Mona Lisa

Prompt: Im Kontext von Mona Lisa, erkunde erkläre die Kulturelle Darstellungen und die Vermächtnis.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

Cultural depictions of the Mona Lisa include: The 1915 Mona Lisa by German composer Max von Schillings.Two 1930s films written about the theft, (The Theft of the Mona Lisa and Arsène Lupin).The 1950 song "Mona Lisa" recorded by Nat King Cole.The 2011 song "The Ballad of Mona Lisa" by American rock band Panic! at the Disco.The 2018 song "Mona Lisa" by rapper Lil Wayne.The 2022 mystery film Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery depicts the destruction of the Mona Lisa, which has been borrowed from its location by a billionaire.Lego released a set called Mona Lisa 31213 as part of their Lego Art theme. The set includes 1503 pieces to build it.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Erkunde Erkläre die Kulturelle Darstellungen über die Vermächtnis dieses Kunstwerks, Mona Lisa.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

Cultural depictions of the Mona Lisa include: The 1915 Mona Lisa by German composer Max von Schillings.Two 1930s films written about the theft, (The Theft of the Mona Lisa and Arsène Lupin).The 1950 song "Mona Lisa" recorded by Nat King Cole.The 2011 song "The Ballad of Mona Lisa" by American rock band Panic! at the Disco.The 2018 song "Mona Lisa" by rapper Lil Wayne.The 2022 mystery film Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery depicts the destruction of the Mona Lisa, which has been borrowed from its location by a billionaire.Lego released a set called Mona Lisa 31213 as part of their Lego Art theme. The set includes 1503 pieces to build it.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: In Mona Lisa, wie wird die Kulturelle Darstellungen der Vermächtnis erläutert?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

Cultural depictions of the Mona Lisa include: The 1915 Mona Lisa by German composer Max von Schillings.Two 1930s films written about the theft, (The Theft of the Mona Lisa and Arsène Lupin).The 1950 song "Mona Lisa" recorded by Nat King Cole.The 2011 song "The Ballad of Mona Lisa" by American rock band Panic! at the Disco.The 2018 song "Mona Lisa" by rapper Lil Wayne.The 2022 mystery film Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery depicts the destruction of the Mona Lisa, which has been borrowed from its location by a billionaire.Lego released a set called Mona Lisa 31213 as part of their Lego Art theme. The set includes 1503 pieces to build it.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Beschreibe die Merkmale der Kulturelle Darstellungen in  der Mona Lisa's Vermächtnis von Mona Lisa.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

