The Department of Applied Mathematics has been established on June 23 of 1973 upon Decree No.241 of the CPI Rector as part of the Faculty of Instrument Engineering upn an initiative of its first Director, Vladimir Tsygankov.
It was the first department of the South Urals that preformed training of specialists in programming, mathematical methods application and computational equipment for various spheres of science and technology.
For the entire period of its existence, the Department graduated more than 2700 alumni in the specialties of IT sphere and applied mathematics. Among the Department’s alumni are bank executives, top managers of various companies, notorious scientists, professors of SUSU and of many other European and American universities, programmers working in the best firms of Russia, Europe, USA and other countries. The status of a PRIMA (from Russian abbreviation for Applied Mathematics) graduate is a well-established brand of CPI-CSTU-SUSU.
At the present time, team of the Department carries out research in such areas as mathematical modeling of physical and physical-and-chemical processes, adaptive algorithms of multiextremal optimization, multi-dimensional statistical analysis and applied statistics, mathematical models on the basis of Sobolev type equations of high order, control over robotized engineering systems under conditions of indeterminacy, discrete mathematics, and methodology and modern technology for teaching mathematics in higher school.
The Department performs training in three bachelor’s programs, two master’s programs, and two programs for postgraduate studies. In 2016, upon the Rector Aleksandr Shestakov’s Order No.215 dated 28.04.2016 (“On establishment of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Programming”), the Department was renamed into the Department of Applied Mathematics and Programming. Head of the Department is Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor Alena Zamyshlyaeva.
The Department has a School of Olympiad Programming for university and school students; it performs training for Olympiads in mathematics. Student teams representing SUSU at all-Russian and international Olympiads and tournaments in mathematics and programming, as a rule, consist of students of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Programming. Students regularly receive certificates and awards for their successful performance in individual and team events.
Within the celebration of the Department’s 45th anniversary, a lecture by a graduate of the PRIMA Department, Professor of Berkeley University (California, USA) and Technical University of Berlin (Germany), prize winner of the International Sofia Kovalevskaya Award and holed of the European Mathematical Society prize, Olga Golts (Professor of Mathematics at the University of California-Berkeley and a Visiting Professor of Applied Mathematics at Technical University Berlin and Berlin Mathematical School), will be held on the topic “Expansion of graphs and communication complexity of algorithms”.
The lecture is to be held on June 23 of 2018 at 12:00 in room 428 of the Main university building.
A celebratory event on the occasion of the 45th anniversary of the Department is to take place at SUSU Activity Hall on June 23, 2018 at 14:00.


Starfall – reading activities
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NCTM Illuminations - math activities
That Quiz - Math test activities.
100th Day of School links from technologyrocksseriously
Make a Flake
FOSSWeb - Interactive activities to be used with the FOSS science kits.
Fun Brain – play games including math arcade and reading.
NASA - play games and do projects to learn about NASA and outer space.
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Basically to know the odds of winning x number of games out of y total games, you would multiply two quantities:
1) The odds of winning all games
2) The sum of the likelihood of losing all the games you need to lose divided by the likelihood of winning those games for each combination that satisfies your criterion of losing y - x games.
That second quantity might not be totally clear so I'll go into more detail. Basically if you have four games and you want to know the probability of winning three of them, you first enumerate the ways you can win three. In this case that is easy. You either lose game 1, 2, 3, or 4. So that second term would be the prob of losing game 1 divided by the prob of winning game 1 plus the prob of losing game 2 divided by the prob of winning game two plus the same for game3 plus the same for game 4. If it were the probability of winning two games out of four, now the games you need to lose come in combinations. There are 6 of them. For example, you could lose games 1 and 2. So the contribution to the sum in part 2 above for that particular combination would be (prob of losing 1*prob of losing 2)/(prob of winning 1*prob of winning 2). There would be a term in the sum for each of the six combinations of games you must lose to satisfy the condition of winning 2 of four games.
To write out the math, lets say we have a 4 game season and we want to know the probability of winning three games.
First, how many combinations is that. The answer is 4 choose 3, which is 4.
If the probability of winning game 1 is w1 and the probability of losing is l1, then the probability of winning three of four games is:
P3(4) = w1w2w3w4 * ( l1/w1 + l2/w2 + l3/w3 + l4/w4 )
On the other hand if we want to know the probability of winning 2 of 4 games, then the number of combinations is 4 choose 2, or 6. We can enumerate those as losing the following combinations, 1,2 ; 1,3 ; 1,4 ; 2,3 ; 2,4 ; 3,4. The probability becomes:
P2(4) = w1w2w3w4 * ( l1l2/w1w2 + l1l3/w1w3 + l1l4/w1w4 + l2l3/w2w3 + l2l4/w2w4 + l3l4/w3w4 )
Now, if your question is what is the probability of winning at least x games of y games, then you would just use:
P of winning at least x games of y is equal to: Sum from i = x to i = y of Pi(y)
Or, using the previous example, the probability of winning at least 2 is: P2(4) + P3(4) + P4(4).
To give actual numbers, if there are four games and the the probabilities of winning are .2, .8, .3, and .9, then :
The prob of winning two games is 50.2%.
The prob of winning three games is 28.9%.
Note that this form should work for all numbers of games.
If it is the prob of winning one game then the terms in the sum look like l1l2l3/w1w2w3 ... Three terms per combination because you would have to have three losses.
The prob of winning zero games becomes w1w2w3w4 * (l1l2l3l4/w1w2w3w4), which reduces to the the obvious l1l2l3l4.
The prob of winning 4 games is just w1w2w3w4 since there are no losing combinations to sum over in the second portion of the probability equation.
This should be fairly straightforward in a spreadsheet but I don't like that you have to enumerate all combinations. To make sure you get them all use the following equation.
N choose r is n!/(r!(n-r)!).
Last edited by TennTradition; 06-05-2014 at 07:09 AM.
This is actually done analytically very easily by writing some code. The nice thing is the combination sets are the same for everyone as long as they play the same number of games. All you need to do is define the probabilities you want at that point.
*But, man, I wish I still had Matlab.
My contribution to this thread:
It's less clever and more brute force, but nested for loops with logic in between might get you there. Basically populating the combination with zeros and ones for wins and losses for each x of y game scenario then ripping through the math using for loops from there (which is the most straightforward part).
Sorry I am late to the party, as I was asleep through the whole thing. Because it involves combinatorial numbers, it can get a bit hairy. It is not as easy as just getting a mean games won and going with a bell curve and standard deviations, if I am not mistaken, because each game has a different weight to it.
And my studies were not in probabilities (only took a couple of courses on it). So I would trust someone else in this matter. I think TennTradition is who you want in this case.
Also, it has been 20 years and my work has involved zero mathematics since then, much to my sadness. I didn't want to get an advanced degree (lazy) and didn't want to crunch actuarial tables all day (boring), so I went into computer systems administration.
Just did a quick google because generating the unique n choose r combinations should be a common request. Found this, but I haven't read in detail.
One other note KB, I derived this assuming non-zero probabilities of winning because I'm a damn optimist. This simplified form will require you to at least give us a shot of winning.
And yes, python and an interpreter do come pre-installed on Macs.


Topology and Geometry of Networks and Discrete Metric
Geometry and Topology Mathematics at Illinois. The "Stanford Bunny" statue in Topology and Its Applications was created by the Stanford Graphics Group, and the origintal data for the "head of David" figure comes from their Digital Michelangelo Project. Topological Methods in Scientific Computing Stastics and Computer Science: Lots of preprints on computational topology and computational geometry., Basic Algebraic Topology and its Applications. Reveals the importance of algebraic topology in contemporary mathematics, theoretical physics, computer science,.
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Geometry and Topology Mathematics at Illinois
What is Network Topology?Computer Science Degree Hub. Applications of Graph Theory and Topology in Inorganic Cluster and Coordination Chemistry is a text Management Chemistry Computer Science & Engineering https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_ad_hoc_network Network Topology is the schematic description of a Application Layer; Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected.
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Students dress up as their 100-year-old selves
Students around Sydney celebrate 100 days of kindergarten.
It was celebration time as schools marked 100 days of kindergarten.
Students at Masada College celebrated by dressing up as their 100-year-old selves, enjoyed maths activities to explore the number 100 and shared celebratory cakes.
Kindergarten teacher at Masada College Michelle Freedman said it was “a wonderful way for the children to reflect on all that they have learnt in a short time and to discuss what they are looking forward to this term”.
The children were “super excited” to celebrate 100 days of kindergarten, an important milestone for them and their parents.
“Due to the impact COVID has had on these young people, our objective has been to build in as many fun and engaging events to the curriculum as possible,” Freedman said.
The 100 days of learning is being used at Masada to build children’s knowledge of the number 100, including counting forwards, counting in tens and working out how many days were left until they reached 100.
Freedman said the children were “totally engaged” in the day’s activities, understood the significance of the celebration, and were “extremely proud” of all they had learnt in their first 100 days of school.
“I am so proud of our kindy superstars,” she added.


