Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: When looking at the Pictorial scheme of Sistine Chapel ceiling, how do you discuss its Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis's Adam and Eve?

=For the central section of the ceiling, Michelangelo took four episodes from the story of Adam and Eve as told in the first, second and third chapters of Genesis. In this sequence of three, two of the panels are large and one small.In the first of the pictures, one of the most widely recognized images in the history of painting, Michelangelo shows God reaching out to touch Adam. Vasari describes Adam as "a figure whose beauty, pose, and contours are of such a quality that he seems newly created by his Supreme and First Creator rather than by the brush and design of a mere mortal." From beneath the sheltering arm of God, Eve looks out somewhat apprehensively. Correspondingly, Adam reaches out to the creator, who Walter Pater states "comes with the forms of things to be, woman and her progeny, in the fold of his garment". Pater wrote of the depiction of Adam in the Creation:Fair as the young men of the Elgin marbles, the Adam of the Sistine Chapel is unlike them in a total absence of that balance and completeness which express so well the sentiment of a self-contained, independent life. In that languid figure there is something rude and satyr-like, something akin to the rugged hillside on which it lies. His whole form is gathered into an expression of mere expectation and reception; he has hardly strength enough to lift his finger to touch the finger of the creator; yet a touch of the finger-tips will suffice.The central scene, of God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam has been taken in its composition directly from another creation sequence, the relief panels that surround the door of the Basilica of San Petronio, Bologna, by Jacopo della Quercia, whose work Michelangelo had studied in his youth.In the final panel of this sequence, Michelangelo combines two contrasting scenes into one panel, that of Adam and Eve taking fruit from the forbidden tree (a fig and not an apple tree as commonly depicted in Western Christian art), Eve trustingly taking it from the hand of the Serpent (depicted as Lilith) and Adam eagerly picking it for himself, as well as their banishment from the Garden of Eden, where they have lived in the company of God, to the world outside where they have to fend for themselves and experience death.

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Focusing on the Pictorial scheme of Sistine Chapel ceiling, explain the Noah about the Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis.

=As with the first sequence of pictures, the three panels concerning Noah, taken from the sixth to ninth chapters of Genesis are thematic rather than chronological. In the first scene is shown the sacrifice of a sheep. Both Vasari and Condivi mistake this scene for the sacrifices by Cain and Abel, in which Abel's sacrifice was acceptable to God and Cain's was not. What this image almost certainly depicts is the sacrifice made by the family of Noah, after their safe deliverance from the Great Flood which destroyed the rest of humanity.The central, larger, scene shows the Great Flood. The Ark in which Noah's family escaped floats at the rear of the picture while the rest of humanity tries frantically to scramble to some point of safety. A lightning bolt, which according to Condivi illustrated God's wrath, was smitten from the ceiling when the chapel was damaged in 1797.The final scene is the story of Noah's drunkenness. After the Flood, Noah tills the soil and grows vines. He is shown doing so in the background of the picture. He becomes drunk and inadvertently exposes himself. His youngest son, Ham, brings his two brothers Shem and Japheth to see the sight but they discreetly cover their father with a cloak. Ham is later cursed by Noah and told that the descendants of Ham's son Canaan will serve Shem and Japheth's descendants forever.Since Michelangelo executed the nine biblical scenes in reverse chronological order, some analyses of the frescoes of the vault commence with the Drunkenness of Noah. Charles de Tolnay's neoplatonic interpretation sees the story of Noah at the beginning and the act of creation by God as the conclusion of the process of deificatio and the return from physical to spiritual being.

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Explain the Noah about the Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of the Pictorial scheme in this work, Sistine Chapel ceiling.

=As with the first sequence of pictures, the three panels concerning Noah, taken from the sixth to ninth chapters of Genesis are thematic rather than chronological. In the first scene is shown the sacrifice of a sheep. Both Vasari and Condivi mistake this scene for the sacrifices by Cain and Abel, in which Abel's sacrifice was acceptable to God and Cain's was not. What this image almost certainly depicts is the sacrifice made by the family of Noah, after their safe deliverance from the Great Flood which destroyed the rest of humanity.The central, larger, scene shows the Great Flood. The Ark in which Noah's family escaped floats at the rear of the picture while the rest of humanity tries frantically to scramble to some point of safety. A lightning bolt, which according to Condivi illustrated God's wrath, was smitten from the ceiling when the chapel was damaged in 1797.The final scene is the story of Noah's drunkenness. After the Flood, Noah tills the soil and grows vines. He is shown doing so in the background of the picture. He becomes drunk and inadvertently exposes himself. His youngest son, Ham, brings his two brothers Shem and Japheth to see the sight but they discreetly cover their father with a cloak. Ham is later cursed by Noah and told that the descendants of Ham's son Canaan will serve Shem and Japheth's descendants forever.Since Michelangelo executed the nine biblical scenes in reverse chronological order, some analyses of the frescoes of the vault commence with the Drunkenness of Noah. Charles de Tolnay's neoplatonic interpretation sees the story of Noah at the beginning and the act of creation by God as the conclusion of the process of deificatio and the return from physical to spiritual being.

