About the Organization
MissionThe mission of North Carolina School of Science & Math is to: educate academically talented students to become state, national, and global leaders in science, technology, engineering, and math; advance public education in NC; and inspire innovation for the betterment of humankind.
Step Up to STEM is an innovative interdisciplinary academic program that uses exciting real-world subjects to challenge rising 9th graders across North Carolina and build their skills in science, math, and communications.
During the program's 1 week residential summer institute, students live and learn on the historic campus of North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, where they have the opportunity to take advantage of the many unique enrichment activities available throughout the Triangle area.
The program is open by application to African American, Hispanic American, and Native American 8th graders who live in North Carolina.


By Samuel R. Buss
This advent to 3D special effects emphasizes basics and the maths underlying special effects, whereas additionally masking programming options utilizing OpenGL, a platform-independent images programming atmosphere. The minimum necessities make it appropriate for self-study or to be used as a sophisticated undergraduate or introductory graduate textual content because the writer leads step by step from the fundamentals of modifications to complex themes reminiscent of animations and kinematics. Accompanying software program, together with resource code for a ray tracing software program package deal, is out there freely from the book's website.
Read or Download 3D Computer Graphics : A Mathematical Introduction with OpenGL PDF
Best 3d graphics books
This can be a significant ebook. i love the trouble of compiling sizeable quantity of assets into this ebook. while you are doing 3D programming, you want to have this ebook.
3D floor Reconstruction: Multi-Scale Hierarchical ways offers easy methods to version 3D gadgets in an incremental manner for you to trap extra finer information at every one step. The configuration of the version parameters, the reason and options are defined and mentioned intimately so the reader has a robust knowing of the technique.
Every thing you must find out about constructing hardware-accelerated 3D portraits with WebGL! because the most modern expertise for growing 3D images on the net, in either video games, purposes, and on typical web pages, WebGL supplies internet builders the aptitude to supply eye-popping pictures. This publication teaches you ways to take advantage of WebGL to create attractive cross-platform apps.
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Additional info for 3D Computer Graphics : A Mathematical Introduction with OpenGL
This stage is typically used to control the view of the 3-D model. In this stage, a camera or viewpoint position and direction are set. In addition, the range and the ﬁeld of view are determined. ” OpenGL uses another 4 × 4 matrix called the “projection matrix” to specify these transformations. Perspective Division. The previous two stages use a method of representing points in 3space by means of homogeneous coordinates. Homogeneous coordinates use vectors with four components to represent points in 3-space.
Cx1 + d x2 + f Now deﬁne N to be the 3 × 3 matrix a b e N = c d f . 0 0 1 Using the homogeneous representation x1 , x2 , 1 of x1 , x2 , we see that x1 a b e x1 ax1 + bx2 + e N x2 = c d f x2 = cx1 + d x2 + f . 1 0 0 1 1 1 The effect of N ’s acting on x, y, 1 is identical to the effect of the afﬁne transformation A acting on x, y . The only difference is that the third coordinate of “1” is being carried around. More generally, for any other homogeneous representation of the same point, αx1 , αx2 , α with α = 0, the effect of multiplying by N is αx1 α(ax1 + bx2 + e) N αx2 = α(cx1 + d x2 + f ) , α α which is another representation of the point A(x) in homogeneous coordinates.
Let i = 1, 0, 0 , j = 0, 1, 0 , and k = 0, 0, 1 , and let u = A(i), v = A(j), and w = A(k). Set M equal to the matrix (u, v, w), that is, the matrix whose columns are u, v, and w, and thus u 1 v1 w1 M = u 2 v2 w2 . 6 u 3 v3 w3 Then Mx = A(x) for all x ∈ R3 , that is to say, M represents A. In this way, any linear transformation of R3 can be viewed as being a 3 × 3 matrix. ) A rigid transformation is one that preserves the size and shape of an object and changes only its position and orientation.


MATLAB is a great tool for solving complex problems. It’s a programming language that you can use to simulate or model systems, solve equations, and so much more. In this article, we will explore how MATLAB can help with certain types of calculations typically done by hand and the benefits thereof.
You may have heard about it in high school math class as an alternative way to do integration (though it’s not always the best). Maybe your physics professor mentioned it when discussing differential equations?
You might even have seen some mention of MATLAB on TV when watching The Big Bang Theory!
MATLAB is an easy language to learn. All you need to do is download MATLAB from mathworks.com/products/matlab, and then you can start learning with the help of interactive tutorials that will guide you through commands and features. You can also download other sample code to see how it works or find examples on Code Central by browsing categories or searching for keywords or MATLAB Help documentation is available when needed.
A good way to learn Matlab in 2021 is to also learn Python. Matlab and Python can be used together if you’re looking to get a job in the field of analytics or data entry.
The best way to learn is by using an online tutorial; not only does it show you how to use the tool, but it also has real-life examples of how you can use the tool.
You can find courses on Coursera.org or Udemy.com, and they are very cheap; some even have a free trial. You can use another resource like programminggeeks.net, for example.
MATLAB can be used to find different types of solutions, including differential equations. If you wanted to solve a non-linear differential equation by hand, then it would be very difficult. But with MATLAB, you could easily write a program that does the work for you.
Within MATLAB, there are many features that students can use to solve their problems. Mathworks offers tutorials that introduce new users to the language and teach them how to create a program of their own.
Code Central is a great resource that provides students with tutorial videos about MATLAB commands and features and sample code. Sample code is also available for download on the site so that students can explore how other people have solved problems with MATLAB beforehand.
Mathworks is one of the best sites where you can get help online for free. They also have many other helpful programs and tutorials you can use to further your knowledge of MATLAB and programming languages in general.
MATLAB is an acronym for Matrix Laboratory. It’s easy to understand what this product does as it has been used by students, engineers, scientists, mathematicians, and others involved in fields that require complex calculations. Some examples include the field of physics where equations such as Euler’s equation may be solved using matrix methods; the electrical engineering field also makes use of important vector operations, especially when working with signals (you’ll find out more about signal processing later); computer science professionals often rely on matrix algebra to solve problems involving network optimization or even machine learning tasks where data are classified using complex algorithms.
Why learn MATLAB? It depends on your major or career path, but in all likelihood, you’ll run into some situations where it’s useful to know this programming language. For example, in engineering and science, matrix algebra is a powerful tool that could be used as part of the design process and reflect important mathematical concepts such as vector operations (for instance, in physics).
If you’re into computer science, then it’s worth delving deeper into this topic since you can solve many problems by applying basic mathematics with straightforward solutions. Other applications include financial analysis where differential equations could model investments with positive or negative returns; operations research also uses this tool in its solutions.
It’s important to note that other products similar to MATLAB, including GNU Octave, Scilab, and FreeMat, could be used instead. Still, not all of them offer the same functionality as this product does. So if you’re a student or professional who needs to solve complex problems with accuracy and speed, it makes sense to choose a program such as MATLAB, which has been designed for these kinds of tasks.
The best way to learn MATLAB is by using available resources such as online tutorials; however, nothing beats hands-on training from an instructor, especially for students who may have little or no prior experience in programming languages. But even those who already know how to code will find the tutorials useful as sample projects could be broken down into smaller components so that new students can learn how to apply specific commands or features to solve a problem.
It’s also important to note that you don’t need extensive knowledge of programming languages if you’re using MATLAB; it’s straightforward and non-intimidating for those who are new to coding, but you should not intimidate yourself because it’s really easy to learn if you have the time and inclination.
Learning by doing is a great way to enhance your knowledge of MATLAB since it gives you experience with code; this way, there’s no doubt that your skills will develop enough!


The GOALS of the Oregon Invention Convention
- Bring STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) invention education to 1,000 K-12 students in the Portland and Salem Metro Areas by 2017.
- Bring STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) invention education to 1,000,000 K-12 students throughout Oregon by 2021
- Provide opportunities for students to be recognized and valued for their inventions through Regional and State Invention Conventions
- Include all qualified student invention programs as part of a state-wide Oregon Invention Convention program
Learn more about the Oregon Invention Convention.


This is a recent pickup, from Tier One 2014. I got it to go with the single and triple relic cards of Billy that I had already bought.
Take a look at the three together...
...That's a nice picture of Billy swinging at Wrigley Field.
...There would have been a total of 374 of these cards (/299 + /50 + /25 = 374) and 474 little bat squares (299+100+75). Would it just take one bat to make all the squares?
...Does it strike anyone else as odd that the single piece is in a circle while the other cards have the pieces in squares? I would have gone for some consistency across the designs.


Here is the solution to the problem I had with Shapr3D and bolts. I have only tested this for an M8 Bolt and plan to test it with a few other sizes. But I suspect the issue is now solved.
Here is how to create a UNC M8 x 1.25 x 16 bolt in Shapr3D.
Note: This was tested with version 3.6.1 of the app.
• M8 = 8 mm diameter • 1.25 = thread pitch • 16 = length of thread
To calculate the Angle in Shapr3D (number of rotations/revolve) you need to know the TPI (Threads per Inch). Since this is a metric bolt, 1” = 25.400 mm.
In this example you would divide length of thread by thread pitch to calculate the number of expected threads. (16 / 1.25 = 12.8). Based on the screenshot below you need divide the thread pitch by 2 and subtract that from the 12.8 ((1.25 / 2 = .625) → (12.8 - .625 = 12.175). So we now know that we need 12.175 threads over 16 mm for an M8 bolt.
Now to calculate the Angle in Shapr3D you multiply the new TPI (12.175) by 360 (12.175 x 360 = 4383). Now we have an angle of 4383. So in the revolve menu you would enter an angle of 4,383 and a height of 16. Anything over 4383 should not be allowed to be entered as it wouldn’t fit if you follow the math.
Now this give an exact spec bolt for the M8 example listed. Now for 3D printing I found that I had to shrink the diameter by .1 in total. So rather than a 4 mm length I had to set it to 3.95 mm before I revolve.


