Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In the context of Prague astronomical clock, explain the 2022 reconstruction controversy and the History.

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Explain the 2022 reconstruction controversy about the History of this artwork, Prague astronomical clock.

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In Prague astronomical clock, how is the 2022 reconstruction controversy of the History explained?

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the 2022 reconstruction controversy in Prague astronomical clock's History.

The artwork on the Orloj became the center of controversy after a local heritage group noticed the reproduction had "radically changed the appearance, ages, skin tone, dress and even genders of the figures" illustrated by Mánes in 1866. A member of the Club for Old Prague, Milan Patka, registered a complaint with the Ministry of Culture, alleging that in the restoration, painter Stanislav Jirčík had deviated from the "spirit and detail" of the original. The National Heritage Inspectorate began investigations into the allegations.The Guardian reported that the artist may have put the likenesses of his friends and acquaintances into the work, "possibly as a joke." Upon this discovery, the Prague city council's deputy mayor for transport and heritage criticized the botched restoration as "banal and done by an amateur" and suggested the city might need to commission a replacement. It is not yet known how the restoration's discrepancy with the original had escaped detection when the work was installed in 2018.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Focus on Prague astronomical clock and explain the Astronomical dial.

The astronomical dial is a form of mechanical astrolabe, a device used in medieval astronomy. Alternatively, one may consider the Orloj to be a primitive planetarium, displaying the current orientation of the universe relative to the Earth.The astronomical dial has a background that represents the standing Earth and sky, and surrounding it operate four main moving components: the zodiacal ring, an outer rotating ring, an icon representing the Sun, and an icon representing the Moon.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Explain the Astronomical dial of this artwork, Prague astronomical clock.

The astronomical dial is a form of mechanical astrolabe, a device used in medieval astronomy. Alternatively, one may consider the Orloj to be a primitive planetarium, displaying the current orientation of the universe relative to the Earth.The astronomical dial has a background that represents the standing Earth and sky, and surrounding it operate four main moving components: the zodiacal ring, an outer rotating ring, an icon representing the Sun, and an icon representing the Moon.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: How does Prague astronomical clock explain its Astronomical dial?

The astronomical dial is a form of mechanical astrolabe, a device used in medieval astronomy. Alternatively, one may consider the Orloj to be a primitive planetarium, displaying the current orientation of the universe relative to the Earth.The astronomical dial has a background that represents the standing Earth and sky, and surrounding it operate four main moving components: the zodiacal ring, an outer rotating ring, an icon representing the Sun, and an icon representing the Moon.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In Prague astronomical clock, how is the Astronomical dial discussed?

The astronomical dial is a form of mechanical astrolabe, a device used in medieval astronomy. Alternatively, one may consider the Orloj to be a primitive planetarium, displaying the current orientation of the universe relative to the Earth.The astronomical dial has a background that represents the standing Earth and sky, and surrounding it operate four main moving components: the zodiacal ring, an outer rotating ring, an icon representing the Sun, and an icon representing the Moon.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In the context of Prague astronomical clock, explain the Stationary background and the Astronomical dial.

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern (left) part of the horizon is aurora (dawn in Latin) and ortus (rising). On the western (right) part is occasus (sunset), and crepusculum (twilight).Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Explain the Stationary background about the Astronomical dial of this artwork, Prague astronomical clock.

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern (left) part of the horizon is aurora (dawn in Latin) and ortus (rising). On the western (right) part is occasus (sunset), and crepusculum (twilight).Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In Prague astronomical clock, how is the Stationary background of the Astronomical dial explained?

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern (left) part of the horizon is aurora (dawn in Latin) and ortus (rising). On the western (right) part is occasus (sunset), and crepusculum (twilight).Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the Stationary background in Prague astronomical clock's Astronomical dial.

The background represents the Earth and the local view of the sky. The blue circle directly in the centre represents the Earth, and the upper blue is the portion of the sky which is above the horizon. The red and black areas indicate portions of the sky below the horizon. During the daytime, the Sun sits over the blue part of the background and at night it sits over the black. During dawn or dusk, the mechanical sun is positioned over the red part of the background.Written on the eastern (left) part of the horizon is aurora (dawn in Latin) and ortus (rising). On the western (right) part is occasus (sunset), and crepusculum (twilight).Golden Roman numerals at the outer edge of blue circle are the timescale of a normal 24-hour day and indicate time in local Prague time, or Central European Time. Curved golden lines dividing the blue part of dial into 12 parts are marks for unequal "hours". These hours are defined as 1/12 of the time between sunrise and sunset, and vary as the days grow longer or shorter during the year.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In the context of Prague astronomical clock, explain the Zodiacal ring and the Astronomical dial.

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Explain the Zodiacal ring about the Astronomical dial of this artwork, Prague astronomical clock.

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In Prague astronomical clock, how is the Zodiacal ring of the Astronomical dial explained?

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the Zodiacal ring in Prague astronomical clock's Astronomical dial.

