A National University of Science and Technology (NUST) graduate in Applied Mathematics, Ray Meki Banda has authored a 288-page textbook for Advanced level Pure Mathematics.
Banda’s textbook, titled “A ‘level Pure Mathematics 1,” is awaiting approval from the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education.
In an interview with CITE, Banda said the book seeks to ignite the love and understanding of mathematics among students.
“The book is self-explanatory and can be used by both students and teachers. It is objective-based and detailed, covering all pure A ‘level mathematics topics for both Cambridge / ZIMSEC or any non-Cambridge Examination Board,” he said.
“It is a book that ignites excitement for students doing pure mathematics, as it also elaborates on sound foundational definitions, and background information on how these topics are used in the practical world apart from Mathematics, e.g. Engineering, Statistics, Systems Modelling, Trend Analysis, Underwriting in Actuarial, Decision Analysis, Population management systems so as to motivate students in knowing the fields in which mathematics is more applied at.”
Banda said he was motivated to write the textbook after realizing that many students find it difficult to love and understand mathematics. He also noted that the pass rate in A ‘level pure mathematics has been low in recent years.
“This book acts as a bridge to curb such gaps, so as to prepare students to excel in pure mathematics and as well as have solid foundation when going to tertiary education, after excelling well in their A ‘level since the textbook is tailor authored to make one a Guru in pure mathematics,” he said.
Banda is also a member of the Oxford Press Educational Research Forum (ERF) and an Actuarial Analyst student in AAC online Board.


Class of 2016
Major/Minor: Mathematics / Computer Science, Economics, Spanish
- Co-President of Math Club
- President of Sigma Delta Pi (Spanish honor society)
- Member of Zeta Tau Alpha sorority
How long have you been a tutor?
On my 5th semester
Which subjects/courses are you qualified to tutor?
Precalc, Differential Calc, Integral Calc, Multivariable Calc, Finite Math, Macro Econ, Micro Econ
What is your favorite place to go in or around Chestertown?
I love to get pasta at Procc’s!
What is your favorite place on campus?
When it’s warm outside I love to sit in Martha Washington Square- it gets some great sunshine!
What is your favorite meal in the dining hall?
I always opt for a turkey sandwich.


The numanal extension provides a number of primitives for finding the roots and minima of single variable equations, the minima of multi-variable equations, and the roots of systems of n equations in n variables.
This extension assumes that functions can be passed to it in the form of NetLogo tasks (reporters), and therefore it works only with NetLogo version 5. Several of the primitives are written to use matrix algebra and so also require the Jama Matrix class of java methods for performing linear algebra. (See http://math.nist.gov/javanumerics/jama/.) The Jama-1.0.2.jar file, distributed with this package, must be placed in the same directory as the numanal.jar file. (The same Jama-1.0.2.jar file is also bundled with the matrix extension that comes with the standard NetLogo distribution.)
For single variable equations the primitives include the Brent algorithm for finding a minimum and the Brent algorithm for finding a root. For single equations in several variables the primitives include the simplex algorithm for finding the minimum. Finally, for systems of n equations in n unknowns, the primitives include the Newton and Broyden algorithms for finding the n-dimensional root. (Note that the simplex algorithm can also be used to find the n-dimensional root of a system of n equations, as described at the end of the documentation.)
Documentation for the extension is contained in the NumAnal.pdf file that is part of the download. At some point, it will be summarized here.


for the lesson.
Pay with Savings
Use the following formula to calculate the monthly amount of the monthly amount
of savings it would take to save $1000 in 11 months. The annual saving rate is 3%.
A = Principle * rate * time
Assume that savings is calculated on 30 days per month.
The rate will be calculated on a 360-day basis.
Use the savings model to check you answer. Experiment with different rates and savings
Pay with credit
You purchased $1000 dollars in gifts on your credit card.
What is the monthly payment required to payoff the credit card within 11 months?
Using the simple interest formula calculate the annual rate.
Try calculating interest using the simple interest:
A = Principle * (1 + rate)time
The credit card model should be used for this part of the lesson.
Come up with a definition of the following terms. Put the answer in your own words.
- Revolving Agreement
- Charge Agreement
- Installment Agreement
We use credit to purchase an education, a house, a car, or gifts for our loved ones
and friends. Is there good or bad credit?
What do you think?
Type a 1 page paper (12 point Arial font -- double spaced)address the following
- List examples of purchases that you would consider putting on credit. Label them
"Good" or "Bad".
- Would you choose to save the money starting at the beginning of the year, or would
you to put your purchases on a credit card and pay the balance of over the following
- Explain your current view of credit.
This lesson is worth 10 project points.
Take a look at how credit cards work
Ready, Set, Credit.
Discuss the article with an adult or friend. Complete the read along


Math Homework Help
E-mail me your math problems, (or use my 1-800 fax number), and I'll email back the step-by-step solutions. Turnaround time is 1 to 3 hours!
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Prong 1 - Improving literacy in mathsI have already made a post with ideas and resources for this, which you can find by clicking here.
Prong 2 - Improving problem-solving skillsAs functional skills is so focussed on long, involved questions. Students need to feel confortable deciding what steps they need to take and set out their work so that they can follow it and check for mistakes.
- 3-Act Maths - I find this way of working to be an ideal way to introduce problem-solving to students in a non-threatening way. Starting with just the actual question and no constraints, variables or other information means that problems don't even look mathematical at first and students feel free to take guesses, make assumptions and bring in outside knowledge. Getting students to work out 'the information they would like in order to work out the answer' means that, when you bring those variables in, they are no longer confusing and unclear, but are now the very tools the students were asking for. I've used 3Acts from Dan Meyer's list, problems over at Finding Ways to Nguyen, and picture and video prompts from 101qs. I also sometimes just take a book question, skip all the set-up to the question and just ask the actual question (e.g. How long would it take me to cycle to Edinburgh? Can we get enough rain-water from the college roof to have toilets that run on the recycled water? etc.).
- Structuring of workings out - e.g. using the problem scaffolder from the previous post on literacy. The idea of this is to help students to think clearly about the steps they are making and what they are trying to calculcate from each step.
- Discussion of problem-solving strategies - I made some posters last year which I have up on the wall. Before tackling a problem I ask "which strategy could we use here? Why will that help?", when students are stuck I ask "which strategies have you tried? which might you try next?", when they finish I ask "which strategies did you use? did anybody use a different strategy?" Getting students to a point where they're comfortable with using these strategies and are starting to get a feel for when each one is applicable can only help their confidence when faced with a difficult problem.
- Problem Posing - I originally got this idea from Matt Ives (blog post about it here). Basically the idea is to move focus away from getting the answer and move it on to thinking about the steps you would take and what information you would need. Matt Ives' way of achieving this: don't have any numbers, so pupils can't work out the answer, instead rewarding students who work out the steps they would hypothetically take to find the solution. He has a whole raft of them here on scribd and they've worked very well in the past, once students get away from trying to find an answer.
Prong 3 - Improving mathematical skills
- Regular lessons - In amongst the literacy and problem-focused lessons, I will also include regular skills lessons. These will come before more complicated problems that involve these skills (along with others) so that students get to see them in context.
- Starters and Homework - I will also include general basic skill revision in lesson starters and homeworks.
- Fill in the blanks on calculation tables are a great way to make repetitive practice of a skill more interesting. I wrote a post about it here.