Cultural depictions of the Mona Lisa include: The 1915 Mona Lisa by German composer Max von Schillings.Two 1930s films written about the theft, (The Theft of the Mona Lisa and Arsène Lupin).The 1950 song "Mona Lisa" recorded by Nat King Cole.The 2011 song "The Ballad of Mona Lisa" by American rock band Panic! at the Disco.The 2018 song "Mona Lisa" by rapper Lil Wayne.The 2022 mystery film Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery depicts the destruction of the Mona Lisa, which has been borrowed from its location by a billionaire.Lego released a set called Mona Lisa 31213 as part of their Lego Art theme. The set includes 1503 pieces to build it.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Im Kontext von Mona Lisa, erkunde erkläre die Prado Museum La Gioconda und die Frühe Versionen und Kopien.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version of Mona Lisa known as Mujer de mano de Leonardo Abince ("Woman by Leonardo da Vinci's hand", Museo del Prado, Madrid) was for centuries considered to be a work by Leonardo. However, since its restoration in 2012, it is now thought to have been executed by one of Leonardo's pupils in his studio at the same time as Mona Lisa was being painted. The Prado's conclusion that the painting is probably by Salaì (1480–1524) or by Melzi (1493–1572) has been called into question by others.The restored painting is from a slightly different perspective than the original Mona Lisa, leading to the speculation that it is part of the world's first stereoscopic pair. However, a more recent report has demonstrated that this stereoscopic pair in fact gives no reliable stereoscopic depth.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Erkunde Erkläre die Prado Museum La Gioconda über die Frühe Versionen und Kopien dieses Kunstwerks, Mona Lisa.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version of Mona Lisa known as Mujer de mano de Leonardo Abince ("Woman by Leonardo da Vinci's hand", Museo del Prado, Madrid) was for centuries considered to be a work by Leonardo. However, since its restoration in 2012, it is now thought to have been executed by one of Leonardo's pupils in his studio at the same time as Mona Lisa was being painted. The Prado's conclusion that the painting is probably by Salaì (1480–1524) or by Melzi (1493–1572) has been called into question by others.The restored painting is from a slightly different perspective than the original Mona Lisa, leading to the speculation that it is part of the world's first stereoscopic pair. However, a more recent report has demonstrated that this stereoscopic pair in fact gives no reliable stereoscopic depth.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: In Mona Lisa, wie wird die Prado Museum La Gioconda der Frühe Versionen und Kopien erläutert?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version of Mona Lisa known as Mujer de mano de Leonardo Abince ("Woman by Leonardo da Vinci's hand", Museo del Prado, Madrid) was for centuries considered to be a work by Leonardo. However, since its restoration in 2012, it is now thought to have been executed by one of Leonardo's pupils in his studio at the same time as Mona Lisa was being painted. The Prado's conclusion that the painting is probably by Salaì (1480–1524) or by Melzi (1493–1572) has been called into question by others.The restored painting is from a slightly different perspective than the original Mona Lisa, leading to the speculation that it is part of the world's first stereoscopic pair. However, a more recent report has demonstrated that this stereoscopic pair in fact gives no reliable stereoscopic depth.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Beschreibe die Merkmale der Prado Museum La Gioconda in  der Mona Lisa's Frühe Versionen und Kopien von Mona Lisa.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version of Mona Lisa known as Mujer de mano de Leonardo Abince ("Woman by Leonardo da Vinci's hand", Museo del Prado, Madrid) was for centuries considered to be a work by Leonardo. However, since its restoration in 2012, it is now thought to have been executed by one of Leonardo's pupils in his studio at the same time as Mona Lisa was being painted. The Prado's conclusion that the painting is probably by Salaì (1480–1524) or by Melzi (1493–1572) has been called into question by others.The restored painting is from a slightly different perspective than the original Mona Lisa, leading to the speculation that it is part of the world's first stereoscopic pair. However, a more recent report has demonstrated that this stereoscopic pair in fact gives no reliable stereoscopic depth.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Im Kontext von Mona Lisa, erkunde erkläre die Isleworth Mona Lisa und die Frühe Versionen und Kopien.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version of the Mona Lisa known as the Isleworth Mona Lisa was first bought by an English nobleman in 1778 and was rediscovered in 1913 by Hugh Blaker, an art connoisseur. The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation. It is a painting of the same subject as Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. The current scholarly consensus on attribution is unclear. Some experts, including Frank Zöllner, Martin Kemp, and Luke Syson denied the attribution to Leonardo; professors such as Salvatore Lorusso, Andrea Natali, and John F Asmus supported it; others like Alessandro Vezzosi and Carlo Pedretti were uncertain.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Erkunde Erkläre die Isleworth Mona Lisa über die Frühe Versionen und Kopien dieses Kunstwerks, Mona Lisa.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version of the Mona Lisa known as the Isleworth Mona Lisa was first bought by an English nobleman in 1778 and was rediscovered in 1913 by Hugh Blaker, an art connoisseur. The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation. It is a painting of the same subject as Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. The current scholarly consensus on attribution is unclear. Some experts, including Frank Zöllner, Martin Kemp, and Luke Syson denied the attribution to Leonardo; professors such as Salvatore Lorusso, Andrea Natali, and John F Asmus supported it; others like Alessandro Vezzosi and Carlo Pedretti were uncertain.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: In Mona Lisa, wie wird die Isleworth Mona Lisa der Frühe Versionen und Kopien erläutert?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version of the Mona Lisa known as the Isleworth Mona Lisa was first bought by an English nobleman in 1778 and was rediscovered in 1913 by Hugh Blaker, an art connoisseur. The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation. It is a painting of the same subject as Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. The current scholarly consensus on attribution is unclear. Some experts, including Frank Zöllner, Martin Kemp, and Luke Syson denied the attribution to Leonardo; professors such as Salvatore Lorusso, Andrea Natali, and John F Asmus supported it; others like Alessandro Vezzosi and Carlo Pedretti were uncertain.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Beschreibe die Merkmale der Isleworth Mona Lisa in  der Mona Lisa's Frühe Versionen und Kopien von Mona Lisa.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version of the Mona Lisa known as the Isleworth Mona Lisa was first bought by an English nobleman in 1778 and was rediscovered in 1913 by Hugh Blaker, an art connoisseur. The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation. It is a painting of the same subject as Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. The current scholarly consensus on attribution is unclear. Some experts, including Frank Zöllner, Martin Kemp, and Luke Syson denied the attribution to Leonardo; professors such as Salvatore Lorusso, Andrea Natali, and John F Asmus supported it; others like Alessandro Vezzosi and Carlo Pedretti were uncertain.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Im Kontext von Mona Lisa, erkunde erkläre die Hermitage Mona Lisa und die Frühe Versionen und Kopien.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version known as the Hermitage Mona Lisa is in the Hermitage Museum and it was made by an unknown 16th-century artist.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Erkunde Erkläre die Hermitage Mona Lisa über die Frühe Versionen und Kopien dieses Kunstwerks, Mona Lisa.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version known as the Hermitage Mona Lisa is in the Hermitage Museum and it was made by an unknown 16th-century artist.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: In Mona Lisa, wie wird die Hermitage Mona Lisa der Frühe Versionen und Kopien erläutert?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version known as the Hermitage Mona Lisa is in the Hermitage Museum and it was made by an unknown 16th-century artist.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Beschreibe die Merkmale der Hermitage Mona Lisa in  der Mona Lisa's Frühe Versionen und Kopien von Mona Lisa.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

A version known as the Hermitage Mona Lisa is in the Hermitage Museum and it was made by an unknown 16th-century artist.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Fokussiere dich auf Mona Lisa und erkunde erkläre die Mona Lisa Illusion.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

If a person being photographed looks into the camera lens, the image produced provides an illusion that viewers perceive as the subject looking at them, irrespective of the photograph's position. It is presumably for this reason that many people, while taking photographs, ask subjects to look at the camera rather than anywhere else. In psychology, this is known as the "Mona Lisa illusion", which was named after the famous painting that also presents the same illusion.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: ErkundeErkläre die Mona Lisa Illusion dieses Kunstwerks, Mona Lisa.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

If a person being photographed looks into the camera lens, the image produced provides an illusion that viewers perceive as the subject looking at them, irrespective of the photograph's position. It is presumably for this reason that many people, while taking photographs, ask subjects to look at the camera rather than anywhere else. In psychology, this is known as the "Mona Lisa illusion", which was named after the famous painting that also presents the same illusion.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Wie erläutert Mona Lisa seine Mona Lisa Illusion?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

If a person being photographed looks into the camera lens, the image produced provides an illusion that viewers perceive as the subject looking at them, irrespective of the photograph's position. It is presumably for this reason that many people, while taking photographs, ask subjects to look at the camera rather than anywhere else. In psychology, this is known as the "Mona Lisa illusion", which was named after the famous painting that also presents the same illusion.