Inside the large black outer circle lies another movable circle marked with the signs of the zodiac which indicates the location of the Sun on the ecliptic. The signs are shown in anticlockwise order. In the photograph accompanying this section, the Sun is currently moving anticlockwise from Cancer into Leo.The displacement of the zodiac circle results from the use of a stereographic projection of the ecliptic plane using the North pole as the basis of the projection. This is commonly seen in astronomical clocks of the period.The small golden star shows the position of the vernal equinox, and sidereal time can be read on the scale with golden Roman numerals. The zodiac is on the 365-tooth gear inside the machine. This gear is connected to the Sun gear and the Moon gear by a 24-tooth gear.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In the context of Prague astronomical clock, explain the Old Czech time scale and the Astronomical dial.

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time (or Italian hours), with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm (9.8ft).

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Explain the Old Czech time scale about the Astronomical dial of this artwork, Prague astronomical clock.

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time (or Italian hours), with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm (9.8ft).

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In Prague astronomical clock, how is the Old Czech time scale of the Astronomical dial explained?

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time (or Italian hours), with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm (9.8ft).

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the Old Czech time scale in Prague astronomical clock's Astronomical dial.

At the outer edge of the clock, golden Schwabacher numerals are set on a black background. These numbers indicate Old Czech Time (or Italian hours), with 24 indicating the time of sunset, which varies during the year from as early as 16:00 in winter to 20:16 in summer. This ring moves back and forth during the year to coincide with the time of sunset. The outermost diameter of the ring is approximately 300cm (9.8ft).

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In the context of Prague astronomical clock, explain the Sun and the Astronomical dial.

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Explain the Sun about the Astronomical dial of this artwork, Prague astronomical clock.

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In Prague astronomical clock, how is the Sun of the Astronomical dial explained?

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the Sun in Prague astronomical clock's Astronomical dial.

The golden Sun moves around the zodiacal circle, thus showing its position on the ecliptic. The Sun is attached to an arm with a golden hand, and together they show the time in three different ways:The position of the golden hand over the Roman numerals on the background indicates the time in local Prague time.The position of the Sun over the curved golden lines indicates the time in unequal hours.The position of the golden hand over the outer ring indicates the hours passed after sunset in Old Czech Time.Additionally, the distance of the Sun from the center of the dial shows the time of sunrise and sunset. The Sun and its hand are on the 366-tooth gear inside the machine.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In the context of Prague astronomical clock, explain the Moon and the Astronomical dial.

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Explain the Moon about the Astronomical dial of this artwork, Prague astronomical clock.

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In Prague astronomical clock, how is the Moon of the Astronomical dial explained?

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Describe the characteristics of the Moon in Prague astronomical clock's Astronomical dial.

The movement of the Moon on the ecliptic is shown similarly to that of the Sun, although the speed is much faster, due to the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The Moon's arm is on the 379-tooth gear inside the clock machine.The half-silvered, half-black sphere of the Moon also shows the Lunar phase. The Moon has a 57-tooth gear inside its sphere, and is slowly rotated by a screw-thread attached to a weight, advancing two teeth per day. This movement, powered only by gravity, makes the Orloj unique in the world among astronomical clocks showing the phases of the Moon. The mechanism was created by an unknown maker, probably in the mid-17th century. Unlike the original device, the construction of which was described in a report from 1570, this mechanism produces much smaller deviation from the actual lunar phase of about one day in five years.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Focus on Prague astronomical clock and explain the Animated figures.

The four figures flanking the clock are set in motion on the hour, and represent four things that were despised at the time of the clock's making. From left to right in the photographs, the first is Vanity, represented by a figure admiring himself in a mirror. Next, the miser holding a bag of gold represents greed or usury. Across the clock stands Death, a skeleton that strikes the time upon the hour. Finally, there is a Turkish figure representing lust and earthly pleasures. On the hour, the skeleton rings the bell and immediately all other figures shake their heads side to side, signifying their unreadiness "to go".Every hour of the day, statues of the Twelve Apostles with their attributes appear at the doorways above the clock. The left and right windows above the astronomical clock slide aside to reveal the Apostles as viewed from the square in this order: James the Less and Peter, Andrew and Matthias, Thaddeus and Philip, Thomas and Paul, John and Simon, Barnabas and Bartholomew. Unlike the list of the Twelve Apostles mentioned in the canonical gospels, James the Great and Matthew are missing, replaced by Paul and Barnabas.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Explain the Animated figures of this artwork, Prague astronomical clock.

The four figures flanking the clock are set in motion on the hour, and represent four things that were despised at the time of the clock's making. From left to right in the photographs, the first is Vanity, represented by a figure admiring himself in a mirror. Next, the miser holding a bag of gold represents greed or usury. Across the clock stands Death, a skeleton that strikes the time upon the hour. Finally, there is a Turkish figure representing lust and earthly pleasures. On the hour, the skeleton rings the bell and immediately all other figures shake their heads side to side, signifying their unreadiness "to go".Every hour of the day, statues of the Twelve Apostles with their attributes appear at the doorways above the clock. The left and right windows above the astronomical clock slide aside to reveal the Apostles as viewed from the square in this order: James the Less and Peter, Andrew and Matthias, Thaddeus and Philip, Thomas and Paul, John and Simon, Barnabas and Bartholomew. Unlike the list of the Twelve Apostles mentioned in the canonical gospels, James the Great and Matthew are missing, replaced by Paul and Barnabas.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: How does Prague astronomical clock explain its Animated figures?

