The graph is going downward in figure 2. 1/ 8" npt female to 10- 32 unf male brass pipe adaptor/ adapter straight reducer/ reducing coupling male to female 4. Over the past 8 years world of books has seen the inventory grow from 1000 to over 1 million books in stock. 2, calc 2 book unf and its slope is negative: an increasing f ( calc 2 book unf t) has positive slope. Fuck me guys its not that bad lol. Unified coarse ( unc) or unified fine ( unf) series. Honors scholarships 4. Call the department atto obtain an appointment. By offering in- person review sessions right across from uf campus, creating video content and study guides specific to your professor and delivering this to you 24/ 7 through our facebook, iphone/ ipad and android apps; we’ ve developed the best way for college students to increase their understanding of course material and perform better on exams. He was always calc 2 book unf there for me in office hours and in class to answer & explain any questions. This application find find data for threads like: metric metric fine whitworth whitworth fine calc 2 book unf unc unf bsp trapezoidal thread.
Un thread calculator covers: - un and unr thread forms - standard series of unc, unf, unef, un- 4, un- 6, un- 8, un- 12, un- 16, un- 20, un- 28 and un- 32. A vial of blood calc 2 book unf costs 5, 331 coins. Priority registration - you' ll get the classes you want! Discussion based classes 9. Math 1005 is a four- credit statistics course that is designed to offer the same major subject and content areas as a traditional statistics course, but differs in that an emphasis is placed on application. , calculus 2, business calculus 2, portions of ab calculus, bc calculus, or ib hl 2 mathematics). I am thankful i chose franco. Com free shipping on qualified orders single variable calculus: early transcendentals, volume ii: stewart, james: : amazon. As the steps af and at get smaller, their ratio approaches - 1/ = - calc 2 book unf 114.
In the unified national series the ½ inch size has 13 threads per inch, but the american standard calc 2 book unf was 12 threads per inch. We want your experience with world of books to be enjoyable and problem free. Parametric equations intro: parametric equations, polar coordinates, and vector- valued functions second derivatives of parametric equations: parametric equations, polar coordinates, and vector- calc 2 book unf valued functions arc length: parametric curves: parametric equations, polar calc 2 book unf coordinates, and vector- valued functions vector- valued functions: parametric equations, polar coordinates, and vector- valued. There are two minors offered by the mathematics & statistics department. All students are encouraged to speak to the college of arts and science' s advising office located in building 51, room 2500 when calc 2 book unf changing their major, minor, or when they have other significant academic changes. Calculus 2 topics to calc 2 book unf which the student has been exposed in ap calculus ab are covered more quickly in mac 2512 than in mac 2312. Facilitation opportunities, and more! Standards british standard 1580 unified ( iso, inch) screw calc 2 book unf threads: parts 1 and; part. However, calc 2 book unf if you are looking for something more proof based, then spivak' s calculus is a pretty solid, yet challenging book to learn calculus for the first time.
Internships at the washington center 7. 25 for courses at or above the level of calculus i is required. All honors classes taught by professors 8. This calculator is intended to provide estimated net price information ( defined as estimated cost of attendance - including tuition and required fees, books and supplies, room and board ( meals), and other related expenses - minus estimated grant and scholarship aid) to current and prospective students and their families based on what similar students paid in a previous year. Imperial un: ( imperial unified national thread form) a standard that describes the shape of an internal or external thread using imperial inch dimensions. Calculus is designed for the typical two- or three- semester general calculus course, incorporating innovative features to enhance student learning. Jacksonville, fl 32224. This calculator is intended to provide estimated net price information ( defined as estimated cost of attendance — including tuition and required fees, books and supplies, room and board calc 2 book unf ( meals), and other related expenses calc 2 book unf — minus estimated grant and scholarship aid) to current and prospective students and their families based on what similar students paid calc 2 book unf in a previous year. Teach yourself calculus 2 calc 2 book unf - step- by- step quality lessons - learn fast by solving problems! Calc 2 has an even hardness. Not only that but calc 2 being harder than calc 3 calc 2 book unf is still an opinion thing.
This calculator calculates the profit/ loss of making unfinished potions. ( m) credit will be given for, at most, one of mac 2312, mac 2512 and mac 3473. That being said, you need to have ample past papers/ exam questions on hand. An overall gpa of at least 3. One- on- one advising 5. Find the cutting tool calc 2 book unf for calc 2 book unf your specific task andget instant cutting data recommendations. Program of study - mathematics minor program of study - statistics minor. Get your calculus 2 here today at the official university of north florida bookstore site. A vial of water costs 4 coins. Clean herb to unfinished potion [ edit source].
Calculus: early transcendental functions 7 th edition by ron larson & bruce edwards with webassign ( unfwhich can calc 2 book unf be accessed through canvas " modules" please review the resources on piazza before purchasing the book. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in three calc 2 book unf volumes. 0) or better in mac 1147, or sat math score of 670 calc 2 book unf or better, or act math score of 29 or better, or college- level math cpt score of 90 or better, and knowledge of trigonometry. I couldnt believe how easy calc ii was with franco. - tolerance classes of 1a, 2a and 3a for bolts and 1b, 2b and 3b for nuts - thread size from 0. Calculus 2 a quick overview the following video provides an outline of all the topics you would expect to see in a typical single- variable calculus 2 class ( i. $ 10 credit on future spirit or supply purchase with $ 25+ textbook order apple pay and paypal accepted delivery and/ or pick up options & store hours. Go to coroplus® toolguide this section covers threading formulas and definitions for how to calculate cutting speed, feed rate, or any other parameter for your thread turning, thread milling, or tapp. Ast: discovering astronomy 3 astl: discovering astronomy lab 1 ast3217: astrophysics i 4 ast3402: astrophysics ii 4 esc: discovering earth science 3 escl: discovering earth science lab 1 gly: physical geology 3 phy1020: discovering physics: calc 2 book unf how things work 3 phy1020l: discovering physics laboratory: how things work 1 phy1024: exploring majoring in physics 1 phy1028. World of books sells quality used products at competitive prices to over 2 million customers worldwide each year.
Mathematics and statistics majors and minors are strongly encouraged to speak to the department' s undergraduate program director as well. 2 days ago · they try to make it as intuitive as possible and cover most topics you would see in an ap calculus class. The difference is af = - 116, which agrees with - calc 2 book unf 1/ in line 1. Mac 2241 — life sciences calculus i — syllabus. 0) or better in mac 1114, or c ( 2. You will be rewarded for your efforts. Classes capped at 20 students, international travel with scholarship support, 6. Leibniz' s evolution on infinitesimals, and the product rule in particular, is described in on the attempts made by leibniz to justify his calculus by horvath: " from about 1680, the leibnizian calculus step by step becomes more developed, and more consolidated, and the variable feature of the infinitely small quantity comes into the foreground. Calculate machining power and torque for cutting tap applications.
The function llt is decreasing, and af is below zero. Roughly 3000 calc 2 book unf unf potions can be made an hour from clean herbs. Once accepted into the program, a student will work with a faculty member to select courses and to complete an honors project. He is very thorough in his test previews and is a very caring teacher. The algorithms used for this calculator are based on the " my" best interpretation of the ansi/ asme b1. Standard bolt product rangesiso metric calc 2 book unf 14 bsw threads 14 unc threads 15 unf threads 15 thread forms and fitsthread specifications 16 screw thread terminology 17 standard thread forms 17 thread calc 2 book unf fits 18 testing of bolts and nutsproof load test 19 2) wedge tensile test 19 3) proof load test for nuts 20 issue 99 page 3. $ \ endgroup$ – c squared 17 mins calc 2 book unf ago. The university provides honors students with several benefits including: 1. Here is a set of notes used by paul dawkins to teach his calculus ii course at lamar university.
Topics covered are integration techniques ( integration by parts, trig substitutions, partial fractions, improper integrals), applications ( arc length, surface area, center of mass and probability), parametric curves ( inclulding various applications), sequences, series ( integral test, comparison. Calculus, like any branch of math, requires tons of practice for calc 2 book unf reinforcement, which is why the humongous book of calculus problems made it to our number 2 spot. Freshman and calc 2 book unf sophomores calc 2 book unf with less than 60 hours of credits must meet with the first year advising officelocated in building 2, room 2120 at least once a year ( if not more) to plan their academic schedules. Flat- rate shipping, so one low price ships as much as you want in each order!


A lovely way to begin to introduce numbers, and for little one to begin number recognition and counting. This owl puzzle has ten pieces, each with a number on which is to be placed in the hole with the corresponding number of dots! Little ones will love placing the pieces, then as they begin to count and recognise numbers, they will love the challenge of placing them correctly!
This Jumini Woodland range has a range of great features including:
- FSC certified wood
- Sustainable, eco-friendly
- Gender-neutral colours
Suitable for age 1+.
Jumini is part of Inside Out Toys - a family run business with sustainability at its heart.


