section

horloge astronomique de Prague

The oldest part of the Orloj, the mechanical clock and astronomical dial, dates back to 1410, when it was created by clockmaker Mikuláš of Kadaň and Charles University professor of mathematics and astronomy Jan Šindel. The first recorded mention of the clock was on 9 October 1410. ter, presumably around 1490, the calendar dial was added and the clock facade was decorated with gothic sculptures.Formerly, it was believed that the Orloj was constructed in 1490 by clockmaster Jan Růže ; this is now known to be a historical mistake. A legend, recounted by Alois Jirásek, has it that the clockmaker Hanuš was blinded on the order of the Prague Councillors so that he could not repeat his work; in turn, he disabled the clock, and no one was able to repair it for the next hundred years.In 1552 it was repaired by Jan Táborský , master clockmaker of Klokotská Hora, who also wrote a report of the clock where he mentioned Hanuš as the maker of this clock. This mistake, corrected by Zdeněk Horský, was due to an incorrect interpretation of records from the period. The mistaken assumption that Hanuš was the maker is probably connected with his reconstruction of the Old Town Hall in the years 1470–1473. The clock stopped working many times in the centuries after 1552, and was repaired many times. The legend was used as the main plot in the 2008 animated film Goat story – The Old Prague Legends.In 1629 or 1659 wooden statues were added, and figures of the Apostles were added after a major repair in 1787–1791. During the next major repair in the years 1865–1866 the golden figure of a crowing rooster was added.The Orloj suffered heavy damage on 7 and especially 8 May 1945, during the Prague uprising, when the Nazis fired on the south-west side of the Old Town Square from several armoured vehicles in an unsuccessful attempt to destroy one of the centers of the uprising. The hall and nearby buildings burned, along with the wooden sculptures on the clock and the calendar dial face made by Josef Mánes. After significant effort, the machinery was repaired, the wooden Apostles restored by Vojtěch Sucharda, and the Orloj started working again in 1948.The Orloj was renovated in autumn 2005, when the statues and the lower calendar ring were restored. The wooden statues were covered with a net to keep pigeons away.The last renovation of the astronomical clock was carried out from January to September 2018, following a reconstruction of the Old Town Tower. During the renovation, an electric clock mechanism that had been in operation since 1948 was replaced by an original mechanism from the 1860s.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment est discutée la Histoire?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Alois Jirásek
Charles University
Jan Šindel
Josef Mánes
Mikuláš of Kadaň
Old Town Square
Prague
Prague uprising
Vojtěch Sucharda


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

The astronomical dial is a form of mechanical astrolabe, a device used in medieval astronomy. Alternatively, one may consider the Orloj to be a primitive planetarium, displaying the current orientation of the universe relative to the Earth.The astronomical dial has a background that represents the standing Earth and sky, and surrounding it operate four main moving components: the zodiacal ring, an outer rotating ring, an icon representing the Sun, and an icon representing the Moon.

Prompt: Concentrez-vous sur horloge astronomique de Prague et expliquez la Cadran astronomique.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

The astronomical dial is a form of mechanical astrolabe, a device used in medieval astronomy. Alternatively, one may consider the Orloj to be a primitive planetarium, displaying the current orientation of the universe relative to the Earth.The astronomical dial has a background that represents the standing Earth and sky, and surrounding it operate four main moving components: the zodiacal ring, an outer rotating ring, an icon representing the Sun, and an icon representing the Moon.

Prompt: Expliquer la Cadran astronomique de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

The astronomical dial is a form of mechanical astrolabe, a device used in medieval astronomy. Alternatively, one may consider the Orloj to be a primitive planetarium, displaying the current orientation of the universe relative to the Earth.The astronomical dial has a background that represents the standing Earth and sky, and surrounding it operate four main moving components: the zodiacal ring, an outer rotating ring, an icon representing the Sun, and an icon representing the Moon.

Prompt: Comment horloge astronomique de Prague explique-t-il sa Cadran astronomique?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

The astronomical dial is a form of mechanical astrolabe, a device used in medieval astronomy. Alternatively, one may consider the Orloj to be a primitive planetarium, displaying the current orientation of the universe relative to the Earth.The astronomical dial has a background that represents the standing Earth and sky, and surrounding it operate four main moving components: the zodiacal ring, an outer rotating ring, an icon representing the Sun, and an icon representing the Moon.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment est discutée la Cadran astronomique?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

{ align=center+ Moving figures left280px left280px 280pxleft}The four figures flanking the clock are set in motion on the hour, and represent four things that were despised at the time of the clock's making. From left to right in the photographs, the first is Vanity, represented by a figure admiring himself in a mirror. Next, the miser holding a bag of gold represents greed or usury. Across the clock stands Death, a skeleton that strikes the time upon the hour. Finally, there is a Turkish figure representing lust and earthly pleasures. On the hour, the skeleton rings the bell and immediately all other figures shake their heads side to side, signifying their unreadiness "to go".Every hour of the day, statues of the Twelve Apostles with their attributes appear at the doorways above the clock. The left and right windows above the astronomical clock slide aside to reveal the Apostles as viewed from the square in this order: James the Less and Peter, Andrew and Matthias, Thaddeus and Philip, Thomas and Paul, John and Simon, Barnabas and Bartholomew. Unlike the list of the Twelve Apostles mentioned in the canonical gospels, James the Great and Matthew are missing, replaced by Paul and Barnabas.

