easily understood with a systematic approach to students.


Last updated: 4 November, 2015
The HIFI flux calibration uncertainty is broken-down between the various components entering the general calibration equation (see Ossenkopf 2003, ALMA memo no. 442.1). For each component, the uncertainty is given as coefficients of a polynomial describing the possible dependency on the Intermediate Frequency (IF). In almost all cases, however, the uncertainty is flat over the IF and only the first coefficient is non-zero.
Uncertainties are LO-frequency dependent and given in percentages. Note that some uncertainties apply directly to the Level 2 or Level 2.5 products calibrated in Ta*, while some others will only apply to data converted into a certain intensity scale (see Chapter 18) - see the following section for more details.
Figure 9.1. Table containing the uncertainty model (values are in percentages) (for the V polarisation in this example)


Which chapters and topics of 10th maths are required to understand 11th 12th IIT JEE physics and maths?
What you have learned in your previous standard, everything is important to understand 11th 12th IIT JEE physics and maths. Everything is related to each other. What you have learned in 10th that are the basics to understand 11th and 12th . For IIT JEE you need to put more effort into some chapters. IIT JEE mentors or JEE toppers can guide you properly on which topic you should put more importance. Some chapter of class 10th is mentioned below that are important for 11th and 12th :
- Coordinate Geometry
- Arithmetic Progressions
- Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
- Introduction to Trigonometry
- Some Application of Trigonometry
- Quadratic Equations


Maths at St Joseph’s
The Maths subject leader is: Mrs Kelly Picton
Mathematics at St Joseph’s, Moorthorpe enables children to achieve the three main National Curriculum aims:
· Children become fluent in the fundamentals of mathematics (‘Do maths’)
· Children can solve problems by applying their mathematics (‘Use maths’)
· Children can reason mathematically by following a line of enquiry (‘Talk maths’)
“Without mathematics, there’s nothing you can do. Everything around you is mathematics. Everything around you is number.”
Our school is a happy, caring and exciting place, where all children are given the opportunity to succeed. The intention of our mathematics curriculum is to design an offer, which is accessible to all and will maximise the development of every child’s ability and academic achievement.
We want our children to make rich connections across mathematical ideas to develop fluency, mathematical reasoning and competence in solving increasingly sophisticated problems.
We provide our children with a concrete, pictorial and abstract approach in order to master the curriculum. As our children progress, we intend for them to be able to understand the world, have the ability to reason mathematically, apply their mathematical understanding to a range of situations, and have a sense of enjoyment and curiosity about the subject.
Staff follow the White Rose Maths Primary Schemes of Learning (https://whiterosemaths.com), supplemented by a range of high quality resources.
In each of the major topics areas (Number, Measurement, Geometry and Statistics), the curriculum has been broken down into key areas. For each of these areas, you can see which National Curriculum objectives are covered in that year, together with the term and block in which that objective is first met in the White Rose Maths schemes. The objectives are also broken down into small steps of learning.
The White Rose Maths curriculum is a cumulative curriculum, so that once a topic is covered it is met many times again in other contexts – often so many that listing them all is impractical. For example, place value is always covered in Autumn 1 but revisited within addition and subtraction, multiplication and division etc throughout each year.
Each Class Teacher is responsible for the teaching of mathematics in their classroom, in consultation with and under the guidance from the Mathematics Subject Leader. Teachers draw on a range of resources to create the best possible learning environment for our pupils, moving the children through the stages of concrete to pictorial and lastly to abstract understanding. Consolidation weeks are also built into each term to revisit outcomes that have been identified as needing further development.
Reasoning is a part of every lesson, and the use of mathematical discussion in whole-class and small group contexts as well as between talk partners, enables the children to verbalise and discuss their understanding. Working Walls and mathematical resources, in each classroom, allow the children to explore, clarify and apply their learning. Teachers are encouraged to use innovative and creative lesson formats to engage pupils in developing skills using: mental strategies, written methods,
practical work, investigations and problem-solving, mathematical discussion using precise mathematical language and consolidation of basic skills and routines.
Pupils in EYFS learn through a mixture of adult-led activities and child-initiated activities both inside and outside of the classroom. The classroom environment support maths throughout a number of provision areas, ensuring children are able to access activities throughout the day to practice and develop skills being taught. In addition, consistent, daily maths lessons take the form of direct teaching, which is followed up by enhanced activities placed in areas of provision in the classroom, which may be accessed independently or supported by an adult.
Children at St Joseph’s understand and value the importance of Mathematics, this is evident through pupil voice.
“I love Maths”
“My brain is working when I do Maths”
“We use concrete, pictorial and abstract to help us break down methods like short division”
Summative assessment takes place at the end of each term and children’s progress and attainment is discussed with Senior Leaders in pupil progress meetings. Formative assessment takes place on a daily basis and teachers adjust planning accordingly to meet the needs of their class. Attainment and outcomes in mathematics have a prominent focus throughout our school.
Through high quality first wave teaching, guidance and effective feedback, most children will achieve age-related expectations by the end of each year group.
By the end of Key Stage Two, children will leave our school prepared for the next step in their mathematical education; outcomes in Mathematics, over the last three years, show both attainment and progress outcomes as above, or well above average.
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A strategic game for 2 players.
The rules may be quick to learn but the game is difficult to master!
The aim is to line up 5 cubes displaying your chosen symbol in a row. You are only able to move your cube by pushing the line of cubes horizontally or vertically from the outside. The winner is the first player to create a line of 5 identical cubes.
Instructions in English and Greek are included.
PLAYERS : 2
AGE : 8 – 108
The game has 25 wooden cubes on a wooden platform.


Hello and welcome to our journal article on logic games for young minds! In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of logic games and how they can benefit young children’s development. Logic games are not only entertaining but also provide numerous cognitive and problem-solving benefits. Through this article, we aim to introduce you to some exciting logic games that can captivate and challenge young minds. So, let’s dive into the world of logic games and explore the endless possibilities!
1. The Importance of Logic Games
In today’s rapidly evolving world, the ability to think logically and solve complex problems is highly valued. Developing logical thinking skills from an early age is crucial for children’s academic and personal growth. Logic games provide a fun and engaging way to foster these skills while keeping the young minds stimulated and entertained.
By engaging in logic games, children can enhance their critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical abilities. These games encourage reasoning, strategizing, and logical deduction, all of which are essential skills in various academic disciplines and real-life situations.
Moreover, logic games help children develop patience, perseverance, and resilience. As they encounter challenges and overcome obstacles during gameplay, they learn the importance of trial and error, embracing failure as a learning opportunity, and the satisfaction of finding solutions.