National Pi Day:
National Pi Day is annually celebrated on the 14th of March. It was also decided as the International Day of Mathematics by UNESCO’S fortieth General Conference on 19th November 2019. This day is to celebrate the mathematical constant pie. It has an approx. value of 3.14.
Related: Other National Days Celebrated on March 14th:
Why National Pi Day:
The first time Pie Day was observed in 1988 by Larry Shaw. He threw a large party at the San Francisco Exploratorium, where he worked as a physicist. This day was celebrated back then by staff and the public marching in circular paces and consuming pies!
On the 12th of March, 2019, the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution to recognize 14th March as National Pie Day. It was a non-binding resolution. Google commemorated this day in 2010 by creating a special doodle. In that doodle, the word Google laid on images of circles and pi symbol. Google always came up with creative ideas on this day. In 2018 google created a pie of Dominique Ansel, with a circumference of the pie divided by the diameter.
The entire month of March is celebrated as The Pi Month by mathematicians and others worldwide. This day has a special significance as when this day is written in the format month day year; it turns out to be 3 14 15. These are the starting digits of the constant Pi. On this day, at exactly 9:26:53, the date and time together represent the first 10 digits of pi!
Pi is a mathematical constant that has interesting properties. It is the value that we get when we divide the circumference of a circle by its diameter. The circle can be as big as the size of the Earth or as small as a molecule. But, whenever we divide that circle’s circumference with its radius, then the value is always constant, and this is the value assigned to the constant pi. Pie has a never-ending value, and for 4000 years or more, scientists try to find its constant value.
When written in fraction form, 3.14 or pi is 22/7. Thus, for this reason, the 22nd of July is celebrated as Pi Approximation Day. This value is, however, shows the correct value of Pi only till two decimal places. This discovery dates back to the times of Archimedes.
Some mathematics in modern time tries to replace Pi with tau. This is to get a relationship between the circumference and radius of the circle. To make this more famous, they even celebrate Tau Day. But, Pi is still winning over Tau or any other scientific constant.
Pie is not only used for studies but is sometimes also used as a pop culture icon. It has references everywhere from Star Trek to Simpsons. In Star Trek, when an alien entity took control over a computer, to calculate all the digits of Pi, Spock commanded as it was an impossible task. Apu claimed that he knew almost 40,000 digits of Pi. He proved it by stating the fact that the 40,000th digit of Pi is 1. Similarly, Pi is popular and has gained Interest of scientist and mathematics and people from arts background all around the world!
How Can We Observe National Pi Day:
This day is celebrated all around the world in many different interesting ways. Let’s look into them!
- People celebrate this day by eating or throwing pies at each other. This is done just because of the fact that pie and pi are homophones. Homophones in English means the words that mean different, but they sound the same!
- People discuss the significance of constant Pi.
- Some schools often hold a competition to see who can remember the maximum digits of Pi. The student who correctly says maximum digits after the decimal point in the smallest interval of time wins.
- You can host a pie-eating competition. It is definitely the funniest way to celebrate this day. But definitely, a good day to cheat your diet and consume tons of calories!
- Watch Life of Pi.
- Look for Pi at all the places. Observe the digits or the symbol on the streets at your schools, offices, etc.
- Embrace your nerdiness on this day. Wear a shirt with the symbol of Pi or rock some accessory that has Pi written on it!
- Eat food that starts with the letter pi. It can be pizza or pineapple, or any other item.
- Show some love and spread the awareness of this day on your social media handle. Put up posts with hashtags like #NationalPieDay and #PieDay.
Interesting Facts On National Pi Day:
Let’s look into some fun facts about Pie day!
- The Greek symbol π denotes pi as it is the first letter of the Greek word “περίμετρος,” this word means Perimeter.
- The exact value of Pi can never ever be calculated. So technically, we can never find the accurate value of the circumference or area of the circle.
- Rajeev Meena at VIT University, Vellore, India, created a record by narrating a maximum number of digits of Pi. On 21 March 2015, he created a record by narrating almost 70,000 decimal places of pi. Mr. Rajeev was blindfolded during this whole process, at it took him nearly 10 hours to complete his recital!
- Surprisingly, Pi has been a part of Egyptian mythology as well. The principle of Pi was used to construct the Pyramids of Ghiza! The perimeter of the base and the pyramid’s vertical height have the same relationship as the circumference and diameter of the circle. These pyramids are mesmerizing and one of the seven wonders of the world!
- Physicist Larry Shaw is known as the Prince of Pi!
- There are Math geeks literally everywhere. There even exists a language of Pi known as the Pi-lish language. In this dialect, each word has a number of alphabets corresponding to the digits of Pi. This language became so famous that software engineer Michael Keith wrote a book in this language. The book is called “Not A Wake.”
- The calculation of Pi is used as a stress test for computers!
- Ludolph Van Ceulen, a Dutch-German scientist, spent most of his life calculating the value of Pi. He found the value of Pi up to 36 places, which were later engraved in his tombstone.
- The value of Pie is infinite, but it does not possess the sequence 124356. The absence of these sequences in the first million digits of this number definitely makes it unique.
- Some mathematicians tend to believe that circle has an infinite number of corners rather than saying it has none! This is equivalent to infinite digits of constant Pi.
- Some famous scientists have a deep connection to Pi Day. Albert Einstein’s birthday is on the same day. Stephen Hawking died on the 15th of March in 2018.
History Of National Pi Day:
Pi is celebrated on this day, as the date format of 14th March is 3 14, which are Pi’s first digits. Various other days follow the celebration of this day like Pi Approximation Day or Tau Day. Pi is the most studied number in the history of mathematics. It is a number and constant that is still a mystery and a fascination with a lot of scientists and math geeks around the world! It is an irrational number and very vital for the study of mathematics, physics, and astronomy!


Mathematics is essential in all walks of life.
Whatever your final career choice, there is a high probability that there will be a requirement at some stage for an understanding of and the use of mathematics. As well as being an interesting and challenging subject in its own right, there are also strong links to other subjects such as Computer Science, Physics, Engineering and Economics.
At Bury Grammar School, we aim to develop an appreciation for the importance and functionality of mathematics, whilst also equipping pupils with the numerical skills to apply to both examinations and their futures. A successful and solid mathematical education which leaves pupils confident about mathematics is invaluable.


WHAT IS THE QUANTIZATION AD CONVERSION SYSTEM?
Up until now, it has not been possible to use the continuous measuring
method (used for trace measuring maps etc.) in two or three dimensional
digital measurement, owing to the fact that however high the dissolution
capacity of the sensor, there was no measuring system that could match it in
accuracy. Now with our revolutionary new system, we present a digital
measuring, system which can match the dissolution capacity of the sensor in
speed and precision, making it equal or better than an analogue system (used
in planimeter and map meter measurement). Using this system, measurement can
be carried out over one hundred times faster than by using an existing
system. Moreover measurement of the area and circumference of a circle,
using the continuous measuring method, can be performed so accurately that
the only error is that occurring in the tracing. Using an existing system
the circle would first have to be divided into a straight-sided shape of 8
to 12 or more unequal sides, and if this was measured several times a big
difference would be found in the results obtained from each measurement. The
Quantization AD Conversion System can carry out measurement so precisely
that the only error is that occurring in the tracing.
incorporates a digital coordinate measurement system, namely Q-AD conversion
system which we uniquely designed. While measuring the area and length of
curves, it constantly displays the X-Y coordinate value. Features fast
continuity reading of the coordinates of curves which has been deemed
impossible by the existing small computers, it is recommended the unit be
used as a table top total coordinate measuring device.
Figure consisting of linear lines, as Fig1.
Using the point mode, can be measured simply by indicating the end point of
the line. Measuring both the area and length with just one action.
Figure consisting of irregular curves, as Fig2.
Using the continuity mode and trace the circumference of the figure
clockwise measuring both the area and length with just one action.
Figure consisting of linear lines, irregular curves, and arc lines, as Fig3.
Using the "point mode", "continuity mode" and "arc mode". Measuring can be
Using the [HOLD] key. It can be measure "addition of plural figures" and
"measurement of doughnut".
It can be record up to 99 times the accumulated and average data of both the
area and length.
UNIT SELECTION FUNCTION
Using the [UNIT] key, selection can be made of either the metric unit (mm,cm,m,km)
or the imperial unit (in, ft, acre/yards mi).
SCALE SETTING FUNCTION
Using the [SCALE] key, it can be set separately horizontally and vertically.
CONVERTING THE COORDINATE AXIS FUNCTION
Using the [C,D,M] key and define two points on the X axis, inclination can
DATA TRANSFER FUNCTION
The KP-1000 has a function of optical transfer, the data relay by the
original interface (PIF) or original printer (PR1), to the computer.
X : ±6,000mm (12m) Y : 320mm
Minimum indicated unit
16 letters, 4 lines, LCD
Built in Nickel-Cadmium
Using an A/C Adapter (100, 120, 220, 240, V50/60 Hz.)
Operating time : About 25 hours Continuously.
Charge time : Approx 15 Hours.
450WX125LX55Hmm Weight :
1.7kgs (only instruments)
With Printer (A) or
Interface (B) & A/C adapter in original case


How many times has someone asked you, ‘is that result statistically significant?” As a researcher I’ve probably heard it 6,321 times +/- 30 with a p value of .02.
I’m arguing here for some humility and some qualitative thinking on testing. Here is the argument for some humility, perhaps and especially from those who consider themselves data analysts or quant jocks.
(This is courtesy of a behavioral scientist acquaintance, Kristian Sorensen)
Suppose you have a test idea and compare the mean response rate for your control and experimental groups. Let’s say it’s 20 subjects in each sample. You use an independent means t-test and your result is significant (t = 2.7, d.f. = 18, p = 0.01). [Note: Yes, you can have small samples and statistically significant results – this isn’t a debate point, it’s a matter of fact]
Mark each of the statements below as “true” or “false.”
- You have absolutely disproved the null hypothesis (that is, there is no difference between the population means).  true/false
- You have found the probability of the null hypothesis being true.  true/false
- You have absolutely proved your experimental hypothesis (that there is a difference between the population means).  true/false
- You can deduce the probability of the experimental hypothesis being true.  true/false
- You know, if you decide to reject the null hypothesis, the probability that you are making the wrong decision.  true/false
- You have a reliable experimental finding in the sense that if, hypothetically, the experiment were repeated a great number of times, you would obtain a significant result on 99% of occasions.  true/false
This quiz was done with 44 psychology students, 39 professors and lecturers of psychology and 30 statistics teachers. Every professor taught null-hypothesis testing and every student had successfully passed one or more statistics courses in which it was taught.
80% of the professors and teachers teaching statistics got at least one of the statements wrong.
Here is a way to accurately think about significance testing that benefits from being non-technical and humble, which fosters better conclusions and next steps using donor dollars.
Saying something is statistically significant is akin to saying there is some reason to believe the test idea works. The operational meaning is that we should repeat the test.
This does happen or at least did with test, re-test and rollout in the ol’ days of direct mail with the larger volume players.
One reason all this matters? Too many wannabe-behavioral scientists mistaking one experiment producing “statistically significant” results as proof of a universal law and established truth. Nonsense. People are messy and complicated; misinterpreting statistical significance and declaring victory suggests they aren’t.