Press J to jump to the feed. ⚡Watch- AP Calculus AB/BC: Continuity, Part II. An average value. Check out all the guides, slides, and videos! AP Classroom Resources for Unit 1?- AP Calc AB. With the left, vice versa. That is the curve approaches different values depending on direction. Start studying AP Calculus AB - Unit 1 - Limits. For instance, the function above is continuous at x=1 but not x=2.
A limit, is the y value a function approaches as it approaches a certain x value. Q & A. It’s not approaching any kind of specific y value, it’s going to infinity. Exclusive review videos with tips, strategies, and content. Exclusive review videos with tips, strategies, and content. Not only can you find them on a graph or table, but you can find them algebraically! On the AP Exam, they will be written in this notation: This means that as x approaches a, on the graph of f(x), the value on the y-axis that the function approaches is L, Limits can be solved for on a graph- follow the function to as close to the x value it approaches as possible and then look at what value you have reached. On your exam, you may come across a piecewise function. This results in a hole on the curve. Derivatives Circuit Answer Key; 5.2: FRQ Modules 1-4. Check out all the guides, slides, and videos! A piecewise function cant be continuous if the values of the functions on both sides of a boundary (defined by the piecewise function) are not equal. If they are the same, that is your answer.
We suggest moving this party over to a full size window. Think of it as a slider along the x-axis and the corresponding curve of f(x) simultaneously. AP Classroom Resources for Unit 1?- AP Calc AB.
Home Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Calculus AB Final Exam Review Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11 AP Calculus BC Final Exam Review Project Unit 1 - Limits & Continuity *Unit Circle Quiz: Wednesday, August 30th *Quiz #1 (Days 1 - 2): Thursday, August ... Unit 1 Review (Sept. 7th) Review Review Answer Key AP Calculus Exam Practice Problems. (For instance: f(x)=x^2 for [1,5]), then the function will be continuous on that interval. That is, the graph can be drawn in 1 continuous motion without lifting your pencil. What are the three rules for a limit to be continuous? If they are equal, then it would be continuous. When you have a double-handed limit to solve for, first try and plug in the value it is approaching as x. If limx→a=±∞f(x)=k, and k=ℝ, then y=k is a horizontal asymptote. ⚡Watch - AP Calculus AB/BC: Algebraic Limits. And therefore, the limit DNE. Then plug in the x value the limit approaches as x and that is your answer. Occurs when the limit exists, but it is not equal to f(a). The rate of change of a function is equal to... Because of this, if the x value does not change, the average rate of change would be undefined. In this course, you will need to know that functions have 3 types of discontinuities. When evaluating a limit analytically what should you always try first? (Infinite discontinuities). If a function is defined only for a certain interval. Basically if there is no discontinuity along an interval. I am using a newer version of Google Sites. Home. This works for functions like polynomial, logarithmic, and exponential. Therefore, the limit DNE. If f is continuous on the closed interval [a,b], and k is any number between f(a) and f(b), then there is at least one number c in [a,b] such that f(c) = k. (Taken from Larson Hostetler Edwrds calculus eighth edition textbook), I hope this article was useful to you. Practice multiple choice questions and practice AP exams If any of you guys have access to the Unit 1 MCQ/FRQs available on Classroom, I would be extremely thankful if you could screenshot & share it with me so I can study and understand this unit.
An asymptote is a line that approaches a given curve but does not meet it at any distance. If a function is continuous on a certain domain or interval, and a certain value (c) is a y value corresponding to a x value in the domain, then it has to hit that y value at least once in that interval. If any of you guys have access to the Unit 1 MCQ/FRQs available on Classroom, I would be extremely thankful if you could screenshot & share it with me so I can study and understand this unit. Class Information. How can we solve them? The function to the left should not influence your answer at all. (DNE).
Watch - AP Calculus AB/BC: Graphical Limits, Watch - AP Calculus AB/BC: Algebraic Limits, Watch- AP Calculus AB/BC: Continuity, Part II, Watch- AP Calculus AB/BC: Continuity, Part I, Read- AP Calculus AB/BC: The Intermediate Value Theorem. If any of you guys have access to the Unit 1 MCQ/FRQs available on Classroom, I would be extremely thankful if you could screenshot & share it with me so I can study and understand this unit. Since as x approaches 3, the y value is approaching 0.25, it is clear that as x approaches 3, the limit of the function on the table is 0.25. In this scenario, we would have an infinite discontinuity. We know a function is continuous at a certain point if the function continues and crosses that point without any break or interruption. If the limit of a certain function is too hard to solve for, you can solve for the limit of similar, easier functions to help you.
The value x is approaching is the asymptote because the function goes closer and closer to that x value. It is therefore is a line that touches a curve at two points. So my teacher is hella sketch and refuses to open any assignments for us on AP Classroom. Each value between the two endpoints have corresponding pairs between the inputs and outputs. Limits that have a positive or negative sign at the top of the x value it is approaching are called single-handed limits. Therefore, y=k would have to be the horizontal asymptote. Pre-Calc Review. Simplify it as much as possible. But just looking at the graph at f(x) will not give you the answer because there is a discontinuity there. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Unit 5 - Applications of Integrals. The one where Cady competes in the Mathletics competition and puts Marymount High to shame as she utters this famous line: However, what exactly is a limit? Also, limits can also be solved for by plugging in the x value: Plug the x value into the function and if you get 0/0 or, Determining Limits Using Algebraic Manipulation, Determining Limits Using the Squeeze Theorem, Defining Continuity at a Point of Interval, Connecting Infinite Limits and Vertical Asymptotes or Horizontal Asymptotes, Working with the Intermediate Value Theorem. AP Calculus AB: Mixed Bag Review Units 5-7 AP Calculus AB: Mixed Bag Review Units 1-7 Unit 1 - Limits and Continuity. The curve has asymptotes. Unit 5 - Applications of Integrals. Watch AP Calculus teacher Jamil Siddiqui, the Massachusetts Teacher of the Year 2019, explain graphical limits. Also, limits can also be solved for by plugging in the x value: Plug the x value into the function and if you get 0/0 or indeterminate, then solve for it algebraically. Unit 6 - Rotations. Kranish AP Calculus. Here is an organized outline based on the 2019 College Board Course Description. These are very interesting because sometimes they can be continuous, but at other times, they cant be. Overview of Everything in AB Calculus N/A AB Exam Multiple Choice Practice Exam Practice Solutions AP Calculus Study Guide Study Guide for Exam AP Calculus Study Guide Final Exam Review Jeopardy Review Jeopardy Game Solutions AP Calculus AB Testing Resources Online List of Many Calc Testing Resources N/A 1988 AP Exam 1988 AP Exam
Observe the trend. Occurs when the left and right one-sided limits are not equal. Unit 2 - Derivatives. For a rational limit EVALUATED AT infinite: The limit is equal to 0 since infinite is in the denominator. Basically, on a continuous interval. Simply try to solve by plugging a (what x approaches) into the function. For example, although the function below is piecewise, it is continuous.
Email Address. The graph would look something like this: ⚡Watch- AP Calculus AB/BC: Continuity, Part I. Removable discontinuity: Finally, if f(x) is continuous with a hole at a, then the limit as x approaches a does exist, but you can’t just look at f(a) to find it. This is a vertical asymptote. Get unit reviews, practice essays, and live support! If you get a number, that's your limit. It does not exist as it causes a discontinuity. As the x value continues to increase and goes to infinity, the function will be getting closer and closer to k, but it won't cross it. For values evaluated from the left (negative superscript) and right (positive superscript) side respectively. ⚡ Read- AP Calculus AB/BC: Squeeze Theorem. One in which the limit is the same whether it is approached from above or below. We cant. So, if applied here it is a break in the continuity of a function. Search this site. Observe the value ON THE CURVE (ignore the point) simultaneously approached as you approach a on the x-axis from the left and right. The graph of that would look something like this: As you can see, there is a break in the physical continuity of the graph at x. Hey guys, So my teacher is hella sketch and refuses to open any assignments for us on AP Classroom. Unit 1 - Limits and Continuity. This can also be used to find single-handed limits. ⚡Watch - AP Calculus AB/BC: Graphical Limits.
As you can see here, while the limit of the function in the red may be hard to solve for, the similar functions in the blue helps us figure out that the limit of the function will still be zero. If the limit from both sides is different, how can we find a specific value that the function approaches? Unit 3 - Applications of Derivatives.
AP Calculus AB. A subreddit intended to help students score higher on the AP Calculus Exam and raise your in-class grade. It is approximated to be touching a curve at a single point. Class Information. Limits can be solved algebraically - simplify the function as much as possible, and when you are done, plug in the x value and you will get your answer! Midterm & Final. In-depth review of everything you need to know about unit 1 for AP Calculus, based on the 2019 College Board course description. The Ultimate Review Packet has everything you need to do well in your AP Calculus AB class and on the AP Exam. If you get 0/0, that means that you need to simplify the function before plugging in the x-value.
You can use to form a study guide for your next AP Calc test, the actual AP exam, and (of course) to beat the Northshore High mathletes!
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A date calculator 만나이 계산기 is an application that lets you enter dates and times in various formats. You can also choose a month or day name to make the result more readable. The calculator displays the date based on what options you’ve selected. This tool is helpful for a variety of situations. For example, you might want to calculate the due date of a birthday.
Add or subtract days from a date Calculator
The Add or subtract days from a date calculator allows you to add or subtract days from a date. These calculators are similar to the date to date calculator, but work in different time units. This allows you to calculate future dates and answer questions regarding the future. To get started, enter the initial date, month, and year into the input fields. Next, select the number of days you want to add or subtract.
To add or subtract days from a date, you’ll need to know how to use Excel’s functions. For example, there’s a function called “AddDaysToDate()” which will add a specific number of days to a date. Other functions will allow you to subtract days from a date.
To add or subtract days from a date, enter a negative or positive number. You can then press the return key to display the new date. You can also use the EDATE function to quickly add or subtract days from a date. You’ll find that this feature is available on all versions of Excel. You’ll also be able to use it without an internet connection.
Calculate time between two dates
Using a time difference calculator is useful when you want to find the length of time between two dates. You can enter two dates, either a start and an end date, and the calculator will calculate the time in days. Enter the start and end date into the boxes below and click the “Calculate Date Duration” button.
The calculator will calculate the number of days between the two dates, hours, minutes, and seconds. It will also allow you to subtract time from the dates. Using a date difference calculator is an effective way to calculate the length of time between two dates. There are many options available depending on the desired result. It is best to use the calculator with the starting and end dates to ensure that you will get the correct answer.
You can also use the generic subtraction formula to calculate the time difference between two dates. It works the same way for both time and date calculations. In the second formula, the minus sign is used as a separator to indicate negative time.
Add or subtract holidays Calculator
A date calculator allows you to add or subtract days from a date. Enter days to the past or future and press “Calculate.” By default, the calculator uses today in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) as the starting date. It automatically accounts for leap years. The calculator also accounts for business days, which are weekdays that are not considered holidays. Holidays are automatically excluded from the calendar calculation.
The problem with this calculator is that it does not account for federal holidays. You must manually adjust the date if there is a federal holiday. You can modify this by changing the “Start date” field to the day you need the date to fall on. For example, if you need the date to fall on March 27th, enter the day after the holiday. The calculator will then return April 20th.
Another common use of a date calculator is to add or subtract days. This tool is helpful if you need to know a date after a certain number of working days. Just enter the number of days you want to add and the calculator will count the number of calendar days.
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A date calculator is one way to estimate when you will give birth. Typically, a pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks, or 280 days, from the last day of your menstrual period. While the calculator can help you determine when to expect baby, you should always check with your doctor to make sure your due date is accurate. You may find that your baby will arrive sooner or later than expected.
A date calculator works by using a theory called the Mittendorf-Williams rule. This theory is based on a decades-old study and shows that your first pregnancy lasts slightly longer than your subsequent pregnancies. You can use this theory to calculate your due date by counting back three months.
The Due Date Calculator uses a 28-day menstrual cycle, but your cycle can vary anywhere from 20 to 45 days. Your cycle length and menstrual cycle may influence your due date, so it is best to consult with your doctor to be sure. Ultrasounds and irregular periods can also change your due date.