2. Sudoku: A Classic Logic Game
2.1 What is Sudoku?
Sudoku is a popular number-placement puzzle that has gained worldwide recognition for its benefits in developing logical thinking. The puzzle consists of a 9×9 grid divided into nine 3×3 subgrids. The objective is to fill the empty cells with numbers from 1 to 9, ensuring that each row, column, and subgrid contains all digits without repetition.
2.2 How Does Sudoku Benefit Young Minds?
Sudoku offers numerous cognitive and educational benefits for young minds. Let’s explore some of the advantages:
Enhances Logical Reasoning: Sudoku requires players to use deductive reasoning and logical thinking to determine the correct placement of numbers in each cell. This strengthens their ability to analyze and make informed decisions.
Improves Concentration and Focus: Solving Sudoku puzzles requires sustained attention and concentration. By engaging in this game, children can improve their focus and attention span, which are valuable skills in various aspects of learning.
Boosts Memory: Remembering the numbers already placed and analyzing the possibilities for each empty cell in Sudoku challenges the memory capacity of young minds. Regular Sudoku practice can enhance their memory skills and information retention abilities.
Develops Patience and Perseverance: Sudoku puzzles can sometimes be demanding and complex. As children tackle these challenges, they learn to be patient, persistent, and resilient when faced with difficult tasks.
18. FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions
18.1 Can logic games be enjoyed by children of all ages?
Absolutely! Logic games come in various forms and difficulty levels, making them suitable for children of all ages. There are logic games designed specifically for preschoolers, while others are more challenging and engaging for older children.
18.2 How can logic games benefit my child’s academic performance?
Logic games are great educational tools as they promote critical thinking, problem-solving, and reasoning skills. These skills can positively impact your child’s academic performance, particularly in subjects that require analytical thinking, such as mathematics and science.
18.3 Are logic games only played individually, or can they be enjoyed in groups?
While many logic games can be played individually, there are several games that can be enjoyed in groups as well. Group logic games encourage collaboration, teamwork, and decision-making skills, making them a great way to promote social interaction and bonding among peers.
18.4 How can I introduce logic games to my child?
You can introduce logic games to your child by starting with age-appropriate games that align with their interests. Look for logic games that are engaging, challenging, and fun. Additionally, consider playing the games together as a family to create a bonding experience and encourage your child’s enthusiasm for logic games.
18.5 Should I be concerned if my child finds logic games difficult initially?
No, it is completely normal for children to find logic games challenging initially. The difficulty of logic games varies, and it may take some time for your child to grasp the concepts and strategies. Encourage your child to practice regularly and provide support and guidance to help them improve their skills over time.
Logic games are excellent tools for nurturing young minds and developing crucial cognitive skills. Through engaging gameplay, children can enhance their logical thinking, problem-solving abilities, concentration, and analytical skills. The wide range of logic games available ensures that there is something suitable for every child’s age and interests.
We hope this journal article has motivated you to explore the world of logic games and introduce them to the young minds in your life. Remember, logic games are not only educational but also incredibly enjoyable. So, let the logic games begin!


Peruse the gallery of my intergalactic fractal art.
Let your imagination take you to a new and undiscovered frontier.
Whorles of organic growth?You should tempt others to name these.
That would be an excellent title for this piece.I had such a difficult time naming the fractals that I eventually gave up and just started using their numbers. Also, using their numbers makes it easy to identify the respective fractal in the directory on the computer. Apophysis (the software) numbers them like this - year month day number - so for example, a fractal made today would be numbered like this - "070131-1", where the number "1" could change depending on the number of fractals I've made throughout the day.I'd love it if others could help name them for the blog. In fact, I think I'm going to borrow your name for this one and put it in the title. Thanks!
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In cricket, the term “strike rate” can mean more than one thing. Which meaning is right depends on what kind of player is being talked about. For example, “strike rate” can mean one thing when talking about a batter and something completely different when talking about a bowler. As you can see, it’s another cricket term that a new player might see on a scorecard and have no idea what it means.
Strike Rate in Cricket
In this post, I’ll explain what “strike rate” means when it comes to batsmen and bowlers. I’ll also explain how it’s calculated and tell you which professionals in international cricket have had the best strike rates. I’ll also answer a few other questions you might have.
What does ‘strike rate’ mean?
For batters, a strike rate is a number that shows how many runs they score on average for every 100 balls they face. A batsman with a high strike rate is more aggressive and scores quickly. A batsman with a low strike rate is more cautious and takes longer to score. For bowlers, a strike rate is a number that shows how many balls they have to throw on average to get a batsman out. In this case, a lower strike rate is better because the bowler doesn’t have to throw as many balls to be successful.
Strike Rate Calculation Methods
In cricket, all you have to do to figure out a batsman’s strike rate is divide the number of runs they have scored by the number of balls they have faced. After that, multiply your answer by 100 to get the batsman’s strike rate.
Let me give you a couple of examples quickly. Let’s say, for example, that at the end of their innings, a batsman has scored 117 runs off of 94 balls. We divide 117 by 94 to get 1.24, which is the strike rate for that inning. Then, we multiply this number by 100 to get the batsman’s strike rate for that innings, which was 124.47.
highest strike rate in cricket history in one match
In the same way, you can figure out a batter’s strike rate for their whole career. Sachin Tendulkar is one of the most well-known retired players of all time, so let’s use him as an example. In his career as an international one-day player, Sachin scored 18,426 runs on 21,367 balls. So, we can figure out his strike rate for his whole career by first dividing 18,426 by 21,367, which gives us 0.86. The final number, 86.24, is made by multiplying this number by 100.
To calculate a bowler’s strike rate in cricket, divide their deliveries by their wickets
Again, let’s take a look at a few examples. For the first example, let’s say a bowler has taken 3 wickets in 15 overs over the course of an innings. In 15 overs, there are 90 deliveries, so in 90 deliveries, this bowler has taken 3 wickets. To figure out the strike rate, we just divide the number of deliveries by the number of wickets. 90 divided by 3 is 30, so this bowler’s strike rate for that innings would be 30.
The strike rate is more often used to talk about a bowler’s entire career than just one inning, and it is calculated the same way for both. Let’s look at the testing career of Glenn McGrath as an example. Glenn got 563 test wickets over the course of his career. He did this by bowling 29,248 balls. When you divide 29,248 by 563, you get 51.9, which is Glenn’s strike rate for all of his test flights. This shows that, on average, Glenn McGrath took a wicket about every 9 overs during his test career.
Batting Average and Strike Rate are two different things
This one is also easy to explain, so let me do it!