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Regarding Sistine Chapel ceiling, how does the Pictorial scheme's Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis  incorporate the Noah.

=As with the first sequence of pictures, the three panels concerning Noah, taken from the sixth to ninth chapters of Genesis are thematic rather than chronological. In the first scene is shown the sacrifice of a sheep. Both Vasari and Condivi mistake this scene for the sacrifices by Cain and Abel, in which Abel's sacrifice was acceptable to God and Cain's was not. What this image almost certainly depicts is the sacrifice made by the family of Noah, after their safe deliverance from the Great Flood which destroyed the rest of humanity.The central, larger, scene shows the Great Flood. The Ark in which Noah's family escaped floats at the rear of the picture while the rest of humanity tries frantically to scramble to some point of safety. A lightning bolt, which according to Condivi illustrated God's wrath, was smitten from the ceiling when the chapel was damaged in 1797.The final scene is the story of Noah's drunkenness. After the Flood, Noah tills the soil and grows vines. He is shown doing so in the background of the picture. He becomes drunk and inadvertently exposes himself. His youngest son, Ham, brings his two brothers Shem and Japheth to see the sight but they discreetly cover their father with a cloak. Ham is later cursed by Noah and told that the descendants of Ham's son Canaan will serve Shem and Japheth's descendants forever.Since Michelangelo executed the nine biblical scenes in reverse chronological order, some analyses of the frescoes of the vault commence with the Drunkenness of Noah. Charles de Tolnay's neoplatonic interpretation sees the story of Noah at the beginning and the act of creation by God as the conclusion of the process of deificatio and the return from physical to spiritual being.

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: When looking at the Pictorial scheme of Sistine Chapel ceiling, how do you discuss its Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis's Noah?

=As with the first sequence of pictures, the three panels concerning Noah, taken from the sixth to ninth chapters of Genesis are thematic rather than chronological. In the first scene is shown the sacrifice of a sheep. Both Vasari and Condivi mistake this scene for the sacrifices by Cain and Abel, in which Abel's sacrifice was acceptable to God and Cain's was not. What this image almost certainly depicts is the sacrifice made by the family of Noah, after their safe deliverance from the Great Flood which destroyed the rest of humanity.The central, larger, scene shows the Great Flood. The Ark in which Noah's family escaped floats at the rear of the picture while the rest of humanity tries frantically to scramble to some point of safety. A lightning bolt, which according to Condivi illustrated God's wrath, was smitten from the ceiling when the chapel was damaged in 1797.The final scene is the story of Noah's drunkenness. After the Flood, Noah tills the soil and grows vines. He is shown doing so in the background of the picture. He becomes drunk and inadvertently exposes himself. His youngest son, Ham, brings his two brothers Shem and Japheth to see the sight but they discreetly cover their father with a cloak. Ham is later cursed by Noah and told that the descendants of Ham's son Canaan will serve Shem and Japheth's descendants forever.Since Michelangelo executed the nine biblical scenes in reverse chronological order, some analyses of the frescoes of the vault commence with the Drunkenness of Noah. Charles de Tolnay's neoplatonic interpretation sees the story of Noah at the beginning and the act of creation by God as the conclusion of the process of deificatio and the return from physical to spiritual being.

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Focusing on the Pictorial scheme of Sistine Chapel ceiling, explain the Medallions about the Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis.

=Adjacent to the smaller biblical scenes in the first register and supported by the paired ignudi are ten medallions. In four of the five most highly finished, the space is crowded with figures in violent action, similar to Michelangelo's cartoon for the Battle of Cascina. The subjects depicted are somewhat ambiguous, with Vasari merely saying they are taken from the Book of Kings. According to Ulrich Pfisterer, Michelangelo adapted the medallions from woodcut illustrations in the 1490 Malermi Bible, the first Italian-language Bible, named after its translator, Nicolò Malermi. The medallions have been interpreted as depicting:Abraham about to sacrifice his son IsaacThe Destruction of the Statue of BaalThe worshippers of Baal being brutally slaughteredUriah being beaten to deathNathan the priest condemning King David for murder and adulteryKing David's traitorous son Absalom caught by his hair in a tree while trying to escape and beheaded by David's troopsJoab sneaking up on Abner to murder himJoram being hurled from a chariot onto his headElijah being carried up to HeavenA subject which was either obliterated or left incomplete

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Explain the Medallions about the Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of the Pictorial scheme in this work, Sistine Chapel ceiling.

