The Battle of San Romano

Prompt: In The Battle of San Romano, how is the Subject discussed?

The three paintings are:The Uffizi panel was probably designed to be the central painting of the triptych and is the only one signed by the artist.  The sequence most widely agreed among art historians is: London, Uffizi, Louvre, although others have been proposed.  They may represent different times of day: dawn (London), mid-day (Florence) and dusk (Paris) – the battle lasted eight hours.In the London painting, Niccolò da Tolentino, with his large gold and red patterned hat, is seen leading the Florentine cavalry. He had a reputation for recklessness, and doesn't even wear a helmet, though he sent two messengers (the departure of the two messengers, depicted centre, top) to tell his allied army of Attendolo to hurry to his aid as he is facing a superior force. In the foreground, broken lances and a dead soldier are carefully aligned into orthogonals, so as to create an impression of perspective. Similar to that of a tapestry, the landscape rises up in a picture plane as opposed to receding deeply into space. This illusion of a backdrop and a perspective theme resembling a stage, depicts the war as a theatrical ceremony. The three paintings were designed to be hung high on three different walls of a room, and the perspective designed with that height in mind, which accounts for many apparent anomalies in the perspective when seen in photos or at normal gallery height.Many areas of the paintings were covered with gold and silver leaf. While the gold leaf, such as that found on the decorations of the bridles, has remained bright, the silver leaf, found particularly on the armour of the soldiers, has oxidized to a dull grey or black.  The original impression of the burnished silver would have been dazzling.  All of the paintings, especially that in the Louvre, have suffered from time and early restoration, and many areas have lost their modelling.The panels were a subject in the BBC series The Private Life of a Masterpiece (2005).

Equestrian Statue of Niccolò da Tolentino

Category:Paintings in the National Gallery, London

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

Equestrian Monument of Niccolò da Tolentino


The Battle of San Romano

Prompt: Focus on The Battle of San Romano and explain the References in popular culture.

The dark horse in the Louvre panel, mounted by Micheletto Attendolo (da Cotignola), can be seen painted in a tapestry, in the first segment ("Metzengerstein") of the 1968 omnibus film Spirits of the Dead.In the 4th Episode (Lucrezia's Wedding) of the 2011 TV Series The Borgias, the London and Louvre panel is shown adorning the dining hall walls of the Florentine Prince when cardinal Della Rovere visits him in Florence.

Equestrian Statue of Niccolò da Tolentino

Category:Paintings in the National Gallery, London

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

Equestrian Monument of Niccolò da Tolentino


The Battle of San Romano

Prompt: Explain the References in popular culture of this artwork, The Battle of San Romano.

The dark horse in the Louvre panel, mounted by Micheletto Attendolo (da Cotignola), can be seen painted in a tapestry, in the first segment ("Metzengerstein") of the 1968 omnibus film Spirits of the Dead.In the 4th Episode (Lucrezia's Wedding) of the 2011 TV Series The Borgias, the London and Louvre panel is shown adorning the dining hall walls of the Florentine Prince when cardinal Della Rovere visits him in Florence.

Equestrian Statue of Niccolò da Tolentino

Category:Paintings in the National Gallery, London

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

Equestrian Monument of Niccolò da Tolentino


The Battle of San Romano

Prompt: How does The Battle of San Romano explain its References in popular culture?

The dark horse in the Louvre panel, mounted by Micheletto Attendolo (da Cotignola), can be seen painted in a tapestry, in the first segment ("Metzengerstein") of the 1968 omnibus film Spirits of the Dead.In the 4th Episode (Lucrezia's Wedding) of the 2011 TV Series The Borgias, the London and Louvre panel is shown adorning the dining hall walls of the Florentine Prince when cardinal Della Rovere visits him in Florence.

Equestrian Statue of Niccolò da Tolentino

Category:Paintings in the National Gallery, London

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

Equestrian Monument of Niccolò da Tolentino


The Battle of San Romano

Prompt: In The Battle of San Romano, how is the References in popular culture discussed?

The dark horse in the Louvre panel, mounted by Micheletto Attendolo (da Cotignola), can be seen painted in a tapestry, in the first segment ("Metzengerstein") of the 1968 omnibus film Spirits of the Dead.In the 4th Episode (Lucrezia's Wedding) of the 2011 TV Series The Borgias, the London and Louvre panel is shown adorning the dining hall walls of the Florentine Prince when cardinal Della Rovere visits him in Florence.

Equestrian Statue of Niccolò da Tolentino

Category:Paintings in the National Gallery, London

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by Italian artists

Equestrian Monument of Niccolò da Tolentino


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Focus on Columbus Fountain and explain the abstract.

Columbus Fountain, also known as the Columbus Memorial, is a public artwork by American sculptor Lorado Taft, located at Union Station in Washington, D.C., United States. A centerpiece of Columbus Circle, Columbus Fountain serves as a tribute to the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. The unveiling in 1912 was celebrated all over Washington, DC over the course of three days with parades, concerts and fireworks gathering tens of thousands of people from all over the world.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Explain the abstract of this artwork, Columbus Fountain.

Columbus Fountain, also known as the Columbus Memorial, is a public artwork by American sculptor Lorado Taft, located at Union Station in Washington, D.C., United States. A centerpiece of Columbus Circle, Columbus Fountain serves as a tribute to the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. The unveiling in 1912 was celebrated all over Washington, DC over the course of three days with parades, concerts and fireworks gathering tens of thousands of people from all over the world.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: How does Columbus Fountain explain its abstract?

Columbus Fountain, also known as the Columbus Memorial, is a public artwork by American sculptor Lorado Taft, located at Union Station in Washington, D.C., United States. A centerpiece of Columbus Circle, Columbus Fountain serves as a tribute to the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. The unveiling in 1912 was celebrated all over Washington, DC over the course of three days with parades, concerts and fireworks gathering tens of thousands of people from all over the world.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: In Columbus Fountain, how is the abstract discussed?