The batting average is a measure of how many runs a batsman scores on average per innings. For example, if a batter scores 50 runs in one inning, 2 runs in the next, and 42 runs in the next, their average for those three innings is 31.33. To put it simply, batting average is the number of runs scored by a batter, no matter how many balls they face. The batting strike rate shows how quickly a batsman score runs.
Bowling Average vs. Strike Rate
Averages and strike rates are commonly confused. I’ll clarify. A bowler’s average is the number of runs allowed per wicket. A bowler’s average is 25 if they take 2 wickets but allow 50 runs. Their wickets cost 25 runs.
As we’ve discussed, the bowling strike rate refers to how many deliveries a bowler must bowl on each wicket.


By Andrea Hill | Published Dec 3 2013 by The Montreal Gazette
Math skills – the main focus of the 2012 PISA survey – were broken down by province, with Quebec students found to be outperforming their peers as they had three years prior.
Quebec youth scored well above the Canadian average in math skills, while students in the Maritimes, Saskatchewan and Manitoba saw results lower than the national average. Scores from Prince Edward Island fell below the average for OECD countries.
Quebec was one of only two provinces that did not see a decline in math skills since the last PISA survey. The other was Saskatchewan.
While Johnson acknowledged Canada is not alone in seeing a downward trend in math skills — most OECD countries are witnessing the same thing — he said there is a need for Canada to “take action” to prevent further slipping.
Johnson suggested that provinces look to Quebec for clues on how to improve their own education systems, and said Quebec’s push to provide specialized training for math teachers may be part of the solution.
“One of the best places to spend your money is on teaching quality,” he said. “We need more investment on teachers with more specialized training and expertise in teaching math.”


hi i have a question about your code for random sampling a variable from a gamma distribution. i tried your code and the random numbers it gives me are greater than one. is this not a probability distribution?? I'm trying to figure out the math right now but i was wondering if you could tell me exactly how you came up with this code...thanks!
Hi Erin,What I have posted is a sampling function. It draws samples of a random variable distributed according to Gamma distribution. The Gamma distribution is defined on [0;+∞). You might want to read this description of a sampling algorithm. I have not verified, though, if the algorithm described in the Wikipedia article is the same as implemented in my Java code.
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If you ever had to plot point clouds with more than say ten classes, you’ve probably run into this problem before. You need to assign colors to many classes such that they all appear distinct.
In the simple case, when we have as many classes as colors, this is trivial. But as soon as the number of classes increase, we start running into problems. While there are extended colormaps, even those will run out eventually. After about 20 classes, it becomes very hard to distinguish individual colors.
Why does this problem even exist in the first place? When visualizing data, you’re bound to run into this problem, as the number of classes increases. If you look at e. g. CIFAR-100, then you’re bound to be forced to reuse colors, making it hard to distinguish between different classes.
The question now becomes: how can we assign colors to classes such that the confusion between classes is minimized?
One way to think about this is interpreting each class as its own little country. This will then turn the problem of coloring the classes into the problem of coloring a map. How to color different regions in a map has been studied in far greater detail.
Definition: chromatic number
The number of colors (chromas) required to color in a map. The map is viewed as a graph, where all countries are vertices and they share an edge if they share a border. As such, the chromatic number refers to the underlying graph of the map.
The chromatic number for normal maps¹ is proven to be four. So in this case we need to think of a way to draw the “borders” for our “countries” and then we can use the four color theorem to assign the colors without overlap.
As an example, we can generate multiple Gaussian blobs like in the previous image and then look at the decision boundaries of a chosen classifier.
Knowing that we only need four colors to color this in, how do we actually assign the colors to the classes? For this we need to reinterpret the clusters as vertices in a graph. In this graph shared borders will be indicated by an edge, just like in the example given.
For the example given, the class 1 would be connected to the class 7 and 3 (since they share a small border at the bottom). Or the class 9 would be connected to all of its neighbors: 2–4, 6, and 8. The graph can be computed by looking at the response of the decision boundaries and then adding two adjacent responses to the graph.²
Computing the coloring
Now that we have the graph structure, we can start coloring in the classes. For this we will take the following approach. First, we create a matrix with a block diagonal structure, such that each block will correspond to one color choice.
We now have a 9×9 matrix that has three different color slots per color. We want to optimize the color arrangement such that no adjacent classes (indicated by a black square in the adjacency matrix on the left) share a color.
Unfortunately, minimizing the result by permuting the columns of the color matrix is a computationally expensive operation. It corresponds to the quadratic assignment problem, which is NP-hard. Fortunately, we can leverage scipy’s optimization function
quadratic_assignment to approximate a possible solution.
The result of this optimization then will give us the columns indices that we can use to finally assign a color to a class. While most colors are assigned properly, the classes 2 and 6 share the same colors but are neighbors. This is one of the compromises that the algorithm has to make since we’re not solving the graph coloring problem directly and we’re using one color less, than required to make the coloring theorem hold.³
By swapping the colors for classes 5 and 6, we could improve the embedding at least a bit. This would still not fulfil the requirement for graph coloring, but in this case the class 6 and 9 would share the same color, and the distance between these two is greater. So how can we encode this notion of distance into the coloring assignment?
Coloring from a confusion matrix
While the binary adjacency matrix works well in some simple cases, it is not sufficient to encode a notion of how close the classes are. Hence, we can use the confusion matrix of the classifier to get an idea of how hard the classes are to distinguish (for the classifier). Higher confusion between the classes means that a distinct color between the two classes is more important.
With this additional signal, the classifier is able to notice that there is more confusion between the classes 2 and 6 than between the classes 6 and 9 and thus the colors are assigned differently.
What’s remarkable (to me) is that the signal of the confusion matrix is weaker than the adjacency matrix, since there are less nonzero entries in the adjacency matrix. Despite this, the coloring actually is better.
Improving the coloring for CIFAR-100
After going through the different steps on the toy example, we can take a look on how it improves things on a proper visualization of the dataset. We can apply the color matching to the t-SimCNE visualization that was shown at the beginning.
While the difference does not look very strong (it’s showing the same data points, there are some different color assignments, where the default setup assigned the same colors, but after the color matching they differ.
The technique is surprisingly useful. While it does not remove all potential confusion, it is a relatively cheap technique that can improve the visualization by reducing confusion.