The four figures flanking the clock are set in motion on the hour, and represent four things that were despised at the time of the clock's making. From left to right in the photographs, the first is Vanity, represented by a figure admiring himself in a mirror. Next, the miser holding a bag of gold represents greed or usury. Across the clock stands Death, a skeleton that strikes the time upon the hour. Finally, there is a Turkish figure representing lust and earthly pleasures. On the hour, the skeleton rings the bell and immediately all other figures shake their heads side to side, signifying their unreadiness "to go".Every hour of the day, statues of the Twelve Apostles with their attributes appear at the doorways above the clock. The left and right windows above the astronomical clock slide aside to reveal the Apostles as viewed from the square in this order: James the Less and Peter, Andrew and Matthias, Thaddeus and Philip, Thomas and Paul, John and Simon, Barnabas and Bartholomew. Unlike the list of the Twelve Apostles mentioned in the canonical gospels, James the Great and Matthew are missing, replaced by Paul and Barnabas.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In Prague astronomical clock, how is the Animated figures discussed?

The four figures flanking the clock are set in motion on the hour, and represent four things that were despised at the time of the clock's making. From left to right in the photographs, the first is Vanity, represented by a figure admiring himself in a mirror. Next, the miser holding a bag of gold represents greed or usury. Across the clock stands Death, a skeleton that strikes the time upon the hour. Finally, there is a Turkish figure representing lust and earthly pleasures. On the hour, the skeleton rings the bell and immediately all other figures shake their heads side to side, signifying their unreadiness "to go".Every hour of the day, statues of the Twelve Apostles with their attributes appear at the doorways above the clock. The left and right windows above the astronomical clock slide aside to reveal the Apostles as viewed from the square in this order: James the Less and Peter, Andrew and Matthias, Thaddeus and Philip, Thomas and Paul, John and Simon, Barnabas and Bartholomew. Unlike the list of the Twelve Apostles mentioned in the canonical gospels, James the Great and Matthew are missing, replaced by Paul and Barnabas.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Focus on Prague astronomical clock and explain the Calendar.

The calendar plate below the clock was replaced by a copy in 1880. The original made by Josef Mánes is stored in the Prague City Museum. On the edge of the circle is a church calendar with fixed holidays and the names of 365 saints. The board displays allegories of the months. Smaller images represent zodiac signs.Next to the calendar stands a philosopher, archangel Michael pointing at the top of the dial, an astronomer and a chronicler.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: Explain the Calendar of this artwork, Prague astronomical clock.

The calendar plate below the clock was replaced by a copy in 1880. The original made by Josef Mánes is stored in the Prague City Museum. On the edge of the circle is a church calendar with fixed holidays and the names of 365 saints. The board displays allegories of the months. Smaller images represent zodiac signs.Next to the calendar stands a philosopher, archangel Michael pointing at the top of the dial, an astronomer and a chronicler.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: How does Prague astronomical clock explain its Calendar?

The calendar plate below the clock was replaced by a copy in 1880. The original made by Josef Mánes is stored in the Prague City Museum. On the edge of the circle is a church calendar with fixed holidays and the names of 365 saints. The board displays allegories of the months. Smaller images represent zodiac signs.Next to the calendar stands a philosopher, archangel Michael pointing at the top of the dial, an astronomer and a chronicler.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


Prague astronomical clock

Prompt: In Prague astronomical clock, how is the Calendar discussed?

The calendar plate below the clock was replaced by a copy in 1880. The original made by Josef Mánes is stored in the Prague City Museum. On the edge of the circle is a church calendar with fixed holidays and the names of 365 saints. The board displays allegories of the months. Smaller images represent zodiac signs.Next to the calendar stands a philosopher, archangel Michael pointing at the top of the dial, an astronomer and a chronicler.

File:Prague Astronomical Clock Detail.jpg <!-- replacing Image:Prazsky orloj kalendar detail.jpg -->

File:Rekonstrukce Staroměstské radnice 1AAB1356.jpg

Category:Astronomical clocks in the Czech Republic

Category:Towers completed in the 15th century

Category:Clock towers in the Czech Republic

Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1410

The Moon sphere is seen showing approximately a quarter moon

Category:Buildings and structures in Prague

National Heritage Inspectorate (Czech Republic)

Apostles in the New Testament#Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 3.jpg

File:Statues on Prague Astronomical Clock 2014-01 (landscape mode) 4.jpg


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: Focus on The Massacre at Chios and explain the abstract.

Scenes from the Massacre at Chios (French: Scènes des massacres de Scio) is the second major oil painting by the French artist Eugène Delacroix. The work is more than four meters tall, and shows some of the horror of the wartime destruction visited on the Island of Chios in the Chios massacre. A frieze-like display of suffering characters, military might, ornate and colourful costumes, terror, disease and death is shown in front of a scene of widespread desolation.Unusual for a painting of civil ruin during this period, The Massacre at Chios has no heroic figure to counterbalance the crushed victims, and there is little to suggest hope among the ruin and despair. The vigour with which the aggressor is painted, contrasted with the dismal rendition of the victims, has drawn comment since the work was first hung, and some critics have charged that Delacroix might have tried to show some sympathy with the brutal occupiers. The painting was completed and displayed at the Salon of 1824 and hangs at the Musée du Louvre in Paris.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: Explain the abstract of this artwork, The Massacre at Chios.