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I am persuaded that this method [for calculating the volume of a sphere] will be of no little service to mathematics. For I foresee that once it is understood and established, it will be used to discover other theorems which have not yet occurred to me, by other mathematicians, now living or yet unborn.
It follows at once from the last proposition that the centre of gravity of any triangle is at the intersection of the lines drawn from any two angles to the middle points of the opposite sides respectively.
Many people believe that the grains of sand are infinite in multitude ... Others think that although their number is not without limit, no number can ever be named which will be greater than the number of grains of sand. But I shall try to prove to you that among the numbers which I have named there are those which exceed the number of grains in a heap of sand the size not only of the earth, but even of the universe


Rewards program for the Algofi protocol.
The rewards methodology is in part inspired by AIP-16. Rewards are allocated pro-rata across the markets based on the weighted dollar value of the TVL in the underlying market. Consider the following market:
The ALGO, goBTC, and goETH weighted dollarized TVL are (600+50) * 1.8 * 1 = 1170mm, (0.002 + 0.001) * 61000 * 2 = 366mm, and (0.01 + 0.002) * 4200 * 2 = 100.8mm, respectively. The total weighted dollarized TVL is 1170 + 366 + 100.8 = 1636.8mm.
For example, if the protocol were issuing 100,000 ALGO tokens in rewards, then it would allocate 1170 / 1636.8 ~ 71% (71480 ALGOs), 366/1636.8 ~ 23% (22360 ALGOs), and 100.8/1636.8 ~ 6% (6160 ALGOs) of the rewards to the ALGO, goBTC, and goETH markets, respectively.
Then, within a given market, the protocol distributes the tokens on a pro-rata basis according to user supply TVL + borrow TVL. For example, within the ALGO market, the 71,480 tokens would be distributed evenly among the 600 + 50 = 650mm, resulting in ~109 ALGO tokens per 1mm of TVL.
To calculate rewards for a given market, a cumulative sum construction is used where every time the manager contract updates, the amount of rewards paid out / market TVL is saved down. This quantity is the market rewards coefficient:
where rewards paid to market m at time t is
- is rewards paid per second to the protocol
- is the time in seconds since the last manager update
- is the dollarized weighted TVL for market m at time t where a given market's TVL is scaled by its weight parameter:
- is the token TVL for market m at time t, the sum of the supply and borrow TVLs
To calculate the rewards accrued by a supplier or borrower of K tokens in market m between times t1 and t2, the difference between the two cumsum coefficients is calculated and scaled by the user's TVL:
Last modified 10mo ago


In November 2018 the BBC Radio 4 Today Programme was visiting Ulster University for an outside broadcast. I was asked to write the Puzzle for the Day for the broadcast. Here is my puzzle and some discussion about how it can be solved. The puzzle and a very brief solution is on the BBC page, but I restate it below, together with a more full solution.
A Professor gives her team of three PhD students many calculations to perform. The first student is the most experienced and can complete the job on her own in 7 hours, the next would take 14 hours on his own, and the last would take 28 hours working single handed to complete the task. How long would the task take if they all worked together?
If the Professor has more helpers, but which follow the same pattern of numbers to complete the task, what is the absolute minimum time the task can take?
Solving Part One.
Possibly the easiest way to solve the first part is to consider how much work can be done by each team member in a single hour and adding to get the total amount of work done per hour. For instance, the first team member can do the whole job in seven hours, so they can do of the job in one hour etc. So the team together can do the following in one hour:
In other words, one quarter of the job can be done in a single hour by the team of three working together. It follows that to do the whole job, the team needs four hours.
Solving Part Two.
So what about part two of the puzzle? Quite reasonably, some people attempting the puzzle assumed that the more and more team members we would add, the time to complete the task would eventually drop to zero. This seems fairly intuitive – if you have potentially infinite team members then the total time must drop to zero.
But imagine we continue our pattern from above, for far more than three team members. This would be the proportion of work done in one hour by even an infinite team.
If this addition produces an infinite “answer” then an infinite work rate per hour would certainly suggest the task could be done instantly. Surprisingly perhaps this sum of infinitely many numbers does not have an infinite answer. It may be a little easier to see its nature if we take out a factor of .
Then the summation looks like this:
It may be intuitive for some people that the numbers inside the bracket will get over closer to 2 – setting aside the initial 1, each subsequent number added goes half way from the previous sum to adding an additional 1 in total. In other words, this whole sum will be .
Some infinite summations do indeed have finite answers, but it can be quite difficult to prove which are which, or to find the summations if they are finite. However, this example, aside from intuitively having a relatively easy answer falls into a special category of such summations called a geometric progression. These are series of the form:
In other words, each item in the sum is the previous item multiplied by some common ratio . There is a nice formula for the sum of the first terms of such progressions which you could use to solve part one – though it would rather be a sledgehammer to crack a nutshell, but there is a formula for the infinite summation too.
(provided , or in other words that is between -1 and 1 not-inclusive, if not then the summation is infinite).
In this case and and passes the test above so the infinite sum is indeed verified to be .
Finally therefore, if even infinitely many team members can only do of the job in an hour, we need to work out the number to multiply on this to get to the whole job being done, i.e. not “2/7” of the job but the whole “1” of the job.
That number is , so the whole job can be reduced from the four hours of part one to not less than 3.5 hours.
Of course, there are other ways to solve the puzzle. This is just one example pathway. If you are interested in how I went about constructing the puzzle, I detail that in another post.
Incidentally, the fact that summations of infinitely many objects sometimes has finite answers is of vital importance for many real life applications of mathematics. The whole subject of Integral Calculus relies on this, and for instance, this is closely related to why it is possible, with finite energy for a rocket to escape Earth or an electron to escape an atom.


The best way to discover what risks are involved in auto financing is through the use of car loan calculators. Car loan calculators allow you to calculate your monthly payments beforehand and make estimates on how much money you can afford to borrow, how much money you need to earn, and how much you need to come up with every month to pay off your loan balance.Car loan calculators are widely available online. There are several websites that provide car loan calculators for those who are careful in their loan investments. Below are a few of these websites where you can find car loan calculators and use them for free.
AutoWorld.com – Car Loan Calculators
AutoWorld.com features online car loan calculators that are simple and easy to use. You can calculate your loan payments by typing in the number of months, interest rate value, amount financed, and monthly payment and then clicking on the ‘Compute ‘ button. If, for example, you borrowed $6000 on your new car at 10% APR for 24 months, by using the car loan calculators, you can therefore predetermine how much your monthly payment would be.
Cu-Village.com – Car Loan Calculators
Cu-Village.com offers several financial tools to assist loan customers in their financing dilemmas. The website has car loan calculators which you can use to estimate how much your monthly payments on your loan would be. For example, the cost of the vehicle is $25, 000 and you make a down payment for the amount of $5, 000 with an interest rate of 8 per cent for 48 months. The trade-in value of the vehicle is at $2,000. When you click on the ‘Calculate’ button, the car loan calculators will display the monthly payment of $439.43 with total interest paid on loan at $3, 092.76.
Hedge-Hog.com – Car Loan Calculators
Hedge-Hog.com is another great online source for car loan calculators. Their online car loan calculators find your monthly payment on a car loan. Simply enter the car price, number of months of the loan, and the interest rate. You can also include some extra charges if there are any. These charges may include the dealer warranty, sales tax, down payment, and trade-in allowance. Once you have all these pieces of information handy, the online car loan calculators will provide you with a graph that outlines and plots the monthly payment over a range of different loan periods. This allows you to easily see the effect of loan period on your monthly payment.


Simulation and interaction of fluid and solid dynamics
Fluid and solid simulation is to generate a realistic simulation of fluids and solids, in particular for the fluids such as water and smoke, with computation of Euler equations or Navier-Stokes equations conducted to govern the real fluid physics. Fluid simulation is an important field by its wide applications in many fields and industries, such as film and game simulation, weather forecasting, natural disaster simulation and protection, simulation in maritime and aviation. There are basically two main categories of methods for fluid simulation, data-driven methods and physically-based methods. The data-driven models establish a direct mapping between variables and extract their relationship from historically measured data by the algorithms developed in the fields of statistics, computational intelligence, machine learning, and data mining. The physically-based models mainly express interior behavior through solving some mathematical equations that represent the motion of objects. The complicated interaction of fluid and solid is also an important topic in fluid simulation. Fluid-solid interaction happens in various forms in our lives. We have selected in this special issue seven papers that provide the latest updates on the development of Data-driven simulation in fluids animation, and various physically based approaches such as the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), two-phase liquid simulation, cumulus cloud modeling.