Do you understand how to determine the odds of winning the lottery, including the California Lottery? vacuum erectile dysfunction pump could calculate each set involving odds for every single various lottery game an individual play. With all the assistance of a little hand held online car loan calculator or with typically the free calculator about your computer, you just multiply the particular numbers together and add one section process when “the order” of your own chosen numbers will be not necessary for a particular lottery activity.
What you “need to know” is definitely the variety of total balls that the being successful numbers are attracted from….. is that 59, 56, forty two, 49, or 39? If there is a secondary drawing for your individual extra ball, ltobet many of these as the “red ball” with Powerball or the Mega Millions’ “gold ball” a person need to realize the number of balls happen to be in this team as well. Are available 49 or 39?
It doesn’t matter if it is definitely the Florida, Kentkucky, Texas, PA or perhaps NJ Lottery. This strategy or method gives you typically the true odds. Fl Lottery is 6/53. New York Lotto is 6/59. Typically the Ohio Lottery, Ma Lottery, Wisconsin Lottery, and the Point out of Washington Lottery carry a 6/49 lottery numbers ratio. Illinois Lottery bears a 6/52.
As soon as you have this particular information correctly inside front of a person and your finance calculator in hand, an individual can start functioning the formulas. It is advisable to choose five normal balls and a single extra ball correctly matched to typically the winning drawn amounts to win typically the multi-million dollar goldmine that most people dream about being successful someday.
In the first example there are 56 balls in the initial group and 46 balls in typically the secondary group. In order to get the Jackpot an individual need to complement all these balls (5 + 1) exactly, but not necessarily necessarily in purchase. The California Lottery’s Super Lotto Additionally is 47/27. Typically the big drum is spinning together with the preliminary part of typically the drawing. You possess a 1/56 possiblity to match your quantity to this first ball.
With a single ball removed after the first range has been attracted, you now possess a 1/55 chance of matching another one of your amounts for the second golf ball drawn. With every single drawn number some sort of ball is eliminated lowering the range of remaining balls by an overall of 1.
The probabilities of you properly matching the phone number upon the third soccer ball to be attracted has become 1/54 by the count of balls remaining inside the drum. With the third ball taken out of the drum and sitting with the other two being successful numbers, your chances of correctly matching the fourth golf ball is reduced in order to 1/53.
As you can see every time a ball is released from the carol chances are reduced by one. You started out with a 1/56 chance, then using each new succeeding number it is usually reduced to 1/55, 1/54, 1/53, and with the sixth ball you include the odds involving 1/52 correctly corresponding this fifth winning number. This is definitely the first portion of the formula of how you can estimate your odds of earning the lottery, like the Florida Lotto.
Now take these types of five odds addressing the five winning numbers (1/56, 1/55, 1/54, 1/53, and 1/52). The “1” on top involving the fraction signifies your only chance to correctly match up the drawn range.
Now you get your calculator and multiply all top rated numbers (1x1x1x1x1) equal one (1). After that you multiply all the bottom numbers (56x55x54x53x52). Correctly entered and multiplied you discover the whole is 458, 377, 920. The brand-new fraction becomes 1/458, 377, 920. This kind of is a 458 million to one particular opportunity to win. When you were needed to pick the amounts as a way just just like they are driven, then these will be the odds against that you win this Pick 5/56 ball lottery game.
Fortunately or unfortunately, you are not needed to decide on the numbers inside the exact order they may be drawn. The 2nd step of typically the formula will decrease the odds, which allows you to match up these five earning numbers in any order. In this particular stage you will grow the number involving balls drawn — five (1x2x3x4x5). Together with calculator available an individual see that typically the total equals one hundred twenty.
To offer you the ideal to choose your five matching amounts in any purchase, you create these types of odds by splitting 120/417, 451, 320. You definitely need the calculator just for this one particular. 120/458, 377, 920 reduces your odds of winning this lotto to 1/3, 819, 816. These are over 3. five million to one odds against an individual of winning this Pick 5/56 golf ball lottery game.


A pair of mathematicians from Egypt has lost their 2012 article in the Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Society because they reused some of the material from a previous publication.
The article, with the Nabokovian title, “On Humbert matrix functions,” was written by A. Shehata and M. Abul-Dahab. According to the introduction:
Humbert function of scalar coefficients and variables is appeared in [1,2]. Special matrix functions appear in the literature related to statistics [3,4]. Recently, Laguerre, Hermite and Gegenbauer matrix polynomials have appeared in connection with the study of matrix differential equations [5–7]. The primary goal of this paper is to consider a new system of matrix functions, namely the Humbert matrix function.
Not quite so new after all. As the retraction notice explains:
The authors have plagiarized part of a paper that had already appeared in Afrika Mathematika, 2012, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13370-012-0083-9. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
The Afrika Mathematika paper, “On Humbert matrix functions and their properties,” was written by Shehata and Abul-Dahab, along with a third author from Egypt, Z. M. G. Kishka.


If it is an immediate annuity, the payments will begin immediately after your initial investment. If you have a deferred annuity, it will accumulate regular rates of interest.
Here at Cradle, our mission is simple; it's at the foundation of everything that we do. We want to make accountants' lives easier by leveraging technology to free up their time to focus on running the business.
How To Use The Pv Function In Excel
Here we have a data and we need to find the Present value of Annuity for the same. We have the amount of $100,000 is paid every month over a year at a rate of 6.5%. Fv – An investment’s future value at the end of all payment periods .
- However, in the example spreadsheet Excel will calculate the future value as of period 500 because that is technically not an infinite amount of time in the future.
- The Annuity Calculator on this page is based on the time-value-of-money or "finance theory" definition of annuity.
- This is the Future Value argument and this is the amount that the investment/annuity will be worth in the future.
- Note that nothing will change about how you enter the numbers.
You can find the PV of an ordinary annuity with any calculator that has an exponential function, even regular (non-financial) calculators. When calculating the PV of an annuity, keep in mind that you are discounting the annuity's value. Discounting cash flows, such as the $100-per-year annuity, factors in risk over time, inflation, and the inability to earn interest on money that you don't yet have. Since you do not have the yearly $100 annuity, or $300 in your hand today, you can't earn interest on it, giving it a discounted value today of $272.32.
Present Value Formula For Different Annuity Types
Calculating the present value of an annuity using Microsoft Excel is a fairly straightforward exercise, as long as you know a given annuity's interest rate, payment amount, and duration. But it's important to stipulate that calculating this value is only feasible when dealing with fixed annuities. The last present value formula available is also the most accurate. The XNPV function requires one more input when compared to NPV being the date of the future lease payment. The key input in this present value excel function is each payment is given a period. The first period is 0, which results in the present value amount of $1,000 given it’s not a future amount. On the other hand in period 1 the present value of 1,050 is $990.57.
For multiple payments, we assume periodic, fixed payments and a fixed interest rate. Alternatively, the function can also be used to calculate the present value of a single future value. The Excel Rate function calculates the required interest rate for an investment of constant periodic payments to have a specified future value. For a lump sum investment that will pay a certain amount in the future, define the future value . For an annuity spread out over a number of years, specify the periodic payment .
The topics we're about to cover are especially vital if you're going to calculate your lease liability in Microsoft Excel manually. Not to mention if you've opted with a lease accounting solution, you may want to recalculate your numbers for peace of mind. With lease accounting, how you present value your lease liability is no exception.
If you were to make a mistake and, say, enter the payment as a negative number, then you will get the wrong answer. retained earnings On the other hand, if you were to enter all three with the same sign, then you will get an error message.
You may be considering purchasing an annuity product and want to know how much your annuity would be worth at some point in the future based on what you can afford to pay into it each month. You can also use this online calculator to double-check your calculations for the PV of an ordinary annuity. Using the above formula to work PV problems takes a little time. You can use a financial calculator or a spreadsheet application to more efficiently calculate present values. Paying fixed rent each month represents another example of an annuity since it's a regular series of payments to your landlord. FV – In Excel, the PMT function will help to return the periodic payment for a loan. Fv is the future value, or a cash balance you want to attain after the last payment is made.
An annuity ladder is an investment strategy that entails the purchase of immediate annuities over a period of years to provide guaranteed income. For example, if an individual wished to receive $1,000 per month for the next 15 years, and the stated annuity rate was 4%, they can use Excel to determine the cost of setting up this offering. When you present value all future payments and add $1,000 tothe NPV amount, the total is $9,585.98 identical to the PV formula. Calculate the present value of lease payments AND amortization schedule using Excel.
It is believed that the funds will be invested in the market, and interest will be earned during that period. Finally, the annuity payment based on PV of an ordinary annuity is calculated based on PV of an ordinary annuity , effective interest rate , and some periods , as shown above. The present value of annuity can be defined as the current value of a series of future cash flows, given a specific discount rate, or rate of return.
Payment For Annuity
Let’s find out the interest rate on a home loan of $35000 that has to be paid over a period of 30 years with a monthly installment of $5000. The RATE function in Excel can be used to find the interest rate for discounting the future value of the investment in present value calculation. You make an investment of $5,000 each month for a period of 3 years at an interest rate of 6% per annum. Using Excel as a Time Value of Money Calculator, calculate the present value of your investment. It can help you in making Excel Finance decisions by incorporating the worth of money in relation to time.
Hi - I'm Dave Bruns, and I run Exceljet with my wife, Lisa. We create short videos, and clear examples of formulas, functions, pivot tables, conditional formatting, and charts.Read more.
In the examples above, we assumed that the first payment would be made at the end of the year, which is typical. However, what if you plan to make the first payment today? This changes the cash flow from from a regular annuity into an annuity due. Note that this only changes the timing of the cash flows; the functions and formulas that are used are the same.
How Do You Calculate Present Value In Excel?
You have 20 years of service left and you want that when you retire, you will get an annual payment of $10,000 till you die (i.e. for 25 years after retirement). We will check that will that be enough to meet the targets. An inflation-adjusted annuity payment, something you might want to consider for retirement withdrawals, would actually be termed an exponential gradient series in finance theory. The cash-flow diagram for the exponential gradient series is shown in Figure 2. In the second worksheet shown in the screenshot on the left, you can solve for the annuity payment, the initial principal, or the number of years to pay out. This same calculation cannot be made with variable annuities, due to the simple fact that their rates of return fluctuate, usually in tandem with a stock market index or a money market index. This makes variable annuities more difficult to value accurately, and leaves investors in the untenable position of having to blindly guess at future rates.
Number Of Periods Calculation
I repeat this often because it is a mistake that is very easy to make. https://online-accounting.net/ It allows you to guess what the final interest rate will be.
What Is The Annuity Due Formula?
The Annuity Calculator was designed for use as a retirement calculator, where withdrawals are made What is bookkeeping each year. A very basic fixed-annuity calculator assumes the withdrawals are constant for n years.
In the previous section we looked at the basic time value of money functions and how to use them to calculate present and future value of lump sums. In this section we will take a look at how to use Excel to calculate the present and future values of regular annuities and annuities due. For anyone working in finance or banking, the time value of money is one topic that you should be fluent in. Knowing exactly what it means to discount something or to get the future value of a particular investment vehicle is necessary to do the job. Excel can be an extremely useful tool for these calculations. It’s essential to understand the time value of money concept.
Each individual period is present valued and the total sum of those figures equals $9,585.98. A net present value includes both outflows and inflows of cash, while a present value only includes inflows or outflows. "I did not understand annuities at all, now I do. Thank you, I am getting ready for retirement." There may be a guaranteed minimum interest rate that you may receive when you purchase your annuity, which means your interest rate will never fall beneath that rate. Check your annuity contract or call the issuing firm to find out your annuity's liquidity options—it may have penalties for early withdrawal. Cam Merritt is a writer and editor specializing in business, personal finance and home design.
In the Nper box, enter the cell reference for the first period. Enter 0 for Pmt, and in the field for Fv enter the cell reference for the first cash payment amount. Select type as 0 (frankly, it doesn’t matter if you select 0 or 1 here because we are discounting via the period column). Once the formula dialogue box is completed, click ok for the formula to populate the first row in the Present Value column. Under the new leasing standard, ASC 842, lessees are required to establish a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for both operating and finance leases . Lessees perform a present value calculation of the future lease payments to determine the initial lease liability recorded on the balance sheet. The PMT function calculates the periodic payment against an investment or a loan at a constant interest rate for a specified period of time.
How To Calculate Only 40 Of 48 Hours In Excel
If you want to get that rate in a different time frame, you will need to perform additional calculations on the rate. Here, we will have a lump sum present value amount, $1,000, and want to get a certain amount in the future, $8,000, and we have 60 periods in which to do this. In this example, you can insert the monthly payments made ($5000), the present value of the loan ($35000), and the number of periods in the RATE function to get the interest rate. Since monthly payments are made monthly, it is necessary to convert the annual interest rate into a monthly rate. In other words, the difference is merely the interest earned in the last compounding period.
However, the reality is that the withdrawal amount will most likely need to increase each year due to inflation. Each of these questions is very easy to solve for using built-in Excel formulas, which I will explain in detail below. Or, you can just dive into the Annuity Calculator right now.
If you want to find out the payment for an annuity, you can use the below formula. Rate is the rate of discount over the length of one period. Type is the number 0 or 1 and indicates when payments are due. If type is omitted, it is assumed to be 0 which represents at the end of the period. If payments are due at the beginning of the period, type should be 1. Nper is the total number of payment periods in an annuity.
Before spending he plans to invest some portion of his salary every year. He plans to save $2500 at the beginning every year and wants to do calculate annuity in excel it for the next 10 years. The Annuity Calculator on this page is based on the time-value-of-money or "finance theory" definition of annuity.


