Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the abstract discussed?

The four Raphael Rooms (Italian: Stanze di Raffaello) form a suite of reception rooms in the Apostolic Palace, now part of the Vatican Museums, in Vatican City. They are famous for their frescoes, painted by Raphael and his workshop. Together with Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes, they are the grand fresco sequences that mark the High Renaissance in Rome.The Stanze, as they are commonly called, were originally intended as a suite of apartments for Pope Julius II. He commissioned Raphael, then a relatively young artist from Urbino, and his studio in 1508 or 1509 to redecorate the existing interiors of the rooms entirely. It was possibly Julius' intent to outshine the apartments of his predecessor (and rival) Pope Alexander VI, as the Stanze are directly above Alexander's Borgia Apartment. They are on the second floor, overlooking the south side of the Belvedere Courtyard.Running from east to west, as a visitor would have entered the apartment, but not following the sequence in which the Stanze were frescoed, the rooms are the Sala di Costantino ("Hall of Constantine"), the Stanza di Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"), the Stanza della Segnatura ("Room of the Signatura"), and the Stanza dell'Incendio del Borgo ("The Room of the Fire in the Borgo").After the death of Julius in 1513, with two rooms frescoed, Pope Leo X continued the program. Following Raphael's death in 1520, his assistants Gianfrancesco Penni, Giulio Romano and Raffaellino del Colle finished the project with the frescoes in the Sala di Costantino.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Focus on Raphael Rooms and explain the Scheme.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Explain the Scheme of this artwork, Raphael Rooms.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: How does Raphael Rooms explain its Scheme?

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the Scheme discussed?

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Focus on Raphael Rooms and explain the Sala di Costantino.

The largest of the twelve rooms is the Sala di Costantino ("Hall of Constantine"). Its paintings were not begun until Pope Julius and, indeed Raphael himself, had died. The room is dedicated to the victory of Christianity over paganism. Its frescoes represent this struggle from the life of the Roman Emperor Constantine, and are the work of Giulio Romano, Gianfrancesco Penni and Raffaellino del Colle. Because they are not by the master himself, the frescos are less famous than works in the neighboring rooms. Continuing a long tradition of flattery, Raphael's assistants gave the features of the current pontiff, Clement VII, to Pope Sylvester in the paintings.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Explain the Sala di Costantino of this artwork, Raphael Rooms.

The largest of the twelve rooms is the Sala di Costantino ("Hall of Constantine"). Its paintings were not begun until Pope Julius and, indeed Raphael himself, had died. The room is dedicated to the victory of Christianity over paganism. Its frescoes represent this struggle from the life of the Roman Emperor Constantine, and are the work of Giulio Romano, Gianfrancesco Penni and Raffaellino del Colle. Because they are not by the master himself, the frescos are less famous than works in the neighboring rooms. Continuing a long tradition of flattery, Raphael's assistants gave the features of the current pontiff, Clement VII, to Pope Sylvester in the paintings.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: How does Raphael Rooms explain its Sala di Costantino?

The largest of the twelve rooms is the Sala di Costantino ("Hall of Constantine"). Its paintings were not begun until Pope Julius and, indeed Raphael himself, had died. The room is dedicated to the victory of Christianity over paganism. Its frescoes represent this struggle from the life of the Roman Emperor Constantine, and are the work of Giulio Romano, Gianfrancesco Penni and Raffaellino del Colle. Because they are not by the master himself, the frescos are less famous than works in the neighboring rooms. Continuing a long tradition of flattery, Raphael's assistants gave the features of the current pontiff, Clement VII, to Pope Sylvester in the paintings.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the Sala di Costantino discussed?

The largest of the twelve rooms is the Sala di Costantino ("Hall of Constantine"). Its paintings were not begun until Pope Julius and, indeed Raphael himself, had died. The room is dedicated to the victory of Christianity over paganism. Its frescoes represent this struggle from the life of the Roman Emperor Constantine, and are the work of Giulio Romano, Gianfrancesco Penni and Raffaellino del Colle. Because they are not by the master himself, the frescos are less famous than works in the neighboring rooms. Continuing a long tradition of flattery, Raphael's assistants gave the features of the current pontiff, Clement VII, to Pope Sylvester in the paintings.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In the context of Raphael Rooms, explain the The Vision of the Cross and the Sala di Costantino.

The fresco of The Vision of the Cross depicts the legendary story of a great cross appearing to Constantine as he marched to confront his rival Maxentius. The vision in the sky is painted with the words in Greek "Εν τούτω νίκα" ("By this, conquer", better known as the Latin In hoc signo vinces) written next to it.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Explain the The Vision of the Cross about the Sala di Costantino of this artwork, Raphael Rooms.