Columbus Fountain, also known as the Columbus Memorial, is a public artwork by American sculptor Lorado Taft, located at Union Station in Washington, D.C., United States. A centerpiece of Columbus Circle, Columbus Fountain serves as a tribute to the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. The unveiling in 1912 was celebrated all over Washington, DC over the course of three days with parades, concerts and fireworks gathering tens of thousands of people from all over the world.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Focus on Columbus Fountain and explain the Description.

Columbus Fountain is a semicircular double-basin fountain with a shaft (h. 45 ft.) in the center. The front of the shaft bears a full-length portrait of Christopher Columbus (approx. h. 15 ft.) wearing a mantle, staring forward with his hands folded in front of him. Beneath him is a ship prow that features a winged figurehead that represents the observation of discovery. A globe, representing the Western hemisphere, is on top of the shaft with four eagles on each corner connected by garland. The left and right sides of the shaft have two male figures decorating them. The right side figure has an elderly man, representing the Old World, and the left side has a figure of a Native American, representing the New World. The back of the shaft has a low-relief medallion (approx. d. 3 ft.) with images of Ferdinand & Isabella. Two lions (approx. h. 5 ft.), placed away from the base, guard the left and right side of the fountain.The back of the shaft is inscribed:TOTHE MEMORY OFCHRISTOPHER COLUMBUSWHOSE HIGH FAITHANDINDOMITABLE COURAGEGAVE TO MANKINDA NEW WORLDBORN MCDXXXVIDIED MDIVThe fountain sits in the center of the Columbus traffic circle in front of Union Station.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Explain the Description of this artwork, Columbus Fountain.

Columbus Fountain is a semicircular double-basin fountain with a shaft (h. 45 ft.) in the center. The front of the shaft bears a full-length portrait of Christopher Columbus (approx. h. 15 ft.) wearing a mantle, staring forward with his hands folded in front of him. Beneath him is a ship prow that features a winged figurehead that represents the observation of discovery. A globe, representing the Western hemisphere, is on top of the shaft with four eagles on each corner connected by garland. The left and right sides of the shaft have two male figures decorating them. The right side figure has an elderly man, representing the Old World, and the left side has a figure of a Native American, representing the New World. The back of the shaft has a low-relief medallion (approx. d. 3 ft.) with images of Ferdinand & Isabella. Two lions (approx. h. 5 ft.), placed away from the base, guard the left and right side of the fountain.The back of the shaft is inscribed:TOTHE MEMORY OFCHRISTOPHER COLUMBUSWHOSE HIGH FAITHANDINDOMITABLE COURAGEGAVE TO MANKINDA NEW WORLDBORN MCDXXXVIDIED MDIVThe fountain sits in the center of the Columbus traffic circle in front of Union Station.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: How does Columbus Fountain explain its Description?

Columbus Fountain is a semicircular double-basin fountain with a shaft (h. 45 ft.) in the center. The front of the shaft bears a full-length portrait of Christopher Columbus (approx. h. 15 ft.) wearing a mantle, staring forward with his hands folded in front of him. Beneath him is a ship prow that features a winged figurehead that represents the observation of discovery. A globe, representing the Western hemisphere, is on top of the shaft with four eagles on each corner connected by garland. The left and right sides of the shaft have two male figures decorating them. The right side figure has an elderly man, representing the Old World, and the left side has a figure of a Native American, representing the New World. The back of the shaft has a low-relief medallion (approx. d. 3 ft.) with images of Ferdinand & Isabella. Two lions (approx. h. 5 ft.), placed away from the base, guard the left and right side of the fountain.The back of the shaft is inscribed:TOTHE MEMORY OFCHRISTOPHER COLUMBUSWHOSE HIGH FAITHANDINDOMITABLE COURAGEGAVE TO MANKINDA NEW WORLDBORN MCDXXXVIDIED MDIVThe fountain sits in the center of the Columbus traffic circle in front of Union Station.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: In Columbus Fountain, how is the Description discussed?

Columbus Fountain is a semicircular double-basin fountain with a shaft (h. 45 ft.) in the center. The front of the shaft bears a full-length portrait of Christopher Columbus (approx. h. 15 ft.) wearing a mantle, staring forward with his hands folded in front of him. Beneath him is a ship prow that features a winged figurehead that represents the observation of discovery. A globe, representing the Western hemisphere, is on top of the shaft with four eagles on each corner connected by garland. The left and right sides of the shaft have two male figures decorating them. The right side figure has an elderly man, representing the Old World, and the left side has a figure of a Native American, representing the New World. The back of the shaft has a low-relief medallion (approx. d. 3 ft.) with images of Ferdinand & Isabella. Two lions (approx. h. 5 ft.), placed away from the base, guard the left and right side of the fountain.The back of the shaft is inscribed:TOTHE MEMORY OFCHRISTOPHER COLUMBUSWHOSE HIGH FAITHANDINDOMITABLE COURAGEGAVE TO MANKINDA NEW WORLDBORN MCDXXXVIDIED MDIVThe fountain sits in the center of the Columbus traffic circle in front of Union Station.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Focus on Columbus Fountain and explain the Congressional legislation.

A very different fountain was originally planned for the circle in front of Union Station. But lobbying began in 1906 for a memorial by the Knights of Columbus. The location was not specified at the time.On March 4, 1907, at 11:00 am, the 59th United States Congress approved HR 13304: That there shall be erected in the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia, a suitable memorial to the memory of Christopher Columbus.Section 2 provided the creation of a Commission shall be created consisting of: the chairman of the Senate committee on the Library of the Fifty-ninth Congressthe chairman of the Committee on the Library of the House of Representatives of the Fifty-ninth Congressthe Secretary of State (Elihu Root)the Secretary of War (William H. Taft)the Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of ColumbusThe powers of the commission would include the full authority to select a site and a suitable design and to contract for and superintend the construction of [the] said memorial.Section 3 provided the Commission $100,000 from the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Explain the Congressional legislation of this artwork, Columbus Fountain.