Weekends at any time
Up to 30 minutes away for a flat fee
EducationSenior Music and Theater Tech double major, math history, and dance triple minor at Pacific Lutheran University
ExperienceFive years tutoring experience, CPR/First Aid Training, internship in Washington DC, multiple years of bookkeeping
HobbiesI love to make things. This includes music, crafts, photos, novels; I actually don't think I can fit it all in here. I also love to be outside.
American Sign Language, Algebra, Differential Equations, General Math, Geometry, SAT Math, English, English (ESL), English (Writing), SAT, Accounting, ADD, Computer Skills, Dyslexia, Finance, Finance/Accounting, History, Music, Organization, Social Studies, Study Skills, Study Skills/Organization
Inquire about this tutor
The tutor will respond if they are available/interested.


Math, along with reading and writing, is the foundation of an education. Arithmetic is obviously essential for getting along in every day life whether you're baking up your favorite cookies or shopping for an insurance policy. But the importance of math goes much deeper than that. Mathematics teaches thought patterns, logic, and mental discipline. Every high school graduate should have a thorough education through algebra and geometry at the very least.
MATH IS FOR EVERYBODY
We wholeheartedly believe in rigorous mathematical education for all students. What you'll find below are mostly games, tips, tricks, and positive methods we've used when teaching our own kids math skills.


Hello, I’m Alex!
Currently, I’m an undergraduate at Caltech (‘22) studying computer science and mathematics.
See here for my CV.
I’m interested in machine learning for social good; my goal is to design algorithms that are better aligned with human intent. I like working at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and applied math, especially on problems with immediate real-world consequences.
I’ve been fortunate to work on interesting projects with awesome people:
- Effects of reward mis-specification in RL with Jacob Steinhardt and Kush Bhatia.
- Compositional generalization of Transformers with Anima Anandkumar, Ryan Prenger, and Saad Godil.
- Adversarial training for RL agents that operate power networks with Yuanyuan Shi and Huan Zhang.
- Opinion formation on networks with Mason Porter, Franca Hoffmann, and Heather Zinn Brooks.
You can email me at aypan [AT] caltech [DOT] edu.


Discussion in 'General Chat' started by Seen, Oct 20, 2017.
Either 36 or 39
Helps if I read it properly
I must be missing something. It's not possible to know the value of the bottom right hand symbol ia because it only appears on thay line so it cant be possible to know what the final value is.
It it were the same symbol as the ones in the top the answet would be 165 as Winrew said
Are we allowed to "think aloud" yet - or shall we wait till later and let everyone else have a go?
like rc I'm going 38
Thanks to Rc and treath - I forgot all about bodmas
In which case all I can think of is 3 shapes is 15 therefore 2 shapes is 10 therefore the answer is 35
I was taking it as 11. The symbol on the top line is 15, presumably as there's a hexagon (6), a pentagon (5) and a square (4), so 15 sides altogether. On the bottom line it's missing the square, so 11.
Which would give 2 + 3 + (3x11) = 38. But Seen says that's wrong, so fuck knows then.
no, no and no!
Why the brackets?


The following will cover a possibility to create asteroids using PoVRay's isosurface facilities. To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with the basics how to setup a scene in PoVRay, as this tutorial will concentrate only on the generation of an asteroid-like object and not a whole scene.
An isosurface is a possibility to describe an objects surface topology by means of mathematical functions and is especially usefull if it comes to model irregular shapes with a high level of surface details. For a given function the surface will be created between all points in space bearing a certain value, called threshold.
If you would ask people how they imagine an asteroid, you`ll come to the conclusion that we have to model something which looks like a dusty potato covered with craters. To get this look we'll first need a basic shape we can work with. Later we will add more and more details.
As a potato is more or less topologically equivalent to a sphere we will start with a spherical function which we will call BASE_SHAPE.
This will give us a sphere located at the origin where the function value raises from -1 at the center to 0 at an radius of 1. If we set the threshold value of the isosurface to 0, this will give us a sphere with a radius of 1.
But as we want to make our asteroid look more elliptical we simply scale it a little bit anisotropic. We can achieve this by multiplying the three coordinate parameters of the function according to our needs.
To add some irregularity to our asteroid we use one of the internal functions provided by PoVRay. To do so, we need to include the "functions.inc" include file somewhere at the beginning of our file.
The function we will use is f_noise3d without scaling or something and surprise, ..., we have a nice potato like shape by just adding both function.
Now as we have a base to work with we want craters, ..., a lot of craters. This seems to be difficult ....
But after some evaluation of different patterns, we would find an appropriate one to work with. This pattern, crackle, is the result of more or less evenly distributed points in space linked by a versatile function. This function can be described through the keyword form. I won't go into detail here, instead interested readers may visit the documentation.
Never the less, a form parameter of <a,0,0> gives us a sponge like pattern. With rising a the holes in the sponge going to be smaller and smaller starting with 0 at the center of each point.
|from <1.0,0,0>||from <1.5,0,0>||from <2.0,0,0>|
As we don't want simple spherical holes in our asteroid we alter this pattern by means of a color_map. This kind of map associates a color with each value of the pattern. We know, that at the center of each crater the pattern bears a value of 0 and rises towards the outside. We will start with declaring a color of <1.0,1.0,1.0> where the center of the crater is and a color of <0.2,0.2,0.2> where the pattern reaches a value of 1. Normally a crater has a small rim, therefore we add the color <0.0,0.0,0.0> where the pattern reaches 0.75, and to avoid abrupt changes in colors we also add the keyword cubic_wave to our pigment.
But how do we use this pattern to alter our isosurface ?
Therefore we make use of a special kind of function which can be declared within SDL; a pigment function. This is more or less as wrapping a pigment with a function statement so that we can evaluate this pigment for each given point in space. We'll call this function CRATER_SHAPE_TEMPLT.
Pigment functions have the drawback that you can't assign additional parameters to it. And as we want craters of different sizes, we declare another function using our template function.
This declaration bears a fourth parameter, S, which we will use to scale down the pigment function to our needs. And as an side effect we turn the pigment function, which is a vector function, into a float function by means of the red-operator, giving us only the value of the red component at each evaluated point in space. The reason to do so is simply that we'll need float functions to describe our isosurface.
As we now have our function describing the craters, it is time to add this function to our basic shape.
The first factor gives us control about how deep the craters will be, while the fourth parameter in the function statement controls the overall size of the craters.
Hhmmm, ..., looks somekind of boring, ...
After adding some more layers of craters with different sizes and depths the result is much more convincing.
Beside of giving the shape more details, this technique also nicely reproduces the effect of erosion of huge craters by the impact of smaller asteroids.
Of cause an asteroid isn't just simply white, so we do have to do something with the texturing of our shape. We choose an irregular pattern, bozo, for the coloring, as it will give us a nicely appeal of areas with slightly lighter and darker regions.
... and after adding a little bit of turbulence to it, we get a nice slightly banded coloring.
But something still seems to be wrong. In space the lighting allways seems to be quite hard with deep shadows as there is now ambient light. Therefor we have to adjust the finish of our texture as the default values are not sufficient for us.
In addition we will add some more irregularity to the surface by specifying a normal pattern to simulate the fine structure without making our isosurface even more complex and therefor slower.
Equipped with the isosurface defining the shape and a texture defining the surface appearance, we are now ready to put everything together in hope to get a nice render of an asteroid.
A larger version of an asteroid rendered with the described technique can be found here.