The fresco of The Vision of the Cross depicts the legendary story of a great cross appearing to Constantine as he marched to confront his rival Maxentius. The vision in the sky is painted with the words in Greek "Εν τούτω νίκα" ("By this, conquer", better known as the Latin In hoc signo vinces) written next to it.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the The Vision of the Cross of the Sala di Costantino explained?

The fresco of The Vision of the Cross depicts the legendary story of a great cross appearing to Constantine as he marched to confront his rival Maxentius. The vision in the sky is painted with the words in Greek "Εν τούτω νίκα" ("By this, conquer", better known as the Latin In hoc signo vinces) written next to it.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the The Vision of the Cross in Raphael Rooms's Sala di Costantino.

The fresco of The Vision of the Cross depicts the legendary story of a great cross appearing to Constantine as he marched to confront his rival Maxentius. The vision in the sky is painted with the words in Greek "Εν τούτω νίκα" ("By this, conquer", better known as the Latin In hoc signo vinces) written next to it.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In the context of Raphael Rooms, explain the The Battle of Milvian Bridge and the Sala di Costantino.

The Battle of Milvian Bridge shows the battle that took place on October 28, 312, following Constantine's vision.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Explain the The Battle of Milvian Bridge about the Sala di Costantino of this artwork, Raphael Rooms.

The Battle of Milvian Bridge shows the battle that took place on October 28, 312, following Constantine's vision.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the The Battle of Milvian Bridge of the Sala di Costantino explained?

The Battle of Milvian Bridge shows the battle that took place on October 28, 312, following Constantine's vision.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the The Battle of Milvian Bridge in Raphael Rooms's Sala di Costantino.

The Battle of Milvian Bridge shows the battle that took place on October 28, 312, following Constantine's vision.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In the context of Raphael Rooms, explain the The Baptism of Constantine and the Sala di Costantino.

The third painting in the sequence, The Baptism of Constantine, was most likely painted by Gianfrancesco Penni, and shows the emperor being baptised by Pope Sylvester I in the Lateran Baptistery at Rome. This follows the account of Constantine's baptism given in the Acts of Sylvester and the Liber Pontificalis, rather than the alternate deathbed version recounted in Eusebius's Life of Constantine. In The Baptism of Constantine, Pope Sylvester I has the physical features of Pope Clement VII (1523–1534), who ordered the completion of the Raphael Rooms.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Explain the The Baptism of Constantine about the Sala di Costantino of this artwork, Raphael Rooms.

The third painting in the sequence, The Baptism of Constantine, was most likely painted by Gianfrancesco Penni, and shows the emperor being baptised by Pope Sylvester I in the Lateran Baptistery at Rome. This follows the account of Constantine's baptism given in the Acts of Sylvester and the Liber Pontificalis, rather than the alternate deathbed version recounted in Eusebius's Life of Constantine. In The Baptism of Constantine, Pope Sylvester I has the physical features of Pope Clement VII (1523–1534), who ordered the completion of the Raphael Rooms.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the The Baptism of Constantine of the Sala di Costantino explained?

The third painting in the sequence, The Baptism of Constantine, was most likely painted by Gianfrancesco Penni, and shows the emperor being baptised by Pope Sylvester I in the Lateran Baptistery at Rome. This follows the account of Constantine's baptism given in the Acts of Sylvester and the Liber Pontificalis, rather than the alternate deathbed version recounted in Eusebius's Life of Constantine. In The Baptism of Constantine, Pope Sylvester I has the physical features of Pope Clement VII (1523–1534), who ordered the completion of the Raphael Rooms.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the The Baptism of Constantine in Raphael Rooms's Sala di Costantino.

The third painting in the sequence, The Baptism of Constantine, was most likely painted by Gianfrancesco Penni, and shows the emperor being baptised by Pope Sylvester I in the Lateran Baptistery at Rome. This follows the account of Constantine's baptism given in the Acts of Sylvester and the Liber Pontificalis, rather than the alternate deathbed version recounted in Eusebius's Life of Constantine. In The Baptism of Constantine, Pope Sylvester I has the physical features of Pope Clement VII (1523–1534), who ordered the completion of the Raphael Rooms.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In the context of Raphael Rooms, explain the The Donation of Constantine and the Sala di Costantino.

The final painting in the sequence, The Donation of Constantine, records an event that supposedly took place shortly after Constantine's baptism, and was inspired by the famous forged documents, incorporated into Gratian's Decretum, granting the Papacy sovereignty over Rome's territorial dominions.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Explain the The Donation of Constantine about the Sala di Costantino of this artwork, Raphael Rooms.