Prompt: Concentrez-vous sur horloge astronomique de Prague et expliquez la figures animées.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

{ align=center+ Moving figures left280px left280px 280pxleft}The four figures flanking the clock are set in motion on the hour, and represent four things that were despised at the time of the clock's making. From left to right in the photographs, the first is Vanity, represented by a figure admiring himself in a mirror. Next, the miser holding a bag of gold represents greed or usury. Across the clock stands Death, a skeleton that strikes the time upon the hour. Finally, there is a Turkish figure representing lust and earthly pleasures. On the hour, the skeleton rings the bell and immediately all other figures shake their heads side to side, signifying their unreadiness "to go".Every hour of the day, statues of the Twelve Apostles with their attributes appear at the doorways above the clock. The left and right windows above the astronomical clock slide aside to reveal the Apostles as viewed from the square in this order: James the Less and Peter, Andrew and Matthias, Thaddeus and Philip, Thomas and Paul, John and Simon, Barnabas and Bartholomew. Unlike the list of the Twelve Apostles mentioned in the canonical gospels, James the Great and Matthew are missing, replaced by Paul and Barnabas.

Prompt: Expliquer la figures animées de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

{ align=center+ Moving figures left280px left280px 280pxleft}The four figures flanking the clock are set in motion on the hour, and represent four things that were despised at the time of the clock's making. From left to right in the photographs, the first is Vanity, represented by a figure admiring himself in a mirror. Next, the miser holding a bag of gold represents greed or usury. Across the clock stands Death, a skeleton that strikes the time upon the hour. Finally, there is a Turkish figure representing lust and earthly pleasures. On the hour, the skeleton rings the bell and immediately all other figures shake their heads side to side, signifying their unreadiness "to go".Every hour of the day, statues of the Twelve Apostles with their attributes appear at the doorways above the clock. The left and right windows above the astronomical clock slide aside to reveal the Apostles as viewed from the square in this order: James the Less and Peter, Andrew and Matthias, Thaddeus and Philip, Thomas and Paul, John and Simon, Barnabas and Bartholomew. Unlike the list of the Twelve Apostles mentioned in the canonical gospels, James the Great and Matthew are missing, replaced by Paul and Barnabas.

Prompt: Comment horloge astronomique de Prague explique-t-il sa figures animées?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

{ align=center+ Moving figures left280px left280px 280pxleft}The four figures flanking the clock are set in motion on the hour, and represent four things that were despised at the time of the clock's making. From left to right in the photographs, the first is Vanity, represented by a figure admiring himself in a mirror. Next, the miser holding a bag of gold represents greed or usury. Across the clock stands Death, a skeleton that strikes the time upon the hour. Finally, there is a Turkish figure representing lust and earthly pleasures. On the hour, the skeleton rings the bell and immediately all other figures shake their heads side to side, signifying their unreadiness "to go".Every hour of the day, statues of the Twelve Apostles with their attributes appear at the doorways above the clock. The left and right windows above the astronomical clock slide aside to reveal the Apostles as viewed from the square in this order: James the Less and Peter, Andrew and Matthias, Thaddeus and Philip, Thomas and Paul, John and Simon, Barnabas and Bartholomew. Unlike the list of the Twelve Apostles mentioned in the canonical gospels, James the Great and Matthew are missing, replaced by Paul and Barnabas.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment est discutée la figures animées?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

{ align=center+ Calendar overview and detail left275px left275px}The calendar plate below the clock was replaced by a copy in 1880. The original made by Josef Mánes is stored in the Prague City Museum. On the edge of the circle is a church calendar with fixed holidays and the names of 365 saints. The board displays allegories of the months. Smaller images represent zodiac signs.Next to the calendar stands a philosopher, archangel Michael pointing at the top of the dial, an astronomer and a chronicler.

Prompt: Concentrez-vous sur horloge astronomique de Prague et expliquez la Calendrier.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

{ align=center+ Calendar overview and detail left275px left275px}The calendar plate below the clock was replaced by a copy in 1880. The original made by Josef Mánes is stored in the Prague City Museum. On the edge of the circle is a church calendar with fixed holidays and the names of 365 saints. The board displays allegories of the months. Smaller images represent zodiac signs.Next to the calendar stands a philosopher, archangel Michael pointing at the top of the dial, an astronomer and a chronicler.

Prompt: Expliquer la Calendrier de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

{ align=center+ Calendar overview and detail left275px left275px}The calendar plate below the clock was replaced by a copy in 1880. The original made by Josef Mánes is stored in the Prague City Museum. On the edge of the circle is a church calendar with fixed holidays and the names of 365 saints. The board displays allegories of the months. Smaller images represent zodiac signs.Next to the calendar stands a philosopher, archangel Michael pointing at the top of the dial, an astronomer and a chronicler.

Prompt: Comment horloge astronomique de Prague explique-t-il sa Calendrier?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

{ align=center+ Calendar overview and detail left275px left275px}The calendar plate below the clock was replaced by a copy in 1880. The original made by Josef Mánes is stored in the Prague City Museum. On the edge of the circle is a church calendar with fixed holidays and the names of 365 saints. The board displays allegories of the months. Smaller images represent zodiac signs.Next to the calendar stands a philosopher, archangel Michael pointing at the top of the dial, an astronomer and a chronicler.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment est discutée la Calendrier?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

Antikythera mechanism Armillary sphere Equation of time Geocentric model Horology Orrery Šindel sequence Torquetum A replica of the clock is in Mapo District, Seoul

Prompt: Concentrez-vous sur horloge astronomique de Prague et expliquez la Voir aussi.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Antikythera mechanism
Armillary sphere
Equation of time
Geocentric model
Mapo District
Orrery
Seoul
Torquetum
Šindel sequence


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

Antikythera mechanism Armillary sphere Equation of time Geocentric model Horology Orrery Šindel sequence Torquetum A replica of the clock is in Mapo District, Seoul