=Adjacent to the smaller biblical scenes in the first register and supported by the paired ignudi are ten medallions. In four of the five most highly finished, the space is crowded with figures in violent action, similar to Michelangelo's cartoon for the Battle of Cascina. The subjects depicted are somewhat ambiguous, with Vasari merely saying they are taken from the Book of Kings. According to Ulrich Pfisterer, Michelangelo adapted the medallions from woodcut illustrations in the 1490 Malermi Bible, the first Italian-language Bible, named after its translator, Nicolò Malermi. The medallions have been interpreted as depicting:Abraham about to sacrifice his son IsaacThe Destruction of the Statue of BaalThe worshippers of Baal being brutally slaughteredUriah being beaten to deathNathan the priest condemning King David for murder and adulteryKing David's traitorous son Absalom caught by his hair in a tree while trying to escape and beheaded by David's troopsJoab sneaking up on Abner to murder himJoram being hurled from a chariot onto his headElijah being carried up to HeavenA subject which was either obliterated or left incomplete

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Regarding Sistine Chapel ceiling, how does the Pictorial scheme's Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis  incorporate the Medallions.

=Adjacent to the smaller biblical scenes in the first register and supported by the paired ignudi are ten medallions. In four of the five most highly finished, the space is crowded with figures in violent action, similar to Michelangelo's cartoon for the Battle of Cascina. The subjects depicted are somewhat ambiguous, with Vasari merely saying they are taken from the Book of Kings. According to Ulrich Pfisterer, Michelangelo adapted the medallions from woodcut illustrations in the 1490 Malermi Bible, the first Italian-language Bible, named after its translator, Nicolò Malermi. The medallions have been interpreted as depicting:Abraham about to sacrifice his son IsaacThe Destruction of the Statue of BaalThe worshippers of Baal being brutally slaughteredUriah being beaten to deathNathan the priest condemning King David for murder and adulteryKing David's traitorous son Absalom caught by his hair in a tree while trying to escape and beheaded by David's troopsJoab sneaking up on Abner to murder himJoram being hurled from a chariot onto his headElijah being carried up to HeavenA subject which was either obliterated or left incomplete

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: When looking at the Pictorial scheme of Sistine Chapel ceiling, how do you discuss its Nine scenes from the Book of Genesis's Medallions?

=Adjacent to the smaller biblical scenes in the first register and supported by the paired ignudi are ten medallions. In four of the five most highly finished, the space is crowded with figures in violent action, similar to Michelangelo's cartoon for the Battle of Cascina. The subjects depicted are somewhat ambiguous, with Vasari merely saying they are taken from the Book of Kings. According to Ulrich Pfisterer, Michelangelo adapted the medallions from woodcut illustrations in the 1490 Malermi Bible, the first Italian-language Bible, named after its translator, Nicolò Malermi. The medallions have been interpreted as depicting:Abraham about to sacrifice his son IsaacThe Destruction of the Statue of BaalThe worshippers of Baal being brutally slaughteredUriah being beaten to deathNathan the priest condemning King David for murder and adulteryKing David's traitorous son Absalom caught by his hair in a tree while trying to escape and beheaded by David's troopsJoab sneaking up on Abner to murder himJoram being hurled from a chariot onto his headElijah being carried up to HeavenA subject which was either obliterated or left incomplete

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: In the context of Sistine Chapel ceiling, explain the Twelve prophetic figures and the Pictorial scheme.

On the five pendentives along each side and the two at either end, Michelangelo painted the largest figures on the ceiling: twelve people who prophesied a Messiah. These twelve are seven male prophets of Israel and five Sibyls, prophetesses of classical mythology. Jonah is placed above the altar and Zechariah at the opposite end. The other five Prophets and Sibyls alternate down each long side, each being identified by an inscription on a painted marble tablet supported by a putto.Jonah (IONAS) – above the altarJeremiah (HIEREMIAS)Persian Sibyl (PERSICHA)Ezekiel (EZECHIEL)Erythraean Sibyl (ERITHRAEA)Joel (IOEL)Zechariah (ZACHERIAS) – above the main door of the chapelDelphic Sibyl (DELPHICA)Isaiah (ESAIAS)Cumaean Sibyl (CVMAEA)Daniel (DANIEL)Libyan Sibyl (LIBICA)

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Explain the Twelve prophetic figures about the Pictorial scheme of this artwork, Sistine Chapel ceiling.