Even though I have never worked as a data engineer, I have been playing with machine learning for a while now. At first, I was more interested in the mathematics behind it; I even made a repository where I tried implementing it.
Being in the world of Bitcoin and, more generally, crypto-currencies for a while, I wondered if a complex algorithm could not be used to predict the price.
That happens to be harder than I thought.
After all the models I have done, I decided that I would try to prove the point that without very complex models, insight data, or a lot of money, you can't predict it; I came up to the conclusion that stock price and bitcoin price are just noise by itself. I believe it is possible to have more precise predictions, not just the price or the RSI.
How will I show you the difference between a predictable time series and a not-predictable one?
Using a predictable trigonometric function
Here it is :
The predictable time series I am going to use is a sum of sinus and cosinus
n = 10000 array = np.array([math.sin(i*0.02) + math.cos(i*.05) - math.sin(i*0.01) for i in range(1, n)]) fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.plot([i for i in range(1, n)], array, linewidth=0.75) plt.show()
That gives us this curve :
Every algorithm you will find on the internet proposes you to predict the next value given the 150 last one. We are going to make something a bit different. Let's take all our values and associate each of them with a buy index, which would be 1 when the best action to do is to buy and 0 when the best move would be to sell.
We can do this with a simple algorithm :
SELL_INDEX = np.zeros((len(array), 1)) for index, row in enumerate(array): if index > len(array) - 150: continue max_price = np.amax(array[index:index + 150]) min_price = np.amin(array[index:index + 150]) current_sell_index = (row - min_price) / (max_price - min_price) SELL_INDEX[index] = 1 if current_sell_index > 0.8 else 0 data_with_sell_index = np.hstack((array.reshape(-1,1), SELL_INDEX)) data_final = np.hstack( (data_with_sell_index, np.arange(len(data_with_sell_index)).reshape(-1, 1)) ) data_final = data_final[:len(data_final) - 150]
Let's apply it to our sum of sinus and cosinus curve, and that is what is showing :
Ok, we are all set now. The idea of the model now would be to predict the nᵗʰ buy index, using the 150 previous prices, so from n - 150 to n -1.
The model looks like this :
input_layer = Input(shape=(150, 1)) layer_1_lstm = LSTM(50, return_sequences=True)(input_layer) dropout_1 = Dropout(0.1)(layer_1_lstm) layer_2_lstm = LSTM(50, return_sequences=True)(dropout_1) dropout_2 = Dropout(0.1)(layer_2_lstm) layer_3_lstm = LSTM(50)(dropout_2) output_sell_index_proba = Dense(1, activation='sigmoid')(layer_3_lstm) model = Model(inputs=input_layer, outputs=output_sell_index_proba) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='binary_crossentropy', metrics=[keras.metrics.BinaryAccuracy()]) model.summary()
As I am getting either 1 or 0 as a result, I decided to use the metric
and the loss function
The optimizer, Adam is often the best choice; it is the one that has given me the best results.
After training with ten epochs, I end up with about
0.03 loss and almost
Epoch: 8. Reducing Learning Rate from 0.0009227448608726263 to 0.000913517433218658 Epoch 10/10 125/125 [==============================] - 28s 221ms/step - loss: 0.0389 - binary_accuracy: 0.9853 - val_loss: 0.0310 - val_binary_accuracy: 0.9864
Let's now try to predict from new data unseen by the algorithm during the training.
data = np.array(data_final[:,0][9000:]) results = np.array() for i in range (150, 1000): result = model.predict(data[i - 150 : i].reshape(1, 150, 1)) results = np.append(result, results)
Here is the chart :
The accuracy of unseen data is pretty good, even though there are some inconsistencies.
Using Bitcoin price
Let's plot the last 10000 CLOSE CANDLE on BTC (60S).
I will apply the previous algorithm I used for the trigonometric function, and here is the result.
So now I have everything to work with, I can reapply the same process I did in the previous section.
The only difference is that I will use a
MinMaxScaler, so the input value will only vary from 0 to 1; neural networks have a hard time working with input that vary lot (here between 20k and 40k).
scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(0, 1)) fitter = scaler.fit(x) x = fitter.transform(x)
The first difference that I noticed is the loss; It is stuck at 0.5
Epoch: 8. Reducing Learning Rate from 0.000817907159216702 to 0.0008097281097434461 Epoch 10/10 125/125 [==============================] - 27s 218ms/step - loss: 0.5074 - binary_accuracy: 0.7952 - val_loss: 0.4372 - val_binary_accuracy: 0.8475
And here is a prediction chart :
There is nothing we can rely on.
The model does not find any pattern in the price; it is considered noise.
People have been trying to predict stock prices for the longest time; they have invented many ways to do it :
- Technical analysis, like RSI, Ichimoku candle
- Artificial inteligence technique
- Sentiment analysis
I think that no one can accurately predict the stock market without a solid understanding of the asset or massive investments.
You can find the code on my GitHub repository: github.com/mathias-vandaele/keras-research.


Maths: Schemes of Learning
Please select the year group you wish to view from the 'In this section' menu on the right. There you will find the year group scheme of learning and overviews.
Below are some useful websites to help with Maths:
- APAT YouTube channel : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCArtBh1Wkb09ilK-crlSw4g
- Oxford Owl - How to practice times tables
- Maths at home - Guide for parents and carers
- Sum Dog
- Top Marks - Hit the Button


- Linux Training
- Desktop Tutorials
- Server Tutorials
|Networking - Local Area Network|
To understand IP Addressing a user must first understand the difference between decimal, binary and hexadecimal numbers. First we will start with the simplest. Binary numbers are made up of ones and zeros. Each digit is called a bit, which is short for binary digit. A binary number can only consist of 8 digits. Example- Think about this, each digit of the eight spots represents a light bulb. A one represents the light bulb is on, a zero its off. Now if the light bulb is on it represents a number. Each spot represents a different number. Starting from the left here are the values of each spot. 128-64-32-16-8-4-2-1 Notice anything? Each number reduces itself in half. So if you wanted to represent the number 7 in binary you would have to turn on the appropriate light bulbs to add the numbers up so that they represented the appropriate number. Here is how 7 would look. 00000111 Digits 4-2-1 are all turned on. Add these up and you get the number 7.
To get 72 you need to turn on digits 64 and 8. The binary number would look like this. 01001000