Changes between Version 13 and Version 14 of GradeCalucations
- 2010-11-29T10:18:22-08:00 (6 years ago)
v13 v14 18 18 * The weight of a question is the number max points anyone can be rated for this question. 19 19 * For example, if someone rates their teammate with a LOM of Average, with a value of 0.50 for a question worth (weight) 8 points, that teammate would receive 4 out of 8 points for the question. 20 For each rubricquestion, a student will receive the average grade from all the answers by the group. 20 For each question, a student will receive the average grade from all the answers by the group. 21 21 * Question grade = Average = (Sum of all submitted grades for this question / number of group member who submitted) 22 22 The total mark for the evaluation is the sum of all the average marks for all the questions.


In this post, we shall discuss about the Time and Work. Lets start with some basic formulas.
Work = Strength X Time
=> Strength X Time = Work
=> (Strength X Time ) / Work = 1 🙂
So, For every Case
(Strenth X Time) / Work = 1 [ No matter the values]
So, (SxT)/W will be same for all the cases.
I mean st/w = ST/W
Keep this point in your mind.
Now lets see some more important formulas
If Days are Given :
If A can do some work in n days, then he can do 1/n work in One day
- If Work is Given :
If A can do 1/n work in One day, he can finish it in n days
If A is TWICE as good a work man as B, then
The ratio of work done by A and B = 2:1
The ratio of time taken by A and B to finish the work = 1:2 (Please Dont be confused)


Calculus and analytic geometry notes pdf
(PDF) Notes of Chapter 07 Calculus with Analytic Geometry | kiran naveed - impattayafood.comThis document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA. Home current Explore. Words: Pages: 2. Preview Full text. Solution manual of calculus with analytic geometry by sm yusuf pdf Click here to get file Notes of calculus with analytic geometry.
Exercise 4.5 part 1 - Calculas with Analytic Geometry by SM Yusuf
Notes of Calculus with Analytic Geometry
Algebraic Differential Geometric. The derivative, however, Eric W. The downloadable files.
Improper analygic Gaussian integral. New York: Dover. Leibniz believed in actual infinitesimals, but although this belief suited his metaphysics it had no sound basis in mathematics. Giordano11th ed.
Muhammad Amin, published by Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore-Pakistan is one of the books studied widely in Bachelor and undergraduate classes. Notes of chapter 1 is written by Prof. Muhammad Farooq, notes of chapter 5 is written by Abrar Mustafa and notes of chapter 6 and 7 are written by.
yog sadhna avam yog chikitsa rahasya pdf
Much more than documents.
Silvanus P. Calculus solutions manual 1 s. The analyic Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea gave several famous examples of such paradoxes. Limits were thought to provide a more rigorous foundation for calculus, and for this reason they became the standard approach during the twentieth century. It allows one to go from non-constant rates of change to the total change or vice versa, and many times in studying a problem we know one and are trying to find the other.
Based on the ideas of F. Bernhard Riemann used these ideas to give a precise definition of the integral. He used the results botes carry out what would now be called an integration of this function, where the formulae for the sums of integral squares and fourth powers allowed him to calculate the volume of a paraboloid? Geometgy Newton and Leibniz first published their results, there was great controversy over which mathematician and therefore which country deserved credit.
Chapter 19 - Partial Differentiation. Green's Theoremwhich gives the relationship between a line integral around a simple closed curve C and a double integral over the plane region D bounded by C, such as that of Bergson. By this means a great deal of mystici. For example:.


Since Feng Shui deals with equilibrium, discussing the Golden Ratio issues is not far away. One of the precepts governing Feng Shui is the Golden Ratio. This ratio is defined as 1.62 numerically. The figures of Fibonacci we understand today are also immediately related to the Golden Ratio. If you divide a certain term with the number before it in a Fibonacci sequence, you will find it approaches the Golden Ratio value.
Its proximity to the golden ratio can measure the beauty of artifacts. Object symmetry is the characteristic that mostly says whether or not a thing is lovely. Naturally, people enjoy the equilibrium of components, and the Golden Ratio must apply to the chi to flow.
The Golden Ratio’s History
In numerous works of art that the world has lauded as masterpieces, the Golden Ratio is expressed. Da Vinci’s genius resides in his works ‘ symmetry reflecting the Golden Ratio. The Vitruvian Man’s drawing is a classic illustration of a man who had the proportion of 1.62 throughout his body and was regarded a perfection image. The Golden Ratio is also used by famous places such as Egypt’s pyramids. Half the lower layer of Egypt’s pyramids is also a 1.62 factor.
The plant golden ratio
Even crops have separate Golden Ratio features. They set up a series of Fibonacci in the amount of leaves. Even a pineapple’s eyes are following this golden ratio. Many of the items that the naked eye views as lovely define the factor that in one manner or another possesses the Golden Ratio. The sequence of Fibonacci can be seen more or less in nature’s beauty. Even human DNA has Golden Ratio assimilative properties.
The golden ratio to the features of the human face
If your nose-to-chin ratio is more or less the same as the Golden Ratio as the horizontal space between your nose and one side of your cheek, you will find that the face is considered attractive. The more symmetric faces were the ones that had an effect in some experimental research by researchers, where they showed photos of females to children.
Applying the Office Space Golden Ratio
In your office room, applying the Golden Ratio for balancing and excellent Feng Shui is quite simple. Just make sure your office’s rectangular items obey the golden ratio of 1.62. To measure it on the dot, you don’t need a ruler. Just looking at comparative dimensions between objects that exercise the Golden Ratio is already going to be enough to give your office space a nice equilibrium and Feng Shui.
Applying the Your Home Golden Ratio.
The Golden Ration may be a little more difficult to apply at home than at your office. You may need to apply the ratio in your home to distinct furniture. Or, if possible, if your furnishings are round or not viable for the Golden Ratio, the actual room space must have at least the Golden Ratio in it.
If you already have the Golden Ratio in your home or office, good Feng Shui is actually feasible.


Four Year 10 girls – Mercy Akinyele, Amelia Busuttil, Clarissa Hui and Safiyah Patel – took a well-deserved first place in the annual Bury College Maths Challenge.
Competing against over 20 schools from the region, a BGS girls team and a BGS Boys team had to demonstrate their maths skills and problem-solving abilities in a series of fast-paced rounds, which included a maths relay race and a Countdown-style challenge.
The four girls, who were runaway winners, were presented with certificates and trophies, as well as each receiving a £20 Amazon voucher for their efforts. Well done girls!
The boys team consisted of Joe Atkinson, Ibrahim Gauhar, Daniel Robinson and Sami Khan.


The following post is by Jessica Stellato, Lower Elementary Lead in the Galaxy Room at MASS. This month, Jessica will profile various Montessori classroom materials, beginning with an overview of the qualities all Montessori materials share, and providing a detailed description of a specific material each week.
- Are Appealingly Designed: created using a wide range of beautiful materials and textures
- Are Ingenuous: teach more than one skill and have a built-in “control of error”
- Invite Activity: provide opportunities to look, listen, smell, touch, taste and move the body
Maria Montessori believed moving and learning were inseparable. Our children in Primary enter into the stage of “Inviting Discovery.” The 3-6 age group is the time period when the child learns through hands-on experiences that support active learning and discovery. As the child completes this stage of development, they move into the “Grow with the Child” stage. These lessons are more complex and the difficulty increases as the child advances.
For more information, please visit the American Montessori Society website.
Material of the week: Golden Beads
The Golden Beads are the heart of Montessori math. They are essential for teaching the decimal system to students. The Golden Beads give students a real, concrete experience of the decimal system, place value, and operations. They are found in our programs from Primary through Upper Elementary. Students in the Primary begin their lessons with counting, place value, and concrete operations (additon, subtraction, multiplication, and division). The students who have internalized the color dynamics of the math materials move on to more difficult abstract levels of math in the Elementary levels. Students at the Elementary level refine their math facts, dynamic operations, and apply their math concepts in real life opportunities.
The material consists of glass beads in various configurations: units are individual beads, ten units connected together with wire to create a ten bar, 10 ten bars wired together to create the hundred square, and 10 hundred squares carefully bound together to create the thousand cube. From a sensorial aspect, the weight difference shows the emergent learner how “different” 1000 feels from 1. The reaction from a child when he holds his first thousand cube is usually, “Wow!”


This was built for academic purposes. If you want a secure address, read this.
Generate Private Key
5. Base58 encoded data is easier to read and manage. The "double-arrows" indicate this is reversible.
Generate Public Key
6. Multiply the private key by the elliptic curve generator point to get the public key. The public key is a point on the elliptic curve and has x and y coordinates.
7. Use parity of y coordinate and full x coordinate to represent the public key.
8. Hash public key twice. This obfuscates the public key and shortens it.
11. After another base58 encoding, we have our public address :)


I have never been a math genius. Or even a math sub-genius. Or even a non-genius. In fact, I’m a bit of a Math Dunce. I need your help in solving a math problem.
Here’s what I need to figure out:
You have 30 words in each of three columns: A and B and C.
You can create sentences by choosing any word from column A and adding any word from B and any word from C.
Column A must follow column B must follow column C.
How many unique sentences can you create by picking one word from each column — all the words in all columns have been pre-vetted so there’s no chance of creating a sentence clinker — without repeating any sentences with identical words from each column?
When you have an answer, please post a comment and show your work to
help explain the logic of how you came to that conclusion!
Please also include any natural and unnatural laws you employed to help
you and any and all incantations invoked and magic spells you threw —
as well as the details of all the Voodoo that you do so well…
We’ll only pick a winner when a person not in your knowing
circle steps forward to confirm the answer is correct and then explains
the why of your math genius solution.
If you need more information in order to provide an answer, just
No name calling allowed. No taunting of the question allowed. No
mocking the simplicity of any obvious answers that are not obvious to
No comments extolling the virtues of your trained monkey who
solves math problems like this every day for bananas.
Then, for extra credit… if you used: AA+B+C… how many unique
sentences could you then create? And then what about AA+B+CC… and so
on… and so on… and so on… ?