On the five pendentives along each side and the two at either end, Michelangelo painted the largest figures on the ceiling: twelve people who prophesied a Messiah. These twelve are seven male prophets of Israel and five Sibyls, prophetesses of classical mythology. Jonah is placed above the altar and Zechariah at the opposite end. The other five Prophets and Sibyls alternate down each long side, each being identified by an inscription on a painted marble tablet supported by a putto.Jonah (IONAS) – above the altarJeremiah (HIEREMIAS)Persian Sibyl (PERSICHA)Ezekiel (EZECHIEL)Erythraean Sibyl (ERITHRAEA)Joel (IOEL)Zechariah (ZACHERIAS) – above the main door of the chapelDelphic Sibyl (DELPHICA)Isaiah (ESAIAS)Cumaean Sibyl (CVMAEA)Daniel (DANIEL)Libyan Sibyl (LIBICA)

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: In Sistine Chapel ceiling, how is the Twelve prophetic figures of the Pictorial scheme explained?

On the five pendentives along each side and the two at either end, Michelangelo painted the largest figures on the ceiling: twelve people who prophesied a Messiah. These twelve are seven male prophets of Israel and five Sibyls, prophetesses of classical mythology. Jonah is placed above the altar and Zechariah at the opposite end. The other five Prophets and Sibyls alternate down each long side, each being identified by an inscription on a painted marble tablet supported by a putto.Jonah (IONAS) – above the altarJeremiah (HIEREMIAS)Persian Sibyl (PERSICHA)Ezekiel (EZECHIEL)Erythraean Sibyl (ERITHRAEA)Joel (IOEL)Zechariah (ZACHERIAS) – above the main door of the chapelDelphic Sibyl (DELPHICA)Isaiah (ESAIAS)Cumaean Sibyl (CVMAEA)Daniel (DANIEL)Libyan Sibyl (LIBICA)

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the Twelve prophetic figures in Sistine Chapel ceiling's Pictorial scheme.

On the five pendentives along each side and the two at either end, Michelangelo painted the largest figures on the ceiling: twelve people who prophesied a Messiah. These twelve are seven male prophets of Israel and five Sibyls, prophetesses of classical mythology. Jonah is placed above the altar and Zechariah at the opposite end. The other five Prophets and Sibyls alternate down each long side, each being identified by an inscription on a painted marble tablet supported by a putto.Jonah (IONAS) – above the altarJeremiah (HIEREMIAS)Persian Sibyl (PERSICHA)Ezekiel (EZECHIEL)Erythraean Sibyl (ERITHRAEA)Joel (IOEL)Zechariah (ZACHERIAS) – above the main door of the chapelDelphic Sibyl (DELPHICA)Isaiah (ESAIAS)Cumaean Sibyl (CVMAEA)Daniel (DANIEL)Libyan Sibyl (LIBICA)

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Focusing on the Pictorial scheme of Sistine Chapel ceiling, explain the Prophets about the Twelve prophetic figures.

=Seven prophets of Israel are depicted on the ceiling, including the four so-called major prophets – Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel – and three of the Twelve Minor Prophets: Joel, Zechariah, and Jonah.The Book of Joel prophesies the triumph of Judah over its enemies, and includes the words, "Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams [and] your young men shall see visions." Zechariah was the first Prophet to be painted.Condivi praises Jonah, including its foreshortening. In Vasari's description of the Prophets and Sibyls he is particularly high in his praise of Isaiah, saying, "anyone who examines this figure will see details taken from Nature herself, the true mother of the art of painting, and will see a figure that with close study can in broad terms teach all the precepts of good painting."

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Explain the Prophets about the Twelve prophetic figures of the Pictorial scheme in this work, Sistine Chapel ceiling.

=Seven prophets of Israel are depicted on the ceiling, including the four so-called major prophets – Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel – and three of the Twelve Minor Prophets: Joel, Zechariah, and Jonah.The Book of Joel prophesies the triumph of Judah over its enemies, and includes the words, "Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams [and] your young men shall see visions." Zechariah was the first Prophet to be painted.Condivi praises Jonah, including its foreshortening. In Vasari's description of the Prophets and Sibyls he is particularly high in his praise of Isaiah, saying, "anyone who examines this figure will see details taken from Nature herself, the true mother of the art of painting, and will see a figure that with close study can in broad terms teach all the precepts of good painting."

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Regarding Sistine Chapel ceiling, how does the Pictorial scheme's Twelve prophetic figures  incorporate the Prophets.