Scenes from the Massacre at Chios (French: Scènes des massacres de Scio) is the second major oil painting by the French artist Eugène Delacroix. The work is more than four meters tall, and shows some of the horror of the wartime destruction visited on the Island of Chios in the Chios massacre. A frieze-like display of suffering characters, military might, ornate and colourful costumes, terror, disease and death is shown in front of a scene of widespread desolation.Unusual for a painting of civil ruin during this period, The Massacre at Chios has no heroic figure to counterbalance the crushed victims, and there is little to suggest hope among the ruin and despair. The vigour with which the aggressor is painted, contrasted with the dismal rendition of the victims, has drawn comment since the work was first hung, and some critics have charged that Delacroix might have tried to show some sympathy with the brutal occupiers. The painting was completed and displayed at the Salon of 1824 and hangs at the Musée du Louvre in Paris.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: How does The Massacre at Chios explain its abstract?

Scenes from the Massacre at Chios (French: Scènes des massacres de Scio) is the second major oil painting by the French artist Eugène Delacroix. The work is more than four meters tall, and shows some of the horror of the wartime destruction visited on the Island of Chios in the Chios massacre. A frieze-like display of suffering characters, military might, ornate and colourful costumes, terror, disease and death is shown in front of a scene of widespread desolation.Unusual for a painting of civil ruin during this period, The Massacre at Chios has no heroic figure to counterbalance the crushed victims, and there is little to suggest hope among the ruin and despair. The vigour with which the aggressor is painted, contrasted with the dismal rendition of the victims, has drawn comment since the work was first hung, and some critics have charged that Delacroix might have tried to show some sympathy with the brutal occupiers. The painting was completed and displayed at the Salon of 1824 and hangs at the Musée du Louvre in Paris.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: In The Massacre at Chios, how is the abstract discussed?

Scenes from the Massacre at Chios (French: Scènes des massacres de Scio) is the second major oil painting by the French artist Eugène Delacroix. The work is more than four meters tall, and shows some of the horror of the wartime destruction visited on the Island of Chios in the Chios massacre. A frieze-like display of suffering characters, military might, ornate and colourful costumes, terror, disease and death is shown in front of a scene of widespread desolation.Unusual for a painting of civil ruin during this period, The Massacre at Chios has no heroic figure to counterbalance the crushed victims, and there is little to suggest hope among the ruin and despair. The vigour with which the aggressor is painted, contrasted with the dismal rendition of the victims, has drawn comment since the work was first hung, and some critics have charged that Delacroix might have tried to show some sympathy with the brutal occupiers. The painting was completed and displayed at the Salon of 1824 and hangs at the Musée du Louvre in Paris.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: Focus on The Massacre at Chios and explain the Massacre.

A military attack on the inhabitants of Chios by Ottoman forces commenced on 12 April 1822 and was prosecuted for several months into the summer of the same year. The campaign resulted in the deaths of twenty thousand citizens, and the forced deportation into slavery of almost all the surviving seventy thousand inhabitants.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: Explain the Massacre of this artwork, The Massacre at Chios.

A military attack on the inhabitants of Chios by Ottoman forces commenced on 12 April 1822 and was prosecuted for several months into the summer of the same year. The campaign resulted in the deaths of twenty thousand citizens, and the forced deportation into slavery of almost all the surviving seventy thousand inhabitants.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: How does The Massacre at Chios explain its Massacre?

A military attack on the inhabitants of Chios by Ottoman forces commenced on 12 April 1822 and was prosecuted for several months into the summer of the same year. The campaign resulted in the deaths of twenty thousand citizens, and the forced deportation into slavery of almost all the surviving seventy thousand inhabitants.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: In The Massacre at Chios, how is the Massacre discussed?

A military attack on the inhabitants of Chios by Ottoman forces commenced on 12 April 1822 and was prosecuted for several months into the summer of the same year. The campaign resulted in the deaths of twenty thousand citizens, and the forced deportation into slavery of almost all the surviving seventy thousand inhabitants.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: Focus on The Massacre at Chios and explain the Composition.