Historical Dynamics of Implicit and Intuitive Elements of Mathematical Knowledge
Российский гуманитарный журнал. 2012. Том 1. №1. С. 30-35.Скачать полный текст (Английский)Email: firstname.lastname@example.org
The article deals with historical dynamics of implicit and intuitive elements of mathematical knowledge. The author describes historical dynamics of implicit and intuitive elements and discloses a historical and evolutionary mechanism of building up mathematical knowledge. Each requirement to increase the level of theoretical rigor in mathematics is historically realized as a three-stage process. The first stage considers some general conditions of valid mathematical knowledge recognized by the mathematical community. The second one reveals the level of theoretical rigor increasing, while the third one is characterized by explication of the hidden lemmas. A detailed discussion of historical substantiation of the basic algebra theorem is conducted according to the proposed technique.
- • history of mathematics
- • level of theoretical rigor
- • three-stage process
- • hidden lemmas
- • evolutionary mechanism of mathematical knowledge growth
- Lakatos I. Proofs and Refutations. M.: Nauka, 1967.
- Sultanova L.B. The Role of Intuition and Implicit Knowledge in Forming the Style of Mathematic Thinking // Styles in Mathematics: Socio-Cultural Philosophy of Mathematics. St. Petersburg: RKhGhI, 1999. P.66–76.
- Mathematics History since Ancient Times up to the Beginning of XIX century. M.: Nauka, 1972. Vol.1–3. Vol.3.
- Klein F. Lectures on Mathematics development in XIX century. Vol. I. M.: Nauka, 1989. P.69.
- Sultanova L. B. Implicit Knowledge in Mathematics. Saarbrücken (Germany): Ed. home LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, ISBN 978–3–8433, 2011. 212 p.


|For your postage cost, select 'Estimate Shipping & Taxes',
under 'What would you like to do next?' in your SHOPPING CART.
This bag of 500 wooden 1cm cubes can be used in so many different ways.
Naturally they are fantastic to demonstrate maths concepts.
Remember: these are 10mm cubes. Or 1cm cubes. 1 cc or 1 ml in volume. 1000 of these represent 1 litre in volume. Maths is fascinating!
In addition to maths, these little blocks are fun and educational in projects of all sorts. Their uses are endless!
Please note that these items are quite small, and can represent an ingestion hazard for very young children.
These Cuisenaire Rods are therefore not suitable for children under 3 years.........
Note: HTML is not translated!
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Copyright © 2014-18 Kembo-Cuisenaire
ABN 94 335 484 562


Our kindergarten program is designed to bring together some of the best practices from around the world. Our English Literacy curriculum is structured using the American Common Core Standards. This format combines phonics, writing, oral presentation, and reading comprehension to give students a well-rounded set of skills to begin reading, writing, and expressing themselves in English. By the end of their year in kindergarten, students will have a wide set of skills that will prepare them for any international school they attend in the future.
The math program for kindergarten students utilizes Singapore Math. This well-tested curriculum encourages students to approach math concepts from a variety of angles and to become aware of their thought processes as they engage with hands on math lessons. Singapore Math is taught completely in English and exposes students to valuable academic vocabulary.
The Chinese curriculum is based on standards set by the Chinese government. Throughout the year students will study Chinese characters and pinyin and will learn many words to expand their Chinese vocabulary. Local teachers also engage students in math lessons taught in Chinese in order to teach a variety of skills and concepts.


Since the amount of published biological sequencing data is growing exponentially, efficient methods for storing and indexing this data are needed to truly benefit from this invaluable resource for biomedical research. Labeled de Bruijn graphs are a frequently-used approach for representing large sets of sequencing data. While significant progress has been made to succinctly represent the graph itself, efficient methods for storing labels on such graphs are still rapidly evolving. In this paper, we present RowDiff, a new technique for compacting graph labels by leveraging expected similarities in annotations of vertices adjacent in the graph. RowDiff can be constructed in linear time relative to the number of vertices and labels in the graph, and in space proportional to the graph size. In addition, construction can be efficiently parallelized and distributed, making the technique applicable to graphs with trillions of nodes. RowDiff can be viewed as an intermediary sparsification step of the original annotation matrix and can thus naturally be combined with existing generic schemes for compressed binary matrices. Experiments on 10,000 RNA-seq datasets show that RowDiff combined with Multi-BRWT results in a 30% reduction in annotation footprint over Mantis-MST, the previously known most compact annotation representation. Experiments on the sparser Fungi subset of the RefSeq collection show that applying RowDiff sparsification reduces the size of individual annotation columns stored as compressed bit vectors by an average factor of 42. When combining RowDiff with a Multi-BRWT representation, the resulting annotation is 26 times smaller than Mantis-MST.


20% Of 640
Refinance Mortgage Comparison current mortgage rates for July 27, 2019 are still near their historic lows. compare 30-year, 15-year fixed rates, and ARMs to find the best home loan offer all in one place at LendingTree.
To subtract off 20%, 1/5 of 640 = 128 640 – 128 = $512 Or you can multiply 640 x.80 (80%) (keeping.80 of your original number is the same as subtracting off.20) 640 x.8 = $512.
The campaign comes as statistics in 2018 found that motorcyclists made up 20% of all Scottish road traffic fatalities. casualties also increased by 3% between 2017 and 2018 – rising from 620 to 640.
Mortgage Loan Pmi The European Union’s (EU) top court on Thursday ruled in favor of Polish consumers who took out mortgages in Swiss francs, allowing them to ask courts to convert the loans into Poland’s zloty.
One way is to multiply 640 dollars by 20 percent, and then divide the answer by one hundred, then deduct that result from the original price. See illustration below: + Purchase Price = $640 – Discount (640 x 20)/100 = $128.00 = final price 640 – 128.00 = $512.00 Thus, a product that normally costs $640.
Use this calculator to find percentages. Just type in any box and the result will be calculated automatically. Calculator 1: Calculate the percentage of a number.
Interest Rates 30 Year Fixed Chart The contract interest rate on commitments for 30 year, fixed-rate mortgages. Relatively low interest rates gives homeowners and home buyers additional flexibility to buy or refinance at lower interest.
At present, 20% of this category in India suffers from Alzheimer’s disease. It also envisages setting up geriatric clinics in OPD and physiotherapy units in 640 district hospitals and more than. 1st purchase 20% cash Back. 10% Cash Back After That. 640+ claimed. free to Claim. 20% Cash Back. Claim. How This Deal Works.
What is 20 percent of 640 – Answers.com – 512 20% off of 640 = 20% discount applied to 640 = 640 – (20% * 640) = 640 – (0.20 * 640) = 640 – 128 = 512. 4 Stocks Join Ben Graham Net-Net Screener Friday – Diffusion Pharmaceuticals Inc. has a market cap of $17.730 million and annual average earnings growth of 28.20% over the past 10 years.
640 is 20 percent of what number Here is a calculator to solve percentage calculations such as what is 20% of 3200. You can solve this type of calculation with your own values by entering them into the calculator’s fields, and click ‘Calculate’ to get the result and explanation.
3. If 640 is 100%, so we can write it down as 640=100%. 4. We know, that x is 20% of the output value, so we can write it down as x=20%. 5. Now we have two simple equations: 1) 640=100% 2) x=20% where left sides of both of them have the same units, and both right sides have the same units, so we can do something like that: 640/x=100%/20% 6.
What is 20 percent of 640 – step by step solution – 1) 640=100% 2) x=20% where left sides of both of them have the same units, and both right sides have the same units, so we can do something like that: 640/x=100%/20% 6. Now we just have to solve the simple equation, and we will get the solution we are looking for.


In Nursery the children experience maths everyday through whole class teaching, focused activities with an adult and through play opportunities in and outside the classroom. Maths is discovered, explored, discussed and made sense of from the child's own perspective, guided and facilitated by the adults.
WHITE ROSE MATHS: RECEPTION – YEAR 6
At St Bartholomew’s Church of England Academy, we teach our mathematics lessons through the White Rose Maths schemes of learning from Reception to Year 6. The scheme is at the heart of our mathematics teaching and is adapted, through careful consideration of small steps, to suit our pupils at St Bartholomew’s.
Lessons and activities are designed to encourage children to become more fluent in their reasoning skills and encourage a higher level of thinking in maths in order to deepen understanding and master concepts. Concepts are built on sequentially and learning is broken down into small steps, which are the basis of each lesson. We have adapted the White Rose lesson resources to create a six part lesson structure:
- Skills Check
- Guided Learning
- Independent Learning
Specific arithmetic practice is timetabled in 3 times a week, across KS2, for 10 minutes in order to develop and consolidate fluency of key arithmetic methods.
See the pictures and documents below for the yearly overviews.
As a school, we follow the White Rose Maths Calculation Policy. The policy is broken down into addition and subtraction, and multiplication and division. The policies give an overview of the different models and images that support the teaching of different concepts throughout the year groups. Each operation is broken down into skills with different models and images that enable the teaching of them. These skills are linked to year groups to support consistency through out the school.
PROGRESSION AGAINST NATIONAL CURRICULUM
The document below gives an at-a-glance guide to how the White Rose Maths curriculum links to the Key Stage 1 and 2 National Curriculum, and how it progresses through topics.
The White Rose Maths curriculum is a cumulative curriculum, so once a topic is covered it is met many times again in other contexts. Content is also re-visited on a daily basis through our use of White Rose’s ‘Flash Back 4’ activities, which are completed at the beginning of the day across KS1 and KS2.
As a school, we are part of the Mastering Number project, run by the NCETM (National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Mathematics).
The project aims to secure firm foundations in the development of good number sense for all children from Reception through to Year 1 and Year 2. The aim over time is that children will leave KS1 with fluency in calculation and a confidence and flexibility with number, which inevitably give them strong foundations from which to build on in KS2.
This programme focuses on the key knowledge and understanding needed from Reception to Year 2. These classes, therefore, have a daily teaching session of 10 to 15 minutes, in addition to their normal maths lesson.
To find out more about the project and the rekenreks used within the sessions, please follow the link below.
TIMES TABLES ROCKSTARS
Times Table Rockstars is a fun and competitive way for children to learn their times tables. Each child from Year 1 to Year 6 has a username and password so that they can develop their knowledge and recall of the times tables.
Children need to complete 15 minutes of dedicated times tables practice, against their personalised goals, each week before they can access the single and multi-player games.
Individual and class competitions are run on a weekly basis, with winners being awarded certificates in celebration assembly. Overall half-termly winners are also displayed on our Times Tables Rock Stars display.