The average performance of our model is 87.5, with a standard deviation of about 0.85.
A problem with multiple split tests is that it is possible that some data instance are never included for training or testing, where as others may be selected multiple times.
If you have one mean and standard deviation for algorithm A and another mean and standard deviation for algorithm B and they differ (for example, algorithm A has a higher accuracy), how do you know if the difference is meaningful?
This only matters if you want to compare the results between algorithms.
The effect is that this may skew results and may not give an meaningful idea of the accuracy of the algorithm.
The randomness may be explicit in the algorithm or may be in the sample of the data selected to train the algorithm.This will split the dataset into 10 parts (10 folds) and the algorithm will be run 10 times.Each time the algorithm is run, it will be trained on 90% of the data and tested on 10%, and each run of the algorithm will change which 10% of the data the algorithm is tested on.If you have a dataset, you may want to train the model on the dataset and then report the results of the model on that dataset. The problem with this approach of evaluating algorithms is that you indeed will know the performance of the algorithm on the dataset, but do not have any indication of how the algorithm will perform on data that the model was not trained on (so-called unseen data).This matters, only if you want to use the model to make predictions on unseen data.


This is the course page for a lecture series, ‘Bayesian inference for researchers’ that I have taught a number of times at Oxford.
The lecture slides and problem sheets for the course are here.
The material covered in each of the lectures roughly follows:
Lecture 1. Introduction to the course (lecture dates, syllabus, problem sets, group projects); the theory of inference – going from the Big World to the Small World; likelihoods defined by the boundaries of the Small World; all inference as inverting a likelihood; Classical versus Bayesian approaches to inversion; an introduction to probability distributions, and their manipulation; parts of Bayes’ rule for inference.
Lecture 2. How to build a statistical model (applied example); how to use existent data to validate a model through graphical methods, and posterior predictive checks (more theory on PPCs to follow in lecture 3); the theory of priors in Bayesian inference; the illusion of ‘uninformative’ priors; prior predictive distributions; posterior point summaries – MAP, posterior median and mean; posterior interval summaries – CPI vs HDI; posterior predictive distributions; the difficulty of Bayesian statistics due to its high dimensional integrals; conjugate priors and sampling as ways round these difficulties; definition of conjugate priors; beta-binomial conjugate example.
Lecture 3. Posterior predictive checks in detail – their use as a way of checking the appropriateness of the model for any aspect of the data; posterior predictive checks as shifting the boundaries of the Small World; recap of the difficulty of Bayesian inference – the need to calculate high dimensional integrals; the restriction of using conjugate priors; potential solutions for the difficulty – discretising the posterior, and numerical quadrature; the problem that the complexity of the aforementioned methods scales exponentially with the parameter dimensionality; an introduction to sampling through the computational die; independent sampling as a way to approximate high dimensional integrals; the difficulty of creating an independent sampler in practice – rejection sampling, inverse transform sampling, and importance sampling; the impossibility of independent sampling from the posterior in practice (in part due to the difficulty of calculating the denominator); a shift from independent sampling to dependent, which allows us to use relative posterior height, rather than absolute; the cost of dependent sampling; quantifying the cost of dependent sampling through the effective sample size (Markovian die example).
Lecture 4. MCMC as a method to dependently sample from the posterior; the Metropolis algorithm explained through toy examples; the acceptance/rejection rule, and why it works; detailed balance and chain ergodicity underpinning chain convergence to the posterior; sampling efficiency as a function of step size; adaptive MCMC; the difficulty of monitoring convergence to the posterior; problems with convergence monitoring using a single chain; using parallel chains initialised in random parts of posterior space to judge convergence; Gelman and Rubin’s R-hat; warm up period; effective sample size revisited and defined more fully; the effectiveness of an algorithm should be measured by # effective samples per second not samples; Gelman’s ‘Folk Theorem’.
Lecture 5. An introduction to Gibbs sampling; Gibbs sampling as a specific example of the Metropolis sampler; Gibbs sampling versus Random Walk Metropolis; the problem of Random Walk Metropolis and Gibbs; an introduction to Hamiltonian Monte Carlo in Stan ; using symplectic integrators to simulate volume-conserving paths in (position, momentum) space; the revised acceptance/rejection rule; comparing the results of Gibbs with aforementioned algorithms. The following material will be mentioned in references, but will not be explicitly covered in the lectures: the problem of ‘U-turns’ in HMC; an introduction to the ‘No U-Turn Sampler’ (NUTS) used in Stan as a way of avoiding manual tuning; the problem with HMC; Riemannian MCMC as a remedy, albeit with the extra computational cost of evaluating the 2nd derivative; the problem of multimodality, and a potential solution through Adiabatic MCMC.
Lecture 6. An introduction to the Stan language; Stan’s differences versus JAGS/BUGS; Stan’s code blocks; variable declaration; access through ‘rstan’ or other Matlab/Python wrappers; live coding up a model in Stan and how to debug by print; an introduction to Shiny Stan; PPCs in Stan via the ‘generated quantities’ block; an introduction to Stan’s active Google groups forum. An introduction to hierarchical models as lying in a spectrum from complete pooling to fully heterogeneous parameters; the benefits of hierarchical modelling; shrinkage of estimators towards group mean; priors and hyper-priors; model testing in hierarchical models; parameter identification, and the importance of fake data simulation; coding up a hierarchical model in Stan and comparing it to a non-hierarchical equivalent; an introduction to the student projects.
Lecture 7. A focus on one/two case studies: fitting an ODE/PDE model using Random Walk Metropolis, and a nice hierarchical model. If we have time we will look at how to estimate a model’s out-of-sample predictive power through AIC, DIC, WAIC, LOO-CV and K-fold CV; the choice of cross-validation metric to reflect the eventual use of the model.


In this short note, we will try to improve readers’ intuition on the duration and convexity of bonds.
To talk about convexity, we first need to know what the duration is.
Below is the graph that represents the connection between a bond’s yield and price.
Just by observing, the yield-price function graph gives us a few interesting takeaways. In Mathematics it is said that function is strictly decreasing which translates into „the yield is falling if and only if the price is rising and the yield is rising if and only if the price is falling“. We have not got far, but stay with us, now comes the fun part.
From the point of the Mathematical Analysis, you would want to know what the derivative of the function is. So, let us pick a point on the x-axis, call it P, and find the derivative in that point. The derivative is the slope of a line that is tangent to the function at that point, as the following picture shows.
The derivative that was just calculated is sometimes known as the modified duration of a bond. Again, just by observing the graph above, we can see that the duration tells us how much we can expect the price to move after a movement in the yield. We can conclude that a „small“ duration means a movement in yield results in a relatively small movement in the price.
Simple logical deduction leads us to the following conclusion: a „big“ duration means a movement in the yield results in a relatively big movement in the price.
In other words, an investor who is looking for a smaller amount of volatility should be investing in bonds with a smaller duration, ceteris paribus.
Alongside the Mathematical Analysis point of view, there is also a Probabilistic approach which is a bit different.
Imagine a seesaw. One point of a seesaw is the issuance of a bond, and the other end is the maturity date. Put a weight on the maturity date that represents the bond’s principal in sum with the last coupon. The issuance end of the seesaw remains empty. The rest of the seesaw is divided into equal parts (the number of parts is the number of cash flows from a bond), with a weight that represents one coupon, as the next picture presents.
The equilibrium point of the seesaw is called Macaulay duration and is close to the modified duration. Macaulay duration we can interpret as the average time that needs to pass to return money invested in a bond.
From now on, we will not differentiate between these two durations, and we will call them just duration.
From the last remark, we conclude that the duration on zero coupon bonds decreases linearly from [years to maturity] towards zero. Bonds that have coupons strictly greater than 0 don’t have a linear change in duration with time, but during the first period of time duration slowly decreases, and toward maturity has a stronger decrease (because the most weight is in the last period), which is presented on the following graph.
With a better understanding of duration, we can now move to convexity. Let’s examine the next graph.
The last graph motivates the definition of the curvature of a curve. Curvature is a measure in Mathematics that says how much a curve is curved, for which we would like that:
- a line has a zero curvature.
- a big circle has a smaller curvature than a small circle (because a bigger circle is locally closer to the line).
- a circle has constant curvature.
Somewhere in a theory known as Differential Geometry, mathematicians did find that measure. It is expressed through a derivative of a derivative that is sometimes called a second derivative.
We are going back to our yield-price function, and we want to know how much it is curved. The following graph shows yield-price functions with different curvatures.
The curvature of a yield-price function we call the convexity of a bond. We are trying to avoid mathematical language, but a reader should be aware that convexity is close to the second derivative of a yield-price function (or equivalently, with convexity, we measure how much duration is sensitive on movements). The last graph shows us the importance of convexity. With smaller convexity on a bond, the yield-price function is closer to a line, and the approximation of a future price calculated with a duration is closer to the actual price of a bond after the movement.
We can conclude that duration gives us intuition on how much a price will move after a relatively small movement in yield, and convexity gives us information on how much approximation by duration will be precise.
For example, the Italian 10-year bond, which can be found under ticker ITALY 5 3/8 06/15/33, currently has a price of 93.494 and a yield of 6.285%. The coupon is 5.375. If a yield falls by 3% (on a 3.285%) the price moves to 117.11, which is a 25.26% increase in price. On the other side, if a yield rises by 3% (on a 9.285%), the price moves to 75.464, a decrease in the price of 19.3%. As we can see, the price doesn’t change linearly due to convexity. The duration for this bond is 7.395, which is very high, due to which a price has large movements (over 20%) after just a 3% movement in the yield.
To sum up, if we want the small volatility of a bond, then we need to find a bond with a small duration and a small convexity.
In that regard, bonds on the long end with small yields are especially dangerous because they have a long duration due to long maturity, so the risk-reward is very unfavourable. For a small gain (carry of a small yield), you take a big risk (capital loss) if yields move to slightly higher levels.
The importance of duration and convexity comes from the Fundamental theorem for curves that says that the whole behavior of the yield-price function is explained with these two measures. That is the reason why we always mention duration and convexity and we hope that we managed to bring closer this topic to you.