=Seven prophets of Israel are depicted on the ceiling, including the four so-called major prophets – Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel – and three of the Twelve Minor Prophets: Joel, Zechariah, and Jonah.The Book of Joel prophesies the triumph of Judah over its enemies, and includes the words, "Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams [and] your young men shall see visions." Zechariah was the first Prophet to be painted.Condivi praises Jonah, including its foreshortening. In Vasari's description of the Prophets and Sibyls he is particularly high in his praise of Isaiah, saying, "anyone who examines this figure will see details taken from Nature herself, the true mother of the art of painting, and will see a figure that with close study can in broad terms teach all the precepts of good painting."

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: When looking at the Pictorial scheme of Sistine Chapel ceiling, how do you discuss its Twelve prophetic figures's Prophets?

=Seven prophets of Israel are depicted on the ceiling, including the four so-called major prophets – Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel – and three of the Twelve Minor Prophets: Joel, Zechariah, and Jonah.The Book of Joel prophesies the triumph of Judah over its enemies, and includes the words, "Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams [and] your young men shall see visions." Zechariah was the first Prophet to be painted.Condivi praises Jonah, including its foreshortening. In Vasari's description of the Prophets and Sibyls he is particularly high in his praise of Isaiah, saying, "anyone who examines this figure will see details taken from Nature herself, the true mother of the art of painting, and will see a figure that with close study can in broad terms teach all the precepts of good painting."

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Focusing on the Pictorial scheme of Sistine Chapel ceiling, explain the Sibyls about the Twelve prophetic figures.

=The Sibyls were prophetic women who were resident at shrines or temples throughout the Classical world. These women were similar to Christian prophets in the sense that they were "spokeswomen for the divine oracles" and served as an "mouthpiece of the gods". Furthermore, the Sibyls embodied feminine figures that received messages from the gods and prophesized said messages to the ancient Greeks and Romans who heavily regarded their divinatory practices. Their prophecies predate those of the Christian prophets and were contextually paganistic due to the commonly known beliefs at that time.Authors from antiquity utilized the Greco-Roman Sibyls to legitimize Christianity. The papal court generally regarded antiquity as setting the stage for Christianity. The text Divine Institutes by Lactanitus, a Christian author that was an advisor to Emperor Constantine in 280, was one of the first texts composed to legitimize Christianity and convert pagans and gentiles to the religion. In Divine Institutions, Lactantius states “Another Sibyl ... conveyed the word of God to man and said ‘I am the only god and there is no other.’”, validating monotheism from the written account of a pagan Sibyl. Additionally, the Cumaean Sibyl is quoted by 1st-century BC Roman poet Virgil in his Fourth Eclogue as declaring that "a new progeny of Heaven" would bring about a return of the "Golden Age". Many people during the Renaissance interpreted this as foretelling the birth of Jesus.This association of the Sibyls with Christianity also progresses into Christian worship in the Middle Ages, as they appeared in the Dies Irae Latin hymn produced by either the Franciscan or Dominican monastic order. The hymn utilizes the pagan Sybil as a witness to David's lineage to Christ and uses these figures from Greco-Roman antiquity to support the Christian beliefs of the coming of Christ from an era before the prophets. There was an increasing interest in the remains of Rome's pagan past within the Catholic Church; scholars had turned from reading Mediaeval ecclesiastical Latin texts to classical Latin and the philosophies of the Classical world were studied along with the writings of St Augustine. Thus, the presence of five pagan prophets in the Sistine Chapel is not surprising. Furthermore, this is not the first appearance of Sibyls within a Christian church. Michelangelo's mentor Domenico Ghirlandaio painted Sibyls on the ceiling of Santa Trinita's Sassetti Chapel approximately 20 years prior to the start of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.It is not known why Michelangelo selected the five particular Sibyls that were depicted, given that there were ten possibilities. O'Malley suggests that the four besides the Cumaean Sibyl were selected for a wide geographic coverage, as they come from Africa, Asia, Greece and Ionia.Vasari says of the Erythraean Sibyl: "This figure is extraordinarily beautiful owing to the expression of its face, the arrangement of its hair, and the style of its garments, not to mention its bare arms, which are as beautiful as the rest of the body."

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Explain the Sibyls about the Twelve prophetic figures of the Pictorial scheme in this work, Sistine Chapel ceiling.