Our outstanding quality can help you throughout so you may also manage in times of evaluation. This may expose them to a number of issues and allow them to prepare much better. The academic advancement you may discover Once you are going to receive mathematics homework assistance in the online supply, then you’re likely to see that the solutions will probably be exhibited within an extremely simple to grasp format. Employing the net to be an ally in the 21st century is the need for this hour, particularly for the pupils. Basically, among the very first mathematical building blocks is usually established in primary school in which you get to find out a few rules as a way to multiply and add. Students are already assigned using a great deal of things which they do not have the time to get a superior idea of the subject in a brief period of time. The Ugly Side of Mathematics Assignment Help Maths is undoubtedly a subject that’s comparatively hard to grasp. It’s among the most dreaded issues, but at the exact same time that it is one of the most fascinating ones too. It provides a wide selection of choices for those who qualify in mathematics. So far as research are involved, the students consider mathematics as the absolute most arguable discipline. The only purpose of teaching mathematics to the students would be to supply them with all the very clear calculative and analytical comprehension. In virtually every field it is required. Facts, Fiction and Mathematics Assignment Help sample lab report
If you’re facing any such issues, then it’s essential that you be conscious of 6 details which would aid with your chemical technology mission. Our main focus isn’t to feed students with the remedy to score passing marks. Therefore, for that, you wish to satisfy the holes together with the profound wisdom and knowledge of the concepts you come forth in the center school. Frequently, parents are likewise not good with mathematics, which leaves students without a possibility of enhancing their very own mathematical equations. It’s the branch of math that is taught in both the elementary classes along with in the greater education degrees. Because of our on-line portal, we’ve managed to function academic students from several corners of earth.
The significance of learning in a field like Mathematics can’t be clarified because it’s researched in various manners. Pursuing high schooling in the specialty is not what you could select for without thinking seriously. Writing dissertation could be a tough job to complete for many students due to their lack of comprehension on the best way to compose a appropriate dissertation. The chief goal of Live Internet Tutors would be to supply absolute and total satisfaction to the clients. Chemical technology is an academic discipline that may be best explained by means of a specialist. Dream it’s one of the very best math assignment help online service supplier in throughout the world. Our on-line payment facility is very secure and simple to access. Therefore, if you’re trying to find a expert math assignment aid provider, then you’re in the very best location. The best technique is to hire our on-line math expert help services where you’ll discover a expert working on your own paper. Things You Should Know About Mathematics Assignment Help So it is going to become hard for them to tackle lengthy assignments and multiple coursework. When you require https://www.opencolleges.edu.au/careers/blog/5-handy-tips-to-improve-your-writing-skills
the best quality mathematics assignments, Assignment Expert is here to assist you. Our maths assignment specialists in UK are always ready to accommodate if you’re dissatisfied with the assignment you get from us. Pupils who require excellent math assignments ought to be helped in student-friendly prices so they could continue to maintain our orders together. Assignments are more easy to complete with breaks When working with a chemical engineering assignment, it is vital that you take breaks between. Therefore, in the event you require help with maths assignment in UK, our experts can help you to finish your assignment at time. When there’s some kind of errors at the mission, it’s rectified immediately. Our experts will even teach a fast trick to address complex mathematical issues. The intention of the subject is going to be to establish spatial relations using axioms or the vital qualities. There’s a great deal more to the area of math.
12 febrero, 2019 - 6:02 am


In Fourier Transform, any signal can be represented by a sum of sinusoids (your basis functions) multiplied by coefficients. This concept of representing a signal with basis functions and proper coefficients is similar to PCA. In this case we will be doing it for images.
First I choose an image:
and convert it to grayscale:
Then we cut up the image into 10 x 10 blocks and reshape this block into a 1-D array. We do this for the rest of the image and we'll have an n x p matrix where n is the number of 10 x 10 blocks and p is the number of elements per block (100 in this case). Next we apply PCA using the "pca" function in scilab.
The "pca" function gives 3 output - the eigenvalues, the eigenvectors, and the coefficients. The image can be reconstructed from these and its quality depends on the number of eigenvectors used (i.e. the amount of compression).
And the reconstructions are:
We can see that using only a few basis to reconstruct will result in a very poor and lossy quality of the image. The images using only 1, 2 and 4 eigenvectors look blocky and the high frequency features such as the faces are missing or blurred. As we increase the number of eigenvectors used, the quality becomes better and better and the minute features are showing up. At 10 eigenvectors the faces are quite recognizable and the image begins to look "ok". At 48 out of 100 eigenvectors the reconstructed image is decent and losses are not noticeable. Using all the eigenvectors, we get the same as the grayscale image. Also I should mention that when I used imwrite to save the images, the file size increases as i use more eigenvectors which is intuitive, however the file sizes are even bigger than the original image. And when all the the eigenvectors are used, the file size is the same as that of the original image.
What we did here was to use PCA on a grayscale image. True color images consists of 3 planes (RGB) and we tried applying PCA on each of the individual planes, and then adding them up in the end:
Lastly I would like to acknowledge Dr Soriano, Arvin Mabilangan, Joseph Bunao, Andy Polinar, Brian Aganggan and BA Racoma for the helpful and insightful discussions. :D
1. M. Soriano, "Image Compression"


Casio fx-991ES Plus is a non-programmable scientific calculator with 417 functions. This calculator comes with dual power: Battery and Solar for long usage without need of battery replacement.
Calculator has dot-matrix display with Natural Textbook Display feature for easy viewing and entering of long algebraic functions and equations. Calculator can perform Trigonometrical, Statistical, Integral, Differential, Permutation, Combination, Matrices, Vector calculations, and many more. Its keys are made of plastic for easy and fast usage. A suitable calculator for Engineering, Polytechnic, University and College students.


I asked my students to graph y = x² + 1 and they responded with the graph:
I asked my students to find the zeros of
y = x² + 1
and they responded:
x² + 1 = 0 is x² - i² = 0
(x + i)(x - i) = 0 so
x = -i or x = i
since we talked about complex number arithmetic before this question.
In this solution x is not a real number!
In fact, they made x a complex number w = a + b i with a = 0 , b = 1 and i² = -1.
When my students used complex number arithmetic to solve this question, I was pleased that they had learned their complex number material well. Good for them!!
But they extended the domain of y = x² + 1 from all real numbers to all real numbers and two complex numbers. We notice that the union of this set of two imaginary numbers with the real number domain does not change the range by including complex numbers with non zero imaginary parts. The range is the union of the set containing zero with all real numbers greater than or equal to 1. The range is a real number set.
I looked forward to the next class and finding students who did or would wonder "Why not have a y output that could be a complex number for different complex number x selections?"
What can happen to the domain of y = x² + 1 and how does that change the range of y = x² + 1 ?
Let z and w be complex number variables for the function z = w² + 1 and x and y be real number variables for the function y = x² + 1 then we just covered some of y = w² + 1 above.
Consider different number set possibilities: (click on the box)
|REAL NUMBERS x||COMPLEX NUMBERS w|
|REAL NUMBERS y||A. NO ZEROS||B. SOME ZEROS|
|COMPLEX NUMBERS z||C. NO POINTS||D. WHY NOT?|
"What are the zeros of y = x² + 1?"
you can say they are: x = -i or x = i if you let x be a complex number.
Then consider if these two zeros are to be included in the domain of y.
If the result of this consideration is yes, then you may wish to click on B in the table above.
Home Page URL http://mth.bz


Wilson gives us a history of the four-color problem and its solution. At the opening, he states the problem very simply: Can every map be colored with at most four colors in such a way that neighboring countries are colored differently?
In itself, it's not a really important question -- it's not as if mapmakers are required to limit themselves to the fewest possible colors -- but it did lead to new ideas that had important implications in other areas of mathematics. The field known as graph theory, in fact, developed almost entirely out of ideas generated in the search for a solution to the four-color problem.
The problem appears to have first been posed by Augustus De Morgan, a British mathematics professor, in 1852, and it would not be solved until 1977, when the team of Kenneth Appel, Wolfgang Haken, and John Koch would publish their proof.
That proof itself turned out to be controversial in its own right. It was, in essence, a more complicated version of the following 3-line mini-proof:
1. Every map has either feature A or feature B (a map may have both, but every map has at least one.)
2. Four colors suffice to color any map with feature A.
3. Four colors suffice to color any map with feature B.
Obviously, if you can prove all three of those statements, you've solved the problem, and this was the approach taken by Appel, Haken, and Koch. The big difference is that instead of "feature A or feature B," their unavoidable set of configurations contained almost 1500 different features, and a "four colors suffice" proof was required for each one.
To generate that many proofs took nearly 1200 hours of computer time, and the resulting overall proof was a four-foot stack of computer paper; it was impossible for any mathematician to thoroughly check all of those subproofs. This raised the question of whether a computer-generated proof could even be called a proof, and even if it could, some were unsatisfied by it on aesthetic grounds. Daniel Cohen, another mathematician who had worked on the problem, argued that "the real thrill of mathematics is to show that as a feat of pure reasoning in can be understood why four colors suffice. Admitting the computer shenanigans of Appel and Haken to the ranks of mathematics would only leave us intellectually unfulfilled."
A somewhat simpler proof would eventually be produced by another team of mathematicians, with an unavoidable set of only 633 configurations to be proven as opposed to the original proof's 1,482, but the approach was the same, and the new proof was still computer generated.
There were a lot of false steps and failed attempts in the 125 years between the initial statement of the problem and its solution, and Wilson's history is an entertaining one. It is not for the mathematical novice, as the theory does occasionally get a bit dense. I found that I could almost always skim through the worst of it, though, and at the end of the section, I would at least understand what had just been proven and why it was important, even if I didn't quite follow all the details of how it had been proven.