Mona Lisa

Prompt: Wie wird die Mona Lisa Illusion in Mona Lisa diskutiert?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

''(Left to right)'' US President [[John F. Kennedy

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

File:JFK, Marie-Madeleine Lioux, André Malraux, Jackie, L.B. Johnson, unveiling Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art.png

Detail of Lisa's hands, her right hand resting on her left. Leonardo chose this gesture rather than a wedding ring to depict Lisa as a virtuous woman and faithful wife.<ref name="Z12">{{harvnb

File:Louis Beroud - Mona Lisa au Louvre 1911.jpg

:commons:File:Davide Ghirlandaio Retrato de dama de perfil Gemäldegalerie, Berlín.jpg

Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage

Sector research institutes of Denmark#Økonomi- og Erhvervsministeriet

Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla

Category:Portrait paintings in the Louvre

National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (hands).jpg

List of most expensive paintings#List of highest prices paid

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (Leonardo)

File:Sketch of the Mona Lisa by Raphael.jpg

File:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci - Portrait de Mona Lisa (dite La Joconde) - Louvre 779 - Detail (right landscape).jpg

Saint Jerome in the Wilderness (Leonardo)

If a person being photographed looks into the camera lens, the image produced provides an illusion that viewers perceive as the subject looking at them, irrespective of the photograph's position. It is presumably for this reason that many people, while taking photographs, ask subjects to look at the camera rather than anywhere else. In psychology, this is known as the "Mona Lisa illusion", which was named after the famous painting that also presents the same illusion.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Fokussiere dich auf Laokoon und seine Söhne und erkunde erkläre die abstract.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The statue of Laocoön and His Sons, also called the Laocoön Group (Italian: Gruppo del Laocoonte), has been one of the most famous ancient sculptures since it was excavated in Rome in 1506 and put on public display in the Vatican Museums, where it remains today. The statue is very likely the same one that was praised in the highest terms by Pliny the Elder, the main Roman writer on art, who attributed it to Greek sculptors but did not say when it was created. The figures in the statue are nearly life-sized, with the entire group measuring just over 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in height. The sculpture depicts the Trojan priest Laocoön and his sons Antiphantes and Thymbraeus being attacked by sea serpents.The Laocoön Group has been called "the prototypical icon of human agony" in Western art. Unlike the agony often portrayed in Christian art depicting the Passion of Jesus and martyrs, the suffering shown in this statue offers no redemptive power or reward. The agony is conveyed through the contorted expressions on the faces, particularly Laocoön's bulging eyebrows, which were noted by Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne as physiologically impossible. These expressions are mirrored in the struggling bodies, especially Laocoön's, with every part of his body shown straining.Pliny attributed the work, then in the palace of Emperor Titus, to three Greek sculptors from the island of Rhodes: Agesander, Athenodoros, and Polydorus, but he did not mention the date or patron. In style it is considered "one of the finest examples of the Hellenistic baroque" and certainly in the Greek tradition. However, its origin is uncertain, as it is not known if it is an original work or a copy of an earlier bronze sculpture. Some believe it to be a copy of a work from the early Imperial period, while others think it to be an original work from the later period, continuing the Pergamene style of some two centuries earlier. Regardless, it was probably commissioned for a wealthy Roman's home, possibly from the Imperial family. The dates suggested for the statue range from 200 BC to the 70s AD, with a Julio-Claudian date (27 BC to 68 AD) now being the preferred option.Despite being in mostly excellent condition for an excavated sculpture, the group is missing several parts and underwent several ancient modifications, as well as restorations since its excavation. The statue is currently on display in the Museo Pio-Clementino, which is part of the Vatican Museums.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: ErkundeErkläre die abstract dieses Kunstwerks, Laokoon und seine Söhne.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The statue of Laocoön and His Sons, also called the Laocoön Group (Italian: Gruppo del Laocoonte), has been one of the most famous ancient sculptures since it was excavated in Rome in 1506 and put on public display in the Vatican Museums, where it remains today. The statue is very likely the same one that was praised in the highest terms by Pliny the Elder, the main Roman writer on art, who attributed it to Greek sculptors but did not say when it was created. The figures in the statue are nearly life-sized, with the entire group measuring just over 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in height. The sculpture depicts the Trojan priest Laocoön and his sons Antiphantes and Thymbraeus being attacked by sea serpents.The Laocoön Group has been called "the prototypical icon of human agony" in Western art. Unlike the agony often portrayed in Christian art depicting the Passion of Jesus and martyrs, the suffering shown in this statue offers no redemptive power or reward. The agony is conveyed through the contorted expressions on the faces, particularly Laocoön's bulging eyebrows, which were noted by Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne as physiologically impossible. These expressions are mirrored in the struggling bodies, especially Laocoön's, with every part of his body shown straining.Pliny attributed the work, then in the palace of Emperor Titus, to three Greek sculptors from the island of Rhodes: Agesander, Athenodoros, and Polydorus, but he did not mention the date or patron. In style it is considered "one of the finest examples of the Hellenistic baroque" and certainly in the Greek tradition. However, its origin is uncertain, as it is not known if it is an original work or a copy of an earlier bronze sculpture. Some believe it to be a copy of a work from the early Imperial period, while others think it to be an original work from the later period, continuing the Pergamene style of some two centuries earlier. Regardless, it was probably commissioned for a wealthy Roman's home, possibly from the Imperial family. The dates suggested for the statue range from 200 BC to the 70s AD, with a Julio-Claudian date (27 BC to 68 AD) now being the preferred option.Despite being in mostly excellent condition for an excavated sculpture, the group is missing several parts and underwent several ancient modifications, as well as restorations since its excavation. The statue is currently on display in the Museo Pio-Clementino, which is part of the Vatican Museums.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Wie erläutert Laokoon und seine Söhne seine abstract?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The statue of Laocoön and His Sons, also called the Laocoön Group (Italian: Gruppo del Laocoonte), has been one of the most famous ancient sculptures since it was excavated in Rome in 1506 and put on public display in the Vatican Museums, where it remains today. The statue is very likely the same one that was praised in the highest terms by Pliny the Elder, the main Roman writer on art, who attributed it to Greek sculptors but did not say when it was created. The figures in the statue are nearly life-sized, with the entire group measuring just over 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in height. The sculpture depicts the Trojan priest Laocoön and his sons Antiphantes and Thymbraeus being attacked by sea serpents.The Laocoön Group has been called "the prototypical icon of human agony" in Western art. Unlike the agony often portrayed in Christian art depicting the Passion of Jesus and martyrs, the suffering shown in this statue offers no redemptive power or reward. The agony is conveyed through the contorted expressions on the faces, particularly Laocoön's bulging eyebrows, which were noted by Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne as physiologically impossible. These expressions are mirrored in the struggling bodies, especially Laocoön's, with every part of his body shown straining.Pliny attributed the work, then in the palace of Emperor Titus, to three Greek sculptors from the island of Rhodes: Agesander, Athenodoros, and Polydorus, but he did not mention the date or patron. In style it is considered "one of the finest examples of the Hellenistic baroque" and certainly in the Greek tradition. However, its origin is uncertain, as it is not known if it is an original work or a copy of an earlier bronze sculpture. Some believe it to be a copy of a work from the early Imperial period, while others think it to be an original work from the later period, continuing the Pergamene style of some two centuries earlier. Regardless, it was probably commissioned for a wealthy Roman's home, possibly from the Imperial family. The dates suggested for the statue range from 200 BC to the 70s AD, with a Julio-Claudian date (27 BC to 68 AD) now being the preferred option.Despite being in mostly excellent condition for an excavated sculpture, the group is missing several parts and underwent several ancient modifications, as well as restorations since its excavation. The statue is currently on display in the Museo Pio-Clementino, which is part of the Vatican Museums.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Wie wird die abstract in Laokoon und seine Söhne diskutiert?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The statue of Laocoön and His Sons, also called the Laocoön Group (Italian: Gruppo del Laocoonte), has been one of the most famous ancient sculptures since it was excavated in Rome in 1506 and put on public display in the Vatican Museums, where it remains today. The statue is very likely the same one that was praised in the highest terms by Pliny the Elder, the main Roman writer on art, who attributed it to Greek sculptors but did not say when it was created. The figures in the statue are nearly life-sized, with the entire group measuring just over 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in height. The sculpture depicts the Trojan priest Laocoön and his sons Antiphantes and Thymbraeus being attacked by sea serpents.The Laocoön Group has been called "the prototypical icon of human agony" in Western art. Unlike the agony often portrayed in Christian art depicting the Passion of Jesus and martyrs, the suffering shown in this statue offers no redemptive power or reward. The agony is conveyed through the contorted expressions on the faces, particularly Laocoön's bulging eyebrows, which were noted by Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne as physiologically impossible. These expressions are mirrored in the struggling bodies, especially Laocoön's, with every part of his body shown straining.Pliny attributed the work, then in the palace of Emperor Titus, to three Greek sculptors from the island of Rhodes: Agesander, Athenodoros, and Polydorus, but he did not mention the date or patron. In style it is considered "one of the finest examples of the Hellenistic baroque" and certainly in the Greek tradition. However, its origin is uncertain, as it is not known if it is an original work or a copy of an earlier bronze sculpture. Some believe it to be a copy of a work from the early Imperial period, while others think it to be an original work from the later period, continuing the Pergamene style of some two centuries earlier. Regardless, it was probably commissioned for a wealthy Roman's home, possibly from the Imperial family. The dates suggested for the statue range from 200 BC to the 70s AD, with a Julio-Claudian date (27 BC to 68 AD) now being the preferred option.Despite being in mostly excellent condition for an excavated sculpture, the group is missing several parts and underwent several ancient modifications, as well as restorations since its excavation. The statue is currently on display in the Museo Pio-Clementino, which is part of the Vatican Museums.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Fokussiere dich auf Laokoon und seine Söhne und erkunde erkläre die Betreff.