Prong 4 - Putting it together (and improving clear working)
- Exam questions - The previous prongs will then be put in to practice when we do past-paper questions in class and for homework. I will link the problems to the work we have done on literacy and problem solving and discuss the skills that will be needed to solve the question.
- 3-Act questions rewritten as past paper questions and vice-versa - After solving a 3-Act problem, I will show a version of how I think it would look like in an exam paper. Hopefully this should make students feel empowered that they've just solved such a difficult-looking question and will help them see the link between the problem-based lessons and the actual exams. After practicing an exam problem I will get students to try to imagine how it would look as a 3-act problem. Not only does this reinforce the link between the two, but help students decide which part is the question, the constraints, the variables, etc.
- Peer marking - Will help students to see the importance of clear and methodical working as well as to think about different problem-solving strategies that others have used in their working.
Secret prong 5 - Improving EngagementOverarching all of this is what I feel that I actually do best as a teacher, which is to show students that maths can be enjoyable and engaging. I achieve this in the following ways:
- Improving accessibility - 3-Act maths are great for this, as are other rich tasks, and the fill-in-the-blanks calculation tables. This is because of the multiple entry points to the questions, and the lack of immediate reading and comprehension required. If students' literacy can be improved, then the more wordy questions will become less and less daunting.
- Improving confidence - As students get more and more comfortable with multi-step problems they will see that there are things that they can achieve in maths. This never becomes obvious to students who only practice the basic, underlying skills, no matter how good they get at them.
- Improving relevancy - By this I don't necessarily mean 'real' maths, but I mean maths that students can imagine themselves using in their lives. This is where are a focus on problem-solving strategies can be helpful, because even though the problem itself might not relate strongly to them, being able to use the strategies is applicable by anyone.
- The strength of my sparkling personality? ...


Volume-Weighted Average Price with Bands
VWAP is the volume-weighted average price for a futures contract plotted as a line on the price chart. The calculation is the sum of traded volume, multiplied by the price, divided by the sum of the traded volume.
This study has a number of uses. It provides the current volume-weighted average price for the trading day or the trading session.
We have added Standard Deviation Bands to the VWAP indicator. VWAP2 has an upper and a lower band where VWAP3 has two upper and two lower bands. The Standard Deviation Factor of these bands can be set in the parameters.
If you are interested how the programming of this indicator via the toolbox works, please review this article.


It’s almost time for pi! As Pi Day – or 3/14 – approaches, discover STEM Jobs-approved activities to engage students in celebrating 3.14.
Always an exciting day for mathematics enthusiasts, March 14 has been gaining mainstream popularity over the last few years as more people become fascinated with the numerical representation of the day: 3/14. Valued at 3.14159, the number represents a circle’s ratio of circumference to diameter. Perfect for teaching students through fun and games, the irrational number has no end, nor does it repeat, which is one of its fascinating qualities. Teach students about this fun concept and spark deeper interest in math with these Pi Day activities that will satisfy their hunger for learning!
Pi Birthday Connections
Challenge students to find their birthday within pi. Websites such as MyPiDay.com allow users to find any date within the infinite number. Perform this activity at the end of day or before lunch, as once students begin plugging in their own birthdays, they will want to discover more dates within pi!
A Few Rounds of Pi Ball
As the ultimate Pi Day resource, PiDay.org offers plenty of information regarding how to celebrate the occasion, including a unique game called Pi Ball! Ideal for teachers who are permitted to take the classroom outdoors, Pi Ball requires a little planning, but it’s also a lot of fun!
Whether watching “Jeopardy!” as a family or heading to a local hangout to take part in game night, trivia has become a beloved pastime and helpful way to teach. Develop your own Pi Day game to play in class. Prior to March 14, ask students to prepare by researching origins of, uses for and unknown facts regarding pi and the day it’s celebrated. Students will become extremely excited about playing the game and might soon forget they are learning!
Ode to Pi
Younger students will love TeachPi.org‘s suggestion of having kids sing the praises of pi through composing their own songs or “Pi-kus.” Study the basics of pi before children start creating their own works and encourage them to include as many characteristics of the concept within the finished piece as possible.
Get Your Own Pi Slice
If you need a Pi Day refresher before the classroom celebrations commence, you’ll need fun and engaging resources to brush up on your own skills. Catch up with our partner-in-STEM Danica McKellar, whose fun, yet more adult-appropriate, videos and explanations of pi will have you prepared for the big 3.14 on March 14!
Pi Day’s March 14 celebration is one of many STEM observances that occur throughout the year. Mark your calendar and celebrate these other math holidays. Don’t forget to share your Pi Day activities and track other celebrations on social media using hashtags such as #PiDay and #PiDay2017 to fully observe this festive mathematical occasion!


SudoKount⁵ is a number placement puzzle inspired by Sudoku and magic squares in which you must solve 5x5 grids filled with numbers from 1 to 5 so that the sum of each row and column is equal to the same value called
. The value the sum of each row and column must be equal to depend on the grid to solve. This value can be 10, 11, 12 or 13. In SudoKount⁵, you have exactly 100 seconds to solve as many grids as you can.
Every grid starts fully filled with numbers from 1 to 5 with the sum of each row and column greater than the goal . Numbers can then be flipped to remove them from the sum of their rows and columns or flipped back to reintegrate them to the sum. When the sum of all rows and columns are equal to the goal , a new grid with another goal is generated.
● Easy to learn
● Fast to play, only 100 seconds per game
● Compete with your Facebook friends
● Brain challenging and addictive
SudoKount⁵ is a free software application from the Puzzle & Word Games subcategory, part of the Games & Entertainment category.
The app is currently available in English and it was last updated on 2016-11-05. The program can be installed on Android.
SudoKount⁵ (version 1.1.0) is available for download from our website.
Just click the green Download button above to start. Until now the program was downloaded 0 times.
We already checked that the download link to be safe, however for your own protection we recommend that you scan the downloaded software with your antivirus.


Cool and Calculating
In several previous articles, I've shared how important and pervasive fractal geometry is in the natural world all around us. We take for granted that the discovery of this intriguing branch of mathematics is a purely modern phenomenon, made possible only by the advent of powerful enough computers. These computers were necessary in order to produce the first stunning image of what we know of as the Mandelbrot Set (see thumbnail picture at right). But in the relatively recent past, information has come to light that questions the modernity of this mathematical wonder. In fact, the painstaking, diligent search conducted by an obscure monk over 700 years ago shows that the knowledge of fractal geometry is by no means new to our time. In fact, this personage who was so devoted to the ascetic life was on the threshold of unlocking the mathematics that describe the phenomena of our natural world.
You see, this unassuming 13th century German monk, whose name was Udo of Aachen, became very interested in devising a method for determining who would reach heaven. His findings were detailed in a work entitled Salus (Salvation). He began his quest with the understanding that man was composed of two parts he called profanus (profane) and animi (spiritual). But our good monk Udo was also fascinated with probabilities and mathematics, so he strived to develop a mathematical model for showing the progression of souls towards or away from the celestial realm. Therefore, he proceeded to represent these two parts of humanity via pairs of numbers. As he visualized the lives of people, he saw them either approaching Infinity or moving away through numerous trials in the course of their lifetimes. His task, then, was to find a way of representing this via pairs of numbers.
Accentuating the Positive, Eliminating the Negative?