2021, issue 2, p. 13-24
Received 09.06.2021; Revised 19.06.2021; Accepted 24.06.2021
Published 30.06.2021; First Online 01.07.2021
Previous | Full text (in Ukrainian) | Next
Convex Polygonal Hull for a Pair of Irregular Objects
V.M. Dubynskyi 1, O.V. Pankratov 1 , T.E. Romanova 1 * , B.S. Lysenko 2, R.V. Kayafyuk 2, O.O. Zhmud 3
1 A.M. Pidgorny Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems of the NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv
2 Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Ukraine
3 V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Introduction. Optimization placement problems are NP-hard. In most cases related to cutting and packing problems, heuristic approaches are used. The development of analytical methods for mathematical modeling of the problems is of paramount important for expanding the class of placement problems that can be solved optimally using state of the art NLP-solvers.
The problem of placing two irregular two-dimensional objects in a convex polygonal region of the minimum size, which is a convex polygonal hull of the minimum area or perimeter, is considered. Continuous rotations and translations of non-overlapping objects are allowed.
To solve the problem of optimal compaction of a pair of objects, two algorithms are proposed. The first is a sequentially search for local extrema on all feasible subdomains using a solution tree. The second algorithm searches for a locally optimal extremum on a single subdomain using a "good" feasible starting point.
Purpose of the paper. Show how to construct a minimal convex polygonal hull for two continuously moving irregular objects bounded by circular arcs and line segments.
Results. A mathematical model is constructed in the form of a nonlinear programming problem using the phi-function technique. Two algorithms are proposed for solving the problem of placing a pair of objects in order to minimize the area and perimeter of the enclosing polygonal area. The results of computational experiments are presented.
Conclusions. The construction of a minimal convex polygonal hull for a pair of two-dimensional objects having an arbitrary spatial shape and allowing continuous rotations and translations makes it possible to speed up the process of finding feasible solutions for the problem of placing a large number of objects with complex geometry.
Keywords: convex polygonal hull, irregular objects, phi-function technique, nonlinear optimization.
Cite as: Dubynskyi V.M., Pankratov O.V., Romanova T.E., Lysenko B.S., Kayafyuk R.V., Zhmud O.O. Convex Polygonal Hull for a Pair of Irregular Objects. Cybernetics and Computer Technologies. 2021. 2. P. 13–24. (in Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.34229/2707-451X.21.2.2
1. Preparata F.P., Shamos M.I. Computational Geometry: An Introduction. Springer. 1985. 400 p. doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1098-6
2. Avis D., Bremner D., Seidel R. How good are convex hull algorithms? Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications. 1997. 7 (5–6). P. 265–301. doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7721(96)00023-5
3. Cormen T.H., Leiserson C.E., Ronald L. Rivest R.L., Stein C. Introduction to Algorithms, Second Edition. Section 33.3: Finding the convex hull. MIT Press and McGraw-Hill. 2001. P. 947–957. ISBN 0-262-03293-7.
4. De Berg M., Cheong O., Van Kreveld M., Overmars M. Computational Geometry Algorithms and Applications. Berlin: Springer. 2008. P. 2–14. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77974-2
5. Scheithauer G. Introduction to Cutting and Packing Optimization. Problems, Modeling Approaches. Solution Methods. Springer. 2018. 410 p. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64403-5
6. Alt H., de Berg M., Knauer C. Approximating Minimum-Area Rectangular and Convex Containers for Packing Convex Polygons. In: Bansal N., Finocchi I. (eds) Algorithms. ESA 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2015. 9294. P. 25–34. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48350-3_3
7. Yagiura M., Umetani S., Imahori S. Cutting and Packing Problems ‑ From the Perspective of Combinatorial Optimization. Springer. 2021. 300 p. ISBN 978-4-431-55291-8
8. Tang K., Wang C.C.L., Chen D.Z. Minimum area convex packing of two convex polygons. International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications. 2006. 16 (1). P. 41–74. doi.org/10.1142/S0218195906001926
9. Kallrath J. Cutting Circles and Polygons from Area-Minimizing Rectangles. Journal of Global Optimization. 2009. 43. P. 299–328. doi.org/10.1007/s10898-007-9274-6
10. Ahn H.K., Cheong O. Aligning Two Convex Figures to Minimize Area or Perimeter. Algorithmica. 2012. 62. P. 464–479. doi.org/10.1007/s00453-010-9466-1
11. Park D., Bae S.W., Alt H., Ahn H.K. Bundling three convex polygons to minimize area or perimeter. Computational Geometry. 2016. 51. P. 1–14. doi.org/10.1016/j.comgeo.2015.10.003
12. Kallrath J., Frey M.M. Packing Circles into Perimeter-Minimizing Convex Hulls. Journal of Global Optimization. 2019. 73 (4). P. 723–759. doi.org/10.1007/s10898-018-0724-0
13. Kallrath J., Frey M.M. Minimal surface convex hulls of spheres. Vietnam J. Math. 2018. 46. P. 883–913. doi.org/10.1007/s10013-018-0317-8
14. Chernov N., Stoyan Yu, Romanova T. Mathematical model and efficient algorithms for object packing problem. Computational Geometry. 2010. 43 (5). P. 535–553. doi.org/10.1016/j.comgeo.2009.12.003
15. Stoyan Y., Pankratov A., Romanova T. Placement Problems for Irregular Objects: Mathematical Modeling, Optimization and Applications. In: Butenko S., Pardalos P., Shylo V. (eds) Optimization Methods and Applications. Springer Optimization and Its Applications. 2017. 130. P. 521–559. Springer, Cham. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68640-0_25
16. Chernov N., Stoyan Y., Romanova T., Pankratov A. Phi-functions for 2D objects formed by line segments and circular arcs. Advances in Operations Research. 2012. doi.org/10.1155/2012/346358
17. Stoyan Yu., Pankratov A., Romanova T. Cutting and Packing problems for irregular objects with continuous rotations: mathematical modeling and nonlinear optimization. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 2016. 67 (5). P. 786–800. doi.org/10.1057/jors.2015.94
18. Wächter A., Biegler L.T. On the implementation of an interior-point filter line-search algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming. Mathematical Programming. 2006. 106 (1). P. 25–57. doi.org/10.1007/s10107-004-0559-y
ISSN 2707-451X (Online)
ISSN 2707-4501 (Print)
Previous | Full text (in Ukrainian) | Next


Riddle Me This!
back to Bruce Hurley's Home Page
Think you're good at riddles? What about math? Below are some enigmas of my own design and a couple variations on classic puzzles. I start off with a couple of simple ones and progressively raise the bar.
Answer all five riddles/puzzles OR the bonus problem correctly and I will donate $200 to your favorite top-rated charity. Answer them all correctly and I will donate $500 in your name.
No, the last two where I provide a solution don't count.
BRUCE HURLEY'S "FOUR COINS" PUZZLE = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
I don't know if this one's difficult or simple, but it came to me when I was fiddling with some coins while I was on hold.
You have four identical coins and a flat surface--nothing else. Without just "eyeballing" it, how can you arrange three of the coins so that they form a perfectly straight line?
You can't use the edge of the table and the coins have to lie flat.
BRUCE HURLEY'S "BROTHER'S AGE" RIDDLE = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Yesterday, Bill was exactly one year older than his youngest brother. Today, he is exactly three years older than his youngest brother. How is this possible?
Also, how old is Bill exactly?
Click on the icon at right for a hint.
BRUCE HURLEY'S "ATHEIST AUTHOR" RIDDLE = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
A publisher contracts with an author to write a book about religion. As an atheist, the author's values prohibit him from capitalizing the word "God," but his publishers insist that he do just that.
After some thought, he figures out a way to do what his publishers ask without compromising his principles. When the book is written, it appears as normal as any other book on religion (i.e. not in ALL CAPS or in another language, etc.), and the actual word in question appears hundreds of times. Yet the author and his publishers are both happy.
How does he do it?
BRUCE HURLEY'S "YELLOW AND GREEN" RIDDLE = = = = = = = = = = = =
After visiting with friends in St. Louis, I was driving to Colorado in the middle of the day. I was surrounded by a crop on both sides of the road.
When I looked to my right, I saw almost nothing but yellow. When I looked to my left, almost nothing but green. And yet, just a single crop was being grown.
How can that be?
Hint: The crop had been planted all at the same time and received all the same treatment.
GAME SHOW RIDDLE = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
This confounding riddle is a more palatable variation of a conundrum posed by one of my heroes, mathematician Martin Gardner, in 1959. Gardner is one of the great minds of our times.
You are a contestant on a game show. The game is very simple. There are three doors: door #1, door #2, and door #3. Behind one door is a million dollars. The other two doors contain worthless joke prizes. All you have to do is pick which door you want to open, and you get whatever is behind it. But you only get to open one door. By simple math, then, you obviously have a 1 in 3 chance of picking the correct door and becoming an instant millionaire.
You pick a door. As soon as you tell the game show host what door you want to open, he stops and says, "Okay, you've made your choice. Now, I'm going to do what we always do here on this game. I'm going to open one of the other two doors for you that I know has a booby prize." And he does so.
Then he asks, "Okay, now, would you like to stay with your original guess, or would you like to switch to the other door that's still closed?You only get one shot, so do you want to stay with your original choice, or switch?"
Is there any compelling reason to switch doors if you want to win the million dollars?
Explain your answer mathematically (no formulas required).
To be clear, there is no trickery, and the host is not cheating. Furthermore, the money has not moved, will not be moved, and if you open the right door, you win the cash. Money is either behind the door you first picked, or behind the remaining unopened door.
BRUCE HURLEY'S "ROCK BAND PROBLEM" = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Below is an algebraic problem I designed for a young friend of mine who had to pay a dear price for her failure to accomplish a certain goal. For anyone solving this problem, I will donate $200 in your name to the top-rated charity of your choice.
A group of students are trying to pick which of two Christian bands should play at regional dance they've organized. They're going to have a vote to decide the issue. The two bands are Prayer Jam and Fish.
To help the students decide which band to vote for, they had a mini-concert in which each band played three songs. After the concert was over, some people decided to change their preferences.
One-third of those who initially liked Prayer Jam decided to support Fish. And one-fourth of those who originally liked Fish now would vote for Prayer Jam.
When the votes were counted, everybody was surprised. It was a tie!
There are fewer than 250 students in total, and the ratio of male to female voters was 7:6.
How many students voted in the band decision?
Provide proof of how you solved it.
Extra Credit: If the election had taken place before the mini-concert, which band would have won and by how many votes?
- This page about relative prime numbers may be of some help, although I can't promise anything.
- This problem is really more about ratios than algebra.
The Extra Man Riddle= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
(as spread around the Web)
What happens to the extra man? CLICK HERE to find out.
AGE BY CHOCOLATE = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Your Age By Chocolate
(as spread around the Web)
- First of all, pick the number of times a week that you would like to have chocolate (more than once but less than 10).
- Multiply this number by 2 (Just to be bold).
- Add 5 (for Sunday).
- Multiply it by 50.
- If you have already had your birthday this year add 1754....If you haven't, add 1753.
- Now subtract the four digit year that you were born.
You should have a three-digit number. The first digit of this was your original number (i.e., how many times you want to have chocolate each week). The next two numbers are:
THIS IS THE ONLY YEAR (2004) IT WILL EVER WORK, SO SPREAD IT AROUND WHILE IT LASTS.
The Explanation You Really
Don't Want To Read
If you think mathematical riddles like this are amazing and magical, it's probably best that you don't read this explanation (solution). Ask any magician: everybody says they want to know how a trick is done, but they're almost always disappointed when they find out. If you really want to know how it's done, it will be a lot more satisfying if you figure it out for yourself.
Age by Chocolate Solved
Contact me if you have any questions.