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The story of Laocoön, a Trojan priest, came from the Greek Epic Cycle on the Trojan Wars, though it is not mentioned by Homer. It had been the subject of a tragedy, now lost, by Sophocles and was mentioned by other Greek writers, though the events around the attack by the serpents vary considerably. The most famous account of these is now in Virgil's Aeneid (see the Aeneid quotation at the entry Laocoön), but this dates from between 29 and 19 BC, which is possibly later than the sculpture. However, some scholars see the group as a depiction of the scene as described by Virgil.In Virgil, Laocoön was a priest of Poseidon who was killed with both his sons after attempting to expose the ruse of the Trojan Horse by striking it with a spear. In Sophocles, on the other hand, he was a priest of Apollo, who should have been celibate but had married. The serpents killed only the two sons, leaving Laocoön himself alive to suffer.  In other versions he was killed for having had sex with his wife in the temple of Poseidon, or simply making a sacrifice in the temple with his wife present. In this second group of versions, the snakes were sent by Poseidon and in the first by Poseidon and Athena, or Apollo, and the deaths were interpreted by the Trojans as proof that the horse was a sacred object. The two versions have rather different morals: Laocoön was either punished for doing wrong, or for being right.The snakes are depicted as both biting and constricting, and are probably intended as venomous, as in Virgil. Pietro Aretino thought so, praising the group in 1537:...the two serpents, in attacking the three figures, produce the most striking semblances of fear, suffering and death. The youth embraced in the coils is fearful; the old man struck by the fangs is in torment; the child who has received the poison, dies.In at least one Greek telling of the story the older son is able to escape, and the composition seems to allow for that possibility.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: ErkundeErkläre die Betreff dieses Kunstwerks, Laokoon und seine Söhne.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The story of Laocoön, a Trojan priest, came from the Greek Epic Cycle on the Trojan Wars, though it is not mentioned by Homer. It had been the subject of a tragedy, now lost, by Sophocles and was mentioned by other Greek writers, though the events around the attack by the serpents vary considerably. The most famous account of these is now in Virgil's Aeneid (see the Aeneid quotation at the entry Laocoön), but this dates from between 29 and 19 BC, which is possibly later than the sculpture. However, some scholars see the group as a depiction of the scene as described by Virgil.In Virgil, Laocoön was a priest of Poseidon who was killed with both his sons after attempting to expose the ruse of the Trojan Horse by striking it with a spear. In Sophocles, on the other hand, he was a priest of Apollo, who should have been celibate but had married. The serpents killed only the two sons, leaving Laocoön himself alive to suffer.  In other versions he was killed for having had sex with his wife in the temple of Poseidon, or simply making a sacrifice in the temple with his wife present. In this second group of versions, the snakes were sent by Poseidon and in the first by Poseidon and Athena, or Apollo, and the deaths were interpreted by the Trojans as proof that the horse was a sacred object. The two versions have rather different morals: Laocoön was either punished for doing wrong, or for being right.The snakes are depicted as both biting and constricting, and are probably intended as venomous, as in Virgil. Pietro Aretino thought so, praising the group in 1537:...the two serpents, in attacking the three figures, produce the most striking semblances of fear, suffering and death. The youth embraced in the coils is fearful; the old man struck by the fangs is in torment; the child who has received the poison, dies.In at least one Greek telling of the story the older son is able to escape, and the composition seems to allow for that possibility.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Wie erläutert Laokoon und seine Söhne seine Betreff?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The story of Laocoön, a Trojan priest, came from the Greek Epic Cycle on the Trojan Wars, though it is not mentioned by Homer. It had been the subject of a tragedy, now lost, by Sophocles and was mentioned by other Greek writers, though the events around the attack by the serpents vary considerably. The most famous account of these is now in Virgil's Aeneid (see the Aeneid quotation at the entry Laocoön), but this dates from between 29 and 19 BC, which is possibly later than the sculpture. However, some scholars see the group as a depiction of the scene as described by Virgil.In Virgil, Laocoön was a priest of Poseidon who was killed with both his sons after attempting to expose the ruse of the Trojan Horse by striking it with a spear. In Sophocles, on the other hand, he was a priest of Apollo, who should have been celibate but had married. The serpents killed only the two sons, leaving Laocoön himself alive to suffer.  In other versions he was killed for having had sex with his wife in the temple of Poseidon, or simply making a sacrifice in the temple with his wife present. In this second group of versions, the snakes were sent by Poseidon and in the first by Poseidon and Athena, or Apollo, and the deaths were interpreted by the Trojans as proof that the horse was a sacred object. The two versions have rather different morals: Laocoön was either punished for doing wrong, or for being right.The snakes are depicted as both biting and constricting, and are probably intended as venomous, as in Virgil. Pietro Aretino thought so, praising the group in 1537:...the two serpents, in attacking the three figures, produce the most striking semblances of fear, suffering and death. The youth embraced in the coils is fearful; the old man struck by the fangs is in torment; the child who has received the poison, dies.In at least one Greek telling of the story the older son is able to escape, and the composition seems to allow for that possibility.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Wie wird die Betreff in Laokoon und seine Söhne diskutiert?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The story of Laocoön, a Trojan priest, came from the Greek Epic Cycle on the Trojan Wars, though it is not mentioned by Homer. It had been the subject of a tragedy, now lost, by Sophocles and was mentioned by other Greek writers, though the events around the attack by the serpents vary considerably. The most famous account of these is now in Virgil's Aeneid (see the Aeneid quotation at the entry Laocoön), but this dates from between 29 and 19 BC, which is possibly later than the sculpture. However, some scholars see the group as a depiction of the scene as described by Virgil.In Virgil, Laocoön was a priest of Poseidon who was killed with both his sons after attempting to expose the ruse of the Trojan Horse by striking it with a spear. In Sophocles, on the other hand, he was a priest of Apollo, who should have been celibate but had married. The serpents killed only the two sons, leaving Laocoön himself alive to suffer.  In other versions he was killed for having had sex with his wife in the temple of Poseidon, or simply making a sacrifice in the temple with his wife present. In this second group of versions, the snakes were sent by Poseidon and in the first by Poseidon and Athena, or Apollo, and the deaths were interpreted by the Trojans as proof that the horse was a sacred object. The two versions have rather different morals: Laocoön was either punished for doing wrong, or for being right.The snakes are depicted as both biting and constricting, and are probably intended as venomous, as in Virgil. Pietro Aretino thought so, praising the group in 1537:...the two serpents, in attacking the three figures, produce the most striking semblances of fear, suffering and death. The youth embraced in the coils is fearful; the old man struck by the fangs is in torment; the child who has received the poison, dies.In at least one Greek telling of the story the older son is able to escape, and the composition seems to allow for that possibility.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Im Kontext von Laokoon und seine Söhne, erkunde erkläre die Antike und die Geschichte.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The style of the work is agreed to be that of the Hellenistic "Pergamene baroque" which arose in Greek Asia Minor around 200 BC, and whose best known undoubtedly original work is the Pergamon Altar, dated c. 180–160 BC, and now in Berlin. Here the figure of Alcyoneus is shown in a pose and situation (including serpents) which is very similar to those of Laocoön, though the style is "looser and wilder in its principles" than the altar.The execution of the Laocoön is extremely fine throughout, and the composition very carefully calculated, even though it appears that the group underwent adjustments in ancient times.  The two sons are rather small in scale compared to their father, but this adds to the impact of the central figure.  The fine white marble used is often thought to be Greek, but has not been identified by analysis.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Erkunde Erkläre die Antike über die Geschichte dieses Kunstwerks, Laokoon und seine Söhne.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The style of the work is agreed to be that of the Hellenistic "Pergamene baroque" which arose in Greek Asia Minor around 200 BC, and whose best known undoubtedly original work is the Pergamon Altar, dated c. 180–160 BC, and now in Berlin. Here the figure of Alcyoneus is shown in a pose and situation (including serpents) which is very similar to those of Laocoön, though the style is "looser and wilder in its principles" than the altar.The execution of the Laocoön is extremely fine throughout, and the composition very carefully calculated, even though it appears that the group underwent adjustments in ancient times.  The two sons are rather small in scale compared to their father, but this adds to the impact of the central figure.  The fine white marble used is often thought to be Greek, but has not been identified by analysis.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: In Laokoon und seine Söhne, wie wird die Antike der Geschichte erläutert?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The style of the work is agreed to be that of the Hellenistic "Pergamene baroque" which arose in Greek Asia Minor around 200 BC, and whose best known undoubtedly original work is the Pergamon Altar, dated c. 180–160 BC, and now in Berlin. Here the figure of Alcyoneus is shown in a pose and situation (including serpents) which is very similar to those of Laocoön, though the style is "looser and wilder in its principles" than the altar.The execution of the Laocoön is extremely fine throughout, and the composition very carefully calculated, even though it appears that the group underwent adjustments in ancient times.  The two sons are rather small in scale compared to their father, but this adds to the impact of the central figure.  The fine white marble used is often thought to be Greek, but has not been identified by analysis.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Beschreibe die Merkmale der Antike in  der Laokoon und seine Söhne's Geschichte von Laokoon und seine Söhne.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The style of the work is agreed to be that of the Hellenistic "Pergamene baroque" which arose in Greek Asia Minor around 200 BC, and whose best known undoubtedly original work is the Pergamon Altar, dated c. 180–160 BC, and now in Berlin. Here the figure of Alcyoneus is shown in a pose and situation (including serpents) which is very similar to those of Laocoön, though the style is "looser and wilder in its principles" than the altar.The execution of the Laocoön is extremely fine throughout, and the composition very carefully calculated, even though it appears that the group underwent adjustments in ancient times.  The two sons are rather small in scale compared to their father, but this adds to the impact of the central figure.  The fine white marble used is often thought to be Greek, but has not been identified by analysis.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Mit Fokus auf die Geschichte von Laokoon und seine Söhne, erkunde erkläre die Plinius über die Antike.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