Lately I’ve been drawn to geometric art and have been inspired by the relationship of corresponding shapes and colours. Although I wasn’t exactly a top student when it came to geometry in school, I find it fascinating and soothing. Being one of the oldest sciences, geometry is considred the DNA of Design.
Here’s a look at the work of designer Andy Gilmore, a New York based designer and musician whose colourful pieces take on a kaleidoscopic and geometric style. His love and practice of music can be seen in his work as he represents the physics of sound acoustics.
To view more of Andy’s work, you can visit his website here.
Photos Courtesy of http://kunstformen.blogspot.com/


Firms do not always distribute all (or any) of the profit that they make amongst their shareholders. This means that even if the earnings per share are a good sum, it doesn't’t mean that the shareholders actually earned this amount for each of their shares. Similarly there are no guarantees that an investor will make the amount of money indicated by the earnings ratio calculation.
How Does the Dividend Yield Differ From Earnings Per Share/Earnings Ratio?
Dividend yield is different to earnings per share and earnings ratio because it takes dividends (the profit that the business has given to shareholders) into account. Dividend yield compares the market price of the share against the dividend paid out by the business.
Calculating Dividend Yield
To calculate the dividend yield you will need to find out the value of the ordinary share dividend and the ordinary share market price. Once you have these figures divide the ordinary share dividend by the ordinary and multiply the answer by 100%.


Geometry Tutors in Glendora, CA
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Stanford University - BS, Mechanical Engineering , Cal Poly Pomona - Credential, CA Single Subject Math
University of Nevada - BA, Mathematics and Psychology , Cornell Law School - JD, Law
Mt.SAC - Transfer, Psychology
Azusa Pacific University - BA, Mathematics
University of Southern California - BS, Business Administration , California State University-Fullerton - MBA, Business Administration
Whittier College - BS, Chemistry , Whittier College - MS, Master's Education/Teaching Credential
The University of Texas at Dallas - BA, International Political Economy , University of Washington-Seattle Campus - MPA, Public...
Cal Poly Pomona - BS, Aerospace Engineering
University of the Pacific - BA, Sports Medicine
Loyola Marymount University - BA, Mathematics
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona - BS, Civil Engineering
Ramnarian Ruia College - Bachelor of Science, Mathematics , Polytechnic Institute of New York University - Master of Science, Computer...
University of California Los Angeles - BS, Pure Mathematics, Public Affairs minor


NBA legend Shaquille O’Neal earned nearly $300 million during his playing career. That’s not even taking into account how much he’s made over the decades through movies, music, and endorsements.
In 1992, just as his pro career was beginning, Shaq spent $1 million in a single day.
Here’s the story…
More from Business Insider:
Shaquille O’Neal: It was me being overly happy-slash-irresponsible. My agent called me and said, “Hey, you’ve got a million dollars.”
But I didn’t subtract his 15%, right? I didn’t subtract the Texas state tax or the FICA. So, in my mind, I was just trying to do the simple math. I always wanted a fancy Mercedes-Benz. I used to go to the 7-Eleven and get the fake Mercedes, the little ones and just drive them, you know, on top of my bed and — I’m gonna get one of these one day.
So, I went to the Mercedes dealership. The guy says $150,000. I write him a check, give it to him. So now, in my head, a million minus $150,000, I’ve still got $850,000 left, right?
Shaq’s father wanted the same Benz he just purchased. So he bought it for him.
Then his mother wanted a similar Benz, too. So he bought her one.
After that, O’Neal bought “rings and diamonds and earrings and this and that.” For a total of $1 million!


Here at The Learning Tree Tuition, our aim is to improve your child's confidence and ability. Don't just take our word for it though, see what our customers are saying:
My daughter has always found maths very hard, and she was struggling with it. After a few weeks at the centre she started to be confident and her teacher at school is very impressed with her progress.
I would like to thank you for all the help given to my son at The Learning Tree Tuition. We attended a school parents evening and for the first time, our son had grown in confidence with his maths and is now asking for more "harder" sums whilst in class. I feel the centre has given him this confidence and has resulted in a more positive approach to maths. Many thanks for all your help and coaching
My son was experiencing confidence issues because of his English performance at school. He had made no progress in English from the autumn term to spring term. Eight weeks in and we have received his school report. Not only has he made three levels progress since spring term, his confidence has improved no end and his teacher is looking to move him to a higher set for the subject. Huge thanks to The Learning Tree Tuition.
My daughter requested a tutor or some help with her maths in her second year of middle school when she identified she was struggling with maths but this was having an effect with problem solving in science and geography.
After discovering The Learning Tree Tuition centre she has gained massively in confidence with figures and problem solving and has, within five months, moved from a 3b to a 4a with a predicted 5c or above in her forthcoming SATs, plus her teachers have noticed significant improvement in reasoning and aptitude within class
Before Robert started at the centre, he wasn’t very confident with numbers. Within 3 months Robert can confidently work out adding and subtracting on his own. He is also more confident in school around numbers. I am also happy to leave Robert with the staff and know he is in a happy and safe environment. I am very pleased the way the centre is helping my child to understand maths and bringing him up to the level that he should be.
Thank you for all the hard work you have done with Emily. Her confidence is massive in comparison and she was over the moon when she passed her maths SATs. She has really improved and I was unsure she would pass maths, due to missing a term due to illness. Really fantastic work. Thanks again.
Founded in 2015 to help your child achieve their potential in maths and English.


The Grade 4 Music Play resource has a number of fun activities using the floor staff. I set up four of them in my room using painter's tape. I followed the tiles on the floor to make each staff super straight and dug up some foam circles I had bought from Michael's years ago. I used a permanent marker to write the line and space numbers on one side of each circle and the corresponding letter name on the back.
Looking back on it now I probably shouldn't have matched up the lines and spaces with the letter name. Some students clued in right away and flipped the circle over to look at the line numbers and then placed their circle on the correct line. Oh well!
The two games that the students really enjoyed were "Staff Jump" and "Staff Relay". We played these games using line and staff numbers for the first few days and then played the same games but used note names instead.
Staff Jump - I had two of the four teams face each other at one time. Half of each team were lines and the other half were spaces (that way students wouldn't be too crowded on the staff) I would call out a line or space number and the students would jump to that line or space. The last person to make it was eliminated. (I know, I know everyone should be involved and I try to do that as much as possible but the kids wanted to play elimination and I can be competitive myself - but not with sports...only things I might actually be able to win at!) The other two teams would face off once everyone was eliminated.
Staff Relay - For this game we used the foam circles. The students stood in line behind the staff and when I said, "Go!" each person had a turn to put the circle on the corresponding line or space. I made each student high-five the next one in line and only allowed them to put one circle on the staff at a time.
I found that playing games on the floor staff were a great alternative to the traditional pencil and paper technique of teaching note names. Maybe instead of "alternative" I should say "addition" as we did do a note naming worksheet later on along with some Mad Minutes (more info to come!).


How to implement the Pocklington integral equation in MATLAB? for linear ferdholm integral equation of second kind by using Taylor series expansion of two variables to approximate the kernel. Visualizing Pocklington’sIntegral Equation 2 2 inc 2 2 4 L L jkr zz je Ez Izk dz zr We formulated Pocklington’s integral equation with being a receiving antenna in mind. We will implement the equation as a transmitting antenna. k Einc Einc Lecture 28 Slide 26 Convergence Comparison L . pocklington integral equation matlab code Search and download pocklington integral equation matlab code open source project / source codes from mulzer-hh.de
Pocklington integral equation matlabThe following Matlab project contains the source code and Matlab examples used for calculate the solution to pocklington's integral equation. Compute the. Keywords: method of moments, Pocklington's equation, point matching Pocklington's equation, transforms it in an integral equation, which can be easily. Hallén and Pocklington Integral Equations . the Pocklington equations. The MATLAB function king implements the design equations () and. This paper presents a method to find the approximation solution for linear ferdholm integral equation of second kind by using Taylor series expansion of two. MATLAB. If we know the voltage at the feed terminals of a wire antenna and find the current . Pocklington's integral Equation technique, with a Moment. pockling.m - solve Pocklington's integral equation for linear antenna % % Usage: [I,z,cnd] = pockling(L,a,E,Nint,type) % [I,z,cnd] = pockling(L,a,E,Nint). Introduction. • Pocklington's and Hallen's Integral Equations. • Method of Moments Solution to Pocklington's Equation Implementation. Initialize MATLAB. Compute the solution to Pocklingtons's Integral Equation using pulse basis functions and point matching. Assumes a straight wire along z-axis. on a dipole, pocklington's integral equation is usually derived and solved. For the Keywords: Dipole Antenna, Pocklington's Integral Equation, MATLAB, Linear. pocklington integral equation matlab code Search and download pocklington integral equation matlab code open source project / source codes from.
See This Video: Pocklington integral equation matlab
See More ilse de lange dear john