A very different fountain was originally planned for the circle in front of Union Station. But lobbying began in 1906 for a memorial by the Knights of Columbus. The location was not specified at the time.On March 4, 1907, at 11:00 am, the 59th United States Congress approved HR 13304: That there shall be erected in the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia, a suitable memorial to the memory of Christopher Columbus.Section 2 provided the creation of a Commission shall be created consisting of: the chairman of the Senate committee on the Library of the Fifty-ninth Congressthe chairman of the Committee on the Library of the House of Representatives of the Fifty-ninth Congressthe Secretary of State (Elihu Root)the Secretary of War (William H. Taft)the Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of ColumbusThe powers of the commission would include the full authority to select a site and a suitable design and to contract for and superintend the construction of [the] said memorial.Section 3 provided the Commission $100,000 from the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: How does Columbus Fountain explain its Congressional legislation?

A very different fountain was originally planned for the circle in front of Union Station. But lobbying began in 1906 for a memorial by the Knights of Columbus. The location was not specified at the time.On March 4, 1907, at 11:00 am, the 59th United States Congress approved HR 13304: That there shall be erected in the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia, a suitable memorial to the memory of Christopher Columbus.Section 2 provided the creation of a Commission shall be created consisting of: the chairman of the Senate committee on the Library of the Fifty-ninth Congressthe chairman of the Committee on the Library of the House of Representatives of the Fifty-ninth Congressthe Secretary of State (Elihu Root)the Secretary of War (William H. Taft)the Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of ColumbusThe powers of the commission would include the full authority to select a site and a suitable design and to contract for and superintend the construction of [the] said memorial.Section 3 provided the Commission $100,000 from the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: In Columbus Fountain, how is the Congressional legislation discussed?

A very different fountain was originally planned for the circle in front of Union Station. But lobbying began in 1906 for a memorial by the Knights of Columbus. The location was not specified at the time.On March 4, 1907, at 11:00 am, the 59th United States Congress approved HR 13304: That there shall be erected in the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia, a suitable memorial to the memory of Christopher Columbus.Section 2 provided the creation of a Commission shall be created consisting of: the chairman of the Senate committee on the Library of the Fifty-ninth Congressthe chairman of the Committee on the Library of the House of Representatives of the Fifty-ninth Congressthe Secretary of State (Elihu Root)the Secretary of War (William H. Taft)the Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of ColumbusThe powers of the commission would include the full authority to select a site and a suitable design and to contract for and superintend the construction of [the] said memorial.Section 3 provided the Commission $100,000 from the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Focus on Columbus Fountain and explain the Designing the fountain.

In May 1907, a commission was formed for the memorial fountain headed by prominent members of the Senate, Secretary of State Elihu Root and Secretary of War William H. Taft (who was elected President of the United-States the following year) which served as committee chairman. Upon agreeing on the location for the fountain, a call for designs was requested by artists from America, Italy and Spain. The reason for the three countries stemmed from the committee idea that "if it should be from the hand of an American, the land which Columbus gave to the world; from an Italian, the land which gave Columbus to the world, or from Spain, the land which made Columbus's achievement possible."On March 20, 1908, details of the general scheme proposed by Architect Daniel Burnham was approved by the commission. The Evening Star enumerates the exacts details of the design:It was influenced by a fountain designed by Frederick MacMonnies that was displayed at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. This work depicted a figure of Columbia sitting on a ship with a figure of Fame standing on a ship prow holding a trumpet and a representational figure of Time dominating the stern.Six sculptors, in particular, were to be invited to this competition by the Committee:For Spain: Augustin QuerolFor Italy: Augustus Revolta and Cesare ZoccniFor the United States: Frederick W. MacMonnies, Daniel C. French and Lorado Taft (a distant cousin of the Committee Chairman in the Taft family).The competition was to remain open to other sculptors and all submissions were to be sent by the Committee before or on December 1, 1908. The second and third best designers would get $500 each while the first prize would receive $20,000. Frederick W. MacMonnies and Daniel C. French informed the Committee they would be unable to participate as they had other engagements at the time. In all, twenty sculptors submitted proposals for the fountain including: Henri Cronier, Philip Martiny, Charles Keck, Augustus Lukeman, Alfred Sauder, Henry Hering, Charles J. Pike, Pierre Feitu, Leo Lentelli, John C. Hardy, John K. Daniels, Hans Schuler, Giuseppi Donato, J. Otto Schweizer, V.R. Hoxie, Augustin Querol, Louis Weingartner and Lorado Taft.The models received were put on display in December 1908 in the fifth-floor corridor of the State, War and Navy Departement Building. They were screened until the Committee was ready to review all the proposals. The identities of the artists who had responded were also withheld from the public. By that time, the Committee was composed of Senator George P. Wetmore of Rhode Island, James McCleary of Minnesota, Secretary of State Elihu Root, Secretary of War Luke E. Wright, and Edward L. Hearn, Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus. W. R. Pedigo was the secretary and Col. Charles S. Broniwell. US Army was the executive and disbursing officer. William H. Taft was no longer on the committee as he had resigned as Secretary of War on June 30 to devote himself to his campaign to become the 27th President of the United States.On February 13, 1909, it was decided that the public would be able to view the models prior to the determination of the winner. The reception of the models by the press was poor. The main complaint was with the Committee and not the artists. The artists had very limited artistic freedom considering the very precise parameters given by the committee to be incorporated in the fountain and it was admirable that they had been able to provide so many different expressions to the status of Christopher Columbus.On February 27, 1909, the Committee announced the winner of the competition. Lorado Taft was awarded the honor of making the statue of Columbus as well as all the other sculptures surrounding it and $20,000. The second place was given to Philip Martigny and the third place to Augustin Quero, each receiving $500. The remaining of the funds allocated to this project ($79,000) were to be used to provide all the materials (bronze and granite) as well as the labor for carvings, casting, transportation to the site and setting the memorial in place. The newspapers did not fail to mention that the winner was a cousin of President-elect William H. Taft.Bids for the construction of the fountain and base were open from June 20, 1911 to July 28, 1911. The ad called for "sealed proposals for stonework (granite or marble) for foundations, concrete piles, masonry, etc., and for plumbing and sewers" to be submitted to the committee before midnight on July 28, 1911. The envelopes would be opened publicly. The ad ran in local newspapers from June 26, 1911 to June 29, 1911 as well as on July 24 and 25, 1911. The contract was awarded to J. C. Richardson & Son of New York. The bid was for $21,854 for everything excluding the carvings.Architect Edward Wilmann of D. H. Burnham & Company was put in charge of the construction of the piece.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Explain the Designing the fountain of this artwork, Columbus Fountain.