A First Course in Probability 9th Edition by Sheldon Ross, ISBN-13: 978-0321794772
[PDF eBook eTextbook]
- Publisher: Pearson; 9th edition (December 21, 2012)
- Language: English
- 480 pages
- ISBN-10: 032179477X
- ISBN-13: 978-0321794772
This book is intended as an elementary introduction to the theory of probability for students in mathematics, statistics, engineering, and the sciences (including computer science, biology, the social sciences, and management science) who possess the prerequisite knowledge of elementary calculus. It attempts to present not only the mathematics of probability theory, but also, through numerous examples, the many diverse possible applications of this subject.
Content and Course Planning
Chapter 1 presents the basic principles of combinatorial analysis, which are most useful in computing probabilities.
Chapter 2 handles the axioms of probability theory and shows how they can be applied to compute various probabilities of interest.
Chapter 3 deals with the extremely important subjects of conditional probability and independence of events. By a series of examples, we illustrate how conditional probabilities come into play not only when some partial information is available, but also as a tool to enable us to compute probabilities more easily, even when no partial information is present. This extremely important technique of obtaining probabilities by “conditioning” reappears in Chapter 7, where we use it to obtain expectations.
The concept of random variables is introduced in Chapters 4, 5, and 6. Discrete random variables are dealt with in Chapter 4, continuous random variables in Chapter 5, and jointly distributed random variables in Chapter 6. The important concepts of the expected value and the variance of a random variable are introduced in Chapters 4 and 5, and these quantities are then determined for many of the common types of random variables.
Additional properties of the expected value are considered in Chapter 7. Many examples illustrating the usefulness of the result that the expected value of a sum of random variables is equal to the sum of their expected values are presented. Sections on conditional expectation, including its use in prediction, and on momentgenerating functions are contained in this chapter. In addition, the final section introduces the multivariate normal distribution and presents a simple proof concerning the joint distribution of the sample mean and sample variance of a sample from a normal distribution.
Chapter 8 presents the major theoretical results of probability theory. In particular, we prove the strong law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. Our proof of the strong law is a relatively simple one that assumes that the random variables have a finite fourth moment, and our proof of the central limit theorem assumes Levy’s continuity theorem. This chapter also presents such probability inequalities as Markov’s inequality, Chebyshev’s inequality, and Chernoff bounds. The final section of Chapter 8 gives a bound on the error involved when a probability concerning a sum of independent Bernoulli random variables is approximated by the corresponding probability of a Poisson random variable having the same expected value.
Chapter 9 presents some additional topics, such as Markov chains, the Poisson process, and an introduction to information and coding theory, and Chapter 10 considers simulation.
As in the previous edition, three sets of exercises are given at the end of each chapter. They are designated as Problems, Theoretical Exercises, and Self-Test Problems and Exercises. This last set of exercises, for which complete solutions appear in Solutions to Self-Test Problems and Exercises, is designed to help students test their comprehension and study for exams.
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2248 is a free-to-play puzzle game created by the game production firm "Freshplanet Inc." It is playable on both PC and mobile devices such as iOS and Android..
2248 is a free-to-play puzzle game created by the game production firm "Freshplanet Inc." It is playable on both PC and mobile devices such as iOS and Android.
The goal of the game is to combine numbered tiles in order to attain the end goal of 2248. Each tile has a number on it, and you may make greater numbers by merging tiles with the same number. When you reach the tile with the number 2248, you have won the game.
The game is played on a 5x5 grid, and you can move the tiles by swiping left, right, up, or down. The numbers on the tiles rise as you continue through the game, making the difficulty tougher. To figure out the best approach to merge the tiles and accomplish the end goal, you'll need to apply your strategic thinking and problem-solving skills.
2248 has bright graphics and a simple, user-friendly interface, making it suitable for gamers of all ages. There is also a leaderboard in the game where you may compete with other players to see who can get the highest score.
The game has simple, easy-to-understand graphics and a minimalist style.
Because there are no time constraints, you can take your time strategizing and planning your movements.
If you make a mistake, you can undo your last move with the game's undo button.
You can acquire or buy power-ups in the game, such as a shuffle, which shuffles the tiles on the board, or a bomb, which destroys a tile.
The game is played on a grid of 5x5.
Only tiles with the same number can be combined.
When two tiles with the same number are combined, the total of their numbers forms one tile.
It is not possible to merge tiles diagonally.
When you reach the tile with the number 2248, you have won the game.
Plan ahead of time and try to predict the outcomes of your moves.
Focus on combining the largest numbers first, since they will result in the greatest score gains.
Maintain as much room as possible in the middle row and column, as these are the most versatile areas for moving tiles about.
Keep your highest numbers in one area of the board, as this will make merging them easier.
Use the undo button wisely to rectify mistakes and raise your score.
Make good use of power-ups and conserve them for when you truly need them.
2248 is a puzzle game in which players must merge numbered tiles to achieve the end objective of 2248. The game is similar to the popular 2048 game, but with a greater target number and new gaming features.
Yes, 2248 may be played on both PC and mobile devices.
2248 adds additional gameplay elements such as the ability to merge tiles diagonally and the addition of unique tiles that can aid or hinder your progress. The game also has several game modes, including Classic, Challenge, and Time Attack.
Yes, 2248 is a free-to-play game that may be played on your computer or mobile device. Some game modes, however, may require in-app purchases to access.
2248's gameplay is similar to that of 2048. To merge numbered tiles, players must slide them in one of four directions: up, down, left, or right. The goal is to merge tiles with the same number to get to the number 2248. When there are no more moves remaining on the board, the game is over.
Overall, 2248 is a fun and addicting puzzle game that provides a unique challenge to gamers who appreciate games that involve strategic thinking and problem-solving abilities.


This article is the second in a four-part series on Illinois School Report Card data.
MT. VERNON — District 80 as a whole did not meet adequate yearly progress standards for 2012-2013, but saw gains in reading scores that year, according to recently released School Report Card data.
Overall, 42 percent of district students met or exceeded state standards on the Illinois Standards Achievement Test for 2012-2013. This is equal to the district's percentage in 2011-2012, but below the state average of 59 percent.
In the reading category, 43 percent of district students met or exceeded ISAT standards for 2012-2013, up from the prior year's 41 percent and below the state average of 59 percent.
For math, 41 percent of students met or exceeded the standards in 2012-2013, down from the previous year's 44 percent and below the state average of 59 percent.
Science scores for the district remained at 67 percent, equal to the prior year and below the state average of 80 percent.
“The scores we look at very closely,” said Superintendent Mike Green. “We do strategic planning to look at our weaknesses.”
The School Report Card also includes test score data for three individual schools in District 80.
A total of 39 percent of Casey Middle School students met or exceeded the ISAT standards in 2012-2013, compared to 38 percent the prior year.
The school's reading percentage rose from 36 to 39 percent in 2012-2013, and the math score dropped from 41 to 39 percent that year. The science score stayed the same at 63 percent.
In addition, the black subgroup of students at Casey Middle School were able to make AYP in math under Safe Harbor guidelines.
At the J.L. Buford Intermediate Center, 45 percent of students met or exceeded overall ISAT standards in 2012-2013, up from the previous year's 44 percent.
Also, the center's reading percentage increased from 43 to 47 percent in 2012-2013, and the math score dropped from 46 to 43 percent that year. The science score rose from 44 to 45 percent.