=The Sibyls were prophetic women who were resident at shrines or temples throughout the Classical world. These women were similar to Christian prophets in the sense that they were "spokeswomen for the divine oracles" and served as an "mouthpiece of the gods". Furthermore, the Sibyls embodied feminine figures that received messages from the gods and prophesized said messages to the ancient Greeks and Romans who heavily regarded their divinatory practices. Their prophecies predate those of the Christian prophets and were contextually paganistic due to the commonly known beliefs at that time.Authors from antiquity utilized the Greco-Roman Sibyls to legitimize Christianity. The papal court generally regarded antiquity as setting the stage for Christianity. The text Divine Institutes by Lactanitus, a Christian author that was an advisor to Emperor Constantine in 280, was one of the first texts composed to legitimize Christianity and convert pagans and gentiles to the religion. In Divine Institutions, Lactantius states “Another Sibyl ... conveyed the word of God to man and said ‘I am the only god and there is no other.’”, validating monotheism from the written account of a pagan Sibyl. Additionally, the Cumaean Sibyl is quoted by 1st-century BC Roman poet Virgil in his Fourth Eclogue as declaring that "a new progeny of Heaven" would bring about a return of the "Golden Age". Many people during the Renaissance interpreted this as foretelling the birth of Jesus.This association of the Sibyls with Christianity also progresses into Christian worship in the Middle Ages, as they appeared in the Dies Irae Latin hymn produced by either the Franciscan or Dominican monastic order. The hymn utilizes the pagan Sybil as a witness to David's lineage to Christ and uses these figures from Greco-Roman antiquity to support the Christian beliefs of the coming of Christ from an era before the prophets. There was an increasing interest in the remains of Rome's pagan past within the Catholic Church; scholars had turned from reading Mediaeval ecclesiastical Latin texts to classical Latin and the philosophies of the Classical world were studied along with the writings of St Augustine. Thus, the presence of five pagan prophets in the Sistine Chapel is not surprising. Furthermore, this is not the first appearance of Sibyls within a Christian church. Michelangelo's mentor Domenico Ghirlandaio painted Sibyls on the ceiling of Santa Trinita's Sassetti Chapel approximately 20 years prior to the start of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.It is not known why Michelangelo selected the five particular Sibyls that were depicted, given that there were ten possibilities. O'Malley suggests that the four besides the Cumaean Sibyl were selected for a wide geographic coverage, as they come from Africa, Asia, Greece and Ionia.Vasari says of the Erythraean Sibyl: "This figure is extraordinarily beautiful owing to the expression of its face, the arrangement of its hair, and the style of its garments, not to mention its bare arms, which are as beautiful as the rest of the body."

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: Regarding Sistine Chapel ceiling, how does the Pictorial scheme's Twelve prophetic figures  incorporate the Sibyls.

=The Sibyls were prophetic women who were resident at shrines or temples throughout the Classical world. These women were similar to Christian prophets in the sense that they were "spokeswomen for the divine oracles" and served as an "mouthpiece of the gods". Furthermore, the Sibyls embodied feminine figures that received messages from the gods and prophesized said messages to the ancient Greeks and Romans who heavily regarded their divinatory practices. Their prophecies predate those of the Christian prophets and were contextually paganistic due to the commonly known beliefs at that time.Authors from antiquity utilized the Greco-Roman Sibyls to legitimize Christianity. The papal court generally regarded antiquity as setting the stage for Christianity. The text Divine Institutes by Lactanitus, a Christian author that was an advisor to Emperor Constantine in 280, was one of the first texts composed to legitimize Christianity and convert pagans and gentiles to the religion. In Divine Institutions, Lactantius states “Another Sibyl ... conveyed the word of God to man and said ‘I am the only god and there is no other.’”, validating monotheism from the written account of a pagan Sibyl. Additionally, the Cumaean Sibyl is quoted by 1st-century BC Roman poet Virgil in his Fourth Eclogue as declaring that "a new progeny of Heaven" would bring about a return of the "Golden Age". Many people during the Renaissance interpreted this as foretelling the birth of Jesus.This association of the Sibyls with Christianity also progresses into Christian worship in the Middle Ages, as they appeared in the Dies Irae Latin hymn produced by either the Franciscan or Dominican monastic order. The hymn utilizes the pagan Sybil as a witness to David's lineage to Christ and uses these figures from Greco-Roman antiquity to support the Christian beliefs of the coming of Christ from an era before the prophets. There was an increasing interest in the remains of Rome's pagan past within the Catholic Church; scholars had turned from reading Mediaeval ecclesiastical Latin texts to classical Latin and the philosophies of the Classical world were studied along with the writings of St Augustine. Thus, the presence of five pagan prophets in the Sistine Chapel is not surprising. Furthermore, this is not the first appearance of Sibyls within a Christian church. Michelangelo's mentor Domenico Ghirlandaio painted Sibyls on the ceiling of Santa Trinita's Sassetti Chapel approximately 20 years prior to the start of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.It is not known why Michelangelo selected the five particular Sibyls that were depicted, given that there were ten possibilities. O'Malley suggests that the four besides the Cumaean Sibyl were selected for a wide geographic coverage, as they come from Africa, Asia, Greece and Ionia.Vasari says of the Erythraean Sibyl: "This figure is extraordinarily beautiful owing to the expression of its face, the arrangement of its hair, and the style of its garments, not to mention its bare arms, which are as beautiful as the rest of the body."