The final painting in the sequence, The Donation of Constantine, records an event that supposedly took place shortly after Constantine's baptism, and was inspired by the famous forged documents, incorporated into Gratian's Decretum, granting the Papacy sovereignty over Rome's territorial dominions.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the The Donation of Constantine of the Sala di Costantino explained?

The final painting in the sequence, The Donation of Constantine, records an event that supposedly took place shortly after Constantine's baptism, and was inspired by the famous forged documents, incorporated into Gratian's Decretum, granting the Papacy sovereignty over Rome's territorial dominions.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the The Donation of Constantine in Raphael Rooms's Sala di Costantino.

The final painting in the sequence, The Donation of Constantine, records an event that supposedly took place shortly after Constantine's baptism, and was inspired by the famous forged documents, incorporated into Gratian's Decretum, granting the Papacy sovereignty over Rome's territorial dominions.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Focus on Raphael Rooms and explain the Stanza di Eliodoro.

The next room, going from East to West, is the Stanza di Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"). Painted between 1511 and 1514, it takes its name from one of the paintings. The theme of this private chamber – probably an audience room – was the heavenly protection granted by Christ to the Church. The four paintings are: The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Meeting of Pope Leo I and Attila, and The Deliverance of Saint Peter from Prison. In the first two of these frescoes, Raphael flatteringly includes his patron, Pope Julius II, as participant or observer; the third, painted after Julius's death, includes a portrait of his successor, Leo X.Raphael's style changed here from the Stanza della Segnatura.  Instead of the static images of the Pope's library, he had dramatic narratives to portray, and his approach was to maximize the frescoes' expressive effects.  He represented fewer, larger figures so that their actions and emotions have more direct impact on the viewers, and he used theatrical lighting effects to spotlight certain figures and heighten tension.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Explain the Stanza di Eliodoro of this artwork, Raphael Rooms.

The next room, going from East to West, is the Stanza di Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"). Painted between 1511 and 1514, it takes its name from one of the paintings. The theme of this private chamber – probably an audience room – was the heavenly protection granted by Christ to the Church. The four paintings are: The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Meeting of Pope Leo I and Attila, and The Deliverance of Saint Peter from Prison. In the first two of these frescoes, Raphael flatteringly includes his patron, Pope Julius II, as participant or observer; the third, painted after Julius's death, includes a portrait of his successor, Leo X.Raphael's style changed here from the Stanza della Segnatura.  Instead of the static images of the Pope's library, he had dramatic narratives to portray, and his approach was to maximize the frescoes' expressive effects.  He represented fewer, larger figures so that their actions and emotions have more direct impact on the viewers, and he used theatrical lighting effects to spotlight certain figures and heighten tension.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: How does Raphael Rooms explain its Stanza di Eliodoro?

The next room, going from East to West, is the Stanza di Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"). Painted between 1511 and 1514, it takes its name from one of the paintings. The theme of this private chamber – probably an audience room – was the heavenly protection granted by Christ to the Church. The four paintings are: The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Meeting of Pope Leo I and Attila, and The Deliverance of Saint Peter from Prison. In the first two of these frescoes, Raphael flatteringly includes his patron, Pope Julius II, as participant or observer; the third, painted after Julius's death, includes a portrait of his successor, Leo X.Raphael's style changed here from the Stanza della Segnatura.  Instead of the static images of the Pope's library, he had dramatic narratives to portray, and his approach was to maximize the frescoes' expressive effects.  He represented fewer, larger figures so that their actions and emotions have more direct impact on the viewers, and he used theatrical lighting effects to spotlight certain figures and heighten tension.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the Stanza di Eliodoro discussed?

The next room, going from East to West, is the Stanza di Eliodoro ("Room of Heliodorus"). Painted between 1511 and 1514, it takes its name from one of the paintings. The theme of this private chamber – probably an audience room – was the heavenly protection granted by Christ to the Church. The four paintings are: The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Meeting of Pope Leo I and Attila, and The Deliverance of Saint Peter from Prison. In the first two of these frescoes, Raphael flatteringly includes his patron, Pope Julius II, as participant or observer; the third, painted after Julius's death, includes a portrait of his successor, Leo X.Raphael's style changed here from the Stanza della Segnatura.  Instead of the static images of the Pope's library, he had dramatic narratives to portray, and his approach was to maximize the frescoes' expressive effects.  He represented fewer, larger figures so that their actions and emotions have more direct impact on the viewers, and he used theatrical lighting effects to spotlight certain figures and heighten tension.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In the context of Raphael Rooms, explain the The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple and the Stanza di Eliodoro.