As Udo worked on this problem, he developed rules for drawing and manipulating these pairs of numbers. In so doing, and without actually knowing it, he devised the rules for complex arithmetic. The spiritual and profane parts of humanity corresponded to what we now know of as the real and imaginary numbers of modern mathematics. The result of Udo's work with these numbers was an equation surprisingly similar to the one now used to plot the familiar image we know of today as the Mandelbrot Set. Udo's monastic life enabled him to devote the many, many hours, days, weeks, months, even years, that it took to calculate the path of each "soul", as represented by number pairs on a grid, and determine whether the soul was going to advance or descend. The result of this painstaking work was an image he called the Divinitas, or "Godhead". The illustration shown in Udo's Codex Udolphus bears a striking resemblance to a crudely drawn Mandelbrot Set image.
Lost Tragically in a Schism Chasm
So why did it take over 700 years for us in the modern world to learn of Udo's incredible discoveries? Well, as it turns out, Udo worked with a colleague by the name of Thelonius, and the two of them got into a heated disagreement over what the unique image represented. Udo was of the opinion that it represented the Divine, but Thelonius was adamant in his position that the unusual mathematical depiction represented the opposite. Thelonius asserted that all the points (souls) that escaped into infinity were the ones ascending, while those that did not were those trapped below. At the height of this intense dispute, the monastery abbot was obliged to step in and halt it. He reprimanded the two men, and then forbade any further work concerning the Divinitas. With great sadness, Udo ceased his pursuit, but not before leaving clues throughout his works. These clues enabled contemporary researchers to discover the astonishing feat achieved by this diligent monk hundreds of years ago.
For Further Reading:
- "The Benedictine Order: a Historical Miscellany", edited by Rose M Wolanski, Springer-Verlag, 1965.
- "Carmina Burana, Frequently Asked Questions", by Charles Cave.
- "O froehliche Weihnacht", ms. circa 1250 AD, Aachener Dombibliothek, acquisition nr. GM801-237, Blatt 1a. Photograph by Bob Schipke.
- "Chaos: making a new science", James Gleick, Abacus Books, 1989.
- Schipke, R.J. and Eberhardt, A. "The forgotten genius of Udo von Aachen", Harvard Journal of Historical Mathematics, 32, 3 (March 1999), pp 34-77.
- "Buffon's Needle, an Analysis and Simulation" by George Reese.
- II Chronicles, iv, 2: "Also he made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass ... and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about" (Authorized King James Version).
- Lyrics, translated by William Mann, to Orff's "Carmina Burana (Cantiones profanae)", EMI recording SAN 162, 1965.
- Oliver W Sacks, "Migraine: Evolution of a Common Disorder", University of California Press, 1970.
- "Edgar Allan Poe's Eureka: I Have Found It!" by David Grantz; at The Poe Decoder, Poe analysis site by Christoffer Nilsson.
- Girvan, Ray, The Mandelbrot Monk, April 1, 1999. .
Image credit: LariAnn Garner


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Genstat provides a huge range of data procedures, data management, and graphical capabilities. It has powerful spreadsheet facilities for data storage and manipulation and an attractive graphics viewer that allows users to edit and interact with their plots.
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Generate reports, including information in non-English languages such as Chinese and Thai
Summarize and compare data with tabular reports, fitted distributions, and standard tests, such as t-tests and various non parametric tests
Analyse experiments, ranging from one-way analysis of variance to complex designs with several sources of error variation, using a balanced-ANOVA or a REML approach (including the modelling of correlation structures)
Model relationships between variables by linear or nonlinear regression, generalized linear models, generalized additive models, generalized linear mixed models or hierarchical generalized linear models
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Statistical Regression analysis provides an equation that explains the nature and relationship between the predictor variables and response variables. For a linear regression analysis, following are some of the ways in which inferences can be drawn based on the output of p-values and coefficients.
While interpreting the p-values in linear regression analysis in statistics, the p-value of each term decides the coefficient which if zero becomes a null hypothesis. A low p-value of less than .05 allows you to reject the null hypothesis. This could mean that if a predictor has a low p-value, it could be an effective addition to the model as the changes in the value of the predictor are directly proportional to the changes in the response variable.
Significance of Regression Coefficients for curvilinear relationships and interaction terms are also subject to interpretation to arrive at solid inferences as far as Regression Analysis in SPSS statistics is concerned.
Height is a linear effect in the sample model provided above while the slope is constant. But if your sample requires polynomial or interaction terms, it cannot be intuitive interpretation. In general, polynomial terms structure curvature while interaction terms show how the predictor values are interrelated.
A significant polynomial term makes interpretation less intuitive as the effect of changes made in the predictor depends on the value of that predictor. The same way, a significant interaction term denotes that the effect of the predictor changes with the value of any other predictor too. While interpreting regression analysis, the main effect of the linear term is not solely enough. Fitted line plots are necessary to detect statistical significance of correlation coefficients and p-values. They should be coupled with a deeper knowledge of statistical regression analysis in detail when it is multiple regression that is dealt with, also taking into account residual plots generated.
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for this you have to see the molecule of sugar. and calculate number of moles.
The formula of sugar , sucrose C12H22O11 , molar mass = 342
According to above molecular formula.
Now lets calculate the number of moles in 10 grams of sugar.
Number of moles = given mass / molar mass
Number of moles = 10 /342
Number of moles = 0.02923
Now 1 molecule of sugar has = 12 carbon atoms
So 1 mole of sugar = 12 moles of carbon atoms
Number of moles of carbon = 12 x 0.02923
= 0.351 moles
Now number of Carbon atoms = number of moles of carbomson X Avogadro njmber
Number of C- atoms = 0.351 x 6.022×1023
= 2.114 x 1023


Equation (10.6) presents the calculation of Ftlim (kgf). Quantum yield calculation The photochemical quantum yield (Φ) is an important parameter to characterize the photoreduction performance. You can use these bond yield formula calculator. Bond Yield Calculator. We can repeat this process to come up with the dividend at any point in the future. Bi-weekly Payment Calculator D2 = D1 x (1 + g)D2 = [D0 x (1 + g) x (1 + g) D2 = D0 x (1 + g) 2. It would then be: Total no. $1,000,000 / (1+0.03)20= $553,675.75 Expected Return Calculator APY refers to annual interest yield and it’s a measurement which you can use to determine which is the most profitable deposit account you have or whether your investment will yield a good return. Size of release can be measured in terms of a line of code (LoC). Currency Converter Holding Period Return Calculator Thus, the yield results are presented as G/S-X (X = 3, 3ene, 3OH, and total, Fig. Chances are, you will not arrive at the same value. This APY calculator is a handy tool which helps you solve for the actual interest you earn on a given investment over the course of a year. Annuity Calculator, Credit Card Payoff Calculator Circuit yield as a function of the normalized parameter range (P max - P min)/2s. In the absence of any capital gains, the dividend yield is the return on investment for a stock. Mortgage Tax Saving Calculator Current Stock Price - The current stock trading price; Discount Rate (%) - Sometimes called the guaranteed return - "what you could earn annually elsewhere". 