Delacroix had been greatly impressed by his fellow Parisien Théodore Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa, a painting for which he himself modeled as the young man at the front with the outstretched arm. The pyramidal arrangement that governs Géricault's painting is similarly seen with the figures in the foreground of The Massacre at Chios. On this unlikely layout of characters, Delacroix commented, "One must fill up; if it is less natural, it will be more beautiful and fécond. Would that everything should hold together!" The dense assembly of characters at the front is in marked contrast to the open and dispersed spaces behind them. Land and sea, light and shade appear as bands of drifting colours listlessly running into each other, and Delacroix appears to abandon the laws of perspective altogether with his rendering of clouds. The complete effect of this background is to suggest a constant opening out, dissolution and centrelessness. Aesthetician Heinrich Wölfflin identified this technique, and classified it a tectonic form.The thirteen civilians—men, women and children–have been rounded up for slaughter or enslavement. They are harshly presented to the viewer in an almost flat plane; slumped, disordered, and unevenly distributed. Their arrangement principally comprises two human pyramids–one pyramid to the left of the canvas culminating in the man with the red fez, and the other to the right culminating in the mounted soldier. The area between the two pyramids contains two soldiers in shadow, and two more Greek victims–a young man embraced by a young woman. The two men in the pyramid to the left are injured. The man at the front is on or near to the point of death, and the man poised at the top of the group appears unable to prepare a defence for himself. His gaze is in the direction of the suffering children in front of him, but it does not fall on them. This seeming detachment, coupled with the vacant stare of the dying man lend to this group an air of despondent resignation.In contrast, the human pyramid to the right has a vigorous vertical thrust. The writhing of the woman tied to the horse, the upward reaching stretch of the figure to her left, the shocking mane of the horse, and the twisting and commanding figure of the soldier upon it, all give dynamism to the grouping as it rises. But at the foot of the pyramid, an old woman raises her head to gaze into the sky, and to her right a baby seeks maternal comfort from a clenched-fisted corpse. Body parts including a hand and forearm, and an indistinct, congealed bloody mass hover grimly above the infant.Of the rear, Elisabeth A. Fraser notes that "[t]he background cuts through the centre of the composition and drops inexplicably out and back from the cluster of [foreground] figures." This dramatic arrangement breaks the picture apart into fragments, with clumps of tangled bodies, scattered glances and other details competing for the viewers attention. In the middle distance, another mêlée of humanitarian disaster unfolds, and the background is an uneven display of sacked, burning settlements and scorched earth. Most of the Mediterranean horizon is painted with bleak earth colours, and it is punctuated only by smoke, the mane of the rearing horse and the head of the soldier.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: Explain the Composition of this artwork, The Massacre at Chios.

Delacroix had been greatly impressed by his fellow Parisien Théodore Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa, a painting for which he himself modeled as the young man at the front with the outstretched arm. The pyramidal arrangement that governs Géricault's painting is similarly seen with the figures in the foreground of The Massacre at Chios. On this unlikely layout of characters, Delacroix commented, "One must fill up; if it is less natural, it will be more beautiful and fécond. Would that everything should hold together!" The dense assembly of characters at the front is in marked contrast to the open and dispersed spaces behind them. Land and sea, light and shade appear as bands of drifting colours listlessly running into each other, and Delacroix appears to abandon the laws of perspective altogether with his rendering of clouds. The complete effect of this background is to suggest a constant opening out, dissolution and centrelessness. Aesthetician Heinrich Wölfflin identified this technique, and classified it a tectonic form.The thirteen civilians—men, women and children–have been rounded up for slaughter or enslavement. They are harshly presented to the viewer in an almost flat plane; slumped, disordered, and unevenly distributed. Their arrangement principally comprises two human pyramids–one pyramid to the left of the canvas culminating in the man with the red fez, and the other to the right culminating in the mounted soldier. The area between the two pyramids contains two soldiers in shadow, and two more Greek victims–a young man embraced by a young woman. The two men in the pyramid to the left are injured. The man at the front is on or near to the point of death, and the man poised at the top of the group appears unable to prepare a defence for himself. His gaze is in the direction of the suffering children in front of him, but it does not fall on them. This seeming detachment, coupled with the vacant stare of the dying man lend to this group an air of despondent resignation.In contrast, the human pyramid to the right has a vigorous vertical thrust. The writhing of the woman tied to the horse, the upward reaching stretch of the figure to her left, the shocking mane of the horse, and the twisting and commanding figure of the soldier upon it, all give dynamism to the grouping as it rises. But at the foot of the pyramid, an old woman raises her head to gaze into the sky, and to her right a baby seeks maternal comfort from a clenched-fisted corpse. Body parts including a hand and forearm, and an indistinct, congealed bloody mass hover grimly above the infant.Of the rear, Elisabeth A. Fraser notes that "[t]he background cuts through the centre of the composition and drops inexplicably out and back from the cluster of [foreground] figures." This dramatic arrangement breaks the picture apart into fragments, with clumps of tangled bodies, scattered glances and other details competing for the viewers attention. In the middle distance, another mêlée of humanitarian disaster unfolds, and the background is an uneven display of sacked, burning settlements and scorched earth. Most of the Mediterranean horizon is painted with bleak earth colours, and it is punctuated only by smoke, the mane of the rearing horse and the head of the soldier.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: How does The Massacre at Chios explain its Composition?