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: When looking at the Pictorial scheme of Sistine Chapel ceiling, how do you discuss its Twelve prophetic figures's Sibyls?

=The Sibyls were prophetic women who were resident at shrines or temples throughout the Classical world. These women were similar to Christian prophets in the sense that they were "spokeswomen for the divine oracles" and served as an "mouthpiece of the gods". Furthermore, the Sibyls embodied feminine figures that received messages from the gods and prophesized said messages to the ancient Greeks and Romans who heavily regarded their divinatory practices. Their prophecies predate those of the Christian prophets and were contextually paganistic due to the commonly known beliefs at that time.Authors from antiquity utilized the Greco-Roman Sibyls to legitimize Christianity. The papal court generally regarded antiquity as setting the stage for Christianity. The text Divine Institutes by Lactanitus, a Christian author that was an advisor to Emperor Constantine in 280, was one of the first texts composed to legitimize Christianity and convert pagans and gentiles to the religion. In Divine Institutions, Lactantius states “Another Sibyl ... conveyed the word of God to man and said ‘I am the only god and there is no other.’”, validating monotheism from the written account of a pagan Sibyl. Additionally, the Cumaean Sibyl is quoted by 1st-century BC Roman poet Virgil in his Fourth Eclogue as declaring that "a new progeny of Heaven" would bring about a return of the "Golden Age". Many people during the Renaissance interpreted this as foretelling the birth of Jesus.This association of the Sibyls with Christianity also progresses into Christian worship in the Middle Ages, as they appeared in the Dies Irae Latin hymn produced by either the Franciscan or Dominican monastic order. The hymn utilizes the pagan Sybil as a witness to David's lineage to Christ and uses these figures from Greco-Roman antiquity to support the Christian beliefs of the coming of Christ from an era before the prophets. There was an increasing interest in the remains of Rome's pagan past within the Catholic Church; scholars had turned from reading Mediaeval ecclesiastical Latin texts to classical Latin and the philosophies of the Classical world were studied along with the writings of St Augustine. Thus, the presence of five pagan prophets in the Sistine Chapel is not surprising. Furthermore, this is not the first appearance of Sibyls within a Christian church. Michelangelo's mentor Domenico Ghirlandaio painted Sibyls on the ceiling of Santa Trinita's Sassetti Chapel approximately 20 years prior to the start of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.It is not known why Michelangelo selected the five particular Sibyls that were depicted, given that there were ten possibilities. O'Malley suggests that the four besides the Cumaean Sibyl were selected for a wide geographic coverage, as they come from Africa, Asia, Greece and Ionia.Vasari says of the Erythraean Sibyl: "This figure is extraordinarily beautiful owing to the expression of its face, the arrangement of its hair, and the style of its garments, not to mention its bare arms, which are as beautiful as the rest of the body."

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied


Sistine Chapel ceiling

Prompt: In the context of Sistine Chapel ceiling, explain the Pendentives and the Pictorial scheme.