In May 1907, a commission was formed for the memorial fountain headed by prominent members of the Senate, Secretary of State Elihu Root and Secretary of War William H. Taft (who was elected President of the United-States the following year) which served as committee chairman. Upon agreeing on the location for the fountain, a call for designs was requested by artists from America, Italy and Spain. The reason for the three countries stemmed from the committee idea that "if it should be from the hand of an American, the land which Columbus gave to the world; from an Italian, the land which gave Columbus to the world, or from Spain, the land which made Columbus's achievement possible."On March 20, 1908, details of the general scheme proposed by Architect Daniel Burnham was approved by the commission. The Evening Star enumerates the exacts details of the design:It was influenced by a fountain designed by Frederick MacMonnies that was displayed at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. This work depicted a figure of Columbia sitting on a ship with a figure of Fame standing on a ship prow holding a trumpet and a representational figure of Time dominating the stern.Six sculptors, in particular, were to be invited to this competition by the Committee:For Spain: Augustin QuerolFor Italy: Augustus Revolta and Cesare ZoccniFor the United States: Frederick W. MacMonnies, Daniel C. French and Lorado Taft (a distant cousin of the Committee Chairman in the Taft family).The competition was to remain open to other sculptors and all submissions were to be sent by the Committee before or on December 1, 1908. The second and third best designers would get $500 each while the first prize would receive $20,000. Frederick W. MacMonnies and Daniel C. French informed the Committee they would be unable to participate as they had other engagements at the time. In all, twenty sculptors submitted proposals for the fountain including: Henri Cronier, Philip Martiny, Charles Keck, Augustus Lukeman, Alfred Sauder, Henry Hering, Charles J. Pike, Pierre Feitu, Leo Lentelli, John C. Hardy, John K. Daniels, Hans Schuler, Giuseppi Donato, J. Otto Schweizer, V.R. Hoxie, Augustin Querol, Louis Weingartner and Lorado Taft.The models received were put on display in December 1908 in the fifth-floor corridor of the State, War and Navy Departement Building. They were screened until the Committee was ready to review all the proposals. The identities of the artists who had responded were also withheld from the public. By that time, the Committee was composed of Senator George P. Wetmore of Rhode Island, James McCleary of Minnesota, Secretary of State Elihu Root, Secretary of War Luke E. Wright, and Edward L. Hearn, Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus. W. R. Pedigo was the secretary and Col. Charles S. Broniwell. US Army was the executive and disbursing officer. William H. Taft was no longer on the committee as he had resigned as Secretary of War on June 30 to devote himself to his campaign to become the 27th President of the United States.On February 13, 1909, it was decided that the public would be able to view the models prior to the determination of the winner. The reception of the models by the press was poor. The main complaint was with the Committee and not the artists. The artists had very limited artistic freedom considering the very precise parameters given by the committee to be incorporated in the fountain and it was admirable that they had been able to provide so many different expressions to the status of Christopher Columbus.On February 27, 1909, the Committee announced the winner of the competition. Lorado Taft was awarded the honor of making the statue of Columbus as well as all the other sculptures surrounding it and $20,000. The second place was given to Philip Martigny and the third place to Augustin Quero, each receiving $500. The remaining of the funds allocated to this project ($79,000) were to be used to provide all the materials (bronze and granite) as well as the labor for carvings, casting, transportation to the site and setting the memorial in place. The newspapers did not fail to mention that the winner was a cousin of President-elect William H. Taft.Bids for the construction of the fountain and base were open from June 20, 1911 to July 28, 1911. The ad called for "sealed proposals for stonework (granite or marble) for foundations, concrete piles, masonry, etc., and for plumbing and sewers" to be submitted to the committee before midnight on July 28, 1911. The envelopes would be opened publicly. The ad ran in local newspapers from June 26, 1911 to June 29, 1911 as well as on July 24 and 25, 1911. The contract was awarded to J. C. Richardson & Son of New York. The bid was for $21,854 for everything excluding the carvings.Architect Edward Wilmann of D. H. Burnham & Company was put in charge of the construction of the piece.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: How does Columbus Fountain explain its Designing the fountain?