Unspecified mining application. Mark Zuckerberg suggests the following tightening of one class of constraints: The variables in this problem (except for the last one, x348921, which is fixed to 1 and does not appear in any constraint) are arranged in groups of 20, and there are three classes of precedence constraints (or more accurately, implication constraints): 1) For each variable index i=...,348920, if i mod 20 > 0 then there is a constraint x_i 2) If i mod 20 = and i>20 then there is a constraint x_i = x21 >= x41 >=...) 3) and for all other i there is a constraint x_i Graphically, we can represent the variables as a table with height twenty and width 348920 / 20, with indices 1,...,20 going down the left-most column, then 21,...,40 going down the next column to the right, etc. There is then a precedence constraint (1) from each variable in a column to the one below it, a precedence constraint (2) from the topmost entry in each column to its neighbor on the left, and an "OR" precedence constraint (3) from each entry that isn't on top of a column, requiring that if it has value 1 then either the one above it or the one to its left must have value 1 as well. But in fact this OR precedence (3) can be replaced with a simple precedence constraint from each variable to the one at its left. To see this note that in any column, the first type of precedence constraint will require that a feasible solution must be a contiguous sequence of 1's from some point in the column until the bottom. Consider column c > 1. The topmost 1 in this column, by precedence constraints (3) (or if the topmost is at the top of the column, then by precedence constraints (2)) implies that the variable to its left (in column c-1) is also 1, which implies that the contiguous sequence of 1's in column c-1 must be at least as high as the sequence in column c. Thus for every 1 in column c, the entry to its left in column c-1 must also be 1.
Imported from MIPLIB2010.
Detailed explanation of the following tables can be found here.
Available nonzero structure and decomposition information. Further information can be found here.
Decomposed structure of original problem (dec-file)
Decomposed structure after trivial presolving (dec-file)
Find solutions below. Download the archive containing all solutions from the Download page.
|ID||Objective||Exact||Int. Viol||Cons. Viol||Obj. Viol||Submitter||Date||Description|
|3||-833555203||-833555203||0||0||4.0e-07||Edward Rothberg||2020-07-17||Obtained with the Gurobi 9.0 solution improvement heuristic|
|2||-797686257||0||0||5.0e-07||Robert Ashford and Alkis Vazacopoulus||2019-12-18||Found using ODH|CPlex|
|1||531134255||531134255||0||0||2.7e-06||-||2018-10-12||Solution found during MIPLIB2017 problem selection.|
The following instances are most similar to mining in the collection. This similarity analysis is based on 100 scaled instance features describing properties of the variables, objective function, bounds, constraints, and right hand sides.
|rmine21||open||162547||162547||0||0||1441651||3514884||Daniel Espinoza||rmine||-10618.75083837232*||binary precedence mixed_binary|
|rmine25||open||326599||326599||0||0||2953849||7182744||Daniel Espinoza||rmine||-15541.66928749976*||binary precedence mixed_binary|
|rmine15||open||42438||42438||0||0||358395||879732||Daniel Espinoza||rmine||-5018.819990999996*||binary precedence mixed_binary|
|rmine13||open||23980||23980||0||0||197155||485784||Daniel Espinoza||rmine||-3495.3706624382535*||binary precedence mixed_binary|
|opm2-z12-s8||hard||10800||10800||0||0||319508||725377||Daniel Espinoza||opm2||-58540||binary precedence knapsack|
No bibliographic information available


PPF Amount Details
If you’re looking for a low-risk investment option with guaranteed returns, then a Public Provident Fund (PPF) is an excellent choice. It’s a popular investment option in India that offers tax-free returns with a minimum lock-in period of 15 years. To calculate the maturity amount, you can use a PPF calculator that simplifies the process and provides accurate results. In this blog post, we’ll dive deeper into PPF calculators, how they work, and why they’re beneficial.
What is a PPF Calculator?
A PPF calculator is an online tool that calculates the maturity amount of your PPF investment. It considers the principal amount, the interest rate, and the tenure to provide accurate results. It’s an easy-to-use tool that saves time and effort, and eliminates the need for complex calculations. All you need to do is enter the investment amount, tenure, and interest rate, and the calculator does the rest.
How Does a PPF Calculator Work?
A PPF calculator works on a simple formula that takes into account the interest rate and the tenure of your investment. It’s a compound interest calculator that considers the interest earned on the principal amount every year, which is added to the principal amount to calculate the interest for the following year. The formula used by the PPF calculator is:
M = P[(1 + i)n – 1] + F[(1 + i)n(1 + i)]
M = Maturity value P = Principal amount F = Final installment i = Interest rate n = Number of years
Benefits of Using a PPF Calculator
Using a PPF calculator has several benefits, such as:
- Accurate Results: A PPF calculator provides accurate results, eliminating any chances of errors while calculating the maturity amount.
- Time-Saving: Calculating the maturity amount manually is a time-consuming process that involves complex calculations. A PPF calculator simplifies the process and saves time.
- Easy to Use: A PPF calculator is easy to use and doesn’t require any prior knowledge of complex mathematical formulas.
- Planning: A PPF calculator helps you plan your investment better by providing you with an estimate of the maturity amount.
- Comparison: You can use a PPF calculator to compare the maturity amount of different investment amounts, tenures, and interest rates.
How to Use a PPF Calculator?
Using a PPF calculator is easy and straightforward. Follow these simple steps to calculate the maturity amount of your PPF investment:
Step 1: Open a PPF calculator online. There are several PPF calculators available online, and you can choose any one of them.
Step 2: Enter the principal amount you want to invest. The principal amount is the initial amount that you invest in the PPF account.
Step 3: Enter the tenure of your investment. The tenure is the number of years you want to keep your investment in the PPF account.
Step 4: Enter the interest rate offered by the government. The interest rate is fixed by the government and is subject to change every quarter.
Step 5: Click on the “Calculate” button to get the maturity amount.
The calculator will provide you with the maturity amount, which includes the principal amount and the interest earned on it over the tenure period.
Things to Keep in Mind While Using a PPF Calculator
While using a PPF calculator, there are a few things that you should keep in mind:
- The calculator assumes that you will invest the same amount every year. If you invest a different amount every year, the maturity amount will be different.
- The calculator assumes that you will receive the same interest rate for the entire tenure period. If the interest rate changes during the tenure, the maturity amount will be different.
- The calculator provides an estimate of the maturity amount and does not guarantee the exact amount.
Benefits Of Investing in PPF (Public Provident Fund)
PPF, or Public Provident Fund, is a popular long-term investment option in India. It offers several benefits that make it an attractive investment option for individuals. Let’s look at some of the significant benefits of PPF:
- Tax Benefits: PPF offers tax benefits under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act. The investment amount, interest earned, and maturity amount are all tax-free. The tax benefits make PPF a popular choice for those looking for a tax-saving investment option.
- Guaranteed Returns: PPF is a government-backed investment option, and hence, the returns are guaranteed. The interest rate is fixed by the government and is currently at 7.1% per annum. The returns are compounded annually, making it an excellent investment option for long-term savings.
- Low Risk: PPF is a low-risk investment option as it is backed by the government. It’s a safe and secure investment option, and the risk involved is minimal. It’s an excellent option for individuals who do not want to take high-risk investments.
- Long-term Investment: PPF has a lock-in period of 15 years, which makes it an ideal long-term investment option. It’s an excellent investment option for those who want to save for their future financial goals, such as retirement or their children’s education.
- Flexibility: PPF offers flexibility in terms of investment amounts. An individual can invest a minimum of Rs. 500 to a maximum of Rs. 1.5 lakh per financial year. It’s an excellent option for individuals who want to invest small amounts periodically.
- Loan and Withdrawal Facility: PPF account holders can take a loan against their PPF account after the completion of the third financial year. The withdrawal facility is also available after the completion of the sixth financial year. It’s an excellent option for individuals who may need access to funds in case of emergencies.
Investing in a PPF is a smart choice for those looking for a low-risk investment option with guaranteed returns. A PPF calculator simplifies the process of calculating the maturity amount and provides accurate results.
Tool You Can Try: Age Calculator
It’s a time-saving and easy-to-use tool that helps you plan your investment better and make informed decisions. So, if you’re planning to invest in a PPF, make sure to use a PPF calculator to get an estimate of the maturity amount.