1) Below is "Roll yield" calculation using excel for each Line1-Line4 Margin and Markup Calculator 1); where G/S-total represents the total amount of G/S-3, G/S-3ene, and G/S-3OH. Required Minimum Distribution Groove Pitch p= 40 mm The length of drum with groove L0： L0 =H*m/π/D0*p+z1*p Where： H—Lifting height=20.5m Dividend yield is a calculation of the amount (in dollars) of a company’s current annual dividend per share divided by its current stock price: Current annual dividend per share/current stock price For example: A company that pays $2 in dividends on an annual basis with a stock price of $60 has a dividend yield of 3.33%. The defect density (D 0) of a process is the number of defects per die that are large enough to become killer defects per unit area. 3 Yield and Yield Management Product Metric Best Score Average Score Worst Score Memory CMOS Logic MSI Line Yield Die Yield Line Yield Die Yield Line Yield Die Yield 98.8 93.6 97.2 78.6 91.2 56.7 93.0 77.4 89.8 71.1 77.9 49.5 87.1 52.8 77.8 48.6 65.9 43.1 * 2Q mask layers, ~1m feature size, 0.5sq. Once you've determined the dividend growth rate, g, you can find next year's dividend, D1, as D0 X (1 + g), where D0 equals the actual (current) level of dividends. P0 = the stock price at time 0. | Other Apps | Having said this, what is the formula for dividend payout in 2 periods? Where D0 = the dividend paid during period 0 . P = price 2. Financial Ratios, Home Affordablility Calculator Load factor for a single flight can also be calculated by dividing the number of passengers by the number of seats. Introduction. Kp = D0/P0 D0= Dividend (generally at a fixed rate); P0= Price of preference share. Operating Revenue Revenues received from total airline operations including scheduled and non-scheduled service. D0 = just paid or annual dividend D1 = next year, future, expected D1 = D0( 1+g) D 0(1+ g)t +1 DT = kg Geometric Average: Coupon Rate = 6% 3. Use this online calculator to figure out die yield using Murphy's model. Usually, percent yield is lower than 100% because the actual yield is often less than the theoretical value. Notes. Fill in the form below and click the … Be sure that actual and theoretical yields are both in the same units so that units cancel in the calculation. Cancel Share. Equation. This method also uses the present value of a growing perpetuity formula and rearranges the formula to calculate the required rate of return. The bond pays out $21 every six months, so this means that the bond pays out $42 every year. dividend yield ratio calculator: dividend yield ratio formula: how to calculate dividend yield ratio: dividend yield ratio: price dividend ratio: dividend yield ratio interpretation: highest dividend per share: dividend ratio formula: stock yield ratio: stocks with low pe ratios and high dividends: dividend yield … Yield Analysis and Optimization Puneet Gupta Blaze DFM Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA firstname.lastname@example.org Evanthia Papadopoulou IBM TJ Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights, NY, USA email@example.com In this chapter, we are going to discuss yield loss mechanisms, yield analysis and common physical design methods to improve yield. Let's say that in the latest year Amalgamated Anything paid $2.50 a share in dividends. Black Scholes Calculator You can use this Black-Scholes Calculator to determine the fair market value (price) of a European put or call option based on the Black-Scholes pricing model. Current Yield (%): Simple yield based upon current trading price and face value of the bond. For property investment In property investing, the annual rental yield that you receive from your investment property is one of the most important factors in determining your total return. This may not be a useful guide to the likely future return from an investment in the company. If they don't currently have an account, you will have the option to invite them. The stress-strain diagram for a steel rod is shown and can be described by the equation ε=0.20(1e-06)σ+0.20(1e-12)σ3 where s in kPa. Find the bond yield if the bond price is $1600. APR Calculator You can help improve this article by. Salary Increase Calculator The rental yield calculator allows you to work out the gross and net rental yields on any individual property or the entire portfolio of your lettings business. Postcode. Tax Equivalent Yield Calculator We really need to calculate the Internal Rate of Return , which takes into account when the coupon is paid and assumes it is reinvested into the same bond to benefit from compound interest. Yield is defined as an income-only return on investment (it excludes capital gains Capital Gains Yield Capital gains yield (CGY) is the price appreciation on an investment or a security expressed as a percentage. Black-Scholes Option Calculator, Tip Calculator You'll need to know the die size, wafer diameter, and defect density. substrate with 10 nm gate oxide and a threshold voltage of 150 mV, find the spread of the oxide thickness corresponding to a threshold variation of 20 mV. Businesses often use time as the standard input measure. Example: In the reaction below we calculated a theoretical yield of 1 mol, and obtained an actual yield of 0.55 mol. Net Yield % YP. APR Advanced Calculator 401k Contribution Calculator Please save your calculation before printing, and then print it from the 'Saved Calculations' section . Return On Investment (ROI) Calculator 1. Enter the email address of the user you'd like to share this calculation with. M = maturity value 3. r = annual yield divided by 2 4. n = years until maturity times 2 The above formula is the one we use in our calculator to calculate the discount to face value every half-year throughout the duration of the bond's term. r = the required return on the stock. P = M / (1+r)n variable definitions: 1. Die Yield Calculator. Dividend yield is a method used to measure the amount of cash flow you're getting back for each dollar you invest in an equity position. of modules = 30/5 = 6. How to calculate Defect Density. In other words, it's a measurement of how much bang for your buck you're getting from dividends. Investment Income Calculator Gross Dividend Yield = D0 divided by P0. Sources of revenue include passenger, cargo, excess baggage and certain other transport-related revenue. Step 2: Calculation of bond yield =$126/$2000; Bond Yield will be – =0.063 we have considered in percentages by multiplying with 100’s =0.063*100; Bond Yield = 6.3%; Here we have to identify that if the bond price increase, the bond yield decrease. Current Bond Trading Price ($) - The price the bond is trading at today. A formula to measure Defect Density: Defect Density = Defect count/size of the release. To calculate current yield, we must know the annual cash inflow of the bond as well as the current market price. Call and Put Option Price Formulas. This video shows you how to calculate the theoretical and percent yield in chemistry. The manufacturing process would produce an average of 9.5 hard drives per hour. Face Value = $1300 2. We can start with the current yield calculation, as that will be a much easier task. Defect density Formula with calculation example: Example #1: For a particular test cycle there are 30 defects in 5 modules (or components). Auto Lease Calculator, Stock Return Calculator Like interest payments are a fixed obligation for debt finance, dividends are a fixed obligation for preference share capital. 1. Discount Points Calculator Social Security Estimator Fixed vs Adjustable Rate Calculator Defects that are small enough to not cause operational issues are not taken into account in this value. The dividend payout ratio is the proportion of earnings paid out as dividends to shareholders, typically expressed as a percentage. To estimate the current income level from shares we can calculate the gross dividend yield (which means that it is calculated free of tax). The current yield is the coupon rate or interest divided by the current price. Semiconductor yield may be defined as the fraction of total input transformed into shippable output (Cunningham, Spanos, & Voros, 1995). Retirement Income Analysis Suppose, you have 3 modules integrated into your software product. Problem: For an NMOS aluminum gate transistor on a 10 16 cm-3. If you want to customize the colors, size, and more to better fit your site, then pricing starts at just $29.99 for a one time purchase. Comments. Follow this step-by-step guide and you will be able to calculate limiting reagent, theoretical yield, and percent yield. It's possible for percent yield to be over 100%, which means more sample was recovered from a reaction than predicted. Stock Non-constant Growth Calculator This percent yield calculator helps you understand how to properly solve for percent yield using the percent yield formula. See the current yield calculator for more. Calculation of yield and selectivity: Since the G and S monomers with the same substituent group are produced simultaneously and the mass ratio of G/S is fixed at around 2, we combined them in the calculation. including defect density (yield), major equipment production rates, wafer throughput time, and effective new process introduction to manufacturing, vary by factors of 3 to as much as 5 across an international sample of 28 fabs. CAPM Calculator Finding the percent yield using the percent yield equation or this calculator is important, especially in terms of synthetic lab work and other chemistry-related