Code for transforming the old labels to ones that are suitable for coloring can be obtained with the 2D embedding, the old labels (duh), and a classifier of your choice. As a hyperparameter of your choice, you need to decide how many distinct colors you want. As an example, here’s some code:
import numpy as np from scipy import linalg, optimize from sklearn import datasets, linear_model, metrics, pipeline, preprocessing def make_colormat(n_classes, n_colors): blocksize = int(n_classes / n_colors) rem = n_classes % n_colors blocksizes = [blocksize + 1 for _ in range(rem)] blocksizes += [blocksize for _ in range(n_colors - rem)] blocks = [np.ones((b, b), dtype=int) for b in blocksizes] colors = [block for block in blocks] return linalg.block_diag(*colors) def match_colors(X, y, clf, n_classes, n_colors): clf.fit(X, y) y_pred = clf.predict(X) confmat = metrics.confusion_matrix(y, y_pred, normalize="true") colormat = make_colormat(n_classes, n_colors) optres = optimize.quadratic_assignment( confmat, colormat, method="2opt", options=dict(rng=1625403879) ) return optres.col_ind[y] n_classes, n_colors = 9, 3 X, y = datasets.make_blobs(n_classes * , random_state=3609752241) clf = pipeline.make_pipeline( preprocessing.StandardScaler(), linear_model.LogisticRegression( penalty=None, tol=1e-2, solver="saga", random_state=2862472722 ), ) y_new = match_colors(X, y, clf, n_classes, n_colors)
The steps are as follows:
- Choose a number of colors that you want to use.
- Choose a classifier of your liking.
- Create a color matrix from the number of colors and create the confusion matrix from the classifier.
- Optimize the quadtratic assignment.
- Map the old labels to the new labels, sorted by their color assignment.
Before writing this, I did not know how good the results would be. I was pleasantly surprised to see that this approach works for visualizations I generated without having to change anything. So I will definitely be using this in the future. I hope you find it useful as well.
- Maps without enclaves, which correspond to planar graphs. ↩
- The response is the class label for basically every pixel in the grid of the image. So by iterating over the entire pixel grid, we’re bound to hit the boundary conditions between neighbors. This is not a very efficient method for creating the graph, but it suffices for analysis in 2D. ↩
- The way the problem is introduced differs subtly from the way that we’re trying to solve it. While the graph coloring algorithm is free to choose any color available (that no neighbor has), we are constraining the number of color “slots” before the optimization already. ↩


Regression — explained in simple terms!! Aishwarya V Srinivasan. Aug 18, 2019 · 3 min read. In this article, I wish to put forth regression in as simple terms Hence, we need to be extremely careful while interpreting regression analysis. Following are some metrics you can use to evaluate your regression model: R Square
Regression analysis mathematically describes the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. It also allows you to predict the mean value A. Simple regression analysis is a statistical tool to find the relation between one dependent and one independent variable based on past observations. Q.What are The most simple and easiest intuitive explanation of regression analysis. Check out this step-by-step explanation of the key concepts of regression
Regression analysis is the oldest, and probably, most widely used multivariate technique in the social sciences. Unlike the preceding methods, regression is an Whenever you work with regression analysis or any other analysis that tries to explain the impact of one factor on another, you need to remember the important Applied Regression Analysis. Home » Lesson 2: Simple Linear Regression (SLR) Model. 2.1 - What is Simple Linear Regression? Simple linear regression is a
An important consequence of this for the analysis of variance approach is that the degrees of freedom, like the total variation, are additive :, T S S ⏟ n − 1 = E S S Regression analysis is a set of statistical methods used for the estimation of relationships between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. Independent Variable An independent variable is an input, assumption, or driver that is changed in order to assess its impact on a dependent variable (the outcome). Regression — explained in simple terms!! Aishwarya V Srinivasan. Aug 18, 2019 · 3 min read. In this article, I wish to put forth regression in as simple terms as possible so that you do not remember it as a statistical concept, rather as a more relatable experience. Regression — as fancy as it sounds can be thought of as relationshi p between any two things. For example, imagine. Hence, we need to be extremely careful while interpreting regression analysis. Following are some metrics you can use to evaluate your regression model: R Square (Coefficient of Determination) - As explained above, this metric explains the percentage of variance explained by covariates in the model. It ranges between 0 and 1. Usually, higher.
ElasticNet regression; But linear regression is one of the most widely used types of regression analysis. The idea behind linear regression is that you can establish whether or not there is a relationship (correlation) between a dependent variable (Y) and an independent variable (X) using a best fit straight line (a.k.a the regression line) Regression analysis is a powerful statistical method that allows you to examine the relationship between two or more variables of interest. While there are many types of regression analysis, at their core they all examine the influence of one or more independent variables on a dependent variable. Regression analysis provides detailed insight that can be applied to further improve products and. What is simple regression analysis. Basically, a simple regression analysis is a statistical tool that is used in the quantification of the relationship between a single independent variable and a single dependent variable based on observations that have been carried out in the past.In layman's interpretation, what this means is that a simple linear regression analysis can be utilized in the. Simple Linear Regression: Only one predictor variable is used to predict the values of dependent variable. Equation of the line : y = c + mx ( only one predictor variable x with co-efficient m) 2
An introduction to simple linear regression. Published on February 19, 2020 by Rebecca Bevans. Revised on October 26, 2020. Regression models describe the relationship between variables by fitting a line to the observed data. Linear regression models use a straight line, while logistic and nonlinear regression models use a curved line A. Simple regression analysis is a statistical tool to find the relation between one dependent and one independent variable based on past observations. Q.What are the application of Regression Analysis . A. Here are the applications of Regression Analysis: You can predict future decisions. It helps in optimizing the process. It helps in correcting the errors. Through regression analysis, you. Regression analysis mathematically describes the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable. It also allows you to predict the mean value of the dependent variable when you specify values for the independent variables. In this regression tutorial, I gather together a wide range of posts that I've written about regression analysis. My tutorial helps you go through. The most simple and easiest intuitive explanation of regression analysis. Check out this step-by-step explanation of the key concepts of regression analysis...
Click here to load the Analysis ToolPak add-in. 2. Select Regression and click OK. 3. Select the Y Range (A1:A8). This is the predictor variable (also called dependent variable). 4. Select the X Range (B1:C8). These are the explanatory variables (also called independent variables) Although the liner regression algorithm is simple, for proper analysis, one should interpret the statistical results. First, we will take a look at simple linear regression and after extending the problem to multiple linear regression. For easy understanding, follow the python notebook side by side Regression analysis, in statistical modeling, is a way of mathematically sorting out a series of variables.We use it to determine which variables have an impact and how they relate to one another. In other words, regression analysis helps us determine which factors matter most and which we can ignore Explained: Regression analysis Explained: Regression analysis. Sure, it Mathematically, the line representing a simple linear regression is expressed through a basic equation: Y = a 0 + a 1 X. Here X is hours spent studying per week, the independent variable. Y is the exam scores, the dependent variable, since — we believe — those scores depend on time spent studying.