STEM Ambassadors offer their time and enthusiasm to help bring STEM subjects to life, demonstrating the value of them in life and careers. Dean Parry, Service Implementation Manager at BPDTS, is a STEM Ambassador. Dean’s volunteer work is igniting excitement in young people for all things STEM. Read Dean’s blog post to learn more.
Service Implementation Manager at BPDTS; STEM Ambassador with STEM Learning
Being a STEM Ambassador with STEM Learning gives me the best of all worlds – loving the job I'm in, while also satisfying my younger self's interest in teaching. For those of you who don't know, STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.
Related content and links
About this blog
This blog features posts on key themes, trends, and industry practices. Our blog posts, written about and by the BPDTS community of talented and innovative technical professionals, cover four areas: our views, people, culture, and services.
- My journey from apprentice to Associate Infrastructure Engineer January 13, 2021
- XLAs put the user at the centre of every service December 16, 2020
- Interaction Designers and Content Designers – click or clash? November 24, 2020


Website Qualiteach Ltd
Maths Teacher – Newham – Mixed Secondary School – September start – Permanent ** Maths Teacher – Newham ** Maths Teacher – Outstanding Ofsted ** Maths Teacher – MPS1 – UPS3 (Inner London) ** Maths Teacher – Full-Time, permanent Are you a maths teacher looking for a permanent position this September? Can you confidently teach Maths to GCSE? Do you have an understanding of Maths alongside the AQA syllabus? If so, read on! About the role – Maths Teacher I am currently working with this secondary school in Newham who are looking to appoint a qualified Maths Teacher in September 22. The school are looking for someone to teach Maths on a full-time, permanent basis where they will teach KS3 & KS4. The KS3 curriculum is designed so that all students are learning the same topic at the same time to encourage completion of independent tasks within the classroom. The KS4 curriculum follows the AQA new GCSE mathematics syllabus where students will follow either the foundation or higher scheme of work depending on prior assessments. Across all key stages the following topics are covered: NumberAlgebraRatio, proportion & rates of changeGeometry & measuresProbabilityStatistics About the school – Maths Teacher This mixed secondary school based in the London borough of Newham prides itself upon innovation and collaboration while being able to challenge students to think beyond the classroom. Results have been proven to be high, best seen in the achievements of students in which they are academically driven and motivated. While being highly motivated to learn by their teachers, the main focus of teaching and learning amongst students is to develop a positive attitude towards learning where a range of educational and non-educational opportunities can be supported to achieve their full potential. The committed leadership team ensure that the best possible outcomes are achieved through a traditional approach to teaching and learning which has been incorporated with a new modern approach to support development. If you are interested in this Maths Teacher role, click apply now or contact Tom at Qualiteach for more information!


La Pietra combines a strong college-preparatory curriculum with small classes, which assures that attention is given to individual needs in an atmosphere of mutual endeavor and inquiry. La Pietra maintains an 7:1 student to teacher ratio with an average class size of 10 to 15 students. All departments offer electives and students may earn college credit through Advanced Placement (AP) courses, which are offered in both online and face-to-face formats.
Academic Information for the 2018-2019 School Year:
Total credits required for graduation are 24, and with the exception of Algebra 1 and World Language Level 1 courses taken in 8th grade, credits are counted from 9th-12th grade. In addition to total credits needed, the following course requirements must be satisfied:
- Fine Arts
- World Language
- Physical Education
- Social Studies
- Independent Project
- Women's and Gender Studies (Begin with Class of 2020)
2 credits - One credit must be earned by completing two of the following courses: Intro to Visual Art, Intro to Theatre, or Intro to Voice. Once completed, students identify which of the three tracks they wish to follow to complete their second credit. If the area of concentration is Visual Art, Art History must be taken in 11th or 12th grade.
3 credits - Algebra 1, Geometry, and either Algebra 2 and Trigonometry and Algebra 2/Trigonometry are required. Students taking Algebra 2 are encouraged to take a 1/2 credit Trigonometry class in either 11th or 12th grade to be best prepared for the SAT.For classes, there are two tracks for math, either:
- 1 credit of Algebra 2 and 1/2 credit of Trigonometry OR
- 1 credit of Algebra 2/Trigonometry (this is the accelerated course)


@brief Generic data structure for expressing physical values
Physical data is expressed in a 3-dimensional tuple of values. In addition to the data fields, this struct contains further the (physical) unit and the scale factor of the data. The unit is expressed as constant. The scale factor is expressed as power of 10 (10^factor).
The combination of signed 16-bit numbers with and the scale factor gives us a very high dynamic range (from -3210^-131 to 3210^130). In a wider sense we are saving the values as fixed floating points…
The scale factor is identical for all 3 values.
In a traditional (scientific) computational system the obvious choice for the used data type would be to use floats. We are however on heavily resource constrained (even 8-bit) embedded systems, so we use int16_t here. As most sensor are in some way ADC based, they normally do not use a higher accuracy than 12-14bit, so using 16-bit integers to represent this data is good enough in most cases.
val: [i16; 3]
< the 3 generic dimensions of data
< the (physical) unit of the data
< the scale factor, 10^scale


Sparse Bayesian structure learning with dependent relevance determination priorsAnqi Wu, Mijung Park, OO Koyejo, & JW Pillow
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27,
eds. Z. Ghahramani, M. Welling, C. Cortes, N. D. Lawrence,
and K. Q. Weinberger, 1628-1636. (2014).
In many problem settings, parameter vectors are not merely sparse, but dependent in such a way that non-zero coefficients tend to cluster together. We refer to this form of dependency as “region sparsity”. Classical sparse regression methods, such as the lasso and automatic relevance determination (ARD), model parameters as independent a priori, and therefore do not exploit such dependencies. Here we introduce a hierarchical model for smooth, region-sparse weight vectors and tensors in a linear regression setting. Our approach represents a hierarchical extension of the relevance determination framework, where we add a transformed Gaussian process to model the dependencies between the prior variances of regression weights. We combine this with a structured model of the prior variances of Fourier coefficients, which eliminates unnecessary high frequencies. The resulting prior encourages weights to be region-sparse in two different bases simultaneously. We develop efficient approximate inference methods and show substantial improvements over comparable methods (e.g., group lasso and smooth RVM) for both simulated and real datasets from brain imaging.


Kirk describes optimal control thus:
The objective of optimal control theory is to determine the control signals that will cause a process to satisfy the physical constraints and at the same time minimize (or maximize) some performance criterion.
He then requires three things for the formulation of an optimal control problem:
- A mathematical model of the process we wish to control;
- A statement of the constraints on the system & controls; and
- Specification of a performance criterion.
I’ll get into a discussion of these terms next post.


Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths
The Big Bang Fair West Midlands is an exciting, interactive engineering and science events taking place in June at the Ricoh Arena.
The Big Bang Fair about inspiring young people from all backgrounds to study science, technology, engineering and maths. The event will be host to many inspirational scientists and engineers who are there to enthuse the engineers and scientists of the future. There are careers workshops to visit and local companies on-hand to give insight into future careers, both nearby and beyond.
To attend The Big Bang West Midlands, click the button below to register.
For full event information, please click here , or if you have any questions, email firstname.lastname@example.org