In May 1907, a commission was formed for the memorial fountain headed by prominent members of the Senate, Secretary of State Elihu Root and Secretary of War William H. Taft (who was elected President of the United-States the following year) which served as committee chairman. Upon agreeing on the location for the fountain, a call for designs was requested by artists from America, Italy and Spain. The reason for the three countries stemmed from the committee idea that "if it should be from the hand of an American, the land which Columbus gave to the world; from an Italian, the land which gave Columbus to the world, or from Spain, the land which made Columbus's achievement possible."On March 20, 1908, details of the general scheme proposed by Architect Daniel Burnham was approved by the commission. The Evening Star enumerates the exacts details of the design:It was influenced by a fountain designed by Frederick MacMonnies that was displayed at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. This work depicted a figure of Columbia sitting on a ship with a figure of Fame standing on a ship prow holding a trumpet and a representational figure of Time dominating the stern.Six sculptors, in particular, were to be invited to this competition by the Committee:For Spain: Augustin QuerolFor Italy: Augustus Revolta and Cesare ZoccniFor the United States: Frederick W. MacMonnies, Daniel C. French and Lorado Taft (a distant cousin of the Committee Chairman in the Taft family).The competition was to remain open to other sculptors and all submissions were to be sent by the Committee before or on December 1, 1908. The second and third best designers would get $500 each while the first prize would receive $20,000. Frederick W. MacMonnies and Daniel C. French informed the Committee they would be unable to participate as they had other engagements at the time. In all, twenty sculptors submitted proposals for the fountain including: Henri Cronier, Philip Martiny, Charles Keck, Augustus Lukeman, Alfred Sauder, Henry Hering, Charles J. Pike, Pierre Feitu, Leo Lentelli, John C. Hardy, John K. Daniels, Hans Schuler, Giuseppi Donato, J. Otto Schweizer, V.R. Hoxie, Augustin Querol, Louis Weingartner and Lorado Taft.The models received were put on display in December 1908 in the fifth-floor corridor of the State, War and Navy Departement Building. They were screened until the Committee was ready to review all the proposals. The identities of the artists who had responded were also withheld from the public. By that time, the Committee was composed of Senator George P. Wetmore of Rhode Island, James McCleary of Minnesota, Secretary of State Elihu Root, Secretary of War Luke E. Wright, and Edward L. Hearn, Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus. W. R. Pedigo was the secretary and Col. Charles S. Broniwell. US Army was the executive and disbursing officer. William H. Taft was no longer on the committee as he had resigned as Secretary of War on June 30 to devote himself to his campaign to become the 27th President of the United States.On February 13, 1909, it was decided that the public would be able to view the models prior to the determination of the winner. The reception of the models by the press was poor. The main complaint was with the Committee and not the artists. The artists had very limited artistic freedom considering the very precise parameters given by the committee to be incorporated in the fountain and it was admirable that they had been able to provide so many different expressions to the status of Christopher Columbus.On February 27, 1909, the Committee announced the winner of the competition. Lorado Taft was awarded the honor of making the statue of Columbus as well as all the other sculptures surrounding it and $20,000. The second place was given to Philip Martigny and the third place to Augustin Quero, each receiving $500. The remaining of the funds allocated to this project ($79,000) were to be used to provide all the materials (bronze and granite) as well as the labor for carvings, casting, transportation to the site and setting the memorial in place. The newspapers did not fail to mention that the winner was a cousin of President-elect William H. Taft.Bids for the construction of the fountain and base were open from June 20, 1911 to July 28, 1911. The ad called for "sealed proposals for stonework (granite or marble) for foundations, concrete piles, masonry, etc., and for plumbing and sewers" to be submitted to the committee before midnight on July 28, 1911. The envelopes would be opened publicly. The ad ran in local newspapers from June 26, 1911 to June 29, 1911 as well as on July 24 and 25, 1911. The contract was awarded to J. C. Richardson & Son of New York. The bid was for $21,854 for everything excluding the carvings.Architect Edward Wilmann of D. H. Burnham & Company was put in charge of the construction of the piece.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: In Columbus Fountain, how is the Designing the fountain discussed?

In May 1907, a commission was formed for the memorial fountain headed by prominent members of the Senate, Secretary of State Elihu Root and Secretary of War William H. Taft (who was elected President of the United-States the following year) which served as committee chairman. Upon agreeing on the location for the fountain, a call for designs was requested by artists from America, Italy and Spain. The reason for the three countries stemmed from the committee idea that "if it should be from the hand of an American, the land which Columbus gave to the world; from an Italian, the land which gave Columbus to the world, or from Spain, the land which made Columbus's achievement possible."On March 20, 1908, details of the general scheme proposed by Architect Daniel Burnham was approved by the commission. The Evening Star enumerates the exacts details of the design:It was influenced by a fountain designed by Frederick MacMonnies that was displayed at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. This work depicted a figure of Columbia sitting on a ship with a figure of Fame standing on a ship prow holding a trumpet and a representational figure of Time dominating the stern.Six sculptors, in particular, were to be invited to this competition by the Committee:For Spain: Augustin QuerolFor Italy: Augustus Revolta and Cesare ZoccniFor the United States: Frederick W. MacMonnies, Daniel C. French and Lorado Taft (a distant cousin of the Committee Chairman in the Taft family).The competition was to remain open to other sculptors and all submissions were to be sent by the Committee before or on December 1, 1908. The second and third best designers would get $500 each while the first prize would receive $20,000. Frederick W. MacMonnies and Daniel C. French informed the Committee they would be unable to participate as they had other engagements at the time. In all, twenty sculptors submitted proposals for the fountain including: Henri Cronier, Philip Martiny, Charles Keck, Augustus Lukeman, Alfred Sauder, Henry Hering, Charles J. Pike, Pierre Feitu, Leo Lentelli, John C. Hardy, John K. Daniels, Hans Schuler, Giuseppi Donato, J. Otto Schweizer, V.R. Hoxie, Augustin Querol, Louis Weingartner and Lorado Taft.The models received were put on display in December 1908 in the fifth-floor corridor of the State, War and Navy Departement Building. They were screened until the Committee was ready to review all the proposals. The identities of the artists who had responded were also withheld from the public. By that time, the Committee was composed of Senator George P. Wetmore of Rhode Island, James McCleary of Minnesota, Secretary of State Elihu Root, Secretary of War Luke E. Wright, and Edward L. Hearn, Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus. W. R. Pedigo was the secretary and Col. Charles S. Broniwell. US Army was the executive and disbursing officer. William H. Taft was no longer on the committee as he had resigned as Secretary of War on June 30 to devote himself to his campaign to become the 27th President of the United States.On February 13, 1909, it was decided that the public would be able to view the models prior to the determination of the winner. The reception of the models by the press was poor. The main complaint was with the Committee and not the artists. The artists had very limited artistic freedom considering the very precise parameters given by the committee to be incorporated in the fountain and it was admirable that they had been able to provide so many different expressions to the status of Christopher Columbus.On February 27, 1909, the Committee announced the winner of the competition. Lorado Taft was awarded the honor of making the statue of Columbus as well as all the other sculptures surrounding it and $20,000. The second place was given to Philip Martigny and the third place to Augustin Quero, each receiving $500. The remaining of the funds allocated to this project ($79,000) were to be used to provide all the materials (bronze and granite) as well as the labor for carvings, casting, transportation to the site and setting the memorial in place. The newspapers did not fail to mention that the winner was a cousin of President-elect William H. Taft.Bids for the construction of the fountain and base were open from June 20, 1911 to July 28, 1911. The ad called for "sealed proposals for stonework (granite or marble) for foundations, concrete piles, masonry, etc., and for plumbing and sewers" to be submitted to the committee before midnight on July 28, 1911. The envelopes would be opened publicly. The ad ran in local newspapers from June 26, 1911 to June 29, 1911 as well as on July 24 and 25, 1911. The contract was awarded to J. C. Richardson & Son of New York. The bid was for $21,854 for everything excluding the carvings.Architect Edward Wilmann of D. H. Burnham & Company was put in charge of the construction of the piece.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Focus on Columbus Fountain and explain the Installation and dedication.