It is easy to run a regression analysis using Excel or SPSS, but while doing so, the importance of four numbers in interpreting the data must be understood. First two numbers out of the four numbers directly relate to the regression model itself. F-Value: It helps in measuring the statistical significance of the survey model. Remember, an F-Value significantly less than 0.05 is considered to. A simple linear regression was carried out to test if age significantly predicted brain function recovery . The results of the regression indicated that the model explained 87.2% of the variance and that the model was significant, F(1,78)=532.13, p<.001. It was found that age significantly predicted brain function recovery (β 1 = -.88, p<.001. simple linear regression analysis. 1- The purpose of regression analysis is to model the relationship between a dependent varia Learn how to fit a simple regression model, check the assumptions of the ordinary least squares linear regression method, and make predictions using the fitted model. On March 1, 1984 the Wall Street Journal published data on the advertising spend and yield for a number of commercial TV adverts. The advertisements were selected by an annual survey conducted by Video Board Tests, Inc., a New.
. This can also be thought of as the explained variability in the model, ie., the. MAKING REGRESSION ANALYSIS EASY USING A CASIO SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR ASTRID SCHEIBER CASIO . Adequate knowledge of calculator skills makes the teaching of Statistics to Grade 12 learners easier and enables the educator to assist their learners more efficiently. This workshop will guide you through Linear Regression Analysis, including findin Making a Simple Regression Equation with the Simple Regression Analysis using the Excel Analysis Tool. Hi, this is Mike Negami, Lean Sigma Black Belt. We learned about the basics of Regression Analysis and how to get a Single Regression Equation from the Scatter Plot in the previous post. ⇒ Simple Regression Analysis by Scatter Plot in Excel Here are the results from the previous. 13.1. Simple linear regression with. brms. The main function of the brms package is brm (short for B ayesian R egression M odel). It behaves very similarly to the glm function we saw above. 58 Here is an example of the current case study based on the world temperature data set: The formula syntax y ~ x tells R that we want to explain or predict.
Linear regression is a very simple method but has proven to be very useful for a large number of situations. In this post, you will discover exactly how linear regression works step-by-step. After reading this post you will know: How to calculate a simple linear regression step-by-step. How to perform all of the calculations using a spreadsheet . If you have panel data and your dependent variable and an independent variable both have trends over time, this can produce inflated R-squared values. Try a time series analysis or include time-related independent variables in your. Simple Linear Regression with one explanatory variable (x): The red points are actual samples, we are able to find the black curve (y), all points can be connected using a (single) straight line with linear regression
The Regression Equation . When you are conducting a regression analysis with one independent variable, the regression equation is Y = a + b*X where Y is the dependent variable, X is the independent variable, a is the constant (or intercept), and b is the slope of the regression line.For example, let's say that GPA is best predicted by the regression equation 1 + 0.02*IQ Regression analysis of variance table page 18 Here is the layout of the analysis of variance table associated with regression. There is some simple structure to this table. Several of the important quantities associated with the regression are obtained directly from the analysis of variance table. Indicator variables page 20 Special techniques are needed in dealing with non-ordinal categorical.
For all 4 of them, the slope of the regression line is 0.500 (to three decimal places) and the intercept is14 3.00 (to two decimal places). This just goes to show: visualizing data can often reveal patterns that are hidden by pure numeric analysis! We begin with simple linear regression in which there are only two variables of interes It's easy to say that last fact isn't important, but it's why we're running logistic regression in the first place. So at the very least, show what the predicted probabilities are at many values of SAT math, and point out that increasing an SAT math score by 20 points has a very small effect for people whose scores are very low or very high, and a much larger effect for people whose. In simple or multiple linear regression, the size of the coefficient for each independent variable gives you the size of the effect that variable is having on your dependent variable, and the sign on the coefficient (positive or negative) gives you the direction of the effect. In regression with a single independent variable, the coefficient tells you how much the dependent variable is.
The results of the regression indicated the two predictors explained 81.3% of the variance (R 2 =.85, F (2,8)=22.79, p<.0005). It was found that color significantly predicted price (β = 4.90, p<.005), as did quality (β = 3.76, p<.002). You could express the p-values in other ways and you could also add the regression equation: price = 1.75 + 4.90*color + 3.76*quality. 109 thoughts on. Regression analysis is used when you want to predict a continuous dependent variable from a number of independent variables. If the dependent variable is dichotomous, then logistic regression should be used. (If the split between the two levels of the dependent variable is close to 50-50, then both logistic and linear regression will end up giving you similar results.) The independent. A simple explanation of the Lasso and Least Angle Regression Give a set of input measurements x1, x2xp and an outcome measurement y, the lasso fits a linear model yhat=b0 + b1*x1+ b2*x2 + bp*xp The criterion it uses is: Minimize sum( (y-yhat)^2 ) subject to sum[absolute value(bj)] = s The first sum is taken over observations (cases) in the dataset. The bound s is a tuning parameter. In statistics, simple linear regression is a linear regression model with a single explanatory variable. That is, it concerns two-dimensional sample points with one independent variable and one dependent variable (conventionally, the x and y coordinates in a Cartesian coordinate system) and finds a linear function (a non-vertical straight line) that, as accurately as possible, predicts the. Multiple regression is an extension of linear regression models that allow predictions of systems with multiple independent variables. We do this by adding more terms to the linear regression equation, with each term representing the impact of a different physical parameter. When used with care, multiple regression models can simultaneously describe the physical principles acting on a data set.
Simple linear regression provides a means to model a straight line relationship between two variables. In classical (or asymmetric ) regression one variable (Y) is called the response or dependent variable, and the other (X) is called the explanatory or independent variable. This is in contrast to correlation where there is no distinction. Regression analysis marks the first step in predictive modeling. No doubt, it's fairly easy to implement. Neither it's syntax nor its parameters create any kind of confusion. But, merely running just one line of code, doesn't solve the purpose. Neither just looking at R² or MSE values. Regression tells much more than that Generally, in regression analysis, you usually consider some phenomenon of interest and have a number of observations. Each observation has two or more features. Following the assumption that (at least) one of the features depends on the others, you try to establish a relation among them. In other words, you need to find a function that maps some features or variables to others sufficiently. How would you explain the difference between a 2-way ANOVA when both ways are categorical, but one is defined by a measurable variable (e.g., temperature at which a strain of fruit fly is raised), and a linear regression with a dummy for the other variable? In particular, the ANOVA has an interaction component, while the regression doesn't
In most situation, regression tasks are performed on a lot of estimators. Multiple Linear regression. More practical applications of regression analysis employ models that are more complex than the simple straight-line model. The probabilistic model that includes more than one independent variable is called multiple regression models. The. MULTIPLE REGRESSION USING THE DATA ANALYSIS ADD-IN. This requires the Data Analysis Add-in: see Excel 2007: Access and Activating the Data Analysis Add-in The data used are in carsdata.xls. We then create a new variable in cells C2:C6, cubed household size as a regressor. Then in cell C1 give the the heading CUBED HH SIZE. (It turns out that for the se data squared HH SIZE has a coefficient of. Simple logistic regression assumes that the relationship between the natural log of the odds ratio and the measurement variable is linear. You might be able to fix this with a transformation of your measurement variable, but if the relationship looks like a U or upside-down U, a transformation won't work


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Proportion Integral Derivative (PID) Control
Proportional Integral Derivative control is an algorithm used to stabilize a stream of data at a set point. The control method utilizes three aspects of the data: the proportion (the distance the current data point is from the set point), the integral (using the set point as 0), and the derivative (of the current data point). Each of the three components has a coefficient that can be changed to alter the curve. Each component is multiplied by the appropriate coefficient, and their sum yields the value given to the device that affects the data stream. Since we only care about the data point in relation to the set point, the error (E) is used for calculations. Below is the basic equation for PID control where P, I, and D are coefficients for the proportion, integral, and derivative, respectively.