In fact, this calculator can show you just how much inflation has affected the buying power of a specific amount of money. This calculator shows how inflation has affected consumer buying power over time. Results are based on the annual average CPI (Consumer Price Index), as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the years 1913 to 2020 Consumer Price Index Formula. The following formula is used to calculate the inflation of CPI over time. CPI = Ct / C0 * 100. Where CPI is the consumer price index. Ct is the cost of the market basket in the current period. C0 is the cost of the market basket in the base period CPI (Consumer Price Index ) Definition. This online CPI calculator makes it easy to calculate Consumer Price Index inflation changes over time.Simply enter in a start year, the dollar amount in the start year, and then the end year
Disclaimer: CPI Inflation Calculator is an independent calculator that is not affiliated with the BLS or the US Government. We extract the latest CPI values from the BLS website through a script and use it in our inflation rate calculations, charts and tables Similarly, the 'Financial Year' calculator uses an annual index, where the level of the annual index is the arithmetic average of the CPI in the last two quarters of the previous calendar year and the first two quarters of the current calendar year. The CPI was introduced in 1960 and compiled retrospectively Select SPI or CPI , then select Semester/Semester Completed and then your Department. Select coursewise Grade and hit Calculate Button. Courses having S/X are not calculated in CPI/SPI. Courses not done can be left empty and 'Add Course' can be used to add extra Courses.Adding Course name is not Mandatory. You can also estimate your CPI by. The inflation calculator is designed to calculate the percentage change in the CPI between two periods of time. The inflation calculator can also be used to update a sum of money. For example, if you had €1,000 in December 2013 the inflation calculator will tell you how much money you would require to purchase the same volume of consumer goods and services in a later period Our inflation calculator works for amounts between £1 and £1,000,000,000,000 (£1 trillion). For example, imagine you want to know what goods and services costing £23.60 in 1975 would have cost in 1985: The price index for 1975 = 134.8. The price index for 1985 = 373.2. The calculator increases the cost in 1975 by the change in prices.
CPM Calculator. Find the cost of your campaign Complete two fields and we will calculate the third one for you.. To calculate CPI, or Consumer Price Index, add together a sampling of product prices from a previous year. Then, add together the current prices of the same products. Divide the total of current prices by the old prices, then multiply the result by 100. Finally, to find the percent change in CPI, subtract 100 Whether you need to compute the cost performance index (CPI), the schedule performance index (SPI), the cost variance (CV) or schedule variance (SV) for your project, self-study or PMP exam preparation, you will find this calculator useful.. Simply fill in your actual cost, your planned value for a particular period or cumulative for the entire project Four steps to calculate consumer price index (CPI) CPI is constructed through four main steps. Step 01- A base year is selected for the calculation.The CPI of the base year is set as 100. Step 02 - Based on how a typical consumer spends his / her money on purchasing commodities, a basket of goods and services is defined for the base year Inflation Calculator About the Calculator. The Inflation Calculator uses monthly consumer price index (CPI) data from 1914 to the present to show changes in the cost of a fixed basket of consumer purchases. These include food, shelter, furniture, clothing, transportation, and recreation
Calculation examples for inflation-linked bonds Below are examples of calculations for inflation-linked bonds. The CPI is updated by Statistics Sweden once a month and is published in the middle of the following month. For example, the CPI for August is published in mid-September CPI Calculator (Consumer Price Index Calculator) CPI . 6 days ago . 53 people watched $29.99. The cpi calculator (consumer price index calculator) exactly as you see it above is 100% free for you to use; If you want to customize the colors, size, and more to better fit your site, then pricing starts at just $29.99 for a one time purchas The Inflation Calculator aims to give people a simple tool for calculating such figures for a selected amount of (New Zealand denominated) money for any two points in time between 1862 and the latest available figure. Only partial official CPI data exists between 1914 and 1925
A detailed explanation of the seasonal adjustment of the All Groups CPI and calculation of the trimmed mean and weighted median measures is available in Information Paper: Seasonal Adjustment of Consumer Price Indexes, 2011 (cat. no. 6401..55.003) . Home › Computing › Supercomputer. Posted by Dinesh on 27-09-2019T03:16. This calculator calculates the cycles per instruction using r-type instructions, load instructions, store instructions, branch instructions, jump instructions values
CPI Calculator (Cost Per Install) We have provided a useful CPI Calculator below to work out your CPI as well as derive the number of installs and cost you would need to get a specific CPI. Feel free to experiment with different scenarios in order to help you understand this pricing model better This calculator is designed to give related information to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). This inflation calculator is based on the average inflation index during the calendar year. This inflation calculator will compute inflation rates from and to any of the range of years provided. CPI represents changes in prices of all goods and services. This calculator allows you to see what the equivalent values are throughout the years. Note that the CPI (Consumer Price Index) didn't officially start until 1996, however you can go back as far as 1751 using old inflation data I stumbled upon. You only need to worry about the 'Assume a future yearly rate' if you're entering dates in the future CPI OData Calculator: REST Source (Groovy as Response Mapping) As we've discussed on the previous Blog, SAP® speaks OData (Mobile, FIORI, etc.), so my goal here again is to demonstrate how the OData conversion works on CPI, creating a simple Calculator (multiply operation) iFlow: Please go through the previous blog here . Power Mismatch Waveguide Coupler Noise Wavelength & Delay. × Book Event Meeting * *
Consumer Price Index (CPI), April 2021. 2021-05-12. The inflation rate according to the CPIF (Consumer Price Index with fixed interest rate) was 2.5 percent in April 2021, up from 1.9 percent in March. The increase in the inflation rate mainly comes from a dramatic drop in prices in the corresponding period a year ago The CPI Explained. The index, which ranks 180 countries and territories by their perceived levels of public sector corruption according to experts and businesspeople, uses a scale of zero to 100, where zero is highly corrupt and 100 is very clean. Like previous years, more than two-thirds of countries score below 50 on this year's CPI, with. EECC550 - Shaaban #3 Lec # 3 Winter 2011 12-6-2011 • For a specific program compiled to run on a specific machine (CPU) A, has the following parameters: - The total executed instruction count of the program. - The average number of cycles per instruction (average CPI). - Clock cycle of machine A • How can one measure the performance of this machine (CPU) runnin Calculate inflation rate 2021. This inflation calculator calculates the average inflation rate over an annual period and the price increase of your entered value. Entering the first and last year sets the relevant time period. The final amount is calculated based on the entered starting amount and the CPI in Germany
Free inflation calculator that runs on U.S. CPI data or a custom inflation rate. Also, find the historical U.S. inflation data, learn more about inflation, experiment with other financial calculators, or explore hundreds of calculators addressing other topics such as math, fitness, health, and many more Learn how this calculator works.The US Inflation Calculator uses the latest US government CPI data published on June 10, 2021 to adjust for inflation and calculate the cumulative inflation rate through May 2021. The U.S. Labor Department's Bureau of Labor Statistics will release the Consumer Price Index (CPI) with inflation data for June on July 13, 2021 Here you can calculate your percentage(%) from SPI/CPI/CGPA without any software. This is an updated calculator specially for the students of GTU(Gujarat Technological University), Ahmedabad Keep visiting for latest updates. Press Ctrl+D to bookmark this web-site and Like us for more updates. SPI : Semester Percentage Inde How to use the CPI and Rent Calculator. The pre-set display is for example only. When you click in a field, the pre-set will disappear. The calculator is for information only: no details will be stored. To calculate the Consumer Price Index (CPI) percentage change, enter the CPI figures for the start and end months
If you are renting a property for a year or more, the landlord likely will want an annual rent increase. This is to combat inflation, where every dollar paid is worth less as time goes on. One of the fairest ways to increase rent is to base it on the Consumer Price Index. CPI-linked increases are relatively common in commercial leases, so if you're leasing business premises, there's a fair. The calculator opposite gives a quick estimated value for your Index-linked Savings Certificates. The estimate is: based on the Retail Prices Index (RPI) figure and Consumer Prices Index (CPI) figure last updated on April 2021. only relevant if you cash in your Certificate in May 2021. only for Certificates within their current term The daily inflation calculator automatically polls the St. Louis Fed's FRED database (at midnight, EST) and downloads CPI-U, non inflation adjusted monthly. It saves it as XML on the DQYDJ servers. We apply some simple math to figure out the change in the value of money between two dates. Assuming you enter valid dates, first it finds the two. Raptr's Rotational Sensitivity Converter (CPI -> In/360) is the only reliable calculator that helps you convert your CPI or DPI to help you discern the rotational sensitivity value. It's a great calculator to use if you're looking to match the sensitivity of CS:GO and Osu! How To Use Raptr's Rotational Sensitivity Converter (CPI -> In/360 The CPI formula also doesn't address the rate at which wages rise or fall, so it doesn't tell you how the average worker's spending power has risen or fallen.The U.S. CPI is only valid for the United States. Different countries and currencies have different inflation rates, so you can't use CPI numbers from one country to study inflation in another jurisdiction
Die Online Rechner des BFS - Landesindex der Konsumentenpreis Inflation calculator and change of price between 2 dates United States, United States, US dollar, USD, Bureau of Labor Statistics, US CPI This page helps you to compute how prices change over time. This page displays the actual value of an amount in the past He has created a CPI basket that includes food, cloth, fuel and education and has considered 2010 as the base year. According to Dylan, average consumers in his state spend 30% of their total budget on food, 24% on cloth, 28% on fuel and 18% on education. Inflation Formula Calculator The inflation rate in the eurozone between 1991 and 2021 was 75.44%, which translates into a total increase of €75.44. This means that 100 euro in 1991 are equivalent to 175.44 euro in 2021. In other words, the purchasing power of €100 in 1991 equals €175.44 in 2021. The average annual inflation rate between these periods was 1.89% CPI Inflation Calculator. The Inflation Calculator enables users to compute inflation-adjusted prices for goods and services, as well as wages, using annual Consumer Price Index (CPI) data from 1960 to the present. To begin, please click on your desired category: Inflation-Adjusted Goods and Services Prices. Inflation-Adjusted Wages
InflationData.com's cumulative inflation calculator allows you to find the cumulative inflation between a beginning month-year and an ending month-year. Calculate the rate of inflation in percent between any two different dates since 1914. Useful for adjusting prices to the inflation rate Value of $1 from 1800 to 2021 $1 in 1800 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $21.19 today, an increase of $20.19 over 221 years. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 1.39% per year between 1800 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 2,019.48%.. This means that today's prices are 21.19 times higher than average prices since 1800, according to the Bureau of Labor.
Cost Performance Index (CPI) = EV / AC. = 40,000 / 60,000. = 0.67. Hence, the Cost Performance Index is 0.67. This means you are earning 0.67 USD for every 1 USD spent since the Cost Performance Index is less than one. This means you are over budget. You have studied variance (SV and CV) and indexes (SPI and CPI) The Bureau of Labor Statistics releases CPI data monthly, as well as the following historical indexes:. Consumer Price Index and Inflation Rates, 1913; Consumer Price Index and Inflation Rates (Estimate), 1800-You can also use the inflation calculator ap The calculator uses the average CPI for a calendar year or the most recent monthly CPI when the current year is compared. A few examples provide a walk-through of how the calculations are performed using the CPI. Example 1: Let's say you spent $20 to buy some goods or services today
Inflation Calculator Recession in Perspective Market-based Probabilities Banking 2021 - An estimate for 2021 is based on the change in the CPI from first quarter 2020 to first quarter 2021. To calculate the change in prices, use the formula from the example below The CPI Calculator is a downloadable Microsoft Excel spreadsheet used to estimate the usage and capacity of a CPI network. The calculator provides an overview on CPI devices including the CDM-A108, CDM-A116, CDM-VW300, CDM-VW305, and the CSAT3B Category: Prices > Consumer Price Indexes (CPI and PCE), 634 economic data series, FRED: Download, graph, and track economic data
See more of CPI Inflation Calculator on Facebook. Log In. or. Create New Account. See more of CPI Inflation Calculator on Facebook. Log In. Forgot account? or. Create New Account. Not Now. Related Pages. Gold 401k. Mining Company. WooTrader Inc. Internet Company. Beaches Enterprises. Consulting Agency. Best Damn Penny Stocks CPI Inflation Calculator. 555 likes. Free CPI Inflation Calculator to help you keep track of the value of the dollar over time Student have to enter SPI/CPI/CGPA and percentage will be calculated by using following formula. Same formula is used to calculate percentage from CPI or SPI or CGPA. Student may be required to find percentage to fill up the forms for scholarship (MYSY), Education loan etc. % = ( ( SPI \ CPI \ CGPA) - 0.5) * 10
Value of $1 from 2016 to 2021 $1 in 2016 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $1.11 today, an increase of $0.11 over 5 years. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 2.16% per year between 2016 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 11.27%.. This means that today's prices are 1.11 times higher than average prices since 2016, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. CPI Inflation Calculator. 550 likes · 1 talking about this. Free CPI Inflation Calculator to help you keep track of the value of the dollar over time This table shows the monthly All-Items Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) and annual inflation rates for New Brunswick in 2021. You can find upcoming CPI release dates on our schedule page. These numbers are released by Statistics Canada Note on Seasonal Factors. Following the publication of the ABS Information Paper Seasonal Adjustment of Consumer Price Indexes, 2011 the RBA will no longer be publishing seasonal factors on its website. Requests for seasonal factors should be directed to: firstname.lastname@example.org FHFA HPI Calculator. Select: Estimated Value for State: Estimated Value for MSA: When using the FHFA House Price Calculator, please note that it does not project the actual value of any particular house. Rather, it projects what a given house purchased at a point in the time would be worth today if it appreciated at the average appreciation.
Download Inflation Calculator CPI Value and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Quick and easy inflation calculator with support for 26 currencies. Determine how much something would have cost or been worth in the past. Find the values of previous prices in the present day November 18 2012 01:38 GMT. #10. DPI and CPI are exactly the same thing. 1000DPI/CPI means that if you move the mouse 1 inch your cursor will move 1000 pixels. The sens thing only applies to first person shooter engines, etc
Results for: cpi calculator. (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) are the two primary measures of inflation for South Africa. Both indicators are published on a monthly basis.The Consumer Price Index tracks the rate of change in the prices of goods and services purchased by consumers Intro content goes here CPI Calculator: Use our click through rate calculator below to determine your CTR. Simply enter the number of clicks and ad received, and the number of ad impressions it received, and our calculator will show you the click through rate. What is the CPI Formula? What does CPI actually mean? Why [
Inflation Calculator. The Consumer Price Index. or CPI Inflation Calculator is used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and uses the average Consumer Price Index for a given calendar year.. This data represents changes in prices of all goods and services purchased for consumption by urban households. This index value has been calculated every year since 1913 Calculator Use. Use this calculator to find the equivalent buying power over time for an amount in US dollars. Consumer Price Index (CPI) Inflation CalculationsConverting buying power from one year to another is done by a ratio calculation using the starting value and the CPI's for the years being compared Consumer Price Index (CPI) Calculator to Calculate the Effects of Inflation Over Time. This free online calculator will calculate what a past, present, or future sum of money was or will be worth at another point in time. The calculator's historical inflation calculations are based on the actual United States Consumer Price Index, which ranges. The inflation rate is the rate that the consumer price index (CPI) is increasing. It is listed as a percentage. As the price level of goods and services change over time, the CPI tracks the changes in prices
For my calculator, I update the CPI data only once a year (in January), when the data is more settled. (The government sometimes revises its monthly inflation data and makes seasonal adjustments.) When converting between other years, rounding errors during calculations may cause insignificant differences between the answers CpiCalculator Download Effective CPI (Cost Per App Install) Calculator. Find out how to find the real cost of an App Install. Deepak Abbot. Follow. May 23, 2014. This online mouse DPI calculator allows you to calculate the dots per inch new sensitivity for the given current sensitivity and DPI value. For example, if a mouse has 1600 DPI, then, if you move your mouse one inch (2.54 cm), the mouse cursor will move 1600 pixels. Feel free to try this DPI sensitivity calculator for quick and reliable results DA with effect from 1st January 2016. = [261.4]- (261.4)X100/261.4. =0%. Thereafter consumer prize index with Base 2001=100 was used to determine Dearness Allowance till July 2019. This calculation is given below. Consumer Price Index from July 2018 to June 2019 is as follows. Month. Actual AICPI-IW. Jul-2018