In casino gaming, a RTP slot is the name of a specific position on a reel. A player inserts money (or in “ticket-in, ticket-out” machines, a paper ticket with a barcode) into a slot and presses a lever or button to activate the machine. The reels spin, and when a winning combination of symbols appears, the player receives credits based on the pay table of the game. Unlike table games like blackjack or poker, slots don’t require skill to play. However, understanding how they work can improve a player’s chances of winning.
As technology evolved, manufacturers incorporated electronics into their machines, and the random number generator was born. This changed how the game worked, but the basic principle remained the same. The computer generated a sequence of numbers that corresponded to each stop on the reel. It then used an internal table to determine which stop the reel should land on, based on the symbol’s appearance in previous spins.
Today, random number generators are much larger than the old four-reel model, and many different symbols appear on a modern machine’s screen. They also have multiple pay lines and bonus events that increase the number of possible combinations. The result is that the computer must use even more complex calculations to assign sets of numbers to each stop on a reel, and assign payoff values for three-, four-, and five-of-a-kind wins.
A slot is also a device in an aircraft that allows passengers to board the plane at the appropriate time. This helps to avoid a delay while saving fuel and reducing emissions. The first such devices were introduced in Europe twenty years ago, and have since led to massive savings in both air travel delays and aircraft fuel burn.
During the flight, it’s important to have a good seat on the airplane and stay awake to keep your energy up. Having enough energy will allow you to sleep well, so that you can wake up refreshed and ready to start the day. The best way to do this is to get an early night.
There are two types of odds when it comes to slot: expected value and probability. Expected value is the average return on a slot machine based on its payouts. Probability, on the other hand, is the math behind the calculation of chance. It is crucial to understand both concepts in order to maximize your chances of winning at slot.


Twenty bugs in 2 rows and 2 colors
Includes one Counting Frame and Activity Guide
Leaf measures approximately 8"L x 4½"W.
Grades K+/Ages 5+
Not your ordinary aBUGcus-slide the bugs to count, add, subtract, make 10, and so much more! This leaf is full of ladybugs that meet Kindergarten CCSS! Twenty bugs in 2 rows and 2 colors become hands-on math tools for understanding the power of 10! Includes 4 Counting Frames and Activity Guide. Each leaf measures approximately 8"L x 4½"W. Grades K+/Ages 5+
Learning Resources Buggy Beads Counting Frame Set of 4 - B00H56X9JG


A Tribute to "PI"
A special radio show to celebrate the number "PI"
Students of several schools in Vienna will celebrate the "PI-Day" (14th of March) in a special RADIOBANDE-broadcast.The PI-Day is an inofficial holiday in honour of the mathematical constant PI which expresses the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The date of celebration is due to the first three digits 3,14 ("March 14", which is also Albert Einstein's birthday). All topics and contributions of the broadcast shall refer to PI (e.g. stories, songs and performances concerning the terms "circle", "round", "ring", "orbital", "digits of PI", "formulas of PI" and much more. - You can listen to contributions of students from the First Vienna Bilingual School Wendstattgasse, Bundesgymnasium / High School Theodor Kramer-Straße, Fachmittelschule (Middleschool) Kinzerplatz and Kooperative Mittelschule (Middleschool) Stromstraße.


Anything to the negative power is just its multiplicative inverse. K—Ar dating was instrumental in the development of the geomagnetic polarity time scale. Click on the "Show Movie" button below to view this animation. And you dig enough and you see a volcanic eruption, you see some volcanic rock right over there, and then you dig even more. Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from May
And so you know the only way this argon can exist there is by decay from that potassium K ar dating example you can look at the ratio. And so for every one of these argon's you know that there must have been 10 original potassium's. And so what you can do is you can look at the ratio of the number of potassium's there are today to the number that k ar dating example must have been, based on this evidence right over here, to actually date it. And in the next video I'll actually go through the mathematical calculation to show you that you can actually date it.
And the reason this is really useful is, you can look at those ratios. And volcanic eruptions aren't happening every day, but if you start looking over millions and millions of years, on that time scale, they're actually happening reasonably frequent. And so let's dig in the ground. So let's say this is the ground right over here.Potassium-argon (K-Ar) dating - Cosmology & Astronomy - Khan Academy
And you dig enough and you see a volcanic eruption, you see some volcanic rock right over k ar dating example, and then you dig even more.
There's another layer of volcanic rock right over there. So this is another layer of volcanic rock. So they're all going to have a certain amount of potassium in it. This is going to have some amount of potassium in it. And then let's say this k ar dating example over here has more argon This one has a little bit less.
And using the math that we're going to do in the next video, let's say you're able to say that this is, using the half-life, and using the ratio of argon that's left, or using the ratio of the potassium left to what you know was there before, you say that this must have solidified million years ago, million years before the present.
And you know that this layer right over here solidified. Let's say, you know it solidified about million years before the present. And let's say you feel pretty good that this soil hasn't been dug up and mixed or anything like that. It looks like it's been pretty untouched when you look at these soil samples right over here. And let's say you see some fossils in here.WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU FIRST MEET A GUY
Then, even though carbon dating is kind of useless, really, when you get beyond 50, years, you see these fossils in between these two periods. It's a pretty good indicator, if you can assume that this soil hasn't been dug around and mixed, that this fossil k ar dating example between million and million years old.
This event happened. The decay constant for the decay to 40 Ar is 5. Even though the decay of 40 K is somewhat complex with the decay to 40 Ca and three pathways to 40 Ar, Dalrymple and Lanphere point out that potassium-argon dating was being used to address significant geological problems by the mid 's. The energy-level diagram below is based on data accumulated by McDougall and Harrison.
For a radioactive decay which produces a single final product, the decay time can be calculated from k ar dating example amounts of the parent and daughter product by. But the decay of potassium has multiple pathwaysand detailed information about each of these pathways is necessary if potassiun-argon decay is to be used as a clock.
This information is typically expressed in terms of the decay constants. The assumptions made are When the radiometric clock was started, there was a negligible amount of 40 Ar in the sample. The rock or mineral has been a closed system since free dating websites nj starting time. The closure of the system was rapid compared to the age being determined.DATING SOMEONE WITH HUGE DEBT
K ar dating example with 39 Ar and 40 Ar depends upon the fact that the 39 K can be bombarded with neutrons in a nuclear reactor to produce an amount of 39 Ar which is proportional to the potassium content of the sample. The conventional potassium-argon dating process is technically difficult and usually is carried out by analyzing for potassium in one part of the sample and measuring 40 Ar in another.
Anything to the negative power is just its multiplicative inverse.
Potassium-argon (K-Ar) dating
So this is just the natural log of 2. So negative natural log of 1 half is just the natural log of 2 over here.
So we were able to figure out our k. It's essentially the natural log of 2 over the half-life of the substance. So we could actually generalize this if we were talking about some other radioactive substance.
And now let's think about a situation-- now that we've figured out a k-- let's think about a situation where we find in some sample-- k ar dating example let's say the potassium that we find is 1 milligram. I'm just going to make up these numbers. And usually, these aren't measured directly, and you really care about the relative amounts. But let's say you were able to figure out the potassium is 1 milligram. And let's say that the argon-- actually, I'm going to say the potassium found, and let's say the argon found-- let's say it is 0.
So how can we use this information-- in what we just figured out here, which is derived from the half-life-- to figure out how american dating french guy this sample right over here? How do we figure out how old this sample is right over there? Well, what we need to figure out-- we know that n, the amount we were left with, is this thing right over here.
So we know that we're left with 1 milligram. And that's going to be equal to some initial amount-- when we use both of this information to figure that initial amount out-- times e to the negative kt. And we know what k is. And we'll k ar dating example it out later, k ar dating example. So k is this thing right over here.
So we need to figure out what our initial amount is. We know what k is, and then we can solve for t. How old is this sample? We saw that in the last video. So if you want to think about the total number of potassiums that have decayed since this was kind of stuck in the lava. To obtain the content ratio of isotopes 40 Ar to 40 K in a rock or mineral, the amount of Ar is measured by mass spectrometry of the gases released when a rock sample is volatilized in vacuum.
The potassium is quantified by flame photometry or atomic absorption spectroscopy. The amount of 40 K is rarely measured directly. The amount of 40 Ar is also measured to assess how much of the total argon is atmospheric in origin. Both flame photometry and mass spectrometry are destructive tests, so particular care is needed to ensure that the aliquots used k ar dating example truly representative of the sample.
Ar—Ar dating is a similar technique which compares isotopic ratios from the same portion of the sample to avoid this problem. Due to the long half-life of 40 Kthe technique is most applicable for dating minerals and rocks more thanyears old.
For shorter timescales, it is unlikely that enough 40 Ar will have had time to accumulate in order to be accurately measurable. K—Ar dating was instrumental in the development of the geomagnetic polarity time scale. This is actually a mini-simulator, in that it processes a different sample each time and generates different dates.
K-Ar Processing. Limitations on K-Ar Dating The Potassium-Argon dating method is an invaluable tool for those archaeologists and paleoanthropologists studying the earliest evidence for human evolution. K ar dating example with any dating technique, there are some significant limitations. Contents 2. Introduction 3.
Superposition 4. Stratigraphy 5.