In the ADR system, the temperature must stabilize at 60 mK. The PID controller
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Home > Published Data Lists > INFTRM-Mertens2016Restat
Save as My Data List
Published data lists are economic time series data sets that users of this site have chosen to make publicly available.
Possible uses include teachers sharing data lists with students and researchers including links to data lists in bibliographies.
Dataset for the INFTRM version of the trend inflation model of Mertens (2016 REStat) http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00549.
The INFTRM model extracts a common trend from various measures of realized inflation, including trimmed mean and median measures from FRB Dallas and Cleveland.
Replication code can be found here: http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/MUF2HC
A = Annual, SA = Semiannual, Q = Quarterly, M = Monthly, BW = Biweekly, W = Weekly, D = Daily, NA = Not Applicable
Seasonal Adjustment (Seas Adj)
SA = Seasonally Adjusted, NSA = Not Seasonally Adjusted, SAAR = Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate, SSA = Smoothed Seasonally Adjusted, NA = Not Applicable


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Teachers’ ideas about mathematics, mathematics teaching, and mathematics learning directly influence their notions about what to teach and how to teach it—an interdependence of beliefs and knowledge about pedagogy and subject matter (e.g., Gamoran, 1994; Stein et al., 1990). It shows that teachers’ goals for instruction are, to a large extent, a reflection of what they think is important in mathematics and how they think students best learn it. Thus, as we examine mathematics instruction, we need to pay attention to the subject-matter knowledge of teachers, their pedagogical knowledge (general and content specific), and their knowledge of children as learners of mathematics. Paying attention to these domains of knowledge also leads us to examine teachers’ goals for instruction.
People have to construct their own meaning regardless of how clearly teachers or books tell them things. Mostly, a person does this by connecting new information and concepts to what he or she already believes. Conceptsthe essential units of human thoughtthat do not have multiple links with how a student thinks about the world are not likely to be remembered or useful. Or, if they do remain in memory, they will be tucked away in a drawer labeled, say, "biology course, 1995," and will not be available to affect thoughts about any other aspect of the world. Concepts are learned best when they are encountered in a variety of contexts and expressed in a variety of ways, for that ensures that there are more opportunities for them to become imbedded in a student's knowledge system.
Behaviorist Learning Theory - Innovative Learning
A reason to examine philosophies of learning
An instructor’s teaching style is directly related to their philosophy of what it means to know and learn. The rationale for making particular teaching choices becomes more apparent when new faculty members reflect on what they believe about teaching and learning. Much of what faculty believe comes from their own experiences as a student, the images of teaching they hold, and their experiences as a teacher. There is, however, a body of research on teaching and learning that may serve faculty well as they hone their teaching craft.
Turnitin - Technology to Improve Student Writing
As is the case in history, most people believe that they know what mathematics is about—computation. Most people are familiar with only the computational aspects of mathematics and so are likely to argue for its place in the school curriculum and for traditional methods of instructing children in computation. In contrast, mathematicians see computation as merely a tool in the real stuff of mathematics, which includes problem solving, and characterizing and understanding structure and patterns. The current debate concerning what students should learn in mathematics seems to set proponents of teaching computational skills against the advocates of fostering conceptual understanding and reflects the wide range of beliefs about what aspects of mathematics are important to know. A growing body of research provides convincing evidence that what teachers know and believe about mathematics is closely linked to their instructional decisions and actions (Brown, 1985; National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989; Wilson, 1990a, b; Brophy, 1990; Thompson, 1992).


Copy a calculation result: Touch and hold the calculation result in the display, tap Copy, then paste the result somewhere else, such as a note or message. Delete the last digit: If you make a mistake when you enter a number, swipe left or right on the display at the top. Clear the display: Tap the Clear (C) key to delete the last entry, or tap the All Clear (AC) key to delete all entries. Discrete logarithms have uses in public-key cryptography, such as the one used to deliver this log calculator securely to you, making sure no one can eavesdrop on your communication with our website. Another scale which is logarithmic is the Richter earthquake magnitude scale, measuring the earthquake's energy release. Since it is logarithmic, an earthquake of magnitude 5 is 32 times stronger ... I have a calculator that does not have antilog function. All it has is log to base 10 and natural log functions. I was wondering if it is possible to calculate antilog using the log to base 10 function. Can this be done ? I am only concerned about log to base 10 and antilog to base 10.
["This hidden iOS feature offers a built-in calculator app on iPad as well as on the iPhone. Here's how you can access and use it."] At one point or other, there comes a time where you want to use the Apple iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus Calculator. The iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus scientific calculator does a great job in helping in times that you need to do mathematics.
Hi, I'm trying to find the key to press on the iPhone scientific calculator to give me the inverse of sin, cos & tan. On most scientific calculators there is an inv key which you press before sin, cos or tan to give you the inverse. Other calculators have keys for arcsin arccos arctan. The iphone sc... Tech support scams are an industry-wide issue where scammers trick you into paying for unnecessary technical support services. You can help protect yourself from scammers by verifying that the contact is a Microsoft Agent or Microsoft Employee and that the phone number is an official Microsoft global customer service number.
Press LOG key (this establishes that whatever is entered next, the calculator will calculate the –LOG of the number) Press ( key (this make the calculator figure everything inside the ( before it takes the log of the numbers) Enter 3.16 (the three significant figures from the [H +] ) Press EE key (the calculator now assumes you want to enter ... Inverse log calculator shows the calculation for finding the antilogarithm in base $2$ of $10$. For any other combinations the base and logarithm, just supply the other two numbers as inputs and click on the on the "CALCULATE" button. Have in mind that the value of the base must be positive, not equal to $1$. The grade school students may use ...