On October 31, 1911 construction, which was supervised by A. W. Taylor of J.C. Robinson & Son,   began and the piece was installed from March–June 1912.There was great excitement in anticipation of the upcoming unveiling. A committee was formed to organize the celebration with various subcommittees to organize the various events organized for Friday, June 7, 1912 through Sunday, June 9, 1912.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Explain the Installation and dedication of this artwork, Columbus Fountain.

On October 31, 1911 construction, which was supervised by A. W. Taylor of J.C. Robinson & Son,   began and the piece was installed from March–June 1912.There was great excitement in anticipation of the upcoming unveiling. A committee was formed to organize the celebration with various subcommittees to organize the various events organized for Friday, June 7, 1912 through Sunday, June 9, 1912.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: How does Columbus Fountain explain its Installation and dedication?

On October 31, 1911 construction, which was supervised by A. W. Taylor of J.C. Robinson & Son,   began and the piece was installed from March–June 1912.There was great excitement in anticipation of the upcoming unveiling. A committee was formed to organize the celebration with various subcommittees to organize the various events organized for Friday, June 7, 1912 through Sunday, June 9, 1912.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: In Columbus Fountain, how is the Installation and dedication discussed?

On October 31, 1911 construction, which was supervised by A. W. Taylor of J.C. Robinson & Son,   began and the piece was installed from March–June 1912.There was great excitement in anticipation of the upcoming unveiling. A committee was formed to organize the celebration with various subcommittees to organize the various events organized for Friday, June 7, 1912 through Sunday, June 9, 1912.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: In the context of Columbus Fountain, explain the Friday, June 7 and the Installation and dedication.

Friday, June 7, Knights of Columbus from around the world gathered in Washington. They visited the tomb of George Washington at Mount Vernon. An ad published in the Washington Herald and Washington Times on June 7 indicates that the Washington-Virginia Electric Railway was the "Official Route" of the Knight of Columbus to Mount Vernon leaving from 12th Street and Pennsylvania Ave.From 7:30 to 10:30 pm, a public reception was held at the new National Museum (now known as the National Museum of Natural History) which opened the previous year with music played by the United States Marine Band and the presence of the Columbus Memorial commission. 4,000 people attended the event with music and a ball. Among the dignitaries present were DC Commissioner Cuno Hugo Rudolph, Senator Henry F. Ashurst of Arizona and Judge William H. De Lacy of the Juvenile Court.At the same time, an Automobile pageant was taking place near the White House with 50,000 people lining up on both sides. Participating vehicles gathered at The Ellipse starting at 7:00 pm. The parade moved at 7:30 pm following a predetermined route: Pass between the Treasury Department and the White House to H Street NW; west to 16th Street NW; north to Scott Circle; around the circle back on 16th Street NW to H Street NW; west to 17th Street NW; south to Pennsylvania Avenue NW; east to Executive Avenue NW; south between White House and State, War and Navy Building; back of White House to Pennsylvania Avenue NW; east to the Peace Monument; back over Pennsylvania Avenue NW to the White Lot.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Explain the Friday, June 7 about the Installation and dedication of this artwork, Columbus Fountain.

Friday, June 7, Knights of Columbus from around the world gathered in Washington. They visited the tomb of George Washington at Mount Vernon. An ad published in the Washington Herald and Washington Times on June 7 indicates that the Washington-Virginia Electric Railway was the "Official Route" of the Knight of Columbus to Mount Vernon leaving from 12th Street and Pennsylvania Ave.From 7:30 to 10:30 pm, a public reception was held at the new National Museum (now known as the National Museum of Natural History) which opened the previous year with music played by the United States Marine Band and the presence of the Columbus Memorial commission. 4,000 people attended the event with music and a ball. Among the dignitaries present were DC Commissioner Cuno Hugo Rudolph, Senator Henry F. Ashurst of Arizona and Judge William H. De Lacy of the Juvenile Court.At the same time, an Automobile pageant was taking place near the White House with 50,000 people lining up on both sides. Participating vehicles gathered at The Ellipse starting at 7:00 pm. The parade moved at 7:30 pm following a predetermined route: Pass between the Treasury Department and the White House to H Street NW; west to 16th Street NW; north to Scott Circle; around the circle back on 16th Street NW to H Street NW; west to 17th Street NW; south to Pennsylvania Avenue NW; east to Executive Avenue NW; south between White House and State, War and Navy Building; back of White House to Pennsylvania Avenue NW; east to the Peace Monument; back over Pennsylvania Avenue NW to the White Lot.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: In Columbus Fountain, how is the Friday, June 7 of the Installation and dedication explained?