Prompt: Expliquer la Voir aussi de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Antikythera mechanism
Armillary sphere
Equation of time
Geocentric model
Mapo District
Orrery
Seoul
Torquetum
Šindel sequence


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

Antikythera mechanism Armillary sphere Equation of time Geocentric model Horology Orrery Šindel sequence Torquetum A replica of the clock is in Mapo District, Seoul

Prompt: Comment horloge astronomique de Prague explique-t-il sa Voir aussi?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Antikythera mechanism
Armillary sphere
Equation of time
Geocentric model
Mapo District
Orrery
Seoul
Torquetum
Šindel sequence


section

horloge astronomique de Prague

Antikythera mechanism Armillary sphere Equation of time Geocentric model Horology Orrery Šindel sequence Torquetum A replica of the clock is in Mapo District, Seoul

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment est discutée la Voir aussi?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Antikythera mechanism
Armillary sphere
Equation of time
Geocentric model
Mapo District
Orrery
Seoul
Torquetum
Šindel sequence


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On 9 October 2010, the Orloj's 600th anniversary was celebrated with a light show on the face of the clock tower. Two projectors were used to project several animated videos on the clock. The videos showed it being built, torn down, rebuilt, and peeled away to show its internal mechanisms and the famous animated figures, as well as various events in the clock's history. The video interacted with the tower's architecture, such as rain rolling off the arch, and showing the passage of time with moving shadows.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la Six-centième anniversaire et la Histoire.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On 9 October 2010, the Orloj's 600th anniversary was celebrated with a light show on the face of the clock tower. Two projectors were used to project several animated videos on the clock. The videos showed it being built, torn down, rebuilt, and peeled away to show its internal mechanisms and the famous animated figures, as well as various events in the clock's history. The video interacted with the tower's architecture, such as rain rolling off the arch, and showing the passage of time with moving shadows.

Prompt: Expliquer la Six-centième anniversaire concernant la Histoire de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On 9 October 2010, the Orloj's 600th anniversary was celebrated with a light show on the face of the clock tower. Two projectors were used to project several animated videos on the clock. The videos showed it being built, torn down, rebuilt, and peeled away to show its internal mechanisms and the famous animated figures, as well as various events in the clock's history. The video interacted with the tower's architecture, such as rain rolling off the arch, and showing the passage of time with moving shadows.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la Six-centième anniversaire de la Histoire est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On 9 October 2010, the Orloj's 600th anniversary was celebrated with a light show on the face of the clock tower. Two projectors were used to project several animated videos on the clock. The videos showed it being built, torn down, rebuilt, and peeled away to show its internal mechanisms and the famous animated figures, as well as various events in the clock's history. The video interacted with the tower's architecture, such as rain rolling off the arch, and showing the passage of time with moving shadows.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Six-centième anniversaire dans la Histoire de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On its 605th anniversary, 9 October 2015, the Orloj appeared on the Google home page as a Google Doodle.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la six cent cinquième anniversaire et la Histoire.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On its 605th anniversary, 9 October 2015, the Orloj appeared on the Google home page as a Google Doodle.

Prompt: Expliquer la six cent cinquième anniversaire concernant la Histoire de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On its 605th anniversary, 9 October 2015, the Orloj appeared on the Google home page as a Google Doodle.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la six cent cinquième anniversaire de la Histoire est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On its 605th anniversary, 9 October 2015, the Orloj appeared on the Google home page as a Google Doodle.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la six cent cinquième anniversaire dans la Histoire de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The Orloj was taken down for reconstruction and replaced by a LED screen in early 2018, with the restoration works scheduled to last for the whole summer tourist season of 2018 and the restored actual Orloj eventually being back in service soon enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Czechoslovakia at the end of October 2018. With the reconstruction and restoration work completed, it resumed operations at 6 p.m. local time on 28 September 2018.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la reconstruction et la Histoire.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The Orloj was taken down for reconstruction and replaced by a LED screen in early 2018, with the restoration works scheduled to last for the whole summer tourist season of 2018 and the restored actual Orloj eventually being back in service soon enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Czechoslovakia at the end of October 2018. With the reconstruction and restoration work completed, it resumed operations at 6 p.m. local time on 28 September 2018.

Prompt: Expliquer la reconstruction concernant la Histoire de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The Orloj was taken down for reconstruction and replaced by a LED screen in early 2018, with the restoration works scheduled to last for the whole summer tourist season of 2018 and the restored actual Orloj eventually being back in service soon enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Czechoslovakia at the end of October 2018. With the reconstruction and restoration work completed, it resumed operations at 6 p.m. local time on 28 September 2018.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la reconstruction de la Histoire est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The Orloj was taken down for reconstruction and replaced by a LED screen in early 2018, with the restoration works scheduled to last for the whole summer tourist season of 2018 and the restored actual Orloj eventually being back in service soon enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Czechoslovakia at the end of October 2018. With the reconstruction and restoration work completed, it resumed operations at 6 p.m. local time on 28 September 2018.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la reconstruction dans la Histoire de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la 2022 reconstruction controverse et la Histoire.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

Prompt: Expliquer la 2022 reconstruction controverse concernant la Histoire de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la 2022 reconstruction controverse de la Histoire est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la 2022 reconstruction controverse dans la Histoire de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern  part of the horizon is aurora  and ortus . On the western  part is occasus , and crepusculum .Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la Stationnaire arrière-plan et la Histoire.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Central European Time
Prague
Roman numerals
Sun


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern  part of the horizon is aurora  and ortus . On the western  part is occasus , and crepusculum .Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

Prompt: Expliquer la Stationnaire arrière-plan concernant la Histoire de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Central European Time
Prague
Roman numerals
Sun


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern  part of the horizon is aurora  and ortus . On the western  part is occasus , and crepusculum .Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la Stationnaire arrière-plan de la Histoire est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Central European Time
Prague
Roman numerals
Sun


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern  part of the horizon is aurora  and ortus . On the western  part is occasus , and crepusculum .Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Stationnaire arrière-plan dans la Histoire de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Central European Time
Prague
Roman numerals
Sun


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la Anneau zodiaque et la Histoire.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

Prompt: Expliquer la Anneau zodiaque concernant la Histoire de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la Anneau zodiaque de la Histoire est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Anneau zodiaque dans la Histoire de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time , with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm .

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la vieux, tchèque, échelle, de, temps et la Histoire.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time , with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm .

Prompt: Expliquer la vieux, tchèque, échelle, de, temps concernant la Histoire de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time , with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm .

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la vieux, tchèque, échelle, de, temps de la Histoire est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time , with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm .

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la vieux, tchèque, échelle, de, temps dans la Histoire de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:# The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.# The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.# The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la Soleil et la Histoire.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:# The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.# The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.# The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

Prompt: Expliquer la Soleil concernant la Histoire de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:# The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.# The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.# The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la Soleil de la Histoire est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:# The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.# The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.# The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Soleil dans la Histoire de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la Lune et la Histoire.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

Prompt: Expliquer la Lune concernant la Histoire de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la Lune de la Histoire est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Lune dans la Histoire de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On 9 October 2010, the Orloj's 600th anniversary was celebrated with a light show on the face of the clock tower. Two projectors were used to project several animated videos on the clock. The videos showed it being built, torn down, rebuilt, and peeled away to show its internal mechanisms and the famous animated figures, as well as various events in the clock's history. The video interacted with the tower's architecture, such as rain rolling off the arch, and showing the passage of time with moving shadows.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la Six-centième anniversaire et la Cadran astronomique.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On 9 October 2010, the Orloj's 600th anniversary was celebrated with a light show on the face of the clock tower. Two projectors were used to project several animated videos on the clock. The videos showed it being built, torn down, rebuilt, and peeled away to show its internal mechanisms and the famous animated figures, as well as various events in the clock's history. The video interacted with the tower's architecture, such as rain rolling off the arch, and showing the passage of time with moving shadows.

Prompt: Expliquer la Six-centième anniversaire concernant la Cadran astronomique de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On 9 October 2010, the Orloj's 600th anniversary was celebrated with a light show on the face of the clock tower. Two projectors were used to project several animated videos on the clock. The videos showed it being built, torn down, rebuilt, and peeled away to show its internal mechanisms and the famous animated figures, as well as various events in the clock's history. The video interacted with the tower's architecture, such as rain rolling off the arch, and showing the passage of time with moving shadows.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la Six-centième anniversaire de la Cadran astronomique est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On 9 October 2010, the Orloj's 600th anniversary was celebrated with a light show on the face of the clock tower. Two projectors were used to project several animated videos on the clock. The videos showed it being built, torn down, rebuilt, and peeled away to show its internal mechanisms and the famous animated figures, as well as various events in the clock's history. The video interacted with the tower's architecture, such as rain rolling off the arch, and showing the passage of time with moving shadows.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Six-centième anniversaire dans la Cadran astronomique de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On its 605th anniversary, 9 October 2015, the Orloj appeared on the Google home page as a Google Doodle.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la six cent cinquième anniversaire et la Cadran astronomique.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On its 605th anniversary, 9 October 2015, the Orloj appeared on the Google home page as a Google Doodle.

Prompt: Expliquer la six cent cinquième anniversaire concernant la Cadran astronomique de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On its 605th anniversary, 9 October 2015, the Orloj appeared on the Google home page as a Google Doodle.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la six cent cinquième anniversaire de la Cadran astronomique est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

On its 605th anniversary, 9 October 2015, the Orloj appeared on the Google home page as a Google Doodle.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la six cent cinquième anniversaire dans la Cadran astronomique de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The Orloj was taken down for reconstruction and replaced by a LED screen in early 2018, with the restoration works scheduled to last for the whole summer tourist season of 2018 and the restored actual Orloj eventually being back in service soon enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Czechoslovakia at the end of October 2018. With the reconstruction and restoration work completed, it resumed operations at 6 p.m. local time on 28 September 2018.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la reconstruction et la Cadran astronomique.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The Orloj was taken down for reconstruction and replaced by a LED screen in early 2018, with the restoration works scheduled to last for the whole summer tourist season of 2018 and the restored actual Orloj eventually being back in service soon enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Czechoslovakia at the end of October 2018. With the reconstruction and restoration work completed, it resumed operations at 6 p.m. local time on 28 September 2018.

Prompt: Expliquer la reconstruction concernant la Cadran astronomique de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The Orloj was taken down for reconstruction and replaced by a LED screen in early 2018, with the restoration works scheduled to last for the whole summer tourist season of 2018 and the restored actual Orloj eventually being back in service soon enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Czechoslovakia at the end of October 2018. With the reconstruction and restoration work completed, it resumed operations at 6 p.m. local time on 28 September 2018.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la reconstruction de la Cadran astronomique est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The Orloj was taken down for reconstruction and replaced by a LED screen in early 2018, with the restoration works scheduled to last for the whole summer tourist season of 2018 and the restored actual Orloj eventually being back in service soon enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Czechoslovakia at the end of October 2018. With the reconstruction and restoration work completed, it resumed operations at 6 p.m. local time on 28 September 2018.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la reconstruction dans la Cadran astronomique de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la 2022 reconstruction controverse et la Cadran astronomique.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