processes. The density would be: Total no. All Rights Reserved www.fncalculator.com, Weighted Average Cost of Capital Calculator. Step 1:… Credit Card Minimum Calculator, Auto Loan Calculator The yield to maturity amortizes a premium or discount over the remaining life of the bond. This is because this yield to maturity calculation is an estimate. Yet, unlike current yield, YTM accounts for the present value of a bond's future coupon payments. Traditional IRA vs Roth IRA Measuring Productivity. The formulas for d1 and d2 are: Original Black-Scholes vs. Merton’s Formulas. IRR NPV Calculator Call option (C) and put option (P) prices are calculated using the following formulas: … where N(x) is the standard normal cumulative distribution function. Share Calculation . Assume that none of the substances were wasted during the process and no by-products are produced, then your percent yield is 100 percent, which is almost impossible to achieve. It uses Dividends per Share to run valuations and allows you to change options around perpetual modelling. upper D 0 … Stock DDM Base Parameters. Percent Yield: Calculating the percent yield helps you to know the effectiveness of your performed reaction. Retirement Savings Analysis WACC Calculation with Practical Example Rule of 72 Calculator Both 1 and especially 2 require knowledge of the price of the bond. The required parameters for calculating the gross die per wafer are the die size, the edge exclusion and the wafer size. Date Calculator Weighted Average Cost of Capital Calculator The die size is the stepping distance on the wafer and not the size of the die after saw. Unit Conversion Dividend yield was only added by Merton in Theory of Rational Option Pricing, 1973. If they don't currently have an account, you will have the option to invite them. Here is an example calculation for the purchase price of a $1,000,000 face value bond with a 10 year duration and a 6% annual interest rate. Enter Die Dimensions (width, height) as well as scribe lane values (horizontal and vertical). Mutual Fund Fee Calculator Yield to Maturity (Estimated) (%): The estimated yield to maturity using the shortcut equation explained below, so you can compare how the quick estimate would compare with the converged solution. The dividend yield calculator exactly as you see it above is 100% free for you to use. D1 = the next dividend (i.e. The dividend yield is the percentage of your investment that a stock will pay you back in the form of dividends. Cancel Share. In most cases, for most small businesses, you can use a basic formulas, such as Y = (I)(G) + (I)(1-G)(R), to calculate yield. Since dividends are paid out of after-tax profits, they do not entail any tax shield benefits. After rearranging the formula, it is shown as. Annual Return Annual Dividend Income Total Dividend Payments Over 20 Years Yield On Cost; $1,335,199.74: 167.04%: 8.35% Pitch diameter d0 25-3200mm Tangential speed v 25m/s or slower Rotational speed n 3600 rpm or slower (1) Conversion Formulas . Check the validity of your calculation. This may seem confusing to a lot of people which is why it’s better to use the percent yield calculator to perform the calculations. Effective Rate Calculator Defect density (D0) is the number of killer defects per unit area (typically cm²). Calculate the product yield by adding the number of good units and reworked units available for sale. file. It completely ignores the time value of money, frequency of payment and amount value at the time of maturity. More Loan Calculators, Retirement Planner Using this tool, enter an investment property purchase price and rent (per week or month), and you will see the annual rental yield. Rental yield calculator. The light intensity in the effective range (280 to 450 nm) was estimated from the measured light spectrum of the 300 W Xe lamp with an AM1.5 filter in this work (Fig. D0 = the current dividend: D1 = the next dividend (i.e. Asset Allocation Calculator The dividend yield is essentially the return on investment for a stock without any capital gains. The dividend yield is essentially the return on investment for a stock without any capital gains. Fuel Calculator Required Return Rate (r)%. Bond Price = $1600 Solution: Here we have to understand that this calculation completely depends on annual coupon and bond price. If the sawn die size is known, add the saw alley width to calculate the die size. Example #2: A different perspective would be, say, there are 30 defects for 15KLOC. Still, if you want to do the calculation by hand, you should use the percent yield equation: percent yield = (experimental mass of the desired product / theoretical mass of … Because the calculation of Capital Gain Yield involves the market price of a security over time, it can be used to analyze the fluctuation in the market price of a security. A $10,000 face value bond with a 6-percent coupon pays $600 per yield in interest. Interest Only Calculator, © Copyright 2012-2017 Calculation results ： (1)Structure of drum Dia. Reasons for this can include incomplete or competing reactions and loss of sample during recovery. It also calculates the current yield of a bond. Reader Interactions. If a bond has a face value of $1300. Defects that are small enough to not cause operational issues are not taken into account in this value. Hourly to Salary Calculator Loan Refinance Calculator Contact Us, TVM Calculator High yield is the rate calculated by comparing the amount of money the company is paying to its shareholders against the market value of the security in which the shareholders invest. The percent yield formula is a way of calculating the annual income-only return on an investmentReturn on Investment (ROI)Return on Investment (ROI) is a performance measure used to evaluate the returns of an investment or to compare efficiency between different investments. Actual yield is the amount of product you actually got while theoretical is the maximum possible yield. Decide whether you are satisfied with the estimate or if you need more precise information. College Savings Calculator Net Distribution Calculator Filed Under: Articles. ... 3 enter the net yield. Therefore, the annualized dividend growth rate calculation using the compounded growth method will be. It also calculates and plots the Greeks – Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Rho. Loan Comparison Calculator Calculating percent yield actually involves a series of short calculations. In other words, it's a measurement of how much bang for your buck you're getting from dividends. Working out the redemption yield using a calculator My approximation of the redemption yield won’t be miles off, but the longer the bond has left to run, the more inaccurate it gets. Yield calculations are common in chemistry. To calculate Dividend high yield, we require a dividend amount and stock price. Using an estimated dividend of $2.12 at the beginning of 2019, the investor would use the dividend discount model to calculate a per-share value of $2.12/ (.05 - … 1) Enter thread diameter nominal value in section Thread Size.Click on info button for more info. US Health Savings Account Calculator, Loan Calculator 401k Save the Max Calculator Dividend yield is a stock's annual dividend payments to shareholders expressed as a percentage of the stock's current price. iSine is your complete resource for ASIC design - from concept to manufacturing and testing. Sometimes when investors say that they want to calculate the "dividend" on their stocks, what they're actually referring to is the "dividend yield." Rent vs Buy Calculator at time 1) g = the growth rate in dividends: r = the required return on the stock: P0 = the stock price at time 0 You can use this Bond Yield to Maturity Calculator to calculate the bond yield to maturity based on the current bond price, the face value of the bond, the number of years to maturity, and the coupon rate. And the interest promised to pay (coupon rated) is 6%. iPhone/iPad Defect Density Example. Years to Maturity - The numbers of years until bond maturity. Enter the email address of the user you'd like to share this calculation with. Discount and Tax Calculator Fig. Dividend yield can be thought of as an "interest rate" on a stock. Compound Interest Calculator Depending on the wafer diameter and edge Loss area, the maximum number of Dies and wafer map will be automatically updated. Because dividends are paid quarterly, many investors will take the last quarterly dividend, multiply it by four, and use the product as the annual dividend for the yield calculation. Yield modeling has been used for many years in the semiconductor industry. Bond Calculator Of wire rope d=36 mm Dia. Click the "Customize" button above to learn more! Retirement Calculator Stock Constant Growth Calculator Solved: Hi, Will like to calculate production roll yield. In this article we looked at the debt yield calculation, discussed how it compares to the DSCR and the LTV ratios, and finally looked at an example of how the debt yield can provide a relative measure of risk. Die Yield Calculator. Ending Balance Total Return Avg. Yield is a key process performance characteristic in the capital-intensive semiconductor fabrication process. To calculate this figure, divide RPMs by ASMs. NPTEL provides E-learning through online Web and Video courses various streams. Bond Face Value/Par Value ($) - The par value or face value of the bond. Current Yield to Maturity Calculator Inputs. Dividend yield is a method used to measure the amount of cash flow you're getting back for each dollar you invest in an equity position. Yield Modeling Calculations TI_CAL. Of drum D= 800 mm The standard of groove shape: International standard. Historically, the term “yield model” has referred to the mathematical representation of the effect of randomly distributed “defects” on the percentage of the integrated circuits (or dice) on a wafer that are “good.”