The Department offers high-quality mathematics with a view to producing good citizens, who would be efficient teachers and high-tech researchers. The student of this department are given special training in computer which aids them in advanced mathematical techniques using computer softwares. Students after completing their programs can opt for their PG degree or can pick up the course in Teacher Trainers in their field. Wide range of scopes are available as Mathematicians, Teachers, Analysts, etc.
The objective of this department is to provide an opportunity for the students to get the skills of Mathematics and Applied mathematics which suits to the industry and research fields. An insight into these areas helps to make them good professionals and analysts in the future.
The department hosts a good number of Books and related journals. The students are further empowered providing them with an opportunity to attend seminars, workshops, conferences and quiz competitions.
- B.Sc., Mathematics: A pass in 10+2 with mathematics as one of the core subject
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FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS
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Assistant Professor & Head
Dr.V. MEKALA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed., Ph.D.
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Mrs. N. VIDHYA M.Sc., M.Phil., (Ph.D)
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If you’ve recently finished a math degree and are wondering what to do next, don’t worry. There is still plenty of opportunity out there for those who have studied mathematics. From roles in the financial industry to teaching positions in higher education institutions, having a math degree can open doors into many different careers.
In this post, we will outline some of the best options available for those with a math degree so that you can make an informed decision about your future career path.
- Math degrees offer students a wide range of career opportunities including data analysis, software engineering, finance and banking, education, consulting and much more.
- A math degree equips graduates with analytical problem-solving skills which are highly valued in the job market.
- Math majors can expect to earn higher salaries than many other college graduates due to their specialized expertise in mathematics and quantitative analytics.
- Mathematics is an essential part of STEM (science, technology ,engineering and math) fields that drive innovation in the 21st century economy making it invaluable for employers seeking to recruit top talent .
- A math degree provides you with versatile skills that open up various choices after graduation from graduate school or professional positions such as lead mathematician or statistician at a research institution or government agency.
10 Jobs You Can Do With Math Degree
1. Math Teacher
A Math Teacher job is a great way to utilize the skills you obtain with your math degree. As a Math Teacher, you can play an important role in helping students understand key mathematical concepts and build strong problem-solving skills.
You will also have an opportunity to develop lesson plans and work collaboratively with other teachers. A passion for teaching and mathematics will ensure success as a Math Teacher, making this profession a great option for those who have obtained their math degree.
Math Teacher Job Responsibilities
- Design and implement lesson plans to teach math concepts to students of different ages.
- Assess student understanding of mathematical principles through quizzes, tests, and other assessments.
- Monitor student progress in order to adjust instruction accordingly and provide additional help when needed.
An actuary is a perfect career for those with a math degree. Actuaries use mathematical and statistical analysis to assess financial risk, develop pricing models for insurance policies, forecast future market trends, and provide advice to their clients. With this job comes the responsibility of ensuring that companies have the right measures in place to protect them from unforeseen events while still achieving their desired goals.
This profession requires strong analytical skills as well as an understanding of complex financial instruments. A math degree provides the foundation needed for success in this field; however, specialized training or certification is usually required as well.
Actuary Job Responsibilities
- Analyzing and interpreting complex mathematical data to predict potential risks or financial losses.
- Developing strategies for managing risk, maximizing profitability, and optimizing investment decisions.
- Applying mathematics and statistical methods to calculate premiums and reserves for insurance policies, as well as pensions, investments, taxes and other funds.
A mathematician is a professional whose job it is to solve complex problems and explore new mathematical theories. Mathematicians are often employed in research, teaching, and industry roles requiring the application of mathematical principles.
A math degree provides the necessary background for success in this profession by introducing students to relevant topics such as equations, calculus, probability theory and linear algebra. With a math degree you can pursue a career as a mathematician working on projects ranging from data analysis to financial modeling or game theory development.
Mathematician Job Responsibilities
- Analyze and interpret mathematical data to develop new theories or solve existing problems.
- Utilize advanced mathematical principles, such as calculus, to model physical phenomena or engineering problems.
- Develop algorithms and numerical methods for analyzing large sets of data and improve the accuracy of predictions/forecasts derived from quantitative models.
Statisticians use mathematics, computer science, and probability theory to analyze data. With a math degree, anyone interested in this field can become a statistician. This career involves collecting information on specific topics such as economics, population trends or health care. Statisticians are then responsible for interpreting the data and making predictions about future trends.
They must be able to effectively communicate their findings with other researchers and stakeholders including policymakers and leaders. As technology continues to evolve so does the need for statisticians who can make sense of large amounts of complex data quickly and accurately in order to make useful decisions about the world we live in today.
Statistician Job Responsibilities
- Develop mathematical models to analyze complex data sets and infer useful insights.
- Design experiments, surveys, and simulations to collect accurate information for statistical analysis.
- Establish policies, procedures, and protocols to ensure the accuracy of system-generated reports and generated statistics.
5. Algorithm Engineer
An Algorithm Engineer is a specialized type of software engineer who uses mathematics and computer science to develop algorithms. This job requires strong skills in data analysis, problem-solving, and programming. With a math degree, one can become an algorithm engineer and work on developing new mathematical models used for solving problems like optimizing supply chains or forecasting sales trends.
A good understanding of mathematics helps excel in this field as the basis of all algorithms are built upon mathematical principles. Additionally, having knowledge of how machines think also helps in constructing efficient algorithms that run quickly without errors.
Algorithm Engineer Job Responsibilities
- Develop algorithms and data models to optimize machine learning, artificial intelligence, and predictive analytics applications.
- Design efficient algorithms for solving various mathematical problems or optimizing existing processes.
- Analyze large sets of data to identify patterns and develop insights that can be used in decision-making processes.
6. Data scientist
Data Scientist is an exciting job for anyone with a Math degree. It involves analyzing massive data sets to uncover patterns, trends and insights about the market, customers and industry competitors. Data Scientists use mathematics and statistics to develop algorithms which can be used in predictive analytics, machine learning or artificial intelligence solutions.
With this job you will have the opportunity to work with big data technologies such as Hadoop or Spark while at the same time being able to apply your mathematical skillset.
Data scientist Job Responsibilities
- Analyze large datasets using advanced mathematical models to identify meaningful trends and patterns.
- Develop algorithms, predictive models and machine learning techniques to improve data-driven decision making.
- Construct visualizations of the analyzed data to present results in an easily understandable format.
7. Software engineer
Software engineers are responsible for developing, testing and maintaining software applications. With a math degree, you can become a Software engineer by demonstrating proficiency in algebra and calculus, which is essential to the development of complex algorithms needed to develop software programs.
You’ll also need knowledge of computer languages such as Java or C# so you can write code that will be run on a variety of devices from smartphones to mainframe computers. In addition, an understanding of data structures and problem-solving skills will help you succeed in this field.
Software engineer Job Responsibilities
- Develop mathematical algorithms and structures for software applications.
- Create simulations and models to evaluate software performance and optimize code behavior.
- Troubleshoot problems related to mathematical functions in existing or proposed software systems.
8. Financial Analyst
A Financial Analyst career is a great option for those with an aptitude in math. The job involves analyzing financial data, such as balance sheets and income statements, to assess the current and future performance of companies or investments. Having a degree in mathematics can be beneficial for this role due to its focus on quantitative reasoning and problem-solving.
In addition to interpreting complex financial information, analysts must also be able to make reliable projections based on their findings. With a solid foundation in mathematics and an understanding of finance principles, one can gain the skills needed to excel as a Financial Analyst.
Financial Analyst Job Responsibilities
- Analyzing financial data and developing models to identify trends and forecast future performance.
- Developing strategies for mitigating risks, optimizing investments and maximizing returns.
- Evaluating complex financial information using advanced mathematical formulas and statistical analysis techniques such as regression analysis, time-series forecasting, probability theory, etc.
9. Operations Research Analyst
Operations Research Analysts use mathematics, quantitative methods and data analysis to help organizations make better decisions. This job is suitable for someone with a math degree as it requires an in-depth understanding of advanced mathematical principles and good problem-solving skills.
Operations research analysts must be able to collect, analyze and interpret large sets of data, often working with teams across an organization to develop solutions that meet their needs. With the right combination of education and experience, operations research analysts can become invaluable members of any team or organization.
Operations Research Analyst Job Responsibilities
- Develop mathematical models to analyze and optimize operational systems for cost-effectiveness and efficiency.
- Utilize analytics programs, software, and tools to interpret data, develop results, and recommend solutions.
- Analyze large datasets from multiple sources to discover meaningful trends and insights that could be utilized to improve operations strategies or decisions.
An Economist is a professional who studies and interprets economic data relating to markets, industries, and governments. Economists analyze the effects of public policies on individuals, businesses, and society as a whole. Economists often use mathematical models to explain their findings through quantitative analysis.
A math degree provides the ideal foundation for Economics because it gives graduates knowledge in calculus, linear algebra, statistics and probability – all core components of economics-related fields. With an advanced understanding of math concepts such as optimization theory or econometrics gained from a math degree program can help prepare you for an economist job role where you can tackle real world economic questions with confidence.
Economist Job Responsibilities
- Analyze economic data using mathematical modeling techniques to identify trends and forecast future outcomes.
- Develop statistical models to evaluate the impact of governmental policies on the economy.
- Design and implement economic experiments to test theoretical models of how markets work and interact with each other.