=In Pliny's survey of Greek and Roman stone sculpture in his encyclopedic Natural History (XXXVI, 37), he says:....in the case of several works of very great excellence, the number of artists that have been engaged upon them has proved a considerable obstacle to the fame of each, no individual being able to engross the whole of the credit, and it being impossible to award it in due proportion to the names of the several artists combined. Such is the case with the Laocoön, for example, in the palace of the Emperor Titus, a work that may be looked upon as preferable to any other production of the art of painting or of [bronze] statuary. It is sculptured from a single block, both the main figure as well as the children, and the serpents with their marvellous folds. This group was made in concert by three most eminent artists, Agesander, Polydorus, and Athenodorus, natives of Rhodes.It is generally accepted that this is the same work as is now in the Vatican.  It is now very often thought that the three Rhodians were copyists, perhaps of a bronze sculpture from Pergamon, created around 200 BC. It is noteworthy that Pliny does not address this issue explicitly, in a way that suggests "he regards it as an original".  Pliny states that it was located in the palace of the emperor Titus, and it is possible that it remained in the same place until 1506 (see "Findspot" section below). He also asserts that it was carved from a single piece of marble, though the Vatican work comprises at least seven interlocking pieces.  The phrase translated above as "in concert" (de consilii sententia) is regarded by some as referring to their commission rather than the artists' method of working, giving in Nigel Spivey's translation: "[the artists] at the behest of council designed a group...", which Spivey takes to mean that the commission was by Titus, possibly even advised by Pliny among other savants.The same three artists' names, though in a different order (Athenodoros, Agesander, and Polydorus), with the names of their fathers, are inscribed on one of the sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga (though they may predate his ownership), but it seems likely that not all the three masters were the same individuals.  Though broadly similar in style, many aspects of the execution of the two groups are drastically different, with the Laocoon group of much higher quality and finish.Some scholars used to think that honorific inscriptions found at Lindos in Rhodes dated Agesander and Athenodoros, recorded as priests, to a period after 42 BC, making the years 42 to 20 BC the most likely date for the Laocoön group's creation.  However the Sperlonga inscription, which also gives the fathers of the artists, makes it clear that at least Agesander is a different individual from the priest of the same name recorded at Lindos, though very possibly related.  The names may have recurred across generations, a Rhodian habit, within the context of a family workshop (which might well have included the adoption of promising young sculptors).  Altogether eight "signatures" (or labels) of an Athenodoros are found on sculptures or bases for them, five of these from Italy. Some, including that from Sperlonga, record his father as Agesander.  The whole question remains the subject of academic debate.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Erkunde Erkläre die Plinius über die Antike der Geschichte in diesem Werk, Laokoon und seine Söhne.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