. View Finance Formula sheet from FINANCE 3000 at Baruch College, CUNY. D0 = Value of dividend paid this year. On the secondary market, you cannot calculate yield to maturity because it is composed of two parts: (1) interest paid and (2) difference between maturity return of principal and what you paid for it. ROI measures the return of an investment relative to the cost of the investment. Android | A higher dividend yield is often considered to be desirable among many investors but it needs to be interpreted in light of the rest of the company's financials. Equation (10.6) can be converted into stress by Equation (10.7) (kgf/mm2). DD per module is 6. at time 1) g = the growth rate in dividends. Adjustable Rate Calculator g = Growth rate of dividend. Business Forecast Calculator START YOUR BUSINESS BUSINESS IDEAS (You can enter decimals to … The defect density (D0) of a process is the number of defects per die that are large enough to become killer defects per unit area. This page was last modified on 28 January 2019, at 13:42. https://en.wikichip.org/w/index.php?title=defect_density&oldid=86365, This article is still a stub and needs your attention. 2.1.3 Drum parameter calculation, Strength calculation and stability calculation. Uses for Production Rate. Property Address. Commercial Loan Calculator The dividend discount model valuation calculator allows customization with a few advanced options. Calculating your rental yield will help you see if your property is a good investment, and you might need it if you’re considering a buy to let mortgage. US Inflation Calculator which is the dividend yield + growth rate. Plug the yield to maturity back into the formula to solve for P, the price. Loan Analysis Calculator Save File to Calculation . Percentage Calculator US Paycheck Tax Calculator Town/City. … of defects/Total no. and P0 = the share price of the stock at the end of time period 0. 2) In section Head Size and Type either select one fastener ISO with the "Select Standard for Type" option or enter manually the type and whether the fastener is socket or not in the right part of the page, once you have selected Custom option.. 3) Enter strength class of the fastener. Use this form to calculate the gross die per wafer and net yield at the wafer level. Cancel Save New Update. Price (P0) D0 = the current dividend. If Fictional Computers has a 5 percent defect rate in its hard drive manufacturing process, the production rate calculation would look like this: R p = 10(1-0.05) = 10(0.95) = 9.5. Managers evaluate the productivity of a process by measuring the number of finished products, known as outputs, against the time, materials and energy – the inputs – needed to create them. If the bond paying $600 per year costs $10,500, the current yield is 5.71 percent. Use this Die Yield Calculator to determine how many good die you can expect from a wafer. Defects per unit area ( typically cm² ) account in this value repeat this process to come with..., 3ene, 3OH, and then print it from the 'Saved calculations ' section defects. A formula to calculate the die size, the maximum possible yield speed! Diameter and edge Loss area, the edge exclusion and the interest promised pay. Using the compounded growth method will be able to calculate the gross die per wafer and net yield at wafer... The size of the price dividend ( i.e G/S-X ( X = 3, 3ene, 3OH, then! For the present value of a line of code ( LoC ) and non-scheduled service any... Is often less than the theoretical value shareholders, typically expressed as a.! And the interest promised to pay ( coupon rated ) is the maximum yield. '' on a 10 16 cm-3 same value only added by Merton in Theory of Rational Pricing! Of release can be converted into stress by equation ( 10.6 ) presents calculation! Current price be able to calculate limiting reagent, theoretical yield, we know... Payout ratio is the return of an investment in the same value of years until bond maturity non-scheduled service D0... ) enter thread diameter nominal value in section thread Size.Click on info button for more info current. Until bond maturity as you see it above is 100 %, which means more was! Shield benefits lane values ( horizontal and vertical ) the dividend yield is lower than 100 because... Murphy 's model yield in interest presents the calculation 1600 Solution: Here we have to understand that calculation. Resource for ASIC design - from concept to manufacturing and testing NMOS aluminum gate transistor on a 10 cm-3...: Original Black-Scholes vs. Merton ’ s Formulas future coupon payments of as an `` rate. Average of 9.5 hard drives per hour can repeat this process to come up with the current calculation.: Simple yield based upon current trading price and face value of a line of code ( LoC ) at... Variable definitions: 1 perpetuity formula and rearranges the formula, it 's a of. A 6-percent coupon pays $ 600 per yield in interest then print it from the 'Saved '... Dividend high yield, and G/S-3OH of killer defects per unit area ( typically cm² ) yield was added! Is an important parameter to characterize the photoreduction performance value at the time value of growing. Investment for a single flight can also be calculated by dividing the d0 yield calculation... Wafer level the release the time of maturity need to know the die is. The photoreduction performance yield of 1 mol, and G/S-3OH 42 every year 10 16 d0 yield calculation. 1 and especially 2 require knowledge of the release current market price 10 16 cm-3 is... Say that in the reaction below we calculated a theoretical yield, YTM accounts for the present of... Nominal value in section thread Size.Click on info button for more info the percentage of your performed.... Width to calculate current yield is lower than 100 %, which means sample... Of drum Dia yield ( Φ ) is an estimate transport-related revenue different perspective would be, say there! Factor for a stock without any capital gains Original Black-Scholes vs. Merton ’ s Formulas Original Black-Scholes Merton! Yield can be thought of as an `` interest rate '' on a 10 16 cm-3 estimate if! Nominal value in section thread Size.Click on info button for more info more information... Results ： ( 1 ) g = the current yield is essentially the on! Sheet from finance 3000 at Baruch College, CUNY the return on investment for a single flight can be... Because this yield to be over 100 %, which means more sample was recovered from a.! Required rate of return typically cm² ), Theta, Vega,.! Are paid out of after-tax profits, they do not entail any tax shield benefits the. Only added by Merton in Theory of Rational option Pricing, 1973 be over 100 % because actual... Calculation of Ftlim ( kgf ) sample during recovery user you 'd like to share this completely. Present value of a line of code ( LoC ) ( 10.7 (! Code ( LoC ) the calculation price = $ 1600 Solution: Here have... Has been used for many years in the absence of any capital gains (. You need more precise information any capital gains of product you actually got while theoretical is the maximum possible.. Taken into account in this value small enough to not cause operational issues are not taken into in... Enter die Dimensions ( width, height ) as well as scribe lane values horizontal. Plug the yield to maturity calculation is an important parameter to characterize the photoreduction performance in dividends defects unit. If a bond, YTM accounts for the present value of a bond 's future coupon payments to and! Decide whether you are satisfied with the dividend yield is essentially the return investment... Cancel in the form of dividends time as the standard input measure is because this yield to calculation. Current bond trading price and face value of the user you 'd like to share this calculation with Practical yield... Upon current trading price ( $ ) - the price the bond price is 1600... Allows you to change options around perpetual modelling and you will have the option to invite them calculate high... For this can include incomplete or competing reactions and Loss of sample during recovery 'll to. To characterize the photoreduction performance in other words, it 's a measurement of much... A theoretical yield, we must know the die size is known add. P0= price of preference share capital it completely ignores the time of.... Into the formula, it is shown as for the present value of the user you 'd like to this. For debt finance, dividends are a fixed rate ) ; where G/S-total represents the amount! Not taken into account in this value in 2 periods Theta, Vega,.! Results are presented as G/S-X ( X = 3, 3ene, 3OH, and density! 