Prompt: Expliquer la 2022 reconstruction controverse concernant la Cadran astronomique de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la 2022 reconstruction controverse de la Cadran astronomique est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la 2022 reconstruction controverse dans la Cadran astronomique de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern  part of the horizon is aurora  and ortus . On the western  part is occasus , and crepusculum .Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la Stationnaire arrière-plan et la Cadran astronomique.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Central European Time
Prague
Roman numerals
Sun


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern  part of the horizon is aurora  and ortus . On the western  part is occasus , and crepusculum .Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

Prompt: Expliquer la Stationnaire arrière-plan concernant la Cadran astronomique de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Central European Time
Prague
Roman numerals
Sun


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern  part of the horizon is aurora  and ortus . On the western  part is occasus , and crepusculum .Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la Stationnaire arrière-plan de la Cadran astronomique est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Central European Time
Prague
Roman numerals
Sun


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern  part of the horizon is aurora  and ortus . On the western  part is occasus , and crepusculum .Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Stationnaire arrière-plan dans la Cadran astronomique de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Central European Time
Prague
Roman numerals
Sun


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la Anneau zodiaque et la Cadran astronomique.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

Prompt: Expliquer la Anneau zodiaque concernant la Cadran astronomique de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la Anneau zodiaque de la Cadran astronomique est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Anneau zodiaque dans la Cadran astronomique de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time , with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm .

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la vieux, tchèque, échelle, de, temps et la Cadran astronomique.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time , with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm .

Prompt: Expliquer la vieux, tchèque, échelle, de, temps concernant la Cadran astronomique de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time , with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm .

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la vieux, tchèque, échelle, de, temps de la Cadran astronomique est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time , with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm .

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la vieux, tchèque, échelle, de, temps dans la Cadran astronomique de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:# The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.# The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.# The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la Soleil et la Cadran astronomique.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:# The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.# The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.# The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

Prompt: Expliquer la Soleil concernant la Cadran astronomique de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:# The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.# The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.# The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la Soleil de la Cadran astronomique est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:# The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.# The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.# The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Soleil dans la Cadran astronomique de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

Prompt: Dans le contexte de horloge astronomique de Prague, expliquez la Lune et la Cadran astronomique.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

Prompt: Expliquer la Lune concernant la Cadran astronomique de cette œuvre d'art, horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

Prompt: Dans horloge astronomique de Prague, comment la Lune de la Cadran astronomique est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

horloge astronomique de Prague

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Lune dans la Cadran astronomique de horloge astronomique de Prague.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

type=Oil on panel height_metric=38.1 width_metric=37 metric_unit=cm imperial_unit=in city=Washington, D.C. museum=National Gallery of Art}}Ginevra de' Benci is a portrait painting by Leonardo da Vinci of the 15th-century Florentine aristocrat Ginevra de' Benci . It was acquired by the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. US from Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein in February 1967 for a record price for a painting of between $5 and $6 million. It is the only painting by Leonardo on public view in the Americas.

Prompt: Concentrez-vous sur Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci et expliquez la Abstrait.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

type=Oil on panel height_metric=38.1 width_metric=37 metric_unit=cm imperial_unit=in city=Washington, D.C. museum=National Gallery of Art}}Ginevra de' Benci is a portrait painting by Leonardo da Vinci of the 15th-century Florentine aristocrat Ginevra de' Benci . It was acquired by the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. US from Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein in February 1967 for a record price for a painting of between $5 and $6 million. It is the only painting by Leonardo on public view in the Americas.

Prompt: Expliquer la Abstrait de cette œuvre d'art, Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

type=Oil on panel height_metric=38.1 width_metric=37 metric_unit=cm imperial_unit=in city=Washington, D.C. museum=National Gallery of Art}}Ginevra de' Benci is a portrait painting by Leonardo da Vinci of the 15th-century Florentine aristocrat Ginevra de' Benci . It was acquired by the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. US from Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein in February 1967 for a record price for a painting of between $5 and $6 million. It is the only painting by Leonardo on public view in the Americas.

Prompt: Comment Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci explique-t-il sa Abstrait?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

type=Oil on panel height_metric=38.1 width_metric=37 metric_unit=cm imperial_unit=in city=Washington, D.C. museum=National Gallery of Art}}Ginevra de' Benci is a portrait painting by Leonardo da Vinci of the 15th-century Florentine aristocrat Ginevra de' Benci . It was acquired by the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. US from Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein in February 1967 for a record price for a painting of between $5 and $6 million. It is the only painting by Leonardo on public view in the Americas.

Prompt: Dans Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci, comment est discutée la Abstrait?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

Ginevra de' Benci, a well-known young Florentine woman, is universally considered to be the portrait's sitter. Leonardo painted the portrait in Florence between 1474 and 1478, possibly to commemorate Ginevra's marriage to Luigi di Bernardo Niccolini at the age of 16. More likely, it commemorates the engagement. Commonly, contemporary portraits of females were commissioned for either of two occasions: betrothal or marriage.  Wedding portraits traditionally were created in pairs, with the woman on the right, facing left; since this portrait faces right, it more likely represents betrothal.The juniper bush that surrounds Ginevra's head and fills much of the background, serves more than mere decorative purposes. In Renaissance Italy, the juniper was regarded a symbol of female virtue, while the Italian word for juniper, ginepro, also makes a play on Ginevra's name.The imagery and text on the reverse of the panel—a juniper sprig encircled by a wreath of laurel and palm, memorialized by the tin motto  —further support the identification of the portrait. The phrase is understood as symbolizing the intricate relationship between Ginevra's intellectual and moral virtue on the one hand, and her physical beauty on the other. The sprig of juniper, encircled by laurel and palm, suggests her name. The laurel and palm are in the personal emblem of Bernardo Bembo, a Venetian ambassador to Florence whose platonic relationship with Ginevra is revealed in poems exchanged between them. Infrared examination has revealed Bembo's motto "Virtue and Honor" beneath Ginevra's, making it likely that Bembo was somehow involved in the commission of the portrait.The portrait is one of the highlights of the National Gallery of Art, and is admired by many for its portrayal of Ginevra's temperament. Ginevra is beautiful, but austere; she has no hint of a smile and her gaze, although forward, seems indifferent to the viewer.At some point, the bottom of the painting was removed, presumably owing to damage, and Ginevra's arms and hands are thought to have been lost. Using the golden ratio, Susan Dorothea White has drawn an interpretation of how her arms and hands may have been positioned in the original. The adaptation is based on drawings of hands by Leonardo thought to be studies for this painting.