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Units, Conversion & Calculation Blog | TIP: If the result of your conversion is 0, try increasing the "Decimals".
Copyright © 2012-2020 CheckYourMath.com. Quick conversion chart of meter/second to mph. For quick reference purposes, below is a conversion table that you can use to convert from cm/s to mph. Before using any of the provided tools or data you must check with a competent authority to validate its correctness. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results. inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, For a more accurate answer please select 'decimal' from the options above the result. Online calculator to convert centimeters per second to miles per hour (cm/s to mph) with formulas, examples, and tables. If you know your vehicle's weight and horsepower, this calculator can determine how you car will perform in a quarter mile "stretch". Conversion Table.
mph to Kilometers per second (Swap Units). 0.0223693629 mph in cm/s. meter/second to dekameter/day
One metre per second is roughly the speed of an average person walking. Our full terms & conditions can be found by clicking here. 1 mph = 0.447 04 m/s. Please help me spread the word by sharing this with friends or on your website/blog. Seconds per meterSeconds per yardMinutes per mileSeconds per mileMinutes per kmSeconds per kmSeconds per (100 meters)Seconds per (100 yards), Meters per secondInches per hourInches per minuteInches per secondFeet per hourFeet per minuteFeet per secondFurlongs per fortnightKilometers per hourKilometers per minuteKilometers per secondMiles per hourMiles per minuteMiles per secondKnot (nautical miles/h). ConvertUnits.com provides an online Please share. The symbol for miles per hour is mph.