Friday, June 7, Knights of Columbus from around the world gathered in Washington. They visited the tomb of George Washington at Mount Vernon. An ad published in the Washington Herald and Washington Times on June 7 indicates that the Washington-Virginia Electric Railway was the "Official Route" of the Knight of Columbus to Mount Vernon leaving from 12th Street and Pennsylvania Ave.From 7:30 to 10:30 pm, a public reception was held at the new National Museum (now known as the National Museum of Natural History) which opened the previous year with music played by the United States Marine Band and the presence of the Columbus Memorial commission. 4,000 people attended the event with music and a ball. Among the dignitaries present were DC Commissioner Cuno Hugo Rudolph, Senator Henry F. Ashurst of Arizona and Judge William H. De Lacy of the Juvenile Court.At the same time, an Automobile pageant was taking place near the White House with 50,000 people lining up on both sides. Participating vehicles gathered at The Ellipse starting at 7:00 pm. The parade moved at 7:30 pm following a predetermined route: Pass between the Treasury Department and the White House to H Street NW; west to 16th Street NW; north to Scott Circle; around the circle back on 16th Street NW to H Street NW; west to 17th Street NW; south to Pennsylvania Avenue NW; east to Executive Avenue NW; south between White House and State, War and Navy Building; back of White House to Pennsylvania Avenue NW; east to the Peace Monument; back over Pennsylvania Avenue NW to the White Lot.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the Friday, June 7 in Columbus Fountain's Installation and dedication.

Friday, June 7, Knights of Columbus from around the world gathered in Washington. They visited the tomb of George Washington at Mount Vernon. An ad published in the Washington Herald and Washington Times on June 7 indicates that the Washington-Virginia Electric Railway was the "Official Route" of the Knight of Columbus to Mount Vernon leaving from 12th Street and Pennsylvania Ave.From 7:30 to 10:30 pm, a public reception was held at the new National Museum (now known as the National Museum of Natural History) which opened the previous year with music played by the United States Marine Band and the presence of the Columbus Memorial commission. 4,000 people attended the event with music and a ball. Among the dignitaries present were DC Commissioner Cuno Hugo Rudolph, Senator Henry F. Ashurst of Arizona and Judge William H. De Lacy of the Juvenile Court.At the same time, an Automobile pageant was taking place near the White House with 50,000 people lining up on both sides. Participating vehicles gathered at The Ellipse starting at 7:00 pm. The parade moved at 7:30 pm following a predetermined route: Pass between the Treasury Department and the White House to H Street NW; west to 16th Street NW; north to Scott Circle; around the circle back on 16th Street NW to H Street NW; west to 17th Street NW; south to Pennsylvania Avenue NW; east to Executive Avenue NW; south between White House and State, War and Navy Building; back of White House to Pennsylvania Avenue NW; east to the Peace Monument; back over Pennsylvania Avenue NW to the White Lot.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: In the context of Columbus Fountain, explain the Saturday, June 8 and the Installation and dedication.

The Knights of Columbus headed up the dedication ceremony on June 8, 1912. It was estimated that at least 150,000 people were expected to attend the opening. Congress supplied an extra $6,000 for expanded police security, with the Knights requesting at least 500 officers to participate. $10,000 was contributed by the Knights of Columbus for the event decorations, supplies and general planning.A parade was planned starting at 3:00 pm featuring an estimated 50,000 participants for the civic portion. General Robert K. Evans, Chief of Military Affairs, served as the parade marshal, riding at the front of the parade. He was followed by the Army Contingent composed of the following (in order):Battalion of the US Engineers (Washington Barracks)Battalion of the Coast Artillery Corps (Art. Dist. of Potomac)Squadron of the Fifteenth Cavalry (Fort Myer)Battalion of the Third Field Artillery (fort Myer)This was followed by the Navy and Marines with each its own band playing. The civic portion of the parade was composed of Knights of Columbus members from all over the country. The Civic portion went in the following order:All Fourth degree KnightsNew York and New Jersey KnightsPennsylvania KnightsMaryland and District of Columbia KnightsVirginia, West Virginia and all southern KnightsIllinois, Ohio and all western Knights. The North Dakota delegation brought Ignatius Court from the Devils Lake Sioux Tribe in complete wardress.All other organizations (including several Italian societies)Five Parade floats depicting Christopher Columbus' trials and tribulations followed behind. The floats included:"Reception of Columbus" by King Ferdinand (Massachusetts delegation)"Columbus before the King" (New York delegation)The "Departure of Columbus" from Europe (Pennsylvania delegation)The caravel in which Columbus set sail (The United Italian Society of Washington)The landing (District of Columbia knights)The route of parade was as follow: Pennsylvania Avenue NW to 2rd Street NW; north on 2rd Street NW to F Street NW; on F street NW to Massachusetts Avenue NW. This is where the reviewing stand stood, where President Taft and his guests reviewed the parade on Union Station Plaza. From Massachusetts Avenue to Stanton Square (later known Stanton Park) where the parade was reviewed by the Knights of Columbus.The unveiling of the artwork was done on a beautiful sunny day with thousands of citizens and visitors attending the ceremony. Secretary of State Philander Knox was the presiding officer. The ceremony followed this order. An invocation was given by Mgr. Thomas Shahan, the Rector of the Catholic University of America. It was followed by an address from Chief Justice Victor J. Dowling. The Marine Band played. Representative James McCreary, a member of the original Committee, talked about the significance of Christopher Columbus. Marquis Luigi Cusani-Confalonieri, Italian Ambassador to the United States pulled the cords after some remarks. As the Stars and Stripes fell away from the statue, a battery from the 3rd Field Artillery from Fort Myer fired a 21-gun salute. Wreaths were laid by several officials and organizations. President Taft provided the formal address followed by a selection of pieces performed by the Marine Band. All the ushers at the ceremony were all members of the Sons of the American Revolution.At 8:00 pm, a public banquet was held at the Convention Hall at the intersection of K Street NW and 5th Street NE with 1830 Knights of Columbus present. Plates were sold for $10. In honor of the visiting Knights, the District Building was illuminated from 8:00 pm to 11:00 pm and an invitation issued to the public to visit the building from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. Police forces were also on standby to accommodate this increase in population.At the same time, a firing of salute was taking place near the White House followed by fireworks from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm. A large crowd gathered on The Ellipse to watch as stars and as the Santa Maria were displayed.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.