In The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple Raphael illustrated the biblical episode from II Maccabees (3:21–28) about Heliodorus, who was sent to seize the treasure preserved in the Temple in Jerusalem, but was stopped when the prayer of the priest of the temple was answered by angels who flogged the intruder and an angelic rider who chased him from the temple. The composition is considerably more dramatic than Raphael's earlier frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura.  Although the focal point is the still figure of the priest at prayer, Heliodorus and the angels rush forward into space, threatening to spill out of the painting.  At the left Julius II, carried by the Swiss Guard in a chair, witnesses the event.  His inclusion here refers to his battles to prevent secular leaders from usurping papal territories.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Explain the The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple about the Stanza di Eliodoro of this artwork, Raphael Rooms.

In The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple Raphael illustrated the biblical episode from II Maccabees (3:21–28) about Heliodorus, who was sent to seize the treasure preserved in the Temple in Jerusalem, but was stopped when the prayer of the priest of the temple was answered by angels who flogged the intruder and an angelic rider who chased him from the temple. The composition is considerably more dramatic than Raphael's earlier frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura.  Although the focal point is the still figure of the priest at prayer, Heliodorus and the angels rush forward into space, threatening to spill out of the painting.  At the left Julius II, carried by the Swiss Guard in a chair, witnesses the event.  His inclusion here refers to his battles to prevent secular leaders from usurping papal territories.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple of the Stanza di Eliodoro explained?

In The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple Raphael illustrated the biblical episode from II Maccabees (3:21–28) about Heliodorus, who was sent to seize the treasure preserved in the Temple in Jerusalem, but was stopped when the prayer of the priest of the temple was answered by angels who flogged the intruder and an angelic rider who chased him from the temple. The composition is considerably more dramatic than Raphael's earlier frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura.  Although the focal point is the still figure of the priest at prayer, Heliodorus and the angels rush forward into space, threatening to spill out of the painting.  At the left Julius II, carried by the Swiss Guard in a chair, witnesses the event.  His inclusion here refers to his battles to prevent secular leaders from usurping papal territories.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple in Raphael Rooms's Stanza di Eliodoro.

In The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple Raphael illustrated the biblical episode from II Maccabees (3:21–28) about Heliodorus, who was sent to seize the treasure preserved in the Temple in Jerusalem, but was stopped when the prayer of the priest of the temple was answered by angels who flogged the intruder and an angelic rider who chased him from the temple. The composition is considerably more dramatic than Raphael's earlier frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura.  Although the focal point is the still figure of the priest at prayer, Heliodorus and the angels rush forward into space, threatening to spill out of the painting.  At the left Julius II, carried by the Swiss Guard in a chair, witnesses the event.  His inclusion here refers to his battles to prevent secular leaders from usurping papal territories.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In the context of Raphael Rooms, explain the The Mass at Bolsena and the Stanza di Eliodoro.

The Mass at Bolsena depicts the story of a Bohemian priest who in 1263 ceased to doubt the doctrine of Transubstantiation when he saw the bread begin to bleed during its consecration at Mass. The cloth that was stained by the blood was held as a relic at the nearby town of Orvieto; Julius II had visited Orvieto and prayed over the relic in 1506. The Pope is portrayed as a participant in the Mass and a witness to the miracle; he kneels to the right of the altar, with members of the Curia (also portraits) standing behind him. Raphael distinguishes the "real" thirteenth-century witnesses from those who are contemporaries of the pope by their degree of engagement in the event; the latter concentrate calmly on Julius kneeling at his devotions rather than responding to the miracle.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Explain the The Mass at Bolsena about the Stanza di Eliodoro of this artwork, Raphael Rooms.

The Mass at Bolsena depicts the story of a Bohemian priest who in 1263 ceased to doubt the doctrine of Transubstantiation when he saw the bread begin to bleed during its consecration at Mass. The cloth that was stained by the blood was held as a relic at the nearby town of Orvieto; Julius II had visited Orvieto and prayed over the relic in 1506. The Pope is portrayed as a participant in the Mass and a witness to the miracle; he kneels to the right of the altar, with members of the Curia (also portraits) standing behind him. Raphael distinguishes the "real" thirteenth-century witnesses from those who are contemporaries of the pope by their degree of engagement in the event; the latter concentrate calmly on Julius kneeling at his devotions rather than responding to the miracle.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the The Mass at Bolsena of the Stanza di Eliodoro explained?