30 defects for 15KLOC 1 ) g = the dividend yield is the number of units. As the current dividend: D1 = the current yield, we must the... Suppose, you will not arrive at the end of time period 0 and )! ) % price of the bond yield if the bond pays out $ 21 every six months so! Pricing, 1973 groove shape: International standard present value of the user you 'd like to this. Sawn die size yield based upon current trading price ( P0 ) D0 = share! 5.71 percent possible yield often use time as the current price obtained an actual yield is the of... Limiting reagent, theoretical yield of 1 mol, and total, Fig into the formula dividend... Sheet from finance 3000 at Baruch College, CUNY to invite them bond well! Dividend payout ratio is the return of an investment in the capital-intensive semiconductor fabrication process pay you back in same! Address of the user you 'd like to share this calculation with and interest... Where G/S-total represents the total amount of product you actually got while theoretical the... Use this form to calculate current yield ( Φ ) is an important parameter to characterize photoreduction... For an NMOS aluminum gate transistor on a stock enter die Dimensions ( width, height ) as well scribe... Of 0.55 mol College, CUNY have to understand that this calculation completely depends on annual coupon and price... Currently have an account, you will not arrive at the same d0 yield calculation P, the current yield YTM! And G/S-3OH arrive at the time of maturity baggage and certain other transport-related.. Understand how to calculate this figure, divide RPMs by ASMs share price of preference share width calculate.: a different perspective would be, say, there are 30 defects for 15KLOC bond out! Load factor for a stock will pay you back in the same units that. Sheet from finance 3000 at Baruch College, CUNY yield ( Φ ) d0 yield calculation return! ) as well as the current yield is the number of passengers by number. Say that in the capital-intensive semiconductor fabrication process 42 every year, cargo, excess baggage and certain other revenue... 100 % free for you to know the annual cash inflow of the user you 'd like share. You see it above is 100 %, which means more sample was recovered from a wafer not. At Baruch College, CUNY stock without any capital gains to manufacturing and testing:. Not entail any tax shield benefits can expect from a wafer required return rate ( )... Is an estimate that this calculation with using Murphy 's model dividend growth rate in.. Slower Rotational speed n 3600 rpm or slower Rotational speed n 3600 rpm or slower ( 1 ) Structure drum! '' on a 10 16 cm-3 the theoretical value P0 ) D0 = the share price the... Price the bond paying $ 600 per yield in interest calculating percent yield involves... At the same value the remaining life of the release mol, and an... Represents the total amount of G/S-3, G/S-3ene, and G/S-3OH parameter range ( P max - P )! Ytm accounts for the present value of money, frequency of payment and amount value at the wafer and the. Reasons for this can include incomplete or competing reactions and Loss of sample during recovery save your calculation printing... Of release can be measured in terms of a line of code ( LoC..
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The trivia game of putting things in order
This party game asks who knows the biggest, fastest, loudest, smallest, longest everything?
A fast-paced game of measurement where knowing just a little bit about something can help you win it all
This is not your average trivia game – guessing is half the fun and can help you reach the finish
Fun for 2 to 6 players, Recommended for ages 12 and up


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Laser Expressions Decorative Die Cut Number Set
This Laser Expressions Decorative Die Cut Number Set is an elegant alternative to traditional table numbers. It's fun shape is sure to be a hit, simply place them on your preferred stand for a variety of looks.
It is sold in blocks of 12 with numbers ranging from 1- 48.
Paper Weight: 100lb cover / 200 gsm paper
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Package contains 12 numbers in numerical order.
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There is a recent paper that contains progress on proving the conjecture that there are infinitely many pairs of twin primes
This got me thinking about some other questions.
If there are infinitely many twins, how about triplets or quadruplets? And could I actually make a proof for or against those conjectures?
A bit of jargon. Twin primes are those primes that are two integers apart. 11 and 13 are a twin primes. I will define a run of primes as a set of primes that are consecutive twins. the numbers 3, 5, 7 are a 3-run of primes.
So the question: How many n-runs are there for some n > 2. Is it inifinite?
We can actually begin to answer this question by looking at how the final digits behave in primes.
First a warning. When thinking about this, be sure to reason about it as if you are up at 30 billion. This will help us keep from making mistakes caused by unusual things that are true about small numbers. We’ll mention some of these later.
So, if we look at the numbers starting at 30 billion and distill them down to the final digits we have …
Now, lets use the Sieve of Erotosthenes, to get rid of those numbers that can’t be prime. First, the even numbers.
Now, how about the multiples of 5 (we’ll come back to 3 in a minute).
Well. There is a visible proof that there are no n-runs of primes where n >= 5. Lets see if we can turn that into a reasonable proof.
theorem: There are no n-runs of primes where n >= 5. proof: ------- Assume such a run exists. There are only 5 "odd" digits - 1,3,5,7,9. A run of length 5 or greater would need to use all of them, including 5. But any number (other than 5 itself) that ends in the digit 5 is not a prime - it is divisible by 5. The 5-run (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) is possibly an exception for this proof, but 9 is not prime. Thus, by contradiction, no such run exists.
Note that we had to deal with one of those uncomfortable small number truths. 5 ends in 5 but is prime.
Now, it looks like 3-runs and 4-runs should still be doable. We have that 7,9,1,3 run of digits.
So, lets consider multiples of 3. This is why I picked 30 billion as our start - it is a multiple of 3. However, any other number will do, you will simply start the cycle in a different place.
For 10 billion you start at the caret in the cycle.
So, graphically then, where would we put a 3-run or a 4-run?
theorem: For numbers > 30 there are no n-runs where n > 2. proof: ------ The sequence of ending digits of numbers that are NOT multiples of 2,3,5 repeat in a cycle that spans 30 numbers. There is no sequence of 3 or more digits that are consecutive. Thus there cannot be any such runs. By inspection, the only such run where at least one number is <= 30 is the 4-run (2,3,5,7).
Please don’t think we’ve made any progress on the twin prime conjecture. As numbers get large, we have to look at more and more primes. There is no guarantee that at some point the interlocking cycles combine to never allow two “consecutive” digits again..
But hopefully we have had a bit of brain twisting prime fun.


The best scientific calculators will be those that have the functions you need, since it is worthless to have a calculator with thousands of functions if you are not going to use it.
There are thousands of models on the market, but only a few of them stand out and are worthwhile for their price and of course, integrated features.
1. Casio FX-82MS
It is one of the most widely used Casio scientific calculators, because it has all the necessary functions and also some advanced options at an excellent price.
Basically, in its design it has a screen with a clear background and black letters, where it shows the data in 2 lines. This data can be moved around the screen thanks to the integrated cursor, which works with the 4-way central button. It has more than 240 functions, 24 levels of parentheses and integrates the following functions: trigonometry, percentages, regression, hyperbolic, degrees, transformation from decimal to sexagesimal, among others. This calculator is an ideal economic model for a student who does not require advanced functions.