Columbus Fountain

Prompt: Explain the Saturday, June 8 about the Installation and dedication of this artwork, Columbus Fountain.

The Knights of Columbus headed up the dedication ceremony on June 8, 1912. It was estimated that at least 150,000 people were expected to attend the opening. Congress supplied an extra $6,000 for expanded police security, with the Knights requesting at least 500 officers to participate. $10,000 was contributed by the Knights of Columbus for the event decorations, supplies and general planning.A parade was planned starting at 3:00 pm featuring an estimated 50,000 participants for the civic portion. General Robert K. Evans, Chief of Military Affairs, served as the parade marshal, riding at the front of the parade. He was followed by the Army Contingent composed of the following (in order):Battalion of the US Engineers (Washington Barracks)Battalion of the Coast Artillery Corps (Art. Dist. of Potomac)Squadron of the Fifteenth Cavalry (Fort Myer)Battalion of the Third Field Artillery (fort Myer)This was followed by the Navy and Marines with each its own band playing. The civic portion of the parade was composed of Knights of Columbus members from all over the country. The Civic portion went in the following order:All Fourth degree KnightsNew York and New Jersey KnightsPennsylvania KnightsMaryland and District of Columbia KnightsVirginia, West Virginia and all southern KnightsIllinois, Ohio and all western Knights. The North Dakota delegation brought Ignatius Court from the Devils Lake Sioux Tribe in complete wardress.All other organizations (including several Italian societies)Five Parade floats depicting Christopher Columbus' trials and tribulations followed behind. The floats included:"Reception of Columbus" by King Ferdinand (Massachusetts delegation)"Columbus before the King" (New York delegation)The "Departure of Columbus" from Europe (Pennsylvania delegation)The caravel in which Columbus set sail (The United Italian Society of Washington)The landing (District of Columbia knights)The route of parade was as follow: Pennsylvania Avenue NW to 2rd Street NW; north on 2rd Street NW to F Street NW; on F street NW to Massachusetts Avenue NW. This is where the reviewing stand stood, where President Taft and his guests reviewed the parade on Union Station Plaza. From Massachusetts Avenue to Stanton Square (later known Stanton Park) where the parade was reviewed by the Knights of Columbus.The unveiling of the artwork was done on a beautiful sunny day with thousands of citizens and visitors attending the ceremony. Secretary of State Philander Knox was the presiding officer. The ceremony followed this order. An invocation was given by Mgr. Thomas Shahan, the Rector of the Catholic University of America. It was followed by an address from Chief Justice Victor J. Dowling. The Marine Band played. Representative James McCreary, a member of the original Committee, talked about the significance of Christopher Columbus. Marquis Luigi Cusani-Confalonieri, Italian Ambassador to the United States pulled the cords after some remarks. As the Stars and Stripes fell away from the statue, a battery from the 3rd Field Artillery from Fort Myer fired a 21-gun salute. Wreaths were laid by several officials and organizations. President Taft provided the formal address followed by a selection of pieces performed by the Marine Band. All the ushers at the ceremony were all members of the Sons of the American Revolution.At 8:00 pm, a public banquet was held at the Convention Hall at the intersection of K Street NW and 5th Street NE with 1830 Knights of Columbus present. Plates were sold for $10. In honor of the visiting Knights, the District Building was illuminated from 8:00 pm to 11:00 pm and an invitation issued to the public to visit the building from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. Police forces were also on standby to accommodate this increase in population.At the same time, a firing of salute was taking place near the White House followed by fireworks from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm. A large crowd gathered on The Ellipse to watch as stars and as the Santa Maria were displayed.

Category:Monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Sculptures of Native Americans in Washington, D.C.

Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.

List of monuments and memorials to Christopher Columbus

Category:Fountains on the National Register of Historic Places

Union Station in 1906 before the Columbus Memorial

The competition model probably submitted in 1908 by Lorado Taft.

File:Union Station Washington, D.C. 1906.tif

Supreme Knight of the Order of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Statues of Christopher Columbus

3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)

St. Patrick's Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

File:Columbus Memorial Construction a.tif

Category:Artworks in the collection of the National Park Service

Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.

List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 6

Category:Sculptures of lions in the United States

Category:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus

Category:Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.

File:The World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, 1893 (1893) (14593740420).jpg

Carving of the top of the world globe. Notice the protruding anchors left on the sides of the block to lift it into place.

United States Army Coast Artillery Corps

File:Model for the Columbus Memorial to be erected at Union Station Plaza, Washington, DC.tif

Category:Sculptures of eagles in the United States

Category:Marble sculptures in Washington, D.C.

Category:Sculptures of birds in Washington, D.C.