The Mass at Bolsena depicts the story of a Bohemian priest who in 1263 ceased to doubt the doctrine of Transubstantiation when he saw the bread begin to bleed during its consecration at Mass. The cloth that was stained by the blood was held as a relic at the nearby town of Orvieto; Julius II had visited Orvieto and prayed over the relic in 1506. The Pope is portrayed as a participant in the Mass and a witness to the miracle; he kneels to the right of the altar, with members of the Curia (also portraits) standing behind him. Raphael distinguishes the "real" thirteenth-century witnesses from those who are contemporaries of the pope by their degree of engagement in the event; the latter concentrate calmly on Julius kneeling at his devotions rather than responding to the miracle.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the The Mass at Bolsena in Raphael Rooms's Stanza di Eliodoro.

The Mass at Bolsena depicts the story of a Bohemian priest who in 1263 ceased to doubt the doctrine of Transubstantiation when he saw the bread begin to bleed during its consecration at Mass. The cloth that was stained by the blood was held as a relic at the nearby town of Orvieto; Julius II had visited Orvieto and prayed over the relic in 1506. The Pope is portrayed as a participant in the Mass and a witness to the miracle; he kneels to the right of the altar, with members of the Curia (also portraits) standing behind him. Raphael distinguishes the "real" thirteenth-century witnesses from those who are contemporaries of the pope by their degree of engagement in the event; the latter concentrate calmly on Julius kneeling at his devotions rather than responding to the miracle.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In the context of Raphael Rooms, explain the The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila and the Stanza di Eliodoro.

The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila depicts the storied parley between the Pope and the Hun conqueror, and includes the legendary images of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the sky bearing swords. A fully developed drawing by Raphael indicates he planned to place the pope – portrayed with Julius's features – in the background; when Leo X became pope – and just happened to choose the name Leo – he must have encouraged the artist to bring the pope front and center and use his own portrait.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: Explain the The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila about the Stanza di Eliodoro of this artwork, Raphael Rooms.

The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila depicts the storied parley between the Pope and the Hun conqueror, and includes the legendary images of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the sky bearing swords. A fully developed drawing by Raphael indicates he planned to place the pope – portrayed with Julius's features – in the background; when Leo X became pope – and just happened to choose the name Leo – he must have encouraged the artist to bring the pope front and center and use his own portrait.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg


Raphael Rooms

Prompt: In Raphael Rooms, how is the The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila of the Stanza di Eliodoro explained?

The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila depicts the storied parley between the Pope and the Hun conqueror, and includes the legendary images of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the sky bearing swords. A fully developed drawing by Raphael indicates he planned to place the pope – portrayed with Julius's features – in the background; when Leo X became pope – and just happened to choose the name Leo – he must have encouraged the artist to bring the pope front and center and use his own portrait.

File:Raphael - Coronation of Charlemagne.jpg

File:Raphael - Deliverance of Saint Peter.jpg

File:School of Raphael - Donation of Rome.jpg

''The Coronation of Charlemagne'', 1516–1517

File:Raphael - The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila.jpg

File:113e Sala de Constantino (Vista, e).jpg

File:Raphael - The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple.jpg

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge (Giulio Romano)

File:1 Estancia del Sello (Vista general I).jpg

Image:0 Chambre de Raphaël - L'Incendie du Borgo (1).JPG

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Room of Eliodorus.jpg

File:Perugino - Ceiling of the Room of Fire in the Borgo.jpg

File:8 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general I).jpg

''The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila,'' 1514

Raphael, ''The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple,'' 1511–1513

File:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg

File:Giulio Romano - The Battle of the Milvian Bridge.jpg

File:113d Sala de Constantino (Vista, d).jpg

File:15 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general I).png

Raphael, ''The School of Athens'', 1509-1511

Raphael, ''Deliverance of Saint Peter,'' 1514

File:Tommaso Laureti - Ceiling of Room of Constantine.jpg

''The Battle of Milvian Bridge'', 1520-1524

File:9 Estancia de Heliodoro (Vista general II).jpg

Raphael, ''Disputation of the Holy Sacrament'', 1509-1510

Image:Rafael - Virtudes Teologales y la Ley (Estancia del Sello, Vaticano, 1511).jpg

File:Raphael - Cardinal and Theological Virtues.jpg

File:Raphael - Ceiling of the Selling Room.jpg

File:2 Estancia del Sello (Vista general II).jpg

''The Baptism of Constantine'', 1517–1524

File:16 Estancia del Incendio del Borgo (Vista general II).jpg

''The Donation of Constantine'', 1520–1524

File:School of Raphael - Vision of the Cross.jpg

File:Giannfrancesco Penni - Baptism of Constantine.jpg