y = x + k*x*(1-x) (Equation 2.1)
We can easily solve the above equation algebraically to find y given the values for k and x. Normally, we assume a constant value for k and solve for different input values of x. For example, if k=2 and x=.5, then
y = .5 + 2 * .5 * .5 = 1
Let's conduct a mathematical experiment using this function. Instead of choosing our x-values from a range of, say, 0 to 5, let's use the function itself to choose the next value of x. In other words, given a starting 'seed' value for x (while holding k constant) we solve the equation for y, then use this result as the new value for x. We solve the equation again, and repeat the process many times. This process of 'mathematical feedback', that is, feeding the output (y) back around to the input (x), is called iteration.
What happens to y when we iterate the function as described above? To find out we will try an experiment, performing the iteration with a pocket calculator.
In the above experiment, you may have concluded that iteration is indeed a tedious process, even with the aid of a calculator. As mentioned earlier, the computer is very well suited to such tasks and with it we can make discoveries in moments that could take days or weeks using other methods. There is a program called IT that can be used to iterate our function for us and display or print the results.
IT asks for three parameters: a k-value, seed value, and iteration count. If you have a printer attached to your computer you may direct the results of the last 'n' iterations to the printer. Since it is usually the later iterations that are more significant you may wish to print only the last twenty or so, especially if the iteration count exceeds 100 or more. A sample printer output is shown in Fig. 2-3 below.
You can repeat the calculator experiments using IT. It will now take only moments to compare the results when different k or seed values are used, and you may perform the iteration thousands of times if you wish.
Fig. 2-3 A sample run of the program IT:
IT! V 1.0 D.Martin (c) 1994 EALSoft Iterations of the function: y = x + k * x * (1 - x) Seed= 0.3500000000 k= 1.9100000000 Iteration 41 0.9976991645 Iteration 42 1.0020836491 Iteration 43 0.9980955869 Iteration 44 1.0017260888 Iteration 45 0.9984235686 Iteration 46 1.0014298060 Iteration 47 0.9986949719 Iteration 48 1.0011843227 Iteration 49 0.9989195874 Iteration 50 1.0009809460
Seed value k-value Iteration Count .2 1.5 100 .4 1.5 100 .3 2.25 100 .6 2.25 100 .2 2.52 100 .4 2.52 100 .2 2.755 100 .3 2.755 1000
You may have noticed that for some values of k the iterations eventually result in a single, repeating value. For other values of k the result alternates between two values. For yet others, three, four or more values. There are some k-values for which no discernible pattern of values emerges no matter how many iterations are performed.
Look again at the results using the first two sets of parameters above. Notice that in each case the result of iteration, regardless of the seed value, approaches the value 1.0000. This number is called the 'attractor' for the function when k=1.5, because the solution seems to be 'attracted' to this number. The function may or may not have a different attractor for different values of k. For some values, such as k=2.25, the attractor is a set of two numbers. Experiment with other values for k and try to find the attractor for the function. Fig. 2-4 shows the attractor for the parameters used in Fig. 2-3.
Fig. 2-4 Attractor value for Seed = 0.35, k = 1.91
IT! V 1.0 D.Martin (c) 1994 EALSoft Iterations of the function: y = x + k * x * (1 - x) Seed= 0.3500000000 k= 1.9100000000 Iteration 216 1.0000000002 Iteration 217 0.9999999999 Iteration 218 1.0000000001 Iteration 219 0.9999999999 Iteration 220 1.0000000001 Iteration 221 0.9999999999 Iteration 222 1.0000000001 Iteration 223 0.9999999999 Iteration 224 1.0000000001 Iteration 225 0.9999999999 Iteration 226 1.0000000001 Iteration 227 0.9999999999 Iteration 228 1.0000000000 Iteration 229 1.0000000000 Iteration 230 1.0000000000 <---Attractor
So far our results do not reveal anything terribly interesting, but these experiments were necessary to gain an understanding of the next exercise.
We have seen that the equation
y = x + k*x*(1-x) (Equation 2.1)
produces an inverted parabola when we plot x versus y. We have also seen that when iteration is performed using different values for k, different attractors are found. Let's use the same data, but represent it in a different way. Rather than plotting the equation in the normal way (ie. inverted parabola), or listing the numerical values for the attractor, let's plot the attractor for the function over a range of k-values. You may try this with the IT program and a piece of graph paper if you wish, but you will again find the computer to be an essential tool. A supplemental program, called BIF, does the tedious work, leaving us with more time to study the results.
BIF was created specifically for generating bifurcation diagrams (hence the name, BIF) derived from the function
y = x + k*x*(1-x) (Equation 2.1)
We will discuss the significance of this term later in this exercise. You may run the program by entering 'BIF' at the DOS prompt. After the opening screen, you will see a display of BIF's default parameters and a command menu. See the BIF User Guide for details about program operation and program parameters.
This is where we will continue our experiments. It is important to remember that the values for k will be plotted on the x-axis of the graph, while y-values remain on the y- axis.
If you are able to output the graphs to a printer, it would be helpful to compare them side by side. Lets first consider one particular region of the graphs - the region from k=0 to k=1.5, or the left half. Can you spot a trend in this region as the iteration count increases? Look back at the results you obtained using IT with k=1.5. Remember that the attractor for k=1.5 was 1.00000? What do these graphs indicate?
What about the region to the right of k=1.5? Look again at the data you collected using IT, this time where k=2.25. Remember that the attractor alternated between two values at this point? Our graphs show only a single line. Why? The next experiment will help answer this question.
After seeing the results of step 5 in Experiment 2.4, we can conclude a number of things. One conclusion is that the region where k < 1.8 is very orderly and predictable and, consequently, somewhat boring. However, the region where k > 1.8 is far more interesting. To get a closer look at this region we can zoom in by expanding a portion of the graph. We can do this easily by changing the Left parameter to 1.8. Try it and repeat step 5 from Experiment 2.4.
Now we can discuss how BIF got its name. The graphs we have been looking at are called bifurcation diagrams. Bifurcation means 'branching' or 'splitting', and we can see that the attractor branches at various points between k=1.9 and k=2.56. This region is called the 'bifurcation region', and the branching is sometimes called 'period-doubling' because at each of these branch points the number of values in the attractor doubles.
So far we have identified two regions of the bifurcation diagram. The first we will call 'order', where k < 1.8. In this region we know that the attractor will always approach a constant value, in this case, one. The second is the bifurcation region, which we have just examined. There is a third region where k > 2.6. Here we cannot make any general statement about the behavior of our function. The attractor is disordered and unpredictable - we call this region 'chaos'. There is something very interesting about this chaotic region which we will explore in the next experiment.
You probably have noticed that the bifurcation diagram contains smaller regions that resemble the entire diagram when we zoom in on specific areas. This is a characteristic of many fractals and is called self-similarity. When we look at the bifurcation diagram from k=1.5 to k=3 we see the progression from order to bifurcation to chaos. When we magnify a small region of chaos we can see another similar progression, but on a smaller scale. The following experiment demonstrates this characteristic.
When self-similarity occurs as a result of iteration, it appears to be 'by accident'. Without prior knowledge we could not have guessed that self-similarity would occur. It was mentioned earlier that fractal geometry is the 'geometry of nature'. Self-similarity is a natural phenomenon; it occurs not only in fractals, but is also prevalent in nature from the magnificent to the minute. Consider the branching of trees or a river and its tributaries. A small flake of rock, when magnified, is indistinguishable from a boulder, and atoms might be said to resemble solar systems.
Each k-value in the ordered and bifurcation regions has a clearly discernible attractor. In the regions of chaos there is no specific, definable attractor. However, we can see that all values for y in these regions fall within a range of values. We call this, and the whole bifurcation diagram itself, a strange attractor.
As mentioned in the beginning of this section, there are many variations of the 'population equation' which will produce results similar to our 'BIF' equation. One condition is that it must be an equation for a non-linear function having a single hump in its curve.
The creators of BIF encourage you to take some time to play. You may have already discovered some regions and sets of parameters which you find especially interesting or even beautiful. Below are some suggested parameter sets which you may wish to explore.
Left 2.56 2.56 Right 2.57 2.5644 Top 1.24 1.239 Bottom 1.2363 1.237 Invisible 12 12 Visible 500 500
When experimenting with your own values be aware that some slower computers may take a very long time to complete a graph if large iteration counts are used. The maximum allowable value for Invisible and Visible is 32767. In one test in which 1000 invisible and 1000 visible iterations were performed, a 12MHz 80286 completed it in 12.5 minutes.
If time allows, run BIF with the following parameters: Left=1.8, Right=3.0, Top=1.5, Bottom=0, Invisible=100, Visible=1000. Notice that within the chaotic regions there are very clearly defined regions of order contrasting against the chaos, no matter how many visible iterations are performed.
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A forbidden word.
In the antiquated sense, a realist is someone who believes reality (in the antiquated sense) is coherent, governed by mathematical laws.
There are three kinds of realist, the classical, the modern and the post-modern.
The classical realist is someone who believes reality was created by an all-powerful, all-knowing, all-wise God, who invented the laws of reality, including the laws of nature.
The modern realist is an agnostic, who believes that nature is governed by mathematical laws, but has no idea how they got there.
The post-modern realist is an atheist who believes that natures laws are purely random. In order to reach that conclusion, the post-modern realist hypothesizes an infinity of universes, all governed by laws that come out of a dice cup, or something else more crude than a warehouse full of monkeys set to type out at random until, someday, Shakespeare's plays emerge. We just happen to exist in a universe whose laws actually make sense and whose laws give rise to intelligent life which is capable of contemplating such laws. How all these universes came to be, however, relies on quantum theory, which is a mathematical theory of nature. If this all sounds a bit like the story of the great serpent that survives by eating its tail, welcome to the club.