Delacroix had been greatly impressed by his fellow Parisien Théodore Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa, a painting for which he himself modeled as the young man at the front with the outstretched arm. The pyramidal arrangement that governs Géricault's painting is similarly seen with the figures in the foreground of The Massacre at Chios. On this unlikely layout of characters, Delacroix commented, "One must fill up; if it is less natural, it will be more beautiful and fécond. Would that everything should hold together!" The dense assembly of characters at the front is in marked contrast to the open and dispersed spaces behind them. Land and sea, light and shade appear as bands of drifting colours listlessly running into each other, and Delacroix appears to abandon the laws of perspective altogether with his rendering of clouds. The complete effect of this background is to suggest a constant opening out, dissolution and centrelessness. Aesthetician Heinrich Wölfflin identified this technique, and classified it a tectonic form.The thirteen civilians—men, women and children–have been rounded up for slaughter or enslavement. They are harshly presented to the viewer in an almost flat plane; slumped, disordered, and unevenly distributed. Their arrangement principally comprises two human pyramids–one pyramid to the left of the canvas culminating in the man with the red fez, and the other to the right culminating in the mounted soldier. The area between the two pyramids contains two soldiers in shadow, and two more Greek victims–a young man embraced by a young woman. The two men in the pyramid to the left are injured. The man at the front is on or near to the point of death, and the man poised at the top of the group appears unable to prepare a defence for himself. His gaze is in the direction of the suffering children in front of him, but it does not fall on them. This seeming detachment, coupled with the vacant stare of the dying man lend to this group an air of despondent resignation.In contrast, the human pyramid to the right has a vigorous vertical thrust. The writhing of the woman tied to the horse, the upward reaching stretch of the figure to her left, the shocking mane of the horse, and the twisting and commanding figure of the soldier upon it, all give dynamism to the grouping as it rises. But at the foot of the pyramid, an old woman raises her head to gaze into the sky, and to her right a baby seeks maternal comfort from a clenched-fisted corpse. Body parts including a hand and forearm, and an indistinct, congealed bloody mass hover grimly above the infant.Of the rear, Elisabeth A. Fraser notes that "[t]he background cuts through the centre of the composition and drops inexplicably out and back from the cluster of [foreground] figures." This dramatic arrangement breaks the picture apart into fragments, with clumps of tangled bodies, scattered glances and other details competing for the viewers attention. In the middle distance, another mêlée of humanitarian disaster unfolds, and the background is an uneven display of sacked, burning settlements and scorched earth. Most of the Mediterranean horizon is painted with bleak earth colours, and it is punctuated only by smoke, the mane of the rearing horse and the head of the soldier.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: In The Massacre at Chios, how is the Composition discussed?

Delacroix had been greatly impressed by his fellow Parisien Théodore Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa, a painting for which he himself modeled as the young man at the front with the outstretched arm. The pyramidal arrangement that governs Géricault's painting is similarly seen with the figures in the foreground of The Massacre at Chios. On this unlikely layout of characters, Delacroix commented, "One must fill up; if it is less natural, it will be more beautiful and fécond. Would that everything should hold together!" The dense assembly of characters at the front is in marked contrast to the open and dispersed spaces behind them. Land and sea, light and shade appear as bands of drifting colours listlessly running into each other, and Delacroix appears to abandon the laws of perspective altogether with his rendering of clouds. The complete effect of this background is to suggest a constant opening out, dissolution and centrelessness. Aesthetician Heinrich Wölfflin identified this technique, and classified it a tectonic form.The thirteen civilians—men, women and children–have been rounded up for slaughter or enslavement. They are harshly presented to the viewer in an almost flat plane; slumped, disordered, and unevenly distributed. Their arrangement principally comprises two human pyramids–one pyramid to the left of the canvas culminating in the man with the red fez, and the other to the right culminating in the mounted soldier. The area between the two pyramids contains two soldiers in shadow, and two more Greek victims–a young man embraced by a young woman. The two men in the pyramid to the left are injured. The man at the front is on or near to the point of death, and the man poised at the top of the group appears unable to prepare a defence for himself. His gaze is in the direction of the suffering children in front of him, but it does not fall on them. This seeming detachment, coupled with the vacant stare of the dying man lend to this group an air of despondent resignation.In contrast, the human pyramid to the right has a vigorous vertical thrust. The writhing of the woman tied to the horse, the upward reaching stretch of the figure to her left, the shocking mane of the horse, and the twisting and commanding figure of the soldier upon it, all give dynamism to the grouping as it rises. But at the foot of the pyramid, an old woman raises her head to gaze into the sky, and to her right a baby seeks maternal comfort from a clenched-fisted corpse. Body parts including a hand and forearm, and an indistinct, congealed bloody mass hover grimly above the infant.Of the rear, Elisabeth A. Fraser notes that "[t]he background cuts through the centre of the composition and drops inexplicably out and back from the cluster of [foreground] figures." This dramatic arrangement breaks the picture apart into fragments, with clumps of tangled bodies, scattered glances and other details competing for the viewers attention. In the middle distance, another mêlée of humanitarian disaster unfolds, and the background is an uneven display of sacked, burning settlements and scorched earth. Most of the Mediterranean horizon is painted with bleak earth colours, and it is punctuated only by smoke, the mane of the rearing horse and the head of the soldier.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: Focus on The Massacre at Chios and explain the Figures.