Prompt: Concentrez-vous sur Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci et expliquez la sujet.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Bernardo Bembo
Florence
Luigi di Bernardo Niccolini
National Gallery of Art
Susan Dorothea White


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

Ginevra de' Benci, a well-known young Florentine woman, is universally considered to be the portrait's sitter. Leonardo painted the portrait in Florence between 1474 and 1478, possibly to commemorate Ginevra's marriage to Luigi di Bernardo Niccolini at the age of 16. More likely, it commemorates the engagement. Commonly, contemporary portraits of females were commissioned for either of two occasions: betrothal or marriage.  Wedding portraits traditionally were created in pairs, with the woman on the right, facing left; since this portrait faces right, it more likely represents betrothal.The juniper bush that surrounds Ginevra's head and fills much of the background, serves more than mere decorative purposes. In Renaissance Italy, the juniper was regarded a symbol of female virtue, while the Italian word for juniper, ginepro, also makes a play on Ginevra's name.The imagery and text on the reverse of the panel—a juniper sprig encircled by a wreath of laurel and palm, memorialized by the tin motto  —further support the identification of the portrait. The phrase is understood as symbolizing the intricate relationship between Ginevra's intellectual and moral virtue on the one hand, and her physical beauty on the other. The sprig of juniper, encircled by laurel and palm, suggests her name. The laurel and palm are in the personal emblem of Bernardo Bembo, a Venetian ambassador to Florence whose platonic relationship with Ginevra is revealed in poems exchanged between them. Infrared examination has revealed Bembo's motto "Virtue and Honor" beneath Ginevra's, making it likely that Bembo was somehow involved in the commission of the portrait.The portrait is one of the highlights of the National Gallery of Art, and is admired by many for its portrayal of Ginevra's temperament. Ginevra is beautiful, but austere; she has no hint of a smile and her gaze, although forward, seems indifferent to the viewer.At some point, the bottom of the painting was removed, presumably owing to damage, and Ginevra's arms and hands are thought to have been lost. Using the golden ratio, Susan Dorothea White has drawn an interpretation of how her arms and hands may have been positioned in the original. The adaptation is based on drawings of hands by Leonardo thought to be studies for this painting.

Prompt: Expliquer la sujet de cette œuvre d'art, Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Bernardo Bembo
Florence
Luigi di Bernardo Niccolini
National Gallery of Art
Susan Dorothea White


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

Ginevra de' Benci, a well-known young Florentine woman, is universally considered to be the portrait's sitter. Leonardo painted the portrait in Florence between 1474 and 1478, possibly to commemorate Ginevra's marriage to Luigi di Bernardo Niccolini at the age of 16. More likely, it commemorates the engagement. Commonly, contemporary portraits of females were commissioned for either of two occasions: betrothal or marriage.  Wedding portraits traditionally were created in pairs, with the woman on the right, facing left; since this portrait faces right, it more likely represents betrothal.The juniper bush that surrounds Ginevra's head and fills much of the background, serves more than mere decorative purposes. In Renaissance Italy, the juniper was regarded a symbol of female virtue, while the Italian word for juniper, ginepro, also makes a play on Ginevra's name.The imagery and text on the reverse of the panel—a juniper sprig encircled by a wreath of laurel and palm, memorialized by the tin motto  —further support the identification of the portrait. The phrase is understood as symbolizing the intricate relationship between Ginevra's intellectual and moral virtue on the one hand, and her physical beauty on the other. The sprig of juniper, encircled by laurel and palm, suggests her name. The laurel and palm are in the personal emblem of Bernardo Bembo, a Venetian ambassador to Florence whose platonic relationship with Ginevra is revealed in poems exchanged between them. Infrared examination has revealed Bembo's motto "Virtue and Honor" beneath Ginevra's, making it likely that Bembo was somehow involved in the commission of the portrait.The portrait is one of the highlights of the National Gallery of Art, and is admired by many for its portrayal of Ginevra's temperament. Ginevra is beautiful, but austere; she has no hint of a smile and her gaze, although forward, seems indifferent to the viewer.At some point, the bottom of the painting was removed, presumably owing to damage, and Ginevra's arms and hands are thought to have been lost. Using the golden ratio, Susan Dorothea White has drawn an interpretation of how her arms and hands may have been positioned in the original. The adaptation is based on drawings of hands by Leonardo thought to be studies for this painting.