=In Pliny's survey of Greek and Roman stone sculpture in his encyclopedic Natural History (XXXVI, 37), he says:....in the case of several works of very great excellence, the number of artists that have been engaged upon them has proved a considerable obstacle to the fame of each, no individual being able to engross the whole of the credit, and it being impossible to award it in due proportion to the names of the several artists combined. Such is the case with the Laocoön, for example, in the palace of the Emperor Titus, a work that may be looked upon as preferable to any other production of the art of painting or of [bronze] statuary. It is sculptured from a single block, both the main figure as well as the children, and the serpents with their marvellous folds. This group was made in concert by three most eminent artists, Agesander, Polydorus, and Athenodorus, natives of Rhodes.It is generally accepted that this is the same work as is now in the Vatican.  It is now very often thought that the three Rhodians were copyists, perhaps of a bronze sculpture from Pergamon, created around 200 BC. It is noteworthy that Pliny does not address this issue explicitly, in a way that suggests "he regards it as an original".  Pliny states that it was located in the palace of the emperor Titus, and it is possible that it remained in the same place until 1506 (see "Findspot" section below). He also asserts that it was carved from a single piece of marble, though the Vatican work comprises at least seven interlocking pieces.  The phrase translated above as "in concert" (de consilii sententia) is regarded by some as referring to their commission rather than the artists' method of working, giving in Nigel Spivey's translation: "[the artists] at the behest of council designed a group...", which Spivey takes to mean that the commission was by Titus, possibly even advised by Pliny among other savants.The same three artists' names, though in a different order (Athenodoros, Agesander, and Polydorus), with the names of their fathers, are inscribed on one of the sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga (though they may predate his ownership), but it seems likely that not all the three masters were the same individuals.  Though broadly similar in style, many aspects of the execution of the two groups are drastically different, with the Laocoon group of much higher quality and finish.Some scholars used to think that honorific inscriptions found at Lindos in Rhodes dated Agesander and Athenodoros, recorded as priests, to a period after 42 BC, making the years 42 to 20 BC the most likely date for the Laocoön group's creation.  However the Sperlonga inscription, which also gives the fathers of the artists, makes it clear that at least Agesander is a different individual from the priest of the same name recorded at Lindos, though very possibly related.  The names may have recurred across generations, a Rhodian habit, within the context of a family workshop (which might well have included the adoption of promising young sculptors).  Altogether eight "signatures" (or labels) of an Athenodoros are found on sculptures or bases for them, five of these from Italy. Some, including that from Sperlonga, record his father as Agesander.  The whole question remains the subject of academic debate.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Bezüglich Laokoon und seine Söhne, wie integriert die Antike's der Antike die Plinius?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