Delacroix reveals over a number of weeks' entries in his Journal a desire to try to get away from the academically sound and muscular figures of his previous work Dante and Virgil in Hell. Two studies Delacroix worked on at this time, Head of an Old Greek Woman and Girl Seated in a Cemetery, show the combination of unexaggerated modelling and accented contour he was striving to incorporate into his larger work. The final treatment of figures in the Massacre is however less consistent than these two studies. The flesh of the dead (or dying) man at the front is for instance strongly colouristically rendered, contrasting with the more tonal modelling of the nude to the right, and the Veronese-like schematic modelling of the baby.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: Explain the Figures of this artwork, The Massacre at Chios.

Delacroix reveals over a number of weeks' entries in his Journal a desire to try to get away from the academically sound and muscular figures of his previous work Dante and Virgil in Hell. Two studies Delacroix worked on at this time, Head of an Old Greek Woman and Girl Seated in a Cemetery, show the combination of unexaggerated modelling and accented contour he was striving to incorporate into his larger work. The final treatment of figures in the Massacre is however less consistent than these two studies. The flesh of the dead (or dying) man at the front is for instance strongly colouristically rendered, contrasting with the more tonal modelling of the nude to the right, and the Veronese-like schematic modelling of the baby.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: How does The Massacre at Chios explain its Figures?

Delacroix reveals over a number of weeks' entries in his Journal a desire to try to get away from the academically sound and muscular figures of his previous work Dante and Virgil in Hell. Two studies Delacroix worked on at this time, Head of an Old Greek Woman and Girl Seated in a Cemetery, show the combination of unexaggerated modelling and accented contour he was striving to incorporate into his larger work. The final treatment of figures in the Massacre is however less consistent than these two studies. The flesh of the dead (or dying) man at the front is for instance strongly colouristically rendered, contrasting with the more tonal modelling of the nude to the right, and the Veronese-like schematic modelling of the baby.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: In The Massacre at Chios, how is the Figures discussed?

Delacroix reveals over a number of weeks' entries in his Journal a desire to try to get away from the academically sound and muscular figures of his previous work Dante and Virgil in Hell. Two studies Delacroix worked on at this time, Head of an Old Greek Woman and Girl Seated in a Cemetery, show the combination of unexaggerated modelling and accented contour he was striving to incorporate into his larger work. The final treatment of figures in the Massacre is however less consistent than these two studies. The flesh of the dead (or dying) man at the front is for instance strongly colouristically rendered, contrasting with the more tonal modelling of the nude to the right, and the Veronese-like schematic modelling of the baby.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists

the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: Focus on The Massacre at Chios and explain the History.

On 15 September 1821, Delacroix wrote to his friend Raymond Soulier that he wanted to make a reputation for himself by painting a scene from the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks, and have this painting displayed at the Salon. At this time Delacroix was not famous, and had yet to paint a canvas that was to be hung for public display. In the event, he decided to paint his Dante and Virgil in Hell, but even as this painting was revealed to the public in April 1822, the atrocities at Chios were being meted out in full force. In May 1823, Delacroix committed to paint a picture about the massacre.When the Salon of 1824 opened on 25 August—an unusually late date for this institution—Delacroix's picture was shown there as exhibit no. 450 and entitled Scènes des massacres de Scio; familles grecques attendent la mort ou l'esclavage, etc.  (English:Scenes of massacres at Chios; Greek families awaiting death or slavery, etc..) The painting was hung in the same room that housed Ingres' The Vow of Louis XIII. This display of two works exemplifying such  a different approaches to the expression of form marked the beginning of the public rivalry between the two artists. Delacroix thought this was the moment the academy began to regard him as an "object of antipathy".Alexandre Dumas reported that "there is always a group in front of the picture ..., painters of every school engaged in heated discussion". Both Dumas and Stendhal remarked that they thought the picture was a depiction of a plague, which in part it was. Gros, from whose Plague of Jaffa Delacroix had noticeably borrowed, called it "the massacre of painting". Ingres said the painting exemplified the 'fever and epilepsy' of modern art. Critics Girodet and Thiers were, however, more flattering, and the painting was sufficiently well regarded for the state to purchase it the same year for the Musée du Luxembourg for 6000 francs. The purchase provoked internal conflicts in the Restoration arts administration, however, when the Comte de Forbin, director of the royal museums, bought the painting without the King's official approval, an irregular and politically risky procedure. In November 1874 it was transferred to the Musée du Louvre.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: Explain the History of this artwork, The Massacre at Chios.