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An eight piece set of vintage wooden geometric shapes.
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Ladies and gentlemen, get ready to get your nerd on. Know what today is? It’s Pi Day. What’s that you say? Why, it’s March 14th. You know, 3/14.
That’s right, it’s that Pi. We’ve learned it in school. We all know it’s a crazy number. But really, what is it?
“Pi is the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of any circle. Circumference is Pi times the diameter,” says Teaching Associate Professor in the Mathematics department of Marquette University, Dr. Carl Mueller.
He says it’s a number that’s always been around, “Oh, it goes way back. Way, way, way back. Greek mathematics, I think, might have been when it started. And it’s actually a fairly straightforward fact that the circumference and the diameter of a circle always have the same ratio. And it was across cultures and not necessarily where one person discovered it and shared it with somebody else. It was something that was there to be discovered and understood.”
But what do we need it for?
Mueller explains, “Pi is used for a lot of mathematical formulas. Even things that don’t seem to include circles. There are probability questions that use pi. It is important for things like if you want to get a spacecraft to Mars, you’re going to need to know pi so that you can aim it correctly. But the number of digits that you need is surprisingly small. Computers use 15 decimal places after the three. But it’s more than enough to get you to Mars and land exactly where you want to land. If you use just those 16 digits, counting the 3, and you calculate the circumference of the Earth at the equator, because you’ve rounded off a little bit, you’ll be off by about the width of a molecule.”
Now, Pi is what’s known as an irrational number, a number that can’t be written as a simple fraction. And in its decimal form, it doesn’t end. Ever. It has an infinite number of digits after the decimal point. Those digits also don’t repeat, each digit is different one to the next.
There are people who dedicate themselves to memorizing pi, like Dr. Carl, but he’s got way more than needed.
“About 130 now, I think. It might be 140. The first hundred are burned in my brain. I learned those the summer between seventh and eighth grade, and they are just burned into my brain the way the alphabets burned into your brain,” says Mueller
And as of 2023, mathematicians and computer scientists have been able to calculate it out to over 100 trillion digits. We’ll never really need all those, but it’s a thing. It’s even in the Guinness Book of World Records.
A fun way to remember the first few digits is to remember, “May I have a large container of coffee.” Count the number of letters in each word and hey-presto, you’ve got the first 8 digits of Pi.
And how does a self-respecting mathematician celebrate this most auspicious day? Mueller says, “I don’t know that there’s a whole lot of celebrating other than probably eating something. I mean, we’re going to do some pies. I mean, that has become a thing now, the eating of pies on Pi Day. I mean, any excuse to talk about Pi, any excuse to eat pies. I mean, it all kind of ties together.”
Ah, yes, the other kind of pie.
Well, Mr. Dye, owner and baker at Mr. Dye’s Pies right here in the Third Street Market Hall says this is a big day.
“We’ve been blessed to have a lot of Pie Days during the year. This is the biggest one. There’s two national Pie Days, and this one is the biggest one. So, we definitely see an uptick in orders and interest and the phone ringing, and we do expect a lot of traffic, explains Dye.
We know what Pi is, but what is PIE with an E?
Well, according to Mr. Dye, a pie has to have some crust, “It doesn’t necessarily have to be round, but you got to get some crust going. There’s some pies that would have a crust on top and on the bottom. We also started doing a ground beef pasty. So with the ground beef onions was more savory, and that’s definitely a pie as well.
So it doesn’t need to be sweet. Interesting.
So armed with all this information, head out and get some pie and see how far YOU can memorize Pi.
Happy Pi Day, everybody.
There are plenty of places you can go to celebrate your own Pi(e) Day.
Check these celebrations out:
Lakefront Brewery: Pie and Beer Pairing
National Bakery and Deli has a wide selection of Pies
Mr. Dye’s Pies in the 3rd St. Market Hall always has a tasty selection
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Real rate and nominal rate are used to refer to rates of return on bonds. These terms represent a method of adjusting bond yields for the rate of inflation. 17 Dec 2017 The rate of return on investment is a very useful real estate metric. This is the fact that is does not take into consideration the inflation rate. The real rate of return is the actual annual rate of return after taking into consideration the factors that affect the rate like inflation and this formula is calculated by one plus nominal rate divided by one plus inflation rate minus one and inflation rate can be taken from consumer price index or GDP deflator. Inflation Adjusted Rate of Return = [ (1 + 0.096 / 1 + 0.029) – 1] X 100 = 6.51% IRR *Hint: don’t forget to change the percentages (9.6%) to decimals by dividing by 100, changing 9.6% to 0.096.
When you calculate your return, you should account for annual inflation. Calculating your real rate of return will give you an idea of the buying power your
20 Feb 2018 Inflation relates to the “purchasing power” of money – meaning the same amount Use this calculator from the Bank of Canada to see how prices have Your real rate of return is the nominal return on your investment minus Inflation; Future value; Nominal Interest Rate; Real Rate of Return. Table of Contents [show]. In computing the real rate of return, which represents inflation-adjusted compounding (or discounting), a formula is applied in which the rate of inflation ( usually 14 Nov 2012 The formula for calculating real interest rates is: Real If your returns can't outpace inflation, you're far more likely to outlive your money! Share 14 Sep 2012 The overall required return is called the money or nominal rate of return. The real and money (nominal) returns are linked by the formula: (1 + i) =
1 Oct 2017 Inflation and today's market realities bring down real rate of return is probably the most important part of your retirement planning equation.
n = nominal rate of return i = inflation rate For example, if you have a nominal rate of return of 6% on an investment in a period when inflation is averaging 2%, your real rate of return is 3.922%. Calculate the formula to determine the rate of inflation over your return period. In this example, calculate the formula to get 3 percent inflation during the year. Substitute your return and
As another example, assume a stock returned 12 percent last year and inflation was 3 percent. An approximate estimate of the real rate of return is 9 percent, or the 12 percent reported return less the inflation amount.
Real interest rate calculator helps you to find out the real, inflation-adjusted cost cost of borrowing and require investments to have a higher rate of return to be 1 Oct 2017 Inflation and today's market realities bring down real rate of return is probably the most important part of your retirement planning equation. 19 Feb 1990 underestinated the inpac! of inflation on their real rates of return. This nay be a contributing factor to the relatively high real lnterest rates during
Inflation. Inflation rate. Rate of return. Real rate of return. Return Handout 2B.1: Calculating the Annual Rate of Return—Answer Key. •. Handout 2B:2:
How to Calculate Real Return and Real Yield. The real return is simply the return an investor receives after the rate of inflation is taken into account. The math is
If you know your bond's coupon rate, its value during the year and the annual inflation rate, you can calculate both the nominal rate of return and the real rate of


Dividing by 3
Add up the digits: if the sum is divisible by three, then the number is as well. Examples:
111111: the digits add to 6 so the whole number is divisible by three.
87687687. The digits add up to 57, which is divisible by three. If you didn't know that, you could work out that 5+7=12 which is divisible by three.
Dividing by 4
Look at the last two digits. If the number formed by its last two digits is divisible by 4, the original number is as well.
3. 100 is divisible by 4 because 00 is divisible by 4.
4. 1732782989264864826421834612 is divisible by four also, because 12 is divisible by four.
Dividing by 5
If the last digit is a five or a zero, then the number is divisible by 5.
Dividing by 6
Check 3 and 2. If the number is divisible by both 3 and 2, it is divisible by 6 as well.
Dividing by 7
To find out if a number is divisible by seven, take the last digit, double it, and subtract it from the rest of the number.
Example: If you had 203, you would double the last digit to get six, and subtract that from 20 to get 14. If you get an answer divisible by 7 (including zero), then the original number is divisible by seven. If you don't know the new number's divisibility, you can apply the rule again.
Dividing by 8
Check the last three digits. Since 1000 is divisible by 8, if the last three digits of a number are divisible by 8, then so is the whole number.
Example: 33333888 is divisible by 8; 33333886 isn't.
How can you tell whether the last three digits are divisible by 8?
If the first digit is even, the number is divisible by 8 if the last two digits are. If the first digit is odd, subtract 4 from the last two digits; the number will be divisible by 8 if the resulting last two digits are. So, to continue the last example, 33333888 is divisible by 8 because the digit in the hundreds place is an even number, and the last two digits are 88, which is divisible by 8. 33333886 is not divisible by 8 because the digit in the hundreds place is an even number, but the last two digits are 86, which is not divisible by 8.
Dividing by 9
Add the digits. If they are divisible by nine, then the number is as well. This holds for any power of three.
Dividing by 10
If the number ends in 0, it is divisible by 10.
Dividing by 11
Here's an easy method.
Take any number, such as 365167484.
Add the first, third, fifth, seventh,.., digits.....3 + 5 + 6 + 4 + 4 = 22
Add the second, fourth, sixth, eighth,.., digits.....6 + 1 + 7 + 8 = 22
If the difference between the two numbers is divisible by 11 (0 is divisible by 11), then so is the number.
22 - 22 = 0 so 365167484 is evenly divisible by 11.
Dividing by 12
Check for divisibility by 3 and 4.
Dividing by 13
Kill the last digit from the given number. Then subtract nine times the deleted digit from the remaining number. If what is left is divisible by 13, then so is the original number. If you don’t know if the remaining number is divisible by 13 or not, apply the rule again.
Example: We want to find out whether 403 is divisible by 13. Remove the last digit (3), and subtract 27 from the rest of the number. We get 13, which is divisible by 13, so 403 divides 13.
Dividing by 14
A number is divisible by 14 if and only if it is an even number and divisible by 7.
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