=In Pliny's survey of Greek and Roman stone sculpture in his encyclopedic Natural History (XXXVI, 37), he says:....in the case of several works of very great excellence, the number of artists that have been engaged upon them has proved a considerable obstacle to the fame of each, no individual being able to engross the whole of the credit, and it being impossible to award it in due proportion to the names of the several artists combined. Such is the case with the Laocoön, for example, in the palace of the Emperor Titus, a work that may be looked upon as preferable to any other production of the art of painting or of [bronze] statuary. It is sculptured from a single block, both the main figure as well as the children, and the serpents with their marvellous folds. This group was made in concert by three most eminent artists, Agesander, Polydorus, and Athenodorus, natives of Rhodes.It is generally accepted that this is the same work as is now in the Vatican.  It is now very often thought that the three Rhodians were copyists, perhaps of a bronze sculpture from Pergamon, created around 200 BC. It is noteworthy that Pliny does not address this issue explicitly, in a way that suggests "he regards it as an original".  Pliny states that it was located in the palace of the emperor Titus, and it is possible that it remained in the same place until 1506 (see "Findspot" section below). He also asserts that it was carved from a single piece of marble, though the Vatican work comprises at least seven interlocking pieces.  The phrase translated above as "in concert" (de consilii sententia) is regarded by some as referring to their commission rather than the artists' method of working, giving in Nigel Spivey's translation: "[the artists] at the behest of council designed a group...", which Spivey takes to mean that the commission was by Titus, possibly even advised by Pliny among other savants.The same three artists' names, though in a different order (Athenodoros, Agesander, and Polydorus), with the names of their fathers, are inscribed on one of the sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga (though they may predate his ownership), but it seems likely that not all the three masters were the same individuals.  Though broadly similar in style, many aspects of the execution of the two groups are drastically different, with the Laocoon group of much higher quality and finish.Some scholars used to think that honorific inscriptions found at Lindos in Rhodes dated Agesander and Athenodoros, recorded as priests, to a period after 42 BC, making the years 42 to 20 BC the most likely date for the Laocoön group's creation.  However the Sperlonga inscription, which also gives the fathers of the artists, makes it clear that at least Agesander is a different individual from the priest of the same name recorded at Lindos, though very possibly related.  The names may have recurred across generations, a Rhodian habit, within the context of a family workshop (which might well have included the adoption of promising young sculptors).  Altogether eight "signatures" (or labels) of an Athenodoros are found on sculptures or bases for them, five of these from Italy. Some, including that from Sperlonga, record his father as Agesander.  The whole question remains the subject of academic debate.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Wenn du die Geschichte von Laokoon und seine Söhne betrachtest, wie diskutierst du die Antike's Plinius von der Antike?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

=In Pliny's survey of Greek and Roman stone sculpture in his encyclopedic Natural History (XXXVI, 37), he says:....in the case of several works of very great excellence, the number of artists that have been engaged upon them has proved a considerable obstacle to the fame of each, no individual being able to engross the whole of the credit, and it being impossible to award it in due proportion to the names of the several artists combined. Such is the case with the Laocoön, for example, in the palace of the Emperor Titus, a work that may be looked upon as preferable to any other production of the art of painting or of [bronze] statuary. It is sculptured from a single block, both the main figure as well as the children, and the serpents with their marvellous folds. This group was made in concert by three most eminent artists, Agesander, Polydorus, and Athenodorus, natives of Rhodes.It is generally accepted that this is the same work as is now in the Vatican.  It is now very often thought that the three Rhodians were copyists, perhaps of a bronze sculpture from Pergamon, created around 200 BC. It is noteworthy that Pliny does not address this issue explicitly, in a way that suggests "he regards it as an original".  Pliny states that it was located in the palace of the emperor Titus, and it is possible that it remained in the same place until 1506 (see "Findspot" section below). He also asserts that it was carved from a single piece of marble, though the Vatican work comprises at least seven interlocking pieces.  The phrase translated above as "in concert" (de consilii sententia) is regarded by some as referring to their commission rather than the artists' method of working, giving in Nigel Spivey's translation: "[the artists] at the behest of council designed a group...", which Spivey takes to mean that the commission was by Titus, possibly even advised by Pliny among other savants.The same three artists' names, though in a different order (Athenodoros, Agesander, and Polydorus), with the names of their fathers, are inscribed on one of the sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga (though they may predate his ownership), but it seems likely that not all the three masters were the same individuals.  Though broadly similar in style, many aspects of the execution of the two groups are drastically different, with the Laocoon group of much higher quality and finish.Some scholars used to think that honorific inscriptions found at Lindos in Rhodes dated Agesander and Athenodoros, recorded as priests, to a period after 42 BC, making the years 42 to 20 BC the most likely date for the Laocoön group's creation.  However the Sperlonga inscription, which also gives the fathers of the artists, makes it clear that at least Agesander is a different individual from the priest of the same name recorded at Lindos, though very possibly related.  The names may have recurred across generations, a Rhodian habit, within the context of a family workshop (which might well have included the adoption of promising young sculptors).  Altogether eight "signatures" (or labels) of an Athenodoros are found on sculptures or bases for them, five of these from Italy. Some, including that from Sperlonga, record his father as Agesander.  The whole question remains the subject of academic debate.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Im Kontext von Laokoon und seine Söhne, erkunde erkläre die Renaissance und die Geschichte.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The group was unearthed in February 1506 in the vineyard of Felice De Fredis; informed of the fact, Pope Julius II, an enthusiastic classicist, sent for his court artists.  Michelangelo was called to the site of the unearthing of the statue immediately after its discovery, along with the Florentine architect Giuliano da Sangallo and his eleven-year-old son Francesco da Sangallo, later a sculptor, who wrote an account over sixty years later:The first time I was in Rome when I was very young, the pope was told about the discovery of some very beautiful statues in a vineyard near Santa Maria Maggiore. The pope ordered one of his officers to run and tell Giuliano da Sangallo to go and see them.  So he set off immediately. Since Michelangelo Buonarroti was always to be found at our house, my father having summoned him and having assigned him the commission of the pope's tomb, my father wanted him to come along, too. I joined up with my father and off we went. I climbed down to where the statues were when immediately my father said, "That is the Laocoön, which Pliny mentions".  Then they dug the hole wider so that they could pull the statue out. As soon as it was visible everyone started to draw (or "started to have lunch"), all the while discoursing on ancient things, chatting as well about the ones in Florence.Julius acquired the group on March 23, giving De Fredis a job as a scribe as well as the customs revenues from one of the gates of Rome.  By August the group was placed for public viewing in a niche in the wall of the brand new Belvedere Garden at the Vatican, now part of the Vatican Museums, which regard this as the start of their history. As yet it had no base, which was not added until 1511, and from various prints and drawings from the time the older son appears to have been completely detached from the rest of the group.In July 1798 the statue was taken to France in the wake of the French conquest of Italy, though the replacement parts were left in Rome. It was on display when the new Musée Central des Arts, later the Musée Napoléon, opened at the Louvre in November 1800.  A competition was announced for new parts to complete the composition, but there were no entries. Some plaster sections by François Girardon, over 150 years old, were used instead.  After Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 most (but certainly not all) of the artworks plundered by the French were returned, and the Laocoön reached Rome in January 1816.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: Erkunde Erkläre die Renaissance über die Geschichte dieses Kunstwerks, Laokoon und seine Söhne.Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The group was unearthed in February 1506 in the vineyard of Felice De Fredis; informed of the fact, Pope Julius II, an enthusiastic classicist, sent for his court artists.  Michelangelo was called to the site of the unearthing of the statue immediately after its discovery, along with the Florentine architect Giuliano da Sangallo and his eleven-year-old son Francesco da Sangallo, later a sculptor, who wrote an account over sixty years later:The first time I was in Rome when I was very young, the pope was told about the discovery of some very beautiful statues in a vineyard near Santa Maria Maggiore. The pope ordered one of his officers to run and tell Giuliano da Sangallo to go and see them.  So he set off immediately. Since Michelangelo Buonarroti was always to be found at our house, my father having summoned him and having assigned him the commission of the pope's tomb, my father wanted him to come along, too. I joined up with my father and off we went. I climbed down to where the statues were when immediately my father said, "That is the Laocoön, which Pliny mentions".  Then they dug the hole wider so that they could pull the statue out. As soon as it was visible everyone started to draw (or "started to have lunch"), all the while discoursing on ancient things, chatting as well about the ones in Florence.Julius acquired the group on March 23, giving De Fredis a job as a scribe as well as the customs revenues from one of the gates of Rome.  By August the group was placed for public viewing in a niche in the wall of the brand new Belvedere Garden at the Vatican, now part of the Vatican Museums, which regard this as the start of their history. As yet it had no base, which was not added until 1511, and from various prints and drawings from the time the older son appears to have been completely detached from the rest of the group.In July 1798 the statue was taken to France in the wake of the French conquest of Italy, though the replacement parts were left in Rome. It was on display when the new Musée Central des Arts, later the Musée Napoléon, opened at the Louvre in November 1800.  A competition was announced for new parts to complete the composition, but there were no entries. Some plaster sections by François Girardon, over 150 years old, were used instead.  After Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 most (but certainly not all) of the artworks plundered by the French were returned, and the Laocoön reached Rome in January 1816.