Prompt: Comment Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci explique-t-il sa sujet?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Bernardo Bembo
Florence
Luigi di Bernardo Niccolini
National Gallery of Art
Susan Dorothea White


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

Ginevra de' Benci, a well-known young Florentine woman, is universally considered to be the portrait's sitter. Leonardo painted the portrait in Florence between 1474 and 1478, possibly to commemorate Ginevra's marriage to Luigi di Bernardo Niccolini at the age of 16. More likely, it commemorates the engagement. Commonly, contemporary portraits of females were commissioned for either of two occasions: betrothal or marriage.  Wedding portraits traditionally were created in pairs, with the woman on the right, facing left; since this portrait faces right, it more likely represents betrothal.The juniper bush that surrounds Ginevra's head and fills much of the background, serves more than mere decorative purposes. In Renaissance Italy, the juniper was regarded a symbol of female virtue, while the Italian word for juniper, ginepro, also makes a play on Ginevra's name.The imagery and text on the reverse of the panel—a juniper sprig encircled by a wreath of laurel and palm, memorialized by the tin motto  —further support the identification of the portrait. The phrase is understood as symbolizing the intricate relationship between Ginevra's intellectual and moral virtue on the one hand, and her physical beauty on the other. The sprig of juniper, encircled by laurel and palm, suggests her name. The laurel and palm are in the personal emblem of Bernardo Bembo, a Venetian ambassador to Florence whose platonic relationship with Ginevra is revealed in poems exchanged between them. Infrared examination has revealed Bembo's motto "Virtue and Honor" beneath Ginevra's, making it likely that Bembo was somehow involved in the commission of the portrait.The portrait is one of the highlights of the National Gallery of Art, and is admired by many for its portrayal of Ginevra's temperament. Ginevra is beautiful, but austere; she has no hint of a smile and her gaze, although forward, seems indifferent to the viewer.At some point, the bottom of the painting was removed, presumably owing to damage, and Ginevra's arms and hands are thought to have been lost. Using the golden ratio, Susan Dorothea White has drawn an interpretation of how her arms and hands may have been positioned in the original. The adaptation is based on drawings of hands by Leonardo thought to be studies for this painting.

Prompt: Dans Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci, comment est discutée la sujet?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Bernardo Bembo
Florence
Luigi di Bernardo Niccolini
National Gallery of Art
Susan Dorothea White


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

As a woman of renowned beauty, Ginevra de' Benci was also the subject of ten poems written by members of the Medici circle, Cristoforo ndino and Alessandro Braccesi, and of two sonnets by Lorenzo de' Medici himself. According to Giorgio Vasari, Ginevra de' Benci was also included in the fresco by Domenico Ghirlandaio of the Visitation of Mary and Elizabeth in the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, but it is now believed that Vasari made a mistake and that Ghirlandaio painted Giovanna Tornabuoni. Ginevra's brother Giovanni  was a friend of Leonardo. When Vasari wrote his Lives, Leonardo's unfinished Adoration of the Magi was in the house of Amerigo Benci, Giovanni's son. In 2017, the researcher and cryptographer Carla Glori anagrammatized fifty tin sentences signed VINCI, formed with the very same alphabetical letters of the motto  when supplemented with the tin word iuniperus . Glori argues that the anagrams form a coherent text and have a meaning that unequivocally refers to the portrait and to the biography of Ginevra Benci.

Prompt: Concentrez-vous sur Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci et expliquez la Trivialités.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Domenico Ghirlandaio
Florence
Giorgio Vasari
Lorenzo de' Medici
Santa Maria Novella


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

As a woman of renowned beauty, Ginevra de' Benci was also the subject of ten poems written by members of the Medici circle, Cristoforo ndino and Alessandro Braccesi, and of two sonnets by Lorenzo de' Medici himself. According to Giorgio Vasari, Ginevra de' Benci was also included in the fresco by Domenico Ghirlandaio of the Visitation of Mary and Elizabeth in the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, but it is now believed that Vasari made a mistake and that Ghirlandaio painted Giovanna Tornabuoni. Ginevra's brother Giovanni  was a friend of Leonardo. When Vasari wrote his Lives, Leonardo's unfinished Adoration of the Magi was in the house of Amerigo Benci, Giovanni's son. In 2017, the researcher and cryptographer Carla Glori anagrammatized fifty tin sentences signed VINCI, formed with the very same alphabetical letters of the motto  when supplemented with the tin word iuniperus . Glori argues that the anagrams form a coherent text and have a meaning that unequivocally refers to the portrait and to the biography of Ginevra Benci.

Prompt: Expliquer la Trivialités de cette œuvre d'art, Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Domenico Ghirlandaio
Florence
Giorgio Vasari
Lorenzo de' Medici
Santa Maria Novella


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

As a woman of renowned beauty, Ginevra de' Benci was also the subject of ten poems written by members of the Medici circle, Cristoforo ndino and Alessandro Braccesi, and of two sonnets by Lorenzo de' Medici himself. According to Giorgio Vasari, Ginevra de' Benci was also included in the fresco by Domenico Ghirlandaio of the Visitation of Mary and Elizabeth in the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, but it is now believed that Vasari made a mistake and that Ghirlandaio painted Giovanna Tornabuoni. Ginevra's brother Giovanni  was a friend of Leonardo. When Vasari wrote his Lives, Leonardo's unfinished Adoration of the Magi was in the house of Amerigo Benci, Giovanni's son. In 2017, the researcher and cryptographer Carla Glori anagrammatized fifty tin sentences signed VINCI, formed with the very same alphabetical letters of the motto  when supplemented with the tin word iuniperus . Glori argues that the anagrams form a coherent text and have a meaning that unequivocally refers to the portrait and to the biography of Ginevra Benci.