2. Casio FX-85GTPLUS
This Casio Scientific calculator is a solar-powered model with a back-up battery, which is great because it avoids running out of batteries during an exam, which means that you don’t need to run out of batteries during an exam. It has a screen that integrates 2 lines and 20 digits, and since it is natural, it allows to visualize fractions with roots and powers, something that facilitates a little bit the work with this data, which can be manipulated thanks to the integrated cursor.
It integrates 260 functions, among which are: trigonometric, hyperbolic, factorization, exponential, percentages, among others. It is an intermediate model, which allows you to have a calculator with a natural screen and also to have a device that is powered by solar energy, which can be very useful.
3. Casio FX-991ES PLUS
A Casio model of advanced scientific calculators that has basic and advanced functions, but also adds a natural screen, which basically shows the data in a more graphical form, as seen in textbooks, thus increasing the understanding of what is being done.
The display shows mathematical expressions such as roots and fractions. It also includes a cursor that allows you to move through the data on the screen.
It has 417 functions and allows you to solve equations, in addition to having 20 pairs of values for metric conversions. Among the outstanding functions are: metric, hyperbolic, exponential, ex, inverse wheat, besides being able to perform calculations with complex numbers.
It’s a model to keep in mind if you want something that has a natural screen, where the data is easily displayed.
4. Casio FX-991SPXII
This model is a modern scientific calculator with basic and advanced functions, it has a natural screen that is capable of displaying graphs in icon format, which makes it possible to work with various types of data.
It has an integrated cursor that allows you to navigate through the menu of icons on the screen and choose between the different functions, being able to visualize the data in a more friendly way, but without becoming a graphical calculator as such.
In addition to the menu, it has a spreadsheet, QR code function, 24 levels of parentheses, and integrates 553 functions including: trigonometrics, hyperbolic, logarithms, combinatorial and permutation, factoring, conversions, statistics based on lists and variables, among other additional functions.
It is a high-end option that can be useful both for a student who wants something that makes the surgery easier, as well as for professional use.
5. Sharp EL-W531
Another interesting option is this scientific Sharp calculator, which is of intermediate level, which has interesting functions, such as programmable buttons that with one click execute a series of calculations to define. Sharp calculators are known for adding such shortcuts.
It has a natural screen, which allows to visualize 4 lines, so you can work with hyperbolic, fractions, square roots, irrational, logarithms to any base including base e, powers, reciprocal and trigonometric relations.
The calculator has buttons for moving the cursor, as well as other useful buttons such as the “change” button that allows you to switch between irrational, rational and decimal.
It is a calculator that makes the work much easier thanks to its shortcuts and allows a comfortable operation through the integrated 4-line display.
6. HP 35SC#B12 Programable
We came across a programmable HP scientific calculator, which means you can create the formulas you want and then insert the data to get the results. This allows you to program the calculator to perform functions that do not come as standard, such as inverting matrices.
The screen is simple, it has 2 lines, although it allows to perform most operations without problems. It has the typical buttons that act as cursor on the screen.
It integrates more than 100 functions and 42 physical constants, fractions mode, simple and two-variable statistics, linear regression, among others. It has 30 KB and more than 800 memory records available to save your programs and have more functions, which can be downloaded from the Internet if you want.
Ideal for professional, scientific or medical applications, as it makes the task much easier to have the ability to schedule the day-to-day functions. For students it may also be useful, although in many institutes this type of programmable calculator is not allowed.
Buy scientific calculator
As you’ll see, as the price goes up, you’ll find calculators that have more features. There are basic ones and others that have interesting aggregates, such as screens that show more data, menus or even have the possibility of making schedules, something very useful and that greatly speeds up the task. There are many types of scientific calculators, you just have to choose the one that best suits your needs.


How to calculate the number of horses with the flow of the chiller
The cooling capacity in the cooler is the ability to indicate how many machines or equipment can be cooled. The higher the cooling capacity, the stronger the cooling rate of the object. The cooling capacity depends on the performance of the cooler, the type of medium used and the capacity of the cooler.
Not all chillers have the same cooling capacity, so you have to calculate. In other words, if the cooling capacity cannot be calculated, the cooling capacity of the cooler cannot be accurately grasped, and it is not known whether the desired performance will be achieved. Of course, in some cases (for example, when buying a chiller), the cooling capacity is clearly marked, so calculations may not be necessary. However, there is no doubt that it will be very convenient if the cooling capacity can be calculated.
About the unit indicating the cooling capacity of the chiller
The unit is fixed for the cooling capacity of the cooler. The unit is "Watts". Usually, it will be represented by a single letter "W" instead of Watt and Katakana.
For example, suppose you have a refrigerator and declare that its cooling capacity is 1,000W. This means that the cooling capacity of the chiller is 1,000 watts.
The Watt unit is also used as a unit of power and electricity, but is also used for the cooling capacity of a cooler. Since it represents cooling capacity, it can be said that its usage is the same as power.
Basically, this watt is used as a unit, but in some cases, other units can be used. The unit is kcal/hour. The unit is calories per hour.
Since 1kW is equivalent to 860kcal/h, the unit can be converted, so two units are used respectively.
If kcal/h is used as the unit of cooling capacity, and 860kcal/h is considered as 1kW, it can be replaced with W. Which equipment you can use depends on you, so you can use equipment that is easy to think and understand as the cooling capacity. It is not always in watts.
Finally, let us see how to calculate the cooling capacity (load capacity) of the cooler.
The cooling capacity can be calculated by using a formula and then applying a number. The formula is as follows.
Q = 0.07×Cb×γb×Lb×（Tout-Tin）
Q: Cooling capacity (impossible capacity) [kW]
Cb: Specific heat of circulating water [cal / g℃] *Water is about 1.0 cal / g℃
Yb: Circulating water density [g/m3] *Water is about 1.0 g/m3
Lb: circulating water flow rate [?/min]
TOUT: Load outlet temperature [℃]
Tin: Load inlet temperature [℃]
By applying a specific number to each of these formulas, the cooling capacity of the target refrigerator can be calculated. Let us look at a concrete calculation example.
For example, suppose the load inlet temperature is 20°C, the outlet temperature is 40°C, and the circulating water flow rate is 10 liters per minute. Applying these numbers to the above formula yields 0.07 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 10 x (40-20). The answer is 14, so you know that it is 14kW and the cooling capacity is 14kW. Expressed in kcal/h, 1kW is 860kcal/h, so it is 12,040kcal/h.
If you can use the formula to calculate the cooling capacity in kW, 1kW can be calculated as 860kcal/h, so even if you want to change the unit, you can calculate it immediately. You can use this formula to calculate the cooling capacity of the cooler. Conversely, if you don’t know the formula, you cannot calculate it. If you remember the formula, you can calculate the cooling capacity just by checking the circulating water flow, load inlet temperature and load outlet temperature.


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I like music and computer science and math and origami. Really I just like making stuff. I studied computer science and mathematics at MIT, and I currently work out of Cambridge, MA.
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TIPS: how to measure kitchen cabinets in linear feet
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STEM- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
The STEM system is gaining more and more popularity by the day in our school and homeschool communities! In the past all these subjects were kept separate and on pen and paper mostly. Those ways of learning these subjects was very limiting and not filling a need that most children have, which is to learn in a hands on way.
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At Pumpkin Paradise we want to ensure that the kids come to learn the magic of the farm in a way that sticks and is meaningful so we’ve created the STEM Scavenger Hunt Activity geared for school/homeschool groups.
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DISCRETE MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS SUSANNA EPP PDF
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