Laokoon und seine Söhne

Prompt: In Laokoon und seine Söhne, wie wird die Renaissance der Geschichte erläutert?Bitte auf Englisch ausgeben.

Category:Roman copies of Greek sculptures

File:C.sf., urbino, coppa con laocoonte, 1530-1545 circa.JPG

Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance

:File:Giovanni Battista Nolli-Nuova Pianta di Roma (1748) 09-12.JPG

File:Caricature of the Laocoon group as apes.jpg

Titian's parody of the ''Laocoön'' as a group of apes

The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1612-1614)

The group as it was between c. 1540 and 1957, with Laocoön's extended arm; the sons' restored arms were removed in the 1980s.

Category:Antiquities acquired by Napoleon

Category:Sculptures in the Vatican Museums

This map shows the findspot of the sculpture{{snd}}near the R in "SERVIUS", east of the [[Sette Sale

sculptures at Tiberius's villa at Sperlonga

The group was unearthed in February 1506 in the vineyard of Felice De Fredis; informed of the fact, Pope Julius II, an enthusiastic classicist, sent for his court artists.  Michelangelo was called to the site of the unearthing of the statue immediately after its discovery, along with the Florentine architect Giuliano da Sangallo and his eleven-year-old son Francesco da Sangallo, later a sculptor, who wrote an account over sixty years later:The first time I was in Rome when I was very young, the pope was told about the discovery of some very beautiful statues in a vineyard near Santa Maria Maggiore. The pope ordered one of his officers to run and tell Giuliano da Sangallo to go and see them.  So he set off immediately. Since Michelangelo Buonarroti was always to be found at our house, my father having summoned him and having assigned him the commission of the pope's tomb, my father wanted him to come along, too. I joined up with my father and off we went. I climbed down to where the statues were when immediately my father said, "That is the Laocoön, which Pliny mentions".  Then they dug the hole wider so that they could pull the statue out. As soon as it was visible everyone started to draw (or "started to have lunch"), all the while discoursing on ancient things, chatting as well about the ones in Florence.Julius acquired the group on March 23, giving De Fredis a job as a scribe as well as the customs revenues from one of the gates of Rome.  By August the group was placed for public viewing in a niche in the wall of the brand new Belvedere Garden at the Vatican, now part of the Vatican Museums, which regard this as the start of their history. As yet it had no base, which was not added until 1511, and from various prints and drawings from the time the older son appears to have been completely detached from the rest of the group.In July 1798 the statue was taken to France in the wake of the French conquest of Italy, though the replacement parts were left in Rome. It was on display when the new Musée Central des Arts, later the Musée Napoléon, opened at the Louvre in November 1800.  A competition was announced for new parts to complete the composition, but there were no entries. Some plaster sections by François Girardon, over 150 years old, were used instead.  After Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 most (but certainly not all) of the artworks plundered by the French were returned, and the Laocoön reached Rome in January 1816.