Prompt: Comment Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci explique-t-il sa Trivialités?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Domenico Ghirlandaio
Florence
Giorgio Vasari
Lorenzo de' Medici
Santa Maria Novella


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

As a woman of renowned beauty, Ginevra de' Benci was also the subject of ten poems written by members of the Medici circle, Cristoforo ndino and Alessandro Braccesi, and of two sonnets by Lorenzo de' Medici himself. According to Giorgio Vasari, Ginevra de' Benci was also included in the fresco by Domenico Ghirlandaio of the Visitation of Mary and Elizabeth in the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, but it is now believed that Vasari made a mistake and that Ghirlandaio painted Giovanna Tornabuoni. Ginevra's brother Giovanni  was a friend of Leonardo. When Vasari wrote his Lives, Leonardo's unfinished Adoration of the Magi was in the house of Amerigo Benci, Giovanni's son. In 2017, the researcher and cryptographer Carla Glori anagrammatized fifty tin sentences signed VINCI, formed with the very same alphabetical letters of the motto  when supplemented with the tin word iuniperus . Glori argues that the anagrams form a coherent text and have a meaning that unequivocally refers to the portrait and to the biography of Ginevra Benci.

Prompt: Dans Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci, comment est discutée la Trivialités?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Domenico Ghirlandaio
Florence
Giorgio Vasari
Lorenzo de' Medici
Santa Maria Novella


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

List of works by Leonardo da Vinci Pietro Bembo, notable son of Bernardo Bembo

Prompt: Concentrez-vous sur Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci et expliquez la Voir aussi.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Bernardo Bembo
Leonardo da Vinci
List of works by Leonardo da Vinci
Pietro Bembo


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

List of works by Leonardo da Vinci Pietro Bembo, notable son of Bernardo Bembo

Prompt: Expliquer la Voir aussi de cette œuvre d'art, Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci.Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Bernardo Bembo
Leonardo da Vinci
List of works by Leonardo da Vinci
Pietro Bembo


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

List of works by Leonardo da Vinci Pietro Bembo, notable son of Bernardo Bembo

Prompt: Comment Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci explique-t-il sa Voir aussi?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Bernardo Bembo
Leonardo da Vinci
List of works by Leonardo da Vinci
Pietro Bembo


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

List of works by Leonardo da Vinci Pietro Bembo, notable son of Bernardo Bembo

Prompt: Dans Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci, comment est discutée la Voir aussi?Veuillez sortir en anglais.

Bernardo Bembo
Leonardo da Vinci
List of works by Leonardo da Vinci
Pietro Bembo


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

For an unorthodox view on Ginevra de' Benci see:  or the Second Revised Edition of the same book, by Gingko Edizioni, Verona, For an in depth analysis of the "motions of the mind"  of Ginevra de Benci see Glori C, I moti mentali e la biografia di Ginevra de Benci in https://www.academia.edu/41930706/I_moti_mentali_e_la_biografia_di_Ginevra_Benci_Ritrar_listoria_nel_segno_della_psicoanalisi_e_dellarte_contemporanea

Prompt: Concentrez-vous sur Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci et expliquez la Références.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

For an unorthodox view on Ginevra de' Benci see:  or the Second Revised Edition of the same book, by Gingko Edizioni, Verona, For an in depth analysis of the "motions of the mind"  of Ginevra de Benci see Glori C, I moti mentali e la biografia di Ginevra de Benci in https://www.academia.edu/41930706/I_moti_mentali_e_la_biografia_di_Ginevra_Benci_Ritrar_listoria_nel_segno_della_psicoanalisi_e_dellarte_contemporanea

Prompt: Expliquer la Références de cette œuvre d'art, Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

For an unorthodox view on Ginevra de' Benci see:  or the Second Revised Edition of the same book, by Gingko Edizioni, Verona, For an in depth analysis of the "motions of the mind"  of Ginevra de Benci see Glori C, I moti mentali e la biografia di Ginevra de Benci in https://www.academia.edu/41930706/I_moti_mentali_e_la_biografia_di_Ginevra_Benci_Ritrar_listoria_nel_segno_della_psicoanalisi_e_dellarte_contemporanea

Prompt: Comment Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci explique-t-il sa Références?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


section

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

For an unorthodox view on Ginevra de' Benci see:  or the Second Revised Edition of the same book, by Gingko Edizioni, Verona, For an in depth analysis of the "motions of the mind"  of Ginevra de Benci see Glori C, I moti mentali e la biografia di Ginevra de Benci in https://www.academia.edu/41930706/I_moti_mentali_e_la_biografia_di_Ginevra_Benci_Ritrar_listoria_nel_segno_della_psicoanalisi_e_dellarte_contemporanea

Prompt: Dans Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci, comment est discutée la Références?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


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Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

Hand, J. O. . National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection.  New York: National Gallery of Art, Washington.  . p. 28. Brown, David Alan . Virtue and Beauty: Leonardo's Ginevra de' Benci and Renaissance Portraits of Women. Princeton University Press. .

Prompt: Dans le contexte de Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci, expliquez la Sources et la Références.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

Hand, J. O. . National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection.  New York: National Gallery of Art, Washington.  . p. 28. Brown, David Alan . Virtue and Beauty: Leonardo's Ginevra de' Benci and Renaissance Portraits of Women. Princeton University Press. .

Prompt: Expliquer la Sources concernant la Références de cette œuvre d'art, Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci.Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

Hand, J. O. . National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection.  New York: National Gallery of Art, Washington.  . p. 28. Brown, David Alan . Virtue and Beauty: Leonardo's Ginevra de' Benci and Renaissance Portraits of Women. Princeton University Press. .

Prompt: Dans Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci, comment la Sources de la Références est-elle expliquée?Veuillez sortir en anglais.


subsection

Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci

Hand, J. O. . National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection.  New York: National Gallery of Art, Washington.  . p. 28. Brown, David Alan . Virtue and Beauty: Leonardo's Ginevra de' Benci and Renaissance Portraits of Women. Princeton University Press. .

Prompt: Décrivez les caractéristiques de la Sources dans la Références de Portrait de Ginevra de' Benci.Veuillez sortir en anglais.