On 15 September 1821, Delacroix wrote to his friend Raymond Soulier that he wanted to make a reputation for himself by painting a scene from the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks, and have this painting displayed at the Salon. At this time Delacroix was not famous, and had yet to paint a canvas that was to be hung for public display. In the event, he decided to paint his Dante and Virgil in Hell, but even as this painting was revealed to the public in April 1822, the atrocities at Chios were being meted out in full force. In May 1823, Delacroix committed to paint a picture about the massacre.When the Salon of 1824 opened on 25 August—an unusually late date for this institution—Delacroix's picture was shown there as exhibit no. 450 and entitled Scènes des massacres de Scio; familles grecques attendent la mort ou l'esclavage, etc.  (English:Scenes of massacres at Chios; Greek families awaiting death or slavery, etc..) The painting was hung in the same room that housed Ingres' The Vow of Louis XIII. This display of two works exemplifying such  a different approaches to the expression of form marked the beginning of the public rivalry between the two artists. Delacroix thought this was the moment the academy began to regard him as an "object of antipathy".Alexandre Dumas reported that "there is always a group in front of the picture ..., painters of every school engaged in heated discussion". Both Dumas and Stendhal remarked that they thought the picture was a depiction of a plague, which in part it was. Gros, from whose Plague of Jaffa Delacroix had noticeably borrowed, called it "the massacre of painting". Ingres said the painting exemplified the 'fever and epilepsy' of modern art. Critics Girodet and Thiers were, however, more flattering, and the painting was sufficiently well regarded for the state to purchase it the same year for the Musée du Luxembourg for 6000 francs. The purchase provoked internal conflicts in the Restoration arts administration, however, when the Comte de Forbin, director of the royal museums, bought the painting without the King's official approval, an irregular and politically risky procedure. In November 1874 it was transferred to the Musée du Louvre.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: How does The Massacre at Chios explain its History?

On 15 September 1821, Delacroix wrote to his friend Raymond Soulier that he wanted to make a reputation for himself by painting a scene from the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks, and have this painting displayed at the Salon. At this time Delacroix was not famous, and had yet to paint a canvas that was to be hung for public display. In the event, he decided to paint his Dante and Virgil in Hell, but even as this painting was revealed to the public in April 1822, the atrocities at Chios were being meted out in full force. In May 1823, Delacroix committed to paint a picture about the massacre.When the Salon of 1824 opened on 25 August—an unusually late date for this institution—Delacroix's picture was shown there as exhibit no. 450 and entitled Scènes des massacres de Scio; familles grecques attendent la mort ou l'esclavage, etc.  (English:Scenes of massacres at Chios; Greek families awaiting death or slavery, etc..) The painting was hung in the same room that housed Ingres' The Vow of Louis XIII. This display of two works exemplifying such  a different approaches to the expression of form marked the beginning of the public rivalry between the two artists. Delacroix thought this was the moment the academy began to regard him as an "object of antipathy".Alexandre Dumas reported that "there is always a group in front of the picture ..., painters of every school engaged in heated discussion". Both Dumas and Stendhal remarked that they thought the picture was a depiction of a plague, which in part it was. Gros, from whose Plague of Jaffa Delacroix had noticeably borrowed, called it "the massacre of painting". Ingres said the painting exemplified the 'fever and epilepsy' of modern art. Critics Girodet and Thiers were, however, more flattering, and the painting was sufficiently well regarded for the state to purchase it the same year for the Musée du Luxembourg for 6000 francs. The purchase provoked internal conflicts in the Restoration arts administration, however, when the Comte de Forbin, director of the royal museums, bought the painting without the King's official approval, an irregular and politically risky procedure. In November 1874 it was transferred to the Musée du Louvre.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists


The Massacre at Chios

Prompt: In The Massacre at Chios, how is the History discussed?

On 15 September 1821, Delacroix wrote to his friend Raymond Soulier that he wanted to make a reputation for himself by painting a scene from the war between the Ottomans and the Greeks, and have this painting displayed at the Salon. At this time Delacroix was not famous, and had yet to paint a canvas that was to be hung for public display. In the event, he decided to paint his Dante and Virgil in Hell, but even as this painting was revealed to the public in April 1822, the atrocities at Chios were being meted out in full force. In May 1823, Delacroix committed to paint a picture about the massacre.When the Salon of 1824 opened on 25 August—an unusually late date for this institution—Delacroix's picture was shown there as exhibit no. 450 and entitled Scènes des massacres de Scio; familles grecques attendent la mort ou l'esclavage, etc.  (English:Scenes of massacres at Chios; Greek families awaiting death or slavery, etc..) The painting was hung in the same room that housed Ingres' The Vow of Louis XIII. This display of two works exemplifying such  a different approaches to the expression of form marked the beginning of the public rivalry between the two artists. Delacroix thought this was the moment the academy began to regard him as an "object of antipathy".Alexandre Dumas reported that "there is always a group in front of the picture ..., painters of every school engaged in heated discussion". Both Dumas and Stendhal remarked that they thought the picture was a depiction of a plague, which in part it was. Gros, from whose Plague of Jaffa Delacroix had noticeably borrowed, called it "the massacre of painting". Ingres said the painting exemplified the 'fever and epilepsy' of modern art. Critics Girodet and Thiers were, however, more flattering, and the painting was sufficiently well regarded for the state to purchase it the same year for the Musée du Luxembourg for 6000 francs. The purchase provoked internal conflicts in the Restoration arts administration, however, when the Comte de Forbin, director of the royal museums, bought the painting without the King's official approval, an irregular and politically risky procedure. In November 1874 it was transferred to the Musée du Louvre.

Category:Paintings about the Greek War of Independence

Detail from Delacroix's study ''[[Head of an Old Greek Woman

Figure of the old woman at the foot of the painting

Compositional structure of two human pyramids

Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa

File:Eugene Delacroix - Scenes from Massacre at Chios- detail 1824 Louvre.jpg

Category:Paintings in the Louvre by French artists