In each corner of the chapel is a triangular pendentive filling the space between the walls and the arch of the vault and forming a doubled spandrel above the windows nearest the corners. On these curving shapes Michelangelo has painted four scenes from biblical stories that are associated with the salvation of Israel by four great male and female heroes of the Jews: Moses, Esther, David and Judith. The first two stories were both seen in Mediaeval and Renaissance theology as prefiguring the Crucifixion of Jesus. The other two stories, those of David and Judith, were often linked in Renaissance art, particularly by Florentine artists as they demonstrated the overthrow of tyrants, a popular subject in the Republic.The Punishment of Haman – seen to the left when facing east, towards the altarThe Brazen Serpent – seen to the right when facing east, towards the altarJudith and Holofernes – seen to the left when facing west, towards the rearDavid and Goliath – seen to the right when facing west, towards the rearIn the Book of Esther, it is related that Haman, a public servant, plots to get Esther's husband, the king of Persia, to slay all the Jewish people in his land. The king, who is going over his books during a sleepless night, realizes something is amiss. Esther, discovering the plot, denounces Haman, and her husband orders his execution on a scaffold he has built. The king's eunuchs promptly carry this out. Michelangelo shows Haman crucified (instead of hanged as in the original story) with Esther looking at him from a doorway and the king giving orders in the background. The composition shows Haman at the table with Esther, as well as being crucified. Mordechai sits on the steps, linking the scenes.In the story of the Brazen Serpent, the people of Israel become dissatisfied and grumble at God. As punishment, they receive a plague of venomous snakes. God offers the people relief by instructing Moses to make a snake of brass and set it up on a pole, the sight of which gives miraculous healing. The composition is crowded with figures and separate incidents as the various individuals who have been attacked by snakes struggle and die or turn toward the icon that will save them. This is the most Mannerist of Michelangelo's earlier compositions at the chapel.Writing in the 19th century, English art critic John Ruskin compares The Brazen Serpent favourably to the canonical classical statue group Laocoön and His Sons, which Michelangelo saw upon its discovery in 1506. Both works are crowded compositions of figures attacked by supernatural reptiles: the "fiery serpents" of the book of Numbers and the sea monsters of Virgil's Aeneid. Ruskin states that he prefers the sublimity expressed by Michelangelo's "gigantic intellect" in "the grandeur of the plague itself, in its multitudinous grasp, and its mystical salvation" and his "awfulness and quietness" to the "meagre lines and contemptible tortures of the Laocoön" and argued that "the grandeur of this treatment results, not merely from choice, but from a greater knowledge and more faithful rendering of truth". Attacking the sculpture's unnaturalistic snakes as "pieces of tape with heads to them" and criticizing the unrealistic struggle, he praises the paintingin the rendering of these circumstances; the binding of the arms to the body, and the knotting of the whole mass of agony together, until we hear the crashing of the bones beneath the grisly sliding of the engine folds. Note also the expression in all the figures of another circumstance, the torpor and cold numbness of the limbs induced by the serpent venom, which, though justifiably over-looked by the sculptor of the Laocoön, as well as by Virgil – in consideration of the rapidity of the death by crushing, adds infinitely to the power of the Florentine's conception.Judith and Holofernes depicts the episode in the Book of Judith. As Judith loads the enemy's head onto a basket carried by her maid and covers it with a cloth, she looks towards the tent, apparently distracted by the limbs of the decapitated corpse flailing about. The composition is vertically split, not unlike the Punishment of Haman at the opposite corner of the chapel.In David and Goliath, the shepherd boy, David, has brought down the towering Goliath with his sling, but the giant is alive and is trying to rise as David forces his head down to chop it off.David and Goliath is a relatively simple composition, with the two protagonists centrally placed and the only other figures being background observers.

Hypothetical reconstruction of the first project for the tomb of Julius II (1505) according to an interpretation by Adriano Marinazzo (2018)<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal

The lunette of Jacob and his son [[Saint Joseph

:File:Abraham - Isaac - Jacob - Judah.jpg

title=La Tomba di Giulio II e l'architettura dipinta della volta della Sistina: Quell'idea di sepoltura che mai vide la luce

:File:The Creation of the Sun and the Moon, Michelangelo (1508-1512).jpg

Creation of the Earth and the celestial bodies

commonly depicted in Western Christian art

:File:Sacrifice of Noah michaelangelo.jpg

File:'Isaiah Sistine Chapel ceiling' by Michelangelo JBU36FXD.jpg

File:Cappella sistina, ricostruzione dell'interno prima degli interventi di Michelangelo, stampa del XIX secolo.jpg

Old Testament messianic prophecies quoted in the New Testament

Tree of the knowledge of good and evil#Christianity

Michelangelo's structural sketch (Archivio Buonarroti, XIII, 175v) overlaid on the Chapel ceiling<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal

The ceiling of the [[Stanza della Segnatura

title=Ipotesi su un disegno michelangiolesco del foglio XIII, 175v, dell'Archivio Buonarroti

The evidence of the plaster laid for a day's work can be seen around the head and arm of this ''ignudo''.

File:Adriano Marinazzo Michelangelo first drawing Sistine Ceiling.jpg

File:Tomb of Pope Julius II - Adriano Marinazzo.jpg

Medieval theology#Medieval Christian theology

Serpent (symbolism)#Judaic and Christian symbolism

The mark of the scaffolding used for painting the ceiling is evident on the lower right of this [[lunette

:File:Raphael School of Athens Michelangelo.jpg

Detail showing intersection of first and second registers, with: a prophet, a lunette, a sibyl, ''ignudi'', medallions, bronze figures, and ''telamones''

An ''ignudo'' commonly reproduced by other artists

God creating Eve from the side of the sleeping Adam

s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VIII/Apocrypha of the New Testament/The Protevangelium of James

The ceiling as it may have looked before Michelangelo painted it

Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar - detail Eleazar with wife.jpg

The ceiling's west end (above the entrance)

title=Found? Michelangelo's Sistine Sketch

:File:Michelangelo - Sistine Chapel - Lunette Eleazar and Mathan - WGA.jpg

the unattainability of divine perfection by man

:File:Michelangelo, Separation of the Earth from the Waters 00.jpg

claimed in the New Testament to have been prophesied