I'll be honest, I don't think I've used a scientific calculator since college. But my teenage daughter uses one every time she does her math homework. The problem is that she's constantly losing her calculator. On the other hand, she has never once lost her phone. I suspect that her priorities in this matter are similar to those of most teenagers. That's why it's so great that the iPhone has a ... iKeyMonitor is one of the best keylogger apps for iPhone and iPad. It not only logs keystrokes but also monitors SMS, WhatsApp, Calls, Facebook, Twitter, and many other things. Once installed on the device, you receive logs through email. There’s no need to login to any dashboard or web service to view the activities. How to Do Percentages on a Calculator. A percentage is a special way of representing a portion of something. A percentage is a number that indicates a fraction made up of 100 parts. Thus, 100% means the whole thing (whatever is being...
Using the percentage (%) key on Calculator, you can easily find the amount including tip or after discount. While some, like working adults, may already know how to do the percentage math with the key, many people may not know the function since they seldom use a calculator in their daily life (I actually did not know the function, though I could imagine calculation would go smoothly if I used ... PCalc's App Store tagline is "The Best Calculator" and that may just be true. It's one of the most full-featured calculator apps around, and thanks to its availability on iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, and Mac, it's ubiquitous.
The iPhone and iPod touch include a built-in calculator app that's easy to use and handy since it goes where ever you take your pocket-size iOS device. That calculator is pretty basic, but it also ... How do I input log to the base 2 on a calculator? So far the only way I know is to go log(x)/log2 = y for instance if I'm trying to find log to the base 2 of the number 24 I go log24/log2 But this is time consuming when you have a long equation with lots of log to the base to 2's in it. Scientific calculator online and mobile friendly. Creates a series of calculations that can be printed, bookmarked, shared and modified. Keys: pi, e, standard gravity, gas constant, sin, cos, tan, asin and more.
The Calculator app on your iPhone is really two calculators: a basic four-function calculator that you use for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and a scientific calculator that is capable of performing trigonometric calculations, logarithms, square roots, and percentages. How to do basic math functions on the iPhone Calculator Even if you remember your times … As it currently stands, this question is not a good fit for our Q&A format. We expect answers to be supported by facts, references, or expertise, but this question will likely solicit debate, arguments, polling, or extended discussion. If you've running iOS 11.1 through iOS 11.1.2, whether you have an iPhone X or an iPhone 5 S, you'll notice that Apple's Calculator app can't keep up with your calculations.That's a because a bug has seriously slowed it down so that operation buttons won't always trigger when you press them. Luckily, there's something you can do about it.
This free log calculator solves for the unknown portions of a logarithmic expression using base e, 2, 10, or any other desired base. Learn more about log rules, or explore hundreds of other calculators addressing topics such as math, finance, health, and fitness, among others. The layout of the calculator in its normal state has the functions you would expect to see on a fairly standard scientific calculator, which means that it is probably self-explanatory. Notice the shift button in the top left-hand corner. To enter a number in exponential format, enter the mantissa, followed by the EXP key, then the exponent. To ...
This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. iPhone Calculator. The iPhone calculator is a simple calculator with minimal functions. To do a simple calculation, enter in a number, then an operation, then another number, and then the = button. For instance, to add 13+86 you would enter 1 then 3, then +, then 8 and 6, then =. on the iphone, to get log with an exponent of your choosing, simply hit "2nd" key (turn your iphone sideways to see this) and you will find log2 and also logY which allows you to input your own number.
log b x = y. Anti-logarithm calculator. In order to calculate log-1 (y) on the calculator, enter the base b (10 is the default value, enter e for e constant), enter the logarithm value y and press the = or calculate button: I always forget how to do scientific notation on the iphone calculator. If I want say 2.88 x 10 to the power of 2, but I want that to show up on the calculator, not 288, what buttons do I have to press? I have tried pressing 2.88 x 2 then 10x button but it only gives me the answer once I try to do further multiplication.
There is no such option like a list of history. But yes, there is an option to go and see the last results of your calculation you had performed. How to do it ? Steps : Long press calculator icon (use of 3D Touch here) >> and there you have an opt... Just press the shift key before you press the log button and BINGO - you got antilog operation But you better use some application for your phone if your calculator does not has this button for some reason There is bung of calculus apps on the web, here a short list of them, in this article and this one
Discuss: How to find the iPhone calculator's hidden backspace button Sign in to comment. Be respectful, keep it civil and stay on topic. We delete comments that violate our policy, which we ... Unlike a tape calculator, though, Digits allows users to go back in the calculation history and change operations or figures, with those changes automatically figured in down the line. The app ...
The iPhone's stock Calculator app has gotten a bit of press lately for its swipe-to-delete gesture, but it's been a longtime workhorse on the iPhone — in fact, it's been around since the launch of Apple's very first model in 2007.. Throughout the years, the Calculator's look and feel has changed somewhat, but its core functionality remains the same: To help you quickly add, subtract, and ... I want to calculate a logarithm in iOS. Can Objective-C do this? We can use the same math functions which are available in C to do math operations in Objective-C. log base 2 on windows 10 scientific calculator I thought that ln function will do log base 2 on windows 10 but nay. When I type 40 for instance and click the ln function, it returns 3.6888..
The "Log" function on a graphing or scientific calculator is a key that allows you to work with logarithms. Logarithms are ways to figure out what exponents you need to multiply into a specific number. For example, using the "Log" The stored number, the display, all constant and pending operations and the key states remain in memory when you switch between the standard and scientific calculators and even if you turn the calculator 'off' by loosing focus of the app or hitting the 'Esc' key. Scientific Calculator Keys Read reviews, compare customer ratings, see screenshots, and learn more about The Calculator. Download The Calculator and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.
Your iPhone’s calculator works just like a pocket calculator. You can find the iPhone’s calculator feature on your Home screen, by clicking the calculator icon. Your handy iPhone calculator does just fine for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. Numbers and symbols (such as a C for clear, and M+ for memory) are large and easy […] The calculator supports input from any numeric keys of a computer keyboard: both the numeric keys on the top and the separate numeric keypad on the right. You can use the [Enter] key to enter the equal character. To delete the last character, press the [Backspace] (arrow) key.
Each of these keys on the iPhone are only the most basic keys found on a scientific calculator. Top row: left parenthesis; right parenthesis; ‘memory clear’; ‘add to memory’; ‘subtract memory value’; not sure; ‘clear all memory’; ‘change sign of y... Some numbers, such as 265 billion, have too many digits to display on a calculator. When this happens, the calculator displays the number in scientific notation, using the letter E to denote 10 to the power of whatever number comes after it. For example, 265 billion appears on a scientific calculator as 2.65 E 11.
I want to calculate log 2 / log 1, 06 on my iPhone… Please type what I should type on my iPhone calculator. Iphone: Question & Answers How to calculate logarithms on iPhone? iew8. I want to calculate log 2 / log 1, 06 on my iPhone… Please type what I should type on my iPhone calculator. Harald . If you rotate the iPhone 90º so that it is in landscape, you'll notice that the calculator ... I have a basic scientific calculator....such as not a TI graphic calculator. I saw in my Algebra book that we will have to work with log. It says that 3^2 (3 squared) = 9 and if I were to do the log function for this it would be 3 log 9, and should = 2. Well, when I put in 3 log 9 on my calculato... How to Operate a Scientific Calculator. This wikiHow teaches you how to master the basics of using a scientific calculator. Scientific calculators are must-have tools for higher math such as Algebra, Trigonometry, and Geometry. Find the...
Next post Previous post. iPhone 2.0 calculator. July 12, 2008 at 11:33 PM by Dr. Drang. In a previous post, I said I was looking forward to the 2.0 calculator because it was going beyond 4 functions to become a real scientific calculator.Now that it’s here, let’s take a look. First, we see there’s a new design to the basic calculator. Why you should avoid your iPhone's calculator. What does 1+2+3 equal? Not what you think, thanks to an iOS 11 bug. There's an easy fix, but it will annoy the hell out of you.
A short demonstration of typing numbers in scientific notation on an iPhone calculator. Back in the sixteen hundreds (in fact even back in the dark ages when I went to school in the 1960's) we didn't have pocket calculators with LOG keys. Companies published books of tables, page after page of the powers of 10 that would give you almost any number you wanted. It's a lot easier to press a key! I do want to mention that the little ...


Welcome to the Binary2Hex online calculator portal. Here you can find a solution to your problems with a detailed explanation of the answer and thereby learn something new and interesting. All calculators are divided into thematic groups, and the most popular are presented on this page.
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The calculator subtracts in a column and shows a detailed solution.
This calculator is able to divide the column, giving a detailed explanation as taught in school. Support for comma-separated numbers and a result with a remainder.
This calculator can multiply two numbers in a column.You can multiply integers and fractions, positive and negative.
Adding two numbers in a column. You can add any two numbers in a column. All transfers are shown.
This online calculator can translate numbers from one number system to any other, showing the detailed progress of the solution.
This online calculator is designed for adding subtracting multiplying and dividing by a column of fractional numbers written in binary, ternary, octal, hexadecimal and any other number system.Fractional numbers are supported. The division column.
Calculator for converting from megabits to megabytes or from kilobits to kilobytes, as well as from bits to bytes. The calculator translates the Internet speed into the actual amount of data transferred.


Blackjack – THE HOME Edge
There are many types of casino game, but the most popular included in this are blackjack, baccarat, 온라인 카지노 and video tutorial poker. Some people have their very own favorite casino game, the ultimate way to learn and enjoy it really is to get tips from experts. Playing a fresh game is always a bit confusing, so learning the fundamentals of a casino game is vital.
In a normal casino game, you will find a set number of rounds played, called a dealer’s rounds. After each dealer round, the dealer will apply a typical deviation which is a kind of random number generators. Therefore instead of obtaining a single number from each circular of randomness, the player will get a group of numbers, which can be used to determine the upshot of a hand. There are numerous other uses for common deviation in the casino video game world, including calculating the likelihood of an exact payoff and the worthiness of a dollar to cash out.
Probably the most popular casino games is slot machines. Slots are used a deck of cards, and the goal is to get the “low” card – the jackpot – while remaining on the correct side (i.e., your group if you’re playing in a progressive casino). There are two kinds of slots, progressive and non-progressive. In progressive casinos, all earning cards visit the same owner; non-progressive casinos use a random number generator to decide who gets the jackpot. Slot machines are widely available in online and offline casinos alike, making it easy for players to switch from one casino to another.
Blackjack, on the other hand, is a game of chance. Although there’s a house edge, or we.e., the expected benefit of a single expenditure, since jackpots are non-guaranteed, the expected value of a single bet is figured utilizing a mathematical algorithm. Whilst every bet on a casino game is section of a mathematical equation, some internet casino games have much bigger sums of money at stake than others. Blackjack players can benefit once the house edge is small; the smaller the house edge, the much more likely that a player will be lucky enough going to the jackpot. The disadvantage to the strategy is that in a modern casino game with a small house edge, the home always wins, so any participant not playing aggressively will in the end lose.
Poker players will encounter frustrating moments in their gaming careers. Frequently, inexperienced poker players don’t understand that the odds to getting a specific cards (the “jack”) upon any offered round of betting aren’t consistent. In order to increase their likelihood of hitting the jackpot, they have to bet larger amounts during each side, hoping that the number of times they struck that jackpot will equal the likely frequency of drawing that particular card. Although the house constantly wins, inexperienced poker players may find themselves in the losing end of an extended and drawn-out game, since they were not able to capitalize on a chance to get.
It is important to remember that the home edge only identifies the difference between your initial casino investment and the final payout. The actual casino investment is much greater than the initial price of the gaming machine, and this figure does not include any extra profits made through house advertising. This physique represents the casino’s profit margin and is what sets a casino apart from other gambling venues. The casino may offset the losses from home edge in different ways, but the two most common ways are by reducing house edge through technological developments in video and sound techniques and through slightly better ticket prices.
Despite the differences in casino design, one thing that all casinos have in common is that slot machines and roulette are performed on a set slate. No matter what sort of particular game is established, whether the casino chooses to include a four-suit or seven-match or blackjack or perhaps a variety of other options, each and every time the game begins, it’s the same slate which will be used for the gambler to try to beat the odds and make money. If no initial luck occurs, or if the gambler loses on more than one occasion, the gambling establishment can adjust the chances and the result of the game in order to make the gamble a little more favorable. It is the basic idea behind casino gambling, and it is the basis for all of the various kinds of gambling available to the public.
To be able to fully appreciate precisely how important the house edge would be to the long-term success of a casino, it’s essential for us to have a closer look at this concept in its most essential form. Essentially, the casino wants to make as much money as possible off of each and every bet that is positioned on the table. The home edge essentially means that a player who throws a number of dollars on the table and gets away an identical amount has basically lost the equivalent of several times that amount by the time the game ends and the player has to walk away with his money. It doesn’t help matters if that player is using their own money or somebody else’s; what really matters will be how badly he wants to win the game. If you know that you are going to place big money on the line and you also are emotionally involved with the results, then chances are good that you’ll place plenty of bets and make some easy cash.


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